1. Potrebno je odrediti najvee optereenje q koje moe preuzeti greda sa skice.

Materijal: Piljeno drvo etinari II klase.

Popreni presjek grede:

f1dop = c / 300
f 2 dop = l / 200

c 2 (4l + 3c) l 3
f1 = q c
24 EI
2
ql
f2 =
(5l 2 12c 2 )
384 EI

q 6.0 3.0 18.0 q

=
= 4 .0 q
4 .5
4 .5
q 6 .0 1 .5 9 .0 q
RB =
=
= 2 .0 q
4 .5
4 .5

RA =

= 6 .0 q

Mk =

q 1.52
= 1.125q
2

T =0
RB q x = 0
x=

RB 2.0q
=
= 2.0m
q
q

M max = 2.0 q 2.0

q 2.02
= 4.0q 2.0q = 2.0q
2

Normalna naprezanja
W =

md

14 20 2
= 933cm3
6
= 1000 N / cm 2

m =

M max
W

M max = m W

M max = 1000 933 = 933000 Ncm = 9.33kNm

M max = 2.0q = 9.33
qmax = 4.66kN / m

Posmina naprezanja
14 203
Ix =
= 9333cm4
12
102
S x = 14
= 700cm3
2

mdop = 90 N / cm2
T Sx
=
Ix b

Tmax =

dop I x b
Sx

90 9333 14
700

Tmax = 16800 N = 16.8kN

Tmax = 2.5q = 16.8

q = 6.72 kN / m '

Progibi
-konzola
f dop =

150
= 0.5cm
300

c 2 (4l + 3c) l 3
0.5 = q c
24 EI x
0.5 24 1000 9333
= 0.0184kN / cm
150 (4 450 + 3 150) 150 450 3
q = 1.84kN / m
q=

-polje
f dop = l / 200 =

2.25 =
q=

450
= 2.25cm
200

ql 2
(5l 2 12c 2 )
384 EI x

2.25 384 E I x
2.25 384 1000 9333
=
2
2
2
l (5l 12c ) 450 2 (5 450 2 12 150 2 )

q = 0.054kN / cm = 5.4kN / m

Najvee doputeno optereenje (progib konzole) q = 1,84 kN/m'.

2. Odrediti maksimalnu uzdunu tlanu silu koju moe preuzeti tap sa skice.
N1 = 1220 N

avli: B 55/160
Materijal: etinari II klase

cd = 850 N / cm 2
E = 1000000 N / cm 2

A1 = 8 20 = 160 cm 2
A2 = 12 20 = 240 cm 2

Ai =
Yt =

400 cm2

Ai yi 240 14 + 160 4 3360 + 640

=
=
= 10cm
Ai
400
400

a)
Iy =

Izvijanje oko materijalne osi (y-y)

8 203 12 203
+
= 5340 + 8000 = 13340cm 4
12
12

ili I y =
iy =

20 203
= 13340cm 4
12
Iy

y =

13340
= 5.78cm
400

li 400
=
= 70
i y 5.78

y = 1.64

N
Ai

N y max =

cd Ai
y

N y max =

850 400
= 207300 N
1.64

cy = y

N y max = 207 .3kN

b)

Izvijanje oko slobodne osi (x-x)

I1x =

20 83
= 853cm4
12

I2x =

20 123
= 2880cm 4
12

10
= 5.0cm
2
a1 = 6cm

e =

a2 = 4cm

kx =

kx =

E A1 A2 e
2

lix2 ( A1 + A2 ) c

c = 6000
= 2.94 d
(d u cm)
= 2.94 0.55 = 1.617
c = 6000 1.617 = 9702 N / cm

2 1000000 160 240 5

4002 (160 + 240) 9702

kx = 3.05

1
1
=
= 0.274
1 + k x 1 + 3.05

I x = I1xi + I 2 xi + Ai a12
I x = 853 + 2880 + 0.247 (160 62 + 240 42 )
I x = 853 + 2880 + 2371 = 6104cm 4
ix =

I x
6104
=
= 3.91cm
400
Ai

x =
N x max =

li
400
=
= 103 > 60
ix 3.91

cd Ai 850 400
=
= 99400 N
3.42
x

N x max = 99.4kN

x = 3.42

c)

avli

Maksimalna poprena sila:

Tmax =

x N
60 I x

( x > 60 )

Posmina sila u spojnoj ravnini (/cm):

t max =

e =

Tmax Si x N Si
=
I x
60 I x

N1dop
t max

t max =

N=

N1dop 60 I x
e x Si

N=

1220 60 6104
= 110200 N
5 3.42 0.247 960

N1dop
e

Si = 160 6 = 960cm 3

N = 110.2kN
Maksimalna sila koju moe preuzeti tap je 99.4 kN.

N=

t max 60 I x
x Si

3. Potrebno je odrediti maksimalnu uzdunu tlanu silu, koju moe preuzeti tap sa slike:

B 55/160
lmin = 8 + 12 0.55 = 14.6cm < 16cm

N1 = 1220 N
5d = 5 0.55 = 2.75cm
10d = 10 0.55 = 5.5cm

a)

Materijalna os (y y)

8 203
= 10667cm 4
12
A = 2 8 20 = 320cm 2

Iy = 2

iy =

10667
= 5.77cm
320

y =

li
400
=
= 69
i y 5.77

c = y

N
A

y = 1.61
N max =

cd A
y

850 320
= 168900 N
1.61
= 168.9kN

N max =
N max

b)

Slobodna os (x x)
A1 = 8 20 = 160cm 2
i1 = 0.289 8 = 2.31cm

1 =

lokalna vitkost

l1 120
=
= 51.2
i1 2.31

l1 osna udaljenost kladica

A = 2 160 = 320cm
Ix =

20 283 20 123

= 36587 2880 = 33707cm 4

12
12

ili

20 83
+ 2 8 20 102 = 1707 + 32000 = 33707cm 4
12
33707
I
= 10.3
ix = x =
320
A
400
l
x = i =
= 38.8
ix 10.3
Ix = 2

x = 2x + s

m 2
1
2

m = 2 (broj kontinuiranih elemenata)

s tablica 18 HRN za avle = 3.0

vitkost itavog tapa

2
2

x = 38.82 + 3.0 51.22 = 97 > 60

x = 3.04
c = x

N
A

N max =

cd A
A 850 320
= N max = cd
=
x
x
3.04

N max = 89470 N
N max = 89.47kN
c)

spajala
max. poprena sila:

Tmax =

x N max
60

posmina sila:
t=

Tmax l1 x N max l1
=
2a1
60 2 a1

doputena posmina sila (nosivost avala)

t dop = 1220 32 = 39000 N

N max =

t dop 60 2 a1

x l1

39000 60 2 10
=
3.04 120

N max = 128000 N
N max = 128kN

Doputena sila: N max = 89.47kN

4. Smodena greda

-etinari II klase

cd = 850 N / cm 2
md = 1000 N / cm 2
= 90 N / cm 2
md

-modanici: hrastovina I klasa

d = 120 N / cm2
cd = 1200 N / cm2
M =
Tmax

7.0 7.52
= 49.22kNm
8
7 .0 7 .5
= RA = RB =
= 26.25kN
2

c 0.1h 2.6 usvojeno

2.5cm
3 T
3 26250
m = max =
2 b h 2 20 52
m = 38 N / cm2

c
2.5
=
cd
750 = 49.3 usvojeno
46cm
m
38

- HRN U.C9.200 13.2.10.)

( cd

2.5
c
=
cd
750 = 15.6 usvojeno
16cm

d
120

2.5
c
=
cd
750 = 20.8
1d
90
s usvojeno (46-16) 30cm > 20.8cm
16
=
= 6.4 > 5
c 2.5
s=

-Vijci:
Max. sila na elu modanika
Fmax = b m = 46 20 38 = 34960 N
Nosivost:
= 2.5 20 750 = 37500 N
-na elo:
c b cd
-posmik modanika:
b d = 16 20 120 = 38400 N

= 30 20 90 = 54000 N
s b md

-posmik greda:
Max. vlana sila u vijku:
2c
2 2.5
Fmax =
34960
V=

16
V = 10925 N

10925
= 1.1cm2
10000
odabrano
M16 An = 1.41cm 2
7.50
l = 7.50
= 1.50
5
An potr =

Presjek A: 1.5m od leaja:

TA = 2.25
TA = 15.75

26.25
3.75

3 1750
= 23 N / cm 2
2 20 52
2 .5
1 =
750 = 82cm usvojeno
76cm
23
= 16cm
s1 = 76 16 = 60cm

=
mA

Fmax = 76 20 23 = 34960 N
VA =

2 2.5
34960 = 10925 = V
16

odabrano: M16
-Dokaz napona i progiba priblian raun
-slabljenje od vijaka:
20 1.7
(2 26) 2 = 8247cm3
6
20 1.7
IX =
(2 26)3 = 214427cm 4
6

WX =

-slabljenje od modanika zanemarivo

m =

1 M
1 4922000
1

=
597
WX 0.8 8247
0.8

m = 746 N / cm2 < 1000 N / cm2

5 ql 4
5
70 7504

384 EI 384 1000000 214427 0.8

750
f = 1.7cm <
= 2.5cm
300
f =

Dokaz napona i progiba toniji proraun:

A1 = A2 = 20 26 = 520cm2
A1n = A1 1.7 26 = 520 44.2 = 475cm2

20 263
I1 =
= 29290cm 4
12
(20 1.7) 263
I1n =
= 26800cm 4
12
S1 = 520 13 = 6760cm3

Nosivost modanika:
na elo: 37500N
smicanje: 38400N
e = = 46cm
N dop > 30kN
c = 300000
k=

2 E A1 A2 e
l 2 c ( A1 + A2 )

2 1000000 520 520 46

750 2 300000 (2 520)

k = 0 .7
1
1
=
=
= 0.59
1 + k 1 + 0. 7

I f = 2 ( I 1 + A1 a12 )
I f = 2 (29290 + 0.59 520 13 2 ) = 162280cm 4

m =

M
A h I
( a1 1 1 1 )
If
A1n 2 I1n

4922000
520 13 29290

(0.59 13
)
162280
475 2 26800
m = 30.33 (8.40 7.1) =

m =

470 N / cm 2
< md = 1000 N / cm 2

2
40 N / cm

f =

5 ql 4
5
70 7504

384 EI f 384 1000000 162280

f = 1.8cm <

750
= 2.5cm
300

5. Smodena greda

-etinari II klase

cd = 850 N / cm 2
md = 1000 N / cm 2
= 90 N / cm 2
md

-modanici: hrastovina I klasa

d = 120 N / cm2
cd = 1200 N / cm2
7.0 7.52
M =
= 49.22kNm
8
7 .0 7 .5
Tmax = RA = RB =
= 26.25kN
2

T S
I b
20 483
= 184320cm 4
I=
12

m =

Presjek: x-x:
242
S x x = 20
= 5760cm3
2

x x m

26250 5760
= 41N / cm 2 < 90 N / cm 2
184320 20

Presjek n-n:
162
= 2560cm3
S n n = 20
2
26250 2560

= 19 N / cm 2
n n m =
184320 20
cd = 750 N/cm2
c = 2.5 cm
c
2 .5
=
c =
750 = 98 usvojemo

100cm

m
19

=
s=

2.5
c
=
cd
750 = 15.6 usvojeno
20cm
d
120

2.5
c
=
cd
750 = 20.8cm < 100 20 = 80cm

md
90

20
=8>5
2.5

-Vijci:
Max. sila na elu modanika
Fmax = bn n m = 100 20 19 = 38000 N
Nosivost:
= 2.5 20 750 = 37500 N
c b cd
-na elo:
-posmik modanika:
b d = 20 20 120 = 48000 N
= 80 20 90 = 144000 N
s b md
-posmik greda:

Max. vlana sila u vijku:

2c
2 2.5
V=
Fmax =
38000
20

V = 9500 N

9500
= 0.95cm2
10000
odabrano
M16 An = 1.41cm 2
7.50
l = 7.50
= 1.50
5
An potr =

Presjek A: 1.5m od leaja:

TA = 2.25

26.25
3.75

TA = 15.75

3 1750

= 24.6 N / cm 2
2 20 48
2 .5
1 =
750 = 76.2cm usvojeno
75cm
24.6
= 15cm
s1 = 75 15 = 60cm

=
mA

Fmax = 75 20 24.6 = 36900 N

VA =

2 2.5
36900 = 12300 = V
15

-Dokaz napona i progiba priblian raun

-slabljenje od vijaka:
20 1.7
482 = 7027cm3
6
20 1.7
IX =
483 = 168652cm 4
6

WX =

-slabljenje od modanika :
20
I=
(483 213 + 113 ) = 171103cm 4
12
ili
20 13.53
20 113
+ 2
+ 2 20 13.5 17.252
12
12
I = 2218 + 8201 + 160684
I=

I = 171103cm 4
W=

171103
= 7130cm3
24

Mjerodavno slabljenje vijcima:

W = 7027cm3
I = 168652cm 4

m =

1 M
1 4922000

WX 0.6 7027

m = 1167 N / cm 2 > 1000 N / cm 2

5 ql 4
5
70 750 4

384 EI 384 1000000 168652 0.6

750
f = 2.9cm <
= 3.75cm
200
f =

Dokaz napona i progiba toniji proraun:

A1 = 20 16 = 320cm2
A1n = (20 1.7) 16 = 293cm2
20 163
= 6827cm 4
12
(20 1.7) 163
= 6246cm 4
I1n =
12
I1 =

Nosivost modanika
N dop > 30kN
c = 300000

k=

2 E A1 e
l2 c

2 1000000 320 100

750 2 300000

k = 1.87
1
1
=
=
= 0.35
1 + k 1 + 1.87

I f = 2 I i + Ai a12
20 16 3
+ 0.35 2 320 16 2 = 20480 + 57344
12
I f = 77824cm 4
I f = 3

HRN U.C9 -10.4.3.

mh =

M hh I h
4922000 16 6827
)=

I f 2 I hn
77824 2 6246

mh = 553N / cm2 < 1000 N / cm2

m1 =

M
A h I
( a1 1 1 1 )
If
A1n 2 I1n

4922000
320 16 6827

(0.35 16
)
77824
293 2 6246
m = 63.25 (6.12 8.74) =

m1 =

940 N / cm 2
< md = 1000 N / cm 2

2
166 N / cm

Teini napon:

c1
320
A
4922000
M
= a1 1 =
0.35 16
t1
293
A1n
77824
If
c1
= 387 N / cm2 < 850 N / cm2
t1

Posmina sila n-n / cm :

tf =

T
26250
S1 =
0.35 20 16 16
If
77824

S1 = A1 a1 = 20 16 16 = 5120cm3
t f = 605 N / cm
= 2.5 20 850 = 42500 N
N1 = c b cd

2 N1 = b dop = 20 20 120 = 48000 N

= 80 20 90 = 144000 N
N1 = s b mdop

N mjerodavno =1 N1 = 42500 N
e =

N mj.
tf

42500
= 70cm < = 100cm
605

Potrebno je smanjiti razmak

Usvojene nove dimenzije:
c = 2.5cm
= 15cm
s = 55 15 = 40cm
= 55cm
15

=6>5
2.5
2 1000000 320 55
k=
= 1.03
750 2 300000
k = 1.03
1
1
=
=
= 0.493
1 + k 1 + 1.03
c

20 163
+ 0.45 2 320 162 = 20480 + 80770 = 101250cm 4
12
4922000 16 6827
mh =

101250 2 6246
mh = 425 N / cm2 < 1000 N / cm 2
4922000
320 16 6827

m1 =
(0.493 16
)
101250
293 2 6246
m1 = 48.6 (8.62 8.74) =
I f = 3

844 N / cm 2
2

< md = 1000 N / cm
2
6 N / cm

 c1
4922000
320
=
0.493 16
= 419 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
t1
101250
293
tf =

26250
0.493 20 16 16 = 661N / cm
101250

N1 = 42500 N

N1 = 15 20 120 = 36000 N
N mj .

N1 = 40 20 90 = 72000 N

e =

36000
= 54.5 = 55cm
661

Kontrola u n. o.
T =

max m

Tmax
( S1 + S1)
bIf

26250
(0.493 20 16 16 + 20 8 4)
20 101250
2
2

maxTm = 41N / cm < 90 N / cm

T =

max m

Progib:
f =

5 ql 4
5
70 7504

384 EI f 384 1000000 101250

f = 2.9cm <

750
= 3.75cm
200

6. Smodena greda

Materijal: etinari II klase

cd = 850 N / cm 2
md = 1000 N / cm 2
= 90 N / cm 2
md

Spajala: patentni modanici Geka 95 / 30cm

7.0 7.52
M =
= 49.22kNm
8
7 .0 7 .5
Tmax = RA = RB =
= 26.25kN
2

Geka 95

N dop = 21.00kN

(kod ovakvih nosaa u raun se uvodi Ndop za jedan modanik)

e = e = 30cm

A1 = A2 = 16 26 = 416cm 2
A1n = (16 2.3) 26 A
A = 5.6cm 2
A1n = 356.2 5.6 = 350.6cm 2

Vijci M22

16 263
= 23435cm 4
12
1
I1n = (16 2.3) 263 5.6 12.52
12
I1n = 20066 875 = 19191cm 4
I1 =

k=

2 E A1 A2 e
l 2 c ( A1 + A2 )

2 1000 416 416 30

750 2 225 (2 416)

k = 0.487
1
1
=
=
= 0.673
1 + k 1 + 0.487

A1 a12 = 416 132 = 70304cm 4

I f = I i + Ai ai2

I f = 2 23435 + 2 0.673 70304 = 141499cm 4

S1 = 416 13 = 5408cm3
M
A h I
m1 = ( a1 1 1 1 )
If
A1n 2 I1n

4922000
416 26 23435
(0.673 13
+

)
141499
350.6 2 19191
2
2
max m1 = 914 N / cm < 1000 N / cm
max

m1 =

m =

Tmax
St
b2 I f

h2 b
St = t 2
2

(HRN U. C9. 200 10.4.3.)

h2
+ a2
2
ht = 13 + 0.673 13 = 21.75cm
ht =

21.752 16
St =
2
St = 3784cm3

Smicanje u n. o.:

m =

26250
3784 = 44 N / cm 2 < 90 N / cm 2
16 141499

Spajala:
tf =

Tmax S1 26250 0.673 5408

=
If
141499

t f = 675 N / cm
e potr =

21000
= 31.1cm > e = 30cm
675

Progib:
5 ql 4
5
70 750 4
f =

384 EI 384 1000000 141499

750
f = 2.1cm <
= 2.5cm
300

m =

A h I
M
( a1 1 1 1 )
A1n 2 I1n
If

m1 = 914 N / cm 2
416 26 23435
4922000
m2 =

)
(0.673 13
350.6 2 19191
141499
m 2 = 34.8 (10.4 15.9)
max

m 2 = 192 N / cm 2

7. Ojaana greda

-etinari II klase
12 243
= 13824cm 4
12
13824
WX =
= 1152cm3
12
4.0 5.0 2
M=
= 12kNm
8
1
T = 4.0 5.0 = 10.00kN
2
IX =

1200000
= 1042 N / cm 2 > 1000 N / cm 2
1152
10000
= 53N / cm 2 < 90 N / cm 2
m = 1.5
12 24
5
40.0 500.0 4
500
f =

= 2.4cm >
= 1.7cm
384 1000000 13824
300

m =

Prekoraen doputeni progib i md .

Greda ojaana prema skici:

1. varijanta ojaanja:

Bueni avli B 46/130

N dop = 905 N
l potr . = 6 + 12d = 6 + 12 0.46 11.52 < 13cm
5d = 5 0.46 = 2.3cm
10d = 10 0.46 = 4.6cm
10
= 3.33cm
3
A1 = 6 18 = 108cm 2

e =

A2 = 12 24 = 288cm 2
A = 396cm 2
108 27 + 24 12
yT =
= 16.1cm
396
30 16.1 = 13.9cm
2 E A1 A2 e
c = 6000 2.94 0.46 = 8114
k=
l2 A c
2 1000000 108 288 3.33
= 1.27
k=
500 2 396 8114
1
=
= 0.441
1+ k

12 243 18 63
+
+ 0.441 (108 10.9 2 + 288 4.12 )
12
12
I f = 13824 + 324 + 7794 = 21942cm 4
If =

h2
24
+ a2 =
+ 0.441 4.1
2
2
ht = 13.81cm
ht =

m =
1

h
M
1200000
6
( a1 + 1 ) =
(0.441 10.9 + )
If
2
21942
2

m = 427 N / cm 2 < 1000 N / cm 2

1

m =
2

h
M
1200000
24
( a 2 + 2 ) =
(0.441 4.1 + )
2
If
21942
2

m = 756 N / cm 2 < 1000 N / cm 2

2

c =
1

M
1200000
a1 =
0.441 10.9
If
21942

c = 263N / cm2 < 850 N / cm 2

1

t =
2

M
1200000
a2 =
0.441 4.1
If
21942

t = 99 N / cm2 < 850 N / cm2

2

S1 = 108 10.91 = 1178cm 3

S2 =

ht2 b2
h b
13.812 12
= ( a 2 + 2 ) 2 =
= 1143cm 3
2
2 2
2

Posmik n. o.

max m

10000 1143
= 44 N / cm 2 < 90 N / cm 2
12 21942

avli
10000 0.441 1178
tf =
= 237 N / cm
21942
N
905
edop = dop =
= 3.8cm > e = 3.33cm
tf
237

Progib
5 ql 4
5
40 5004
f =

384 EI f 384 1000000 21942

f = 1.5cm <

500
= 1.7cm
300

2. varijanta ojaanja

B 55/160
N dop = 1220 N
l potr . = 8 + 12 0.55 = 14.6 < 16cm
5d = 5 0.55 = 2.75
10d = 10 0.55 = 5.5
6 .0
e =
= 3.0cm
2
A1 = 12 24 = 288cm 2
A2 = 12 8 = 96cm 2
A = 384cm 2
288 20 + 96 4
yT =
384
yT = 16cm

k=

2 E A1 A2 e
l2 A c

c = 6000 2.94 0.55 = 9702

2 1000000 288 96 3.0

= 0.878
500 2 384 9702
1
1
=
=
= 0.533
1 + k 1 + 0.878
12 8 3 12 24 3
If =
+
+ 0 . 533 ( 288 4 2 + 96 12 2 )
12
12
I f = 512 + 13824 + 9824 = 24160 cm 4
k=

ht =

h1
24
+ a1 =
+ 0.533 4 = 14.1cm
2
2

m =
1

1200000
24
(0.533 4 + ) = 702 N / cm 2 < 1000 N / cm 2
24160
2

m =

1200000
24
(0.533 4 ) = 490 N / cm 2 < 1000 N / cm 2
24160
2

m =

1200000
8
(0.533 12 + ) = 517 N / cm 2 < 1000 N / cm 2
24160
2

m =

1200000
8
(0.533 12 ) = 119 N / cm 2 < 1000 N / cm 2
24160
2

c =
1

t =
2

1200000
0.533 4 = 106 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
24160

1200000
0.533 12 = 318 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
24160

S1 = 228 4 = 912cm3
ht2 b 14.12 12
S2 =
=
= 1193cm3
2
2

Posmik n. o.

max m

10000 1193
= 42 N / cm 2 < 90 N / cm 2
12 24160

avli
10000 0.533 912
tf =
= 202 N / cm
24160
1220
edop =
= 6.0cm > 3.0cm
202
Progib
5 ql 4
5
40 5004
f =

384 EI f 384 1000000 24160

f = 1.4cm <

500
= 1.7cm
300

8. Potrebno je odrediti najvee optereenje q koje moe preuzeti nosa sa skice.

Popreni presjek nosaa:

Materijal:
Rebra: etinari II klase
Pojasevi: graevinska furnirska ploa
Ljepilo: rezorcinsko ( dop = 60 N / cm2 )

l = 450cm
-rubna rebra

b 0.4 b + b1 = 0.4 34 + 8 = 21.6cm

b 0.6b = 0.6 34 = 20.4cm
= 0.7 20.4 = 14.28cm
bra
h=

700
= 0.7
1000

8 143
14.28 3.03
+ 22
+ 2 2 14.28 3.0 8.52 = 3658.7 + 128.5 + 12380.8
12
12
I R = 16168cm 4
IR = 2

Nosivost preko normalnih naprezanja od savijanja

-rubno naprezanje pojas

cd = 1300 N / cm 2

= h

M dop =

M
10 M
M
= 0.7
= 0.7
cd
16168
IR
16168
h
10
2

cd 16168
0.7 10

= 3002628.6 Ncm

M dop = 30.03kNm
qdop =

8 30.03
= 11.86kN / m
4.52
-teino naprezanje pojas

cdop 800 N / cm 2
= h

M dop =
M dop

M
8.5 M
= 0.7
cdop
IR
16168
8.5

cdop I R

0 .7 8 .5
= 21.74kNm

qdop =

800 16168
= 2173848 Ncm
0 .7 8 .5

8 21.74
= 8.59kN / m
4 .5 2

-rubno naprezanje-rebro

cd = 1000 N / cm 2
=

M 7M
=
cdop
IR
IR
7

M dop =
M dop

cd I R

7
= 23.1kNm

qdop =

1000 16168
= 2309714 Ncm
7

8 23.1
= 9.12kN / m
4.52
-posmik - drvo

dop = 90 N / cm2
=

Tmax S X
dop
I R b1

S X = 28.56 3.0 8.5 + 2 8

Tmax =
qdop =

dop 16168 2 8
1120.3

72
= 728.3 + 392 = 1120.3cm3
2

= 20782 N = 20.78kN

2 Tmax 2 20.78
=
= 9.24kN / m
l
4 .5

-posmik ljepilo

dop = 60 N / cm2
=

Tmax S X
I R b1

S X = 28.56 3.0 8.5 = 728.3cm3

60 16168 2 8
= 21312 N = 21.31kN
728.3
2 21.31
=
= 9.47 kN / m
4 .5

Tmax =
qdop

-progib
5 q l4
450
l
< f dop =
=
= 1.5cm

f =
384 E1 I R
300 300
qdop =

384 f dop E1 I R
5l

384 1.5 1000000 16168

5 4504

q dop = 45.4 N / cm = 4.5kN / m

9. Odredite najvee optereenje koje moe preuzeti nosa sa skice:

Graa: etinari II klase

Lijepljena izvedba

ljepila, dop = 60 N / cm2

f dop = l / 300

f2 =

ql 2
(5l 2 24c 2 )
384 EI

RA = RB =

QAl = q
QAd = 2.2q

q 6 .4
= 3 .2 q
2

q 3.2
+ 3.2 q 2.2
2
= 5.12q + 7.04q

M 2 = M max =
M max

M max = 1.92q
A)

Normalni napon

20 40 3
20 3
25
= 106667 6667
12
12
I = 100000cm 4
I=

W=

100000
= 5000cm3
20

M
W

M max = md W

19200 q = 1000 5000

1000 5000
19200
qdop = 260 N / cm
q=

qdop = 26.0kN / m

B)

Progib
f dop =

l
440
=
= 1.46cm
300 300

q l2
(5l 2 24c 2 )
384 EI
1.46 384 EI
= 2 2
l (5l 24c 2 )

1.46 =
qdop

1.46 384 1000000 100000

440 2 (5 4402 24 100 2 )
= 397 N / cm

qdop =
qdop

qdop = 39.70kN / m

C)

Posmik n.o.

S = 20 10 15 + 10 10 5
S = 3000 + 500 = 3500cm3

QS
I b

220 q =

q dop =

Qmax =

dop I b
S

90 100000 10
3500

90 100000 10
= 117 N / cm
3500 220

q dop = 11.70 kN / m

D)

Posmik - ljepilo
S = 20 10 15 = 3000 cm 3

QS
I b

Qmax =

dop ,lj I b

60 100000 10
3000
60 100000 10
=
= 91N / cm
3000 220

220q =
q dop

q dop = 9.1kN / m

Mjerodavno qdop = 9.1kN / m

10. Izraunajte najvee optereenje koje moe preuzeti nosa na slici:

Materijal:

Piljena graa etinara II kl. (lijepljena izvedba)

Ljepilo:

rezorcin

A1 = 5 25 =
A2 = 5 20 =
A3 = 5 15 =

125cm 2

A=

100cm 2
75cm 2

300 cm2

125 27.5 + 100 15 + 75 2.5

= 17.1cm
300
25 53 5 203 15 53
I=
+
+
+ 125 10.4 2 + 75 14.6 2 + 100 2.12
12
12
12
I = 260 + 3333 + 156 + 13520 + 15987 + 441
yT =

I = 33700cm4

WG = 2610cm3
WD = 1970cm3
S = 125 10.4 + 5 7.92

1
= 1300 + 156
2

S = 1456cm3
ili
S = 75 14.6 + 5 12.12

1
= 1095 + 366
2

S = 1461cm3
Progib
l
500
=
= 2.5cm
200 200
5
q 5004

= 2.5
384 1000 33700
f dop =

q = 0.1kN / cm

Posmik
T S
=
I b
T 1456
90 =
33700 5
Tdop = 10.41kN
T=

q 5 .0
2

Savijanje
M
=
W

19.7 =

10.35kN/m

T = 10410 N

q = 4.2kN / m

M = Wmin = 1000 1970

M = 1970000 Ncm
M = 19.7 kNm

q 5.02
8

q = 6.3kN / m

Ljepilo
Gore:

S = 125 10.4 = 1300 cm 3

T 1300
60 =
33700 5
T = 7770 N

T = 7.77kN
q = 3.1kN / m
Dolje:

S = 75 14.6 = 1095cm 3
T 1095
60 =
33700 5
T = 9233N

T = 9.23kN
q = 3.7 kN / m
Najvee optereenje koje moe preuzeti nosa: q = 3.1kN / m

11. Lijepljeni nosa

Pojasevi piljeno, etinari II klase E=1000kN/cm2

Hrbat perploa d=14mm E=700kN/cm2
G=30kN/cm2
5.2 13.02
M=
= 109.85kNm
8
5.2 13
RA = RB =
= 33.80kN
2
n=

EH
700
=
= 0.70
EP 1000

12 123
1.4 903
+ 12 12 39 2 ) + 2
0.70
12
12
I X = 441504 + 119070 = 560574cm 4
IX = 2 (

S X = 12 12 39 + 2 0.7 1.4
S1 = 12 12 39 = 5616cm3

Rubni napon pojas

452
= 7600cm3
2

560574
= 12457 cm3
45
10985000
m =
= 882 N / cm 2 < 1000cm 2
12457

W=

Teini napon pojas

560574
= 14373cm3
39
10985000
c =
= 764 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
14373

W=

Rubni napon hrbat

m =

10985000
0.7 = 617 N / cm 2 < 900 N / cm 2
12457

Smicanje od poprene sile

-u neutralnoj osi:

m =

33800 7600
T SX
= 164 N / cm 2 < 180 N / cm 2
=
I X b 560574 2 1.4

-u lijepljenoj reki:

lj =

33800 5616
= 14 N / cm 2 < 60 N / cm 2
560574 2 12

Bona stabilnost ( a =

13.00
= 2.16m)
6

Razmak vertikalnih rebara i bonog pridranja

a = 216cm

(osni razmak vertikalnih rebara za stabilizaciju hrpta)

bpojasa : 12 + 2 1.4 0.7 = 13.96cm

i yp = 0.289 13.96 = 4.03cm
40 i yp = 40 4.03 = 161.2cm < a = 260cm

(Ako je 40i yp > a dokaz ne treba HRN U.C9. 200 10.10.1.3.)

216
= 54
4.03
yp = 1.30

yp =

Prema HRN U.C9.200 10.10.1.3.:

dop =

1.26 c

p
y

1.26 850
= 823N / cm2
1.30

c = 764 N / cm2 < 823N / cm2

Dokaz progiba
AH = 2 1.4 90 = 252cm 2

f =

5 ql 4
M

+
384 EI X GAH

5
52 1300 4
10985000

+
384 1000000 560574 30000 252
1300
l
f = 3.5 + 1.5 = 6.0cm < f dop =
=
= 6.5cm
200 200
f =

Stabilnost hrpta

E X = E = 700kN / cm 2
EY = E = 300kN / cm 2

G = 30kN / cm 2
c

+ ( m ) 2 0.4
.
ckrit. mkrit

c = 617 N / cm 2
m = 164 N / cm2
kr = kb

2
ta

ckr = kb

4 ( EI )3X ( EI )Y

( EI ) X ( EI )Y
t a2
E d 3 700000 1.43
( EI ) X = X
=
= 160066 Ncm
12
12
E d 3 300000 1.43
( EI )Y = Y
=
= 68600 Ncm
12
12
( EI ) X 216 4 160066
l
=

= 3.42
1 = 4
78
68600
a ( EI )Y

2 =

30000 1.43
G d3
=
= 0.131
6 ( EI ) X ( EI )Y 6 160066 68600

HRN U.C9.200. 11.1 dijagram

Savijanje: = 1
kb 15.0

ckr = 15.0

1.4 78
Smicanje po obodu:

kr = 4.0

2
1.4 78.0
2

160066 68600 = 1820 N / cm 2

kb 4.0

4 1600663 68600 = 600 N / cm2

617 164
+
= 0.34 + 0.07 = 0.41 0.4
1820 600

12. Podronica

lB = lC = lD
lB 5.0
=
= 1.11 < 1.20
l A 4 .5

5.00 3.52
= 7.7 kNm = M max
8
5.0 3.02
= M 0C = M 0 D =
= 5.63kNm
8

M0A =
M 0B

14/20

I X = 9333cm4
WX = 933cm3

M max 770000
=
= 825 N / cm 2 < 1000 N / cm2
W
933
4
5 ql A
5
50 3504
350
fA =

= 1.1cm <
= 1.75cm
384 EI X 384 1000000 9333
200

m max =

f B = fC = f D =

5
50 3004
300

= 0.6cm <
= 1.5cm
384 1000000 9333
200

3 .5
+ 1.0) = 13.75kN = H A
2

Polje A

S A = 5. 0 (

Polja B, C, D

S B , C , D = 5 .0 (

3 .0
+ 1.0) = 12.5kN = H B ,C , D
2

Ruke 10/10
R
S max
= S AR 2 = 13.75 2 = 19.50kN

liR = 100 2 = 141cm

i = 0.289 10 = 2.89cm

R =

141
= 49
2.89

c = 1.23

= 1.23

19500
= 240 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
10 10

Kosnik 12/12
lik = 1.02 + 3.52 = 3.65m
i = 0.289 12 = 3.46cm

k =

365
= 106 < 150
3.46

k = 3.62

S = 12.50kN
100
tg =
350
= 16
S
12.50
=
cos cos16
S k = 13.00kN
Sk =

c = 3.62

13000
= 327 N / cm2 < 850 N / cm2
12 12

Stupovi 14/14

3.5
= 8.75kN
2
= 13.75 + 12.50 = 26.25kN

S Al = 5.00
S A B

S B C = SC D = 12.50 + 12.50 = 25.00kN

S Dd = 0

Stup Al

lix = liy = 3.50

ix = i y = 0.289 14 = 4.05

x = y =

350
= 87
4.05

c = 2.45

x = y = 2.45

8750
= 110 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
14 14

Stup A B
14 3
= 457 cm 3
6
k = 1.00 kN

Wx = W y =

M =

1.00 2.5 1.0

= 0.72 kNm
3 .5

liy = li max = 3.50m

350
= 87
4.05
= 2.45

y = max =
y = max

26250
72000
0.85
14 14
457
c = 330 135 = 465 N / cm2 < 850 N / cm2

c = 2.45

Stup B C ; C D

M =0

Hl = H d

S B C = SC D = 25.00kN

c = 2.45

25000
= 313N / cm2 < 850 N / cm2
14 14

13. Ojaana greda

20/34 + 2 NPU 20
-etinari II klase
- 0361 (N 24)

M max

10.0 8.0 2
=
= 80.00kNm
8

Tmax = RA = RB =

Presjeci:

10.0 8.0
= 40.0kN
2

20/34 Drvo

2][NP 20 elik

A D = 680cm 2

A = 64.4cm 2

I XD = 65500cm 4

I X = 3820cm 4

WXD = 3850cm3

WX = 382cm3

E I 21000000 3820

= 1.225
ED I D
1000000 65500
1
1
qD =
q =
10.00 = 4.50kN / m
1+ k
1 + 1.225
k
1.225
q =
q =
10.00 = 5.50kN / m
1+ k
1 + 1.225
k=

M D = 36.00kNm

= 10.00kN / m

M = 44.00kNm
= 80.00kNm
3600000
= 936 N / cm 2 < 1000 N / cm 2
3850
4400000
=
= 11520 N / cm 2 < 14400 N / cm 2
382

md =
mc

5
45 8004
fD =

= 3.7cm
384 1000000 65500
5
55 8004
f =

= 3.7cm
384 21000000 3820

< f dop =

800
= 4.00cm
200

Vijci M12
N 1dop = d a d = 850 20 1.2 = 20400 N
N 2 dop = k d 2 = 3800 1.2 2 = 3800 1.2 2 = 5470 N
(min)

N dop = k N min
k = 1

90
= 0.75
360

eline vezice k = 1.25

N dop = k k N min = 0 . 75 1 . 25 5470 = 5130 N
e q = 2 N dop

(dvorezni)

Doputeni razmak:
2 N dop 2 5130
emin =
=
= 102.6cm
q
100

usvojeno

80cm

14. Upeti stup

Upeti stup

V = 50.0kN
H = 10.0kN
2. grupa optereenja

d = 0 d 1.15
Graa: II klasa etinara
Spajala: GEKA 80 jednostrani modanici
NPU 20
Vijci M20

lix = 2l = 2 4.00 = 8.00m

liy = l = 4.00m

( Stup pridran)

M = 10.0 4.0 = 40.00kNm

T = H = 10.00kN
20 40 3
= 106667cm 4
12
20 40 2
WX =
= 5333cm 3
6
A = 20 40 = 800cm 2
IX =

ix = 0.289 40 = 11.56cm
i y = 0.289 20 = 5.78cm

GEKA 80 jednostrani
F = 5.5cm 2

hd = 1.5cm

( 20

1 .5
) = 19.25cm
2

An = 20 40 4 5.5 2 2.1 40 = 610cm 2

1
(20 2 2.1) 403 4 5.5 19.252 = 78115cm 4
12
I
76115
Wn = n =
= 3806cm3
h
20
2
In =

Dokaz napona
-lokalno
50000 850 4000000
+

610
1000 3806
= 1.15 850 = 977 N / cm 2
c = 82 + 893 = 975 N / cm 2 cdop

c =

Izvijanje os X

x =

lix
800
=
= 69.2
ix 11.56

x = 1.64

50000 850 4000000

800
100
5333

x = 103 638 = 741N / cm 2 < cdop

x = 1.64

Izvijanje os Y

y =

400
= 69.2
5.78

y = 1.64

y = 741N / cm2 < cdop

Pomak
H l3
10000 4003
f =
=
3EI
3 1000000 106667
400
f = 2.0cm = f dop =
= 2.0cm
200

Upeti leaj

2 NPU20
2x8 GEKA 80 jednostrani
8 M20

50000 4000000

800
5333
t = 63 + 750 = 687 N / cm 2

c = 63 750 = 813 N / cm 2

40
x
=
1500 813

1
687 18.3 20.0 = 125721N
2
V = 125.72kN
V=

Nosivost jednog modanika

N1 = 1.15 15 = 17.25kN

125.72
= 7.3
17.25
-usvojeno 8 kom.
n=

-elini profili NPU 20

A = 32.2cm 2
An = 32.2 2 2.1 0.85 = 28.6cm2

125.72
= 4.4kN / cm2
28.6

Dubina sidrenja u temelju je u skladu sa odredbama PBAB-a.

x = 21.7cm

15. Potrebno je prikljuiti dijagonalni tap reetkastog nosaa na donji pojas.

D = 40.00kN

tv =

D
40000
=
= 3.57cm
4.00cm
700 b 700 16

ts =

4 .0
= 4.4cm
cos 25

dop25 = 850 (850 200) sin 25 = 575 N / cm 2

K = D cos

= 40000 cos 25 = 36250 N

36250
= 515 N / cm 2 < 575 N / cm 2
4.4 16

D cos = 40000 0.643 = 25720 N

25720
= 18.0cm
pot lv =
90 16
-odabrano 20cm
Rasuenje u reki:

d = 8 2.2 = 5.8cm
16 16 2
W=
= 683cm3
6

m =

40000 5.8
= 340 N / cm 2
683

i = 0.289 16 = 4.62cm

450
= 98
= 3.10
4.62

40000
= 485 N / cm 2
16 16
= 485 + 0.85 340 = 774 N / cm2 < cd = 850 N / cm2

D = 3.10

Proraun modanika: modanici hrastovina I klase dopm = 120 N / cm2

25720

F = 850 = 30.3cm
F = t b
F
30.3
= 1.9cm
t = =
P

16

Odabiremo dva modanika:

1 .9
= 0.95cm
2
t = 1.0cm
t=

25720

a = 120 16 = 13.4cm

a=

13.4
= 6.7cm
2

-odabiremo a=8.0cm amin = 6.7 t = 6.7 1.0 = 6.7cm < 8.0cm

25720

l = 90 16 = 17.9

l=

17.9
= 9.0cm
2

-odabiremo l=10cm

lmin = 9.0 t = 9.0 1.0 = 9.0cm < 10.0cm

Kontrola kladica:
N = 25720 N
M = 25720 2 = 51440 Ncm
16 62
= 96cm3
6
F = 6 16 = 96cm2
25720
51440
=
+ 0.85
= 724 N / cm2 < 850 N / cm2
96
96

WX =

16. Potrebno je prikljuiti dijagonalni tap reetkastog nosaa na donji pojas.

D = 80.00kN

= 36

tv =

D
80000
18
=
= 7.2cm > tvdop =
= 4.5cm
700 b 700 18
4

Postavimo kladicu i silu prenesemo na donji pojas modanicima.

D = 80000 N
H = D cos = 80000 0.81
H = 65000 N
A = D sin = 80000 0.587
A = 47000 N
K1 = D cos

= 80000 0.95 = 76000 N

Za preuzimanje sile H potrebna su 4 modanika Geka 90.

N = 4 19000 = 76000 N > H = 65000 N

Odabiremo drvo 8/18

vijci: M22
podlone ploice: 92 / 8

tv = 8.0cm
ts =

8.0
8.0
=
= 8.4cm
cos18 0.951

dop18 = 850 650 sin 18 = 650 N / cm 2

mn=

76000
=503N/cm2 < dop18
8.4 18

14
14
=
= 23.9cm
sin 36 0.587
K = tv ctg 36 = 8.0 ctg 36 = 11.0cm

c=

th = tv tg18 = 8.0 tg18 = 2.6cm

d = 23.9 2.6 11 = 10.3cm

Leaj

47000
= 175 N / cm 2 < dop = 200 N / cm 2
15 18

17. Prikljuak dijagonale na donji pojas moe se izvesti i kombinacijom zasjeka i

modanika.

S = 48000N

= 34

tv =

D
48000
16
=
= 4.9cm > tvdop =
= 4cm
700 b 700 14
4

odabiremo

tv = 4.0cm
ts =

4.0
= 4.2cm
cos17

th = tv tg / 2 = 4.0 tg17 = 1.2cm

b =

14
1.2 = 23.8cm
sin 34

Zasjek moe preuzeti:

c 17 = 850 650 sin 17 = 660 N / cm 2

D1 = 660 4.2 14 = 38800N

N = 48000 cos17 = 46000 N
N 2 = 46000 38800 = 7200 N

N 2 = 1.5 7200 = 10800N

(slabije spojno sredstvo)
Za prijenos sile N 2 uzimamo prstenasti Tuchscherer modanik 90.
N dop = 12000 N

Razmak 13 cm. To znai da bi trebali imati no 26 cm. Staviti emo modanik na 13 cm od

optereenog ruba.

lvpot =

H1
d b

S1 = N1

1
cos / 2

H 1 = S1 cos = N1

cos
0.892
= 38800
cos / 2
0.956

H 1 = 36200 N

lvpot =

36200
= 29cm
30cm
90 14

18. Treba prikljuiti dijagonalni tap reetkastog nosaa na donji pojas. Presjek dijagonale i
tapa donjeg pojasa 18/18 cm. Spoj izvesti sa zasjekom. Sila D = 110.00kN , = 42 .
D = 110.00kN
= 42
U = 81.70kN
A = 73.60kN

t vpot =
t vodabr .

D
110000
18
=
= 8.8cm 9.0cm > t vdop =
= 4.5cm
700 b 700 18
4
= 4.5cm

c 21 = 620 N / cm 2
D1 =

dop 21 tv b 620 4.5 18

=
= 57600 N
cos2 / 2
0.93362

D1 = 1.5 (110000 57600) = 78600 N

Silu D1 preuzimamo zasijecanjem - provjera dimenzija dijagonale:
li = 450cm
i = 0.289 h = 0.289 18
i = 5.20cm
450
= 87
5.2
= 2.45

c = 2.45

110000
= 830 N / cm 2 < tdop (850)
18 18

U prikljuku na donji pojas imamo stvarni napon:

c =

110000
= 340 N / cm 2 - nije iskoriten
18 18

Kontroliramo napon u osnovnom materijalu.

c =

110000
= 610 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
18 (18 2 4.0)

Sila koju moemo preuzeti zasijecanjem.

2 4.0 18 850 = 122400N > D1 = 78600N

Konstruktivni vijci 2 x M12
Kontrola reke m n

c =

D cos 2

2 = 110000 0.9336
tv b
4.5 38

c = 560 N / cm2 < c 21 dop = 620 N / cm2

lv1 pot . =

78600 1
= 25cm
90 18 2

Vezu sa donjim pojasom izvodimo pomou

modanika.
Treba preuzeti silu:

H = D1 cos = 78600 0.7431 = 58400N

odaberemo modanike
4 geka 80 4 17000 = 68000N

68000N > 55300N

lv 2 =

D cos
110000 0.7431
= 24cm
=
b
90 (18 + 10 + 10)

lv 2odabr . = 25cm
minimalne vezice 11/5 18/10
razmak modanika

l1 = 17cm

GEKA80, vijci M12

Dokaz da je modanike potrebno raunati na silu H, a ne na D1 :

K 2 = D sin

= 110000 0.3584 = 39400 N

c=

18.0
18.0
=
= 26.9cm
sin 0.6691

th = tv tg

= 4.5 0.3839 = 1.73cm

4.5
tv
=
= 0.1788
c th 26.9 1.73
= 108
tg =

d ( n o ) = (c th ) cos = ( 26.9 1.73) 0.984 = 24.8cm

dop ( 90 ) = 210 N / cm 2
N dop = 210 24.9 18 = 94400 N > 39400 N

Prema tome da i u reki n-o na vezicama nastane rasuivanje, moe oslabljena ploha preuzeti
cjelokupnu silu.
Aktiviranje nosivosti modanika na D1 silu moe nastati onda kada doe do deformacije na
osnovnom presjeku.

19. Treba prikljuiti dijagonalni tap reetkastog nosaa na donji pojas. Indirektan prijenos
sile sa kosnika na donji pojas moe se izvesti i vezicama. One tada rastereuju zasjek tako da
preuzimaju dio sile koji ne moe prenositi zasjek.

D = 63.00kN

= 36 .
D
63000
=
= 6.4cm
700 b 700 14
h 18
t v max = =
= 4.5cm
4 4
t vodabr . = 4.0cm
t vpot =

ts =

4. 0
4 .0
=
= 4.2cm
cos / 2 0.952

c18 = 850 650 sin 18 = 650 N / cm 2

Zasjek prenosi silu:

N1 = 650 4.2 14 = 38000 N

D1 =

N1
38000
=
= 40000 N
cos / 2 0.952

H1 preuzima lv u srednjem drvu

H2 preuzimaju avli
Silu na no zanemarujemo
Vezice trebaju preuzeti:

D2 = 63000 40000 = 23000N

Ovu silu prenosimo sa avlima

D2 = 1.5 23000 = 34500N

Uzimamo vezice debljine 2.4 cm i irine 16cm.
avli 34/90 bueni
DIN

s = 12d = 12 0.34 = 4.2cm

l = 4.2 + 2.4 = 6.6cm < 9cm

Nosivost avla N = 540N

34500
= 32kom
2 540
16
16
c=
=
= 16.8cm
cos18 0.952
n=

1
Fmp = 16.8 2.4 = 40.3cm 2
2

Ovdje moe biti preuzeta sila

N 2 = 2 Fmp 18 = 2 40.3 650
N 2 = 52400 N >> N 2 fakt

Sila H2 za raun avala iznosi:

H 2 = D2 cos = 23000 0.809 = 18600 N
H 2 = 1.5 18600 = 27900 N
n=

27900
= 26
2 540

Usvojeno 30 kom. avala na svaku stranu vezice.

lvpot =

D1 cos 40000 0.809

=
b dop
14 90

lvpot = 25.6
max. broj moguih nizova
r=

b
1
5 dn

a) kosnik
r=

16
1 = 8 .4
5 0.34

Usvojeno 6 nizova avala

b) donji pojas
r=

18
1 = 9 .6
5 0.34

usvojeno 6 nizova avala

Kod prorauna avala mogli smo raunati u prijenos i konstruktivne avle. Naime oni
prenose direktno silu na donji pojas. To bi bilo 2 6 540 = 6480N manje. To meutim slui
kao rezerva.

20. Dvostruka visulja

q = 5.0kN / m
P = 60kN

= 45

A = B = 0.4 q l = 0.4 5.0 3.0 = 6.00kN

R1 = R2 = 1.1 q l = 1.1 5.0 3.0 = 16.50kN
M max = M 1 = M 2 = 0.1 q l 2 = 0.1 5.0 3.02 = 4.5kNm

Kontrola:
2 6.0 + 2 16.50 = 45.00 = 5.0 9.0 = 45.00kN

Ukupna sila u voru:

P + R1 = P + R2 = 60.00 + 16.50 = 76.50kN

1
5.0 9.0 = 82.50kN
2
R A 82.50 6.00
S= A
=
= 108.20kN
sin 45
sin 45
R A
H= A
= 82.5 6.00 = 76.50kN
tg 45
R = H = 76.50kN
V = 76.50kN
RA = RB = 60.00 +

tap S kosnik 18/18

A = 324cm 2
li = 2 3.02 = 4.25m
i = 0.289 18 = 5.20
425
= 82
5.20
= 2.12
108200
c = 2.12
= 708 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
324

tap H greda zatega 18/18

A = 324cm 2

An = 0.85 324 = 275cm 2

W = 972cm3
Wn = 0.85 972 = 826cm3
765000
450000
t =
0.85
275
826
t = 278 463 = 741N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm2
tap R razupora 18/18
A = 324cm 2
li = 3.00m
300
= 1.38
=
= 58
5.20
76500
c = 1.38
= 326 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
324

tap V vertikala 14/18

A = 252cm 2
An = 0.85 252 = 214cm 2

t =

76500
= 358 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
214

21. Jednostruka visulja

q = 4.00kN / m
P = 112.00kN
2 .5
3
= 39.81
tg =

M C = 0.125 q l 2
RC = 1.25 q l

M C = 0.125 4.0 3.0 2 = 4.5kNm (vezna greda kontinuirana)

q = 4.00kN / m
Q = 4.0 6.0 = 24.00kN
P = 112.00kN
1
RA = RB = (112.00 + 24.00) = 68.00kN
2
( RC )

V = 1.25 4.0 3.0 = 15.00kN

P + V 112.00 + 15.00
=
= 99.20kN
2 sin
2 sin 39.81
P + V 112.00 + 15.00
=
= 76.20kN
H=
2tg
2 tg 39.81

S=

tap S kosnik 16/18

lS = 3.0 2 + 2.52 = 3.90m

A = 288cm 2
imin = 0.289 16 = 4.62

= 2.35

390
= 84
4.62

c = 2.35

99200
= 810 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
288

tap H vezna greda zatega 16/18

A = 288cm 2
An = 0.85 288 = 245cm 2

H = 76.20kN

W = 864cm

M = 4.50kNm

Wn = 0.85 864 = 735cm

76200
450000
t =
0.85
245
735
t = 311 520 = 831N / cm2 < 850 N / cm 2
3

tap V vertikala 16/16

A = 16 16 = 256cm2
An = 0.85 256 = 220cm2

t =

15000
= 68 N / cm2 < tdop
220

22. Reetkasti nosa

q = 4.0kN / m
P = 100kN

= 45

1
RA = RB = (100.00 + 4.00 5.00) = 60.00kN
2

H = 60.00kN
S = 2 60.002 = 85.00kN
1
V = 100.00 + 4.00 5.00 = 110.00kN
2

Svi elementi 16/16

A = 256cm 2
W = 683cm3

tap S kosnik

S = 85kN
i = 0.289 16 = 4.62cm
li = 2 2.52 = 3.54 m
354
= 2.10
=
= 77
4.62
85000
c = 2.1
= 700 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
256

tap H greda zatega

An = 0.85 256 = 218cm 2
4 .0 2 .5 2
= 3.125kNm
8
60000
312500
0.85
t =
218
683
t = 276 389 = 665 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm 2
M=

tap V vertikala

An = 0.85 256 = 218cm2

t =

110000
= 505 N / cm 2 < 850 N / cm2
218

23. Dimenzionirajte nosa sa skice ( vorovi B i D bono su pridrani).

Graa: Piljeno etinari II klase.

=0

CV 6.0 3.0 6.0 6.0 = 0

CV =

3 .0 6 .0 6 .0
= 18kN
6 .0

CV = 18kN

=0

AV 6 3.0 6.0 0 = 0

Y = 0
CV + AV 3 6 = 0
AV = 3 6 CV = 18 18 = 0
AV = 0

M=

ql 2 3 62
=
= 13.5kN
8
8

T=

ql 3 6
=
= 9kN
2
2

DIMENZIONIRANJE TAPA B-D

Centrini vlak sa savijanjem

c =

N td M

cd
A md W

b = 0.7h
A = b h = 0.7h 2
W=

N
M

td
2
0.7h md 0.7h3
6

t =

b h 2 0.7 h3
=
6
6

N = 9kN = 9000 N
M = 13.5kNm = 1350000 Ncm

9000 850 1350000 6

0.7 h 2 1000
0 .7 h 3

td =

12857.14 850 11571428.57

+

1000
h2
h3

td =

1
11571428.57
(12857.14 + 0.85
)
2
h
h

9835714.285
h
9835714.285
12857.14 +
h
h2 =
td
h 2 td = 12857.14 +

h=

9835714.285
h
850

12857.14 +

h pret .

20

24.37

22.13

23.19

22.67

22.92

22.8

22.86

hizr .

24.37

22.13

23.19

22.67

22.92

22.8

22.86

22.83

hizr = 22.8cm

USVOJENA GREDA

t =

N td M

td
A md W

bizr = 15.96cm
b/h = 16/24 (cm)

A = 16 24 = 384cm 2
b h 2 16 24 2
=
= 1536cm3
6
6

W=

9000 850 1350000

= 23.44 + 747.07
384 1000 1536
t = 770.5 N / cm 2 td = 850 N / cm 2

t =

DIMENZIONIRANJE TAPOVA B-C i C-D

Centrini tlak

c =

cd
A

Odabrana greda
Ix = Iy =

N = 12.7kN
a = 16cm

a 4 164
=
= 5461.33cm
12 12

I x = I y = I min

=
ix =

li = l = 3

0.707
li = 4.24m = 424cm

li
ix

I
5461.33
=
= 4.61cm
A
16 16
424
= 91.97 92
4.61

= 2.74 oitano iz tablice

N
12700
12700
= 2.74
= 2.74
A
16 16
256
2
c = 135.93N / cm cd = 850 N / cm2

c =

TAP A-B
Konstruktivni tap, dokaz nije potreban!
Usvojene dimenzije 16x16 (cm).

24. Kontrolirajte dimenzije elemenata konstrukcije sa slike.

Materijal:

etinari II klasa

=0

RBV 4 3 5 1.5 = 0
RBV =

22.5
= 5.625kN
4

=0

PH = PV = 12.73kN

12.73 4 RA 4 3 5 2.5 = 0
RA =

50.92 37.5
= 3.355kN
4

H = 0
R BH = 12.73kN

V = 0
12.73 + 5.62 = 3.355 + 3 5
18.35 = 18.355
M A = 3.0
Ml /2 =

1.02
= 1.5kNm
2

3 42 1
1.5 = 5.25kNm
8
2

M max = 1.875 5.625

1.875 2 3
= 10.55 5.27 = 5.28kNm
2

GREDA 12/18
A = 216cm 2
W = 648cm3
I = 5632cm3

NORMALNI NAPON
N
M 12.73
528
0.85
=
0.85
A
W
216
648
2
= 0.06 0.69 = 0.75kN / cm p 0.85kN / cm 2

POSMINI NAPON
S = 12 9 4.5 = 486cm 3

6.375 486
= 0.044 kN / cm 2 p dop = 0.09kN / cm 2
5832 12

PROGIB

qc 3 (4l + 3c) ql 3c
14 EI
0.03 1003 (4 400 + 3 100) 0.03 4003 100
f1 =
14 1000 5832

f1 =

f1 = 1.00cm =

lk
100
=
= 1.00cm
100 100

ql 2 (5l 2 12c 2 )
384 EI
0.03 4002 (5 4002 12 1002
f2
384 1000 5832
f2

f 2 1.50cm p

l
400
=
= 2.00cm
200 200

STUP 12/12
i = 0.289 12 = 3.468cm
250
= 72
=
3.468
= 1.70

c = 1.7

3.355

= 0.04kN / cm 2 pp cdop
12 12

KONTAKTNI NAPON

c =

3.355
= 0.02kN / cm 2 pp c dop
12 12

25. Kontrolirajte dimenzije elemenata konstrukcije sa skice.

vor C je bono pridran.
MATERIJAL: etinari II klase
p = 10.0 kN
q = 4.0 kN/m'

=0

B 4 10 1 4 5 1.5 = 0
10 + 30
B=
= 10kN
4

=0

A 4 10 3 4 5 2.5 = 0
30 + 50
A=
= 20kN
4

V = 0
10 + 5 4 = 10 + 20
30 = 30

10 4 x = 0
10
x=
= 2.5
4
M max = 10 2.5

4 2.52
= 25 12.5 = 12.5kNm
2

GREDA
14/24
2
14 24
W=
= 1344cm3
6
14 243
I=
= 16128cm 4
12
S = 14 12 6 = 1008cm 3
1250000
m =
= 930 N / cm 2 p md
1344
Q S 16000 1008
=
= 72 N / cm 2 p d
=
I b
16128 14
STUP 10/14
imin = 0.289 10 = 2.89cm
300
= 3.62
=
= 104
2.89
20000

= 517 N / cm 2 p cd
c = 3.62
10 14

26. Kontrolirajte dimenzije nosaa sa skice.

Graa: etinari II klase
(Nosa je bono pridran u toki B)
Greda: 16/24 cm
Kosnik: 16/16 cm

3 .0
= 2 .0
1 .5
= 63.43
tg =

=0

AH 3.0 AV 6.0 + 1.5 2.0 5.25 + 5.0 4.5 2.25 = 0

3.0 AH 6.0 AV + 15.75 + 50.625 = 0
3.0 AH 6.0 AV + 66.375 = 0
AV
= tg = 2.0
AH

AV = 2.0 AH

3.0 AH 6.0 2.0 AH + 66.375 = 0

9.0 AH + 66.375 = 0

AH = 7.38kN
AV = 2.0 AH = 2.0 7.38 = 14.75kN
C H = AH = 7.38kN

=0

CV 6.0 + CH 3.0 5.0 4.5 3.75 2.0 1.5 0.75 = 0

6.0 CV + 22.14 84.375 2.25 = 0
CV =

64.485
= 10.75kN
6.0

V = 0
1.5 2,0 + 4.5 5.0 = 10.80 + 14.75
3.0 + 22.5 = 25.55
25.5 = 25.55
RA = 7.382 + 14.752 = 16.50kN

1.52
M B = 2.0
= 2.25kN
2
4.52
M B = CV 4.5 5.0
2
M B = 10.75 4.5 50.625 = 2.25kNm
TV = 0

CV 5.0 x = 0
x=

10.75
= 2.15m
5 .0

M max = 10.75 2.15

5.0 2.152
2

M max = 23.11 11.56 = 11.55kNm

Wp 1200cm3
GREDA 16/24
A = 384 cm2
W = 1536 cm3
I = 18432 cm4
imin = 0.289 16 = 4.624
450
= 98
4.624
= 3 .1

7380
1155000
0.85
384
1536
c = 60 640 = 700 N / cm 2 p 850 N / cm 2

c = 3.1

11750 1152
= 46 N / cm 2 p 90 N / cm 2
18432 16

S = 16 12 6 = 1152 cm 3

STUP 16/16

imin = 4.624
li = 1.52 + 3.0 2 = 3.35m

335
= 73
4.624

= 1.74
c = 1.74

16500

= 112 N / cm 2 p cd
16 16

Zadatak: Zglobno oslonjeni stup

F
Optereenja razredi trajanja :

FG,k = 20,0 kN (stalno)

FQ,k = 50,0 kN (kratko)
QQ,,k = 10,0 kN - vjetar (kratko)

Uporabna klasa 2 ( u 20% )

l = 4,0 m
b / h = 20 / 20 cm
Puno drvo klase (razreda) C24

Kombinacije optereenja :

E = E G Q,1Q Q
d
k,j
k,1 i>1 Q,i 0,i k,i
j1 G,j

[2] 9.10

Parcijalni koeficijenti sigurnosti :

G,j = 1,35

Stalno nepovoljno optereenje

Q,1 = 1,5

Pokretno optereenje

Proraunske vrijednosti optereenja :

FG,d = G FG,k = 1,35 20,0 = 27,0 kN
FQ,d = Q FQ,k = 1,5 50,0 = 75,,0 kN
QQ,d = Q QQ,k= 1,5 10,0 = 15,0 kN

[2] Tab. 9.2

Kombinacije optereenja :
Faktori kombinacija:

0,Q = 0,7

- pokretno (kratko)

0,w = 0,6

- vjetar (kratko)

[2] Tab. 9.3

Kombinacija 1.:

F F 0,6Q
Q,d
G,d Q,d

Kombinacija 2.:

F Q
0,7F
G,d
Q,d
Q,d

Kombinacija 1.
N = F +F = 27,0+75,0 =102,0 kN
d G,d Q,d
M =
d
V =
d

l
Q,d = 0,615,04,0 =9,0 kNm

0,6Q

0,6Q

Q,d = 0,615,0 = 4,5 kN

Kombinacija 2.
N = F +0,7F = 27,0+0,775,0 = 79,5 kN
d G,d
Q,d

l
Q,d
M =
=15,04,0 =15,0 kNm
d
4
4
Q

V = Q,d =15,0 = 7,5 kN

d
2
2

Geometrijske karakteristike presjeka b / h = 20 / 20 cm

A = 2020 = 400 cm2
3
Iy = I = 2020 =13333 cm4
12
z
2
Wy = W = 2020 =1 333 cm3
6
z

Proraun naprezanja :
Kombinacija optereenja 1. :
N
3
= d =102,010 = 2,55 N/mm2

c,0,d A 400102
M
6
= d = 9,010 = 6,75 N/mm2

m,y,d Wy 1 333103
V
3
=1,5 d =1,5 4,510 = 0,17 N/mm2
d
A
400102

Kombinacija optereenja 2. :
N
3
= d = 79,510 =1,99 N/mm2

c,0,d A 400102
M
6
= d = 15,010 =11,25 N/mm2

m,y,d Wy 1333102
V
3
=1,5 d =1,5 7,510 = 0,28 N/mm2
d
A
400103

Karakteristine vrijednosti vrstoa i modula :

fm,k=24,0 N/mm2
fc,0,k=21,0 N/mm2
fv,k=2,5 N/mm2
E0,mean=11 000 N/mm2
Gmean=690 N/mm2
E0,05 = 2E0,mean = 211 000 = 7 333 N/mm2
3
3
G
= 2G
= 2690 = 460 N/mm2
0,05 3 mean 3

[1] Tab. F. 5

Proraunske vrijednosti :
f
k
f =k
d mod
M

Uporabna klase 2, kratko trajanje optereenja kmod = 0,9

[1] 5.3, 5.4,

7.1.3

[1] Tab. F. 1

M = 1,3 parcijalni koeficijent sigurnosti za drvo i materijale na bazi drva

f
f
= k
c,0,k = 0,9 21,0 = 14,5 N/mm2
c,0,d
mod
1,3
M
f
f
=k
m,k = 0,9 24,0 =16,6 N/mm2
m,y,d mod
1,3
M
f

f
=k
v,k = 0,9 2,5 =1,73 N/mm2
v,d mod
1,3
M

[1] Tab. 1

Dokaz nosivosti i stabilnosti :

[1] 10.3.

Duine izvijanja i vitkost :

l
=l
=1,0l = 4,0 m
ef,y ef,z
l
2
y = z = ef,y = 4,010 = 69,2
iy
13 333
400

kc = min

1
;
2
2
k + k
rel

1,0

0,3 +2
k = 0,5 1+c
rel,c

rel,c

c = 0,2 ( puno drvo)

[1] Tab. F. 5
[1] 10.3.1

[1] ( 64 )
[1] ( 65 )

f
f

=
= c,0,k = y c,0,k = 69,2 21,0 =1,17

rel,y rel,z

7 400
c,crit
0,05
ky = kz = 0,5 1+0,2(1,170,3) +1,172 =1,27

kc,y = kc,z = min

1,27+

1
1,272 1,172

1,0 = 0,57

[1] ( 66 )

Prema DIN-u:
Koeficijent izboavanja km :

[1] 10.3.2 ( 7 )

h
l
ef,y = 4,0102 20 = 20,0 <140
b2
202

km = 1

(za pravokutne poprene presjeke irine b)

Prema EC5 :

km

1,560,75
rel,m

2
rel,m

za
0,75
rel,m
za 0,75<
1,4
rel,m
za 1,4 <
rel,m

Dokaz nosivosti i stabilnosti :

Kombinacija optereenja 1. :

c,0,d + m,y,d = 2,55 + 6,75 = 0,72 <1

0,5714,5 1,016,6
kc,y f
k f
c,0,d m m,y,d

c,0,d +k m,y,d = 2,55 +0,7 6,75 = 0,60<1

red kmf
0,5714,5
1,016,6
kc,z f
c,0,d
m,y,d

[1] ( 71 )

[1] ( 72 )

( kred = 0,7 za puno drvo, pravokutni popreni presjek h / b 4)

Kombinacija optereenja 2. :

c,0,d + m,y,d = 1,99 + 11,25 = 0,92 <1

0,5714,5 1,016,6
kc,y f
k f
c,0,d m m,y,d

[1] ( 71 )

c,0,d +k m,y,d = 1,99 +0,7 11,25 = 0,72<1

red kmf
0,5714,5
1,016,6
kc,z f
c,0,d
m,y,d

[1] ( 72 )

(kred = 0,7 za puno drvo, pravokutni popreni presjek h / b 4)

Posmik :
Kritina kombinacija optereenja 2. :

Vd = 7,5 kN

d = 0,28 = 0,16 <1

1,73
f
v,d

[1] 10.2.9

[1] ( 59 )

Dokaz uporabljivosti (proraun progiba) :

Karakteristina (rijetka) kombinacija :

E = E
G
+ Q
+ Q

d
k, j
k,1
k,i

i >1 0,i
j 1

[2] 9.16

Poetni progib :

[1] 9.2 ( 3 )

QQ,k l3

=
w
Q,inst 48E
0,mean Iy
3
w
= 10,0400
= 0,91 cm
Q,inst 48110013333

Konani progib :

[1] 9.2 ( 2 )

w
=w
1+2k
Q,fin
Q,inst
def

[1] ( 7 )

Uporabna klasa 2 - kratkotrajno optereenje

kdef = 0,8

(Uporabna klasa 2)

= 0
2

=w
= 0,91 cm
w
Q,fin
Q,inst

[1] Tab. F. 2
[2] Tab. 9.3

Ukupni konani progib:

w =w
+w
+ w0
fin
G,fin
Q,fin
w0 = 0

[1] 9.2 ( 3 )

(nadvienje)

w = 0+0,91+0 = 0,91 cm
fin

Preporueni progib za karakteristinu (rijetku) kombinaciju:

w
l
Q,inst 300

[1] ( 40 )

l 4,0103
= 0,91<
=
=1,33
w
Q,inst
300 300
w w
l
fin
G,inst 200

l 4,0103
w w
= 0,910 = 0,91cm<
=
=2,00 cm
fin
G,inst
300 200

[1] ( 41 )

Zadatak: KONTROLA DIMENZIJA VLANOG TAPA

Fv
Fh

2x6/12

14
14

h1 = 0.5 m
h2 = 2.5 m
b = 2.5 m

FV,G,k = 5.5 kN (stalno)

FV,Q,k = 9.5 kN (kratkotrajno)
FH,Q,k = 15.0 kN (kratkotrajno)

Graa: klasa vrstoe C24,

klasa uporabljivosti 2

Kombinacije optereenja :

E = E G Q,1Q Q
d
k,j
k,1 i>1 Q,i 0,i k,i
j1 G,j

[2] 9.10

Parcijalni koeficijenti sigurnosti :

G,j = 1,35

Stalno nepovoljno optereenje

Q,1 = 1,5

Pokretno optereenje

Proraunske vrijednosti optereenja :

FV,d = G FG,k = 1,35 5,5 = 7.4 kN
FV,d = Q FQ,k = 1,5 9,5 = 14.3 kN
FH,d = Q QQ,k= 1,5 15,0 = 22,5 kN

[2] Tab. 9.2

Proraun sile u kosniku :

M A = 0

21.7

Bv 2,5 21, 7 2,5 22,5 3, 0 = 0

Bv = 48, 7 kN

22.5

M B = 0
A v 2,5 A h 2,5 = 0
A v = 27, 0 kN
A v 2,5 A h 2,5 = 0
A v = A h = 27, 0 kN
Bh

Ah
Av

Bv

H = 0
Bh + 22,5 27, 0 = 0
Bh = 4,5 kN
M c = 4,5 2,5 = 11, 25 kNm
Sila u kosniku:

N t,0d = A 2h + A 2v = 38, 2 kN

Dijagrami reznih sila:

N
22,5 kN

- 21,7 kN

11,25 kNm

38
,2
kN

4,5 kN

- 48,7 kN

Geometrijske karakteristike presjeka b / h =2x 6 / 12 cm

A = 2612 =144 cm2
A

netto

= 0,8A =115,2 cm2 =11520 mm2

Proraun naprezanja :

N
3

=1,5 t,0d =1,5 38,210 = 4,98 N/mm2

t,0,d
A
115,2102

netto

Proraunske vrijednosti :
f
f =k
k
d mod
M

[1] 5.3, 5.4,

7.1.3

Uporabna klase 2, kratko trajanje optereenja kmod = 0,9

M = 1,3 parcijalni koeficijent sigurnosti za drvo i materijale na bazi drva

f

f
= k
t,0,k = 0,914,0 = 9,7 N/mm2
t,0,d
mod
1,3
M

[1] Tab. F. 1

[1] Tab. 1

Dokaz nosivosti i stabilnosti :

t ,0d 4,98
=
= 0,51 < 1,0
f t ,0d 9,70