Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.

H Ch Minh Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh

Bi tp chng 3 Tp hp

Dn nhp

Trong bi tp di y, chng ta s lm quen vi cc kin thc lin quan n l thuyt tp hp (bao gm tp hp v cc ton t trn tp hp). Sinh vin cn n li l thuyt ca chng 3 trc khi lm bi tp bn di.

Bi tp mu

Cu 1.
Nhng pht biu bn di l ng hay sai a) 0 b) { {{}}} c) {} {, {}}

Li gii.
a) Sai b) Sai c) ng 2

Cu 2.
Cho A, B v C l cc tp hp. Chng minh rng: a) (A B ) (A B C ) b) A B C (A B ) c) (B A) (C A) = (B C ) A d) (A B ) (A B ) = A

Li gii.
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a) (A B ) (A B C ) b) A B C (A B ) c) (B A) (C A) = (B C ) A d) (A B ) (A B ) = A 2

Cu 3.
V gin Venn cho nhng trng hp sau a) A (B C ) b) A B C c) (A B ) (A C ) (B C ) d) (A B ) (C D)

Li gii.
U U

a)

b)

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Trng i Hc Bch Khoa Tp.H Ch Minh Khoa Khoa Hc v K Thut My Tnh

U U B B D

c)

d) 2

Bi tp cn gii

Cu 4.
Lit k cc phn t ca cc tp sau. a) {x | x l s thc sao cho x2 = 1} b) {x | x l s nguyn dng b hn 12} c) {x | x s chnh phng v x < 100} d) {x | x l mt s nguyn sao cho x2 = 2}

Li gii.
a) {1, 1} b) {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11} c) {0, 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, 36, 49, 64, 81} d) 2

Cu 5.
Dng cch biu din tnh cht tp hp m t cc tp sau.
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1. {0, 3, 6, 9, 12} 2. {-3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3} 3. {m, n, o, p}

Li gii.
a) {x | x l s nguyn khng m sao cho x mod 3 = 0} b) {x | x l s nguyn dng c gi tr tuyt i b hn 4} c) {x | x l k t Latin ng sau l v trc q } 2

Cu 6.
Xc nh xem mi pht biu sau ng hay sai. a) x {x} b) {x} {x} c) {x} {x} d) {x} {{x}} e) {x} f) {x}

Li gii.
a) ng b) ng c) Sai d) ng e) ng f) Sai 2

Cu 7.
S dng s Venn minh ha cho mi quan h
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a) A B v B C b) A B v B C c) A B v A C .

Li gii.

C, B, A

a)

b)

c) 2

Cu 8.
Xc nh xem cc tp sau, tp no l tp ly tha (power set ) ca mt tp hp no , trong a v b l hai phn t ring bit. a) b) {, {a}} c) {, {a}, {, a}} d) {, {a}, {b}, {a, b}}

Li gii.
a) Khng c b) {a} c) Khng c d) {a, b} 2

Cu 9.
Cho A = {a, b, c, d} v B = {y, z }. Tm

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a) A B b) B A

Li gii.
a) {(a, y ), (a, z ), (b, y ), (b, z ), (c, y ), (c, z ), (d, y ), (d, z )} b) {(y, a), (y, b), (y, c), (y, d), (z, a), (z, b), (z, c), (z, d)} 2

Cu 10.
S dng s Venn ch ra mt trng hp cho thy cc pht biu sau l SAI a) Vi mi A, B v C , nu A B v B C th A C.

b) Vi mi tp hp A, B v C , (A B ) C = A (B C ). c) Vi mi tp hp A, B v C , (A B ) (C B ) = A (B C ).

Li gii.

A C A B C

a)

b)

c) 2

Cu 11.
Chng minh rng vi mi tp hp A, B v C , (A B ) (C B ) = (A C ) B .
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Li gii.
(A B ) (C B ) = {x | x (A B ) x (C B )} = {x | (x A x / B ) (x C x / B )} = {x | x A x C x / B} = {x | x (A C ) x / B} = (A C ) B 2

Bi tp nng cao

Cu 12.
Xc nh xem cc pht biu sau l ng hay sai? a) {1, 2} {{1, 2}, {3, 4}} b) {2} {1, 2, 3, 4} c) {3} {1, {2}, {3}} d) {1, 2} {1, 2, {1, 2}, {3, 4}}

Cu 13.
V s Venn cho cc cu sau y a) A B, C B, A C = b) A C, B C =

Cu 14.
Cho A = {a, b, c}, B = {x, y }, v C = {0, 1}. Tm a) A B C b) C B A c) C A B d) B B B

Cu 15.
Chng minh pht biu sau bng phng php chn mt phn t (phng php A B v B A) a) Nu A, B v C l tp con ca U , th A (B C ) = (A B ) (A C ).
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b) Nu A, B v C l tp con ca U , th A (B C ) = (A B ) (A C ).

Cu 16.
Tm cc tp hp A v B nu A B = {1, 5, 7, 8}, B A = {2, 10}, v A B = {3, 6, 9}.

Cu 17.
Chng minh nh lut De Morgan u tin trong Bi ging bng cch chng minh rng nu A v B l tp hp th A B = A B

Cu 18.
Cho A, B v C l cc tp hp. Chng minh rng a) (A B ) (A B C ). b) (A B C ) (A B ). c) (A B ) C A C . d) (A C ) (C B ) = .

Cu 19.
Hiu i xng ca hai tp A v B , k hiu A B , l tp cha cc phn t thuc A hoc B , nhng khng c va nm trong A va nm trong B . a) Chng minh: A B = (A B ) (A B ) A B = (A B ) (B A) b) Chng minh A B = B A

Cu 20.
Chng minh: |A B C | = |A| + |B | + |C | |A B | |A C | |B C | + |A B C |

Cu 21.
So snh cc cp tp hp sau. Chng c th bng nhau c hay khng? C tp no l tp con ca tp kia khng? Chng c th c cng bn s c khng? a) P (A B ) v P (A) P (B ) b) P (A B ) v P (A) P (B ) c) P (A B ) v P (A) P (B )

Tng kt

Thng qua cc bi tp trong phn ny, chng ta hiu r hn v lm quen vi l thuyt tp hp trong cc chi tit lin quan c trnh by trong slide chng 3.

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