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Ab o a r-h u n t inB av aria, w ithsp e ars a n dfire a rm s (1 5 3 1 ). B a y e risc h e sN atio n al-m u se u m . (P h o tob yth eM u se u m .

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Russian officers mistimed their departure from Omsk on their way to Tomsk: the ice on the rivers had begun to melt. They had to go down the Ob on a makeshift raft (hollowed-out tree-trunks roped together). The journey was perilous, but according to the Swiss military doctor who left us an account of it, there were moments of diversion: I counted at least fifty islands on which there were so many foxes, hares and beavers that we saw them coming down to the waters edge . .. and we had the pleasure of seeing a she-bear with four cubs walking along the bank. There were also an alarming quantity of swans, cranes, pelicans, wild geese and various kinds of duck, especially red ones . . . The swamps are full of bitterns and woodcock, and the forests filled with grouse and other birds . .. After sundown, these armies of winged creatures made such a terrifying clamour that we could not hear ourselves speak.12 3 At the farthest extremity of Siberia the vast and almost empty Kamchatka peninsula^ gradually came to life with the beginning of the eighteenth century. Hunters and merchants were attracted to it by fur-bearing animals. The skins were brought up to Irkutsk by merchants and from there reached either China, via the neighbouring fair of Kiakhta, or Moscow and thence the West. The fashion for sea-otter dates from that period. Previously it was only used for clothing by hunters and natives. The hunt suddenly assumed gigantic proportions with the sharp rise in prices. By about 1770, it had developed into a large-scale operation. The ships, built and fitted at Okhotsk, had large crews, because the natives, who were often harshly

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