/

1
1.1 .
1.
) :
2 0.:
.
2,5 .:
.
13,25 .:
.
15 .:
.
7,5 .:
.
3
0.:
2
.
5
0.:
3
.
5,3 .:
.
) )

) ) .

2.
) . :

- :
:

-(- )
) .:

7
+
5
-2,5

5
6,3
+3,9
-

-(- )
)

-9

, -(-)

+7,8

1

3.

-1

)
1
.
3
)
2 .
)
2
.
3
)
2
.
3

4.
) :
7
,
+1,3
,
-8
,
- 1,2
,
0
,
2000
, 2001
)
: , - , -2 , 2 , 0.
) , < . , .
, .

5.
) : -1<<2
) : x = 2
) : x = 2
) : x 2
) : 1 x 5
) : x = 0

6.
) :
- = +2,3
)
x = x .

-
x
x

7.
, .
.
.

. ..
. .

. ..
.
. ..
, < > .

, > < . .

. .

8.
:
, , 11 . :
11
11
. 0 11. . 5 6. . 5,5 . 5,5 .
2
2
6 5 :
. 0 . . 11. . 11. . 1 .
, , 5 .
:
. 1 6. . 1 6. . -1 - 6 . 1 4 .
3

2
:
3
. . -1 .
. 0 . . 1,5. .
2

9.
:
) x = 3 x + = 5
) = 0 = 2
) x + = 0
) x + = 1

10 .
.
5 .
7 . 4
.
) .
) ;
) ;
3

1.2
.
1.
) :
1 = (+2,3) + (+7,1) = .
2 = (-2,3 ) + (-7,1) = .
3 = (+2,3) + (-7,1) = .
4 = (-2,3) + (+7,1) =
) , .:
1 = (+2,3) - (-7,1) = = .
2 = (+2,3) - (+7,1) = = .
3 = (-2,3) - (-7,1) = = .
4 = (-2,3) - (+7,1) = = .

2.

. .
+20 2 .
..
3 2,5 .
..
20 5 .
..
90
500 .
..
20
+10 .
..
3150
+3050 .
..

3.
)
. .
2000 8
+41 .
..
5
3.
..

) 2000 0.
; ;
, ( ), ;
:

:
: ..
: . ..

4.
) :
1 = (+3) + (+7)+ (-5) + (-6) = ...
2 = (-3 ) + (-7) + (+5) + (+6) = .
3 = (+7,3) + (-7,1) + (+0,2) + (-1) + (-2) + (+3) = ..
4 = (-7,3) + (+7,1) + (-0,2) + (+1) + (+2) + (-3) = ..
) .:
1 = (+5) - (-7) (-12) +(+1) = . ..
2 = (-5,6) - (-2,6) + (-3,2) (-5,2) = ...
3 = (- 20,5) (-20) - (-0,6) (-1,1) =...
4 = (+1)- (-2) (-3) (-4) (-5) (-6) (-7) (-8) =

5.
) , (
):
1 = (+50) + (-70)+ (-80) + (+60) = ...
1 5 3
2 = + + + + (+ 2 ) =
3 6 2
2
7
3 = + ( 5 ) + + ( 1) = .
7
2
) :
.
, (
)

1 = -7 (-5) + (- 8) (-7) = .
2 = 8 (-3) +(-2) (+2) + (-8) = .
2
2
( 6,3) + ( ) ( +6,3) =
3 =
13
13
5
2 73 2
4 = 0 + ( 7,3) + = ..
8
3 10 3

6.
:
1 = -7 + 8 6 + 9 5 + 3 + 6 1 = .
2 = 1,4 0 14 37 +40 + 10,6 1 = .
1 1 1 1 13
3 = + + +
2 3 4 5 60
4 = 1-2+3-4+5-6+.+4003-4004 = ..
5

7.
) + = -5 = 3 :
+ (-) = .= ..
(-) = . = ..
) :
+ (-2) = -2
(-2) = -2
(-2) = 5
6 = - 4
+5-6-7 =8-10+3-2

8.
= -7,5 = 8 = -3,5 :
1 = + +
2 = -
3 = ( + ) ( + ) ( + )
4 = ( ) + ( ) + ( )

9.
) 3.
5
)
3
.

10 .
,
, .
)
5 9
-5 9
-3 +2
15 15
7
)
8
3 .

11 .

: : 1,25% , : 0,67% , : 2,3% ,
: 0,49% : 0,83%

.
.

12 .
0.
10 13.
6

.
13 .

.
1 = -(-3) + (-2) (+5) + (+1) = ..
2 = 7 (-8 + 2) 6 + (-9 + 3) + 2 = ..
3 = (-5 + 6 3) + (7 6 +1) (1 7 5) =
4 = - ( -2,3 1,4 + 2,6 0,25) + 2,6 (4,25 + 1,4 5,1) +2,5 = ..
5 1
7
7 1 1
5 = + 2 + + 2 + + +2 = .
3 6
2
2 3 6

14 .
,
.
1 = -[-(-2)]-1+[-(+2)]+4-1=
2 = -8 3 +5 + [-2 5 (-3 8 ) 1 ] (-1) +3 = ..
3 = 0 [(-5 + 2)-3 + 1 (-1) +5] ( - 2 +6) +7 = .
4 = 1,1 + (-3,3 +1,2) [-3 (9 + 2,5 3,4 5,5 +4) 2,1] 7,8 =
1 1
2 1
7 1
5 = + 1 + 1 + 8 6 = .
3 12
3 2
4 2

15 .
,
, .
1 = 2 {-2-[-(2-3)+7]-8}+8+{[-(-7)]} = ..
2 = 1 (-10 +3 20) + [-7 + (-10 1) + 45] {-5 +15 [ -20 + (-10 +5) 2]-2}-2000 =

16 .
.
1 = 7 ( ) + 3 = .
2 = - + 2 [-2 + ( 10)+1] = .
3 = {-1 [-+1-(- +1)-1] ( +10) 2}+ = .

17 .
+ =

1
4
1 = - - + =

2 = - (- ) (- +) = .
3 = ( 2)+( 1 + =

18 .
,
.
,
1.

19 .
, .
= -(-)- = , = -(..) = .
= - (-) = . , = -(..) = ..
= -- = , =

20 .
)
= - 5 (- 2)+-3 , = -9 , = -6 = +8.
)
5
1

= + ( 2 + ) + + , : - = 3,
7
2

1
: = 5 : - = +
14

1.3

1.
) , .
.
.
.
.
.
1 = 0 = 0.
) .
1. 0
2. 0
3. 1
4. 1

2.
) :
+1
0

-1
-2


) :
-1
-5

-1
-2


-1
0

-3
+2

-7
-5

+4,5
3

+3,6
-5

-3
+2

5
-6

+3
1

-8
-7

-7

+5

+50

+5

3.
) :

-5

+2

1
3

(-1)

-2,4

+5,6

) :
1 = (-1)

2
5

4.
.
1.
. . . . . .
. .
2. .
. . . . . .
. .
3. , , = 1
. , , . . , , .
. .
. .
4. , -3( + ) = 0.
. , . . , 0.
. .
. + = 3.
5. .
. . . . . .
. .

5.
:
) 3(-2+5) =
) 6(-4 7) =
) (-3 5)(-8) =
) (6,5 3,5)(-4,3 + 1,3) =
) 23(-4)

1 3
1
6 2

) . +

6.
:
1 = (-1) (-2) (-3) =
2 = (-1) (-2) (-3) (-4) =
3 = 7 (-1) (+2) (-3) (-4) =
4 =

( 1)( 1)( 1)........( 1)

1444
424444
3
2004

5 =

( 1)( 1)( 1)........( 1)

1444
424444
3
2005

1 2 3 4
6 = + +
2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4
2001 2002
7 = + + ........
+

2 3 4 5
2002 2003
8 = (-5,623)(+7,321)(-92,156)0 (-357,845) =

10

7.

.
1 = (5)(-6)(+3) = -.
2 = (-2)(4)(-5)(+3) = - ..
3 = (1,5)(-4)(-10)(-6) = + ..
4 = 2 (+1)(+6)(5) = + .

8.
,
,
<0 ..
>0 ..
(-1)>2 ..
<-2 ..
-5,3(-2,5) =0 ..
(-)(-)(-) >0 ..

9.
) , , 2.
) , ,
6. .

10.
) = -5 = +2,5
) = -5 = +2,5

11.
:
1 = -5 +(-2)(-3) (+1)(-3) (-2)(-1)(+2)
2 = - (-6,2) 5 (-30)+(-9,3)(-93-7)
3 = 4,5 (-6,23)(+7,5)(-91)(-253,21) + 4,5 (+6,23)(-7,5)(+91)(-253,21)
4 = 5 + 2 (-6,5)(+0,1) (-39+2)(-0,1)
5 = -(1 1)(2 2)(3 3)(4 4)

11

12.

.( + ) = .. + . .
. . = . ( - . )
( + ) . ( + ) = . ( + ) + . (+.) = +++.
2 . + 2 . = 2 . (+)
- 2 . = (-.) . =
5 . 2 . = ( . ) . = ..
-7 . + 3 . = (-+.. -..) . =
. + . + . + . = .(+.) + . (.+.) = (..+..) . (.+.)

13.
:
: -14 . (+7 - 4)
1 .
2 .
-14 . (+7- 4) =
-14 . (+7- 4) =
= -14 . 7 + 14 . 4 =
= -14 .3 = -42
= -98 + 56 = - 42

1: - 3,5 . (2 - 4)

2 : 75 . (-10 + 4)

1 .

2 .

1 .

3 : 31 . (-13 3)

4 : -143 . (-100 + 10 )

1 .

1 .

12

2 .

2 .

2 .

14.
, ,
:
2+2 =
2 2 =
-2 2 =
-3 + 5 6 =
2
5
+ 4 =
3
6
1
- +2 - =
3

15.
= -5 + = -6 :
1 = 2 2 +5 +5
2 = -3 . ( + + 5) + 15
3 = 2 + 3 - 5 + 7 + 2 +5
4 = + + 8 3 + 4
5 = +

16.
= -3 :
1 = 2 ( - 5) 4 ( 2) 4 + 6
2 = + 5(3 ) 4 4(5 2)

17.

, ( ).
) -2 + 4 = -2 + 2 .2 = 2 . ( - + 2) ) -3 9 =
) 5 + 10 =
) 6 - 18 =
) 25 10 =
) 30 + 40 =

18.
= -2{6 4[-+5(3-2)-12,5]+10}
.
= -20,01

19.
:
= +
= +
= 2 +2
= +2 2
= 2 3+6

20.
:
( 1)( + 1) .(-1) -
.( 3) ( 2)( + 2) +3
(2-3)(-2-3) + 4.( 1) +4
(3 4)(-3 +4) 3 (8 3)
13

1.4

1.
)
:

0 : : = : ..
;
0 : 0 : = 0 .. ;
: : 0 = .. ;
0 : : (-) = -1 .. ;
1
0 : :
= 1 .. ;

: : 1 = 1 .. ;
0 : - : (-) = -1 .. ;
: : (-1) = - .. ;
0
... ;

) :
. = = ..
- . = = ..
: (-) = - = ..
: = - = ..

2.
,
1.
-3 = 30
= 30 : (-3)
= -10

2.
: (-3) = -10
= (-10) .(-3)
= 30

3.
-8 : (-) = -2
- = (-8) : (-2)
- = 4
= -4

1.
-7 = 28

2.
: (-25) = -40

3.
-2,5 : (- ) = -250

5.
(-7 : 3,5) = -20

6.
: [(-7) ( -2)] = -10

14

4.
0,35 = -70

7.
[(-8) . 17) : (-) = -136

3.
)
24
-24
2,4

6
-6
-0,6

-2,4
+0,6

-3
10

7
-0,1

)
3 5
: =
5 3
5 2
: =
6 12
17
+ : ( 3,4 ) =
5
1
(+ 5 ) : + =
2
) , .
4
2
=
:
6
3
4
=

6
8
=

12
3
=

4
5
=

30
15
=

10
) , .
4
4
47
27
14
4
=
= =
=
= = 14
:
2
2
2
2
1
1

+
7
7
7

3
5 =
6

8
17 =
4
34

7
3

=
2
6

15

250
-0,01

-45
-10

4.
) ,
.
( 2 ) ( 3 ) ( 4 )
1 =
=
( 40 )
7 ( 5 )
=
2 =
14 ( 2 )
( 1) ( 472 ) ( 2002 )
3 =
( +944 ) ( 1001)
)
2 4
1 =
:
=
3 9
2
2 = ( 8 + 6) :
=
7
3
4

3 = 5 : 4 =
7
7

5.

2
4 2
+

)
5
3
5
8 7
2
+
2 :
)

9 3
27
8 + ( 2 ) ( 5 ) ( 10 ) : ( 2 ) ( 3 ) 2 4
)
+
:
4
11
3
1
4
2001 2003
0,5 :
( 0,3) +
)
:

10
20
2002 2002
)

[1+ (1) : ( 2)] [1+ (1) : ( 3)] [1+ (1) : ( 4)] [1+ (1) : ( 2005)] (1) : ( 2005)

6.
= 2[-(-8)( -4)+15(-2 +4)-2,52]( -1) = -6-[9+(-35)30]6 +(-200)( -4)

) =
+3

+
+3
) =

) =
)

) + =
)

+
+

=
16

7.

.
2
1
.

<0

>0
2.

= 1
3.

=1
4.

1.

=3

=0

.
= -1
.
=
.
+ = 0
: ,

5 .

8.
.
1. 1
. 0
. 1
. 1
. .
2.
. 0
. 1
. 1
. .
3.
. 0
. 1
. 1
. .
4.
. 0
. 1
. 1
. .
5. .

.
.
. 1
. .
6. .

.
.
. 1
. .

9.
= -2 , = +3 = -5.

1 =

( 2 ) (3 + )
2
2 =
: ( ) 3 =
1
: ( + )
3 2

+
1

1+

10 .

1
2
2
4
3
6
2002
4004

1
: 2
2
: 4
3
: 6
.... 2002
: 4004

100
100

100 100 100 100 100 100

17

1.5

1.
) :
25 = . , (-2)5 = .. , (-3)4 = , 34 = . , (-0,5)2 = .
4

1
2
0,1 = . , (-0,1) = , = ......... , = .........
2
3
) :
32
= ........ ,
8 = , -8 = .. , 0,125 = .. , -0,125 = . ,
243
32

= ........ , 10.000.000 = .. , -10.000.000 =

243
) , ( ), :
4

......
4=
......

......
10000 =
......

16 ......
=
49 ......

......
0,0625 =
......

) :
(-2)4 = . , -24 = .. , (-3)3 = . , -33 = , -12004 = .. , (-1)2004 = ...

2.
) : , ,
, .
.

..
..
..
..

..

..
) : - (-1)2000- (-1)2001 + 12003 - 12004

3.

) = + :
3235 = , 554 = .. , (-2)3 (-2)4 = . , -7 (-7)2 , (-7)3 = . ,
4

1 1 1 1
= .......... ....
2 2 2 2
) ) .:
937 = ..= , 9 (-3)5 = = . , -824 = .. = .. ,
1
0,5 = = ..
16
18

) + =

:
22001 -22000 = = . =
2(-2)2001 - (-2)2003 = . = . = = . = ..
183 + 3 +2

4.

) = - :

8
( 7) 3
3 3 = , 5 5 = .. , (-2) ( -2) = . ,
=
..
,
= .
7
3
6

) ) .:
8132 = ..= , 9( -3) = = . , -12824 = .. = .. ,

a3
a2

= =

=
- =

:
1 =

5.

2 2004 + 2 2002
2 2000

, 2 =

( 3 ) +1 ( 3 ) +2
( 3 )

) ( ) = :
(22)3 = . , [(-2)2]3 = . , {[(3)3]3}3 = , (-3)4 =
) :
813 = ..= . = . ( 3 )
(-64)2 = = . = .. ( 4 )
3

1

8

10003 = = = .. ( 10 )

= = = (

1
)
2

) = ( ) + =
1 , (2), 1
, (2+1) , 1.

6.

) = ( ) = ( )
:

1
37
3
(10 ) 3

53

= .= . = .

= .= . = .

(-0,5)200422004 = = = .

19

204440,1254 =.. =.=

73
= .......... .. = .......... . = ......
( 21)3

) ( ) =
:

, ( ) = ,

(2x ) 3
= ........ = ......... = ........
16

2
3 a

= .......... .... = .......... ... = .........

a
9

( ) =

2
6
2 x = .......... ..... = .......... ... = ..........
x

[(24)5]([510)2] = ..= =.

) - = (-1) , ( ) =
: (-) = 0 , (-) + = 0
.

7.
, , :

= (23222)(-4)3+ 38(9281)=

(2)3 (4)3 (6)3

(500)3
= 3 + 3 + 3 + ....... +
1
2
3
2503
8.
:

( 5 ) 2 + ( 5 ) 3
1 =
2 5 5 + 10
2 = [( 1)1 ( 1) 2 ( 1) 3 ( 1) 4 ........ ( 1) 2002 ( 1) 2003 ( 1) 2004 ]2005

9.

.
2
1

.
5 +(-5) ,
1.
25
2.
0
10

.
3.
5
( 2 )
4.
5

10
5.
2
,
.

( 2 )
( 5 ) + 5
( 5 )
. -5-(-5)

,
,
20

10 .
.

3x = 9

( 2 ) = 32
x

23 x

= 256

1
3

32 x

1
=
27

11 .
, :
= 4 4 = . , .

12 .
) :

2 = 4 : = .. =
4 = 81 : = .. =
2004 = 1 : = .. =

) = (-1) (-)2 = 2 , .
) , 2 = 2
, ;
) :
2 = -4 ; .
4 = -81 ; .
2004 = -1 ; .
;

13 .
) :
3
.., ..
5
.., ..
2001
.., ..
) :

3 = 8 : = ..
5 = -243 : = ..
2001 = -1 : = ..
21

14 .
:

3 2 + 3 9 +1 8 9
1 =
, .
10 3 2

23
1
2 =
2 2 3 + 4 1 + 2 2
11
4

, 2.

15 .
= -4 , = 3 , = -2
= 3 + 3 + 3 3 0,5( + + )[( )2 + ( )2 + ( )2] + 83,5

16 .
)

3
5
5
6,25
2
0,216

5,0625

= 0,216606,25905,062545

22

3
2

1.6

1.
) :
2-5 = . , (-2)-5 = .. , (-3)-4 = , 3 -4 = . , (-0,5)-2 = .
4

1
2
0,1 = . , (-0,1) = , = ......... , = .........
2
3
0
0
-1
2001 = . , (-2001) = .. , (-2003)
) :
32
32
1
1
= ........ ,
= ........ ,
= , = .. , 8 = .. , -8 = . ,
243
243
8
8
0,0000001 = .. , -0,0000001 =
) , ( ), :
-4

-4

1 ......
=
4 ......

......
0,0001 =
......

16 ......
=
49 ......

......
1
=
625 ......

) :
1
(-2)-4 = . ,
= .. , (-3)-3 = . , -3 -3 = , -1-2004 = .. ,
4
2
(-1)-2004 = ...

2.
) : , ,
, .
.

..
..
..
..

..

..
) : - (-1)-2000- (-1)-2001 + 1 -2003 1 2004
(: 2
. ;)

3.

) = + :
,
323-5 = = . , 55 -4 = .. = , (-2)-3 (-2)-4 = ..=
7-1 (-7)-2 , (-7)3 = . . = ..,
1

1 1 1 1
= .......... .... . = .
2 2 2 2
) ) .:
93-7 = ..= , 9 (-3)-5 = = . , -82-4 = .. = .. ,
1
2 3 = = ..
16
23

) + =

:
2-2001 2-2001+1 = = . =
1
(-2)-2001 - (-2)-2001-2 = . = . = = . = ..
2
183 - + 3 - +2

4.

) = - :

3
( 7 ) 1
3 3 = , 5 5 = .. , (-2) ( -2) = . ,
= .. ,
= .
7
8
-6

-5

-6

-4

) ) .:
1 2
1
1
3 = ..= ,
( -3)-3 = = . ,
2 -4 = .. = .. ,
81
9
128

a 3
a 2

= =

=
- =

:
1 =

5.

6.

2 2004 + 2 2002
2 2000

, 2 =

( 3) +1 ( 3 ) +2
( 3 )

) ( ) = :
(22)-3 = . , [(-2)-2]-3 = . , {[(3)-3]3}-3 = , (--3)4 =
) :
1
813 = ..= . = . ( )
3
1
= = . = .. ( 4 )

( 64 ) 2
3

1

8

1000-3 = = = .. ( 10 )

= = = (

1
)
2

) = ( ) = ( )
:

1
3
3
( 10 ) 3
7

53

= .= . = .

= .= . = .

24

(-0,5)-20042-2004 = = = .

20 -44 -40,125 -4 =.. =.=

73 ( 21) 3 = .......... .. = .......... . = ......

) ( ) =
:

( ) = = +

[(-24)5][(5 -10)2] = ..= =.

6.
.

1
x
3
=

9
1
x
(

2
)
=

32

22002 x

1
3

=1
2

3 x

1
=
27

7.

[(

) 5 4 (
2

5
2 3

1
: 5

= 2004 =

1
2004

8.
, :

2 =

. : (+-1)

+-1

9.
:
(-1)-1-(-2)-2+(-3)-3+--2 ,
= 2

10.
) :

5 1 2

2
3

3
:
3
5

) ) ,
-2004 = 2004.

25

1.7
1.

1

150000
-0,0000012
37000000000
0,0000000008
-1250
-0,002135
3254,5
-74

2.

-3105
1,2310-5
-7,325107
110-4
1,010102
-3,510-1
8,21010
-9,9910-8

10 .
,
10 10 = 10 + , 10 .
0,25103 = .=..=.=.
0,2510-3 = .=..=.=.
-2501030 = .=..=.=.
-0,000610-15 = .=..=.=.
37540010-2

3.
.
) 303105 =
) (-810-4)2 =
) (-4109)3 =
) 7,7102004 + 3,3102004 =
) (510-1001)2 - 610-2001 =
) (21010)4 (-310-20)2 =
) (6109)3(51013)2 =

4.
) .
1 , 2,5107 , 2,2107 , 2,5106 , -2,2107 , -1 , -2,5106 , -2,2108 , 2,2108
) .
1 , 2,510-7 , 2,210-7 , 2,5106 , -2,2107 , -1 , -2,510-6 , -2,210-8 , 2,210-8

26

5.
:

310-5 +710-5 1,410-4=

0,0005 2 40 10 7 5 10 6 : 0,0002 2
=
250 3 10 2 + 0,35 10 3 5 10 4

(0,000044 5000 10

+ 13 10 7 0,00006
5 10 2003
4

501

6.
,
: = mc2 ,
m Kg c = 3108 m/sec .

:
mp = 1,672510-27 Kg mn=1,675010-27 Kg.
,
, .
mH = 6,64510-27 Kg.
) , , 4
.
) .
(: Joule. 50
Km/h 10000 Joule).
) 1,6725 mg 1,6750 mg :
i) ;
ii) ;
iii)
, 2109 Joule;
: ,
, .
.
!

27

1.8 .
1.
.
2

= ..
5
28
= ..

200
1
= ..
3
20

= ..
7
42
= ..

28
8

= ..
9
45

99

2.
.
0, 6 =
0, 7 =
0, 73 =
0, 23 =
0, 371 =
0, 563 =
0, 2653 =
;

3.
: 1, 3 ,
25, 49
, 3, 837
)
.
) ) 2,
.

4. .
= 3,27
) 10.
) 10
.
) ) 2,
10
) .
28

4. .
= 5,4265
) 100.
) 100
.
) ) 2,
100
) .

4. .
= 0,1013
) 1000.
) 1000
.
) ) 2,
1000
) .

5.
:

25,04

2,0139

0,002761

2,001

6.
:

2,019 , 0,0029 , 374, 9

,
9
;
25,09

7.

5 2.

37
=
23 5
24
=
2 53

483
=
2 52
78
=
20
4
=
125

8.
:

( + )3 3 3 3( + ) = 1, 3 = 0, 6
29