Professional Documents
Culture Documents
HA HC 12 CB
BI TP ESTE
I. BI TP T LUN:
1.Vit CTCT v gi tn cc este c CTPT C3H6O2; C4H8O2; C5H10O2
2.Vit phng trnh phn ng theo cng thc tng qut to este t:
a.Axt no, n v ancol no n
b.Axt n v ancol n
c.Axt khng no, n (c 1 ni i) v ancol no, n
d.Axt thm n v ancol no, n
3.Hon thnh chui phn ng ghi r iu kin (nu c)
a.
Glucz
(C 6H 10O5)
Axitformic
Ancol etylic
Andehit formic
Etyl fomat
Natri fomat
Andelit axetic
Metan
Natri axetat
axit axetic
Metyl axetat
Hidr
b.
C4H 10
Propen
Propenol
polyme
CaCO3
CaO
CaC 2
C 2H2
Cao su BuNa
Andehit acrylic
Mety acrylat
CH3CHO
C4H6
C2H5OH
C2H5OH
Axit acrylic
CH3COOH
CH3COOC2H5
HA HC 12 CB
9.Mt hn hp gm etyl axetat v etyl fomat. Mun thy phn 5,6g hn hp trn cn 25,96ml dung
dch NaOH 10% (D=1,08g/ml). Xc nh thnh phn ca hn hp.
10.Phn tch 0,5g mt este A thu c 0,89g CO2 v 0,36g H2O
a.Tm CTGN ca A
b.Tm CTPT ca A bit d A/kk = 2,55
c.Cho A tc dng vi NaOH cho mt mui c khi lng bng 34/37 khi lng A. Xc
nh CTCT, tn A
11.Cht hu c A (C, H, O) c d A/N 2 = 3,1428. t chy hon ton 8,8g A thu c 8,96 l CO 2
(kc) v 7,2g H2O.
a.Tm CTPT A
b.Ly 13,2g A cho phn ng ht vi dung dch NaOH thu c 12,3g mui. Tm CTCT A
c.Ly 15,84g A phn ng vi 200ml dung dch NaOH 1M. C cn dung dch sau phn ng
thu c cht rn. Tnh khi lng cht rn ny.
12.t chy hon ton 7,4g este n chc (B) thu c 13,2g CO2 v 0,3 mol nc. Tm CTPT,
CTCT, tn B.
13.Thy phn hon ton 3g mt este n chc (B) cn ng 100ml dd NaOH 0,5M. Tm CTPT,
CTCT, tn B
14.X phng ha hon ton 4,4g este n (A) bi dung dch NaOH. em lng mui hu c sinh
ra un nng vi vi ti xt thu c 0,8g kh hu c c V=1,12 lt (kc). Tm CTCT, tn A
15.X phng ho hon ton 1 este n A bng dung dch NaOH thu c mui B c KLPT bng
24/29 KLPT A. Bit d A/CH4 = 7,25. Tm CTPT, CTCT, tn A
16. Cho 3,52g este no, n (X) tc dng va vi 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M thu c A v B.
t chy hon ton 0,6g B thu c 1,32g CO2 v 0,72g H2O v d B/H2 = 30. Tm CTCT este X, A,
B bit rng B tc dng CuO, to to andehit (gi s cc phn ng xy ra hon ton)
17.C 2 este no, n ng phn ca nhau. X phng ho 22,2g hn hp trn cn 12g NaOH nguyn
cht, mui sinh ra sau khi x phng ho sy kh cn nng 21,8g
a.Tm CTPT, CTCT ca 2 este
b.Tnh khi lng mi este
18.un 85g cht bo trung tnh vi 250ml dd NaOH 2M cho n khi phn ng kt thc. trung
ha lng NaOH cn d cn dng 97ml dung dch H2SO4 1M.
a. x phng ho hon ton 1 tn cht bo trn cn bao nhiu kg NaOH nguyn cht.
b.T 1 tn cht bo c th to ra bao nhiu kg glixrol v bao nhiu kg x phng 72%.
19.Cho 0,25ml NaOH vo 20g cht bo trung tnh v nc ri un ln. Sau phn ng kt thc cn
dung 180ml dung dch HCl 1M trung ho lng NaOH d.
a.Tnh khi lng NaOH nguyn cht cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo trn.
b.Tnh khi lng glixrol v x phng thu c t 1 tn cht bo ,
20.Tng s m g KOH cn dng trung ho axt cacboxylic t do v x phng ho hon ton cht
bo c trong 1g cht bo gi l ch s x phng ho. Tnh ch s x phng ho 1 cht bo bit khi
x phng ho hon ton 25,2 g cht bo cn 900ml dung dch KOH 0,1M
21.X phng l g ?. Ti sao x phng c tc dng git ra ?.
22.Nu s ging nhau v khc nhau gia x phng v cht git ra tng hp ?.
HA HC 12 CB
D. CnH2n +1COOCmH2m +1
HA HC 12 CB
A. C3H7COOH
B.CH3COOC2H5
C.HCOOC3H7
D.C2H5COOCH3
Cu 18: X phng ha 4.2g este hu c n chc X bng dd NaOH d thu c 4.76g mui. Cng
thc ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH3
B.HCOOCH3
C. CH3COOC2H5
D. C2H5COOCH3
Cu 19: t chy han tan 0.11g este to bi axit n no v ancol n no thu c 0.22g CO 2 v
0.09g H2O. Vy CTPT ca ru v axit l cng thc no sau y?
A.CH4O,C2H4O2
B.C2H6O,C2H4O2
C.C2H6O,CH2O2
D.C2H6O,C3H6O2
Cu 20: Cht hu c A mch thng, c cng thc phn t: C 4H8O2. Cho 2,2 gam A phn ng va
v dung dch NaOH, c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c 2,05gam mui. Cng thc cu
to ng ca A l:
A. CH3COOC2H5
B. HCOOC3H7C. C2H5COOCH3
D. C3H7COOH
Cu 21: Thu phn mt este trong mi trng kim ta c ancol etylic m khi lng ancol bng
62% khi lng phn t este. Cng thc este c th l cng thc no di y?
A.HCOOCH3
B.HCOOC2H5
C.CH3COOC2H5
D.C2H5COOC2H5
Cu 22: Thu phn mt este trong mi trng kim thu c mt mui natri c khi lng 41/37
khi lng este.Bit khi lm bay hi 7,4 gam este th th tch hi ca n ng th tch ca 3,2 gam
O2 cng iu kin.Cng thc cu to ca este c th l cng thc no di y?
A.HCOOCH3
B.HCOOC2H5
C.CH3COOCH3
D.CH3COOC2H5
Cu 23: un 12g axitaxetic vi lng d ancol etylic, iu kin v xc tc thch hp. n khi phn
ng dng li thu c 11g este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l bao nhiu?
A. 50%
B.62.5%
C.75%
D.80%
Cu 24: X l este ca axit n chc v ancol n chc. x phng ha hon ton 1,29 gam X
cn dng va 15ml dung dch KOH 1M thu c cht A v B. t chy hon ton mt lng
cht B thy sinh ra 2,24lit CO2 (ktc) v 3,6 gam nc. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH2=CHCOOCH3
B. CH3COOCH3
C. CH3CH2COOCH3
D. CH3COOC2H5
Cu 25: un nng 25.8g hn hp ru etylic v axit axetic c xc tc thu c14.08g este. Nu t
chy han tan lng hn hp thu c 23.4g nc. Thnh phn % ca ancol etylic trong hn
hp u v hiu sut phn ng este ha?
A. 53.5% , 80%
B. 55.3%; 80%
C.60.0%; 75%
D. 45%; 60%
B. HCOOCH2-CH=CH2
D.CH2=CH-COO-CH3
Cu 28: Trong phn ng este ha gia axit v ru th cn bng s chuyn dch theo chiu to ra
nhiu este khi:
A.Gim nng ru v axit B. Cho ru d hoc axit d
C.Lm lnh hn hp phn ng D. Thm este lm mi
Cu 29: Hp cht hu c C4H7O2Cl khi thy phn trong mi trng kim c cc sn phm trong
c hai cht c kh nng trng gng. Cng thc cu to ng l:
A. HCOO-CH2-CHCl-CH3
B. CH3COO-CH2Cl
C. C2H5COO-CH2-CH3
D. HCOOCHCl-CH2-CH3
Cu 30.C 2 hp cht hu c (X), (Y) cha cc nguyn t C, H, O, khi lng phn t u bng
74. Bit (X) tc dng c vi Na, c (X), (Y) u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH v dung
-4-
HA HC 12 CB
HA HC 12 CB
Cu 41: Este X c t khi hi so vi kh CO 2 bng 2. X phng ho hon ton 0,1 mol X bng
100ml dung dch 1M ca mt hidroxit kim loi kim MOH ri chng ct, thu c 9,8g cht rn
khan v 4,6g cht hu c A. Xc nh kim loi kim v este
A.Na v CH3COOC2H5
B.K v C2H5COOCH3
C.Na v CH3COOCH3
D.K v CH3COOC2H5
Cu 42: Mt este to bi axit n chc v ancol n chc c t khi hi so vi CO 2 bng 2. Khi
un nng este ny vi dung dch NaOH to ra mui c khi lng bng 93,18% lng este phn
ng. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este ny l
A.CH3COOCH3
B.HCOOCH3
C.CH3COOC2H5
D.C2H5COOCH3
Cu 43: Este n chc X c phn trm khi lng cc nguyn t C,H,O ln lt l 48,65% , 8,11%
v 43,24%.Tm cng thc phn t ca X
un nng 3,7g X vi dung dch NaOH va n khi phn ng xy ra hon ton.T dung dch
sau phn ng, thu c 4,1g mui rn khan.Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X
A.CTPT ca X l C2H4O2,HCOOCH3
B.CTPT ca X l C4H8O2, CTCT l HCOOC3H7
C.CTPT ca X l C3H6O2, CTCT l HCOOC2H5
D.CTPT ca X l C3H6O2, CTCT l CH3COOCH3
Cu 44:X phng ha ht 1,99 gam hh hai este bng dd NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit
cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hh 2 ancol l ng ng k tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l:
A. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5
B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5
C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7
D. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5
(H khi A 2009)
Cu 45:Cht hu c X c CTPT C5H8O2. Cho 5 gam X tc dng va ht vi dd NaOH, thu c
mt hp cht hu c khng lm mt mu nc brom v 3,4 gam mt mui. Cng thc ca X l
A. HCOOCH(CH3)=CHCH3
B. CH3COOC(CH3)=CH2
C. HCOOCH2CH=CHCH3
D. HCOOCH=CHCH2CH3
(H khi A 2009)
-6-
HA HC 12 CB
LIPIT
I. BI TP T LUN
1. X phng l g ?. Ti sao x phng c tc dng git ra ?.
2. Nu s ging nhau v khc nhau gia x phng v cht git ra tng hp ?.
3. un 85g cht bo trung tnh vi 250ml dd NaOH 2M cho n khi phn ng kt thc. trung
ha lng NaOH cn d cn dng 97ml dung dch H2SO4 1M.
a. x phng ho hon ton 1 tn cht bo trn cn bao nhiu kg NaOH nguyn cht.
b.T 1 tn cht bo c th to ra bao nhiu kg glixrol v bao nhiu kg x phng 72%.
4.Cho 0,25ml NaOH vo 20g cht bo trung tnh v nc ri un ln. Sau phn ng kt thc cn
dung 180ml dung dch HCl 1M trung ho lng NaOH d.
a.Tnh khi lng NaOH nguyn cht cn x phng ho 1 tn cht bo trn.
b.Tnh khi lng glixrol v x phng thu c t 1 tn cht bo ,
5.Tng s m g KOH cn dng trung ho axt cacboxylic t do v x phng ho hon ton cht
bo c trong 1g cht bo gi l ch s x phng ho. Tnh ch s x phng ho 1 tn cht bo bit
khi x phng ho hon ton 25,2 g cht bo cn 900ml dung dch KOH 0,1M
6. Tnh ch s x phng ha ca cht bo c ch s axit bng 6 cha tristearoylglixerol cn ln mt
lung axit stearic.
7. Cn bao nhiu kg cht bo cha 90% khi lng tristearin sn xut 1 tn x phng cha 72%
khi lng mui.
D. axit stearic.
HA HC 12 CB
HA HC 12 CB
Cu 21 Cht bo lun c mt lng nh axt t do. S miligam KOH dng trung ha lng axit
t do trong 1 gam cht bo gi l ch s axit ca cht bo. trung ho 8,4 gam cht bo cn 9,0 ml
dd KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca cht bo l
A.2.
B.5.
C.6.
D.10.
Cu 22 trung ho 4,0 g cht bo c ch s axit l 7 th khi lng ca KOH cn dng l
A.28 mg.
B.280 mg.
C.2,8 mg.
D.0,28 mg.
Cu 23 Khi cho 178 kg cht bo trung tnh cn dng va 120 kg ddNaOH 20% (Gi s phn
ng xy ra hon ton). khi lng x phng thu c l:
A.61,2kg
B.183,6kg
C.122,4kg
D.Gi tr khc
Cu 24 X phng ho hon ton 100 gam cht bo cn 19,72 gam KOH. Ch s x phng ho ca
cht bo l
A.0,1972.
B.1,9720.
C.197,20.
D.19,720.
Cu 25Trong cc cng thc sau, cng thc no l ca cht bo?
A.C3H5(OOCC4H9)3
B.C3H5(OOCC17H35)3
C.(C3H5)3OOCC17H35
D.C3H5(COOC17H35)3
CACBOHIDRAT
-9-
HA HC 12 CB
I. BI TP T LUN
1.Bng phn ng ha hc no c th chng minh nhng c im cu to sao y ca glucz:
a. C nhiu nhm hydroxyl
b. C 5 nhm hydroxyl
c. C nhm chc andehit
2.Vit phn ng ho hc xy ra khi cho:Xenlulz vi axit nitric, axit axetic
3. Chui phn ng ghi r iu kin (nu c)
a.
Xenlulz
Glucz
Ancol etylic
Buta 1,3 ien
etilen
b.
Tinh bt
Glucz
Ancol etylic
Cao su BuNa
PE
Axit axetic
etyl axetat
Vinyl axetat
PE
4. T tinh bt vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch: axit axetic, etylaxetat, PVA, PVC, PE
5. Vit phng trnhphn ng iu ch glucz t: xenlulz, andehit formic, quang hp t cy
xanh
6. Bng phn ng ho hc, hy nhn bit cc l khng nhn.
a.Glixerol, glucoz, ancol etylic, andehit axetic, axit axetic
b.Glixerol, etanol, glucoz, phnol
c.Glucz, tinh bt, sacarz, glixeriol
7.Cho glucz ln men thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO2 sinh ra c hp th ht vo dung
dch Ba(OH)2 d to ra 49,25g kt ta. Tnh khi lng glucz dng bit hiu sut ca qu
trnh ln men l 80%
8. Kh CO2 chim 0,03% Vkk. Cn bao nhiu lt khng kh ( iu kin chun) cung cp CO2
cho qu trnh quang hp to ra 50g tinh bt.
9. un nng dung dch c cha 27g glucz vi dungdch AgNO 3/NH3. Tnh khi lng Ag
sinh ra v khi lng AgNO3 cn dng. Gi s phn ng xy ra hon ton.
10. Ln men glucoz thnh ancol etylic. Ton b kh CO2 sinh ra c hp th vo dung dch
Ca(OH)2 d to ra 50g kt ta.
a.Tnh khi lng ancol sinh ra
b.Tnh khi lng glucz cn cho qu trnh ln men. Bit rng hiu sut ca qu trnh
ln men l 80%
11.
Gluxt (A)
t
hon ton
CO2
0,9g
1,32g
a. Tm CTGN ca A
b. Tm CTPT, CTCT dng mch h ca A bit MA = 180 vC
c. Tnh th tch H2 (kc) hydro ho hon ton 2,7g A
H2O
0,54g
HA HC 12 CB
HA HC 12 CB
D.Dung dch glucoz phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 trong mi trng kim nhit cao to ra phc
ng glucoz [Cu( C6H11O6)] .
Cu 15.un nng dung dch cha 27 g glucoz vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 th khi lng Ag
thu c ti a l
A.21,6g
B.10,8g
C.32,4g
D.16,2g
Cu 16. T glucoz iu ch cao su BuNa theo s sau :
Glucz Ancol etylic Buta-1,3-ien Cao su BuNa
Hiu sut ton b qu trng iu ch l 75%. thu c 32,4 kg Cao su th khi lng
Glucoz cn dng l bao nhiu ?
A.144 kg
B.108 kg
C.0,828 kg
D.p s khc.
Cu 17. Cht no sau y c th tc dng vi Cu(OH)2 :
(1) Glucoz ; (2) Saccaroz ; (3) Glixerin ; (4) Mantoz.
A.1.
B.1, 2
C.1, 2, 3
D.1, 2, 3, 4
Cu 18. Thu phn 1 Kg go cha 75% tinh bt trong mi trng axit. Bit hiu sut phn ng
t 80% th lng glucoz thu c l
A.222,2 g
B.1041,7 g
C.666,7 g
D.888,6 g
Cu 19. Phn ng khng to ra etanol l
A.Ln men glucoz.
B.Cho kh etilen tc dng vi dd H2SO4 long, nng
C.thu phn etylclorua trong mi trng kim
D.cho axetilen tc dng vi nc, xt, to.
Cu 20. Mun iu ch 100 lit ru vang 10o( khi lng ring ca C2H5OH l 0.8 g/ml v hiu
sut ln men l 95%). Khi lng glucoz cn dng l
A.16,476 kg
B.15,65kg
C.31,3kg
D.20 kg
Cu 21. Gia saccaroz v glucoz c c im ging nhau l
A.u ly t ma hay ca ci ng
B.u c bit danh huyt thanh ngt .
C.u b oxi ha bi dung dch AgNO3/NH3.
D.u ho tan Cu(OH)2 nhit thng cho dung dch xanh lam.
Cu 22. Khi lng phn t trung bnh ca xenluloz trong si bng l 1 750 000 vC. S gc
glucoz C6H10O5 trong phn t ca xenluloz l
A.10 802 gc
B.1 621 gc
C. 422 gc
D. 21 604 gc
Cu 23. Cho s chuyn ha sau: tinh bt X Y axit axetic. X v Y ln lt l:
A. Ancol etylic, etyl axetat
B. Glucozo, ancol etylic
C. Glucozo, andehit axetic
D. Glucozo, axit lactic
Cu 24. Kh glucoz bng hiro to sorbitol. Khi lng glucoz cn to ra 1,82 gam
sorbitol vi hiu sut 80% l
A.2,25g
B.1,44g
C.22,5g
D.14,4g
Cu 25. Xenluloz nitrat c iu ch t xenluloz v axit nitric c c xc tc l axit
sunfuric c nng. c 29,7 kg xenluloz nitrat, cn dng dd cha m kilogram axit nitric
( hiu sut phn ng 90%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 30
B. 31
C. 42
D. 10
HA HC 12 CB
+
b C5H13N
-13-
HA HC 12 CB
3 - Gii thch s nh hng qua li gia nhm amino (-NH2) v gc phenyl (C6H5 -) trong phn
ng anilin. Minh ho bng phng trnh phn ng ha hc.
4 - Chui phn ng:
aCH3COOH
CH4
C 2H 2
C 6H 6
C6H5OH
C6H5NH2
C,6000C
Cl2,Fe,To
HNO 3 /H2SO4
c-
C6H5NH3Cl
b
A
Br2 d
NaOH
t d
Fe +HCl
+CO2 +H2O
phenol
Br2
+Br2
HA HC 12 CB
-15-
NH2
A. (2), (4)
B. (3), (1)
C. (1), (5)
D. (2), (5)
Cu 14: Hp cht hu c X mch h cha C, H, N trong N chim 31,1% v khi lng tc
dng c vi HCl theo t l mol 1:1. CT ca X l:
A. C3H7NH2
B. C2H5NH2
C. CH3NH2
D. C4H9NH2
Cu 15: Cht no sau y khng c kh nng tham gia phn ng trng ngng
A. CH3CH(NH2)COOH
C. CH3CH(OH)COOH
B. HCOOCH2CH2CH2NH2
D. HOCH2 CH2OH
Cu 16: ti to li anilin t dung dch phenyl amoniclorua phi dng dung dch cht no sau y:
A. Dung dch HCl
B. Dung dch NaOH
C. Dung dch Br2
D. C A, B, C
Cu 17: t chy mt ng ng ca metyl amin ngi ta thu c th tch CO2 v hi nc theo
t l VCO2 : VH2O = 2:3. Tn gi ca amin l:
A. Metyl amin
C. Butyl amin
B. Etyl amin
D. Tri metyl amin
Cu 18: Cho cc cht sau: Ru etylic (1), etylamin (2), metylamin (3), axit axetic (4). Sp xp
theo chiu c nhit si tng dn:
A. (2)<(3)<(4)<(1)
C. (3)<(2)<(1)<(4)
B. (2)<(3)<(1)<(4)
D. (1)<(3)<(2)<(4)
Cu 19: Phng php no thng dng iu ch amin no dn chc
A. Cho dn xut halogen tc dng vi NH3
B. Cho ancol tc dng vi NH3
C. Hidro ha hp cht nitrin
D. Kh hp cht nitro bng hidro nguyn t
Cu 20: L do no sau y gii thch tnh baz ca etylamin mnh hn amoniac:
A. Nguyn t N cn i electron cha to lin kt
C. Nguyn t N c m in ln
B. nh hng y eslectron ca nhm C2H5
D. Nguyn t N trng thi lai ha
Cu 21: Poli peptit l hp cht cao phn t c hnh thnh t phn ng trng ngng cc
A. Phn t axit v ancol
C. Phn t axit v andehit
B. Phn t amino Axit
D. Phn t ancol v amin
Cu 22: X l mt amino axit no ch cha mt nhm NH2 v mt nhm COOH. Cho 1,78g X tha
gia phn ng va vi HCl to ra 2,51g mui. CTCT ca X l:
A. NH2 CH2 COOH
C. CH3 - CH CH2 COOH
NH2
B. CH3 CH COOH
D. CH3 CH2 CH2 CH COOH
NH2
NH2
Cu 23: t chy hon ton hn hp 2 amin n chc no ng ng k tip thu c 4,48 lt kh
CO2 v 7,2g H2O. CTPT ca 2 amin ln lt l:
A. CH3NH2 v C2H5NH2
C. C3H7NH2 v C4H9NH2
B. C2H5NH2 v C3H7NH2
D. C2H5NH2 v C4H9NH2
Cu 24: Alanin khng tc dng vi:
A. CaCO3
B. C2H5OH
C. NaCl
D. H2SO4 long
Cu 25: phn bit cc cht: Alanin, axit glutamic, lizin ta ch cn dng:
A. Cu(OH)2, to
B. HNO3
C. dd Na2CO3
D. Qy tm
Cu 26: Hp cht C3H7O2N tc dng c vi NaOH, H2SO4 v lm mt mu dd Brom. CTCT ca n l:
A. CH3 CH COOH
B. H2N CH2 CH2 COOH
C. CH2 = CH COONH4
D. A v B ng
NH2
Cu 27: trung ha 200ml dd amino axit X 1M cn 160g dd KOH 14%, c cn dd thu c 3,2g
mui khan. X c CTCT:
A. H2N CH(COOH)2
C. H2N CH2 CH2 COOH
B. (H2N)2CH COOH
D. H2N CH2 CH(COOH)2
Cu 28: Cho 0,01mol amino axit X phn ng va vi 0,02mol HCl hoc 0,01mol NaOH. Cng
thc cu to ca X l
A. H2NRCOOH
B. H2NR(COOH)2 C. (H2N)2RCOOH
D. (H2N)2R(COOH)2
Cu 29: Cho s : (X)
(Y)
(Z)
M (trng)
Cc cht X, Y, Z ph hp s trn l:
A. C6H6, C6H5NO2, C6H5NH2
B. C6H5CH(CH3)2), C6H5OH, C6H5NH2
HA HC 12 CB
D - (H2N)2C3H5COOH
HA HC 12 CB
HA HC 12 CB
HA HC 12 CB
HA HC 12 CB