1

Bi ging v ATM

Phn 1: Nguyn l ATM
3.6.1.2 M hnh tham chiu giao thc ca mng B-ISDN
mt phng qun l, mt phng iu khin (hay bo hiu) v mt phng ca ngi s dng.

Hnh 3.19: M hnh tham chiu giao thc B-ISDN (BISDN-
PRM)
- Mt phng qun l: Bao gm hai chc nng chnh l chc
nng chnh qun l mt phng (Plane Management) v
chc nng qun l lp (Layer Management), nhim v ca
n l to s phi hp lm vic gia nhng mt phng khc
nhau.
- Mt phng ngi s dng: Nhim v ca mt phng ny
l truyn thng tin ca ngi s dng t im A ti im
B trn mng. Tt c cc c ch c lin quan nh iu khin
lung, iu khin tc nghn, chng li u c thc hin mt
phng ny.
- Mt phng iu khin (hoc bo hiu): Mt phng ny c nhim v thc hin cc chc nng iu
khin ng ni (Connection control) v cuc gi (Call control). Chng thc hin cc chc nng
bo hiu c lin quan ti vic thit lp, gim st v gii phng ng ni hoc cuc gi.
3.6.1.3 Cu trc chc nng ca ATM
Cu trc tham chiu chc nng ca ATM ch ra cc chc nng ca mi lp c th trn m hnh BISDN-
PRM. Bng 3.4 trnh by cc chc nng .
Bng 3.4: Chc nng cc lp ca B-ISDN
Qun l
lp
Cc lp cao hn
Lp thch
ng ATM
(AAL)
Lp con hi t truyn
(CS - Convergence
Sublayer)
- Nhn/gi cc PDU t/ti cc lp cao hn
v to dng CS-PDU (Convergence Sublayer
- Protocol Data Unit).
- Kim tra s khi phc chnh xc cc CS-
PDU.
- Pht hin s mt cc t bo ca CS-PDU.
- Cung cp mt vi chc nng ALL trong
phn tiu CS-PDU.
- iu khin lung, gi cc thng ip tr
li hoc yu cu truyn li cc t bo
li.
2
Lp con to v tho t bo
(SAR - Segmentation And
Reassembly)
- To cc t bo t CS-PDU, khi phc cc
CS-PDU t t bo.
- To ra trng kiu on nh BOM, COM, EOM,
SSM.
- Kim tra m d vng CRC trong trng d
liu ca t bo.
- To ra hai byte tiu v hai byte cui
ca SAR-PDU.
Lp ATM
- iu khin lung chnh.
- To ra hoc phn tch phn tiu ca
t bo.
- c v thay i phn tiu t bo.
- Thc hin phn knh/hp knh cc t bo.
Lp vt
l
Lp con hi t truyn dn
(TC - Transmission
Convergence)
- Thm vo hoc ly ra cc t bo trng
(idle cell).
- To v kim tra m HEC.
- Nhn dng gii hn ca t bo.
- Bin i dng t bo thnh cc khung ph
hp vi h thng truyn dn.
- Pht/khi phc cc khung truyn dn.
Lp con ng truyn vt l
(PM - Physical Medium)
- ng b bit.
- Thu, pht s liu.

AU: n v iu khin (Administrative
Unit).
SOH: Trng tiu khung (Section
Overhead).
C: Container.
STM-1: Khung ng b cp 1 (Synchronous
Transport Modul 1).
POH: Trng tiu d liu (Path
Overhead).
VC-4: Container o 4.
PTR: Con tr (Pointer).
3
(Hnh 3.22a)

(Hnh 3.22b)
Hnh 3.22: a) Cu trc khung truyn dn SDH tc 155,52 Mbit/s. b) Cu trc giao din da trn c s t bo
3.6.2.2 Chc nng ca lp ATM
- iu khin lung chnh (GFC): Nh trnh by, chc nng iu khin lung chnh GFC ch c
giao din gia mng v ngi s dng UNI, n cung cp giao thc iu khin lung thng tin ti t
mng ca ngi s dng CN hoc t cc thu bao. GFC cn c th c s dng gim bt tnh
trng qu ti ca mng.
- To v tch trng tiu ca t bo: Chc nng ny c thc hin im kt thc hoc bt u
ca dng thng tin lp ATM. Ti u pht sau khi nhn c phn d liu 48 byte t lp AAL,
phn tiu s c ghp vo vi trng d liu ny, tr byte HEC (vic to v kim tra m HEC
c thc hin lp con TC). Cc gi tr VPI v VCI s c to ra da trn s hiu nhn dng ca
im truy nhp dch v SAP. Ti u thu, trng tiu c tch ra khi t bo ATM, ch c trng
thng tin 48 byte c gi ti lp AAL. Ti y, gi tr VPI v VCI c dng nhn dng im
truy nhp dch v.
- c v thay i gi tr VPI, VCI: Thay i gi tr VPI v VCI l chc nng c bn ca chuyn
mch ATM. N c thc hin cc nt chuyn mch hoc nt ni xuyn trong mng. Trong nt
ni xuyn, mi gi tr VCI ca t bo n u vo s nhn c mt gi tr mi u ra, gi tr VCI
c gi nguyn. Mt khc ti nt chuyn mch ATM, c VPI v VCI u c thay i.
- Phn knh v hp knh cc t bo: Ti u pht, cc t bo thuc v cc knh o VC v ng o
VP khc nhau s c hp knh thnh cc dng t bo duy nht. Ti u thu, dng t bo ATM c
phn thnh cc ng o v knh o c lp i ti thit b thu.
3.6.3 Lp cao trong B-ISDN
3.6.3.1 Chc nng v phn loi AAL
AAL c chia nh thnh hai lp con l: Lp con thit lp v tho t bo (SAR - Segmentation And
Reassembly) v Lp con hi t (CS - Convergence Sublayer).
Chc nng chnh ca SAR l chia cc PDU ca lp cao hn thnh cc phn tng ng vi 48 byte ca trng
d liu trong t bo ATM ti u pht. Ti u thu, SAR ly thng tin trong trng d liu ca t bo ATM
khi phc li cc PDU hon chnh.
Lp con CS ph thuc vo loi dch v. N cung cp cc dch v ca lp AAL cho cc lp cao hn thng
qua: im truy nhp dch v (SAP).
Bng 3.6: Bng phn loi cc nhm ALL
Nhm A Nhm B Nhm C Nhm D
Mi quan h thi gian gia
ngun v ch
Yu cu thi gian thc Khng yu cu thi gian thc
4
Tc truyn Khng i Thay i
Kiu lin kt Hng lin kt
Khng lin
kt
- Nhm A (m phng chuyn mch knh): Phc v cc dch v yu cu thi gian thc, tc truyn
khng i, kiu truyn hng lin kt. Cc dch v thuc v loi ny thng l ting ni v tn hiu
Video c tc khng i.
- Nhm B: L cc dch v thi gian thc, tc truyn thay i, kiu truyn hng lin kt. Cc dch
v ca n thng l tn hiu Audio v Video c tc thay i.
- Nhm C: L cc dch v khng yu cu thi gian thc, tc truyn thay i, phng php truyn
hng lin kt. N phc v cho cc dch v truyn s liu hng lin kt v bo hiu.
- Nhm D: Bao gm cc dch v khng yu cu thi gian thc, tc thay i, kiu truyn khng
lin kt. c s dng cho cc dch v truyn s liu khng lin kt.
Da vo phn loi trn, ITU-T a ra mt vi kiu AAL. Sau y ta s ln lt xem xt tng loi:
3.6.3.2 Cc loi AAL
3.6.3.2.1 AAL kiu 1
AAL phc v cho cc loi dch v thuc nhm A, n thu hoc pht cc n v s liu dch v (SDU -
Service Data Unit) ca lp trn theo thi gian thc vi tc truyn khng i. Cc chc nng c bn ca
AAL 1 bao gm: phn tch v to li (Segmentation and Reassembly) thng tin ca ngi s dng, khi
phc ng b u thu, pht hin li trong trng thng tin iu khin t bo v khi phc li thng tin ti
bn nhn.
Lp con SAR:
n v s liu giao thc SAR-PDU gm c 48 byte. Octet u tin l trng thng tin iu khin giao thc
PCI. PCI bao gm 4 bit ch th t (SN - Sequence Number) v 4 bit m chng li (SNP - Sequence
Number Protection) cho SN. Trng SN li c chia nh ra thnh bit ch th lp con hi t (CSI -
Convergence Sublayer Indication) v 3 bit m th t (SC - Sequence Count). Hnh 3.23 th hin dng
SAR-PDU ca AAL 1.

Hnh 3.23: Dng SAR-PDU ca AAL kiu 1

Gi tr SC cho php pht hin cc t bo b mt
hoc b truyn nhm. Bit CSI c s dng
truyn thng tin ng b hoc cc thng tin v
cu trc d liu. Trng SNP cha m CRC vi a
thc sinh G(x)=x
3
+x+1 pht hin v sa li
cho SN, bit cui cng l bit P (Parity) kim tra
chn l c by bit u ca PCI.

Lp con CS:
Cc chc nng ca lp con CS hon ton ph thuc vo loi dch v bao gm mt s chc nng c bn nh:
- X l cc gi tr tr t bo: cc gi tr tr khc nhau c x l thng qua mt b m. Nu b m
rng th h thng t ng chn thm mt s bit, nu b m trn th mt s bit s b hu.
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- X l cc t bo b mt hoc chn nhm.
- Khi phc tn hiu ng b: s dng phng php nh du thi gian d ng b (SRTS -
Synchronous Residual Time Stamp). Mc thi gian d (RTS - Residual Time Stamp) c s dng
o c v mang thng tin v khc nhau gia ng h ng b chung ly trong mng v ng
b ca thit b cung cp dch v. Bn bit RTS c truyn i trong trng CSI ca cc t bo l.
- Truyn i cc thng tin v cu trc d liu gia ngun v ch: c s dng trong trng hp d
liu c truyn c dng cu trc.
- Sa li trc (FEC - Forward Error Correction): m bo cht lng dch v cao cho mt s ng
dng Video v Audio.
3.6.3.2.2 AAL kiu 2
AAL 2 s dng cho cc dch v c tc thay i c truyn theo thi gian thc (thuc nhm B). Cc
chc nng ca AAL 2 vn cha c nh ngha r rng tuy nhin c th cho rng AAL 2 c pht trin t
AAL 1, n c cc chc nng sau: trao i s liu c tc thay i gia lp cao hn vi lp ATM, x l
tr t bo, phn tch v khi phc li thng tin cho ngi s dng, x l cc loi li t bo cng nh cc tn
hiu ng b u thu.
3.6.3.2.3 AAL kiu 3/4
AAL 3/4 c pht trin t AAL 3 (phc v cho cc dch v loi C) v AAL 4 (phc v cho cc dch v
loi D). Ngy nay hai kiu AAL trn hp li thnh AAL 3/4, lp AAL ny tho mn cc dch v thuc loi
C v D. Hnh 3.24 l cu trc ca AAL 3/4 trong lp con CS c chia thnh hai phn l phn chung
(CPCS - Common Part CS) v phn ph thuc dch v (SSCS - Service Specific CS).

Hnh 3.24: AAL kiu 3/4 hoc 5.
AAL 3/4 cung cp hai kiu dch v c bn l dch v kiu thng
ip (Message Mode Service) truyn cc s liu c ng
thnh khung (nh cc khung HDLC) v dch v kiu dng bit
(Streaming Mode Service) truyn s liu tc thp vi
yu cu tr nh.
Trong dch v kiu thng ip, mt n v s liu dch v AAL-
SDU c truyn trong mt hoc vi CS-PDU. Vi SAR-PDU li
c to ra t cc CS-PDU ny. Hnh 3.25 minh ha phng php
ny.

Trong dch v kiu dng bit, mt vi AAL-SDU c kch thc c nh c truyn trong mt CS-PDU (hnh
3.26)

Hnh 3.25: Dch v kiu thng ip
6

Hnh 3.26: Dch v kiu dng bit
Hai th tc hot ng ng cp (Peer-to-Peer) c s dng cho c hai kiu dch v trn, l hot ng c
m bo (Assured Operation) v hot ng khng m bo (Non-Assured Operation). Trong hot ng c
m bo, cc AAL-SDU b mt hoc c li s c truyn li. hot ng khng m bo khng c vic
truyn li cc gi.
Lp con SAR
Ni chung cc CS-PDU c di thay i, v vy SAR-PDU gm 44 octet l s liu ca CS-PDU. Bn
octet cn li c dnh cho cc thng tin iu khin. Trng kiu on (ST - Segment Type) c di 2 bit,
n ch ra loi ca CS-PDU c cha trong SAR-PDU nh: phn u ca CS-PDU (BOM - Beginning of
Message), phn gia (COM - Continuation of Message), phn cui (EOM - End of Message) v cc CS-
PDU n (SSM - Single Segment Message). Trng ch th di trng thng tin (LI - Length Indicator)
ch ra s octet ca CS-PDU c cha trong trng d liu ca SAR-PDU. LI c di 6 bit. Ngoi ra trong
SAR-PDU cn c trng s th t gi (SN - Sequence Number) di 4 bit. Mi khi nhn c SAR-PDU
thuc v mt cuc ni, gi tr ca SN li tng ln mt n v.
Pht hin li l chc nng th hai ca lp con SAR. Trng chng li CRC di 10 bit thc hin vic kim
tra li bit trong SAR-PDU, cc thng ip bo hiu c gi cho CS nu c li xy ra. Gi tr CRC c tnh
cho trng tiu , trng d liu v trng LI vi a thc sinh G(x)=x
10
+x
9
+x
5
+x
4
+x+1. Lp con SAR cn c
kh nng pht hin cc gi SAR-PDU b mt hoc chn nhm.
Chc nng th ba ca SAR l ng thi phn knh hoc hp knh cc CS-PDU ca cc cuc ni mc
AAL khc nhau thnh mt ng ni n mc ATM. Chc nng ny s dng trng s hiu nhn dng
hp knh (MID - Multiplexing Identifier) di 10 bit. Cc SAR-PDU vi s hiu nhn dng MID khc nhau
s thuc v cc CS-PDU ring bit. Vic phn/hp knh phi c thc hin trn c s t u cui ti u
cui, nhng ng ni lp ATM bao gm cc cuc ni lp AAL khc nhau s c x l nh mt thc th n.
Hnh 3.27 trnh by cu trc khung SAR-PDU ca AAL 3/4.

Hnh 3.27: Dng SAR-PDU ca AAL 3/4
Lp con CS
Nh bit lp con CS c chia thnh hai phn l phn chung CPCS v phn ph thuc dch v SSCS.
Chc nng cng nh cu trc ca SSCS hin ti vn cha r rng v i hi phi nghin cu thm. phn
7
CPCS truyn cc khung s liu ca ngi s dng vi di bt k trong khong t mt octet ti 65535
octet. Cc chc nng ca CPCS nm trong 4 octet phn tiu v 4 octet phn ui. Trng ch th
phn chung (CPI - Common Part Indicator) c s dng qun l phn cn li ca tiu v phn ui.
Trng nhn hiu u (Btag - Beginning Tag) v nhn hiu kt thc (Etag - Ending Tag) cho php to nn
s lin kt mt cch chnh xc gia phn tiu v phn ui ca khung. Trng kch thc b m ti ch
(BASize - Buffer Allocation Size) thng bo cho u thu kch thc b m ti a cn thit nhn CPCS-
SDU. Trng m (PAD - Padding) m bo sao cho trng d liu ca CPCS-PDU l mt s nguyn ln
ca 4 octet, do n c di t 0 octet ti 3 octet. Trng sp xp (AL - Alignment) c s dng sp
xp phn ui 32 bit cu CPCS-PDU. Trng di (Length) ch ra di ca trng d liu. Hnh 3.28
minh ho cu trc CPCS-PDU ca AAL kiu 3/4.

Hnh 3.28: Cu trc ca CPCS-PDU ca AAL 3/4
3.6.3.2.4 AAL kiu 5
AAL kiu 5 phc v cho cc dch v c tc thay i, khng theo thi gian thc. Cng ging nh AAL
3/4, AAL 5 c s dng ch yu cho cc yu cu v truyn s liu. Tuy vy, ITU-T a ra AAL kiu 5
nhm mc ch gim di phn thng tin iu khin giao thc (PCI- bao gm phn tiu v phn ui).
AAL 5 c cc chc nng v giao thc hot ng nh AAL 3/4. im khc nhau chnh ca hai loi ny l
AAL 5 khng a ra kh nng phn/hp knh, do n khng c trng MID. AAL 5 ch yu c s dng
cho bo hiu trong mng ATM.
D:\UsersKhuongDetai2000ATM E_bookPHAN1CH3" l
Hnh 3.29: Cu trc CPCS-PDU ca AAL kiu 5
Lp con SAR
Lp con SAR chp nhn cc SDU c di l mt s nguyn ln ca 48 octet c gi xung t CPCS, n
khng b sung thm cc trng thng tin iu khin (nh phn tiu v phn ui) vo cc SDU va nhn
c. SAR ch thc hin chc nng phn tch (Segmentation) u pht v to ra gi u thu. nhn
bit c im bt u v kt thc ca SAR-PDU, AAL 5 s dng trng AUU nm trong trng PT (Payload
Type) tiu ca t bo ATM. Gi tr AUU=1 ch ra im kt thc, trong khi AUU=0 ch ra im bt
u hoc tip tc ca SAR-PDU.
Lp con CS
Phn CPCS cung cp cc chc nng truyn cc khung s liu ca ngi s dng vi di bt k t mt
octet ti 65535 octet. Thm vo , trong CPCS-PDU cn c trng UU (CPCS User-to-User indication)
di mt octet mang thng tin CPCS ca ngi s dng. Trng di Length ch ra di ca phn d liu
trong CPCS-PDU. M CRC di 32 bit c s dng chng li. Hnh 3.29 th hin cu trc ca CPCS-
PDU ca AAL 5.
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3.3 Cu trc t bo ATM
ATM c c im hng lin kt do khc vi mng chuyn mch gi cc a ch ngun v ch, s th
t gi khng cn thit trong ATM. Hn na do cht lng ca ng truyn rt tt nn cc c ch chng li
trn c s t lin kt ti lin kt cng c b qua. Ngoi ra ATM cng khng cung cp cc c ch iu
khin lung gia cc nt mng do c cu iu khin cuc gi ca n. V vy chc nng ca phn tiu t
bo ATM ch cn l nhn dng cuc ni o.
Phn tiu t bo ATM c hai dng: mt dng l cc t bo c truyn trn giao din gia ngi s dng
v mng (UNI - User-Network Interface), dng cn li l cc t bo c truyn gia cc nt chuyn mch
(NNI - Network Node Interface) (xem hnh 3.8).
3.3.1 S hiu nhn dng knh o (VCI) v ng o (VPI)
Knh truyn ATM c th truyn vi tc t vi Kbit/s ti vi trm Mbit/s ti mt thi im no v th
VCI c dng nhn dng cc knh c truyn ng thi trn ng truyn dn. Thng thng trn mt -
ng truyn c hng ngn knh nh vy nn VCI c di 16 bit (tng ng vi 65535 knh).
Hnh 35: Cu
trc t bo
ATM ti giao
din NNI

Do mng ATM c c im hng lin kt nn mi cuc ni c gn mt s hiu nhn dng VCI ti thi
im thit lp. Mi gi tr VCI ch c ngha ti tng lin kt t nt ti nt ca mng. Khi cuc ni kt
thc, VCI c gii phng dng cho cuc ni khc. Ngoi ra VCI cn c u im trong vic s dng cho
cc cuc ni a dch v.
Hnh 36: Cu
trc t bo
ATM ti giao
din UNI

VCI c s dng thit lp cuc ni ng o cho mt s cuc ni knh o VCC. VPI cho php n gin
ho cc th tc chn tuyn cng nh qun l, n c di 8 hoc 12 bit tu thuc t bo ATM ang c
truyn qua giao din UNI hay NNI.
T hp ca VCI v VPI to thnh mt gi tr duy nht cho mi cuc ni. Tu thuc vo v tr i vi hai
im cui ca cuc ni m nt chuyn mch ATM s nh ng da trn gi tr ca VPI v VCI hay ch
da trn gi tr VPI. Tuy vy cn lu rng VCI v VPI ch c ngha trn tng chng lin kt ca cuc
ni. Chng c s dng vic chn ng trn cc chng ny c d dng hn. Do s VPI v VCI qu
nh nn chng khng th c s dng nh mt s hiu nhn dng ton cc v kh nng xy ra hai cuc ni
s dng ngu nhin cng mt s VPI v VCI l rt cao. khc phc ngi ta cho VCI v VPI l duy nht
trn mi on lin kt. Trn tng on lin kt ny, hai nt chuyn mch s dng VPI v VCI nh s hiu
nhn dng cho mi cuc ni trn on . Khi qua nt chuyn mch, VPI v VCI nhn cc gi tr mi
ph hp vi on tip theo.
3.3.2 Trng kiu t bo (PT - Payload Type)
9
PT l mt trng gm 3 bit c nhim v phn bit cc kiu t bo khc nhau nh: t bo mang thng tin ca
ngi s dng, t bo mang thng tin v gim st, vn hnh, bo dng (OAM - Operation Administration
Maintenance).
- Nu bit u ca PT c gi tr 0 th y l t bo ca ngi s dng. Khi bit th hai trong PT bo
hiu tc ngn trong mng cn bit th 3 c chc nng bo hiu cho lp thch ng ATM (ALL -
ATM Adaption Layer).
- Nu bit u ca PT c gi tr 1 th y l t bo mang cc thng tin qun l mng (xem hnh 3.7 v
bng 3.1).

Hnh 3.7: Cu trc trng PT trong t bo mang thng tin ca ngi s
dng.
Bng 3.1: Cu trc trng PT trong t bo mang thng tin OAM
Dng bit Chc nng
100 T bo OAM lp F5 lin quan ti lin kt (OAM F5 Segment Associated)
101 T bo OAM lp F5 lin quan ti u cui (OAM F5 End-to-End Associated)
110 T bo qun l ti nguyn
111 Dnh cho vic s dng trong tng lai
Ngoi ra cn c hai kiu t bo c bit l t bo khng xc nh (unassigned cell) v t bo trng (idle
cell). T bo khng xc nh v t bo trng u c c im chung l chng khng mang thng tin ca
ngi s dng. Tuy nhin t bo trng ch tn ti mc vt l cn t bo khng xc nh tn ti c mc
ATM ln mc vt l (xem 3.6.1). T bo khng xc nh s c gi i khi khng c thng tin hu ch
dnh sn trn u pht.
3.3.3 Trng quy nh mc u tin mt t bo (CLP - Cell Loss Priority)
CLP l trng dng phn loi cc cuc ni khc nhau theo mc u tin khi cc ti nguyn trong mng
khng cn l ti u na. Th d trong trng hp qu ti ch c cc cuc ni c mc u tin thp l b mt
thng tin. C hai loi u tin khc nhau l u tin v mt ni dung v u tin v mt thi gian. Trong ch u
tin v mt thi gian, vi t bo c th c tr trong mng di hn cc t bo khc. Trong ch u tin
v mt ni dung, cc t bo c u tin cao hn s c xc sut mt t hn.
Cc mc u tin c th c n nh trn c s cuc ni (qua mi VCI hoc VPI) hoc trn c s mi t bo.
Trong trng hp th nht, tt c cc t bo thuc v mt knh o hoc ng o s c mt mc u tin xc
nh. Trong trng hp th hai, mi t bo thuc v mt knh o hoc ng o s c cc mc u tin khc
nhau.
3.3.4 Trng iu khin li tiu (HEC - Header Error Control)
10
Trng iu khin li tiu (HEC) cha m d vng (CRC - Cyclic Redundancy Check). M ny c tnh
ton cho 5 byte tiu . Do phn tiu b thay i sau tng chng nn CRC cn c kim tra v tnh ton
li vi mi chng. a thc sinh c dng y l a thc: x
8
+x
2
+x+1. a thc ny c th sa ton b cc
li n v pht hin ra phn ln cc li nhm.
3.3.5 Trng iu khin lung chung (GFC - Generic Flow Control)
giao din gia ngi s dng v mng (UNI), phn tiu c vi khc bit so vi giao din (NNI). S
khc nhau cn bn nht l trng VPI b rt ngn cn li 8 bit (so vi 12 bit giao din NNI), thay vo ch
4 bit ca VPI l trng iu khin lung chung (GFC).
Chc nng ca GFC c nu ra trong khuyn ngh I.150 ca ITU-T. C ch ca GFC cho php iu khin
lung cc cuc ni ATM giao din UNI. N c s dng lm gim tnh trng qu ti trong thi gian
ngn c th xy ra trong mng ca ngi s dng. C ch GFC dng cho c cc cuc ni t im ti im
v t im ti nhiu im.
Khi kt hp mng ATM vi cc mng khc nh DQDB (Distributed Queue Dual Bus), SMDS (Switched
Multi-megabit Data Service), GFC a ra 4 bit nhm bo hiu cho cc mng ny lm th no hp knh
cc t bo ca cc cuc ni khc nhau. Mi mng u c mt giao thc truy nhp ring, do hu nh mi
mng u phi c mt logic iu khin tng ng dng GFC cho cc giao thc truy nhp ca ring cc
mng ny. Do trong trng hp ny, GFC thc cht l mt b cc gi tr chun nh ngha mc u
tin ca ATM i vi cc quy lut truy nhp vo cc mng khc nhau.
Vic buc phi s dng trng iu khin lung chung GFC l mt nhc im c bn ca ATM, n to ra
s khc nhau gia cc t bo ti giao din UNI v NNI do cc giao thc trong ATM khng phi l giao
thc ng nht. Trong mng s dng cc giao thc ng nht, cc thit b vin thng c th c lp t
vo bt k mt ni no trong mng. Trong khi trong ATM, ta phi ch xem thit b c lp t c
thch hp vi giao din cho hay khng.
3.3.6 Cc gi tr mc nh ca tiu t bo ATM
phn bit cc t bo c s dng lp ATM vi nhng t bo ca lp vt l v cc t bo khng xc
nh, ngi ta s dng cc gi tr tiu mc nh. Qu trnh x l t bo c tin hnh da trn cc gi tr
ny. Bng 3.2 th hin cc gi tr tiu t bo ATN ti UNI.
Bng 3.2: Gi tr mc nh ca tiu t bo ti giao din UNI
Kiu
Gi tr
Octet 1 Octet 2 Octet 3 Octet 4 Octet 5
T bo lp vt l pppp0000 00000000 00000000 0000ppp1 M HEC
T bo khng xc nh gggg0000 00000000 00000000 0000xxx0 M HEC
Bo hiu trao i ggggyyyy yyyy0000 00000000 0001a00 M HEC
Bo hiu truyn thng chung ggggyyyy yyyy0000 00000000 00100aa0 M HEC
Bo hiu t im ti a im ggggyyyy yyyy0000 00000000 01010aa0 M HEC
T bo OAM mc F4 lin quan ti lin kt ggggzzzz zzzz0000 00000000 00110a0a M HEC
T bo OAM mc F4 lin quan ti u cui ggggzzzz zzzz0000 00000000 01000a0a M HEC
Qun l ti nguyn ggggzzzz zzzzvvvv vvvvvvvv vvvv110a M HEC
11
Dnh cho chc nng sau ny ggggzzzz zzzzvvvv vvvvvvvv vvvv111a M HEC
a - bit s dng cho cc chc nng ca lp ATM.
g - bit ny s dng trong giao thc ca GFC.
p - bit s dng cho lp vt l.
v - bit biu th mt gi tr VCI bt k khc 0.
x - bit mang gi tr bt k.
y - bit biu th mt gia tr VPI bt k. Nu VPI=0, gi tr VCI c s dng
cho knh o bo hiu t ngi s dng ti nt chuyn mch a phng.
z - bit biu th gi tr VPI bt k.
Nguyn l chuyn mch v bo hiu trong ATM
3.4.1 Nguyn l chuyn mch
Trong mi trng ATM, vic chuyn mch cc t bo c thc hin trn c s cc gi tr VCI/VPI. Nh
ni, cc gi VPI, VCI ni chung ch c hiu lc trn mt chng. Khi t bo ti nt chuyn mch, gi tr ca
VPI hoc c VPI v VCI c thay i cho ph hp vi chng tip theo. Thit b chuyn mch c thc
hin ch da trn gi tr VPI c gi l chuyn mch VP (VP Swich), nt ni xuyn (ATM Cross Connect)
hoc b tp trung (Concentrator). Nu thit b chuyn mch thay i c hai gi tr VPI v VCI (cc gi tr
VPI/VCI thay i u ra) th n c gi l chuyn mch VC (VC Switch) hoc chuyn mch ATM (ATM
Switch).

D1, D2: B ni xuyn.
T: Chuyn mch ATM.
A, B: Thit b cui.
Hnh 3.8: Cuc ni knh o thng qua nt chuyn mch v b ni xuyn.
12
Hnh 3.8 minh ha mt cuc ni knh o VCC thng thng, T l nt chuyn mch ni m gi tr VPI v
VCI b thay i. A v B l hai thit b u cui; D1, D2 l cc b ni xuyn ni ch thay i cc gi tr
VPI; ai, xi ln lt l cc gi tr VPI, VCI tng ng.

Hnh 3.9: Nguyn tc chuyn mch VP
Hnh 3.9 l s gii thch nguyn l chuyn mch VP. Chuyn mch VP l ni bt u v kt thc cc
lin kt ng o, do n cn phi chuyn cc gi tr VPI u vo thnh cc gi tr VPI tng ng u
ra sao cho cc lin kt ng o ny thuc v cng mt cuc ni o cho trc. Lc ny cc gi tr VCI c
gi nguyn.
Khc vi chuyn mch VP, chuyn mch VC l im cui ca cc lin kt knh o v lin kt ng o. V
vy trong chuyn mch VC, gi tr ca c VPI v VCI u b thay i. Bi v trong chuyn mch VC cn
bao gm c chuyn mch VP do v mt nguyn tc, chuyn mch VC c th thc hin cc chc nng
nh mt chuyn mch VP. Hnh 3.10 gii thch nguyn tc chuyn mch VC.
Phn 2: VOATM - Voice Over ATM


Vic thc hin truyn voice trn mng ATM hin nay c nhiu gii php
k thut v cch ng dng chng cng khc nhau.
5.3 Kt ni cc ng trung k bng cc ATM VCC
ATM-Forum cng nh ngha 3 nguyn l c bn ca vic truyn cc
dng thoi s trn mng ATM nh sau:
- Dch v phng to mch CES (Circuit Emulation Services),
dng truyn cc dng s 64 Kbps hoc cc dng thoi tc
cao: DS1/E1/J2, DS3/E3.
- Cp bng tn ng ca CES (Dynamic Bandwidth CES).
- S dng cc dch v kt ni bng hp ca AAL2.
5.4 Dch v phng to mch CES
i. Tng quan v lp AAL1
1. c im v chc nng
Lp tng thch AAL loi 1 - AAL1 l lp AAL h tr cc ng dng theo
thi gian thc, hng kt ni, tc bit khng i. AAL1 cung cp cc
dch v sau cho ngi s dng:
13
- Truyn cc n v th tc dch v SDU (Service Data Unit)
vi tc ngun khng i v phn pht chng vi cng tc
.
- Truyn thng tin v thi gian gia ngun v ch
- Truyn thng tin c cu trc gia ngun v ch.
- C th ch th v thng tin b mt hoc b li m AAL1
khng th khi phc c.
Cc chc nng ca lp AAL1 gm:
- Phn on v ti to thng tin ca ngi s dng.
- ng khi (blocking) v m khi (deblocking) thng tin ca
ngi s dng.
- iu khin bin ng tr t bo CDV (cell delay
variation).
- iu khin tr ng to ti t bo.
- iu khin t bo b mt hoc t bo b li.
- Khi phc tn s ng h ngun ti pha thu.
- Khi phc cu trc d liu ngun ti pha thu.
- Gim st cc bit li ca AAL1-PCI.
- iu khin bit li ca AAL1-PCI.
- Gim st li cho trng thng tin ca ngi s dng v cc
thao tc sa li c th.
M hnh tham chiu v lp AAL1 cho nh
14
im truy nhp dch v l p AAL
(AALSAP)
n vd liu dch v l p AAL
AALSDU
Ti ca CSPDU
ui ca
CSPDU
Ti u ca
CSPDU
n vd liu th tc l p con hi t CSPDU
Ti ca SARPDU
ui ca
SARPDU
Ti u ca
SARPDU
n vd liu th tc l p con SAR (SARPDU)
im truy nhp dch v l p ATM
(ATMSAP)
n vd liu dch v l p ATM
ATMSDU
Ti ca tbo ATM Ti u tbo
n vd liu th tc l p ATM: ATMPDU = tbo ATM
Khng c im truy nhp dch v
gia hai l p con CS v SAR
L

p

c
o
n

h

i

t

C
S
L

p

c
o
n

p
h

n

v

i

t

o
S
A
R
L

p

t
h

c
h

n
g

A
T
M

A
A
L
L

p

A
T
M

Hnh 1: M hnh tham chiu lp AAL1.
Lp tng thch AAL1 chia thnh hai lp con: lp con hi t CS
(Convergence Sublayer) v lp con phn on v ti to SAR
(Segmentation and Reassembly). Lp con hi t CS l lp cao hn lp con
SAR, nhng gia hai lp con ny khng c im truy nhp dch v. Ti
pha pht, lp con CS truyn 47 byte xung lp con SAR v lp con SAR
thm 1 byte tiu to ra SAR-PDU gm 48 byte v truyn xung lp
ATM tr thnh ti ca t bo ATM. Ti pha thu, lp con SAR nhn 48
byte d liu t lp ATM, tch phn tiu 1 byte c 47 byte d liu
gi ln lp con CS.
Cu trc t bo ATM khi dng AAL1 c trnh by trn Hnh Error! No
text of specified style in document.-2
S th t
SN
Ti u tbo
5 byte
Ti ca SARPDU
47 byte
CRC
3 bit
P
1 bit
Bo vS th t
SNP
CSI
1 bit
SC
3 bit
Ti ca tbo ATM

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-2: Cu trc
t bo ATM khi dng lp AAL1
15
Trong :
SN (Sequence Number): trng s th t.
CSI (Convergence Sublayer Indicator): ch th lp con hi
t.
SC (Sequence Count): m th t.
SNP (Sequence Number Protection): trng bo v cho trng SN.
CRC: pht hin v sa li vi a thc sinh G(x)=x
3
+x+1.
P(parity): bit kim tra chn (even-parity) cho 7 bit cn li thuc SN
v SNP.
Trng s th t SN c chia thnh hai trng con CSI v SC. Trng SC
(3 bit) cha gi tr m th t do lp con CS cung cp, bit LSB l bit
pha ngoi cng bn phi. Trng SC c nh s theo h 8: t 0 (000)
n 7 (111). Trng CSI (1 bit) cha ch th ca lp con CS, gi tr
mc nh l CSI = 0. Vic x l trng SN c th phn loi ra cc
loi ti SAR-PDU: ti SAR-PDU c th t bnh thng, ti SAR-PDU b
mt, ti SAR-PDU b chn nhm, ng thi cung cp thng tin hu ch
nh: v tr ca ti SAR-PDU b mt trong lung SAR-PDU, s lng ti
SAR-PDU b mt lin tip, nhn dng ca ti SAR-PDU b chn nhm.
Trng bo v SNP cho php pht hin v sa li cho tiu ca SAR-
PDU, gm hai phn: trng m CRC (3 bit) bo v cho trng SN, trng
kim tra chn P (1 bit) dng bo v cho 7 bit cn li ca phn tiu
ca SAR-PDU. Cu trc trng SNP c kh nng sa li n bit v pht
hin li a bit.
2. Cc phng thc khi phc tn s ng h
i vi cc dch v CBR truyn ng b, ng h dch v c ly theo
ng h mng.
i vi cc dch v CBR truyn khng ng b, ng h ca cc dch v
ny khng ly theo ng h mng. C hai phng thc khi phc ng h
cho loi dch v CBR truyn khng ng b:
Phng thc ng h tng thch dng cho cc dch v yu cu
cht ch v jitter nhng khng yu cu cht ch v wander.
Phng thc nh du thi gian d ng b (SRTS
Synchronous Residual Time Stamp) dng cho cc dch v yu
cu cht ch v jitter v v wander.
Phng thc ng h s tng thch khng c thng tin thc t v thi
gian m xc nh tn s ngun da vo s lng d liu ca ngun gi
n: tnh trung bnh s lng d liu trong mt khong thi gian. Vic
tnh ny khng cho thy c bin ng tr CDV, chu k tnh ton ph
thuc c tnh ca CDV. Phng thc ny c s dng ti AAL1 pha thu
v khng c qui nh chun v cch thc hin. Mt cch tnh s lng
d liu l xem xt vic in d liu vo b m (buffer). Bn thu ghi
cc d liu vo b m v c ra vi tn s ng h cc b. Mc in
vo b m ph thuc tn s ca ngun v c dng iu khin tn s
cc b. AAL1 o lin tc mc in vo b m, thng qua vng kho pha
PLL (phase-locked loop) to ra ng h cc b. trnh hin tng b
m trn (over-flow) hoc thiu (under-flow), hai gi tr ngng c
a ra: ngng thp v ngng cao. Nu mc in vo b m tin ti gi
tr ngng thp, tc l tn s ng h cc b nhanh hn nhiu so vi
tn s ngun ln phi gim tn s ng h cc b. Nu mc in vo b
m tin ti gi tr ngng cao, tc l tn s ng h cc b thp hn
nhiu so vi tn s ngun ln phi tng tn s ng h cc b. Cch ny
gi cho vic in vo b m dao ng xung quanh mt gi tr trung
bnh.
16
Phng thc nh du thi gian d ng b SRTS s dng nhn thi gian
d o c v truyn thng tin v s sai lch tn s gia tn s
chun ly theo mng v tn s dch v.
3. Phng thc truyn ng b SDT
Phng thc truyn ng b SDT (Structure Data Transfer) cung cp kh
nng truyn d liu c cu trc theo dng byte, v i vi dch v
phng to knh th SDT cho php truyn c cu trc theo tn s 8 KHz.
Khi kch thc ca khi cu trc ln hn mt byte th con tr c s
dng xc nh bin ca khi cu trc.
Trong kiu truyn SDT, tham s STRUCTURE trong hai hm nguyn thu
AAL1-UNITDATA request v AAL1-UNITDATA indication dng truyn thng tin
cu trc gia AAL1 v ngi s dng. Phn ti SAR-PDU gm 47 byte c
s dng theo mt trong hai dng: dng c con tr (P format) v dng
khng c con tr (non-P format).

Ti u ca SARPDU
1 byte
Thng tin ng i s dng
47 byte
CSI = 0 nu khng d ng SRTS
= RTS nu d ng SRTS
Cu trc d ng khng c con tr (nonP format)
Ti u ca SARPDU
1 byte
Thng tin ng i s dng
46 byte
Cu trc d ng con tr (P format)
CSI = 1
Con tr
1 byte
Ti ca SARPDU (47 byte)
Ti ca SARPDU (47 byte)

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-3: Cu trc
SAR-PDU trong ch SDT.
Trong dng khng c con tr, 47 byte thng tin c in ht vo ti
ca SAR-PDU. Khi gi tr trng CS trong tiu SAR l 1,3,5,7 th
dng ny lun c s dng.
Dng c con tr s dng khi khi cu trc ln hn mt byte v ch c
dng mt ln trong chu k 8 ti SAR-PDU (trng SC = 07). Dng ny
c dng khi trng SC l 0, 2, 4 hoc 6. Byte u tin ca ti SAR-
PDU l con tr, phn cn li l thng tin ca ngi s dng. Con tr
gm hai trng: trng offset v trng kim tra chn (cho trng
offset). Trng offset cha khong cch t con tr n khi cu trc
mi theo ti 93 byte = 46 byte ca ti SAR-PDU c con tr + 47 byte ca
ti SAR-PDU tip theo (gi tr trng ny l: 093). Gi tr 93 s dng
khi cui ti 93 byte trng vi cui khi cu trc. Nu khng c bin
khi cu trc th gi tr trng offset l gi tr gi = 127. Con tr
c truyn t trng kim tra sau n trng offset. Gi tr trng
offset l gi tr nh phn c truyn t bit LSB n MSB.
Dng con tr c dng ti v tr u tin c th ca chu k ti SAR-
PDU (8 ti) ch ra im bt u ca khi cu trc. Nu khng c im
bt u hoc im kt thc ca khi cu trc trong chu k ti SAR-PDU
17
th gi tr trng offset l 127 v t trong ti SAR-PDU c SC = 6.
Nu im bt u ca khi cu trc khng thuc chu k ti SAR-PDU hin
ti nhng trng kht vi vi im bt u ca chu k ti SAR-PDU mi
th trng offset mang gi tr 93 ti ti SAR-PDU c SC = 6 ti chu k
ti hin ti v trng offset mang gi tr 0 ti ti SAR-PDU c SC = 0
ti chu k ti sau. Ti thi im bt u truyn d liu sau khi cuc
ni AAL1 c thit lp, dng con tr s dng vi ti c SC=0 v byte
d liu c cu trc c truyn ti v tr th hai sau byte con tr ca
ti SAR-PDU.
4. Phng thc sa li
Phng thc sa li gm:
- Sa li cho li bit: s dng sa li trc FEC vi m
Reed-Solomon (128,124) v cho php sa li ti 2 t bo
li.
- Sa li cho li bit v mt t bo khng c rng buc tr:
s dng sa li trc FEC v khong thi gian gia cc
byte (octet interleaving). FEC vi m Reed-Solomon
(128,124) v cho php sa li ti 2 t bo li hoc 4 vt
xa (vt xo l t bo li bit v tr) trong khi 128
byte.
- Sa li cho li bit v mt t bo c rng buc tr: s
dng sa li trc FEC v khong thi gian gia cc byte
(octet interleaving). FEC vi m Reed-Solomon (94, 88).
5. in mt phn t bo
Lp AAL1 cho php in mt phn t bo gim nh tr ng gi ti v
s dng cho cc dch v yu cu cht ch v tr. Cc byte c in vo
phn u tin c th trong ti (sau cc phn tiu ). Th tc in mt
phn t bo s xc nh s lng v v tr cc byte thng tin ca ngi
s dng. Phn cn li ca t bo c in bng cc byte gi v phn
ny khng c chuyn ti ngi s dng ti pha thu.
S lng byte thng tin c xc nh da trn tr ng gi ti SAR-PDU
ln nht v nh hn 47 byte. Khi lp con CS c phn tiu CS-overhead
gm C byte th C byte ny c t sau SAR-header, phn tip theo l
dng cho thng tin ca ngi s dng. Nu C+N < 47 byte th N byte c
in vo ti SAR-PDU v tr ng gi ti l c nh cho mi ti SAR-
PDU, nu C+N > 47 th s byte N khng c in ht vo ti. Hin ti,
lp AAL1 ch h tr trng hp C+N < 47 byte.
6. Phng to mch CES
Dch v thoi l ng dng theo thi gian thc (real-time), c yu cu
cht ch v tr (delay), v l dch v hng kt ni (connection-
oriented). V phn loi, thoi c th l ng dng ca loi dch v CBR
hoc VBR, thuc lp D trong phn loi lp QoS. Nu xt thoi theo loi
dch v CBR th lp tng thch AAL1 trong mng AT c s dng, cn
theo loi dch v rt-VBR th lp tng thch AAL2 trong mng ATM c
s dng.
AAL1 cho php cc ng dng CBR truyn qua mng ATM thng qua dch v
phng to mch CES (Circuit Emulation Service). M hnh tham chiu CES
nh trn Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-4
18
Thit bCBR
Khi giao tip IWF
cho CES
M ng ATM
Thit bCBR
Khi giao tip IWF
cho CES
Giao din dch v CBR Giao din dch v CBR
Giao din truy nhp ATM
Giao din truy nhp ATM
K nh o CBR

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-4: M hnh
tham chiu CES
Lung d liu thoi l lung s liu s dng k thut TDM, trong mng
ATM th d liu l cc t bo ATM v khng ph thuc vo loi d liu.
Nh vy, phi c khi chc nng bin i d liu TDM thnh t bo ATM
ti u vo mng ATM v bin i t bo ATM thnh d liu TDM ti u
ra mng ATM. Khi chc nng gi l IWF (InterWorking Function).
Cc loi tc thoi c trnh by trn Bng Error! No text of
specified style in document.-1
Bng Error! No text of specified style in document.-1: K hiu
cc lung TDM
K
hiu
Tc
(Kbps)
K
hiu
Tc
(Kbps)
DS0 64
DS1 1544 E1 2048
J2 6312
DS3 44736 E3 34368
Dch v phng to mch CES s dng lp AAL1 c tin hnh da trn cc
cuc ni o chuyn mch SVC, im ti im. Qu trnh thit lp cuc
ni SVC thc hin thng qua th tc bo hiu. Bn tin bo hiu cho dch
v CES gm cc thng tin v:
- B m t lu lng ATM.
- Kh nng mang bng rng.
- Tham s cht lng dch v QoS.
- Thnh phn thng tin tham s lp AAL1.
- Thnh phn thng tin lp thp bng rng.
V b m t lu lng ATM, bn tin bo hiu mng thng tin v tc t
bo nh cho lung CLP=0+1 trn hai hng i v v: PCR0+1 hng i v
PCR0+1 hng v. Tc t bo ny xc nh tu theo lung thoi phng
to. Cc thng tin v BEI (Best Effort Indicator) v nhn din ch
qun l ti nguyn (Traffic Management Options Identifier) c b qua.
V kh nng mang bng rng, cc cuc ni l im-ti-im, tc bit
khng i (CBR) nn ta c cc gi tr sau (Bng -2):
Bng -2: Gi tr thnh phn thng tin kh nng mang bang rng
trong CES.
Trng Gi tr ngha
Lp mang
1000
0
BCOB-X
Loi lu lng 001
Tc bit khng i
CBR
19
Yu cu v thi
gian
01
Yu cu cht ch v
thi gian t cui ti
cui
Tnh d phn ct 00 Khng d phn ct
Cu hnh kt ni
mt phng ngi s
dng
00
Cuc ni im-ti-
im
V tham s cht lng dch v QoS, lp dch v l lp QoS loi 1 cho hai
hng i v v.
V thnh phn thng tin tham s AAL1, gi tr ph thuc vo lung thoi
trong CES, nhng u c chung gi tr l: lp AAL1 nn trng kiu AAL
l 0000 0001, kiu chuyn ti mch (circuit transport) nn trng
kiu con l 0000 0010.
Thng tin lp thp bng rng cho CES gm cc trng v gi tr cho nh
sau (Bng -3):
Bng -3: Gi tr thnh phn thng tin lp thp bng rng trong CES.
Trng Gi tr
Th tc thng tin ngi s dng
lp 3
(byte 7)
01011 ISO/IEC TR 9577
Nhn dng th tc khi to IPI
ISO/IEC TR 9577 (byte 7a, 7b)
IPI l 1000 0000
Byte7a= 0100 0000,
Byte7b= 0000 0000
Nhn dng khi t chc OUI (byte
8.18.3)
x00 A0 3E ATMForum OUI
Nhn dng th tc PID (byte
8.48.5)
x00 00 b qua i vi dch
v khng c cu trc
x00 06 DS1/E1/J2 Nx64 c s
x00 07 E1 Nx64 c bo hiu
CAS
x00 08 DS1 SF Nx64 c bo
hiu CAS
x00 09 DS1 ESF Nx64 c bo
hiu CAS
x00 0B J2 Nx64 c bo hiu
CAS
ii. Lung thoi c s 64 Kbps
Lung thoi c s c tc 64 Kbps vi lut m ho l lut A hoc lut
. ln n v d liu dch v AAL1 (AAL1 - SDU) l 1 byte. Cc n
v dch v ny c in vo ti ca AAL1-PDU s lng N: 1 s N s NMAX,
NMAX l 46 byte (khi dng cu trc con tr P trong ch truyn SDT)
hoc l 47 byte. Nu N = NMAX th ta c t bo ATM c in y. Nu N
< NMAX th ta c t bo ATM c in mt phn v t bo ny c s dng
gim tr ng gi.
Vic iu khin bin ng tr t bo CDV c thc hin nh b m,
kch thc b m c qui chun theo I.356.
Trong iu khin li, lung thoi c s 64 Kbps khng cn thit phi
pht hin t bo chn nhm. AAL1 phi pht hin v b cc t bo b mt
m bo tnh ton vn ca vic m bit v gim tr (lm gim tnh
nng ting vang) trong qu trnh chuyn cc byte tn hiu thoi ring
bit t ti SAR-PDU ti ngi s dng. Da vo trng SN, AAL1 c th
tin hnh cc thao tc cn thit nhng khng c lm tng tr truyn
20
dn, ng thi AAL1 phi tnh ton cc tng / gim bt thng trong tr
truyn dn t bo danh nh (v d cc thao tc bo v ti chuyn mch
c th lm thay i tr truyn dn t bo).
Trong iu khin thi gian, AAL1 cung cp phng thc truyn ng b
cho tn hiu thoi c s.
iii. Cc lung thoi tc cao c cu trc Nx64 Kbps
Dch v DS1/E1/J2 Nx64Kbps c cu trc:
- Lung thoi DS1 1544 Kbps gm (124)x64 Kbps, s dng cu
trc khung SF (Super Frame) hoc ESF (Extented Super
Frame), giao din DSX-1 vi m B8ZS hoc AMI.
- Lung thoi E1 2048 Kbps gm (131)x64 Kbps, s dng cu
trc khung G.704, giao din G.703 vi m HDB3.
- Lung thoi J2 6321 Kbps gm (196)x64 Kbps, s dng cu
trc khung JT-G.704, giao din JT-G.703a vi m B8ZS.
Cc lung s ny c AAL1 s dng phng thc truyn ng b SDT. Vic
khi phc ng h thc hin theo mng vi ngun tham chiu chnh PRS
(Primary Preference Source). Cc khi chc nng IWF cung cp kh nng
truyn thng tin v thi gian ti ngun PRS: tn s 1,544 MHz cho dch
v DS1, tn s 2,948 MHz cho dch v E1 v tn s 6,312 MHz cho dch v
J2.
Dch v Nx64 Kbps cho php phng to cc lung TDM DS1, E1, J2 c cu
trc. Phn loi dch v Nx64 Kbps c cu trc nh Hnh -5:
Dch v Nx64 Kbit/ s
Lung tho i DS1 (1544 Kbit/ s)
C s (khng c b o hiu CAS)
C b o hiu CAS
Lung tho i E1 (2048 Kbit/ s)
C s (khng c b o hiu CAS)
C b o hiu CAS
Lung tho i J2 (6312 Kbit/ s)
C s (khng c b o hiu CAS)
C b o hiu CAS

Hnh -5: Phn loi dch v Nx64 Kbps c cu trc
Chun v giao din cho cc lung TDM c trnh by trong Bng -4:
Bng -4: Cc giao din ca cc lung TDM
Lung Giao din S knh c th
truyn
DS1 DSX-1
1 s N s 24
E1 G.703
1 s N s 31
J2 JT-G.703a
1 s N s 96
Quan h v phn lp ca khi chc nng IWF nh Hnh -6:
21
AAL1 AAL1 AAL1 ...
L p ATM
L p vt l
Chc n ng nh x chuyn i
L p Vt l
Giao din ATM
Giao din dch v CBR
Mt hoc nhiu
k nh o

Hnh -6: Quan h phn lp ca IWF trong DS1/E1/J2 c cu trc
Trong cu hnh trn:
- Mi mt thc th AAL1 tng ng mt cuc ni knh o VCC.
Vic nhiu thc th AAL1 dng chung mt giao din dch v
SI (Service Interface) cho php phng to chc nng chuyn
mch ni ngang s (Digital Crossconnect Switch) cho
DS1/DS0, E1/DS0, J2/DS0.
- Lp ATM thc hin chc nng ghp knh hoc tch knh mt
s cuc ni VCC.
- Mi thc th AAL1 c chc nng phn on v ti to (SAR)
trong mt cuc ni VCC.
- Chc nng chuyn i khe thi gian (Timeslot Mapping
Function - TMF) c chc nng gn lung vo v lung ra ca
qu trnh SAR cho cc khe thi gian xc nh trong dch
v.
Khi IWF cho php gi cc t bo ATM vi 46 hoc 47 byte ti cha thng
tin ca lung TDM. Nhng khi in y 46 hoc 47 byte th s c tr
ng gi t bo khng nh. Do , CES cho php cc t bo ATM mi in
y mt phn c pht i v iu ny lm tr ng gi gim nh. Nu
thc hin theo cch ny, N byte trong mt t bo ATM s c xc nh
khi cuc ni c thit lp: thng qua vic cu hnh cho cuc ni PVC
hoc thng qua bo hiu cho cuc ni SVC.
Khi N = 1 tng ng c mt lung DS0 v AAL1 ch cn thc hin n gin
l gn mt t bo AAL cho mt t bo ATM.
Khi N > 1, AAL1 s dng con tr (pointer) ch th im bt u khi
c cu trc. Con tr c chn vo ch u tin c th ca t bo v
mang gi tr th t chn (v d: 0, 2, 4, 6) v c ch ra bng bit
CSI ca tiu AAL1 (CSI = 1). Con tr trong SDT c chn trong ti
ca t bo vi s th t SC chn mt v ch mt ln trong b gm 8 ti
ca t bo tng ng mt chu k m th t ca AAL1 (gm:
0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7). Nu khng c khi c cu trc no bt u bng mt
chui 8 t bo th con tr c gi tr 127 s c chn vo t bo s 6
trong chu k.
Cc tham s lp AAL1 trong bn tin bo hiu CES c cc gi tr
sau
Bng -5: Gi tr tham s lp AAL1 cho dch v Nx64
Trng Gi tr ngha
Kiu AAL 0000 0001 Lp AAL1
Kiu con 0000 0010 Chuyn ti mch
22
Tc CBR
0000 0001
0100 0000
64 Kbps
Nx64 Kbps, N>1
H s nhn N Nx64 Kbps. Nu 64 Kbps th b qua
Kch thc khi
SDT
Tnh theo byte
in tng phn K
S byte in tng phn trong mt t
bo. Khng dng nu t bo khng
in tng phn
7. M ho t bo cho dch v DS1, E1, J2 khng
c bo hiu CAS
i vi cc lung DS1, E1, J2 khng c bit bo hiu CAS, AAL1 m ho
Nx64 thnh mt khi gm N byte, mi byte tng ng mt khe thi gian
ca lung TDM, v nhm N byte ny theo th t.
Byte ca khe thi gian u ti n
trong khung
Byte ca khe thi gian th hai
trong khung
Byte ca khe thi gian th ba
trong khung
Con tr AAL1

Hnh-7: Cu trc 3x64 Kbps khng c bo hiu CAS
Khi N = 1 tng ng c mt lung DS0, tc t bo nh PCR0+1
1
cho AAL1
c tnh nh sau:
Nu t bo khng c in tng phn th
(
(
(

=
+
47
8000
1 0
PCR
2
(t
bo / giy)
Nu t bo c in tng phn th
(
(
(

=
+
K
PCR
8000
1 0
(t bo /
giy), vi K l s byte d liu trong mt t bo.
Khi N >1, tc t bo nh PCR0+1 cho lp AAL1 c tnh khi N > 1 nh
sau:
Nu t bo khng c in tng phn th
(
(
(

=
+
875 , 46
8000
1 0
N
PCR (t
bo / giy)
Nu t bo c in tng phn th
(
(
(

=
+
875 , 46
8000
1 0
K
PCR (t bo /
giy), vi K l s byte d liu trong mt t bo.

1
PCR0+1 k hiu ca PCR cho lung CLP=0+1
2

(
x l s nguyn nh nht trong cc s ln hn hoc bng x
23
8. M ho t bo cho dch v DS1, E1, J2 c bo
hiu CAS
Cu trc ny phi cung cp kh nng truyn thng tin bo hiu CAS. Do
, cu trc AAL1 gm hai phn: phn u mang ti ca Nx64 Kbps, phn
sau mang cc bit bo hiu tng ng vi ti phn trc.
Kch thc khi AAL1 cho cc lung Nx64 c bo hiu CAS ph thuc gi
tr N v c gi tr nh bng 5-6 di y.
Bng Error! No text of specified style in document.-6: Kch thc
khi AAL1 cho cc lung Nx64 c bo hiu CAS
Cu trc
khung
N =
1
N = 6 N = 24 N =
30
N =
96
DS1/ESF 25 147 588 n/a n/a
DS1/SF 25 147 588 n/a n/a
E1 17 99 396 495 n/a
J2 9 49 195 244 780
5.3.1.8.1. i vi dch v E1 c bo hiu CAS
Phn ti c cu trc thnh mt a khung (multiframe):
i vi Nx64 E1 s dng khung theo G.704, phn ti AAL1 gm
N x 16 byte. Byte u tin trong cu trc AAL1 l khe thi
gian u tin trong N khe ca khung u tin trong a khung.
Phn th hai ca AAL1 l phn bo hiu cha cc bit bo hiu tng ng
vi a khung:
i vi DS1, E1, cc bit bo hiu ABCD ca mi khe thi gian
c gi thnh 2 phn trong mt byte v t cui ca cu
trc AAL1. Nu N l l, nbyte cui cng ch cha 4 bit bo
hiu v 4 bit cn li l trng.
V d v cu trc a khung ca 3x64 DS1/E1 c bo hiu CAS Hnh-8.
ABCD cho TS2 ABCD cho TS1
...
Byte u ti n trong a khung
Con tr AAL1
Khung 125 s cui c ng
trong a khung
Khung 125 s th hai
trong a khung
Khung 125 s th nht
trong a khung
Byte th hai trong a khung
Byte th ba trong a khung
ABCD cho TS3
Phn b o hiu
TS: Khe thi gian (Time Slot)

24
Hnh-8: Cu trc a khung ca 3x64 DS1/E1 c bo hiu CAS
V d v phn bo hiu tng ng:
A B C D A B C D
A B C D 0 0 0 0
B o hiu cho TS1
B o hiu cho TS3 Bit khng s dng = 0
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
B o hiu cho TS2

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-9: Cu trc
phn bo hiu ca 3x64 DS1/E1 c bo hiu CAS
Tc t bo nh PCR0+1 cho lung E1 c bo hiu CAS phi tho mn:
Nu t bo khng c in tng phn v N chn th
( )
(
(
(

=
+
875 , 46
32 33 8000
1 0
N
PCR (t bo / giy)
Nu t bo khng c in tng phn v N l th
( ) ( )
(
(
(

+
=
+
875 , 46
32 33 1 8000
1 0
N
PCR (t bo / giy)
Nu t bo c in tng phn v N chn, vi K byte c
in vo t bo th
( )
(
(
(

=
+
K
N
PCR
32 33 8000
1 0
(t bo / giy)
Nu t bo c in tng phn v N l, vi K byte c in
vo t bo th
( ) ( )
(
(
(

+
=
+
K
N
PCR
32 33 1 8000
1 0
(t bo / giy)
5.3.1.8.2. i vi dch v DS1 c bo hiu CAS
Phn ti c cu trc thnh mt a khung (multiframe):
i vi Nx64 DS1 s dng siu khung m rng ESF (extentded
super frame), phn ti AAL1 gm N x 24 byte. Byte u tin
trong cu trc AAL1 l khe thi gian u tin trong N khe
ca khung u tin trong a khung.
Phn th hai ca AAL1 l phn bo hiu cha cc bit bo hiu tng ng
vi a khung:
i vi DS1, E1, cc bit bo hiu ABCD ca mi khe thi gian
c gi thnh 2 phn trong mt byte v t cui ca cu
trc AAL1. Nu N l l, nbyte cui cng ch cha 4 bit bo
hiu v 4 bit cn li l trng.
Ring i vi lung DS1 vi cu trc siu khung SF th CES IWF cho php
to ra cu trc AAL1 c cng kch thc nh vi lung DS1 c cu trc
siu khung m rng ESF, nhng mt khi AAL1 s gm hai a khung (lung
DS1 c ESF th khi AAL1 gm 1 a khung). Bo hiu tng ng cha cc
bit bo hiu A1, B1, A2, B2 ca hai a khung SF v nm cui khi AAL1.
V d bo hiu cho lung DS1 3x64 c cu trc SF nh sau:
25
A1 B1 A2 B2
0 0 0 0
B o hiu cho TS1
B o hiu cho TS3 Bit khng s dng = 0
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
B o hiu cho TS2
A1 B1 A2 B2
A1 B1 A2 B2

Hnh -10: Bo hiu cho lung DS1 3x64 c cu trc SF


Tc t bo nh PCR0+1 cho lung DS1 c bo hiu CAS phi tho mn:
Nu t bo khng c in tng phn v N chn th
( )
(
(
(

=
+
875 , 46
48 49 8000
1 0
N
PCR (t bo / giy)
Nu t bo khng c in tng phn v N l th
( ) ( )
(
(
(

+
=
+
875 , 46
48 49 1 8000
1 0
N
PCR (t bo / giy)
Nu t bo c in tng phn v N chn, vi K byte c
in vo t bo th
( )
(
(
(

=
+
K
N
PCR
48 49 8000
1 0
(t bo / giy)
Nu t bo c in tng phn v N l, vi K byte c in
vo t bo th
( ) ( )
(
(
(

+
=
+
K
N
PCR
48 49 1 8000
1 0
(t bo / giy)
5.3.1.8.3. i vi dch v J2 c bo hiu CAS
Phn ti c cu trc thnh mt a khung (multiframe):
i vi Nx64 J2 s dng khung theo JT-G.704, phn ti AAL1
gm N x 8 byte
Byte u tin trong cu trc AAL1 l khe thi gian u tin
trong N khe ca khung u tin trong a khung.
Phn th hai ca AAL1 l phn bo hiu cha cc bit bo hiu tng ng
vi a khung:
i vi J2, 1 bit bo hiu c s dng cho 1 knh, cc bit
bo hiu tng ng mt khe thi gian c gi thnh 8 phn
trong mt byte v t cui ca cu trc AAL1. Nu N khng
phi l bi s ca 8, byte cui cng cha cc bit bo hiu
cn li v cc bit d s b trng.
V d v cu trc a khung ca 3x64 J2 c bo hiu CAS nh
sau:
26
S2 S3 S1
...
Byte u ti n trong a khung
Con tr AAL1
Khung 125 s cui c ng
trong a khung
Khung 125 s th hai
trong a khung
Khung 125 s th nht
trong a khung
Byte th hai trong a khung
Byte th ba trong a khung
Phn b o hiu
TS: Khe thi gian (Time Slot)
Si: Bit b o hiu cho TS th i

Hnh -11: Cu trc a khung ca 3x64 J2 c bo hiu CAS
V d v phn bo hiu tng ng:
S S S 0
B o hiu cho TS1
B o hiu cho TS2
Bit khng s dng = 0
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
B o hiu cho TS3
0 0 0 0

Hnh -12: Cu trc phn bo hiu ca 3x64 J2 c bo hiu CAS
Tc t bo nh PCR0+1 cho lung J2 c bo hiu CAS phi tho mn:
Nu t bo khng c in tng phn v N l bi s ca 8
th
( )
(
(
(

=
+
875 , 46
64 65 8000
1 0
N
PCR (t bo / giy)
Nu t bo khng c in tng phn v N khng l bi s
ca 8 th
( ) ( ) ( )
(
(
(

+
=
+
875 , 46
64 65 8 mod 8 8000
1 0
N N
PCR (t bo / giy)
Nu t bo c in tng phn v N l bi s ca 8, vi K
byte c in vo t bo th
( )
(
(
(

=
+
K
N
PCR
64 65 8000
1 0
(t bo
/ giy)
27
Nu t bo c in tng phn v N khng l bi s ca 8,
vi K byte c in vo t bo th
( ) ( ) ( )
(
(
(

+
=
+
K
N N
PCR
64 65 8 mod 8 8000
1 0
(t bo / giy)
9. Th t bit
Cc bit ca lung DS1, E1, J2 c ng gi thnh t bo ATM theo th
t nh Hnh 13.
1
0
1
0 0
1
0 0
1
0 0
1 1
0
1
0 0
1
Khe thi gian TS1 Khe thi gian TS2 Khe thi gian TS 3...
0 0 0
1
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 ...
Tiu t bo ATM
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Ti t bo ATM

Hnh 13: Th t phn b bit ca cc lung DS1/E1/J2 trong t bo
ATM.
Trong qu trnh truyn, bit MSB (Most Significant Bit) c truyn
trc.
10. X l li
Trong qu trnh truyn, giao din dch v SI c th xy ra nhiu loi
li nh: mt t bo, t bo n chm (do tr), t bo chn nhm. Do ,
khi IWF phi c kh nng x l cc li v phi cung cp chc nng ti
to lung t bo AAL1 thnh lung byte truyn dn ti giao din dch
v SI DS1/E1/J2 c cu trc.
Vic pht hin li t bo b mt hoc t bo chn nhm c n v ti
to pht hin thng qua trng SN trong tiu AAL1. Nu pht hin t
bo b mt, cc t bo gi gm 46 byte hoc 47 byte s c chn
vic m bit BC vn ng, ni dung ca cc byte c chn ph thuc qu
trnh thc hin. Nu trong qu trnh thc hin, mt im c qu nhiu
li mt t bo (kh bo m m bit ng) th b thu AAL1 c th ch ra
con tr cu trc AAL1 tip theo t li c cu trc khung.
Khi IWF s c gng gim cc t bo b chn nhm. n v ti to c th
m bo vic m bit ng bng cch loi b cc t bo b coi l chn
nhm do b x l tiu AAL1 pht hin.
V b m, n v ti to yu cu c b m cha cc t bo c ti
to trc khi cc t bo c truyn ra ngoi giao din SI. Kch
thc b m khng c qui nh c th, tu theo qu trnh thc hin
nhng phi m bo nh p ng tr cho dch v theo thi gian
thc v ln cho php bin ng tr CDV. B m c th l tha
(overflow) hoc thiu (underflow) nu c s khc nhau rt nh v ng
28
h ti nt phn on v nt ti to. B m khng trn c th l kt
qu ca CDV rt ln.
Khi IWF tin hnh trt khung c iu khin nu b m ti to gp
trng hp trn hoc khng trn. D liu trong trng hp khng trn
ph thuc qu trnh thc hin. Trong trng hp mng ATM c li v
lung t bo khng ti c n v ti to trong mt khong thi gian
khng nh th li ny c b kim tra trung k TC (Trunk Conditioning)
bo cho thit b m rng km theo giao din SI.
Thit b
DS1/ E1/ J2
M ng ATM
Thit b
DS1/ E1/ J2
Khi IWF
cho CES
Khi IWF
cho CES
Ph t hin mt tbo LoC
Kim tra trung ktuyn xung
Kim tra trung ktuyn l n
Li
Ph t hin
Truyn

Hnh -14: Ch th li knh o i vi lung DS1/E1/J2 c cu
trc.
iv. Cc lung thoi tc cao DS1/E1/J2 khng c cu
trc.
Cc lung thoi tc cao DS1/E1/J2 khng c cu trc :
- Lung thoi DS1: 1554 Kbps, giao din DSX-1 vi m B8ZS
hoc AMI.
- Lung thoi E1: 2048 Kbps, giao din G.703 vi m HDB3.
- Lung thoi J2: 6321 Kbps, giao din JT-G.703a vi m
B8ZS.
Cc lung thoi ny c truyn i trong sut, cc thng tin v thi
gian khng cn thit phi truyn ti ngun PRS.
M hnh phn lp ca AAL1 cho cc lung thoi tc cao khng c cu
trc nh sau:
AAL1
Lp ATM
Lp vt l
Chc nng nh x chuyn i
Lp
Vt l
Giao din ATM
Giao din dch v CBR
Mt knh o VCC

Hnh -15: Quan h phn lp ca IWF trong lung DS1/E1/J2 khng c
cu trc
Vn thi gian cho lung DS1/E1/J2 khng c cu trc c th c thc
hin theo hai ch sau:
29
- Ch thi gian ng b: thng tin thi gian c gi ti
thit b DS1/E1/J2 thng qua giao din dch v ca IWF v
ngun PRS c th nhn bit c.
- Ch thi gian khng ng b: thng tin thi gian c
cung cp bng ng h c lp vi thit b DS1/E1/J2 v
truyn ring r trong mng ATM.
Khi IWF phi thc hin mt trong hai ch v thi gian k trn (c
th thc hin c hai) v hai ch l nh nhau ti hai khi IWF hai
pha thu v pht. Nu ch thi gian khng ng b c s dng th
dung sai cho cc lung l: +/-130ppm cho lung DS1 thit b c, +/-
32ppm cho lung DS1 thit b mi, +/-50ppm cho lung E1 v +/-30ppm cho
lung J2.
V vn cnh bo, giao din dch v SI khng lm thay i cc cnh
bo trong lung DS1/E1/J2 khng c cu trc. Khi IWF pht hin vic
mt tn hiu LOS (Loss of Signal) ti giao din SI v da trn
gi cc t bo cha mu tn hiu ch th cnh bo AIS (gm cc bit
1).
Thit b
DS1/E1/J2
Mng ATM
Thit b
DS1/E1/J2
Khi IWF
cho CES
Khi IWF
cho CES
Pht hin mt tn hiu LoS
Kim tra trung k tuyn xung
Li
Pht hin
Truyn

Hnh -16: Ch th li ti giao din SI i vi lung DS1/E1/J2
khng c cu trc.
Cc tham s v lp AAL1 cho dch v DS1 khng c cu trc cho nh Bng
-7:
Bng -7: Gi tr tham s lp AAL1 cho lung DS1 khng c cu trc
Trng Gi tr ngha
Kiu AAL 0000
0001
Lp AAL1
Kiu con 0000
0010
Chuyn ti mch
Tc CBR 0000
0100
1544 Kbps
Phng thc khi
phc ng h ngun
0000
0000
0000
0001
0000
0010
Truyn ng b
SRTS
ng h tng
thch
Cc tham s v lp AAL1 cho dch v E1 khng c cu trc cho nh Bng
-8:
Bng -8: Gi tr tham s lp AAL1 cho lung DS1 khng c cu trc
30
Trng Gi tr ngha
Kiu AAL
0000
0001
Lp AAL1
Kiu con
0000
0010
Chuyn ti mch
Tc CBR
0001
0000
2048 Kbps
Phng thc khi
phc ng h ngun
0000
0000
0000
0001
0000
0010
Truyn ng b
SRTS
ng h tng
thch
Cc tham s v lp AAL1 cho dch v J2 khng c cu trc cho nh Bng
-9
Bng -9: Gi tr tham s lp AAL1 cho lung J2 khng c cu trc
Trng Gi tr ngha
Kiu AAL
0000
0001
Lp AAL1
Kiu con
0000
0010
Chuyn ti mch
Tc CBR
0000
0101
6312 Kbps
Phng thc khi
phc ng h
ngun
0000
0000
0000
0001
0000
0010
Truyn ng b
SRTS
ng h tng
thch
11. M ho t bo.
i vi lung thoi tc cao DS1/E1/J2 khng c cu trc, IWF to ra
ti SAR-PDU 47 byte. D liu c truyn khng c cu trc: cc bit
nhn c t giao din dch v SI c a vo t bo v khng c cu
trc khi. Tuy nhin, th t bit vn c m bo : 376 bit (= 47 byte
x 8 bit) lin tip c xp t bit MSB ca byte u tin ca v ln
lt n LSB ca byte 47 ca SDU.
i vi lung DS1 (1544 Kbps) khng c cu trc, tc PCR0+1 l 4107 t
bo / giy, xc nh theo cng thc:
8 47
130 10 1544
3
1 0

+
>
+
ppm
PCR
i vi lung E1 (2048 Kbps) khng c cu trc, tc PCR0+1 l 5447 t
bo / giy, xc nh theo cng thc:
8 47
50 10 2048
3
1 0

+
>
+
ppm
PCR
i vi lung J2 (6312 Kbps) khng c cu trc, tc PCR0+1 l 16788 t
bo / giy, xc nh theo cng thc:
8 47
30 10 6312
3
1 0

+
>
+
ppm
PCR
31
12. X l li
IWF c gng m bo tnh ton vn bit: s bit trong qu trnh phn on
bng s bit trong qu trnh ti to. Tnh ton vn bit khng c m
bo c th lm cho thit b cui phi tin hnh nh khung li.
Vic pht hin t bo b mt hoc chn nhm c tin hnh da trn
trng SN khi x l tiu AAL1-header. Nu pht hin t bo b mt,
IWF s in 47 byte gi gm cc bit 1 m bo tnh ton vn bit.
Cc t bo b coi l chn nhm s c loi b.
Ti giao din dch v SI, b m c s dng cho chc nng ti to, c
tc dng cha cc lung t bo trc khi i ra khi giao din SI. Kch
thc m khng c qui nh c th, tu theo qu trnh thc hin
nhng phi m bo nh p ng tr cho dch v theo thi gian
thc v ln cho php bin ng tr CDV. B m c th l tha
(overflow) hoc thiu (underflow) nu c s khc nhau rt nh v ng
h ti nt phn on v nt ti to. B m thiu c th l kt qu ca
CDV rt ln.
Nu b m trong tnh trng thiu (underflow), khi IWF chn cc mu
gm ton bit 1. Nu b m trong tnh trng tha (overflow), khi IWF
s loi b cc bit tha.
v. Cc lung thoi tc cao DS3/E3 khng c cu
trc.
Cc lung thoi tc cao DS3/E3 khng c cu trc :
- Lung thoi DS3: 44736 Kbps, giao din DSX-3 vi m B3ZS.
- Lung thoi E3: 34368 Kbps, giao din G.703 vi m HDB3.
Cc lung thoi tc cao DS3/E3 khng c cu trc c truyn trong
sut trong CES, phng thc truyn l truyn d liu khng cu trc
UDT. Thng tin lung thoi c nh x theo nguyn tc ghp tch cc
bit thng tin. Thng tin v thi gian ngi s dng cui khng cn
thit chuyn ti ngun PRS.
M hnh lp trong CES cho cc lung thoi tc cao DS3/E3 khng c
cu trc nh sau:
AAL1
Lp ATM
Lp vt l
Chc nng nh x chuyn i
Lp
Vt l
Giao din ATM
Giao din dch v CBR
Mt knh o VCC

Hnh -17: Quan h phn lp ca IWF trong DS3/E3 khng c cu trc
Vn thi gian cho lung DS3/E3 khng c cu trc c th c thc
hin theo hai ch sau:
- Ch thi gian ng b: thng tin thi gian c gi ti
thit b DS3/E3 thng qua giao din dch v ca IWF v
ngun PRS c th nhn bit c.
32
- Ch thi gian khng ng b: thng tin thi gian c
cung cp bng ng h c lp vi thit b DS3/E3 v
truyn ring r trong mng ATM.
Khi IWF phi thc hin mt trong hai ch v thi gian k trn (c
th thc hin c hai) v hai ch l nh nhau ti hai khi IWF hai
pha thu v pht. Nu ch thi gian khng ng b c s dng th
dung sai cho cc lung l: +/-20ppm.
Khi lung DS3/E3 khng c cu trc s dng ch thi gian khng ng
b th tn s u vo giao din SI phi c khi phc ti u ra ca
IWF. Cch khi phc c th thc hin theo phng php nh du thi
gian d ng b hoc phng phng php tng thch.
V vn cnh bo, giao din dch v SI khng lm thay i cc cnh
bo trong lung DS3/E3 khng c cu trc. Khi IWF pht hin vic mt
tn hiu LOS (Loss of Signal) ti giao din SI v da trn gi
cc t bo cha mu tn hiu ch th cnh bo AIS (gm cc bit 1 i
vi lung E3 khng c cu trc v gm chui bit 1010... i vi lung
DS3 khng c cu trc).
Thit b
DS3/E3
Mng ATM
Thit b
DS3/E3
Khi IWF
cho CES
Khi IWF
cho CES
Pht hin mt tn hiu LoS
Kim tra trung k tuyn xung
Li
Pht hin
Truyn

Hnh 18: Ch th li ti giao din SI i vi lung DS3/E3 khng
c cu trc.
Cc tham s v lp AAL1 cho dch v DS3 khng c cu trc cho nh Bng
Error! No text of specified style in document.-10:
Bng Error! No text of specified style in document.-10: Gi tr
tham s lp AAL cho lung DS3 khng c cu trc
Trng Gi tr ngha
Kiu AAL 0000
0001
Lp AAL1
Kiu con 0000
0010
Chuyn ti mch
Tc CBR 0000
0111
44736 Kbps
Phng thc khi
phc ng h ngun
0000
0000
0000
0001
0000
0010
Truyn ng b
SRTS
ng h tng
thch

Cc tham s v lp AAL1 cho dch v E3 khng c cu trc cho nh Bng
Error! No text of specified style in document.-11:
33
Bng Error! No text of specified style in document.-11: Gi tr
tham s lp AAL cho lung E3 khng c cu trc
Trng Gi tr ngha
Kiu AAL 0000
0001
Lp AAL1
Kiu con 0000
0010
Chuyn ti mch
Tc CBR 0001
0010
34368 Kbps
Phng thc khi
phc ng h
ngun
0000
0000
0000
0001
0000
0010
Truyn ng b
SRTS
ng h tng
thch
13. M ho t bo.
i vi lung thoi tc cao DS3/E3 khng c cu trc, IWF to ra ti
SAR-PDU 47 byte. D liu c truyn khng c cu trc: cc bit nhn
c t giao din dch v SI c a vo t bo v khng c cu trc
khi. Tuy nhin, th t bit vn c m bo : 376 bit (= 47 byte x 8
bit) lin tip c xp t bit MSB ca byte u tin ca v ln lt
n LSB ca byte 47 ca SDU.
i vi lung DS3 (44736 Kbps) khng c cu trc, tc PCR0+1 l
118.982 t bo / giy, xc nh theo cng thc:
8 47
20 10 44736
3
1 0

+
>
+
ppm
PCR
i vi lung E3 (34368 Kbps) khng c cu trc, tc PCR0+1 l 91.407
t bo / giy, xc nh theo cng thc:
8 47
20 10 34368
3
1 0

+
>
+
ppm
PCR
14. X l li
IWF c gng m bo tnh ton vn bit: s bit trong qu trnh phn on
bng s bit trong qu trnh ti to. Tnh ton vn bit khng c m
bo c th lm cho thit b cui phi tin hnh nh khung li.
Vic pht hin t bo b mt hoc chn nhm c tin hnh da trn
trng SN khi x l tiu AAL1-header. Nu pht hin t bo b mt,
IWF s in 47 byte gi (gm cc bit 1 i vi lung E3 khng c cu
trc, gm chui bit c gi tr 1010... i vi lung DS3) m bo
tnh ton vn bit v cc byte gi ny c v tr c xc nh. Cc t
bo b coi l chn nhm s c loi b.
Ti giao din dch v SI, b m c s dng cho chc nng ti to, c
tc dng cha cc lung t bo trc khi i ra khi giao din SI. Kch
thc m khng c qui nh c th, tu theo qu trnh thc hin
nhng phi m bo nh p ng tr cho dch v theo thi gian
thc v ln cho php bin ng tr CDV. B m c th l tha
(overflow) hoc thiu (underflow) nu c s khc nhau rt nh v ng
h ti nt phn on v nt ti to. B m thiu c th l kt qu ca
CDV rt ln.
Nu b m trong tnh trng thiu (underflow), khi IWF chn cc mu
(gm ton bit 1 i vi lung E3 khng c cu trc, gm mu AIS
1010.... Nu b m trong tnh trng tha (overflow), khi IWF s
loi b cc bit tha.
34
5.5 Cp bng tn ng CES (Dynamic Bandwidth CES
-DBCES)
Hng i ATM
vi DBU
CES c khi
DSS IWF
Cc khi IWF cho
dch v khc
Cc khi IWF cho
dch v khc
Thnh phn mng ATM
(ATM Network Element)
Mng ATM
Giao din ATM
Giao din
ATM
hoc
giao din
khc ATM
Hng TDM
thnh ATM
Hng ATM
thnh TDM
IWF: InterWorking Function
DSS: Dynamic Structure Sizing
DBU: Dynamic Bandwidth Utilzation

Hnh 19: Kt ni trung k vi DBCES
c im phng php CES l cn phi thit lp mt knh ATM VCC cho c
bng thng rng ng bng mt knh trung k. iu ny s dn n s
lng ph bng thng truyn dn trong trng hp cc khe thi gian (hay
cc knh) truyn khng c s dng ht cho thng tin m trng. K
thut DBCES s hn ch bt nhc im ny bng cch pht hin ra cc
khe thi gian trng (inactive) khng s dng trong knh trung k v
loi b n khi truyn trong cc knh ATM VCC. Nh vy bng tn m ng
l knh s chim s c s dng cho cc dch v khc.
Chc nng hot ng ca cc khi nh sau:
- Khi CES with DSS IWF
- CES mch thc hin chc nng m phng cc dch v cho cc
dng s DS1/E1 v Nx64 Kbps.
- Pht hin ra cc khe thi gian c cha thng tin.
- Thay i linh ng cu trc kch thc d liu DSS
(Dynamic Structure Sizing) ca cu trc AAL1 lin quan ti
vic bin i t TDM sang ATM ch vi cc khe thi gian
hot ng.
- Khi phc li cu trc khung TDM t cu trc AAL1 ATM nhn
c ging nh ban u lc ghp c ngha l cc khe thi
gian phi c th t ng nh ban u.
- t tr li cc tn hiu bo hiu thch hp abcd vo v
tr bo hiu ca n trong dng s TDM.
- Chc nng ca ATM Queue vi DBU trong hnh v chu trch
nhim cho vic to ra hng i cho xp th t truyn ti cc t
bo t im ny ti im khc qua mang ATM. DBU (Dynamic
35
Bandwidth Utilization) c chc nng s dng mt cch linh ng
bng tn. Khi thit lp CES s tm thi c gn cho php s dng
bng tn truyn dn ti a vi kh nng ca n. Nu c cc khe
thi gian u hot ng th ton b bng tn cn thit s dnh
phc v cho CES IWU. Sau khi h thng lm vic, nu mt s khe
thi gian b pht hin ra khng hot ng th IWU s thay i v
gim cu trc truyn dng t bo tc thp hn. Bng thng
tha ra khi truyn cc t bo tc thp hn c th tm thi
c s dng bi cc dch v khc v d dch v UBR, v nh vy
n s lm tng hiu qu ca vic s dng bng tn ti giao din
ATM.
- Other Service IWF: khi thc hin chc nng kt ni vi cc
dch v thng tin khc ngoi CBR nh vi cc mng LAN hay dch v
UBR, VBR.
vi. Chc nng ca CES with DSS IWF
CES c kh nng thay i kch thc ca AAL1 tng hay gim i tu thuc
vo s lng khe thi gian n truyn i trng thi hot ng nhiu
hay t. Kch thc ti a c gn khi tt c cc khe trng thi hot
ng. V d vi DS1 (N=24 khe) th kch thc ti a ti l 576 byte
cho thng tin v 12 byte cho bo hiu trong trng hp l bo hiu lin
knh CAS. Nhng nu ch c 4 trong 24 knh l hot ng th khi cu
trc d liu truyn i ch lin quan ti 4 khe ny tng ng vi ti
96 byte v 2 byte bo hiu. Th t v v tr cc khe thi gian ca dng
s c gn vo ti truyn i l tu vo ngi s dng v c iu
chnh thng qua cc bit mt n. C hai cu trc d liu c dng l:
loi cu trc hot ng v cu trc khng hot ng. Di y l mt s
khi nim:
15. Cu trc d liu hot ng
i vi kiu hot ng li c hai cch t chc cu trc d liu:
- Kiu cu trc 1: cu trc d liu kt hp vi mt mt n bit.
- Kiu cu trc 2: Cu trc d liu khng cha mt n bit.
Trong cu trc d liu truyn i kt hp vi mt n bit ch dng
trong cu trc kt hp vi mt con tr. Con tr ny ch n v tr d
liu trong AAL1.
Khi nim v mt n bit ta s ni phn sau trong cu trc d liu.
16. Cu trc khng hot ng
Trong cu trc ny tng ng vi trng hp hon ton khng c thng
tin, ch c 4 byte mt n c truyn i cn tt c cc khe thi gian
trng thi khng hot ng. Gi tr tt c cc bit mt n l bng 0 cn
bit kim tra chn l t bng 1.
vii. Chc nng ca IWF
IWF thc hin mt s chc nng ging nh CES.
- Thc hin cc chc nng dch v m phng mch trung k DS1/E1
v Nx64 Kbps.
- Thc hin cc chc nng lin quan ti hot ng bo hiu
CAS,CCS.
36
viii. Cu trc d liu ca DBCES
DBCES t chc d liu ph hp vi s hot ng hay khng hot ng ca
ca ng trung k.Cu trc d liu ny c lin quan ti bo hiu CAS
hay CCS.
17. Kiu hot ng
Cc hnh v di y m t cc cu trc hot ng ca d liu c v
khng c mt n bit, vi kiu bo hiu CAS v CCS.
Phn mt n bit
DS1: 14 byte; E1: 14 byte
Phn ti
1 khung ESF hoc 2 khung SF
DS1: 24 576 byte
E1: 16 480 byte
Phn bo hiu:
ABCD cho ESF, A 1B1A2B2 cho SF
DS1: 1 12 byte
E1: 1 15 byte
a. CES c bo hiu CAS
c mt n bit
Phn ti
1 khung ESF hoc 2 khung SF
DS1: 24 576 byte
E1: 16 480 byte
Phn bo hiu:
ABCD cho ESF, A 1B1A2B2 cho SF
DS1: 1 12 byte
E1: 1 15 byte
b. CES c bo hiu CAS
khng c mt n bit
Phn mt n bit
DS1: 14 byte; E1: 14 byte
Phn ti
1 khung
DS1: 1 24 byte; E1: 1 31 byte
c. CES c bo hiu CCS
c mt n bit
Phn ti
1 khung
DS1: 1 24 byte; E1: 1 31 byte
d. CES c bo hiu CCS
khng c mt n bit

Hnh -20: Cc cu trc hot ng ca DBCES
5.3.1.8.4. Cu trc hot ng kiu 1
Trong cu trc d liu kiu 1 c s dng mt n bit. Mt con tr ca
lp AAL1 s ch n im bt u ca d liu (chnh l mt n bit) m
AAL1 mang. Xem Hnh 21
Trong d liu c s dng mt con tr ch ra gii hn ca d liu.
Con tr Cu trc cui Mt n bit Ti kiu 1
Bin ca cu trc
hot ng kiu 1
tip theo
Tiu (t bo + AAL1)

Hnh 21: Con tr trong cu trc hot ng kiu 1.
37
Ch rng cu trc con tr ca AAL1 s c s dng cho tt c kt ni
DBCES thm ch ngay c khi s knh ch l 1 (cn trong CES th ch nh
ngha khi N = 1 th cc dch v c s cng khng s dng con tr).
5.3.1.8.5. Kiu 2 khng s dng mt n bit
Khun dng nh trn hnh v trn, nhng trong cu trc d liu y
khng s dng cc bit mt n. Cu trc ny ch c dng khi AAL1 khng
s dng n con tr.
5.3.1.8.6. Mt n bit (bitmask)
Mt n bit dng ch ra trng thi hot ng hin thi ca cc khe
thi gian c gn tng ng vi n. Gi tr cc bit ny do bn pht
qui nh v n c truyn i cng vi cu trc AAL1. iu ny s cho
php bn nhn c th khi phc li c dng s TDM ban u.
Chc nng v khun dng mt n bit :
- Mt n bit gm 4 byte, n ph thuc vo s khe thi gian trn
dng s TDM u vo. Lun c mt bit kim tra chn l cho cc bit
mt n ng v tr u tin (xem Hnh Error! No text of
specified style in document.-22). Mi mt bit nm trong bitmask
s tng ng vi mt khe thi gian trn dng s u vo nn vi
DS1=24 khe hoc E1 = 31khe th ta cn 4 byte mt n bit.
- Tt c cc bit khng dng (khng tng ng vi mt khe thi
gian no) s c t bng 0. V d vi DS1 c 24 khe khi ta
cn tha 7 bit ca byte th 4 s t bng 0.
- Th t gn theo nguyn tc sau: bit u tin c trong s thp
nht (LSB) tng ng vi khe thi gian u tin ca dng s liu.
Bit tip theo s c gn cho khe th hai v c tip tc nh vy.
- Gi tr ca 1 bit s cho bit khe thi gian tng ng vi n l
hot ng hay khng.
- Bit kim tra chn l dng bo v mt n bit. N ng v
tr cui cng, bit th n+1.
- Nu mt n bit b pht hin ra c li th bn nhn s s dng
li mt n bit ng n nhn c trc thay v mt n hin
thi.
- Khi mt li b pht hin trong mt n bit th bo hiu CAS s
khng c cp nht ngay ti thi im m n s i cho n
khi nhn c mt n bit ng truyn n sau y.
Cc khe thi gian TS th t cao
8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
TS th t
thp nht
TS th t
cao nht
Kim tra
chn l
cho TS
cao nht
MSB LSB
Kim tra
chn l
cho TS 8
Kim tra
chn l
cho TS15
Byte 1
Byte 2
Byte 3
Byte 4

38
Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-22: Khun
dng mt n bit.
18. Kiu khng hot ng
Trong cu trc ny ch cha c 4byte mt n bit. Tt c cc bit ny u
t bng 0 cn bit kim tra chn l t bng 1. Cu trc d liu ny
c s dng ng ngha vi vic tt c cc khe thi gian u trng
thi khng hot ng. Tt c cc t bo dng ny vn tip tc c
truyn i nhng tc thp hn khong 1 cell/0.5s
IWF bn nhn khi nhn nhn c cc t bo nh vy th n s truyn i
cc khe thi gian trng vo dng s DS1/E1 trn dng s u ra.
ix. Phng php pht hin knh trng
iu cn thit l phi pht hin ra trng thi ca cc khe thi gian
trong dng d liu. C hai phng php c s dng l: phng php s
dng cc bit ab trong khe thi gian ca bo hiu CAS. V phng php
th hai l da trn s pht hin s xut hin lp li ca cc khe thi
gian trng thng qua so snh vi mt mu dnh in vo cc khe thi
gian khi khng c dng mng thng tin.
19. Phng php pht hin khe thi gian trng
bng cch so snh vi mt mu.
Ta c th nhn bit mt khe thi gian trng bng cch so snh ni dung
ca khe thi gian vi mt mu ch th khng c tn hiu. Khi mt khe
thi gian khng mang thng tin th n s c in y bng cc mu c
th l 7F hoc FF. S lng cc mu dng so snh l t 2 n 6. V
d vi ting ni IWF s dng mu 7F cn mu FF th dng so snh vi
cc knh khng sn sng. Cn i vi d liu th li khc, ch ra
knh ngoi dch v bng cc m lun phin. Cc mu tn hiu ny c th
c cu hnh thi im IWF thit lp. iu ny c thc hin
trnh xy ra trng hp trng mt cch ngu nhin ca tn hiu thc
c truyn i. Sau khi khe thi gian trng b pht hin IWF s t n
vo tnh trng khng hot ng. Trong trng hp ny bn nhn s t
ng ti to li khe trng bng cc mu trng bit.
trnh trng hp pht hin nhm khe thi gian trng th thi gian
pht hin tnh bng mt chu k thng thng l 1s, v c th lu hn l
tu thuc vo ngi s dng nhng thi gian ngn hn th khng c
khuyn khch s dng tng tin cy. V d vi ting ni th thi
gian 1s l lu v ngay c khi ngi ni dng li khng ni g th
mch bin i A/D vn hot ng v cc mu bit vn thay i do nh
hng ca nhiu trong khong t 3 n 4 bit. i vi d liu th chu k
ny c th lu hn 1s.
mt khe c coi l hot ng tr li t trng thi khng hot ng
th thng thng trnh do s xut hin li mt cch ngu nhin th
IWF s xt s thay i ny trong 2 n 4 khung (250s n 500s) lin
tip ca dng s u vo.
20. Phng pht pht hin khe trng thng qua cc
bit ab.
Ta bit rng bo hiu CAS s dng mt khe thi gian truyn i cc
bit thng tin bo hiu trng thi knh. (V d xem h thng ghp knh
s PCM2M phn trn bit r hn chc nng cc bit bo hiu abcd
trong khe TS16).
39
x. Tnh ton tc truyn t bo ca DBCES
S lng cc t bo c truyn i s ph thuc vo s lng cc khe
thi gian trng thi hot ng. tnh ton tc truyn l s t
bo gi i trong 1s ta c th tnh trong trng hp tt c cc knh u
hot ng, tc lc ny l ln nht (tc nh).
Thng thng mt n bit v con tr trong cu trc d liu ca AAL1 c
gi i mt ln sau 8 t bo.
Tuy nhin ch rng vi cu trc d liu c kch thc ln th mt n
bit khng thc s c gi i mt ln sau 8 t bo. V d khi truyn
dng s DS1 c 24 knh, th s byte mt n bit ti thiu phi l 3
byte. Nu c 24 knh u hot ng th ti ca AAL s l 576 byte cng
thm 12 byte bo hiu CAS s l 591 byte tng ng vi khong 12,6 t
bo (591/47). Trong khi con tr lun thc s c truyn mt ln sau
8 t bo. Trong trng hp nh vy th mt n bit ch thc s c
truyn sau khi con tr mi ch n bt u ca mt cu trc khung mi
(gi tr ca n t 0 n 95). Nu gi tr con tr bng 127 th c ngha
l khng c cu trc khung AAL mi trong hai t bo tip theo v cng
khng c mt n bit .
c th tnh ton c tc t bo ta cn gi s rng mt n bit
c gi i mt ln sau mi con tr (ngha l sau 8 t bo). Tnh ton
nh vy ch l tng i v ta bit rng trong nhng trng hp khc
khi s lng knh hot ng v khng hot ng c th nhiu hay t th
cc tnh ton ny s xa vi thc t.
21. Dch v c s
Trong trng hp khng c bo hiu CAS, khi trong cu trc d liu
s khng c cc bit bo hiu tc t bo c th tnh ngay c khi N =
1 (ch rng khi N = 1 th AAL1 truyn theo cu trc khng c con
tr).
Nu mt phn cc t bo khng c s dng, tc nh tnh khi cc t
bo truyn ti AAL1 l CLP=0+1 cho dng s Nx64 Kbps s l:
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {46.875 / N) x (8000 + t bo/giy
y: INT Chia ly phn nguyn ca N / 8
(
x c ngha s nguyn nh nht ln hn hay bng x.
Nu mt phn cc t bo c s dng, th tc nh PCR l:
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {K / N) x (8000 + t bo /giy
y K l s byte cha trong mt t bo AAL1.
22. Vi DS1/E1 Service w/CAS
Tc nh cho cc t bo CLP=0+1 lp AAL1 mng cc dng s E1 ca
dch v DBCES trong bo hiu CAS l:



a. Trng hp tt c cc t bo c in y (No partial cell fill),
N chn :
PCR =
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {46.875 / ] Nx33/32 [ x 8000 +
b. Trng hp tt c cc t bo c in y, N l
PCR =
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {46.875 / ] 32 / Nx33) (1 [ x 8000 + +
c. Trng hp cc t bo c in y mt phn (Partial cell fill),
N chn, K l s byte cha trong mt t bo AAL1:
PCR =
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {K / ] Nx33/32 [ x 8000 +
40
d. Trng hp cc t bo c in y mt phn (Partial cell fill),
N l, K l s byte cha trong mt t bo AAL1:
PCR =
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {K / ] 32 / ) Nx33 1 ( [ x 8000 + +
Tc nh cho cc t bo CLP=0+1 lp AAL1 mng cc dng s DS1 Nx64
c bo hiu CAS l:
e. Trng hp tt c cc t bo c in y, N chn
PCR =
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {46.875 / ] Nx49/48 [ x 8000 +
f. Trng hp tt c cc t bo c in y, N l
PCR =
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {46.875 / ] 48 / Nx49) (1 [ x 8000 + +
g. Trng hp cc t bo c in y mt phn (Partial cell fill),
N chn, K l s byte cha trong mt t bo AAL1:
PCR =
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {K / ] Nx49/48 [ x 8000 +
h. Trng hp cc t bo c in y mt phn (Partial cell fill),
N l, K l s byte cha trong mt t bo AAL1:
PCR =
(
)]} (N/8) INT 1 ( x [0.125 - {K / ] 48 / Nx49) (1 [ x 8000 + +
5.6 Trung k ATM s dng lp AAL2 cho cc dch
v bng hp.
xi. Cu trc chung ca lp thch ng AAL2.
Lp thch ng AAL2 cung cp kh nng truyn dn bng thng hiu qu cho
cc ng dng thi gian thc theo cc gi c di ngn, thay i v
tc thp. Nhiu lung thng tin ngi s dng lp thch ng AAL2 c
th dc h tr trn mt kt ni ATM n l. Lp thch ng AAL2 nhn
thng tin t lp ATM di dng n v d liu dch v ATM (SDU-ATM) 48
octet v chuyn ti lp ATM thng tin di dng mt SDU-ATM 48 octet.
Lp thch ng AAL2 c chia thnh hai phn lp: phn lp phn chung
CPS v phn lp hi t ph thuc dch v - SSCS nh th hin trn Hnh
-23.
im truy nhp dch v lp AAL
(AALSAP)
Lp con hi t xc nh dch v
SSCS (c th khng c)
Lp con phn chung CS
im truy nhp dch v lp ATM
(ATMSAP)
S
S
C
S
C
P
S
L

p

A
A
L
2

Hnh -23: Cu trc ca lp thch ng AAL2.
41
Cc giao thc SSCS khc nhau c th c nh ngha h tr cc dch
v ngi s dng lp thch ng AAL2 xc nh hoc mt nhm cc dch v.
Phn lp SSCS c th trng hoc n thun ch cung cp nh x ca
cc thc th AAL tng ng ti cc thc th CPS lp thch ng AAL2 v
ngc li.
Lp thch ng AAL2 cung cp kh nng truyn ti cc SDU-AAL t mt
im truy nhp dch v SAP-AAL n SAP-AAL khc thng qua mng ATM nh
th hin trn Hnh -24.
im truy nhp dch v lp AAL2
(AAL2SAP)
Thc th lp AAL2 Thc th lp AAL2
Cuc ni AAL2
Cuc ni
im im
lp ATM

Hnh -24: Kt ni AAL loi 2
Ngi s dng lp thch ng AAL2 c kh nng la chn mt SAP-AAL cho
trc vi cht lng dch v QoS (tr v tn tht) yu cu truyn
ti SDU-AAL (nh trn Hnh -25). Lp thch ng AAL2 s s dng dch
v cung cp bi lp ATM nm di. Nhiu kt ni AAL c th c lin
kt vi mt kt ni lp ATM n l cho php ghp knh trong lp thch
ng AAL2 xy ra ti phn lp phn chung CPS. Ngi s dng AAL la chn
cht lng dch v QoS c cung cp bi lp thch ng AAL thng qua s
la chn ca SAP-AAL c s dng truyn d liu.
AALSAP1
Lp tng thch AAL
Lp ATM
ATMSAP m
ATMSAP: im truy nhp dch v lp ATM
AALSAP: im truy nhp dch v lp AAL
ATMSAP n
AALSAP2 AALSAP3
Cung cp dch v cho
lp cao hn AAL2
S dng dch v
lp ATM
(QoS1) (QoS2) (QoS3)

Hnh -25: Mi quan h gia SAP-AAL v SAP-ATM.
42
23. Khun dng v m ha ca phn lp phn chung
CPS AAL2
5.3.1.8.7. Khun dng v m ha gi CPS.
Mt gi CPS bao gm 3 octet phn tiu CPS-PH v tip theo l phn
ti CPS-PP. Kch thc v v tr ca cc trng ca gi CPS c th
hin trn Hnh -26.
CID
8 bit
LI
6 bit
UUI
5 bit
HEC
5 bit
Ti ca CPS (CPSPP)
145/64 byte
Tiu ca CPS (CPSPH)
Gi CPS
CID (Channel Identifier): Nhn dng knh
LI (Length Indicator): Ch th di
UUI (UsertoUser Indication): Ch th ngi dngngi dng

Hnh -26: Khun dng gi CPS ca lp thch ng AAL2
Phn tiu CPS-PH gm 4 trng:
a) Trng nhn dng knh CID (Channel Identifier).
Gi tr CID s xc nh ngi s dng knh CPS lp thch ng AAL2. Knh lp thch ng
AAL2 l mt knh hai hng v s c gi tr nhn dng knh nh nhau theo c hai hng.
Gi tr "0" khng c s dng nhn dng knh v tt c cc octet 0 c s dng cho
chc nng m.
Cc gi tr "1"... "7" c d phng s dng bi lp thch ng AAL2 v c xc nh
nh trong bng 4.
Cc gi tr "8"... "255" c s dng nhn dng ngi s dng knh lp thch ng AAL2,
ngoi ra s phn bit gia hai loi ngi s dng knh AAL2, ngha l SSCS v mt phng
qun l, cn c th hin bi trng UUI.
Bng Error! No text of specified style in document.-12: M ca
trng CID
Gi tr
CID
S dng
0 Khng s dng
1
2.. 7
D phng cho cc th tc qun l lp peer-
to-peer
D phng
8.. 255 Nhn dng thc th ngi s dng CPS lp
thch ng AAL2
b) Trng ch th di LI (Length Indicator)
Trng LI c m ha nh phn vi mt gi tr bng s octet ca trng ti ca gi CPS tr
1. di ti a mc nh ca phn ti CPS-PP l 45 octet, trong trng hp khc di ln
nht c th c thit lp l 64 octet.
di ln nht s xc nh theo tng knh, ngha l gi tr ca n khng nht thit l chung
i vi tt c cc knh AAL2. Tuy nhin, i vi mt gi tr CID cho trc, tt c cc phn
ti CPS-PP ca knh phi tho mn gi tr di ln nht chung v gi tr ny c thit
lp bi cc th tc bo hiu v qun l. Khi di ln nht l 45 octet th LI = 45... 63 s
khng hp l.
c) Trng ch th ngi s dng n ngi s dng UUI (User-to-User Indication).
43
Trng UUI phc v hai mc ch:
- Ghp cc lung thng tin xc nh trong sut gia cc
ngi s dng CPS, ngha l gia cc thc th SSCS hoc
mt phng qun l lp.
- phn bit gia cc thc th SSCS v ngi s dng qun
l lp ca CPS.
Trng UUI gm 5 bit s cung cp 32 im m "0"... "31", trong im m "0"... "27" dnh
cho cc thc th SSCS, im m "30"... "31" dnh cho qun l lp v im m "28"... "29"
dnh cho d phng cho cc chun trong tng lai.
Ni dung ca trng UUI c s dng truyn ti cc tham s UUI ca cc hm nguyn
thy CPS-UNITDATA v MAAL-UNITDATA.
d) Trng iu khin tiu HEC (Header Error Control).
Khi pht s tnh ton phn d ca php chia modulo 2 : vi a thc sinh x
5
+ x
2
+ 1, bi a
thc c to bng cch nhn x
4
vi ni dung ca 19 bit u tin ca CPS-PH. Cc h s ca
a thc d s c chn vo trng HEC. Pha nhn s s dng cc ni dung ca trng
HEC pht hin li trong CPS-PH.
24. Khun dng ca n v d liu giao thc CPS-
PDU
CPS-PDU bao gm trng khi to gm mt octet v phn ti gm 47 octet.
n v d liu giao thc CPS-PDU 48-octet to nn n v d liu dch
v ATM-SDU. Kch thc v v tr ca cc trng ca CPS-PDU c th
hin trn Hnh -27.
OSF
6 bit
SN
1 bit
P
1 bit
Trng khi to
n v d liu th tc CPSPDU
Tiu t bo
5 byte
PAD
047 byte
Ti ca CPSPDU
OSF: Trng offset
SN (sequence number): S th t
P (Parity): Kim tra chn l
PAD (padding): m

Hnh -27: Khun dng ca CPS-PDU
5.3.1.8.8. Trng khi to CPS-PDU (STF)
Phn tiu CPS-PDU cng c xem nh trng khi to STF v bao gm
cc mc nh sau:
a) Trng Offset (OSF)
Trng ny mang gi tr nh phn ca phn offset theo n v l s octet gia phn kt thc
ca STF v phn khi to ca mt gi CPS, trong trng hp khng c phn khi to th s
tnh n phn bt u ca trng PAD. Gi tr 47 biu th l khng c ranh gii khi u
trong phn ti CPS-PDU, cn cc gi tr ln hn 47 s khng hp l.
b) S th t chui SN (Sequence Number)
Bit ny c s dng nh s (modulo 2) lung cc CPS-PDU.
c) Trng bit chn l P (Parity)
Bit ny c s dng bi pha thu pht hin cc li trong STF. Bn pht s thit lp gi tr
bit P sao cho s bit 0 ca 8 bit STF l l.
44
5.3.1.8.9. Phn ti CPS-PDU
Phn ti CPS-PDU c th mang mt, nhiu (y hoc mt phn) hoc
khng mang gi PCS no. Phn ti khng s dng c in y vi cc
octet m c m ha bi gi tr 0. Mt gi CPS c th chng ln bin
gii ca mt hoc nhiu t bo ATM. im chng ln ni gi PCS c
phn chia c th l v tr bt k trong gi CPS bao gm c phn tiu
gi CPS.
xii. M hnh tham chiu trung k s dng AAL2.
M hnh tham chiu cho trung k ATM s dng lp AAL2 cho cc dch v
bng hp c trnh by trn Hnh -28. M hnh ny s h tr phm vi
rng cc ng dng lin quan n cc lin kt ni ca mt n v chc
nng tng tc mng IWF vi cc thit b bng hp v bng rng cng nh
tng tc vi cc thit b vin thng khc bao gm tng i c quan
PBX, chuyn mch ATM v cc khi IWF u xa khc. IWF l mt n v
chc nng c th c thc hin nh mt thit b c lp, mt phn ca
thit b hoc phn b ti mt vi thit b trong h thng. Da theo kh
nng v ch hot ng, c th chia n v chc nng IWF lm hai
loi, l : chuyn mch v khng chuyn mch.
Mng c nh
bng hp
Khi
IWF
Mng ATM
Khi
IWF
Khi
IWF
Mng c nh
bng hp
Mng c nh
bng hp
TDM ATM
ATM TDM
TDM

Hnh -28: M hnh tham chiu trung k ATM s dng lp AAL2 cho
cc dch v bng hp
M hnh tham chiu th hin trn Hnh -28 c th bao hm mt s thit
b vin thng khc nhau. Mng pha bng hp c th l cc tng i c
quan hoc cc chuyn mch v c th kt ni ti mt n v chc nng
IWF thng qua mt hoc cc giao din vt l. Nhng giao din vt l ny
c th da trn bo hiu knh chung (CCS) ISDN hoc s dng bo hiu
lin knh (CAS). Mng ATM c th l mt mng y , mt phn t chuyn
mch ATM n l hoc n gin ch l lin kt gia mt cp n v chc
nng IWF.
Cc knh o qua mng ATM c th l knh o chuyn mch SVC, knh o c
nh PVC hoc knh o c nh mm SPVC s mang:
- Lu lng thng tin mang v tn hiu bo hiu lin knh
CAS s dng AAL2.
- Tn hiu bo hiu knh chung CCS s dng AAL2 hoc AAL5.
Trung k ATM s dng lp AAL2 cho cc dch v bng hp dng tit kim
bng thng. iu ny c th thc hin c bng cc cch sau:
45
- Nn bng thng thoi.
- Gii phng bng thng khi ng dng thoi khng cn: nh
khi hai bn m thoi yn lng hoc khi cuc ni kt thc.
- nh tuyn v chuyn mch cc cuc ni bng hp theo c s
n cuc ni.
xiii. Cc kiu trung k s dng lp thch ng AAL2.
25. Trung k chuyn mch.
Trung k chuyn mch lin quan n vic phn tch bo hiu km theo mt
cuc ni bng hp v th tc ca thng tin i vi mt knh lp AAL2
trong kt ni o VCC gia cc n v chc nng IWF. Tng t nh vy,
vic phn tch v nh tuyn cng c yu cu i vi cc cuc ni n
t mng ATM. Sau khi cuc ni bng hp kt thc, cc cuc ni tip sau
chim cng knh bng hp (khe thi gian TDM) c th chuyn ti cc knh
AAL2 v kt ni o VCC khc nhau. Ni cch khc, khng tn ti mi quan
h c nh gia mt knh bng hp v mt knh AAL2.
26. Trung k khng chuyn mch.
Trong trung k khng chuyn mch, lung thng tin ca mt knh bng hp
lun c truyn trn cng mt knh AAL2 trong cng mt kt ni o VCC
v ngc li. Ni cch khc, s c s tng ng c nh gia mt knh
thng tin bng hp v mt knh AAL2 v kt ni o VCC c chn la
truyn knh thng tin bng hp . Trung k khng chuyn mch khng
lin quan n vic kt cui tn hiu v nh tuyn cc cuc ni bng
hp trong n v chc nng IWF. Kiu trung k ny c p dng cho
trng hp khng c bo hiu bng hp.
xiv. Cc ng dng s dng trung k AAL2.
27. Trung k truy nhp ti mng in thoi cng
cng.
Nh th hin trn Hnh Error! No text of specified style in
document.-29, cc kt ni gia tng i c quan ti mt mng cng cng
cung cp truy nhp ti cc dch v ca mng. Mt in hnh l vic
cung cp kh nng tp trung mt s lng ln cc knh bng hp ti mt
thit b bng rng. Thit b bng rng gia cc n v chc nng IWF c
th l bt k c kh nng cung cp chc nng ATM nh kt ni vt l
trc tip (cp quang), mt vng ring SONET, hoc mt mng ATM y .
n v chc nng IWF c th hot ng theo mt trong hai kiu trung k
chuyn mch hoc trung k khng chuyn mch.
Khi
IWF
Mng ATM Khi
IWF
DS1/E1
c CAS/CSS
ATM ATM
PBX
DS1/E1
c CAS/CSS
PSTN
CO

46
Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-29: Truy nhp
t tng i c quan PBX n mng PSTN.
28. Trung k PBX-PBX.
Nh th hin trn Hnh Error! No text of specified style in
document.-30, mt v d s dng nhiu n v chc nng IWF cung cp
trung k chuyn mch gia cc tng i c quan PBX. Mt nhm cc n v
chc nng IWF c lin kt vi mt mng ATM s hnh thnh mt mng cc
n v chc nng IWF. Vic kt ni PBX t c bi vic thit lp mt
hoc nhiu kt ni o (VCC) ATM s dng AAL2 gia mi cp n v chc
nng IWF cn lin lc.
Khi
IWF
Mng ATM
Khi
IWF
Khi
IWF
ATM
ATM TDM
PBX
PBX
PBX
PBX
DS1/E1
c CAS/CSS
DS1/E1
c CAS/CSS

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-30: Trung k
PBX - PBX
xv. Cu trc th tc.
Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-31 m t phng
thc cc dch v c lit k phn trn c h tr bi cc phn
khc nhau ca cu trc giao thc ATM.
Cc dch v d liu
kiu knh
Cc dch v bng tn thoi
Cc dch v d liu
kiu khung
Bo hiu CCS
cho IWFIWF
D liu
Nx64 Kbit/s
Tn hiu
trong bng
Thoi
PCM
Thoi
nn
Gii m
FAX
SSCS cho trung k D liu SSCS
AAL2 CPS
AAL5
Lp ATM

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-31: Giao thc
ATM h tr cc dch v
47
Cc dch v c th c h tr l:
- D liu bng thoi.
- D liu fax thng qua iu ch v gii iu ch.
- Thng tin DTMF thng qua cc gi DTMF.
- D liu kiu khung thng qua chc nng ng v tho gi
SAR.
xvi. n v chc nng IWF.
Mt n v chc nng IWF c th h tr cc lu m ha thoi chun.
Nhng thay i trong h cc thut ton lin quan c th khng lm gin
on thng tin m thanh. Mt n v chc nng IWF c th h tr vic
loi b khong im lng, ngha l s chn vic truyn cc gi AAL2 trong
khong thi gian im lng v chn vo nhiu nn thch hp ti pha u
cui xa. Mt n v chc nng IWF c th h tr chuyn i gia lung
PCM 64 Kbps (t pha bng hp) v cc kiu m ha c h tr pha mng
ATM. Chc nng ca n v chc nng IWF c m t trn Hnh Error! No
text of specified style in document.-32.
CCS (ch chuyn mch)
Ghp/
Tch
knh
Chuyn
mch
iu khin
cuc gi v
kt cui
bo hiu
iu khin
chuyn mch
Bo hiu
bng hp
Trung k TDM
E1/DS1
Ngi
s dng
SSCS
Ngi
s dng
SSCS
AAL2
SSCS
AAL2
SSCS
AAL2
CPS
AAL2
CPS
ATM
ATM VCC
Qun l cuc ni VCC
SSCF
+
SSCOP
AAL5
CPS
Qun l CID
Yu cu/Gii phng CID
CCS
CCS (ch khng chuyn mch)

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-32: S
khi chc nng ca h thng IWF.
Mt n v chc nng IWF bao gm cc chc nng sau:
- Chc nng ghp/tch knh: ghp cc knh bng hp n l t
chuyn mch vo cc b ghp knh thch hp cho cc ng
truyn dn ra qua cc giao din TDM v tch cc knh bng
hp n l t pha b tch knh a ti chuyn mch.
- Chc nng chuyn mch: cho php bt k knh thng tin bng
hp n l no t giao din bng hp c th c kt ni
theo c s - cuc ni ti cuc ni - ti mt knh AAL2 n
l.
48
- Kt cui bo hiu : nhn tn hiu bo hiu t v chn tn
hiu bo hiu vo c giao din bng hp TDM v giao din
bng rng ATM.
- X l cuc ni: phin dch cc tn hiu thit lp v gii
phng cuc ni t cc thit b bng rng v bng hp c
kt ni cng nh la chn ca ch cho mi cuc ni.
- Chc nng SSCS ngi s dng: bao gm m ho/gii m thoi
cho nn thoi v iu ch/gii iu ch tn hiu fax.
- Chc nng AAL2 SSCS : nh dng thng tin ngi s dng
thnh cc gi truyn ti trn cc kt ni AAL2.
- Chc nng AAL2 CPS : ghp cc kt ni AAL2 vo cc t bo
ATM.
- Qun l kt ni o: cp pht v gii phng ti cc n v
chc nng IWF cn thit h tr lu lng.
- Chc nng lp tng thch ATM bo hiu (SAAL) : bao gm
chc nng iu khin xc nh dch v (SSCF), giao thc
hng kt ni xc nh dch v (SSCOP) v phn lp hi t
phn chung AAL5 ( AAL5 SSCPS) : cho php thng tin bo
hiu c vi n v chc nng IWF khc.
- Qun l nhn dng s hiu knh AAL2 (CID) lu gi mt bn
ghi v trng thi ca gi tr nhn dng knh CID c cp
pht cho mi knh AAL2.
Hot ng ca n v chc nng IWF c m t trong cc hnh sau cho
trng hp trung k chuyn mch. Trong trng hp trung k khng chuyn
mch s khng thc hin chc nng x l cuc ni v kt cui bo hiu
v thng tin bo hiu v lu lng s chuyn qua n v chc nng IWF
theo phng thc nh x c nh cc khe thi gian bng hp vo cc knh
AAL2.
Trung k TDM E1/DS1 kt cui ti mt chc nng ghp/tch knh thc hin
phn phi cc knh 64 Kbps n l gia cc trung k v chc nng chuyn
mch. Bo hiu bng hp gn lin vi cc knh 64 Kbps n l c th l
trong bng hoc ngoi bng s c tch ra khi chuyn mch bi chc
nng kt cui bo hiu v chc nng x l cuc ni.
Chc nng kt cui bo hiu v x l cuc ni thc hin x l th tc
da trn cc thng tin bo hiu iu khin chuyn mch sao cho cc
knh 64 Kbps xut hin ti cng u ra lin kt mt cch thch hp vi
hoc cc giao din pha TDM hoc cc giao din pha ATM.
Chc nng kt cui bo hiu v x l cuc ni cng trao i thng tin
bo hiu lin quan n cc cuc ni bng hp vi chc nng kt cui bo
hiu v x l cuc ni cng cp ti n v chc nng IWF khc. Truyn
thng tin bo hiu IWF - IWF c thc hin hiu qu trn cc kt ni
knh o AAL5 thng qua mt phn lp hi t xc nh dch v thch hp
(SSCS bao gm SSCF v SSCOP). Tuy nhin, thng tin bo hiu ny c th
c trao i trn mt kt ni knh o AAL2. S thay i lin quan n
chc nng kt cui bo hiu v x l cuc ni chuyn cc khung thng
tin bo hiu qua mt SSCS AAL2.
Chc nng kt cui bo hiu v x l cuc ni lin kt vi chc nng
qun l s nhn dng knh AAL2 gn gi tr CID cho mt cuc ni bng
hp xc nh. Chc nng qun l CID lu li mt bn ghi v trng thi
ca tt c cc gi tr cp pht cho mi kt ni knh o AAL2.
49
Cc lung thng tin mang n l (64 Kbps) i ra khi chuyn mch v
pha mng ATM c x l bi chc nng SSCS ngi s dng. i vi
thoi, chc nng ny gm mt b CODEC km theo hoc khng km theo chc
nng pht hin tch cc thoi ty theo ch th ca profile c s dng
trong kt ni. i vi facsimile, chc nng SSCS ngi s dng c th
bao gm kh nng iu ch/gii iu ch. Cc n v d liu dch v SDU
nhn c t khi SSCS ngi s dng s c chuyn ti mt phn lp
hi t xc nh SSCS to gi AAL2. Cc gi AAL2 sau c chuyn
ti chc nng phn lp phn chung AAL2 CPS ghp vo cc t bo ATM
sau chuyn ti khi chc nng ATM. Mt tp cc th tc ngc li s
c thc hin i vi lung thng tin n mt n v chc nng IWF
khc theo hng truyn dn ngc li.
Mt n v chc nng IWF s c cung cp c cc giao din bng hp v
bng rng mang thng tin. Ngoi ra, n c th cung cp cc giao din
khc cho mc ch qun l v iu hnh.
29. Cc giao din bng hp.
5.3.1.8.10. Giao din vt l.
Ti lp vt l, mt n v chc nng IWF c th h tr giao din vi
DS1 v E1 ph hp vi chun G.703, G.704, hoc ANSI T1.403 1995, ty
theo ng dng.
5.3.1.8.11. Bo hiu.
Ti lp bo hiu, mt n v chc nng IWF c th h tr mt hoc nhiu
trong cc h thng bo hiu sau y ty thuc theo ng dng.
- Bo hiu knh ring - CAS
- Bo hiu knh lin kt tch bit AB hoc ABCD ph hp vi
chun G.704.
- Bo hiu knh lin kt lp bt ph hp vi cc yu cu ch
tiu ng dng nh: ANSI/TIA/EIA-464, ANSI T1 401-1993 hoc
ANSI T1 404-1996.
- Bo hiu a ch DTMF ph hp vi ANSI/TIA/EIA- 464.
- Cc h thng CAS khc ph thuc vo ng dng.
- Bo hiu knh chung - CCS
Cc h thng bo hiu knh chung l:
- Bo hiu N-ISDN ph hp vi chun Q.921 v Q.931 (DSS1).
- Bo hiu N-ISDN ph hp vi chun ANSI T1.602 v ANSI
T1.607 (DSS1)
- Bo hiu N-ISDN ph hp vi chun ETSI phin bn DSS1 nh
c nh ngha trong ETS 300 125 v ETS 300 102-1.
- PSS1 nh c nh ngha trong ISO/IEC 11572.
- DPNSS nh c xc nh trong BTNR 188.
- Cc h thng CCS khc ph thuc vo ng dng.
50
30. Cc giao din ATM.
5.3.1.8.12. Lp vt l.
Giao din gia mt n v chc nng IWF v mng ATM c th l giao din
bt k c nh ngha bi ITU-T theo phin bn I.432.x ca cc khuyn
ngh bo hiu UNI.
5.3.1.8.13. Lp thch ng.
Mt n v chc nng IWF s thc hin AAL2 nh nh ngha trong I.363.2
v trong I.363.5 trong trng hp AAL5 c s dng.
5.3.1.8.14. Lp bo hiu.
Nu mt n v chc nng IWF bo hiu ti mng ATM thit lp cc kt
ni knh o/kt ni ng o th bo hiu ti mng s tun theo
chun ATMForum UNI 4.0, ATMForum PNNI 1.0 hoc ITU-T Q 2931.
5.3.1.8.15. Lin lc gia hai khi IWF - IWF.
Hai n v chc nng IWF c th lin lc trc tip vi nhau qua mt
lin kt ATM hoc qua mt mng ATM. Cc kt ni knh o c th tn ti
gia cc n v chc nng IWF v cc kt ni ny c th l :
- Kt ni knh o c nh PVC.
- Kt ni knh o c nh mm SPVC.
- Hoc kt ni knh o chuyn mch.
Lu lng thng tin v tn hiu bo hiu lin knh CAS c truyn ti
trn cc kt ni knh o ATM s dng lp thch ng AAL2 v tn hiu bo
hiu knh chung CCS c truyn ti trn cc kt ni knh o ATM s
dng lp thch ng AAL2 hoc AAL5.
5.3.1.8.16. Bo hiu.
h tr hai kiu trung k, mt n v chc nng IWF c th h tr cc
kh nng tng ng ca bo hiu bng hp, l :
- Kt cui bo hiu (i vi trung k chuyn mch).
- Truyn ti bo hiu khng cn kt cui (i vi trung k
khng chuyn mch).
i vi mi trng hp tng ng, vic x l tn hiu bo hiu loi CAS
v CCS s khc nhau c th hin trong m hnh tham chiu giao thc s
c xem xt. Vic th hin ng dng x l cuc ni da trn cc giao
thc ny c th hin t Hnh Error! No text of specified style in
document.-33 n Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-39
s minh ha s khc nhau ch yu gia hai trng hp.
- Kt cui bo hiu
Kt cui bo hiu lin quan n mt tp cc th tc thng qua n v
chc nng IWF s thc hin kt cui bo hiu ti lp 3. iu ny bao
gm: phin dch, p ng, x l li v x l cuc ni to ra cc tn
hiu bao hm nh tuyn v chuyn mch. ng thi cng cho php vic
tng tc gia cc h thng tn hiu khc nhau.
Mi m hnh tham chiu giao thc t Hnh Error! No text of specified
style in document.-33 n Hnh Error! No text of specified style in
document.-36 th hin mt giao din bng hp n l. Tuy nhin tng
qut hn, cc cuc ni t pha cc giao din bng hp c th c n
v chc nng IWF chuyn mch ti cc knh AAL2 trn cng mt kt ni
knh o ATM.
Mt v d v trung k chuyn mch gia cc IWF cng cp c iu khin
bi mt knh bo hiu chung n l. Knh bo hiu chung ny c th c
truyn ti nh mt knh trong cc kt ni knh o s dng lp thch ng
51
AAL2 hoc trn mt kt ni knh o s dng lp AAL5 ring r. i vi
trung k chuyn mch, nu tn hiu bo hiu CAS xut hin ti mt giao
din bng hp th n phi c chuyn thnh tn hiu CCS gia cc n
v chc nng IWF.
- Thng tin iu khin qua CCS
Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-33 th hin m hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho cc n v chc nng IWF h tr CCS ti giao
din bng hp v s dng bo hiu CCS bo hiu gia IWF - IWF trn
cng mt kt ni knh o ATM s dng lp thch ng AAL2 nh cc knh
mang lu lng thng tin.
Chn tuyn
Kt cui v
x l bo hiu
Chuyn mch
Kt cui v
x l bo hiu
Bo hiu
lp 3
Bo hiu
lp 2
Lp Vt l
Giao din bng hp
Bo hiu
knh chung
CCS
Nx64 KBit/s Bo hiu
IWFIWF
(CCS)
Bo hiu
IWFIWF
I.366.1 ADT
AAL2 CPS
Lp ATM
Lp Vt l
Ph lc AJ
I.366.2
Bo hiu
ATM
Giao din ATM
DSS2
SAAL
iu khin
Cuc gi

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-33: M hnh
tham chiu cho trung k chuyn mch vi giao din CCS v truyn
tn hiu CCS qua lp thch ng AAL2 gia cc IWF.











Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-34 th hin m hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho cc n v chc nng IWF h tr CCS ti giao
52
din bng hp v s dng bo hiu CCS bo hiu gia IWF - IWF trn
mt kt ni knh o ATM s dng lp thch ng AAL5 ring r.
Chn tuyn
Kt cui v
x l bo hiu
Chuyn mch
Kt cui v
x l bo hiu
Bo hiu
lp 3
Bo hiu
lp 2
Lp Vt l
Giao din bng hp
Bo hiu
knh chung
CCS
Nx64 KBit/s Bo hiu
IWFIWF
(CCS)
Bo hiu
IWFIWF
AAL2 CPS
Lp ATM
Lp Vt l
Ph lc AJ
I.366.2
Bo hiu
ATM
Giao din ATM
DSS2
SAAL
iu khin
Cuc gi
SAAL

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-34: M hnh
tham chiu cho trung k chuyn mch vi giao din CCS v truyn
tn hiu CCS qua lp thch ng AAL5 gia cc IWF.
- Thng tin iu khin thng qua CAS vi DTMF v chuyn thnh CCS
Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-35 th hin m hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho cc n v chc nng IWF h tr kt cui tn
hiu bo hiu iu khin CAS v pha giao din bng hp v tng tc
bo hiu chuyn thnh CCS bo hiu gia IWF - IWF v c truyn
trn cng mt kt ni knh o ATM s dng lp thch ng AAL2 nh cc
knh mang lu lng thng tin. Chc nng x l cuc ni cung cp kh
nng chuyn i gia CAS v CCS.
Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-36 th hin m hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho cc n v chc nng IWF h tr vic kt cui
tn hiu bo hiu iu khin CAS v pha giao din bng hp v tng
tc bo hiu chuyn thnh tn hiu CCS bo hiu gia IWF - IWF v
c truyn trn mt kt ni knh o ATM s dng lp thch ng AAL5 nh
cc knh mang lu lng thng tin. Chc nng x l cuc ni cung cp
kh nng chuyn i gia CAS v CCS.
53
Chn tuyn
Kt cui v
x l bo hiu
Chuyn mch
Kt cui v
x l bo hiu
Bo hiu
a ch DTMF
v
gim st CAS
Lp Vt l
Giao din bng hp
Bo hiu
lin knh
CAS
64 KBit/s Bo hiu
IWFIWF
(CCS)
Bo hiu
IWFIWF
AAL2 CPS
Lp ATM
Lp Vt l
Ph lc AI
I.366.2
Bo hiu
ATM
Giao din ATM
DSS2
SAAL
iu khin
Cuc gi
I.366.1 ADT

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-35: M hnh
tham chiu cho trung k chuyn mch vi giao din CAS v truyn
tn hiu CCS qua lp thch ng AAL2 gia cc IWF.
54
Chn tuyn
Kt cui v
x l bo hiu
Chuyn mch
Kt cui v
x l bo hiu
Bo hiu
a ch DTMF
v
gim st CAS
Lp Vt l
Giao din bng hp
Bo hiu
lin knh
CAS
64 KBit/s Bo hiu
IWFIWF
(CCS)
Bo hiu
IWFIWF
AAL2 CPS
Lp ATM
Lp Vt l
Ph lc AI
I.366.2
Bo hiu
ATM
Giao din ATM
DSS2
SAAL
iu khin
Cuc gi
SAAL

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-36: M hnh
tham chiu cho trung k chuyn mch vi giao din CAS v truyn
tn hiu CCS qua lp thch ng AAL5 gia cc IWF.
- Truyn ti cc tn hiu khng cn kt cui ti n v chc nng
IWF
Truyn ti cc tn hiu khng cn kt cui ti n v chc nng IWF
c cp n trong trng hp mt n v chc nng IWF khng cung
cp kt cui ca giao thc lp 3 hoc lp 2 y , ngha l khng
dch, p ng hoc x l cc tn hiu cho mc ch nh tuyn. Mt n
v chc nng IWF khng thc hin nh tuyn v chuyn mch, tn hiu
bo hiu s c truyn trong sut gia pha giao din bng hp v giao
din bng rng pha mng ATM.
Cc m hnh tham chiu giao thc th hin trn Hnh Error! No text of
specified style in document.-36 n Hnh Error! No text of specified
style in document.-39 trnh by v cc giao din bng hp. Tng qut
hn, cc khe thi gian t cc giao din bng hp c th c nh x bi
mt n v chc nng IWF ti cc knh AAL2 ca cng mt kt ni knh o
ATM.
Nu cc giao din bng hp, vi knh CCS ca ring n c truyn ti
bi mt trung k khng chuyn mch, kt ni knh o ATM s dng lp
thch ng AAL2 c th cha nhiu knh CCS. Cng nh vy, cc knh CCS
c th c truyn trn cc kt ni knh o s dng lp thch ng AAL5
hoc cc knh CCS c th c truyn ti bng cch kt hp hai phng
thc trn.
- Thng tin iu khin qua CAS vi DTMF
Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-37 th hin m hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho cc n v chc nng IWF m truyn tn hiu
55
bo hiu trong sut gia cc giao din bng hp v knh AAL2 m khng
cn kt cui v dch tn hiu bo hiu thng qua ng dng x l cuc
ni.
iu khin cuc gi
Bo hiu
a ch DTMF v
gim st CAS
nh x c nh
Ph lc AI Ph lc K Ph lc L
I.366.2
AAL2 CPS
Lp ATM
Lp Vt l
SAAL
DSS2
Lp Vt l
64 KBit/s
Bo hiu ATM
Giao din ATM
Giao din bng hp

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-37: M hnh tham
chiu cho trung k khng chuyn mch vi CAS truyn qua AAL2 gia cc
IWF.
Bo hiu CAS c nh x vo cng knh AAL2 nh thng tin lu lng v
c th km theo thng tin quay s DTMF.
- Thng tin iu khin qua CCS
Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-38 th hin m hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho cc n v chc nng IWF truyn tn hiu bo
hiu CCS trong sut qua cc giao din bng hp v knh AAL2 m khng
cn kt cui v dch tn hiu bo hiu thng qua ng dng x l cuc
ni. Trc khi c nh x vo knh AAL2, tn hiu CCS c thay
i,ti giao thc lp 2 c to khung bi iu khin lin kt d liu
lp cao HDLC thng qua c, chn bit v mt phn m d vng 16 bit-CRC.
Cc n v d liu ng khung c truyn gia cc n v chc nng IWF
s dng la chn pht hin li ca khuyn ngh I.366.1.
56
iu khin cuc gi
To khung
HDLC
nh x c nh
Ph lc AJ
I.366.1 TED I.366.2
AAL2 CPS
Lp ATM
Lp Vt l
SAAL
DSS2
Lp Vt l
Nx64 KBit/s
Bo hiu ATM
Giao din ATM
Giao din bng hp
Bo hiu knh chung
CCS

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-38: M hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho trung k khng chuyn mch vi CCS
truyn qua lp AAL2 gia cc IWF.










Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-39 th hin m hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho cc n v chc nng IWF truyn tn hiu bo
hiu CCS trong sut qua cc giao din bng hp v mt kt ni knh o
s dng lp thch ng AAL5 ring r m khng cn kt cui v dch tn
hiu bo hiu thng qua ng dng x l cuc ni.
57
iu khin cuc gi
To khung
HDLC
nh x c nh
Ph lc AJ
AAL5 CPCS
I.366.2
AAL2 CPS
Lp ATM
Lp Vt l
SAAL
DSS2
Lp Vt l
Nx64 KBit/s
Bo hiu ATM
Giao din ATM
Giao din bng hp
Bo hiu knh chung
CCS

Hnh Error! No text of specified style in document.-39: M hnh
tham chiu giao thc cho trung k khng chuyn mch vi CCS
truyn qua lp AAL5 gia cc IWF.
xvii. iu khin cc kt ni knh o ATM v knh AAL2
Trong phn ny, tn hiu bo hiu knh ring CAS v tnhiu bo hiu
knh chung CCS s tham chiu ti bo hiu bng hp qua ATM c s dng
gia cc n v chc nng IWF iu khin cc cuc ni c ch nh
cho cc knh ca kt ni knh o ATM s dng AAL2.
Tn hiu CCS gia cc n v chc nng IWF c th c truyn ti trong
mt kt ni knh o s dng lp thch ng AAL2 hoc trn kt ni knh
o s dng lp thch ng AAL5 ring r. Trong trng hp trung k
chuyn mch s dng lp thch ng AAL2 cho CCS, c nhiu nht mt knh
CCS trong mi kt ni knh o s dng lp thch ng AAL2 v n s chim
s hiu nhn dng knh AAL2 l CID = 8. Trong trng hp trung k kiu
khng chuyn mch s dng lp thch ng AAL2 cho tn hiu CCS, c th
c nhiu knh CCS trong mt kt ni knh o s dng lp thch ng AAL2
v chim s hiu nhn dng CID l mt gi tr trong khong 8 - 255.
Trong trng hp s dng lp thch ng AAL5 cho tn hiu CCS, mi knh
CCS s chim ton b kt ni knh o s dng lp thch ng AAL5. Trong
tt c cc trng hp, mt knh CCS c th iu khin cc knh thng
tin lu lng trn nhiu kt ni knh o s dng AAL2. Trong trng hp
trung k kiu chuyn mch, tt c cc knh thng tin lu lng trn mt
kt ni knh o s dng AAL2 c iu khin bi mt knh CCS.
31. Cc tham s ca kt ni knh o.
thit lp cc kt ni knh o, cc tham s ca n cn c tha
thun. Cc th tc kt ni knh o theo cc m hnh tham chiu giao
58
thc trnh by phn trn s c xem xt. Cc th tc bo hiu hin nay
khng h tr vic kt hp hai loi bo hiu CAS v CCS hoc trung k
chuyn mch v trung k khng chuyn mch trn cng mt kt ni knh
o. Trong nhng th tc ny cc knh o c nh mm SPVC c coi nh
knh o c nh PVC.
5.3.1.8.17. Nhn dng ng dng (AppId).
Nhn dng ng dng xc nh s kt hp giao thc c s dng cc
n v chc nng IWF. Cc gi tr c nh ngha nh sau:
- Trung k kiu chuyn mch s dng PSS1 gia cc n v chc
nng IWF.
- Trung k kiu chuyn mch s dng DSS1 gia cc n v chc
nng IWF.
- Trung k kiu chuyn mch s dng DPNSS gia cc n v chc
nng IWF.
- Trung k kiu chuyn mch s dng cc loi tn hiu bo hiu
knh hcung CCS khc gia cc n v chc nng IWF.
- Trung k kiu khng chuyn mch s dng CAS gia cc n v
chc nng IWF (khng p dng cho kt ni knh o s dng lp
thch ng AAL5).
- Trung k kiu khng chuyn mch s dng CCS gia cc n v
chc nng IWF (tt c cc knh s dng lp thch ng AAL2 trong
kt ni knh o ny c iu khin bi cng mt lung tn hiu
bo hiu bng hp).
- S kt hp khng nh trc (khng p dng cho kt ni knh o
s dng lp thch ng AAL5).
- AppId ca mt kt ni knh o: loi knh AAL, v tr CCS iu
khin... s xc nh m hnh giao thc no c s dng trong kt
ni knh o .
5.3.1.8.18. Nhn dng kt ni knh o VCCI.
phn bit cc kt ni knh o VCC, mi VCC s c mt s hiu nhn
dng VCCI i vi c cc VCC AAL2 v VCC AAL5. B to VCC s gn gi
tr VCCI cho kt ni knh o . VCCI ca knh o c nh PVC c cung
cp mt cch tng h.
VCCI l duy nht cho tt c cc VCC gia hai n v chc nng IWF nhng
c th c lp li vi cc n v chc nng IWF cng cp khc. to
hai khong trng gi tr khng xung t, khun dng ca mt VCCI bao
gm mt bit c do n v chc nng IWF cng cp ch nh gi tr, ngha
l khi pht hoc khi nhn ca mt bn tin bao gm VCCI.
Gia hai n v chc nng IWF, mt cp VCCI v CID nhn dng mt
knh AAL2.
5.3.1.8.19. Nhn dng kt ni knh o bo hiu (SigVCCI)
Nhiu knh bo hiu bng hp c th tn ti gia mt cp n v chc
nng IWF. Nhiu VCC AAL5 cng nh VCC AAL2 c th truyn tn hiu CCS.
Mt iu quan trng l cn xc nh CCS no iu khin VCC AAL2 cho
trc trnh xung t.
Nu AppId ca mt VCC AAL2 ch th l CCS, gi tr VCCI ca VCC AAL2
hoc AAL5 m cha CCS s c xc nh chnh l gi tr nhn dng
kt ni knh o bo hiu SigVCCI ca VCC AAL2.
Nu SigVCCI = VCCI, th VCC AAL2 s cha knh CCS. gi tr bng nhau
ny c tc dng nh mt ch th khi VCC AAL2 cha knh CCS v ngc li
nu mt VCC AAL2 cha knh CCS th SigVCCI = VCCI, ngha l VCC AAL2 s
59
c iu khin bi knh bo hiu CCS trong VCC . iu ny khng c
ngha l knh CCS trong mt VCC AAL2 khng c kh nng iu khin cc
VCC AAL2 khc m khng cha knh CCS ca ring n.
5.3.1.8.20. Loi SSCS mc nh.
i vi tt c cc VCC AAL2 th loi SSCS mc nh l I.366.2
5.3.1.8.21. Cc gi tr tham s SSCS mc nh.
Cc tham s SCSS ca hot ng c s dng khng nh rng cc n
v chc nng IWF lin kt tha thun mt tp cc kh nng c p
dng i vi mt VCC. Cc tham s c nh ngha trong I.366.2
Trong cc gi tr tham s SSCS c h tr bi c hai n v chc nng
IWF, mt tp xc nh cc gi tr c th c ch nh l mc nh i
vi mt VCC AAL2. Cc VCC AAL2 khc nhau gia hai n v chc nng IWF
c th khc cc gi tr tham s SSCS mc nh s c p dng cho mi
s hiu nhn dng CID ca VCC AAL2. Nu khng c bo hiu trn c s
n knh (per-channel basis), hoc minh bch hoc khng minh bch, cc
gi tr tham s SSCS mc nh s c p dng vi mi s hiu nhn dng
CID ca VCC AAL2.
32. Cc tham s CPS AAL2.
Cc tham s ca phn lp phn chung l:
- S lng ti a cc s hiu nhn dng CID c th c kch
hot.
- di gi ti a.
33. Cc gi tr tham s AAL5.
Cc tham s AAL5 l:
- Kch thc SPCS-SDU hng i ti a.
- Kch thc CPCS-SDU hng n ti a.
- Loi SSCS.
34. Cc tham s ca knh o c nh PVC.
i vi mt PVC AAL2, cc tham s sau s c xc nh trong qu trnh
x l khi to.
- AppId.
- VCCI.
- SigVCCI ( nu AppId biu th l tn hiu bo hiu CCS).
- Loi SSCS mc nh.
- Cc gi tr tham s SSCS mc nh.
- Loi AAL2.
- Cc tham s CPS AAL2.
i vi mt PVC AAL5, cc c tnh sau s c xc nh trong qu trnh
x l khi to.
- AppId.
- VCCI.
- Loi AAL5.
60
- Cc tham s CPS AAL5.
xviii. Bo hiu ca knh o chuyn mch SVC.
Cc n v chc nng IWF yu cu bo hiu ti thiu h tr bi cc
chuyn mch ang phc v v cc mng p ng c ch tiu trong UNI
4.0. bao gm c h tr bt buc cho cc dch v la chn ca truyn ti
nhn dng chung GIT.
Cc c tnh s dng trong qu trnh thit lp knh o c nh PVC s
c bo hiu gia cc n v chc nng IWF thit lp mt knh o
chuyn mch SVC. Thng tin bo hiu c m ho vo cc phn t thng
tin (IE - Information Element) bng rng.
Cc knh SVC c to cho cc loi lu lng khc nhau c th hot ng
vi cc gi tr tham s SSCS mc nh khc nhau. n v chc nng IWF
khi to qu trnh thit lp ca knh SVC c th biu th cc gi tr
ny. n v chc nng IWF p ng s hoc tip nhn hoc t chi cc
gi tr v gii phng knh SVC nu cc gi tr b t chi, khng c bt
k qua trnh thng lng no trong cc th tc ny.
35. S hiu nhn dng ng dng (AppId).
AppId s c truyn ti trong bn tin SETUP nh mt phn ca phn t
thng tin B-HLI IE, cc gi tr xc nh c gn theo nhn dng t
chc duy nht ca ATM Forum (ATM Forums OUI).
36. S hiu nhn dng kt ni knh o (VCCI)
S hiu VCCI s c truyn ti trong bn tin SETUP nh mt phn ca
phn t thng tin truyn nhn dng chung GIT IE. C c to trong gi
tr VCCI s cho bit gi tr c gn bi bn pht cc bn tin SETUP.
37. S hiu nhn dng kt ni knh o bo hiu
(Sig VCCI)
S hiu SigVCCI s c truyn trong bn tin SETUP nh mt phn ca
phn t thng tin GIT IE. SigVCCI s tn ti khi lp thch ng AAL l
loi 2 v AppId th hin l bo hiu CCS.
38. Loi SSCS mc nh.
Loi SSCS mc nh c th c truyn trong bn tin SETUP nh mt phn
ca phn t thng tin tham s AAL khi lp thch ng AAL l loi 2. Nu
mt gi tr b b qua, mc nh ca khuyn ngh I.366.2 s c p
dng.
39. Cc gi tr tham s SSVS mc nh.
Cc gi tr tham s SSCS mc nh c th c truyn trong bn tin
SETUP nh mt phn ca phn t thng tin tham s AAL khi lp thch ng
AAL l loi 2. Nu mt gi tr ca mt tham s SSCS bt k b b qua
th gi tr mc nh ca khuyn ngh I.366.2 mc 18 s c p dng.
40. Cc gi tr tham s CPS AAL2.
Cc gi tr tham s CPS AAL2 c th c truyn trong bn tin SETUP nh
mt phn ca phn t thng tin tham s AAL. Nu mt gi tr ca mt
tham s CPS AAL2 bt k b b qua th gi tr mc nh ca khuyn ngh
I.366.2 mc 11 s c p dng.
61
41. Cc gi tr tham s AAL5.
Cc gi tr tham s AAL5 c th c truyn trong bn tin SETUP nh mt
phn ca phn t thng tin tham s AAL. Nu mt gi tr ca mt tham s
AAL5 bt k b b qua th gi tr mc nh ca khuyn ngh Q.2931 mc
4.5.5 s c p dng.
42. Cc trng thi li.
Nu mt AppId khng nhn c trong bn tin SETUP, knh SVC s b gii
phng.
Nu mt s hiu VCCI khng nhn c trong bn tin SETUP hoc gi tr
ca n khng duy nht trong tt c cc kt ni VCC vi cung cc n v
chc nng IWF cng cp th knh SVC s b gii phng.
Nu mt s hiu SigVCCI khng nhn c trong bn tin SETUP khi lp
thch ng AAL l loi 2 v AppId biu th ng dng l bo hiu CCS hoc
nhn c trong cc tnh hung khc th knh SVC s b gii phng.
Nu SigVCCI khc VCCI v SigVCCI khng ng hp vi VCCI ca mt VCC
AAL2 hoc AAL5 hin ti gia cc n v chc nng IWF cng cp, knh
SVC s b gii phng. Nu AppId ca VCCI ng hp khng biu th ng
dng l bo hiu CCS hoc c cc mu thun khc gia knh SVC v VCCI
ng hp, knh SVC s b gii phng.
43. X l knh SVC d phng.
Cc n v chc nng IWF cng cp thc hin s khi to tng t ng
thi, c th thnh thong sao li mt ngun ti nguyn, nh mt knh
SVC AAL5 cho bo hiu gia cc IWF hoc mt knh SVC AAL2 truyn ti
cc cuc ni bng hp, trong khi ch cn mt ngun ti nguyn cng
p ng. Trong trng hp , nu ngun ti nguyn n l c mong
mun, mt knh SVC s c tip tc duy tr v knh SVC cn li s c
coi l knh d phng v khng c s dng, thm ch c th c gii
phng. Knh SVC c gi li s l knh c thit lp bi a ch ATM
thp hn. xc nh xem a ch no trong s hai a ch ATM l thp
hn, cc a ch E.164 nguyn thy c chuyn sang dng ASEA E.164
(nhng NSAP) vi trng DSP c thit lp l tt c cc bit 0. Hai
ASEA s c so snh theo tng octet bt u t octet u tin, s dng
php so snh s khng du cho n khi gp s khc nhau.
Mt n v chc nng IWF s khng thit lp cc cuc ni bng hp s
dng mt knh SVC d nh c gii phng (k c s dng lm knh thng
tin lu lng hay knh bao hiu). Tt c cc cuc ni hin ti m
c thit lp s dng knh SVC d nh b gii phng s b gii phng.
xix. Thit lp v gii phng cc knh AAL2.
44. Gn s hiu nhn dng knh AAL2 (CID).
Da vo vic h tr trung k kiu chuyn mch hay trung k kiu khng
chuyn mch, mt n v chc nng IWF s cung cp cc kh nng gn s
hiu nhn dng CID nh sau
45. Cp pht CID.
i vi c hai kiu, mt n v chc nng IWF s cp pht CID tnh, c
ngha l cc gi tr CID c s dng cho mt kt ni VCC c cp pht
ng thi vi thi im VCC c to ra v c thc hin hoc thng
qua cc th tc qun l (i vi knh PVC hoc knh SPVC) hoc thng
qua chuyn mch (i vi knh SVC). Trong cc gi tr CID t 1 n 7
s khng c cp pht.
62
i vi trung k kiu khng chuyn mch, bt k mt phn tp ca cc
gi tr CID t 8 n 255 u c th c cp pht cho cc lin kt n
cc khe thi gian bng hp.
i vi trung k kiu chuyn mch, phm vi ca cc gi tr CID c cp
pht s l lin tc, bt u ti CID = 8 nu mt knh trong kt ni VCC
AAL2 c s dng cho bo hiu IWF - IWF v ti CID = 9 trong cc
trng hp khc. Gi tr CID ln nht c cp pht s nh hn hoc
bng 255. Gi tr CID ln nht c bo hiu nh mt phn ca phn t
thng tin tham s AAL khi knh SVC c thit lp.
46. Lin kt CID
i vi trung k kiu khng chuyn mch, mt n v chc nng IWF s s
dng lin kt CID c nh, ngha l duy tr mi quan h c nh gia
mi gi tr CID c cp pht v mt khe thi gian bng hp. Mi quan
h ny s c thit lp khi kt ni VCC c to ra.
i vi trung k kiu chuyn mch, mt n v chc nng IWF s xc nh
s hiu CID i vi knh bng hp lin kt trn c s n cuc ni, bi
v y l c tnh ch yu yu cu chuyn mch. Ngoi ra lin kt
ca cc gi tr CID i vi cc knh thng tin mang, mt n v chc
nng IWF s dnh sn CID = 8 s dng cho bo hiu IWF - IWF. Khi
khng c knh bo hiu no trong kt ni VCC AAL2 th s hiu CID = 8
cng khng c s dng.
47. La chn CID v ti thiu ha s nhm ln.
i vi trung k chuyn mch, ti thiu ha s nhm ln trong vic
la chn cc gi tr CID thit lp cuc ni, hai lin kt IWF s la
chn cc gi tr CID t cc u cui i lp trong phm vi CID cp pht
cho mi kt ni VCC dnh cho knh thng tin mang. n v chc nng iu
khin s la chn cc gi tr CID thch hp l gi tr CID thp hn
trong phm vi v IWF khng iu khin s la chn gi tr CID cao hn.
IWF iu khin c ch nh nh trong phn 5.5
xx. Cc th tc lin kt knh AAL2
48. Kiu trung k khng chuyn mch.
i vi kiu trung k khng chuyn mch, knh AAL2 c lin kt c
nh vi cc knh thng tin mang bng hp, do s khng ap dng cc
th tc lin kt knh AAL2.
Kiu trung k chuyn mch.