Cm bin in dung l gi? : cm bin in dung l cc thit b khng cn tip xc nhng c kh nng o c cao hay s thay i ca bt k vt th no.

. Cm bin in dung c th lm vic vi cc vt phi kim. Bn cht cm bin in dung: cm bin hot ng da trn c tnh v in dung ca t in. in dung l thuc tnh tn ti gia 2 bn cc ca t in .ch cn thay i khong cch gia 2 bn cc l s c s thay i v in dung.nh c s thay i ny m chng ta xc nh c vt th. Cm bin c th xc vt th vi khong cch 0,25-2 T in: Mt t in l mt thit b bao gm hai in cc cch nhau bi mt cht cch in. T thng c to thnh t hai bn dn in cch nhau bi mt cht gi l in mi. in mi c th l khng kh, mica ,gm, nhin liu, hoc vt liu cch in thch hp khc. Nng lng in hoc ph c lu tr trn cc bn cc. Hnh 2.1 Minh ho mt cu hnh c bn mch m cc t in ngay sau khi cng tc ng.

Khi mt in p c p dng trn hai thit b u cui ca t in, bn cc s bt u lu tr nng lng in cho n khi s khc bit in p qua cc t in vi in p ngun. Cc in tch vn cn trn cc tm sau khi ngt kt ni ngun in p tr khi cc thnh phn khc tiu th ph ny hoc cc t in mt ph ca n do r r, v khng c in mi l mt cht cch in hon ho. T vi t r r c th gi c in tch trong mt thi gian ng k thi gian. Cc tm kt ni vi dng u cui lu tr in tch dng (hay + Q) trn b mt ca n v tm kt ni vi lu tr u cui m in tch m (hoc-Q). Thi gian cn thit sc y mt t in c xc nh theo thi gian Hng s. Gi tr ca thi gian lin tc m t thi gian cn sc mt t in n 63% tng cng sut ca n. Hng s thi gian (s) c o trong vi giy v c th c nh ngha nh trong Eq.2.1, u, c phi l cc in tr kt ni ph hp vi t in c in dung.

in dung: in dung l thuc tnh in ca t in. N l thc o ca s lng in tch mt t in c th nm gi mt in p. in dung c o trong Farad (F) v n c th c xc nh trong cc n v Culng mi Voltas. Mt t in c in dung ca mt farad c th lu tr mt Coulomb ph khi in p trn thit b u cui ca n l 1 V. Gi tr in dung in hnh dao ng t khong 1 pF (10-12F) vi khong 1.000 LF (10-3F). Mt in trng s tn ti gia hai tm ca mt t in, nu in p c p dng cho mt trong nhng bn. in trng kt qu l do s khc bit gia in chi ph lu tr trn b mt ca mi tm. in dung m t cc hiu ng vo in trng do khng gian gia hai tm. in dung ph thuc vo hnh dng ca cc dy dn v khng phi trn mt ngun sc bn ngoi hoc s khc bit v in p. Khong cch gia hai bn ca t in c ph bng vt liu in mi. Nhn chung, gi tr in dung c xc nh bi cc vt liu in mi, khong cch gia cc tm, v din tch mi tm. in dung ca mt t in c th c th hin bng hnh dng v lin tc nh in mi ca n. Hin tng in dung c lin quan n in trng gia hai bn ca t in. Cng in trng gia hai tm gim khi khong cch gia hai bn thc hin tang. Cng trng thp hn hoc khong cch tch bit ln hn s lm gim in dung gi tr. a dn in vi din tch b mt ln hn c th lu tr hn in tch, do , mt gi tr in dung ln hn l thu c vi hn din tch b mt. Cm bin tim cn: Mt cm bin khong cch l mt u d c th pht hin s hin din ca gn i tng m khng c bt k tip xc vt l. Thng thng, mt cm bin khong cch pht ra mt trng in t hoc in, hoc mt chm bc x in t. v pht hin bt k thay i trong lnh vc hoc tn hiu tr li. loi dung cm bin ln cn bao gm mt b dao ng c tn s c xc nh bi mt cm-in dung mch m mt tm kim loi c kt ni. khi mt thc hin hoc thc hin mt phn i tng n gn tm, cc ln nhau in dung thay i tn s dao ng. S thay i ny c pht hin v gi n cc n v iu khin. Cc i tng c cm nhn thng c gi l mc tiu cm bin khong cch. Hnh 2.5 cho thy mt v d v s gn gi dung cm bin. Nh khong cch gia cc cm bin khong cch v cc i tng mc tiu c nh hn, in trng phn phi xung quanh cc t kinh nghim mt s thay i, c pht hin bi cc n v iu khin.