TRNG I HC CNG NGHIP TP.

H CH MINH
KHOA CNG NGH HA HC

TIU LUN MN HC
QU TRNH THIT B MY V HA CHT

GVHD: ThS Nguyn Thch Minh

LP:

HHC5LT

SVTH: Nguyn Tun Cnh - 09262601

Nguyn Th Thin Nga - 09247481
Nguyn c Duy - 09278011
L Hng Duy - 09285121
Phm Th Vinh - 09258401

Tp. H Ch Minh, thng 11 nm 2010

1

LI CM N

Trong qu trnh thc hin bi tiu lun ny, nhm chng ti nhn c
s gip ca nhiu ngi. Chng ti xin gi li chn thnh cm n n:
Trng H Cng Nghip TP.HCM to mi iu kin thun li v c s
vt cht, trang thit b chng ti hc tp, nghin cu.
S gip ca cc thy c Trung Tm My v Thit B Ha Cht h
tr kin thc cho chng ti hon thnh tt tiu lun ny.
Thy Nguyn Thch Minh gio vin trc tip ging dy v hng dn
trong sut qu trnh nghin cu v tm hiu v ti tiu lun. Nh s gip
ca thy m nhm chng ti c th hon thnh xong tiu lun ny trong thi hn
cho php.
Nhm chng ti c gng ht sc nhng do kin thc v thi gian thc
hin cn hn ch nn bi tiu lun khng th trnh khi nhng thiu st, rt mong
nhn c s nhn xt v gp ca thy v cc bn ti chng ti c hon
thin tt hn.
Cui cng xin chc ton th qu thy c, gia nh v bn b di do sc
khe v cng tc tt.
Chng ti xin chn thnh cm n!

NHN XT CA GIO VIN HNG DN

MC LC
3

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MY BM........................................................5

1.1 Gii thiu chun...............................................................................................5
1.2 Phn loi bm.................................................................................................6
Cc loi bm th tch:...........................................................................................6
CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V BM TH TCH..............................................9
2.1. Khi nim chung............................................................................................9
2.2. Phn loi........................................................................................................9
2.2.1 Bm pittng (piston....................................................................................12
2.2.1.1 Khi nim chung v my bm piston......................................................12
2.2.1.3 Phn loi bm piston..............................................................................13
a. Phn loi theo phng php dn ng:.........................................................13
b. Phn loi theo kt cu piston.........................................................................14
c. Phn loi theo s ln tc dng........................................................................14
d. Phn loi theo p sut lm vi........................................................................15
e. Phn loi theo lu lng................................................................................15
2.2.1.4 u nhc im ca bm pittng............................................................16
2.2.1.5 Cc thng s lm vic trong bm th tch...............................................16
2.2.1.6 Kh nng t ht ca bm th tch..........................................................18
2.2.1.7 Lu lng ca bm piston......................................................................18
2.2.1.8 Khc phc chuyn ng khng n nh ca cht lng trong h thng
bm piston...........................................................................................................24
2.2.1.9 Chuyn ng khng n nh ca cht lng trong bm..........................27
2.2.1.10 ng c tnh ca bm piston............................................................29
2.2.1.11 ng c thy lc piston........................................................................30
2.2.2 Bm bnh rng...........................................................................................36
2.2.3 Bm trc vt................................................................................................38
4

2.2.4 Bm rto cnh trt...................................................................................39

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN V MY BM

1.1 Gii thiu chung

Bm l loi thit b c ng dng rng ri trong cc ngnh cng nghip,
dng vn chuyn cht lng chuyn ng trong ng.
Bm l thit b chnh cung cp nng lng cho cht lng thng tr lc
trong ng ng khi chuyn ng, nng cht lng ln cao no , to lu
lng chy trong thit b cng ngh
Bm la mt phng tin hay thit bi vn chuyn lu cht t mt vi tri
(mc) nay n vi tri (mc ) khac bng cach truyn c nng thng qua tac ng c

hoc (bng chuyn ng quay hoc chuyn ng tinh tin hoc kt hp cua ca hai
chuyn ng nay), xay ra s chuyn i nng lng nh yu cu.
Vai tr ca bm trong h thng thit b cng ngh l v cng quan trng, do
h thng cng ngh hot ng c tt, mt trong nhng vn quan trng
l bit phng php tnh ton v chn nhng thng s ca bm cho ph hp vi
iu kin k thut, lp t v vn hnh bm ng yu cu k thut.
1.2 Phn loi bm
Da vo nguyn l lm vic ngi ta chia bm thnh ba loi:
Bm th tch: Vic ht v y cht lng ra khi bm nh s thay i th
tch ca khng gian lm vic trong bm. Do th tch v p sut cht
lng trong bm s thay i v cung cp nng lng cho cht lng.
Vic thay i th tch trong bm c th do:
-

Chuyn ng tnh tin (bm pittong)

Chuyn ng quay (bm roto)

Bm ng lc: Vic ht v y cht lng ra khi bm nh s chuyn ng

quay trn ca cc bm, khi ng nng ca cnh qut s truyn vo cht
lng to nng lng cho dng chy.
Nng lng ca cnh qut truyn vo cht lng c th di dng:
-

Lc ly tm (bm ly tm)

Lc y ca cnh qut (bm hng trc)

Lc ma st (bm xon c)

Bm kh ng: Vic ht v y cht lng c thc hin nh s thay i

p sut ca dng kh chuyn ng trong bm v to nng lng cho dng
chy.
-

Bm ejector: Vic thay i p sut dng kh s to ra lc li cun

cht lng chuyn ng cng dng kh

Thng nn: To p sut trn b mt cht lng nhm to cho cht

lng c th nng cn thit chuyn ng

Ngoi ra cn c bm tia, bm sc kh cc loi bm ny thng

khng c b phn dn ng m dng dng kh hay hi lm ngun
ng lc y cht lng

1.3 Cc loi bm th tch:

6

CHNG 2: TNG QUAN V BM TH TCH

2.1. Khi nim chung:
Bm th tch: l loi bm c th bin i trc tip c nng thnh th nng,
thng qua qu trnh nn, gim cht lng bng cch thay i theo chu k dung tch
trong mt th tch kn.
2.2. Phn loi:
Bm th tch gm nhiu loi.
Theo cng dng, c th chia lm hai loi:

Bm nc v cc loi cht lng khc.

Bm du dng trong cc h thng truyn ng.

Theo kt cu v dng chuyn ng, c th chia ra 3 loi ch yu:

Bm piston (chuyn ng tnh tin)

Bm piston-roto (va c chuyn ng tnh tin va c chuyn ng

quay)

Bm roto (chuyn ng quay)

2.3. Cc thng s lm vic c bn ca bm th tch

Cc thng s lm vic c bn ca bm th tch c mt s c im khc

vi cc

thng s ca bm cnh dn.

Theo nguyn l, p sut ca cht lng trong my thy lc th tch ch ph

thuc ti trng ngoi. Nu bung lm vic hon ton kn, th lu lng ca
my khng ph thuc vo p sut, cn p sut c th tng ln bao nhiu
cng c ty thuc vo p sut ph ti v cng sut ca bm. Khi lu
9

lng ca my thy lc th tch ch ph thuc vo vn tc chuyn ng

ca piston. Nu vn tc piston khng thay i th lu lng cng khng
thay i.

Nhng thc t, bung lm vic khng th tuyt i kn vi mi tr s p

sut. Khi

tng ti trng lm vic tng n mc no s xut hin s chy r cht

lng, nu tip tc tng ti trng na th lu lng ca my s hon ton
mt mt do r r. Ngoi ra, p sut lm vic cn b hn ch bi sc bn ca
my.

Do vy, m bo s lm vic bnh thng ca my, phi hn ch p sut lm

vic ti a bng cch dng van an ton (van s t ng thi cht lng gim p
sut lm vic khi ti trng qu ln.
2.3.1. Lu lng
Lu lng l thuyt Ql (lu lng cha k ti s chy r) bng tng ca th tch
lm vic ca my trong mt n v thi gian:
Ql = ql.n

ql: lu lng ring ca my (trong mt chu k), n cng chnh l th tch

lm vic ca my trong mt chu k.

n: s chu k lm vic ca my trong mt n v thi gian (thng bng s

vng quay ca trc my).

Ql: l lu lng tnh trong c qu trnh trong mt n v thi gian nn cn

gi l lu lng trung bnh l thuyt. Khc vi my thy lc cnh dn, lu
lng tc thi ca my thy lc th tch thay i theo thi gian, k c khi
my lm vic n nh.

2.3.2. Ap sut
Ta bit, ct p ca my thy lc th tch c to nn ch yu bi s thay i p
sut tnh ca cht lng khi chuyn ng qua my. Do , trong my thy lc th
tch thng dng p sut biu th kh nng ti ca my.
Ct p H v p sut p lin h vi nhau bng cng thc c bn ca thy tnh hc:
H =

: trng lng ring ca cht lng lm vic.

10

Ap sut trong bung lm vic c lin quan n lc tc dng hoc moment quay
ca my.
* i vi my thy lc th tch c chuyn ng tnh tin, p sut lm vic p tc
dng ln piston to nn p lc P:
P = p.F

F: in tch lm vic ca mt piston.

* i vi my thu lc th tch c chuyn ng quay, p sut lm vic p tc dng

ln roto to nn mt moment quay M:
M = kM.p

kM : hng s i vi mt my nht nh ph thuc vo kt cu v kch

thc my, gi l h s moment

H s kM c th suy t cng thc tnh cng sut l thuyt. Nu khng k ti tn

tht, ta c:
N = Nl
Nl = .Ql.H vi

H =

Ta c: Nl = Ql.p
Mt khc: Nl = .M , nn M =
Vi M = kM.p nn k M =

Q1

.p

Q 1 q1 .n q1
=
=
2n 2

kM thc t < kM l thuyt v ph thuc vo hiu sut ..

Moment quay M l trng hp l thuyt (cha k ti tn tht), trong trng
hp k ti tn tht th moment quay ca bm c xc nh theo cng thc sau:
p.Q =.M .

Hay M =

k
Q
.p = m .p
.

2.3.3. Hiu sut va cng sut:

Hiu sut ton phn ca my thy lc xc nh theo cng thc chung:
=C .Q .H

i vi bm th tch, tn tht thy lc tng i nh (v ng nng nh) nn

11

thng cho H = 1 .Do :

=C .Q

Cng sut lm vic ca bm thng c xc nh bng cc thng s thy lc:

N =

.Q.H
p.Q
=

CHNG 3: CAC LOAI BM TH TICH

3.1. Bm pittng (piston)
3.1.1. Khi nim chung v my bm piston
My th tch lm vic theo nguyn l nn cht lng trong 1 th tch kn
di tc dng ca piston (chuyn ng tnh tin ca piston trong xilanh) hay roto
(chuyn ng quay ca roto trong stato). Do b nn nn th nng ca dng chy
thay i cn ng nng th hu nh khng i, do cn gi my th tch l my
thy tnh.
C 3 loi my th tch in hnh l my piston (vt chn c chuyn ng
tnh tin) v my roto (vt chn c chuyn ng quay) v my piston roto (vt
chn c chuyn ng tnh tin nh chuyn ng quay ca khi roto). V nguyn
tc, bt c my th tch no cng c th lm c hai nhim v bm v ng c.
Trong chng ny ta kho st bm piston.

12

3.1.2. Cu tao va nguyn li lam vic cua bm piston:

C
Bo

Co
B

Kho st s 1 bm piston : b phn ch yu l piston 1 tnh tin trong

xilanh 2. Th tch lm vic ca bm l khng gian gii hn bi xilanh, b mt
piston v hp van 5. Khi piston 1 chuyn ng qua tri, th tch bung lm vic
tng ln, p sut trong bung lm vic gim to ra chn khng trong bung lm
vic, van ht 6 m, cht lng theo ng ht 7 c ht vo bung lm vic. Khi
piston chuyn ng sang phi, cht lng b nn, p sut trong bung lm vic
tng, van ht 6 ng li, khi p sut trong bung lm vic thng p sut trong
ng ng y (p sut ph ti) th van y 4 m v cht lng c y ra theo
ng ng y 3.
Piston c dn ng bng ng c in, thng qua c cu tay quay 9 v
thanh truyn 10 bin chuyn ng quay ca trc ng c thnh chuyn ng tnh
tin ca piston.
Cht lng lm vic l nc sch, du khong, yu cu cht lng lm vic l
phi sch, khng c cc ht cng v khe h lm vic gia thnh xilanh v piston l
rt b m bo kn, nhm p ng nhu cu cao ca p sut lm vic, do
cc ht cng s c nguy c gy kt hoc try xt b mt lm vic ca piston,
xilanh.
3.1.3. Phn loi bm piston
a. Phn loi theo phng php dn ng:
- Bm tay: (dn ng bng tay)
- Bm dn ng thng: cn piston ni trc tip vi cn piston ca ng c
13

dn ng.
- Bm dn ng bng c cu tay quay thanh truyn:
b. Phn loi theo kt cu piston:
- Piston dng a: mt bn piston tip xc vi thnh xilanh, lt kn bng cc
segment t trn piston, c piston v lng xilanh u phi c ch to chnh xc.
- Piston dng tr: ng knh piston nh, mt tip xc l piston v c
xilanh, do lng xilanh khng cn ch to vi chnh xc cao. B phn lt kn
l nhng m lt nm trn c xilanh do c th ch to lt kn rt tt.
c. Phn loi theo s ln tc dng
S ln tc dng l s chu k lm vic ca cht lng qua bm trong 1 vng quay
ca tay quay. Ta c cc loi sau:
- Bm piston tc dng n : trong 1 vng quay ca tay quay ch c 1 chu
k lm vic ca cht lng qua bm. Vi loi bm ny cht lng lm vic 1 pha
ca piston.
- Bm piston tc dng kp (bm tc dng 2 chiu):

Trong loi bm ny piston lm vic c 2 pha, ta c 2 bung lm vic A,

B ; hai van ht 1,2 v 2 van y 3,4. Trong 1 chu k lm vic ca bm c 2 qu
trnh ht v 2 qu trnh y cht lng.
Khi piston qua phi, bung A l bung y, bung B l bung ht, khi
piston qua tri th ngc li, th tch bung A tng, thc hin qu trnh ht cht
lng, cn bung B thc hin qu trnh y cht lng, a v b l ng ht chung v
ng y chung. Din tch mt lm vic ca piston l:
14

( D 2 d 2 )
FA =
4
D:

ng knh piston

d:

ng knh cn piston
-

D 2
FB =
4

Bm piston tc dng ba:

y chnh l ba bm tc dng n ghp li, trc ca ba bm c dn ng

bng 1 trc khyu vi gc lch c khuu l 120 o, cht lng c a vo v ra
cc xilanh bng 1 ng ng ht chung v 1 ng ng y chung.
- Bm piston tc dng bn:
L hai bm tc dng kp ghp vi nhau, trc ca hai bm c dn ng bng 1
trc khyu vi gc lch c khuu l 90o, cht lng c a vo v ra cc xilanh
bng 1 ng ng ht chung v 1 ng ng y chung.
d. Phn loi theo p sut lm vic
Da vo p sut lm vic, bm piston c chia ra:
-- Bm p sut thp:

p < 10 at

-- Bm p sut trung bnh: p = (10 20) at

-- Bm p sut cao:

p > 20 at

e. Phn loi theo lu lng

Da vo lu lng, bm piston c chia ra:
-- Bm lu lng nh:

Q < 15 m3/h
15

-- Bm lu lng trung bnh: Q = (15 60) m3/h

-- Bm lu lng ln:

Q > 60 m3/h

3.1.4. u va nhc im cua bm piston

My th tch c u im l to c p sut cao vi lu lng b, mhng
ng thi c cc nhc im sau:
Yu cu cht lng lm vic phi sch.
Dng chy qua ng ht v ng y l khng lin tc, c hin tng dao
ng lu lng v p sut trong my th tch. y l nhc im c bn
cn khc phc trong my th tch ni chung v trong bm piston ni ring.
Hin nay khc phc hin tng dao ng lu lng v p sut ta s
dng bnh iu ha t trn ng ng ht hoc ng ng y.
3.1.5. Cc thng s lm vic trong bm th tch :
Ct p H:
Trong bm th tch, nng lng dng chy trao i vi my ch yu l p nng.
Gi: evo l nng lng n v ca cht lng ti mt ct vo ca bm
era l nng lng n v ca cht lng ti mt ct ra ca bm
Ct p H ca bm c nh ngha:

p ra p vao v 2ra v 2vao

+
H = era - evo = zra - zvao +
(1)

2g
Trong bm th tch thng v1 = v2 ; z1 z2 do :

H=

p ra p vao p p lv
=
=

(2)

Vy ct p ca bm th tch ph thuc vo:

p sut ph ti
Kh nng lt kn ca th tch lm vic, nu lt kn khng tt, di p sut
ln s gy r r ln dn ti mt mt lu lng v ct p.
Cng sut ca bm v bn chi tit phi p ng c yu cu v ct
p.
Nu bung lm vic hon ton kn, nu bm c cng sut v cc chi tit
bn th p sut lm vic ca bm ph thuc hon ton vo yu cu ca
ph ti v c th tng n v cng. Trong thc t, n 1 gi tr no ca
16

ct p, cht lng s hon ton b mt mt do r r, ngha l p sut lm vic

ca bm b gii hn.
Lu lng :
Lu lng ring q ca bm l th tch lm vic ca bm trong 1 chu k (th tch
cht lng vn chuyn qua bm trong 1 chu k).
Gi n l s chu k lm vic ca my (s vng quay) trong 1 pht.
Lu lng l thuyt ca bm th tch c tnh nh sau:

Q lt = q .

n
60

(3)

Lu lng thc t khi tnh n r r:

Q = Qlt - Q
Q l lu lng r r trong bm (t khoang p sut cao n khoang p sut thp)
v lu lng r r ra ngoi bm, Q ph thuc cht lng m lt, cht lng lm
vic v p sut lm vic. Ap sut lm vic cng ln, nht cht lng lm vic
cng nh th lu lng r r cng ln.
Do lu lng ca my th tch dao ng theo thi gian nn ta s kho st 2
loi lu lng :
Lu lng tc thi: xc nh ti 1 thi im
Lu lng trung bnh: xc nh trong 1 khong thi gian lm vic.

Lc :
i vi bm piston, to cho cht lng 1 tng p sut lm vic p th
phi tc dng ln piston 1 lc:

P = F. p

(4)

F:l din tch lm vic ca piston

Cng sut v hiu sut:
Cng sut thy lc: cng sut thc t m bm cung cp cho cht lng

N tl = .Q.H = Q

p lv
= p lv .Q

(5)

Do cc tn tht c kh, tn tht lu lng v tn tht ct p, cng sut phi cung

17

cp trn trc bm l:

N tr =

QH
QH p lv Q
=
=
Q tl ck

:bao gm hiu sut c kh do tn tht c kh gia cc b phn lm vic, hiu sut

lu lng do r r v hiu sut thy lc.
3.1.6. Kh nng t ht ca bm th tch
Bm piston hay bm th tch ni chung u c th t ht c, ngha l c
th t khi ng m khng cn mi bm nh bm ly tm.
Gi s thi im bt u lm vic piston v tr tn cng v pha phi (v
tr A-A). Trong bung lm vic, hp van v ng ht u c khng kh chim ch.
Gi

Vo: th tch khng kh chim ch trong h thng lc piston v tr A-A

F : din tch mt lm vic ca piston
S : hnh trnh ca piston ng vi na vng quay ca tay quay

Khi piston chuyn ng v v tr tn cng pha tri (ng vi 1/2 vng quay ca tay
quay), khng kh s dn n v th tch bung lm vic tng, gi s qu trnh dn
n l qu trnh on nhit, phng trnh c bn ca cht kh cho:
p.v = RT

pa.Vo = p.(Vo+ F.S)

p = pa

chn khng

Vo
< pa
Vo + FS

pa p
pa p
s a cht lng ln 1 on h =
trong ng ht.

Piston tip tc chuyn ng v pha phi, khng kh s b dn vo ng y,

d 2h
.h
4
lng khng kh cn li trong h thng l Vo= Vo Piston chuyn ng v pha tri, lng khng kh V otip tc dn n , p
sut gim v cht lng tip tc dng ln trong ng ht. Qu trnh c tip tc cho
n khi cht lng in y xilanh, khi bm coi nh t mi xong , bt u
lm vic vi cht lng.

3.1.7. Lu lng ca bm piston

18

a. Lu lng trung bnh

Lu lng l thuyt trung bnh c nh ngha theo cng thc (3) :
Qlt = q

n
60

-- Bm tc dng n

qdon = F.S = F.2RT

-- Bm tc dng kp

qkep = (2F - f).S

-- Bm tc dng ba

qba = 3F.S

Trong :
F=

D2
4

: din tch b mt ca piston

f=

d2
4

: din tch cn piston

S = 2RT

: hnh trnh piston

RT

: chiu di tay quay ca c cu tay quay thanh truyn

Do c r r nn lu lng thc trung bnh l:

Q = Q.Qlt
Hiu sut lu lng ph thuc vo ng knh piston:
D < 150 mm

Q = 0,85 0,90

150mm< D < 300 mm

Q = 0,90 0,95

D > 300 mm

Q = 0,95 0,98

Bm piston c c trng bi t s S/D v vn tc tnh tin trung bnh ca

piston, thng thng khi vn tc bm cng cao th S/D cng nh.
Ta c:

S/D = 0,8 2
vtb piston = 0,5 0,9 m/s

b. Lu lng tc thi
Trong 1 vng quay ca tay quay ca bm piston tc dng n, dng cht
lng qua ng ht v ng y l khng lin tc, ch xut hin trong 1/2 chu k.
Ngoi ra, khi c dng cht lng xut hin trong ng ht (hoc trong ng y) th
lu lng dng chy cng khng l hng s m dao ng theo thi gian, chnh v
vy m ta kho st lu lng tc thi tc l lu lng ti tng thi im.
19

Lu lng tc thi tnh ti thi im t ng vi gc quay ca tay quay

c tnh bng tch s ca din tch mt lm vic ca piston vi vn tc chuyn
ng ca piston.
Q = F.vpis
Gi

(7)

: qung ng dch chuyn ca piston ng vi gc quay ca tay

quay
l: chiu di thanh truyn : l >> RT (l > 5 RT)
: gc gia thanh truyn v ng tm xilanh ng vi gc quay
Khi tay quay quay 1 gc th piston chuyn di 1 on x l:

C
B B0

C0

x = BB0 = OB0 - OB = (RT + l) - (RT.cos +l.cos )

Thng rt b nn cos 1

x = RT.(1- cos )
(8)
= RT.(1- cos t)

Vy
(7)

vpis =

dx
= .R T . sin t
dt

2n
D 2
R T sin
Q =
.R T . sin t = F.
60
4

(9)

Kt lun: lu lng tc thi c qui lut dao ng hnh sin

Ti 1 thi im, lu lng tc thi l lu lng ca qu trnh ht hoc lu lng
ca qu trnh y.
= 0o 180o : lu lng trong qu trnh ht
20

 = 90o Qmax= F R T

= 0o , 180o Qmin= 0

2n
60

= 180o 360o , Qhut = 0

= 180o 360o: lu lng trong qu trnh y
c. H s khng u ca lu lng
nh gi mc khng n nh ca lu lng ta a vo 1 h s c
trng cho mc khng u ca lu lng gi l h s khng u:

Q max
Q lt

Ta xt mc khng u ca cc loi bm piston thng qua h s lu lng

khng u:

Q
ht

Bm tc dng n

don =

Q max
Q tb

2n
60 =
=
n
F 2R T
60
F RT

Bm tc dng kp

21

Q
ht

Nu f << F, tc l khng xt n nh hng ca din tch cn piston.

2 =

Q max
Q tb

2n
60 = = 1,57
=
n
2
2 F 2R T
60
FRT

Bm tc dng ba

Gi QA, QB, QC l lu lng tc thi ca 3 bm A,B,C ghp thnh bm tc

dng ba, cc lu lng ny lch pha nhau 120o (2/3) , Ti thi im t ng vi
gc quay ta c:
QA = F.RT..sin
QB = F.RT..sin ( + 120o)
22

QC = F.RT..sin ( + 240o)
Q = QA + QB + QC = F.RT..[sin + sin ( + 120o) + sin ( + 240o)]
Vy lu lng tc thi t cc i khi = /6 , /2 , 5/6 , 7/6 , 3/2 ...
v Qmax= F.RT.
H s khng u ca bm tc dng ba l:

3 =

Q max
Q tb

2n
60 = = 1,047
=
n
3
3 F 2R T
60
F RT

Bm tc dng bn
Gi QA, QC v QB, QD l lu lng tc thi ca 2 bm tc dng kp
ghp thnh bm tc dng bn, cc lu lng ny lch pha nhau 90 o (/2) , Ti
thi im t ng vi gc quay ta c:
QA = F.RT..sin
QB = F.RT..sin ( + 90o)
QC = F.RT..sin ( + 180o)
QD = F.RT..sin ( + 270o)
Q = QA + QB + QC + QD
= F.RT..[sin + sin ( + 90o) + sin ( + 180o) + sin ( + 270o)]
Vy lu lng tc thi t cc i khi = /4 , 3/4 , 5/4 , 7/4
v Qmax= F.RT..sin(/4) = 2.F.R T .
H s khng u ca bm tc dng bn l:
Q
4 = max =
Qtb

2n
60 =
n
4 F 2R T
60
2 F R T

2
= 111
,
4

Nhn xt:
- Qua cc biu lu lng cng nh h s lu lng khng u ta thy
bm tc dng ba c h s khng u l b nht , tc l c lu lng u nht
trong cc loi bm c gii thiu do khng c s trng pha. Trong thc t bm
tc dng 4 thng t c ch to.
23

- Tnh cht dao ng lu lng l nhc im c bn trong my th tch

ni chung v trong bm piston ni ring. Nhc im ny dn n dong chay
trong bm khng n nh do trong cc truyn ng thy lc v cc h thng
iu khin t ng c chnh xc cao, bm piston thng b hn ch s dng.
Vn t ra cho bm th tch l khc phc hin tng dao ng lu lng.
d. iu chnh lu lng ca bm piston
c lu lng bm cung cp ph hp vi yu cu ca ph ti, ta tin hnh
iu chnh lu lng bm. Da vo cng thc tnh lu lng Q = Q.F.2RT.n =
F.S.n ta suy ra cc phng php iu chnh:
- Thay i s vng quay n ca tay quay ngha l thay i s chu k lm vic
ca bm trong 1 n v thi gian. Phng php ny c cc nhc im:
i hi ng c c s vng quay thay i c do rt t tin
hoc phi dng thm b bin tc.
S vng quay n ca bm cn b gii hn v nh hng ca lc qun
tnh do chuyn ng khng n nh ca cht lng trong bm.
- Thay i hnh trnh lm vic ca piston bng cch thay i R T hoc thay
i din tch mt lm vic ca piston (bin php ny kh thc hin v phi c
nhng c cu c bit, rt phc tp)
- Dng tit lu x bt cht lng t bung y v bung ht. Phng
php ny thng c s dng.
3.1.8. Khc phc chuyn ng khng n nh ca cht lng trong h thng
bm piston:
Khi bm piston lm vic, lu lng v p sut trong h thng bm v
ng ng b dao ng gy ra nhiu tc hi lm tng tn tht thy lc, gy chn
ng v nu bm lm vic trong ng ng di c th xut hin va p thy lc
lm hng cc b phn ca bm v h thng. Trong trng hp nhiu bm cng
lm vic trong 1 h thng bin dao ng ca p sut c th tng ln rt ln do
cng hng.
Khi bm lm vic trong h thng truyn ng thy lc, hin tng dao
ng lu lng v p sut cn nh hng xu n cht lng lm vic ca h
thng.
V nhng l do nu trn, cn phi c bin php hn ch tnh cht khng
24

n nh ca dng chy trong bm piston. C 2 bin php sau y:

Bin php 1: Dng bm tc dng kp hoc bm ghp (tc dng ba, tc
dng 4), h s khng u ca lu lng s nh thua ca bm tc dng n rt
nhiu.
Bin php 2 :Dng bnh khng kh iu ha lu lng v p sut trong
h thng (bnh iu ha). l nhng bnh cha kn, c kch thc ln, t trn
ng ng ht hoc ng ng y v ngay st ca vo (ca ra) ca van ht (van
y) .
Bnh iu ha ht:

Nguyn l lm vic ca bnh iu ha ht

ng ngn 1 ni vi ca vo ca van ht v bnh iu ha ht, bnh iu
ha ht ni vi ng ht. chn khng gn nh khng thay i trn mt thong
bnh iu ha ht to dng chy iu ha, khng b dao ng trn ng ng ht.
Khi bm khng lm vic, mc cht lng trong bnh iu ha v tr gia
(trong s hnh 10). Khi bm lm vic mc cht lng dao ng gia 2 v tr
cao nht v thp nht. Th tch khng kh trong bnh dao ng t V min n Vmax,, v
do p sut mt thong trong bnh dao ng t pmax n pmin ( dao ng rt b)
Tnh nng ca bnh iu ha c c trng bi dao ng :

25

p max p min
p tb

p tb =

Vi

p max + p min
2

Khi th tch khng kh trong bnh ln, ngha l tit din bnh kh ln so
vi tit din ng ht th vn tc dng chy trong ng ht xem nh khng i.
Trong tnh ton s b ta c th xem khng kh trong bnh iu ha bin i theo
qu trnh ng nhit, phng trnh trng thi s l:
p.V = const
Vi V l th tch ca lng khng kh c trng lng l hng s cha trong bung
khng kh ca bnh iu ha.
Nh vy ta c:

pmax.Vmin= pmin.Vmax

p min = p max

p max p max
=

p max + p max

Vmin
Vmax

Vmin
Vmax Vmax Vmin
=
Vmin
Vtb
Vmax

Trong thit k c th ly bng 0,02 0,05

Vtb l th tich trung bnh ca khng kh trong bnh iu ha
Hiu s Vmax- Vmin chnh l lng cht lng t bnh iu ha i vo xilanh trong
na u ca 1 vng quay ca tay quay. Trong na vng quay tip theo, 1 lng
cht lng nh th s tip tc tch ly vo bnh.
Vi = 0,02 ta c:
- Bm tc dng n:Vtb=27,5.F piston .S
- Bm tc dng kp: Vtb=10,5.F piston .S
- Bm tc dng n:Vtb=0,45.F piston .S
b) Bnh iu ha y:
Cht lng i t bnh iu ha y vo ng y nh p sut d trn mt
thong ca bnh iu ha. Trong qu trnh y ca bm, mt phn lu lng ca
bm c tch li trong bnh iu ha, mc cht lng dng ln trong bnh iu
26

ha, trong na hnh trnh tip theo ca piston, van y ng, nhng nh c p
sut ln ca khi khng kh b nn trong bnh iu ha nn cht lng c tip tc
y ra ng y. Do kch thc ca bnh ln nn mc cht lng trong bnh dao
ng rt t, nh vy dng cht lng trong ng y lun c iu ha, lc qun
tnh ch xut hin 1 on ngn t bm n bnh iu ha.
bnh iu ha lm vic c tc dng cn phi m bo thng xuyn 1 lng
khng kh cn thit nht nh trong bnh.
3.1.9 Chuyn ng khng n nh ca cht lng trong bm
- p sut trong XL trong qu trnh ht:
Phng trnh Ber vit cho mt thong b ht (mt ct a) v mt ct x st b mt
piston vi mt chun vit phng trnh l mt thong b ht:
2
p a v a2
p xh v p 1 mcx v
+
= Zh + x +
+
+ ds + h whut
2g

2g g mca t

Trong
mcx

l dv
1 v
x dvp
ds = h h +

g mca t
g dt g dt

l ct p qun tnh ca dng chy .

vh , vp : vn tc trn ng ng ht v vn tc ca piston (vn tc

ca cht lng trrong xilanh).
fh , lh : tit din v chiu di ng ng ht
vh f h = v p F vh = v p

Ta c:

F
fh

1 mcx v
1 dv F
ds = p l h + x
T ta c:

g mca t
g dt f h

Lqdh =

F
l chiu di qui dn ng ng ht
fh h

mcx
L qdh + x dvp
1 v
hqt =
ds =

g mca t
g
dt

whut

vi2 m
l i vi2
= hvh + i
+

2g i =1 i di 2g
i =1
n

: tng tn tht trn ton b chiu

di ng ng ht
Vi: - hvh : tn tht cc b ti van ht.
- , : cc h s ma st dc ng v h s tn tht cc b
27

- vi : vn tc ca cht lng trong cc on ng ni tng ng trn ng ht

c ng knh l di, tit din fi, chiu di li.
vi = vp

qdh

F
fi
2

m
F
l F
= i + i i
di fi
i =1
i =1
fi
n

: h s tn tht tng

ng
Nh vy ta c:

whut

= hvh + qdh

v2p
2g

v 2p
L + x dv p
p xh p a
(11)
= ( Zh + x ) + h vh + (1 + qdh ) + qdh

(10)

2g
g
dt
vp = R T sin( t)

Vi

dvp
dt

= R T 2 cos( t)

x = R T ( 1 cos ) cos = 1

x
RT
2

x
sin = 1 cos = 1 1
=
RT
2

x x

RT RT

(12)

T (11), (12)
L qdh + x 2

1+ qdh 2
pxh pa
=
( Z h + x) + hvh +
( R T x)
( 2R T x x 2 ) +

g
2g

Kt lun: p sut trong xilanh thay i theo x c s dao ng p sut trong

xilanh:
- Tai x=0 : bt u hnh trnh, ta c gi tr p sut b nht:

L
p
p xh min p a
=
Z h + h vh + qdh R T 2 > bh

g

- Tai x=2RT : cui hnh trnh, ta c gi tr p sut lm vic trong qu trnh
ht t gi tr ln nht:
L qdh + 2R T

pxhmnx pa
=
( Z h + 2R T ) + hvh
2R T 2

iu kin khng xy ra xm thc l: p xhmin > pbh, cc bin php trnh hin tng
xm thc:
28

- Hn ch chiu cao ht Zh

pa pbh L qdh

R T 2 + hvh + h

Z h max =

L qdh

= H ck
R T 2 + hvh + h
g

Vi h l ct p d tr chng xm thc.
Khi nhit tng th pbh tng, [Hck] gim do chiu cao ht cho php cng gim.
- Gim s vng quay n (gim ):
pa pxh min

Z h hvh

= g

L qdh R T

pa pxh min

Z h hvh

30

n=
g

L qdh R T

khng xy ra xm thc th pxhmin > pbh do s vng quay cho php khng
xy ra xm thc l:

p a p bh
Z h h vh h

[ n h ] = 29
L qdh R T
S vng quay ca bm piston thng hn ch trong khong n=100 300 v/ph
- Gim chiu di qui dn trn ng ng ht L qdh tc l gim chiu di ng
ht, tng ng knh ng ht.
- Gim trng lng van ht gim tn tht qua van ht.

3.1.10. ng c tnh ca bm piston

a. ng c tnh c bn H=f(Q)
T cng thc tnh lu lng ca bm piston ta nhn thy nu b qua tn
tht lu lng th vi 1 bm piston vi kch thc nht nh, lu lng ca bm
ti 1 s vng quay nht nh s l hng s, khng ph thuc vo ct p. Nh vy
ng c tnh l thuyt ca bm piston biu din mi quan h H(Q) ti cc s
vng quay khc nhau l nhng ng thng ng song song vi trc tung.
29

Trong thc t, ti 1 p sut lm vic no s

xut hin tn tht lu lng do r r qua cc khe

h lm vic v qua van v n 1 gi tr p sut
gii hn th lu lng s b mt mt ht do r r.
ng c tnh thc l cc ng nt t, khi
bm lm vic vi s vng quay cng ln th s r
n2>n

r lu lng s xy ra nhanh hn do nh hng

ca cc van ng m khng kp thi.

Nh vy trong thc t, ct p lm vic ca bm b gii hn do hin tng r r

cht lng. Chnh v vy m ct p lm vic ln nht ca bm c xc nh bi
tnh nng lm vic ca cc m lt kn trong bm v trong h thng.
Khi H=const cc thng s thay i nh sau:

Q tng khi n tng v Q=q.n

N=QH do N tng khi Q tng

Q tng khi n tng v Q tng cn H=const nn Q coi nh khng thay i.

Tuy nhin khi n tng qu ln, Q s gim do mt mt qua van v nh hng n

kh nng in y ca bung piston.
3.1.11 ng c thy lc piston
a. Khi nim
ng c thy lc piston hay cn gi l xilanh thy lc l 1 dng ng c
thy lc, c nhim v bin i nng lng cht lng (ch yu l p nng) thnh
c nng.
Cu to ca ng c thy lc piston bao gm piston chuyn ng trong xilanh v
ng dn cht lng vo v ra khi xilanh.
Nguyn l lm vic ca ng c thy lc piston l a vo xilanh 1 dng cht
lng c p, di tc dng ca p sut cht lng, piston s chuyn ng trong
xilanh, to ra chuyn ng ca c cu chp hnh ca truyn ng thy lc.
ng c thy lc piston c 2 loi l xilanh lc v xilanh moment. Xilanh
lc c chuyn ng tng i gia piston vi xilanh l chuyn ng tnh tin
thng, cn xilanh moment th chuyn ng tng i gia piston v xilanh l
chuyn ng quay vi gc quay nh thua 360o.
30

c. Xilanh lc
Phn loi
Xilanh lc c th c cc dng khc nhau ty thuc yu cu chu trnh lm vic ca
my cng tc. Ta c th phn loi xilanh lc da vo 1 s c im:

Theo kt cu:
- Xilanh lc c cn 1 pha
- Xilanh lc c cn 2 pha.
Loi ny c u im l vn tc v lc tc dng khi a cht lng vo 1
trong 2 pha u nh nhau do din tch mt lm vic ca piston c 2 pha u l
F - fcn
Nhc im ca loi ny l kch thc ca my tng do 2 pha u c cn
v cng ngh ch to phc tp d kh m bo ng tm ca lng xilanh v 2 l
cn.
Theo s chiu tc dng:
- Xilanh lc tc dng 1 phi: Cht lng i vo t 1 pha, chuyn ng
ngc li c thc hin nh l xo.
- Xilanh lc tc dng 2 pha: Cht lng tc dng to chuyn ng cho
piston c th i vo t pha ny hoc pha kia ca piston.
Cc tnh ton c bn

Din tch lm vic F ca piston:

i vo xi lanh 1 dng cht lng c p sut p, piston s c tc ng 1 lc l:

P = p.F - Pms Pqt
Trong :
31

: din tch lm vic (chu lc) ca piston

Pms

: lc ma st do piston chuyn ng trong xilanh

Pqt

: lc qun tnh c th cng chiu hoc ngc chiu vi lc ma st

Din tch chu lc ca piston c xc nh ty theo kt cu ca my:

- Khi piston chuyn ng qua phi:
F=

D2
4

- Khi piston chuyn ng qua tri:

( D2 d2 )
F=
4

Nh vy nu cho trc lc yu cu tc ng ln piston P, p sut cht lng cng

tc p, ta c th tnh c din tch lm vic F ca piston.

ng knh cn piston : trong ch to my kch thc piston v cn

thng chn theo tiu chun, t s d/D c th chn theo p sut lm vic p
nh sau:

p(at)

<= 15

15 50

50 100

d/D

0,3 0,35

0,5

0,7

Th tch lm vic ca xilanh lc:

Gi S l hnh trnh ca piston.

V = F.S =

Gi

P + Pms Pqt
p

.S

Vn tc chuyn ng ca piston:
Q : lu lng th tch ca cht lng np vo xilanh
v : vn tc chuyn ng ca piston

Khi khng xt n r r th: v =

Q
F

Vn quan trng l phi xc nh ng gi tr ca F trong tng trng hp. Sau

y ta s xt mt vi xilanh lc c bit.

d. Xi lanh lng
c hnh trnh lm vic ca piston ln (ln hn chiu di kt cu my),
32

ta dng xi lanh lng bao gm nhiu xilanh lng vi nhau qua 1 kt cu chung.
Xi lanh lng gm c piston (1) chuyn ng trong xilanh (2), xilanh (2) cn lm
nhim v piston chuyn ng trong xilanh (3). Cht lng c a vo v ra
xilanh theo 3 ng:
- ng I, II trn xilanh (3)
- ng III trn piston (1)
Xilanh lm vic nh sau:
Dn cht lng vo I, xilanh (2) di chuyn 1 hnh trnh S 2, ng thi cht
lng t bung A i vo bung B lm piston (1) di chuyn 1 on S 1. Nh vy
piston (1) chuyn ng t phi sang tri 1 hnh trnh tng cng l S1 + S2.
c hnh trnh ngc li, dn cht lng ng thi vo II v III, piston (2)
di chuyn 1 hnh trnh S2 v piston (1) di chuyn 1 on S 1. Nh vy piston (1)
chuyn ng t tri sang phi 1 hnh trnh tng cng l S1 + S2.
Loi xilanh ny c chuyn ng t t, iu ha, dng trong cc my cn trc v
bc d hng ha, c th dng cc xilanh lng tc dng kp vi s xilanh l 4 hay
6. Dng cht lng a vo v a ra c th khng ch, iu chnh theo ca
ngi iu khin.

e. e.
e. Xi lanh bc

33

Dng trong trng hp cn nhiu vn tc v lc y khc nhau. Gm c xilanh A

v piston lng vo nhau, xilanh A c bc cn piston B l rng.
Trn xilanh A c 3 ng dn cht lng: 1,2,3
1,2 piston B i t bn phi sang tri
3 piston B i t bn tri sang phi
c c cc vn tc v lc tc dng ln c cu chp hnh khc nhau, ta phn
phi cht lng theo cc ng dn khc nhau:

a cht lng vo ng 1: ta c vn tc ln nht cn lc b nht, din

tch b mt chu lc tc dng ca cht lng l:

d2
4Q
F1 =
v1 =
4
d2

d2
P1 = p
4

Vi p l p sut ca dng cht lng a vo

a cht lng vo ng 2: Khi A ng vai tr xilanh v B l piston

(D2 d2 )
4Q
F2 =
v2 =
4
( D2 d 2 )

(D2 d2 )
P2 = p
4

a cht lng vo c ng 1 v 2: ta c vn tc nh nht cn lc ln

nht.

Cht lng vo ng 1 tc dng ln din tch F1

Cht lng vo ng 2 tc dng ln din tch F2
Tng hp li ta c:

34

 D2
4Q
F12 =
v12 =
4
D2

D2
P12 = p
4

a cht lng vo ng 3: ta c hnh trnh ngc li

( D 2 D12 )
4Q
F3 =
v3 =
4
( D 2 D12 )

( D 2 D12 )
P3 = p
4

f. Hiu sut ca xilanh lc

Cc cng thc tnh ton vn tc lm vic v lc y piston phn trn
c xc nh trong trng hp l tng. Trong thc t, phi xt n tn tht do
ma st c kh v r r lu lng.
Hiu sut c kh: Nu b qua lc qun tnh ca piston th lc tc ng ln
Pthc= P. ck = p.F. ck

piston s l

ck = 0,85 0,97: hiu sut c kh do ma st gia piston v xi lanh, ph

thuc cc yu t: kt cu ca h thng, chnh xc gia cng, p sut lmvic v
vn tc chuyn ng.
Hiu sut lu lng Q: Trong thc t do c r r cht lng nn vn tc
thc ca piston l:

v thc =

Q Q
F

Nu gia piston v xilanh lc c lt kn bng m hay cao su th khe h rt

nh, c th b qua s r r cht lng v do Q=1
Nu lm kn bng cc vng kim loi mm th Q=0,98 0,99
m lt kn c chn nh sau:

S/D < 15 : loi xilanh ngn, c th m bo gia cng chnh xc b mt

xilanh do dng sec mng kim loi

S/D > 15: loi xilanh di, dng vng m mm t iu chnh.

Khi cht lng lm vic l nc hoc c nn l nc th phi lm kn tt hn bng

vng m da ch V hoc ch U.
Khi lm vic khng cho php ti trng ngang tc dng ln piston v d lm hng
vng m, hng mt piston v xilanh, do m hng ca piston phi tht chun
xc.
Nu c ti trng ngang th phi khc phc bng cch tng chiu di ngm l ng
35

trong xilanh, chiu di ngm l chiu di m piston cn nm trong xilanh kh i

piston v tr cui ca hnh trnh.
S < D:

lng > 10%S

S > 10D:

lng > 20%S

Trong thc t do kh nng cng ngh nn S/D khng th ty c m hn ch <

20
Vi xilanh chu ti 2 pha thng S/D < 4 6
3.2 Bm bnh rng
Bm bnh rng l loi rto quay, trong mi cht c bm chuyn dch
trong mt phng thng gc vi tm quay ca thit b (Hnh 5).

Hnh 5- S bm bnh rng

1- bnh rng ch
2- bnh rng b dn
3- v bm
4- rnh gim ti.
Cu to va nguyn l lm vic :
Cu to ca bm c t 2 bnh rng tr ln n khp vi nhau, c th n khp
ngoi hoc n khp trong. S rng thng gp Z = 8 12 rng
S kt cu ca 1 bm bnh rng n gin nht thng c 2 bnh rng nh
hnh v. Bnh rng ch ng 1 gn lin trn trc chnh ca bm n khp vi bnh
rng b ng 2, c 2 bnh rng u t trong v bm 3. Khong trng A gia v bm,
ming ng ht 4 v 2 bnh rng gi l bng ht; khong trng B gia v bm, ming
ng y v 2 bnh rng gi l bng y. Khi bm lm vic bnh rng ch ng quay,
36

ko bnh rng b ng quay theo chiu mi tn (nh hnh v), cht lng cha y
trong cc rnh a gia cc rng ngoi vng n khp c chuyn t bng ht qua bng
y vng theo v bm ( theo chiu chuyn ng ca bnh rng). V th tch cha cht
lng trong bng y gim khi cc rng ca cp bnh rng vo khp, nn cht lng b
chn p v dn vo ng y 5 vi p sut cao. Qu trnh ny gi l qu trnh y ca
bm. ng thi vi qu trnh y th trong bng ht xy ra qu trnh ht nh sau:
khi cc rng ra khp, th tch cha cht lng tng, p sut cht lng gim xung thp
hn p sut trn mt thong ca b ht lm cho cht lng chy qua ng ht 4 vo bm.
Qu trnh ht v y cht lng xy ra ng thi v lin tc.
Nu trong bm khng c khe h th p sut cht lng ch tng khi no n
c chuyn n bng y. Vy p sut do bm to nn ch ph thuc vo p sut
ph ti (p sut trong ng y).
Nhng thc t bao gi cng c khe h:

Gia nh rng vi v bm

Gia mt u bnh rng vi v bm

Gia cc mt rng.
Do cht lng c tng p sut sm hn trc khi n bng y. Chnh cc

khe h gy nn tn tht lu lng trong bm bnh rng (cht lng theo khe h chy
ngc tr v bng ht) hn ch kh nng tng p sut lm vic ca bm. Nu p sut
ph ti cao qu mc th c th lu lng ca bm hon ton b tn tht. V vy,
hn ch p sut lm vic ti a, ngi ta b tr van an ton 6 trn ng y
Bm bnh rng c dng trong cc my thu lc (my p, my nng, cn
cu, my o t,), trong h thng iu khin t ng, trong bi trn cc b
phn chuyn ng ca my. Nng sut ca bm bnh rng vo khong 0,22
58m3/h vi p sut 0,6 2,5MPa (6 25kG/cm2). C th bi trn mi cht vi
nht ng 0,2 100cm2/s v nhit t -40 ti +2500C. Do khng c van ht v
y nn bm bnh rng c th quay vi tc ln (n=700 5000vng/pht) v
c truyn ng trc tip bng ng c. Khi lm vic bm bnh rng lun tip
xc vi du nhn, du thu lc, v vy tui th kh cao. Cc b mt lm vic ca
bm phi c ch to vi chnh xc v lng cao th mi to c p lc
ln v mt mt lu lng.
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3.3. Bm trc vt
Bm trc vt l loi bm rto - quay, trong nh c prfin c bit ca
ren xon vt (rto) m trong khoang ht v khoang y hon ton thng nhau.
Bm trc vt c ch to bng mt, hai, ba v nhiu hn trc vt n khp vi
nhau, trong s c mt trc dn, cn li l trc b dn. Bm trc vt c th t
ng hoc t nm (Hnh 6).

Hnh 6. Mt ct bm c ba trc vt
1- trc vt dn
2- pittng gim ti
3- ng lt gim ti
4- trc vt b dn
5- vng (c tc dng nh trt).
Cn lu rng, trc vt b dn khng sinh cng c ch, v ch dng chn
kn. Trong qu trnh hot ng bnh thng cc trc vt b dn quay c l nh
p lc ca mi cht c bm chuyn.
Bm trc vt c t trong khoang ca thn bm. Khi bm lm vic mi
cht c ht t u ny n u kia ca cc cp trc vt.
Bm ba trc vt c di lu lng t 0,4 n 400m3/h vi p sut n
25MPa (250kG/cm2). Bm ba trc vt dng bm cht lng khng c tp cht l
lng vi nht ng (0,1 60)cm2/s v nhit 1000C.
Bm mt trc vt c nng sut 0,3 60m3/h vi p sut ln nht 0,5 2,5
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MPa (5 25kG/cm2) v dng bm cc dung dch sch v bn (bn, mt, r

ng, hoa qu nghin ln ht, bt nho, vv) k c dung dch ho cht hot
tnh, vi nht ng 1000cm2/s v nhit 800C.
Bm trc vt c s dng nhiu trong cng nghip v c u im c bn
nh sau :

Lu lng iu ha, t dao ng hn lu lng ca cc my thy lc

bnh rng, k c bnh rng nghing.

Hiu sut tng i cao.

Kt cu nh gn, chc chn, lm vic tin cy, khng n.

C th lm vic vi s vng quay ln v p sut cao.

Ngi ta sn xut bm trc vt c s vng quay n = 18000 vg/ph v p =

200 at.

Moment qun tnh nh nht so vi tt c cc loi my thy lc th tch

khc c

cng cng sut. Do my lm vic c nhy cao.

Phm vi s dng rng ri: Q = 3 12000 l/ph ; N = 1 1500 kw

3.4. Bm rto cnh trt

Bm rto cnh trt l loi bm rto quay tnh tin, trong cnh c th l
phng hoc c nh hnh.Trn hnh 7 l s bm cnh trt phng

Hnh 7. S bm rto cnh trt

1- v bm; 2- rto; 3- cnh trt hnh ch nht; 4- rnh u ht; 5- rnh u y.
Trong v bm c rto 2 c b tr lch tm. Nhng cnh trt dch
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chuyn t do trong cc khe ca rto v nh sc ly tm c p vo b mt trong

ca v (c khi cn thm l xo ph c bit). Khoang lm vic I ca bm c lm
kn on A-B- khong cch gia hai cnh trt k nhau. Cc cnh 3 va quay
theo rto 2 va trt trong khe ca rto.
Khi cnh 3 bt u vi v tr A, qu trnh ht bt u, v khi cnh vi v tr
B l bt u qu trnh y. Sau mi vng quay ca rto 3 bm s cp mt sut
nng sut th tch nht nh, v sau n s vng quay th t c nng sut bm
mong mun.
Bm rto cnh trt c ch to vi lu lng t 0,25 n 20 m3/h v p sut t
15 n 100kG/cm2 (15 10MPa).

40