...............................................

Dairy Production
.


Fertility Reproductive efficiency :


.

.
Puberty


.
sexual maturity



.
.
.



A D .

) (


.

 ...............................................




.
:
-1 .
-2 .
-3 .
-4 .
-5 .
-6 .

.
.

:
.

.

.
:
-1
-2
-3
-4
-5 .
-6 .
18
270 250 20 30
. 9 7
12 18 .
:
-1 Number of services per conception :

.
.
2

 ...............................................
1.3
.

.

%

59
1
53
2
48
3
42
4
30
5
-2

-3
-4

-5
-6
-7

Calving interval :
365
395 12-13
.

. -90
110 365

280 DP 85
365
21
386 111 .
428 132 ......

%90.
:

)
(.
Fertilization rate
%96
%77 .
Service period 90-60.
Gilore method

. :

 ...............................................
=

-8 Wilcox
:
:

= ............. = .
-9 Tomar method
=

=
=
=
= 1040

.


:
-1 Age at first conception
-2 Age at first calving
-3 ) ( Service period/postpartum period
-4 Number of service per conception
-5 .
-6 .
-7 .
-8 .
-9 Calving interval
Culling rate
-10

 ...............................................

/

/

%
%
%

24
23
85
1
100
100
100
110

25
125
100
15
60
80
90
100

27
13
115
1.75
55
75
85
92

:
-1 % 90 .
-2 Calving to 1st estrus 60-40
% 70 60

.
st
-3 Calving to 1 mating (service) =60
-4 1.6
.%92
-5 Caving to conception =85
-6 13.
-7 %10

. :
-1
60 42
-2 = %60
30 =

 ...............................................

-3 Services preconception

110-85 .
:
60 first, 30 second, 15 thired .No of cows diagnosed pregnant 55.
?Find service per conception
=105
=55
==105/55X100
-4 Lactation length =300
-5 Abortion Rate = 5%
-6 Dry period =65
-7 Heat per / to heat =21

% Calving rate

:

:
.1
6
.
.2 .
.3
.
.4
.
.5 .

 ...............................................
.6
.
.7 .
.8
.
.9 . )
Precalving BCS

(.
.10 )
( 6-2
.11 .
-1
).
(.
:
:
-1 Uterine involution Uterine involution
-2 Short estrus cycle Short estrus cycle
-3

( Post partum anestrus period (PPI

-4 General Factors
:
20


21
.
:
17-15
%60-40 .

) (.
7

 ...............................................

:

:
-1 Post partum anestrus period
-2 Post partum interval
:
-1 )Minor factors//// /
(
-2 ) Major factors/(
.

Season
:
-

Breed :

.
Age


:
:
.
:
.
:
Suckling

.
:

 ...............................................
.BCS
BCS 1 3
BCS 7-4 .
precalving BCS
BCS 4
Post calving BCS .





BCS .
:



) (.
:
-1 :

.
LH
-2 : /1 :
/2
.
-3 :
.
-4 :
.
-5 :

365:
-1 :
:

 ...............................................
-

:

%86-50
.

: .

-2

-3

-4

-5

-6

10