BO TN V PHT TRIN BN VNG TI NGUYN CY THUC TNH CAO BNG

TSKH. Trn Cng Khnh

Trung tm nghin cu v pht trin cy thuc dn tc c truyn (CREDEP)

Ni dung
i. Thin nhin Vit Nam. ii. Ti nguyn thc vt Vit Nam. iii. Cy thuc Vit Nam ngun ti nguyn ang cn kit. iv. Nguyn nhn lm cho CT b cn kit. v. S phn b cy thuc tnh Cao Bng. vi. Ti nguyn cy thuc ca Cao Bng cng ang cn kit. vii. Mt s kin v bo tn v pht trin bn vng ngun cy thuc tnh Cao Bng.
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1. Thin nhin Vit Nam

Vit Nam c kh hu nhit i & nhit i. Lnh th hp, nhng tri di qua 15 v bc. C thin nhin, kh hu v h sinh thi a dng. 3/4 t lin l i ni (329.566 Km2). Nhiu ni cao: Phansipan (3.143m), Yamphinh (3.096m) v Ngc Linh (2.598m). B bin di 3.260 Km. Lnh hi rng trn 226.000 Km2. Ngun Ti nguyn sinh hc Vit Nam rt phong ph v a dng.
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2. Ti nguyn thc vt Vit

Nam
bit 10.500 loi TV bc cao, nm trong 2.275 chi, 305 h (c tnh c th ti 12.000 loi), ca. 10% s ny l loi c hu. So snh vi h TV th gii, h TV Vit Nam chim: - 4% tng s loi, - 15% tng s chi, - 57% tng s h. Vit Nam c xp th 16 trong s 25 Quc gia c DSH cao nht th gii.

Trong h TVVN, ca. 3.950 loi c dng lm thuc (17% s cy thuc ca th gii), khng k cy thuc dn tc (Ethno-medicinal plants) cn t bit.

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Nhiu loi mi i vi Khoa hc

Thi gian qua, pht hin hng trm loi mi i vi KH. Vd: quyn Trncng
(Rhododendron trancongii G. Argent & K. Rushforth, Ericaceae)
J. of Rhododendrons, Camellias & Magnolias, 102-105, 2010)

Ni pht hin: P C, Mai Chu, Ha Bnh.

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Thng hai l qu nh
Pinus tabuliformis Carriere, Pinaceae
Loi mi Vit Nam

VN hin c 33 loi thng, trong c 32 loi l thng bn a. Pht hin 3/2009, cao 1592m, trn nh ni vi thuc x Thi Phn Tng, huyn ng Vn, HG.
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3. Cy thuc Vit Nam ngun ti nguyn ang cn kit

Vd:

Cy Hong lin chn g

(Coptis quinquesecta W.T.Wang, h Hong lin Ranunculaceae)

Cy thuc Cao Bng, 3. 2012

Cy Sm Vit Nam,
cn gi l

Sm Ngc Linh
(Panax vietnamensis Ha et Grushv., h Nhn sm - Araliaceae)

Cy thuc Cao Bng, 3. 2012

Cy Vng ng
(Coscinium fenestratum (Gaertn.) Colebr., h Tit d Menispermaceae)
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Cy Trm, cn gi l Gi bu
(Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte, h Trm Thymeleaceae).

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4. Nguyn nhn lm cho cy thuc b can kit

Cch khai thc ba bi, thc s dng ca con ngi v s hiu bit cha y v bo tn v pht trin bn vng ngun ti nguyn cy thuc. Coi ngun ti nguyn trn rng, di bin l ca tri cho, ta khng ly th ngi khc cng ly, nn t do khai thc theo kiu tn thu, hy dit, i km vi cch s dng rt lng ph.
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4. Nguyn nhn lm cho cy thuc b can kit

Tnh hnh thi hnh php lnh bo v a dng sinh hc v rng cha nghim, Nhiu khu rng vn b cht ph v khai thc ba bi, Nn lm tc vn honh hnh nhiu ni. Ti nguyn ca rng b mt mt cch phi php, trong c cy thuc.
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Cy Nghin 1000 nm tui Cao Bng

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Cy Nghin 1000 nm tui Cao Bng

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Lm tc n h cy g Nghin

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Bn tht g Nghin

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5. S phn b cy thuc tnh Cao Bng

Vt th: 1969-1973, thng k trn 617 loi cy lm thuc, phn b tt c 13 huyn, th trong tnh. Tuy nhin, mi a phng vn c nhng cy c trng. Phi vt th: C i ng trn 800 lng y, v ng bo cc dn tc thiu s c rt nhiu bi thuc dn gian, nhiu kinh nghim qu trong chm sc sc khe v cha bnh.
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5. S phn b cy thuc tnh Cao Bng

Huyn Bo Lc: H th , Hong tinh. Cc huyn Thng Nng, Nguyn Bnh, H Qung: u, C mt gu, Ch dy, Ba kch, Bnh vi, Hong ng, By l mt hoa, Thanh thin qu, K huyt ng, Thu du ta, Sa nhn, Kim tuyn. Cc huyn Thch An, Ho An: Ct toi b, C bnh vi, Si rng, Ch ng, Sm cau. Cc huyn Trng Khnh, Tr Lnh, H Lang, Qung Uyn: Gio c lam, Kim ngn, trng nam, Kim anh, Cu tch, vv.
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6. Ti nguyn cy thuc ca Cao Bng cng ang cn kit

T 1980 n nay, nhiu cy thuc lin tc b khai thc nh Cu tch, Na rng, Th phc linh, Bnh vi, K huyt ng, Cu l hng, Thanh thin qu, Kim ngn, Hi u tho, Sa nhn, Kim tuyn, vv. Gn y, nhiu cy b khai thc vi khi lng ln nh Si rng, Si , Bng bong. Trong , c nhng cy ch bit tn a phng, hoc tn Trung Quc nh Co my bn, Mn chng cht, Mn my ng, Thau li, vv.
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cy Si rng
Si lng, Si nhn, Cao shan hu ().
(Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, Chloranthaceae)

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Cy thuc chuyn qua ca khu T Lng (18/5/2011)

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Vn chuyn Cy Si rng qua c/k T Lng (18/5/2011) Cy thuc Cao Bng, 3. 2012

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Si (Ficus sp., Moraceae)

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Bng bong
Lygodium flexuosum (L.) Sw., Lygodiaceae

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6. Ti nguyn cy thuc ca Cao Bng ang cn kit

Theo Hi YCB, ti cc ca khu T Lng, Sc Giang, Tr Lnh mi ngy c hng chc tn dc liu cc loi c bn qua bin gii. Mi nm c tnh t nht c khong 300.000 n 500.000 tn dc liu b bn sang Trung Quc. Nu ch tnh trong 20 nm qua, s dc liu b bn qua bin gii t nht cng khong 10 triu tn, vi gi tr kinh t khong vi nghn t ng.
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7. Mt s kin v bo tn v pht trin bn vng ngun cy thuc tnh Cao Bng

(7.1) Mi hot ng khai thc ti nguyn ni chung

& cy thuc ni ring u phi xin php cp qun l a phng, v phi np thu ti nguyn theo quy nh ca Nh nc. (7.2) nh ch ngay vic khai thc cy thuc hoang d cung cp nguyn liu cho nc ngoi, k c sn xut thuc trong nc. (7.3) Nu th trng c nhu cu lu di v mt loi dc liu no th phi t chc trng trt ly nguyn liu, v nn trng theo quy trnh Thc hnh tt trng cy thuc (GAP).
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7. Mt s kin v bo tn v pht trin bn vng ngun cy thuc tnh Cao Bng

(7.4) i vi cy Si rng (cng nh cc cy thuc

khc), cn khn cp bo v ti ch v nghin cu nhn ging pht trin trng trt.

xut d n mi: Nghin cu s dng, bo tn v pht trin cy Si rng (Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai, h Hoa si Chloranthaceae) tnh Cao Bng.
(7.5) i vi nhng cy thuc mi, cn nghin cu s

dng phc v vic chm sc sc kho cho ngi dn, tin ti to ra nhng sn phm thuc c trng, gp phn xa i gim ngho & mang li ngun li kinh t cho tnh.
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7. Mt s kin v bo tn v pht trin bn vng ngun cy thuc tnh Cao Bng

Nn c k hoch iu tra b sung ngun ti nguyn cy thuc tnh CB. Xc nh nhng cy cn u tin bo tn v cy c nhu cu s dng cao nghin cu trng trt v pht trin ngun nguyn liu. (7.7) Thc tin chng minh c nhiu cy thuc dn tc v kinh nghim truyn thng dng cy c a phng chm sc sc kho v cha bnh ca cng ng cc dn tc thiu s nc ta rt qu, c gi tr khoa hc v thc tin cao.
(7.6)

v d:
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Cy Ch dy (Ampelopsis cantoniensis) mt cy thuc ca ngi Ty Cao Bng: Trng H Dc n/c xc minh tc dng & Cty Traphaco SX thuc Ampelop.
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7. Mt s kin v bo tn v pht trin bn vng ngun cy thuc tnh Cao Bng

(7.8) Tp hun v cng tc qun l ti nguyn

thin nhin cho cn b qun l. Tng cng tuyn truyn gio dc v bo tn, khai thc, s dng bn vng cy thuc cho ngi dn.
(ang thc hin)

(7.9) Ngun cy thuc v tri thc y hc bn a

ny cn c iu tra, t liu ha, bo tn v nghin cu s dng, gp phn xa i gim ngho, chm sc sc kho cho cng ng v pht trin kinh t t nc.
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CHC CC BN THNH CNG V CM N CH THEO DI !

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