:

.
.

Nonparametric Methods
.
Recoding

Compute

.
Errors in Data Entry
. .

. .

.


. .
SPSS

. SPSS . :


. . .
.

. .
.
.
.

. .

Descriptive

Frequencies

Frequencies
1 Analyze
2 . Statistics

Descriptive Frequencies

Frequencies
3 education, gender, experience

4 OK

Variable

Testing of Normality

.:
Histogram
Steam and leaf plot

 Box plot

Normal Probability Plot

Detrained Normal Plot

:
Kolmogrov - Simimov
Lilliefors
Shapiro - Wilks
skewness

Kurtosis

Explore
.
:
- 1 Analyze
- 2. Statistics

Descriptive Explore

Explore
- 3 age .

Dependent List

 - 4 . Plots Explore Plots

-5. Histogram Normal plots with

Factor levels together

Box

Plots

- 6. Continue
- 7 . Both

Display

- 8. Options ExploreOption
- 9 Missing value. Exclude
cases pairwise
.

. .

 - 11. Continue OK
- :Histograms

age

17.5.

. 22.5

Steam Leaf Plots and Box plots

Age Stem-and-Leaf Plot
Frequency Stem & Leaf
1.
1.5577799
2.000234
2.555566677889
3.0012
3.6
10.00
)1 case (s

.00
7.00
6.00
12.00
4.00
1.00
Stem width :
Each Leaf:

5577799

median . 17.5 32.5

.

25 75

. *

. .

Normal probability plots and detrended normal plots

.

. .

. .

"
:

"


Kolmogrov-Simirnov and Shapiro-Wilks statistics

. . Lillieffors

0.05
100

Tests of Normality
a

Kolmogorov-Smirnov
Statistic
age

df

.131

Shapiro-Wilk

Sig.
30

.200

Statistic
*

.970

df

Sig.
30

.548

a. Lilliefors Significance Correction

*. This is a lower bound of the true significance.

Skewness and Kurtosis

Descriptives
Statistic

age

Mean

24.1333

95% Confidence Interval for Lower Bound

22.1339

Mean

Upper Bound

24.0556

Median

25.0000

Std. Deviation

.97760

26.1328

5% Trimmed Mean

Variance

Std. Error

28.671
5.35456

Minimum

15.00

Maximum

36.00

Range

21.00

Interquartile Range

8.25

Skewness

.019

.427

Descriptives
Std. Error
.97760

Statistic
24.1333

Mean

22.1339

95% Confidence Interval for Lower Bound

26.1328

age

Mean

Upper Bound

24.0556

5% Trimmed Mean

25.0000

Median
Variance

28.671

Std. Deviation

5.35456
15.00

Minimum

36.00

Maximum

21.00

Range

8.25

Interquartile Range

.427

.019

Skewness

.833

-.581-

Kurtosis

interval Ratio

Trim 5%

5% .

 :
Assessing Normality by Group
age

Explore
. factor list team participant

 Variable Transformation

. .
Compute

- 1 Transform
- 2. Compute Compute Variable
- 3 Target Variable

age1
. - 4 .

Function

LN number .

. - 5 age .

OK - 6

age1 age

. .
:
Descriptives
Statistic
age1

Mean

3.1585

95% Confidence Interval for Lower Bound

3.0721

Mean

Upper Bound

.04227

3.2450

5% Trimmed Mean

3.1621

Median

3.2189

Variance

Std. Error

.054

Std. Deviation

.23153

Minimum

2.71

Maximum

3.58

Range

.88

Interquartile Range

.35

Skewness

-.402-

.427

Kurtosis

-.661-

.833

age1 Stem-and-Leaf Plot

Frequency
2.00
3.00
5.00
1.00
2.00
9.00
3.00
4.00
1.00
Stem width:
Each leaf:

Stem &
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.

Leaf
00
333
44999
9
37
111155599
336
0036
8

.10
1 case(s)

 . .
age

. .

Data Transformation Recode

:
- 1

- 2
- 3

:
- 1 Transform

- 2. Recode Into Different Variables

Recode Into Different Varaiable .

Into Different Variables

- 3 age

. - 4

Input Variable > Output Variable

age2

Into
- 5. Change

Name

Output

 - 6. Old and New Values

Recoding Into Different Variable : Old and New Values
Range .

- 7 . Old Value .
25
. - 8

New Value

. - 9 Add
. - 11

Range .

36
. - 11

New Value

. - 12 Add
. - 13 Continue OK

age2

25=1 : 26=2

- 1 Transform
- 2. Recode Into Same Variables
Recoding Into Same Variables
- 3 Variable List
Salary .

Variables
- 4. Old and New Values
Recoding Into Same Variables: Old and New Value
. - 5 System-or user-missing
. - 6

Old Value

702.7
Salary

New Value

. - 7 Add

. - 8 Continue OK
Salary 702.7

 .
Pairwise Listwise

Pairwise

Listwise .
: Factor analysis .

Compute

Compute

- 1 Transform
- 2. Compute Compute Variables
.
. - 3

. Reset

total

Target

Variable
- 4

salary
Numeric expression

- 5. +
- 6 .

experience

 - 7. OK

Compute Variable
Data Selection
Select Data :
: If
Sample -

Range

If
.

 :
1 Data
2 . Select Cases . Select Cases

Select Case
3

. If condition is satisfied

4 . If Select Cases If
5 age

6 >=
7

20

8 . Continue OK

 Sort Data
.

. .

. .

. . .

. .

:
. -

.
.

 . .
:
Smoking
Y
Y
N
N
Y
.

Income
500
300
100
150
200

Gender
M
F
M
F
M

ID
1
2
3
4
5

:
Smoking
Y
N
Y
Y
N

Income
300
150
500
200
100

Gender
F
F
M
M
M

. gender

ID
1
2
3
4
5

Key Variable

Income SPSS

: gender .

gender

. . Income :

Smoking
N
Y

Income
150
300

Gender
F
F

ID
1
2

N
Y
Y

M
M
M

100
200
500

3
4
5

. .

. .

SPSS. .

:
- 1 Data
- 2. Sort Cases Sort Cases

. - 3

Gender

Sort By
. - 4 .

Order

Sort

Ascending Descending

Ascending

. - 5 OK

Merge Files
.

. . .

. .

. .

:
- :Add New Variables
:

SPSS

 :
. : 30 EX41
. :
Smoking
Y
N
Y
Y
N

Income
300
150
500
200
100

ID
1
2
3
4
5

Gender
F
F
M
M
M

:
Educatio
n
Y
Y
Y
Y
N

Child
3
2
0
4
1

Education

Y
Y
Y
Y
N

ID
1
2
3
4
5

3
2
0
4
1

Income Smoking Child

Y
N
Y
Y
N

300
150
500
200
100

Gender

ID

F
F
M
M
M

1
2
3
4
5


SPSS:
EX41
- 1
- 2 Data Merge

- 3. Add Variables

. .

- 4 File

Open

EX42 Add Variables :

- 5 .

. Excluded Variables

New Working Data File

- 6. OK

EX421

Untitled

 - :Add Cases
.
EX421

- 1

- 2 .
.

. . .

EX43

:
Education

Y
N
Y

Gende Income Smoking Child

r
M
350
Y
3

1
4

Y
N

Education

Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y

250
400

Income Smoking Child

3
2
0
4
1
3
1
4

Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N

300
150
500
200
100
350
250
400

M
F

ID

1
2
3
:

Gender

ID

F
F
M
M
M
M
M
F

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8


. - 1

SPSS :

EX421

- 2 Data Merge Files. Add

Cases

. Open File

EX43. Add Cases

- 3

Add

Cases: Open File

- 4. OK
- 5

Transpose File
. .

. .

String, Numeric, Data, etc .

.

 :
.

. :
Y
30
50
60

X
10
20
30

ID
1
2
3

. - 1

SPSS :

- 2 . Data Transpose

.

. - 3 Variables
. - 4 OK

:
- 1

VAR001. VAR002. VAR003

-2 .
.

-3

. .

Aggregate
. .

. EX421 . .

.
SPSS

Aggregate Date :

- 1 .
Break Variable s
- 2.
Aggregate Variable s
Income

- 3
- 4. Function

Income

Data

Aggregate : Aggregate Function

.

- 5. Continue
- 6 .

 - 7

Aggr.Sav

- 8

- 9

- 11. OK
. - 11 . .

AGGR :

- 12 .

.
Split Files
.
.

. .

SPSS

. .

. .

.
. . .

. . . .

. .
. . :

Education

Income Smoking Child

Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y

Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N

3
2
0
4
1
3
1
4

300
150
500
200
100
350
250
400

Gender

ID

F
F
M
M
M
M
M
F

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8

. . .
.

.
.

. SPSS :

- 1 Data. Split File

Split File :
- 2

- 3 . .

Analyze cases,

do not create groups

- 4 . Compare Groups
-5

groups

Analyze output by

3 2

. . . Gender . Grouped Based on

-. :

Sort

the file by grouping variables .

is already sorted

File

. OK -

. .
.

:
- 1

. - 2

. .

.
. .

Split

File. Reset . Analyze all

cases, do not create groups

 Weight Cases
. . .
.

Weight

X F

:
Sum
30

3
7

1
10

2
8

0
5

X
F

. . .

X SPSS X

. SPSS

Weight .
F :
- 1. Weight Data
Weight Cases :
. - 2

Do not weight cases

- 3. Weight cases by Frequency Variable

. . .

Continue