THE PROFESSIONAL DIAMOND DRILLER

The information contained in this booklet provides the reader with suggestions and guidelines for dealing with a number of hypothetical situations. ATLAS COPCO ACCEPTS NO
RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGES, CONSEQUENTIAL OR OTHERWISE, RESULTING FROM APPLICATION OF SUCH GUIDELINES AND SUGGESTIONS. The reader is

COMMITMENT
Mining is the foundation of industry and exploration drilling is the foundation of mining. History owes a great debt to the men and women who have gone into remote places and worked under difficult conditions to look into the earth and find the minerals to sustain industries and build nations. Atlas Copco salutes you, and makes a pledge to Professional Diamond Drillers the world over, to seek your advice and to hear your opinions. We will use our considerable resources to provide you with products and services that enhance your safety, ease your work load and increase your rewards. Several of your old and trusted suppliers such as Craelius, JKS Boyles, Christensen and Hobic are now part of the Atlas Copco Group, making us a major supplier to the exploration industry. By consolidating the talents and knowledge of these smaller companies into a single dynamic unit, we have the resources to provide better products and service than they could have on their own.

strongly encouraged to contact an authorized Atlas Copco representative to obtain guidance in dealing with specific real situations. Contact us at one of the locations listed on the back pages of this book or look us up on the internet at www.atlascopco.com or e-mail us at info@atlascopcoexploration.com.

Place local company address sticker here

Atlas Copco Exploration Products A Company within the Atlas Copco Group 640 McKeown Avenue North Bay Ontario Canada P1B 8H2 Telephone + 1(705) 472 3320 Fax +1(705) 472 6843

Atlas Copco will be there to support your endeavors in both familiar and remote places. We will share in your challenges and celebrate your triumphs. We will be your supplier and partner. Atlas Copco

CONTENTS
SECTION 1 Choosing a bit SECTION 2 Drill settings SECTION 3 Drilling tips SECTION 4 Sharpening a bit SECTION 5 Bit wear patterns SECTION 6 Nominal core sizes SECTION 7 Rods and casing SECTION 8 Atlas Copco products SECTION 9 Conversion tables SECTION 10 Phone numbers

SAFETY
AN ACCIDENT IS AN UNPLANNED EVENT CAUSED BY AN UNSAFE ACT OR CONDITION.

Most accidents can be prevented through:

Proper training. Proper supervision. Correct use of tools and equipment. Safe working practices.

Some safety rules: Wear well fitting protective clothing. Wear your hard hat, eye protection and safety boots. Use your safety belt and life line. Dont wear rings and jewelry at work. Use the right tool for the job and use it correctly. Dont try to repair moving machinery. Store your tools properly. Dont rush. Keep your work place neat and safe. Lift heavy objects properly. Know and respect fire hazards. Check wire rope and other equipment regularly. Replace worn equipment. Know your equipment. Study the operation manuals and follow the suppliers safety recommendations.

OBTAIN A COPY OF THE SAFETY MANUAL FOR DIAMOND DRILLERS AND STUDY IT.

2 | 3

THE PROFESSIONAL DIAMOND DRILLER

INTRODUCTION
Successful exploration drilling results from a clear understanding and cooperation between two professionals, the Diamond Driller and the Geologist. Drilling operations are controlled by geologists but they lack the knowledge and experience to optimize the operation of the drill. The Professional Diamond Driller should not hesitate to share his knowledge to improve the operation.

IMPREGNATED BITS
DRILL BITS
To accommodate these geological conditions, bit manufacturers have created a bewildering array of products and numbering systems that make it difficult to match bits to rock types. The Atlas Copco system of numbering diamond bits has been developed to simplify the process. In this booklet common rock formations have been grouped into five categories based on the similarity of their drillability. The most coarse grained, fractured and abrasive formations are classified as the first group. The correct bit for drilling these rock types would be from Hobic-Craelius Group 100. The correct bit for the fifth group, which includes competent, fine grained non-abrasive formations, would be from Hobic-Craelius Group 500 etc. Coarser grained, fractured rock requires a slower wearing matrix or lower Group number as it tends to wear the matrix more quickly. Fine grained, competent rock requires a softer matrix or higher group number to fully utilize the diamonds.

ROCK FORMATIONS
The geological classifications of rock types are based on chemistry and structure. The hardness classification is a relative scale. So called soft rocks can prove more difficult to drill than hard rock and the same formations, in separate locations, can drill very differently. A specific rock type can change drastically, even in the same drill hole, requiring another choice of drill bit. Each rock type must be considered as a range with a number of variables affecting its drillability. The factors most affecting the drillability of rock are: grain size, rock hardness, weathering and fracturing. Larger grain size and fracturing make the rock more abrasive, while fine grained, hard rock is less abrasive. Weathering reduces rock strength.

4 | 5

BIT SELECTION
Professional Diamond Drillers have chosen and depended on both Hobic and Craelius bits for many years and are familiar with the numbering systems used. Atlas Copco will continue to use those numbering systems by including them in the new groups, as seen on the following pages.
WHEN CHOOSING A BIT THE FOLLOWING CROWN DESIGN FEATURES ARE CONSIDERED.

BIT SELECTION

MATRIX - The matrix is a mixture of synthetic

diamonds and various metals. Each of the matrices has a different resistance to abrasion and consequently a different rate of wear. A balanced rate of wear between the matrix material and the diamonds ensures a high rate of penetration and optimum bit life.

GAUGE - This refers to the outer and inner diameters of the bit that are in direct contact with the rock. These can be reinforced if required. WATERWAYS - There are different waterway
configurations available depending on the drilling conditions.

CROWN HEIGHT - Craelius bits are manufactured

with standard crown heights of 6, 9 and12 mm and Hobic with 6, 8 and10mm. Other crown heights are available on request. The height of crown chosen is a cost decision based on hole depth and wear rate.

6 | 7

BIT SELECTION

BIT SELECTION

See the list contained in the pocket of the back page for detailed information for ordering drill bits, reaming shells and casing shoes and contact our Customer Service Reps for help in making the correct choice.

See the back pages for the Atlas Copco Company nearest you.

8 | 9

INITIAL DRILL SETTINGS

Having chosen the right bit for the rock type and conditions, based on the information at hand, the correct drill settings must be used to get the best performance. The bit label has recommendations printed on it and these are a useful guide to begin drilling. However, it is likely that some adjustments to these values will be required to get optimum performance from the bit.

PERFORMANCE
BIT PERFORMANCE
Sharp diamonds cut rock, as they become dull they do so less effectively. The bit matrix should wear at a rate that continually exposes sharp diamonds and releases the worn ones. Flushing fluid should be pumped across the bit at a rate that removes each tiny rock chip as it is loosened by the diamonds. Failure to do this results in the chip being reground, and the ROP and bit life are adversely affected. The WOB is required to make the diamonds bite into the rock. The RPM determines the rate at which the chips are being gouged from the rock. Through his knowledge and experience the Professional Diamond Driller balances all these parameters to achieve the best economic performance from the drill and drilling tools. While the manufacturer does his best to make drill setting recommendations, he cannot know what rock type or conditions the bit will eventually be used in. Other factors affecting drill settings are:

READING THE BIT LABEL

Bit O.D. Matrix Formation RPM Penetration Rate Water Flow S KS++ Hard Very Hard 400 - 600 8 - 12 cm/min (3-5 in/min) Minimum 60 l/min (15.9 gpm)

RPM - The RPM is given as a fairly broad range. A number in the middle of the range should be used when starting and adjusted as required. ROP - Again this is given as a range and will have to be adjusted as the WOB and RPM are varied. GPM - The water flow is given as a minimum and the actual pump setting should be well above this. WOB - The weight on bit given is the maximum
advisable. The initial drill setting should be below this.

The size and power of the diamond drill. The type and size of the core barrel used. The flushing media.

Atlas Copco has world wide experience and specially trained representatives to assist you.

10 | 11

ROP
The rate of penetration is the key parameter when drilling with impregnated bits. Finding the optimum ROP for a given Rock Type, rock condition, bit and model of diamond drill is the goal of the Professional Diamond Driller. Once found, this ideal ROP is maintained by adjusting the WOB and RPM. A high water flow across the bit face should always be maintained at high rates of penetration. Optimum ROP ensures: The best overall economy of the operation. The least work and highest rewards for the drill crew. That the bit remains sharp and does not polish. The best bit life.

WOB
The weight placed on the bit depends on the Rock Type and condition, bit type, RPM, ROP and water flow. The WOB is a very important indicator of the actual drilling conditions. Excessive WOB can result in:

Abnormal bit wear. Hole deviation. Core barrel and rod damage.

Too little WOB will also result in a loss of productivity as the bit will lose its ability to self-sharpen and could become polished (see the page on bit sharpening). Try to maintain a constant penetration rate by increasing the WOB if the ROP falls.

Use the recommended ROP on the bit label as a starting point and then vary the WOB and RPM in small increments until the optimum ROP is found.

ALERT!
An excessive ROP will result in a high rate of matrix wear and diamonds will be expelled while they are still sharp. In this case any gain in ROP may be offset by more frequent bit changes, more work for the drill crew and an overall reduction in the economy of the operation.

ALERT!
The maximum permitted WOB shown on the bit label is based on the structural integrity of the bit and may result in damage to the rods and core barrel if exceeded. Excessive WOB can also lead to hole deviation.

12 | 13

RPM
Rotation of the drill bit causes the diamonds to tear chips from the rock. Therefore, generally speaking, the more rotations per minute the higher the ROP. The rotation speed also serves to work the matrix to achieve a constant rate of exposure of new sharp diamonds and release of the worn ones.

FLUSHING
Drilling performance is directly related to the fluid flow over the bit. Water flushing fills the following functions.

Removal of cuttings. Cooling the bit. Lubricating the bit and rods.

Annular fluid velocity must be sufficient to keep the cuttings suspended. Annular velocity can be calculated using the chart below.

ALERT!
Excessive RPM without matching penetration rate can result in polishing the bit and negatively affect the overall drilling economy.

14 | 15

RPI / RPC 2
Revolutions per inch (or centimeter) of advance has been used in the past as an index to maintain the correct relationship between RPM and ROP, eg for a rotation speed of 1200 RPM and a penetration rate of 6 in (15 cm) per minute:

VIBRATION
Excessive drill rod vibrations result in: Impact loads on the bit resulting in early failure. Loss of core. Stress fatigue and premature failure of drill rods and core barrel. Higher fuel costs. Premature machine failure.

RPI = 1200/6 = 200 RPC= 1200/15=80

The common recommendation of 200 - 250 RPI (80 100 RPC) can only be considered as a starting point: in modern drilling practices much higher penetration rates are often expected for a given rotation speed, resulting in a lower RPI value. Atlas Copco bits have been developed to accommodate these conditions.

Excessive vibration can be the result of:

Misaligned in-the-hole equipment. Undersize, worn, bent or oval rods. Vibration induced from the chuck or drill head. Incorrect pressure and volume of fluid. Loose rods not properly torqued. Drilling over core. Incorrect bit. Improper use of rod grease.

Some vibration is inevitable in rotating equipment. It can become excessive and destructive when a number of factors such as RPM, WOB, rock type, bit type, etc are accidently combined in proportions that set up large vibrations. After eliminating any cause related to the above list, The Professional Diamond Driller can usually find a combination of WOB and RPM that eliminates the excessive vibration and gives a good ROP.

16 | 17

DRILLING TIPS
ALWAYS
Treat diamond bits with care and store properly. Start fluid circulation before running the bit to bottom. Start a new bit several centimeters above bottom and spin into the formation. Do not go to full ROP until you have drilled 10-20 centimeters (4-8inches). Check all rod joints for leaks. Check the rods and core barrel for alignment. Keep the inside of rods and core barrel free from scale and dirt. Make sure the reaming shell is within gauge and out lasts the bit. Call Atlas Copco when you need assistance. Numbers on back pages.

SHARPENING A BIT
Impregnated bits are self sharpening. As the matrix wears away new sharp diamonds are exposed at a constant rate. However sometimes the diamonds on the face of the bit can become worn without the matrix abrading away. The bit will stop cutting. Generally this occurs when:

The drill settings do not suit the conditions. The bit does not suit the rock.
4

This often results from rapid formation change. The bit can be sharpened in the hole and drilling continued but this a tricky operation and may consume a lot of matrix. To sharpen the bit increase the WOB by 15 to 20 percent momentarily at the same time reducing the water flow to near the minimum indicated on the bit label. When the bit begins to cut, immediately lower the WOB and increase the water flow. Try different drill settings than used previously to prevent reoccurrence of the problem.

NEVER

Drop the bit onto the hole bottom. Start the bit turning with weight on it. Collar a hole with a new bit. Contact the bit matrix with a pipe wrench. Grind the core. Allow vibration to occur. Force the bit, if it will not drill with normal pressure.

18 | 19

THE RIGHT CHOICE

OPTIMUM BIT WEAR

WHAT WENT WRONG?

ANALYSIS
Bit feels sharp to the touch Good comet tails The wear is even OD and ID within gauge

MATRIX EROSION

ANALYSIS
Very rough to the touch Rapid crown wear Diamonds overexposed Gauges eroded

WHY? POSSIBLE REASONS

5

WHY? POSSIBLE REASONS

Rock related: Formation may have changed and is too coarse grained, fractured or abrasive for the bit used. Drilling related: The fluid volume or solids content may be too high. Excessive ROP is causing a high rate of matrix wear and premature diamond release. Bit related: Matrix too fast wearing (soft), or waterway design unsuitable.
5

Rock related: This bit was well suited to the rock formation and conditions. Drilling related: Drill settings and flushing provided optimum drilling. Bit related: The diamond and matrix wear are balanced to provide optimum performance.

WHAT TO DO? POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Drilling related: Continue to use the same drill settings unless the conditions change. Bit related: Continue to drill with this bit type unless the rock formation and conditions change. Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

WHAT TO DO? POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Drilling related: Improve drilling fluid control. Bit related: Change bit to slower wearing matrix or different waterway design. Reduce ROP if optimum bit life is to be achieved. Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

ALERT! Continue to watch for changes in the rock

conditions and the performance of the drill.
20 | 21

ALERT! Advance carefully when reentering the

hole if there has been a lot of gauge wear.

WHAT WENT WRONG?

POLISHED CROWN

WHAT WENT WRONG?

CONCAVE FACE WEAR

FAILURE ANALYSIS
Smooth to the touch Matrix smeared, glazed appearance No comet tails Waterways restricted

FAILURE ANALYSIS
Bit wear uneven Face wear angled to ID Diamonds poorly supported ID gauge loss

WHY? POSSIBLE REASONS

5

WHY? POSSIBLE REASONS

Rock related: Formation may have changed to a coarser grained, abrasive or fractured rock type. Drilling related: The solids content of the drilling fluid may be too high. May be core grinding. Rpm too low or ROP too high. Bit related: Matrix too soft or unsuitable waterway design.
5

Rock related: Formation has changed to harder, fine grained and less abrasive conditions. Drilling related: ROP may be too low for the rpm used or flushing inadequate. Bit related: Matrix may be too slow wearing (hard) or waterway design unsuitable.

WHAT TO DO? POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Drilling related: Increase ROP or decrease the rpm. Bit related: Strip or dress the bit before starting to drill. Try a bit with a softer matrix or different waterway design if the problem persists.

WHAT TO DO? POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Drilling related: Lower solids in the drill fluid. Check the pump and drills string for leaks, increase pump output. Check and adjust length of the inner tube. Increase rpm. Bit related: Try harder matrix bit or one with a different waterway configuration. Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

ALERT! Watch the pump pressure and ROP

carefully when starting to drill.

ALERT! Continued drilling with concave face wear

will cause the bit ID to ring-out.

22 | 23

WHAT WENT WRONG?

CONVEX FACE WEAR

WHAT WENT WRONG?

BURNT BIT

FAILURE ANALYSIS
Outer edge of the face rounded OD gauge wear

FAILURE ANALYSIS
Blackened areas Smeared or broken out matrix Closed waterways

WHY? POSSIBLE REASONS

5

WHY? POSSIBLE REASONS

Rock related: Formation may have changed to very fractured rock. Drilling related: Poor bit cooling, pump failure, low flushing water, leaking drill string, plugged bit or lost circulation. Bit related: Problem not likely bit related.
5

Rock related: Fractured formation. Drilling related: Poor core barrel stabilization or rod vibration, insufficient fluid flow. Reaming down undersize hole. Bit related: Probably not bit related. Reaming shell may be worn and undersize.

WHAT TO DO? POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Drilling related: Check for vibration, stabilize rods and core barrel, try a different rpm. Check the stability of the drill. Check the pump and drill string for leaks, increase pump output. Bit related: Change the reaming shell. Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

WHAT TO DO? POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS

Drilling related: Check the pump and drill string for leaks. Check the inner tube adjustment. Check the fluid circulation. Cement the hole. Bit related: No change required if the bit is suited to the formation. Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

ALERT! Continued drilling with concave face wear

will cause the bit OD to ring-out.

ALERT! Be very careful when restarting to drill. Watch

for pump pressure cut-off, loss of ROP, loss of circulation.

24 | 25

NOMINAL HOLE & CORE SIZES

NOMINAL HOLE & CORE SIZES

26 | 27

NOMINAL HOLE & CORE SIZES

WIRELINE DRILL RODS

WIRELINE RODS - STANDARD
SIZE OD
(MM)

ID
(MM)

WEIGHT
KG/3M

CONTENT
(L/100M)

AO BO NO HO

44.5 55.6 69.9 88.9

34.9 46.0 60.3 77.8

13.9 17.9 22.9 34.2

96.0 166.0 286.0 477.0

Note:"O" series rods are compatible with "Q" series rods

WIRELINE RODS - HEAVY DUTY

SIZE OD
(MM)

ID
(MM)

WEIGHT
KG/3M

CONTENT
(L/100M)

AT BT NT HT

44.5 55.6 69.9 88.9

34.9 46.0 60.3 77.8

13.9 17.9 22.9 34.2

96.0 166.0 286.0 477.0

7

WIRELINE RODS - THIN WALL

SIZE OD
(MM)

ID
(MM)

WEIGHT
KG/3M

CONTENT
(L/100M)

ATT BTT

44.5 56.5

36.8 48.8

11.8 15.3

106.0 189.0

28 | 29

DRILL RODS & CASING

CONVENTIONAL RODS
SIZE OD
(MM)

ATLAS COPCO EXPLORATION PRODUCTS

Atlas Copco manufactures and supplies a full range of exploration drilling equipment from more than 20 locations around the world.

ID
(MM)

WEIGHT
KG/3M

CONTENT
(L/100M)

AWJ BWJ NWJ

44.5 54.0 66.7

34.9 46.0 60.3

14.3 18.4 24.4

75.0 155.0 256.0

DIAMOND DRILLS
Boyles surface drills are available in light duty (fly-in), medium duty and deep hole models. Diamec underground drills are also available for three duty ranges.

FLUSH JOINT CASING

SIZE OD
(MM)

ID
(MM)

WEIGHT
KG/3M

CONTENT
(L/100M)

AW BW NW HW PW

57.1 73.0 88.9 114.3 139.7

48.4 60.3 76.2 101.6 127.0

16.9 31.2 38.8 50.8 64.3

184.0 285.0 456.0 811.0 1267.0

DRILL RODS
Atlas Copco offers all popular sizes of drill rod including the revolutionary wireline Tuff rod.

CORE BARRELS
Atlas Copco supplies a full range of both conventional and wireline core barrels. Contact Atlas Copco at one of the locations shown in the back of this book or visit our web-site for more information www.atlascopco.com.

30 | 31

SURFACE SET BITS

Atlas Copco produces a full line of Surface Set Bits for use in very soft, soft and medium hard rock conditions. Surface set bits are available in a number of profiles for different rock types and conditions.

PDC/TSP BITS
Atlas Copco produces a full range of PDC (Polycrystalline Diamond Compact) and TSP (Thermally Stable Polycrystalline) bits. These bits are a high performance alternative to TC and surface set bits for soft to medium-hard formations.

SEMI-ROUND PROFILE

MULTI STEP PROFILE

Standard profile for thin kerf bits

Higher penetration rate than semi-round

DIAPAX

TRIPAX

Diapax bits have PDC elements set with a large exposure, resulting in very high rates of penetration in soft formations.

Tripax bits are set with TSP cutting elements, which are capable of productively handling soft to medium hard formations.

FACE DICHARGE PROFILE 8

CONCAVE PROFILE

For soft formations

Only in non-coring bits

See Atlas Copco bit catalogue for detailed information for ordering drill bits or contact our customer service desk for help in making the correct choice. Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

32 | 33

REAMING SHELLS
Atlas Copco produces a range of reaming shells in diamond impregnated, surface set and tungsten carbide styles. Reaming shells are essential for maintaining proper hole size and stabilizing the core barrel.
SURFACE SET REAMING SHELLS

CASING SHOES
Atlas Copco supplies impregnated and surface set casing shoes.

Standard Atlas Copco surface set reaming shells are set with specially chosen diamonds. The spiral ribs are both longer lasting and provide better stabilization.

IMPREGNATED CASING SHOES

SURFACE SET CASING SHOES

TUNGSTEN CARBIDE REAMING SHELLS

TC reaming shells are used mainly in non-consolidated formations where they will perform more economically than surface set shells.

These are the most commonly used economical shoes and are available in all popular sizes.

These shoes are an alternative to the impregnated style and are available in most sizes.

See Atlas Copco catalogue for detailed information for ordering reaming shells or contact our customer service desk for help in making the correct choice. Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

See Atlas Copco catalogue for detailed information for ordering casing shoes or contact our customer service desk for help in making the correct choice. Call Atlas Copco. Numbers on back pages.

34 | 35

CONVERSION TABLES
THIS UNIT
LENGTH

CONVERSION TABLES
TIMES EQUALS
= m = m = m = m = mm = m = m = m

THIS UNIT
VOLUME

TIMES
x x x x x x x x x x x x x x 0.001 0.001 1.0 1.0 0.001 16.39 28.316 4.546 3.785 28.41 29.57 0.4732 0.9463 0.7646

EQUALS
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = m3 l l ml ml ml l l l ml ml l l m3

mm (millimeters) cm (centimeters) dm (decimeters) km (kilometers) in (inches) ft (feet) yd (yard) miles

x x x x x x x x

0.001 0.01 0.1 1000 25.4 0.305 0.914 1609

THIS UNIT
AREA

TIMES
x x x x x x x

EQUALS
= m2 = m2 = mm2 = m2 = m2 = m2 = km2

mm2 (square mm) cm2 (square cm) in2 (square inches) ft2 (square feet) yd2 (square yards) Acres Square miles

0.000001 0.0001 645 0.929 0.8361 4047 2.590

l (liters) ml (milliliters) dm3 (cubic decimeters) cm3 (cubic centimeters) mm3 (cubic millimeters) in3 (cubic inches) ft3 (cubic feet) Imperial gallon U.S. gallon Ounces (Imp. fluid oz) Ounces (U.S. fluid oz) Pints (U.S. liq) Quarts (U.S. liq) yd3 (cubic yards)

THIS UNIT
MASS (WEIGHT)

TIMES
x x x x x x x x 0.001 1000 0.0648 28.35 0.4536 1016 1016 907

EQUALS
= = = = = = = = kg kg g g kg kg kg kg

g (grams) t (tonnes, metric) grains oz (ounce) lb (pounds) tons (long, US) tons (U.K.) tons (short)

36 | 37

CONVERSION TABLES
THIS UNIT
POWER

CONVERSION TABLES
TIMES EQUALS
= = = = = W W W W W

THIS UNIT
PRESSURE

TIMES
x 100 x 100 000 x 0.98 x 1.01 x 6.895 x 0.06895

EQUALS
= = = = = = kPa Pa bar bar kPa bar

kW (kilowatts) Horsepower, metric Horsepower, U.K. ft.lbf/sec Btu/h

x x x x x

1000 735.5 745.7 1.36 0.29

bar bar kp/cm2 atm (atmospheres) psi (pounds/in2) psi

THIS UNIT
SPEED

TIMES
x x x x x x x 0.2777 3.6 0.45 1.61 0.3048 18.29 0.3048

EQUALS THIS UNIT

= m/s = km/h = m/s = km/h = m/s = ft/min = m/min
FORCE

TIMES
x x x x 1000 9.81 9.81 4.45

EQUALS
= = = = N N N N

km/h (kilometers/hour) m/s mph (miles/hour) mph ft/s (foot/second) ft/s (foot/second) ft/min (foot/minute)

kN (kilonewton) kp (kilopond) kgf (kilogram force) lbf (pound force)

THIS UNIT
TORQUE

TIMES
9.81 0.11 1.36

EQUALS
= Nm = Nm = Nm
9

THIS UNIT
FREQUENCY

TIMES
x x x x x 0.017 1000 0.01667 0.1667 0.1592

EQUALS
= Hz = Hz = r/s = r/min = r/s

blows/minute kHz (kiloHertz) r/min (rev./minute) degrees/second radians/second

kpm (kilopondmetres) x lbf in (pound force inch) x lbf ft (pound force foot) x

38 | 39

ATLAS COPCO LOCATIONS

AUSTRIA
Atlas Copco GmbH CMT Csokorgasse 11, Wien 11 Tel +43(0) 176 0120 Fax +43 (0)1 769 5672

ATLAS COPCO LOCATIONS

FINLAND
Atlas Copco Louhintatekniikka AB Tuupakankuja 1, FIN-01740 Vantaa Tel +358 (0) 9 296 442 Fax +358 (0) 9 296 4218

AUSTRALIA
Atlas Copco Construction & Mining Australia P.O. Box 6134, Delivery Centre, Blacktown, NSW 2148 Tel +61 (0) 2 96 21 97 00 Fax +61 (0) 2 96 21 98 13

FRANCE
Atlas Copco Forage et Dmolition S.A. B.P. 7181, F-95056 Cergy-Pontoise, Cedex Tel +33 (0)1 39 09 32 22 Fax +33 (0)1 39 09 32 49

BRAZIL
Atlas Copco Brazil Av.Eng. Euserio, Stevaux, 1600, Sao Paulo SP, 04696 000 Tel +55 (0) 11 56 87 8800 Fax +55 (0) 11 55 41 7671

GERMANY
Atlas Copco MCT GmbH Langemarckstrasse 35, D-45141 Essen Tel +49 (0) 201 217 70 Fax +49 (0) 201 217 7454

CANADA
Atlas Copco Exploration Products 640 McKeown Avenue, North Bay, ON P1B 8H2 Tel +1 705 472-3320 Fax +1 705 472-6843

GHANA
Atlas Copco Ghana Ltd. Atlas Copco House, No. 14 Akosombo Street, Airport Residential Area, Accra Tel +233 (0) 21 77 4512 Fax +233 (0) 21 77 6147

CHILE
Atlas Copco Chilena SAC Panamericana Norte, 5001 Conchali Santiago Tel +56 (0) 2 442-3600 Fax +56 (0) 2 623-4460

GREAT BRITAIN
Atlas Copco Construction & Mining Ltd. Swallowdale Lane, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire HP2 7HA Tel +44 (0) 1442 22 2100 Fax +44 (0) 1442 23 4467

CHINA
Atlas Copco China / Hong Kong Ltd. CMT China 41-1 Huang Jia Wei, 210037 Nanjing Tel +86 (0) 25 562 01 18 Fax +86 (0) 25 551 52 25

ICELAND
Atlas Copco Anlegg - og Gruveteknikk A/S P.O. Box 334, N-1401 Ski, Norway Tel +47-64 86 03 61 Fax +47-64 86 03 30
10

ETHIOPIA
Atlas Copco Kenya Ltd. - see KENYA
10

40 | 41

ATLAS COPCO LOCATIONS

INDIA
Atlas Copco India Ltd. Sveanagar, Bombay, Pune Road, Dapodi, Pune 411 012 Tel +91 (0) 20 27 14 64 16 Fax +91 (0) 20 27 14 66 37

ATLAS COPCO LOCATIONS

MOROCCO
Atlas Copco Maroc SA 2-6 Rue Ibnou Adara EI Marrakouchi, 20 300 Casablanca Tel +212 (0) 22 6000 40 Fax +212 (0) 22 60 05 22

IRELAND
Atlas Copco Construction & Mining Ltd. Swallowdale Lane, Hemel Hempstead, Hertfordshire HP2 7HA GB Tel +44 (0) 1442 22 2100 Fax +44 (0) 1442 23 4467

PERU
Atlas Copco Peruana S.A. Francisco Grana, 150 152, La Victoria, Lima Tel +51 (0) 1 411 6100 Fax +51 (0) 1 224 0153

PORTUGAL
Soc. Atlas Copco de Portugal, Lda. Av. Do Forte 3, P-2795-504 Carnaxide Tel +351 214 16 8500 Fax +351 214 17 0941

ITALY
Atlas Copco Italia S.p.A. Via Fratelli Gracchi 39, I-20092 Cinisello, Balsamo MI Tel +39 (0) 2 61 7991 Fax +39 (0) 2 66 01 3299

RUSSIA
ZAO Atlas Copco 27 Viatskaya Street, Building 14, 125015 Moscow Tel +7 (0) 95 933 5550 Fax +7 (0) 95 933 5560

JAPAN
Atlas Copco KK CMT Division Shiba Bldg 11F, 13-4 Shiba 2-chome, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0014 Tel +81 (0) 3 57 65 78 90 Fax +81 (0) 3 57 65 31 99

SLOVENIA
Atlas Copco GmbH CMT Csokorgasse 11, Wien 11, Austria Tel +43 (0) 1 76 0120 Fax. +43 (0) 1 769 5672

KENYA
Atlas Copco Kenya Ltd. Airport North Road, off Mombasa Road, Embakasi, Nairobi Tel +254 (0) 20 82 52 65/7 Fax. +254 (0) 20 82 52 15

SOUTH AFRICA
Atlas Copco Exploration Products Africa P.O. Box 1521, Edenvale, South Africa 1610 Tel +27 (0) 11 608 1741 Fax. +27 (0) 11 608 1746

MEXICO
Atlas Copco Mexicana SA de CV Apartado Postal 104, Zona Industrial, 54073 Tlalnepantla, Edo de Mexico Tel +52 (0) 55 53 21 06 67 Fax +52 (0) 55 55 65 62 65
42 | 43

SPAIN
Atlas Copco S.A.E. CMT Av. Jos Grate, 3 Poligono Ind., Coslada (Madrid) Tel +34 91 627 9100 Fax. +34 91 627 9239
10

10

ATLAS COPCO LOCATIONS

SWITZERLAND
Atlas Copco Bohr- und Tunnelbautechnik CH2557 Studen / Biel Tel +41 (0) 32 374 1500 Fax. +41 (0) 32 374 1515

NOTES

SWEDEN
Atlas Copco CMT Sweden AB Sickla Industrivg 3, Nacka, SE-105 23 Stockholm Tel +46 (0) 8 743 9249 Fax. +46 (0) 8 743 9246

TANZANIA
Atlas Copco Kenya Ltd. - see KENYA

UGANDA
Atlas Copco Kenya Ltd. - see KENYA

UNITED STATES
Christensen Products 3120 West California Ave., Suite B, Salt Lake City, Utah 84122 Tel +1-801 973 8635 Fax +1 801 974 10 12

ZAMBIA
Atlas Copco Zambia Ltd. No. 210 Kabundi Road, Chingola Tel +260 (0) 2 31 12 81 Fax +260 (0) 2 31 38 77

NOTES

NOTES

NOTES

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Much of the information contained in this book is the result of the experience gained through many years of close cooperation with our customers. Another valuable source of information was The Diamond Drilling Handbook by W. F. Heinz. Atlas Copco gratefully acknowledges the important work done by Dr. Heinz. Atlas Copco

total rock drilling technology

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