Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mathematics - A Tutorial On Learning Bayesian Networks
Mathematics - A Tutorial On Learning Bayesian Networks
!
"#$&%' ()!
* +-,.0/2143576$398;:<+=
> 35?6$3-8;:@+BA4:C.D5&8FE$GHEIKJ-LM5&EN:
OP+8Q5 >SR9TNTNUWVX 3-,.0GY3/<ZN[]\_^ R-TTNUB`
ab35 > =].c59+\ X 3-deEN8FJ
Ogf Xih a XjhkTNU-hHlm
n orqtsuvYu-w0xy{z?vYzt|sq?}
p
~i$ |Nq?z p z?q?}$Nuruo oMvYoMuN
nporqtsuvHuw0x{usY$usH|xHoru
Nz4nporqtsuvHuw0x{W|&
y{z u e ~
!#"$
%&&'(*)+
)(#,,
-/."()+
#0*,
12%#3"$
%#%435678'(9
:)<;
1/,(0>=>?2!2&(4'(*)
)(#,@#'A
'(8B)(,",'()&(."4)/
3C#*)(&()D*8@)E!
'E-F,(G
%
(,H
H%##'()&#"
'(I
*)(#"'I
0*#J#)/'&.#)
H%K-F,@L'()+
)&'&)(#"$
%>G
.%9
)(#,
M=NO'(!,
1P!,
1P1/O"$
I.'&J)(!
(&'(4Q)+
)&,I)(,%#$
(1R0Q,
12%43@2H*8C",@H##O3,@I
#0*,
12%#3S12#)(!'&)
)(#'()&"
%
3
)+=
T
UWVXWYZ\[^]\_LXA`ZaV
}NoMv$|Bzts oMv|}$sorz;w x$cNxHusko |u |&z?vHo | Nz?x+g{usfv)| z?xF}Nu v wcusbrzt|sYNo NxF}Nz wKsu
|-xF|dGe z?q?xHoruNv | g{z orvHq@cNvHvxF}Nz |&z?vHo |p$}NorruvHu$}W| x;}Nz skzt$sz?vHztxF|-xHoruEdue
z?q?xHoruNv xF}$sucN} g{z z?vHqtsko }Bz z?x;}Nu v{wcus{rzt|sYNo N xF}Nz4$suN}$|}NorMorxHorz?v4| vYxFscNq?x$c$szuw |
|&z?vHo | Nz?xg{us4fMd2eK z?q?xYoMuNNv | B g{z orvHq@cNvHv z?x;}Nu v{wcus o ztxYo wcNo NNz
g orvHxHo Nq?xHoruNv
|}BucNxxF}Nz5g{usk | o xHz?sH|-xYo NpxF}Nz?vYz oMvYxHo Nq?xHoruNv o xHu | |&z?vYo |WNz?x+g{usfWd'2z sz?vYxFsorq?x
uc$s orvHq@cNvHvHoru#xYu |&z?vHo |#| b>c$|-vHo |&z?vHo | z?x;}Nu v wcusrzt|sHNo NMd ~ 2o xHztsz?vYxHo NW|
zts | t>@ |
No sxYz?v z?x{|-xd
u-wcxHztzez?q?xHo zNu |&z?vHo | |$$su|-q?}orv)o zt5} zt|s|
t d ~ rvHu g{z4ro orxuc$s orvHq@cNvYvHorupxHu $sku}Nrz u |-o Nvg }Nztsz |so |}Nrz?vxF|fzu orvHqtsz?xYz
vHxF|xHz?v@dnpuszztNztsY|-xHz?q?}$No#b cNz?v|sz o zt o c$xHo Nz5 t* | z?q
f-zts | z?x|-xd t } d
z;w0uNszJg z orvHq@cNvHv |tz?vHo | Nz?x+g{usfv | }Nu*gPxHuirzt|sHxF}Nz wKsu |-xF| oMxOgorr}Nz? xHusz oMz
g
xF}Nz |&z?vHo | o xHztsY$sz?xF|-xHoru u-w $su}$|}Norrorxd ~ $so |s z?Mz ztx u-w xF}Nz{ |Nc$|z{u-w $suN}$|}NorMorx
|&z?vHo | usuxF}Nzts+gorvHz orv x;}Nzz ztxd z ztx g{z zt|| vHxF|xHz uw vHu z$|skxu-wbuc$sJg{us
o vHu z xHo z o xHzts |-]o xF}Nz$|-vHx $sz?vHztx usw(cNx$c$szd ~ q? |-vYvHorqz
h | NMzuw | z ztx)orv{xF}$|-x{|
$|sxYoMq@cN |"s !o Cu-w | q?uo g oMrbq?u z\c$<}Nzt| v@d ~ BztsH}$|Nv usz o xHztskz?vHxHo N z ztxorvxF}$|xu
gorr q?ruvYz|-x uskzxF}$|
# BztsuNc$Nq?z4u%
$|c$|sk $> d
& o zt| z ztx ' xF}Nz$sz |-rztx q?uNq?ztNxHoru u-w orxHv)$sku}$|}NorroMxorv)xF}$|xboMxborv{| zt|-v$c$sz{u-w]xF}Nz
wKsz
b cNztNq?RgorxF}Pgi}NoMq?(
} ' uNq?q@c$sv g }NztRg{z szt$zt|x |CxHo z?v |pz
h$$ztso ztxugorxF}2$uvHvYo }Nrz
'P
) cNu*x ' d ~ oeztsztx NuxYoMuN#oMv xF}$|-xxF}Nz'$su}$|}NoMrorxPu-+w 'szt$skz?vHztxYv xF}Nz
ucNxHq?u z?
v ''|
, .o -z+oo50y /13o 2qs4o /P}Nz? } |'BztsvHu@xF}$|-x4x;}Nz z zt5x ':gorr)uNq?q@c$s o #|vYo NMzz
h$$ztsko ztx@d e_w |
$ztskvHup|-vHvHorNv| $su}$|}Norrorx
Cu-w xH
u ' x;}Nzt'}Nzu}$z?rorz z?v\g oMx;}'q?ztskxF|-o xxF}$|x 'gorMbuNq?q@c$s
de_w
}Nz |-vYvHorNv4|$su}$|}Norrorx u-w xY
u ' xF}Nzt }Nzu}Bz?Morz z?v^gorxF}Cq?ztsxF|-o x
CxF}$|-x 'Ig oMr{Nux4}$|$$ztEd
e_w }Nz |vHvHorNv|$sku}$|}NorroMx }Bz?x+g z?zt | xH6
u ' xF}Nzt }Nz oMv xHuvHu z z?sz?z5c$Nvc$sz |}BucNx
g }Nz?xF}NztsusNux 'agorr uNq?q@c$s
d
}Nz'o xYztsH$sz?xF|-xYoMuNSuw|W$suN}$|}NorMorx |-v|pwKsz
b>cNztNq?So | vHztskoMz?vuwszt$zt|-xz
h$$ztsko ztxHv
orv xFsH| oMxYoMuN$|-rMSskz;w0ztsHskz xHu |-vxF}NzP7y 198
;o :vx=q <ou>s /rz+@o ?BANo@tMvxq p
vbo xHztsY$sz?xF|-xHoruEd eK#q?uxFsH|vHx xF}Nz
o xYztsH$sz?xF|-xYoMuNSuw|W$suN}$|}NorMorx |-v| z?skz?z<uwG}$z?rorz;w orvqt|-rMz xF}Nz Cp AD198
;o :vx=q <o us jln*o
p
qFlt
o xYztsH$sz?xF|-xYoMuN o }NuNNusbu-wexF}Nziy{z ztszt }Nu |v |&z?v |vYq?oMztxHorvHx wKsu xF}Nz o vOg }Nu
}Nz? $z xHu NoruNz?zts xF}NzxF}Nz?us2u-w $sku}$|}NorroMvYxHorq<o wcztsztNq?z |&z?v t> |-q
fo N t d ~ v
g{z v;}$|-rvHz?z o z?q?xYoMuN xF}Nz wKsz
b>cNztxHorvHxo xHztsH$sz?xF|xHoru#orv |CvF$z?q?o |-qt|vHz uw xF}Nz |&z?vHo |
o xYztsH$sz?xF|-xYoMuNEd
e pxF}Nz |&z?vHo |Co xHztsY$sz?xF|-xHoru |$su}$|}Norrorx usC}$z?rorz;wkgorr |g|&Nv ztBzt uCxF}Nz vHxF|-xHz
u-wifNNu*grz z4u-wbxF}Nz $ztskvHugi}Nu $su o z?v xF}$|x $su}$|}Norrorxdus{z
h$| Nrz o wSg{z\g{ztszxHu o z
vHu z?uNzj| q?uo }Nzg{ucN Mo9f-z?r'|-vYvHor | $su}$|}Norrorx u-w B E xHu xF}Nz z ztx xF}$|-x)x;}Nz q?uo :g{ucN
4'
g }Nztsz 4'
@'
) ztNuxHz?v x;}Nz4$su}$|}Norrorx
CxF}$|-x '
| '
|szx;scNzo ztMd
x;}Nztsbq?u uNr cNvYz scNrz?v|sz u-w0xYztz
h $skz?vHvHz o xHzts v)u-w |so |}Nrz?v sY|-xF}Nztsbx;}$|z ztxHv@d
~ <lzqFl 1 2#o x;|f-z?vu |-9cNz?vbwKsu | q?urMz?q?xYoMuNu-w cNx$c$|Mr z
hq?9cNvHo z | q?uMrz?q?xHo z?r z
h$}$|cNvHxYo z
vHxF|xHz?v g }Nztszzt|-q?}'vYxF|-xHz q?usHsz?vFBu v4xYu vHu zz ztxd ~ |sko |}NMz |&}$z , q9p :@z+ovxo }$| o N'|
NorxHzus q?uc$xF|}Nrzc }$zts u-wvHxF|-xHz?v uNs4orx |&P}$z :ytMvxqst ANyAprd uNs4z
h$| Nrz |Cx+g{u*KvHxF|xHz
us 1
qFtWlzn |sko |}NMz qt|}BzGcNvHz xHu skzt$sz?vHztx xF}Nz$uvYvHo9}NMz ucNxHq?u z?v u-w | q?uo !o g }Nztszt|-v|
q?uxHo cNuNcNv |so |}Nrzqt| }$zucNvHz xHuszt$sz?vHztx x;}NzGg{z?or}x uw xF}Nzq?uo EdCeKCxF}Norv4$|$zts g zIcNvHz
ru*g ztsKqt|-vHzrz?xHxHztsvxcNv$c$|-rrWNzt|sixF}Nz zt u-w x;}Nz |- $}$|}$z?x xHu'szt$skz?vHztx vHo Nrz |so |}Nrz?v |
c$$$ztsKqt|-vHzrz?xHxHztsv xHu<skzt$sz?vHztx4vHz?xHv u-w |sko |}NMz?vd' z^g sorxH
z xHu ztNuxYz xF}$|x |so |}Nrz
porvo pvHxF|xHz d }Nztg{zu}NvHzts zxF}NzvHxF|-xHz w0uNsz ztsk |so |}Nrz o CvHz?
x g{zqt|-rbxF}Norv4vYz?x u-w
u}NvHzts |-xHoruNv| vHxF|-xYzuw | g skoMxY!
z " d u z?xHo z?v g{zrzt| z xF}Nz vYxF|-xHzu-w| |so |}Nrz
us vHz?xu-w |so |}Nrz?v4o Nrorq?orx@d }Nz Az+y 14l 1
9q 2#qFvxn , q prvxzq 1 AvxqsytPy <@o@zlp
o@vO0y /<@lzqF7l 1 2#o
#p $ ztNuxYz
$ % ? orv xF}NzvYz?xu-w)$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?v $ & w0us |-revHxF|-xYz?v u'
w d
$% P R
g }Nztsz
$%
*
`
*
9
`
z ;v }$|-r Yv z?z xF}$|-x xF}NorvscNrz Mo vo BusxF|x4o 2xF}Nz z NorxHoru#u-w |&z?vHo | Nz?x+g{usfv@d ~ rvHu g{z
}$| zFx }Nz -N@o tMoz+l2#q
o , pCA z@A #2 o
$
$%
g N} ztsz orv| ztNztsH|-ro#?z $v c x;}$|-x{o Nq?9c z?v o xHz?sY|-rvg }NztvYu zus{|-ru-w xF}Nz |so |}Nrz?vio
|szq?uxHo NcNucNv@d2bo $|-rr g{4
z }$| zxF}Nzuo 8>lt>p
qFytz@A72o
$% _
$% P
"!
#
$
&%
z o |xHoruNvj|sz4vHu vHorNoqt|x| $sz orq?xF|}NrzxF}$|-xvHu z4sz?vHzt|skqQ}Nztsvi}$| zq?u z4xYu skz
z?q?xixF}Nz
scNrz |}$Nz | z?x |-xd Ct dWn | ux;}Nzts sz?vHzt|skqQ}Nztsv }Nu*g{z zts |scNzxF}$|-x xF}Nz'|*hNoMu v
cNvHz xHu ztsko z xF}Nz4nPO scNrz |sz4xHuNu q?u $z?rro N'xHuszz?q?x | |skcNzw(c$sxF}Nzts xF}$|-x$z?uNrz v
z o |xHoruNv{wKsu x;}Nz scNrz |f-z xF}NzkcNvYz u-w z?q?orvHoruKxF}Nz?uNsz?xHorq4q?uNq?ztNxYv| szt$skz?vHztx;|-xHoruNv|-r
xF}Nz uNszo $uskxF|xGx uQg|s t dLe_wbxF}Nztsz v | uc>}Nx x;}NoMv|cNxF}NuNs }$|vxF}Nz4 |-xYxHzts orz
g\d
%
!
*Z
A8O
9Z
A8O
8`
*
9Z
QO
_
*
3/
L
vcNqQ}x;}$|-x' | 1
8O
}Nz?vHzq?uN oMxYoMuN$|- o ztBzt ztNq?o z?v z Nz xF}Nz |tz?vHo | Nz?x+g uNsf vYxFscNq?x$c$szd }Nz4Nu z?vio xF}Nz
p(f=empty | ) = 0.05
Battery
Fuel
p(b=bad | ) = 0.02
Gauge
p(g=empty | b=good, f=not empty,) = 0.04
p(g=empty | b=good, f=empty,) = 0.97
p(g=empty | b=bad, f=not empty,) = 0.10
p(g=empty | b=bad, f=empty,) = 0.99
Turn Over
Start
vHxFs4cNq?x$c$szq?usHsz?v;$u xYu |so |}Nrz?vo pxF}Nz u |-o Ed }Nz $|sztxHvu-w# q?usHsz?v;$u xYuxF}NzvHz?x
/ d
e Cuc$siz
h | Nrz cNvHo N'x;}NzuNs ztso N ! | % g{z }$| zxF}Nzq?u orxHoru$|)o zt$zt
ztNq?orz?v
' ;
'
"!L [R Z
"!A3
%3[ !O
{uNvYz
b cNztxHr g{zu}Nx;|-o xF}NzvHxFscNq?xc$szvF}Nu*g o borc$sz d
}Nzu $|- vHxHzt2o q?uNvHxFs4cNq?xHo NW| |&z?vYo |WNz?x+g{usfporv xYu@|vHvHz?vHvxF}NzruNqt|- oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoruNv
* / SuNz orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruCwcus z ztsCvHxF|-xHz u-w / d }Nz?vHz oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoruNv w0uNsuc$si|cNxHu u}Norrz
z
h$| Nrz<|skz vF}Nu*g #o boMNc$sz dP{u }No No N Kb c$|-xYoMuNNv | $ g zvYz?zxF}$|-x | |&z?vHo |
Nz?x+g{usf wcus
|-#g|&Nv{ztNq?u z?vixF}Nzuo x $su}$|}Norrorx oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoru w0uNs
Gd
~ sH|g}$|-q
fu-w |&z?vHo | Nz?x+g uNsfv|-v z Nz oMv{xF}$|xNz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?x$c$skz ztBzt v u |so
|}Nrz'uNs zts
d e0wjx;}Nzus zts orv qQ}NuvHzt#qt|sz?rz?vHvHr xF}Nz'skz?v$cNrxHo N Nz?x+g{usfpvYxFscNq?x$c$sz |&pwK|-orxHu
sz zt| |q?u orxHoru$|-)o ztBzt ztNq?o z?v o x;}Nz u |-o Ed ~ v|'z
hNztsq?orvHz xF}Nz szt| ztsiv;}NucN
q?uNvHx;scNq?x| |&z?vHo | Nz?x+g{usf wcusbx;}Nz4|cNxHu uN}NoMrzxFskuc>}Nrz?vF}NuuxHzts u |-o cNvHo N xF}NzuNs ztso N
% !` dMusx$c$$|-xYz?M o $sH|-q?xHorq?z g{z{qt|u-wcxHztszt| orr |-vHvYztsxbqt|cNvF|-skz? |xHoruNvF}No Nv| uN
|so |}Nrz?vo C| u |o | qt|cNvYzxF}Nz?vHz|vHvHztsxHoruNv xHu q?uNvHx;scNq?x | |&z?vHo |
Nz?x+g{usfvYxFscNq
x$c$szJgorxF}NuNcNx)$sz?us ztso N xF}Nz |so |}Nrz?v@dS~i| z?r xHuq?uNNvHxFscNq?xb| |tz?vHo | Nz?x+g{usf wcusb|o zt
vHz?x{u-w |sko |}NMz?v g{z sH|g |sq?v w su qt|cNvHz |sko |}NMz?v xHuxF}Nz?o so z o |-xYzz z?q?xYv@dSeK| uvHx|-r
qt|-vHz?v $ uo N vYu sz?vcNMxYv o '| |&z?vYo |'Nz?x+g{usf^g }NuvHzq?u orxHoru$| Ko ztzt z9Nq?z o Nrorqt|-xHoruNv
|sz |-q?q@c$sH|-xHzd^usiz
h$| Nrz x;}Nz Nz?x+g uNsfo RboMNc$sz g|-vq?uNNvHxFscNq?xHz cNvHo N<x;}Nz |-vHvHztskxHoruNv
xF}$|-x l AB-No4orv4x;}Nz o sz?q?x4qt|cNv;|-bzez?q?xu-wjmlvxvxo@zn | Ao32 ANz$t <@ozorvxF}Nz o sz?q?xqt|cNvF|-
zez?q?xu-wJjlvxvxo@zn | # vxlz$v oMv xF}Nz o sz?q?xiqt|cNvF|-]zez?q?xu-w ANz$t$ <@o@z{| $ ANoB2#d
z?qt|cNvYz4| |tz?vHo |Nz?x+g uNsf wcus{| u |o z?xYzts o Nz?vj|
uo x $su}$|}NoMrorx orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru
wcusbxF}$|x u |o g{ziqt| So $so Nq?o NrOz cNvHz | |&z?vHo | Nz?xg{us4f4xYu4q?u >cNxYzj| $suN}$|}NorMorx
u-w)o xHztsz?vHx@dJus{z
h$| Nrz v$c$$BuvHzIg{z\g|xxHu q?u >cNxHz4xF}Nz$su}$|}Norrorx orvHx;so9}>cNxHoruCu-w A3o 2
o zt xF}$|-x{xF}Nzqt|s uNz?vF x vHxF|sxd/]su x;}Nz4scNrz?v u-w)$su}$|}NoMrorxg{z4}$| z
!` % N
u
' % Nu [ % % NNu Zu
[R !O % NZ
u
eK#|szt|-(g{us $su}Nrz gorxF
} |so |}Nrz?v xF}Norv |$$suN|-qQ}@oMvNuxwczt|-vHo9}Nrz }Bz?qt|cNvHz oMx ztx;|-orMv
v$c o N u zts us usz{xHzts v@dusx$c$$|xHz?r g z{qt| z
h Nruorx)x;}Nz q?uN oMxYoMuN$|-o zt$zt ztNq?o z?v
ztNq?u z o | |&z?vHo | Nz?x+g uNsf xHu |f-z x;}NoMv q?u >cNxF|-xYoMuN uNszz q?orztx@dSeK x;}NoMv qt|-vHz o zt
xF}Nzq?u orxHoru$| o zt$zt ztNq?o z?v4o Kb c$|-xYoMuN $ 2b>c$|-xHoru }$z?q?u z?v
'
\
% Nu !O [ " !A3
;3 [
3% Nu
\
% N
u !O [ !L3 ;3 [
}$|-x{orv q?uN oMxYoMuN$|- o ztBzt ztNq?z $su cNq?z?v | z?q?u BuvHorxHoru u-w xF}N.z uo xi$su}$|}Norrorx
orvHx;so
}>cNxHoru xF}$|-xeqt|}$zcNvHz o q?u c$Nq?xHorugorxF}xF}Nz orvHxFso9}>cNxHo z{ |gWxHuisz cNq?z)xF}Nz o ztNvHoru$|-rorx
u-wbxF}Nzq?u >cNx;|-xHoruNv@d
}Nz ztNztsY|-$su}Nrz u-w q?u >cNxYo N#$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?v u-wio xHztsz?vYx4wKsu | c$uvYvHo9}NMPo Nrorq?orx
uo x{$su}$|}Norrorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru orv qt|Mrz Az+y 14l 1
=q 2#q prvx9q :qFt /roz+o@t :o@d ~ r]z
h |-q?x{|-rusorxF} v)wcus $su}
|}NorrorvHxHorq o wcztsztNq?zo |&z?vHo | Nz?xg{us4fvz
h Nruorxbq?u orxHoru$|o zt$zt ztNq?z4suNcN}Nr|-vLg{z }$| z
z?vHqtso9}Bz e |-rxF}NucN}gorxF} o eztsztx)x+gorvHxYv@dusz
h | Nrz uQg|s | n |-x;}Nz?vHu t@?-
}$|-q?}xYztsk t z z?MuN$z | |-ruNsorxF} xF}$|-x skz ztsvHz?v|sq?v{o xF}NzNz?x+g uNsf
vHxHz t { | 6
vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz5c$xHor{xF}Nz |Nvg{ztsxHuCxF}Nz o zt#$su}$|}NorrorvHxHorqb>cNzts qt|P}$z'szt| o sz?q?xHr wKsu xF}Nz
sH|$}Ed7e xF}Norv|-rusorxF} zt|-qQ} |sq sz ztsvF|-$q?usYsz?vF$uN v)xHu4| |$NroMqt|xHoru uw |&z?v -x;}Nz?usz d
zt|s t\ z z?ru$z | z?vHvF|z
$|-vHvHo NvHq?}Nz zx;}$|-xSc$ |-xYz?vbxF}Nz $su}$|}NoMrorx oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoruNv
wcuszt|qQ}pNu zo | |&z?vHo |pNz?x+g uNsf o skz?vF$uNvYzxYu u}NvYzts |-xYoMuNNvu-w)uNzus usz |so |}Nrz?v@d
Norz?z? }$|-rxHztsu t qtszt|xHz ||-rusorxF} xF}$|-xO svYx x;sH|Nvwcus v xF}Nz |&z?vHo |
e|c$skoMx4?zt'|
Nz?x+g{usfpo xHuW|pxFskz?zg }Nztszzt|-q?}SNu zo PxF}NzCxFsz?zq?usHskz?vF$u v xHuW|pv$c>}NvYz?x u-w |so |}Nrz?v o
xF}Nz u |-o Ed }Nz|-rusorxF} xF}Nzt#z
h NruorxHvvHz ztsH|- |-xF}Nz |-xYoMqt| $suBztsxHorz?v u-wxF}NorvxFsz?z xHu
$zts
w0us $su}$|}NorrorvHxHorq o wcztsztNq?zdnpuvHxsz?q?ztxHr ~ }$suvHoruP t>{ z z?ru$z |Co wcztsztNq?z
|-ruskoMx;} x;}$|-xvHo Nro z?vvc v | $su cNq?xHvvH }BuroMqt|Mr |-vo #x;}NzxFsH|Nvwcus |-xHoruCwKsu
2b>c$|-xHoru xHu52b>c$|-xHoru d
~ rxF}NucN}ag{zbqt|iz
h Nruorx)|-vYvHztsxHoruNveuw q?u orxHoru$|o zt$zt ztNq&zo 4| |tz?vHo |Nz?x+g uNsf{wcus
$su}$|}NoMrorvHxHorq{o w0ztskztNq?z z
h$|-q?xeo w0ztskztNq?z o ||s}NorxFsH|s |&z?vHo |4Nz?x+g{usfoMvL~
}$|s {uuN$zts
Battery
Fuel
Start
before d
Start
after d
borc$sz ~ o !AcNztNq?z o |-NsH| _vHxFscNq?xc$sz wcus| z?q?oMvYoMuNpu-w2g }Nz?xF}Nzts xHu q?}$|Nz xF}NzG}$|xHxHzts
z?x{w(cNz? uNs u NuxF}No NMd }Nz vb c$|sz4Nu z skzt$sz?vHztxHvuc$s|MxYztsH$|-xHo z?v@d }Nz o | uN Nu z
szt$sz?vHztxHviuc$sCcNxHorMorxHorz?v u-w |-r x;}Nz$uvHvHo9}Nrz ucNxHq?u z?v@d }Nz uc>}NrzKro Nz|sq w sku # vxlzvexHu
szt$sz?vYztxHv{xF}Nz|-vHvYztsxHoru xF}$|-xSg{zfNNu*gg }Nz?xF}Nzts us)Nux x;}Nz qt|s vHxF|skxHvSg }Nzt^g{z |f-z z?q?orvHoru
d
t dJ ztC|$$su*ho |xHz4o wcztsztNq?z w0uNsz
h$| Nrz cNvHo Nn<uNxHz
|sru z?xF}Nu v orv\~
}$|s
_4|-Nc | c>} /&* dKus ||$Nrorqt|-xHoruNv }Nu*g{z zts xF}NzNz?x+g uNsfv|skzv |-rztNucN}
_us qt| }$zvHo Nroz v$c q?orztxYM vHu xF}$|-xixF}Nz?vHzq?u Nrz
hNorx
psz?v$cNrxHv4|skzNux w |xF|-xdusx;}NuvHz
|$Nrorqt|-xHoruNvg }NztskzxF}NzGcNv$c$|eo w0ztsztNq?z z?x;}Nu v |szo $sH|-q?xHorqt|- sz?vHzt|skqQ}Nztsvi|sz z z?ruNo N
xHz?q?}$No#b cNz?vpxF}$|-x|szpq@cNvHxYu xF|-orrusz xYuS$|sxHorq@cN |s'Nz?x+g{usf#xYu$uruoMz?vx z?qrf-zts | &>
cNzts uN x| uuBzts S&>@? us$|skxHorq@cN |so w0ztskztNq?z5b>cNztsorz?vcy| | c$skxF}No | ~ uo Nu
t>D }$|-qQ}xHzts{z?xi|-xd t $ztNvHzt'| ~ ztsvHzt t d
}Nzqst Aot :o , qFl -z+\l goMv)|z
hNxHztNvHoru u-wxF}Nz |&z?vYo |
Nz?xg{us4f szt$skz?vHztx;|-xHoru xHu z?q?orvHoru
$su}Nrz vdS]o9f-zxF}Nz |&z?vYo | Nz?x+g uNsf |o !AcNztNq?z o |sH| q?ux;|-o Nv)Nu z?vszt$sz?vYztxHo NIc$
q?ztsxF|o |so |}Nrz?v| |sq?vszt$sz?vHztxHo N<$sku}$|}NorroMvYxHorq zt$zt ztNq?zdIeK |o !AcNztNq?z o |-NsH|
xF}Nz?vHziq?uNvHx;scNq?xHv |szqt|-rrz :lt :o\tMy , o
pb| z3o 2#Bo <@lt :ol0z :
p sz?vF$z?q?xYo z?Mde | $ oMxYoMuN o !Ac
ztNq?z o |-NsH| v |& q?uxF|-o , @o :@q p
qFyt tMy , o
p g }Norq?}'szt$skz?vHztx z?q?oMvYoMuN |so |}Nrz?v | |-x uvHx
uN%
z Avx9q 2#qFvxn:tMy , o
|Eg }NorqQ}pszt$skz?vHztxYvj| z?q?orvHoru |f-zts
v $skz;w0ztsztNq?z?vd ~ MvYu o !AcNztNq?z o |-sH| v
|&4q?uNxF|o qFt /ryOz Ilvxqsytl0z :
p|>g }NorqQ} o oMqt|xHzgi}$|-xborvmfNNu*g |-x)x;}NzxHo z | z?q?orvHoru orv | zd
usz
h$| Nrz o #uc$s xFsuc>}Nrz?vF}NuNuxHo N u |-o vc$$$uvHzg{z}$| z x;}Nz uNxYoMuNNvxYu@skztN |q?z
xF}Nz5}$|xHxHzts z?x w<cNz? w0uNsixF}Nz qt|s uNs u<NuxF}No NMd ~ po !AcNztNq?z o |-sH| wcus xF}Norv z?q?orvHoru2oMv
vF}Nu*g Co borc$sz d }Nzvb>c$|sz Nu z orv4| z?q?orvHoruWNu z | szt$skz?vHztxYvuc$s|-rxHztsH$|-xYo z?v@d
}Nz o | u Nu z orv x;}NzGcNxHorrorx
Nu zd }Nz|sq?v$uo xHo NxHu xF}Nz qQ}$|Nq?z 0u |- Nu z?v|sz
# vxlzv)xYu orv | o wcus |-xYoMuNW|skqdecxHv$sz?vHztNq?z'|-vYvHztsxHv xF}$|-x
sz?rz |Nq?z'|sq?v@d }Nz |skq wKsu
|-x x;}Nz<xYo zg{z |f-z'xF}Nz z?q?orvHoru g z fNu*g gi}Nz?xF}Nzts uNs Nux xF}NzCqt|s vYxF|sxHvd e SztNztsH|-
p(|)
heads
tails
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
(a)
(b)
b ro $c s z Ic | N}
z u Nc Hx ?q u ?z v u w | Fx N} c N} Fx -|
q
f ! o E
d x } i ~ $ s u $} | N} ro r ro
x ro Hv Fx ks o >} Nc Yx Mo Nu p
cw u s Fx N} z
$ } Hv ro tq -| $ s u $} | N} ro r ro
x C
-u )w N} tz | @v d
o 0w Nu s -| Hx ro u C
| s ?q v B u o ix u N r
Hx u ?z ?q ro Hv ro u p
N u ?z v g N} tz s tz -| v s ?z r z | N ?q z | ks ?q v $ u o x Nu N M
Yx u Qq $} | N ?q z
N u ?z @v d
J LY \V ` V
Y Z 5 G ` +` AX `
V
m Y `
>
?z tq | Nc Hv z &| ?z Hv o | N ?z +x g Nu s f {v $} | jz
| $ s Nu $} | N} ro M ro Hv Yx Mo q o Hx tz Ys $ s ?z Fx -| Hx ro u {g iz tq | 5
Nc Yv z Fx Hs | ro Hx ro u $ -| ] Hx ?z ?q }
-| ;x >| ed z ro Hv @q Nc Hv bv Fx N} ?z Hv {z Hx ?z ?q $} N #o b Nc ?z v
N #o b Nc ?z v Kw s u &| ?z Hv o | Yv Fx -| Hx ro Hv Hx ro ?q v Hx iu M tz | Hs Fx N} ?z Yv z u ?z r v Kw s u
oC
Fx N} z s z -| o tz is -u )w Fx N} z $ | $ tz
s d z tz Hs -| -u bw Fx N}
z Hx ?z Qq $} N #o >b Nc ?z v Fx $} -| Cx {g 4z N ?z z tq |
B} z ro Hv @q Nc Hv Yv z o
Fx N} z ?q u Yx
z h x u w r tz | Hs N o N
Fx N}
z $ s u $} | N} ro r ro x ro Hv Fx s 9o >} Nc Hx ro u @
-u w | Hv o N r z | ks o | N} M z Cd Ke Fx N} ro v Hv ?z ?q Yx Mo Nu {g z
z $h | o N 4
z Fx N} ro iv tq -| Hv z d
u N Hv o tz {s 4| ?q u u Fx N} c N} ;x -| rq f S
u N
z g Mo ;x
} 4| s u $c e ! -| x N} tz | Fx $} -| {x tq | :
$} iz cw u $c o u Hv x
$v $c B tz s | s f ?z Hx @v
d _e \
w {g
z Fx $} s *u g Fx N}
z Fx N} c N} Fx -|
q P
f $c P
o Fx N} '
z -| o s | M ?z x o | u P
2
| $} | s e ! -| x
$v $c s Kw -| ?q z Mo x g Mo r { ?q u
z Hx '
u ks ?z Hv x ?z ro Fx N} tz s u @
Mo Yx 4v $ u o x $o l , p u is u @
Mo Yx 4v N} tz | + xv l 9q 2 p 7 -| v Fv N} *u g C
o
b ro $c s z | d $c $ B u Hv z {g z o z Fx N} iz Fx N} c N} Fx -|
q
f Hx
u Hv u ?z Nu N z ig N} u Fx N} tz *
! o N iv ro x | Hx o ?z v |
tz -| v $c s ?z )v Fx N} z Kw Hs -| ?q Hx ro u
u w Yx o ?z v ;x N} z Fx N} c N} ;x -| rq f ?q u ?z v $c N} tz | @v d ~ w s
z >b Nc tz Hx ro Hv Jx g Nu Nc Fv &|
Fx N} ro v
r u N *
s $c Kw Hs -| ?q Hx ro u ro v | $ s u $} | N} ro r ro x | g Nu Nc u N} Hv tz s z ! o N v -u ew Fx N} iz Fx N} c N} ;x -| rq f Hx 4u ?z Yv Hx o -| Hx iz Fx N} ro v
$ s u $} | N} Mo r ro x id e
?q u Fx Hs | Hv x Kw s u Fx N} z &| ?z Hv o |
B tz s Fv B ?z ?q Hx o z {g 4z s ?z ?q u N #o ? 4z Fx N} 4z B u Hv Hv 9o N} r z -| 9 Nc ?z v -u w
Fx N} ro v w Ys -| ?q Hx ro u -|
v | | s o | N} r Oz S
tq -| r
ro x
g N
} u Hv z Fx s Nc z | Nc z ro u
v $c N ?q tz s Fx -| o E C
d z tq | p
z h $ ks ?z Hv
v u $c s
$c N ?q tz s Fx | o x '
| $} Nu Nc x g Mo ;x '
} | $ s u $} | N} ro r ro
x ro Hv Fx s 9o >} Nc Hx ro u ? | $c -| Hx
z Fx N} ro v ro Hv ;x s 9o >} Nc Hx ro u p
-| v
{g z u N} Hv tz s z ! o N iv -u bw Fx N} z Fx N} c N} Fx -|
q Mf d
2
z N u Hx
z Fx $} -| x -| r Fx N} u Nc } u ?z 4v N u 4x ks tz $ s ?z Hv tz 4x | ?z s ?z
z -u mw B} ?z r Mo ;z w ?q u r r ?z ?q Hx ro u N v -u w r u N *
4s $c
Kw Hs -| ?q Hx ro u N v M 9o -f z Fv -| Yx Mo kv 0w
Fx N} z 4s Nc M ?z v -u w $ s u $} | N} ro r ro x Sd Ke Fx N} ro v $ | B tz s {g z ;v $} -| r s ;z cw tz bs Hx u | v ?| n rp 9q $: l 2
Z +
7>:_,A 6`NdU
<>,f7>:;5*64eA,.- C.3`N_ 3Z 64C.S0G "A! KWY
x1
... x
m
x2
borc$sz ~ |&z?vYo |
Nz?xg{us4fivHxFscNq?x$c$skz ztNorq?xHo N xF}Nz{q?u orxHoru$|-$o zt$zt ztNq?o z?vi|-vHvHuNq?o |-xHz
gorxF}C|G}No Nu o | vF| Nrzd
Az+y
14l 1
q92#qFvxnIc|&wcxHzts & uu eEt xHu orvHxHo NcNorvF} oMxw su | z?skz?z u-w2}$z?rorz;w d borc$sz vF}Nu*gv{uNz
*
%9Z
A
8O
A
_
4
eKC$|sxHorq@cN |s xF}Nz4ucNxYq?u z?v |skz cNx$c$|-rro zt$zt ztx o zt d zqt|Cszt$sz?vHztxxF}Norviq?u
orxHoru$|-o zt$zt ztNq?z |-vYvHztsxHorucNvHo N| |&z?vHo |
Nz?x+g{usfvHx;scNq?x$c$sz |vvF}Nu*g o borc$sz d
e szt|-rorx g{z|szc$Nq?ztsxF|-o C|}$ucNx{xF}Nz |-9cNzu-w dSe xF}Norvqt|-vHz g{z qt|cNvHzxF}Nziz
h $|NvYoMuN
scNrz4xYu z?xHzts o Nz uc$s$su}$|}NoMrorxxF}$|-xx;}Nz4Nz
hxxYuvHvu-wxF}Nz4xF}Nc }NxF|-q
fIgorr q?u z\c$'}Nzt| v
* '
%
* '
d
%
9
'
%
'
%
g }Nztsz orvvHu z Nus |-rot|xHorupq?uNvHx;|xd }$|-xorv g zu}Nx;|-o pxF}Nz $uvYxHztsorus orvHx;so9}>cNxHorupwcus
} cNMxYo NrNo N orxHv$sorus orvHxFsko }>cNxYoMuN}pxF}Nzw(c$Nq?xHoru 2 * | sztNus |Mo#?o NMd }NoMv
Z + ,B864C*7>64D
<>, d7>:;64<>:*3PC., H,.C*C.,S?5*3P6`:R6 C.,"!O@ ,W- 1=OE38D#*,15$7>B`,fU
C.34D 64D
79<97 5X=OE64- S5$C*@,_U
C.34D 64D
79<97 5X=OY
t
p(|)
p(|heads,)
x
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
u-w)| cNrxHo Nu o |-vF| Nrz5c| orxHvztNztsH|Mo#t|-xYoMuN xF}NzsH| u vF| Nrz gorr2}$z4q?ztxFsH| xYu xF}Nz
sz |o No N orvHq@cNvHvHoruNvo x;}NoMv$|Bzts
d
~ $|-ruuNcNvxHuxF}Nz4x;}c }NxF|-q
fz
h$| Nrz g z}$| z
*
&
g N} ztsz
oMvixF}Nz4Nc }$zts{u-wbxHo z?vc & o | orv | Nus |-ro#t|-xHoruq?uNNvHxF|x@d2~uxHzxF}$|-x
xF}Nzq?uc$xHv
A8
|sz4|v$c q?oMztxivHxF|-xHorvHxYoMqiwcus{x;}Nz cNrxHo Nu o | vF| Nrzd
& o zt | cNrxHo Nu o |-]vF| NMz |\cNvHzts{orv wKsz?z xYu |vHvHz?vHv{| $su}$|}Norrorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru w0uNs
d
eK$sY|-q?xHorq?z }Nu*g{z zts uNzu-wcxHzt:cNvHz?vxF}Nzo sorq?}NMz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru }Bz?qt|cNvHzorx }$|-vvYz ztsH|-]q?u z
Norztx$suBztsxHorz?v@d }Nz |so |}Nrz?v
|szv;|-o xHu }$| z|qFzq=: 2#o@v , q prvxzq41 ANvxqFytRw2qFvo 8 ytMo@tWvsp
8
g }Nzt xF}Nz4$su}$|}NoMrorx orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruCu-w
oMvio zt }
S
@
_
$
t
z vF|&pxF}$|-x4x;}Nz o sorq?}NMz?x oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoru#orvq?MuvHz c$ zts cNrxHo Nu o |vF| Nro N uNsxF}$|-x xF}Nz
o sorqQ}Nrz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru oMvi| :yt 8CA3-lvxo /
l\Iq=2#nIy0/ , q p
vxz$q41 ANvxqFyt>pbwcus cNMxYo Nu o |-evF| NMo NMd ~ MvYu
g }Nzt
}$|-v)|io sorq?}NMz?x orvHxFsko }>cNxYoMuN x;}Nz z
h$$z?q?x;|-xHoruu-w
Sz
b c$|$xHuxF}Nz$su}$|}Norrorx xF}$|-x
&
*
B
g }Nztsz
d ~ vg zvF}$|M vHz?z xF}Nz?vHz $su$ztskxHorz?v |fzx;}Nzo sorq?}Nrz?x |cNvYz;w<cN{$sorus
wcus{rzt|sHNo NMd
~ v$c$s z?u-w z?xF}Nu v)wcus |-vHvHz?vHvYo N|I}$z?xF| oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoru orv{o zt5}o >frzts\ t d }Nz?vHz
z?xF}Nu vo Nq? c zpxF}Nz o sz?q?x |-vHvHz?vYv ztxuwx;}Nz'$su}$|}Norrorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHorucNvYo NRb cNz?vHxYoMuNNv sz
|s o N sz? |-xYo z'|szt|-v |-vYvHz?vHv ztxu-w xF}Nz q@c cN |-xHo z orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru w<c$Nq?xYoMuNcNvHo Npw sY|-q?xHorrz?v
|-vHvYz?vHvHo N'xF}Nz $uvHxYztsorus zt|Nvu-wxF}Nz orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru2o zt }$$uxF}Nz?xYoMqt|)z o ztNq?z | |-vHvYz?vHv+
ztx o #xF}Nzwcus u-w|#z
b cNo |-rztxvF| NrzvHo#?zd }Nz?vYz z?xF}Nu v qt|}$zCztNztsH|-ro#?z gorxF}
|so N o q@cNrx
xYu xF}Nz4Nu}No $|sqt|vHzd
}Nzz
b>cNo |-rztx+KvF| NMzKvYo?z z?xF}Nu ztNztsY|-ro?z?v$|sxHorq@cN |sr g{z?rd }Nz z?xF}Nu orvI}$|-vHz
uKb c$|-xYoMuN B $ g }NorqQ} vF|&v x;}$|-xIg zqt|S|-vHvYz?vHv |po sorq?}NMz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru} |vHvHz?vHvHo N#xF}Nz
$su}$|}NoMrorx oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoru * ; wcus xF}Nz Nz
hxuN}NvHzts |xHoru |
d e vHu uo N g{z |&
sz
g skoMxYz\2b>c$|-xHoru |v
g }Nztsz orv | NuNs |-ro#t|-xHoru q?uNvHxF|x@d ~ vHvHz?vHvHo N *_ orvivHxFsH|oMN}xwcus+g|s dAc$skxF}Nzts uskz xF}Nz
wcurMu*go N x+g uu}NvYzts |-xYoMuNNvv$cNz?vYx |vHo Nrz z?xF}Nu w0uNs |vHvHz?vHvHo N
d
}Nz |so |Nq?zCu-w4| orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru wcus
porv |#o orqt|-xHorugu-w4}Nu*g cNqQ}#x;}Nz zt|#uw
orv z
h$$z?q?xHz xHuCqQ}$|Nz o ztPNz
g u}NvHzts |-xHoruNvd }Nz }Nor}Nzts xF}Nz |so |Nq?z xF}Nz szt|-xHzts xF}Nz
z
h$$z?q?xHz qQ}$|NzdSecxorvivHu z?xYo z?vvF|-o x;}$|-x{xF}Nz |so |Nq?z4orv | zt|-v$c$szuw |ucNvYzts
v:yt , o@t :$o
o xF}Nz zt| wcus
d }Nz |so |Nq?z u-w x;}Nzo skoMq?}Nrz?x orvHx;so9}>cNxHoruCoMvio zt }
* & * &
t
>
}NcNv
orv| s@z !z?q?xHoru u-wbxF}Nz\cNvHzts
v q?u ztNq?zd
e | $ oMxYoMuN vc$$$uvHzCg{zg{ztszo NorxHo |-rrq?u Nrz?xHz?r orNuNsH|x |}BucNx | u |-o SxF}$|-x orv uc$s
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru
g|-vo zt }PKb c$|-xYoMuN gorxF}Czt|-qQ}Cz
h$$uNztx
d c$$BuvHzug{z
xF}Nzt2vF|g
qt|-vHz?vIgorxF}2v$c q?orztxvHxF|-xHorvHxYoMq?v
8
d }Nzt } 2b>c$|-xHoru t$ uc$s$sorus
g{ucN }BzxF}Nz4o sorq?}NMz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruCo zt }2b>c$|-xHoru d
}cNv g{z qt|P|-vHvHz?vYv
|-v|@o ?BAN=q <l 2#o@tMvBp
\l 2#o:prq ro xF}Nzc }$zts u-w u}NvHzts |-xHoruNvIg{z
g{ucN }$| z }$| xHu'}$| zvHz?ztpvHx;|sxHo N w su q?u Nrz?xHz orNusY|Nq?z o pus ztsixYu'}$| zx;}Nzv;| z
q?u ztNq?zpo
xF}$|-xug{zp|-q?x$c$|-rrS}$| zdus z
h | NMz g{z g uNcN u}NxF|-o xF}Nz<$suN}$|}NorMorx
+
7>:_UC*7>38CPSA7>:*5$C*79D
@5$7>38-168-- 3O5_D\, -38C.NP64<97>b,QS E 64- ST7>::*3`NP,5$7>NP,:1Q64<9<>,S!64- 3PD\,PNP38C.,
Z
U
C.,1W7>:*,OE Z
,;:$+38@<>S0:*68=?5$+ 6O5R,6`1 +g,O U\34- ,W-
5R7>:_,"!O@ 64<M5*3P:*3ONP,-A@ NfD\,.C_1.<>3O:*, 5*3Pb,WC.3
Y
B
J YLV\`V
YZ5G` `+XA`
V\Z VCXMYL]\_LX]Y
}NzNuxHoru u-w |sH| u vF| Nrz{ztNztsH|Mo#?z?v{xHu u |-o Nvbq?ux;|-o No N usz{xF}$|4uNNz |sko |}NMzi|-v
g{z?rd & o zt| u |-o
Z
A 8O g{z qt| o |-o Nz4| cNrxHo |so |-xYz4$}NvHorqt|- $suN}$|}NorMorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru w0uNs
Gd e_w
q?ux;|-o NvuNNM oMvYqtsz?xHz |so |}Nrz?v x;}NoMv orvHxFsko }>cNxYoMuN#oMv cNvHx| NoMxYz
q?urrz?q?xHoru u-w orvHqtsz?xHz $}NvHorqt|-$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?v@dJe_w
Pq?ux;|-o NvbuNrq?uNxHo NcNucNv |so |}Nrz?v xF}Norv oMv
xFso9}>cNxHoru q?uNcN }$z50zd Md | cNrxHo |so |-xHz
Nus |- oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoru q?}$|sH|-q?xHztsko?z } | zt| z?q?xHus
| q?u |so |Nq?z |xFso#hAd & o zt |4sH| u vF| Nrz w sku |$}NvHorqt|-e$su}$|}NoMrorx orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru g{z
qt|:c$ |-xYz uc$s{$soruskv|}$ucNx xF}Nzj$|sH| z?xHztskv)u-wexF}Nz orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruEd }Norvc$ |-xHo N orv{z?vFBz?q?o |Mr
vHo NrzIg }Nzt q?u cN|-xHz4$skoMuNsv{wcus{xF}Nz4$|sY| z?xHztsvi|sz4| |-or |}Nrz 0vHz?z4z & suux & d
~ u*g }Nu*g{z zts rz?xGcNvq?uNvYo zts xF}Nz wcurruQg o N g sko >frzd c$$BuvHzug{z5fNNu*g xF}$|-xixF}Norv cN
xHo |so |-xHzW$}vYoMqt| $sku}$|}NorroMx orvHx;so9}>cNxHoru qt| }$z#ztNq?u z o vYu z $|sxHorq@cN |s |&z?vHo |
Nz?x+g{usfivHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz d z |&4}$| z)uxHxHztx;}NoMvbo wcus |xHoru Pw0uNsz
h | NMOz PwKsu uNc$sqt|cNvF|-
fNNuQg Mz z |}$ucNxixF}Nz u |-o EdeKx;}NoMvvYz?q?xHoru g{z4q?uNvHo ztsixF}Nz xF|-v$f uw)Mzt|sHNo NxF}Nz$|sY|
z?xHztsviu- w d{ z orvHq@cNvYv uNrCxF}Nz4vFBz?q?o |- qt|vHz\g }Nztskz|-rxF}Nz |so |}Nrz?vo
|skz oMvYqtsz?xHz |
|
ztNuxHz xF}Nz$|sH| z?xHztskvG_oxd zd $}vHorqt|-b$su}$|}NoMrorxHorz?v w0usxF}N.
z
uo xivF$|-q?z
orv w |-rvHz | vHu
u-w
g }Nztsz
e| vHuu g }NztskOz Pw0us z
h | NrOz
oMv xF}Nz
$}vHorqt|-$sku}$|}NorroMx |-vHvYuq?o |-xHz gorxF} xF}Nz{z ztxLg }Nzts#z orvbxFs4cNzd7e xborv)Nux o q@cNrx)xHuivF}Nu*gPxF}$|-x
xF}Norv|vHvHztsxHoru@oMvz
b>cNo |-rztxxYu'xF}Nz |vHvHztsxHoru@xF}$|-xxF}Nz |xF|}$|-vHz qt|P}Bz z?q?u $uvYz o xHu
x+g{u cNMxYo Nu o |-bvF| Nrz?v xF}Nzu}NvHzts |-xHoruNvu-w p|skz| cNrxHo Nu o |-bvF| NMzIgorxF}p$|sY| z?xHzts
y|x
y|x
y|x
y|x
case 1
case 1
case 2
case 2
M
(a)
(b)
borc$sz Jc| ]~ |&z?vYo |
Nz?xg{us4fivHxFscNq?x$c$skzbwcusb|x+g{u*}No $|s |so |}Nrz u |-o )vF}Nu*go N
q?u orxHoru$|-o ztBzt ztNq?oMz&v<|-vYvHuq?o |-xYz g oMx;}PxF}Nzp|-vHvHztsxYoMuNPxF}$|-x xF}Nz |-x;|}$|-vHzorv'| sH| u
vF| NMz wKsu xF}Nz vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz
d x} ~ NuxF}Nzts |tz?vHo |
Nz?x+g uNsfpvHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz vF}Nu*go N xF}Nz
| $ z |-vHv$c NxYoMuN u-w $|sH| z?xHzts o zt$zt ztNq&zd
e CxF}Nzsz |-o ztsiu-w)xF}NorvvHz?q?xHoru g{z4v;}$|-r)|-vHv$c z xF}$|-x|-r $|sH| z?xHztskvj|skz4o zt$zt ztx@d
zpqt|-rxF}Norv<|vHv$c NxHoru So xFsu cNq?z } Norz?z? }$|-rxHztsp| e|c$sorx?zt t lz+l\Io@vxoz
qst , o o@t , o@t :$od/e z?q?xHoru $ g z orvHq@cNvYv z?xF}Nu v{w0uNs}$| ro N ztBzt ztx4$|sY| z?xHztsvd
u'q?u Nrz?xHz x;}Nz orvHq@cNvHvYoMuN g{z Nz?z vHu z NuxF|-xHoruEd ]z?x ztNuxHz xF}Nz |-vYvHztsxHoru_us
} BuxF}Nz?vHorv xF}$|x'| |-x;|}$|-vHz orv<|#sH| u v;| NrzpwKsu | |&z?vHo |Nz?x+g{usf#vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz
d & o zt2xF}Norv Nz?x+g{usfCvHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz rz?x }BzxF}Nzc }$zts u-w vHxF|xHz?v4u-w |so |}Nrz | Mz?x
}$z xF}Nz Nc }$zts u-wvHxF|xHz?vu-w / d5 z?x
ztNuxHz xF}Nz $}NvHorqt|- $suN}$|}NorMorx u-w
& o zt / dSe | $ orxHoru rz?x
o q?u c$Nq?xHorugorxF}
g N} ztsz orv vHu zuxF}NztsNuNs |-ro#t|-xHoruCq?uNvHx;|xd2Ac$sx;}Nzts usz |$NrNo N2b>c$|-xHoru 3 xHu tz |-q?}
cNrxHo Nu o |-evF| Nrz g{ziqt| q?u >cNxHzixF}Nz$su}$|}Norrorx
xF}$|-x{zt|-q?} | / o $
xF}Nz4Nz
hNx qt|vHzxHuu}$z vHz?zt'|&wcxHzts xF}Nz |-xF|}$|-vYz
$
g }Nztsz
|
J YLV\`V C XMYL]\_LX]Y
;
t
Ke xF}Nz $skz orucNv{vHz?q?xHoru g{zq?uNvHo ztsz xF}Nz vHorx$c$|-xHoru^g }Nztszg{z |szc$Nq?ztsxF|-o |}BucNxbxF}Nz$}Nv+
orqt|- $suN}$|}NorMorxHorz?v }>cNx{q?ztsxF|-o |}BucNxxF}NzNz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?xc$sz x;}$|-x{ztNq?u z?vx;}Nz?vHz4$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?v@d
~ uQg v$c$$$uvHzug{z|skz4Nux uNNM c$Nq?ztsxF|-o p|}BucNx x;}Nz $sku}$|}NorroMxYoMz?v }>cNx4|-rvHuc$Nq?ztsxF|-o p|}BucNx
xF}NzvYxFscNq?x$c$sz xF}$|-x)ztNq?u z?v{xF}Nz d ~ vig oMx;} |vYz?x)u-wez ztxHv g z qt| z
h$$sz?vHv xF}Norvc$Nq?ztsxF|-o x
}'|-vHvHorNo N<| $sorus$suN}$|}NorMorx xYu zt|-q?}<BuvHvHo9}Nrz } BuxF}Nz?vHorv dAc$skxF}Nzts uskz g{z
qt|c$ |-xHzxF}Nz?vHz$su}$|}NoMrorxHorz?v4|-vJg{zvHz?ziqt|-vHz?v@dSe vHu uo N g{ziMzt|sH|}$uNcNxxF}NzivHxFscNq?x$c$skz u-w
xF}Nz u |-o Ed
~ vo x;}NzW$sz oMuNcNv<vYz?q?xHoru rz?x ztNuxHz xF}Nz NuQg c$Nq?ztskxF|-o }$$ux;}Nz?vHorv<x;}$|-xxF}Nz
|-xF|}$|-vHz orv|<sY| u vF| Nrz w su x;}Nz |&z?vYo |PNz?xg{us4fpvHxFscNq?xc$sz d su |&z?v
xF}Nz?uskz g{zj}$| z
;
t
g }Nztsz orv| Nus |-rot|xHoruq?uNvYxF|x@d ~ rvHu w su x;}Nz$su cNq?x scNrz g z4}$| z
_
L
>@
vHo N'x;}Nz?vHz $ uvHxHztsorus $ su}$|}NorrorxHorz?v | Kb $c |-xYoMuN t$ g z |&'q?u > cNxYz xF}Nz $suN}$|}NorMorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru wcus Fx }Nz<Nz
hNx tq |-vHzCxHu }Bz<uN}NvHzts z &| w0xYztsIg{z'}$| z'Hv z?ztg| -| x;|}$|-vHzd su xF}Nz
z
h$$|NvHoru's4cNMz g{z u}NxF|-o
$
^
_
$
N} ztsz |sz xF}$sz?z o $uNsxF|xBuo xHvxHu }$z | z |}BucNx4x;}NoMv |$$sku|-q?}Ed Nz orxqt|#}$|
$zt xF}$|-xx+g{u |&z?vHo |
Nz?x+g{usfpvHx;scNq?x$c$sz?v szt$sz?vYztx z
h$|-q?xHr#xF}NzvF| z vHz?xYvuw $suN}$|}NorMorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruNvd z vF|& xF}$|xxF}Nz4x+g{uvHxFscNq?xc$sz?vj|szuo;?3Aq9<@l 2otMvS zts | | zt|s /& dKus
z
h$| Nrz w0us xF}NzixF}$sz?z |so |}Nrz u |-o R zt|-q?}u-wxF}Nz Nz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?xc$sz?v
| szt$sz?vHztxHvxF}Nz orvHx;so9}>cNxHoruNv\g }Nztskz | '|szq?u orxHoru$|-rr
o zt$zt ztx u-w d {uNvHz
b>cNztxYM xF}Nz?vHz Nz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?xc$sz?v4|sz z
b>cNo |-rztx@d ~ v4|NuxF}Nztsz
h
| Nrz 6
| :\y 2#o@vxo:tMovxw2yz{:p
vx;z A7:@4v ANz+oorv4uNzxF}$|-x}$|-v4Nu orvHvYo NCz z?v SxF}$|xoMv orxztNq?u z?v
Nu |-vHvHztskxHoruNv4u-wq?u orxHoru$| o ztBzt ztNqtzd ~ u |-o 2q?ux;|-o No N
|so |}Nrz?v }$|v
q?u
Nrz?xHzNz?x+g{usf vHx;scNq?x$c$sz?v uNz4Nz?x+g uNsf vHxFscNq?x$c$skziw0us zt|-q?}$uvHvHo9}NrzuNs ztso N u-w x;}Nz |so |}Nrz?v@d
~ M q?u Nrz?xHzNz?xg{us4fpvHxFscNq?xc$sz?vwcus|Co zt u |-o #szt$sz?vHztxxF}NzvF| z uo x $suN}$|}NorMorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruNv $| z?r |-r BuvHvHo9}Nrz orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruNv | |szxF}Nztsz;wcuszz
b>cNo |-rztx@d
e PztNztsY|- x+g{uWNz?x+g uNsf vYxFscNq?x$c$sz?v|szz
b>cNo |-rztx'o w | uNrSo w4xF}Nz?S}$| zCxF}Nz'v;| z
vHxFs4cNq?x$c$szorNuso N|sq o sz?q?xHoruNv4| xF}NzvF| z KvYxFscNq?x$c$sz?vu zts | | zt|s & d ~ <
p
vx;z A7:@4v ANz+oorv | us ztsz xc$NMz5 R v$cNqQ} x;}$|-x{xF}NztszioMvi||sq w sku xHu | w su xHu
}>cNxNu |skq\}$z?x+g{z?zt p| d vHo N xF}Norv q?}$|sH|-q?xYztso#t|-xHoruuw Nz?xg{us4f*KvHx;scNq?x$c$szz
b>cNo |-rztNq?z
}Norq
f-ztso N t }$|-v qtszt|xHz |2z q?orztx|-rusorxF} w0us o ztxHo w0No NS|-r |tz?vHo |
Nz?x+g uNsf
vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz?vxF}$|x|szz
b cNo |-rztxxHu |o ztNz?x+g{usfvHx;scNq?x$c$szd
& o ztpxF}$|-x orv4x;}Nz |vHvHztsxHoru@xF}$|-xxF}Nz $}vHorqt|-{$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?vwcusixF}N-z uo xv;$|-q?z u-w
}Nz vHz?q?uN o $usx;|x$uo x |}BucNxxF}Norv |$$su|qQ}porv x;}$|-x o g sorxHo N 2b>c$|-xHoru $ g{z
}$| z|-vHv$c z x;}$|-xxF}Nz'}$$uxF}Nz?vHorv z
b>cNo |-rztNq?zpq? |-vHvHz?v |sz cNx$c$|-rrWz
hNq?9cNvHo zde Sszt|-rorx
xF}Nz?vHzp}$$uxF}Nz?vHz?v|sz'Nux cNx$c$|-rrPz
hq?9cNvHo zd usz
h$| Nrz o guc$s xg{u* |so |}Nrz u |-o
}$uxF} Nz?x+g{usfCvHxFscNq?xc$sz?0
v
| xF}Nz z Nx@Nz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?xc$sz qt|2ztNq?u z$|sH| z?xHztsv
vF|-xYoMvkw0No NWxF}NzCz
b c$|Morx
d }Nztsz;wcusz xF}Nzp}$$uxF}Nz?vHz?v|-vHvHuNq?o |-xHz g oMx;}PxF}Nz?vHzpNu
z
b>cNo |-rztx Nz?x+g{usf vHx;scNq?x$c$sz?viu zts |EdI~uNz?x;}Nz?Mz?vYv o pxF}Norv4|$$sku|-q?} g z |-vYv$c zxF}$|-xixF}Nz
$sorusvu2$|sH| z?xYztsvwcus4| o ztWNz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?x$c$skz }$| z5}Buc$ z P ztNvHorxHorz?v | }NztNq?z
xF}Nzu zts | uw } BuxF}Nz?vHz?vCgorr/}$z u-w zt|-v$c$sz?ztskuMd
bo $|-rr o g skoMxYo N2b>c$|-xHoru $ g{z}$| zro orxHz uc$svHz? z?vixHu }$$uxF}Nz?vYz?v q?usYsz?vF$uN o N
xHu'|-vYvHztsxHoruNv xF}$|-x4x;}Nz $}NvHorqt|-{$su}$|}Norrorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru2u-wxF}N-z uo x4vF$|-q?z q?u z?vwKsu uNz
$|sxYoMq@cN |s Nz?xg{us4f'vYxFscNq?x$c$szdp2zqt|Wskz? |hWxF}Norv |vHv$c NxHoru |-vHv$c o N x;}$|-x4xF}Nz'$}NvHorqt|-
$su}$|}NoMrorx orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru qt| }Bz ztNq?u z o | provu-w Nz?x+g{usf#vYxFscNq?x$c$sz?vd eK xF}Norv<$|Bzts
}Nu*g{z zts g{z u Nux >c$svcNz4xF}NorvztNztsY|-rot|xHoruEd
e '$so Nq?o Nrz xF}Nz|$$su|qQ}:g{z4}$| z orvHq@cNvYvHz o xF}NorvvHz?q?xHoru oMviz?vHvHztxHo |-rr<|-rxF}NztszorvxHu
rzt|sHNo N'Nz?x+g{usfvHx;scNq?x$c$szdJeKp$sH|-q?xYoMq?z g }Nzt xF}Nz\cNvHztsC}$z?rorz z?v4xF}$|xuNr'| wcz
g|-rxHztsY$|-xHo z
Nz?x+g{usf vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz?v|sz $uvHvYo }Nrz }Nz qt| o skz?q?xHrW|-vHvHz?vYvxF}Nz $sorusviwcusixF}Nz $uvHvYo }NrzNz?x+g uNsf
vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz?v4| x;}Nz?o s$|sY| z?xHztsv | v$c>}NvHz
b>cNztxHr cNvHz5Kb c$|-xYoMuNNv > | # usixF}Nz?o s zt
ztsH|-ro#t|-xHoruNv w0us q?uxHo cNucNv |so |}Nrz?v | orvHvYo N |-xF|>d us z
h | Nrz i c$xHo Nz t*N }$|-v
z?vHorNz | vHu-wcx+g|szvHNvHxHz g }Nztsz@}<|:cNvHzts vF$z?q?oz?v }Norv4$sorusviwcus| vHz?xiu-w $uvHvHo9}Nrz u z?Mv
cNvHo N |&z?vHo |'Nz?x+g{usfvio p| |$Nzts vHo or |sixHu xF}$|-xivF}Nu*g o borc$sz d }NzvHNvHxHz xF}Nzt
q?u Norrz?vxF}NorvvFBz?q?oqt|-xHoruCo xHu |q?u >cNxHztsi$suNsH| xF}$|-x{rzt|sHNv w sku | |-xF|}$|vHzd
~ uNz?xF}Nz?rz?vHv x;}Nz c }Bztsu-w Nz?x+g{usfvYxFscNq?x$c$sz?v w0uNs| u |o @q?ux;|-o No N
|so |}Nrz?voMv
uskz x;}$| z
h BuNztxYo |o Ldb{uNvYz
b cNztxHr g }Nzt xF}NzcNvHzts qt|$Nuxbz
hNq? c z|- uvYx)|-ru-w]xF}Nz?vHz
Nz?x+g{usfvHx;scNq?x$c$sz?v xF}Nztskzj|skzvHz ztsH|-orvHv$cNz?vixF}$|-x cNvHx}$zq?uNvHo ztsz dJeKC$|sxHorq@cN |s q?u >c
xF|-xYoMuN$|-eq?uNvHx;sH|-o xYv qt|p$sz ztxcNvwKsu v$c o Nu zts |-r xF}Nz } BuxF}Nz?vHz?vio 2b>c$|-xHoru d
|Rg{z |$$su*hNo |-xHz $
^ |-q?q@c$sH|-xHz?r }Wsz?x;|-o No N2uNrW|Cv |-rbwKsH|-q?xYoMuN u-wixF}Nz?vHz
} BuxF}Nz?vHz?v o xF}Nzv$c e_wevHu gi}NoMq?} }$$ux;}Nz?vHz?v)vF}NuNcN g{z{o Nq?9c z e | $ orxHoru }Nu*gPqt|Ig{z
z q?orztxHr<|-vHvYoMN'$sorusi$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?v4xHu xF}Nz |'Nz?x+g{usfvYxFscNq?x$c$sz?v| xF}Nz?o s $|sY| z?xHztsv
eK xF}Nzv$c>}NvHz?q?xYoMuNNv xF}$|x{w0uMru*g g{zq?uNvYo zts zt|-q?} u-wbxF}Nz?vHzorvHv$cNz?v@d
}Nz uvHxo $uNsxF|x4orvHv$cNz orv\g }Nz?x;}Nzts\g{zqt|#|$$su*hNo |-xHz $
^ g{z?ricNvHo N1cNvHx4|
v |MbNc }Bztsuw Nz?xg{us4f*KvHx;scNq?x$c$sz4} BuxF}Nz?vHz?vd }NorvCb cNz?vHxYoMuN'orv o q@cNrx4xHu |Nvg{ztso CxF}Nz
us dJ~ uNz?xF}Nz?rz?vHv vHz ztsH| sz?vHzt|skqQ}Nztsvi}$| zvF}Nu*g z
h Bztso ztxF|-rr<x;}$|-xz ztC|vHo Nrz HuNu
C.,6`:*34- 64D
<>,5*3T6`S38U5P6 ,64eL,WCP6`:*:$@N U5$7>38- 3" ! "$#&%$'( $)+* , +
7>1*+:*68=A:P5$+ 6O5 5$+,#34D :*,WC.B86O5$7>38-:#79- 6
S
6O5*64D 6O:*, 168--3`5 + ,W<9U05*3PSA7>:*1WC*7>Nd79- 6O5*,#5 Z3d,O! @7>B864<>,.-
5f- ,5 34C*ec:*5$C*@1Q5$@C.,:Y
t
$
#
>
Treatment
u
Disease
Symptom 1
Disease
Symptom 1
...
...
Symptom n
Symptom 2
Symptom n
Symptom 2
(a)
(b)
borc$sz6 c| ~ |&z?vHo |gNz?x+g uNsfCwcus z orqt|- o |-NNuvHorv@d x} ~ q?usHsz?vFBu o NWo !AcNztNq?z
o |-sH| w0uNs z oMqt| xFskzt|-x ztx@d
xHuCq?u >cNxHz xF}Nz ~ e | e z?xFsorq?v usz z q?orztxHr _vYz?z z?q?xHoru d d z ztsH||cNxF}Nusv
}$| z orvHq@cNvHvYz vHo or |s$sY|-q?xHorqt|-|$$suN|-qQ}Nz?v w0uNs)|-vHvYoMNNo NxF}Nz?vYz $sorusvOg }Nzt | vHxFscNq?xc$sz?v
|sz$uvYvHo9}NMzcuuBzts | ztsv$f-u oMxYv tt>> c$xHo Nz 2t Norz?z? }$|-rxHztsz?x|-xd &>
z?qrf-zts | z?x |-xd t } d/eK xF}Norv vYz?q?xHoru g{z z?vHqtso9}$zxF}Nz4|$$su|-q?} u-wSz?q
f-zts | z?x |-xd
}Nz?o s |$$su|-q?}#orv5}$|-vHz uP|psz?v$cNrx w su & z?orzts | z?q
f-zts | & d ~ | z?r o w
|-r |Mru*g{z | cNz?vu-w{xF}Nz $}vYoMqt| $su}$|}NoMrorxHorz?v |skz BuvHvHo9}Nrz xF}Nzt2$|sH| z?xYztsio ztBzt ztNq?z
| } BuxF}Nz?vHorv'z
b>cNo |-rztNq?z o NrxF}$|-xxF}Nz $}vYoMqt|4$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?vpw0uNs q?u NMz?xYzWNz?x+g uNsf
vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz?v cNvHx }$| zio sorqQ}Nrz?x oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoruNv |-v{vFBz?q?oz o 2b>c$|-xHoru
gorxF} xF}Nz q?uNNvHxFsH|-o x
* & /
*
g }Nztsz
orvxF}NzcNvHzts v z
b cNo |-rztx v;| NrzvHo#?z wcus xF}Nz u |o orvxF}Nz}$$uxF}Nz?vHorvq?us&
sz?vFBu o NpxHu'|'q?u Nrz?xHzNz?x+g{usf vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz | * / oMv xF}Nz5cNvHzts v
$su}$|}NoMrorxxF}$|-cx & | / o CxF}NzC svHxqt|vHzxHuu}$z vHz?zto x;}Nz |-xF|}$|-vYzd
i zts xF}Nz?vHzq?u orxHoruNv xF}Nz'$sorusvu#$|sH| z?xHztsv w0us |-r{q?u Nrz?xHz'Nz?x+g{usfCvHxFscNq?xc$sz?v
|&}$z z?xHzts o Nz } @ q?uNvHx;scNq?xHo N'| $skoMuNs Nz?x+g{usf wcus{xF}Nz svYx qt|-vYz4xHu}$zvHz?zt wKsu
g }Norq?}xF}Nz$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?vo Kb c$|-xYoMuN * |&}$z4q?u >cNxHz M | |-vHvYz?vHvHo N x;}Nzz
b cNo |Mztx
vF| NMzvHo#?z0od zd q?uN ztNq?z o CxF}$|-x$sorusNz?x+g uNsfMde z?q?xHoru g{z4o z |Cz
h$| Nrzu-w |
$sorusNz?x+g{usfWd
u z?xHzts o Nz $sorusvw0us $|sH| z?xYztsv{u-w o Nq?u NMz?xYzNz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?x$c$skz?v z?q
f-zts | z?x |-xd
t } cNvHz xF}Nz|-vHv$c NxYoMuN u-Pw >lz+\l Io@vxo@
z Iy , A72#lzqFvxn|g }Norq?} vF|&Nv4xF}$|x4o zt#x+g{u'Nz?x+g uNsf
vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz?v
| \ o w }$|vxF}NzvF| z4$|sztxHvo
| \ xF}Nzt
_
\
*
%
/
g N} ztsz1%* 3/ oMv uNrW| w(c$Nq?xHorupu-wc | orxHv$|sztxHv@dnpuvHx |&z?vHo | | NuN |&z?vYo |
z?xFskoMq?v |sz z?q?u BuvF|}Nrzd & o ztg| z?q?u $uvF|}Nrz z?x;sorq g{zqt|#q?u $|sz xF}NzvHq?usz wcus
x+g{u<Nz?x+g{usfpvHx;scNq?x$c$sz?vxF}$|-x oeztsu}WxF}Nz| $ orxHoru us z?Mz?xYoMuNPu-w4|sq?v $uo xHo N#xHu }
q?u >cNxYo N uNr xF}Nz4xHzts %N* / w0usB}$uxF} vYxFscNq?x$c$sz?vd
bo svYx rz?xkcNviq?uNvHo ztsixF}Nz vF$z?q?o |-bqt|vHzu-w2 o NxF}NzNz?x+g{usf vHxFs4cNq?x$c$szgorxF} xF}Nz}Nor}Nz?vHx
vHq?uskz | uNNj|-r$vHx;scNq?x$c$sz?vo \gi}NoMq?}z ztsk4Nu z}$|-v)|-x uvYxeuNz$|sztx@dus zt|-qQ}|skq
_o Nq?9c o Nqt|vHz?v2g }Nzts#z orv{cNr ? g{z|-vHvYuq?o |-xHz{|Cg{z?oMN}x I* ` ru %N* 9 ru % d
sku 2b>c$|-xHoru $ g z4}$| z
ru
Mu%N*
G*
\
ru N% *
g N} ztsz
orv{xF}Nzuc$uvYvHo9}NM cNre$|sztx)uw d }Nzi |-vHx{xHzts o 5Kb c$|-xYoMuN \ orv{xF}NzivF| zw0us |-r
Nz?x+g{usf vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz?v@d }cNv | uN xF}Nz Nz?x+g{usf vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz?vo g }Norq?}pzt|-q?}<Nu z }$|-v4|x uvHx
uNz$|sztx sY|>fo N Nz?x+g{usfvYxFscNq?x$c$sz?vI}2v$c u-wg{z?or}xHv
G*
us} vHq?usz }$|-v
xF}NzvF| z4sz?v$cNrx@d
bo o N xF}NzjNz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?x$c$skzgorxF} xF}Nz4}Nor}Nz?vHxg{z?or}x{oMv| vF$z?q?o |-qt|-vHziu-w)|g z?rfNNuQgi
$su}Nrz u-w o N&
I$l Q$q A 1
z+lt :qst -p z?vHqtso9}Bz Pw0us z
h$| NrzOSo |Nv | npo Norz@ft|
t>@ d }Nz<$sku}Nrz oMv z Nz |-v wcurMu*gvd ~ vxzoo !02#q9{*otWo@vxw2yz4{orv'| q?u$Nz?q?xYz o sz?q?xYz
|-q?Nq?roMqNsH|$}o ^g }NorqQ} Nu4x+g{uz z?v |sz o sz?q?xHz o xHu4xF}Nz vF| z Nu zd }NzsuNuxbu-w |x;sz?zKro fz
Nz?x+g{usforv|\c$No#b>cNz4Nu zixF}$|-x)}$|v Nu4z z?v o sz?q?xYz o xHuoMxd ~ 1
zlt :NqFt - orv | o sz?q?xHz wcusz?vHx
$
*
%
%N*
_
*
%N*
ZBY [
\
22
10
17
25
18
26
21
13
15
19
20
31
27
11
28
29
34
32
36
35
12
37
24
33
16
23
14
(a)
30
case # x1
22
19
R
6
10
21
20
31
27
15
R
32
11
34
16
23
35
36
37
A
D
17
A
25
18
D 26
R
28
29
12
24
R
33
x2
x3
x37
13
10,000
14
30
(b)
O
3
(c)
22
6
17
25
18
26
10
21
19
20
31
27
28
29
11
13
D
15
32
34
35
12
3
30
16
23
36
37
24
33
14
(d)
borc$sz c| i }Nz ~ |s Nz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?xc$szdGx} ~ $sorusNz?x+g{usf ztNq?u o Np|5cNvHzts
vk}Bz?roMz;wcv
|}BucNxxF}Nz ~ |s u |-o Ed5_q ~ t$ Kqt|-vYz |-xF|}$|-vYz4ztNztsH|xHz w su xF}Nz ~ |s Nz?xg{us4fMd
M }NzjNz?x+g{usf rzt|sHNz w su xF}Nz$sorus)Nz?x+g{usf| | t$ qt|-vHz |-xF|}$|-vYzztNztsH|-xYz wKsu
xF}Nz ~ |s Nz?x+g{usfWd ~ sq?vixF}$|-x |skz| $ z e z?rz?xHz e usisz ztsvHz gorxF}'skz?vF$z?q?xixHu xF}NuvHz4o CxF}Nz
~ |s Nz?x+g{usfC|sz o orqt|-xHz gorxF} ~ | y sz?vF$z?q?xYo z?Md |f-zt w su z?q
f-zts |pz?x
|-xd & }Ed
u-w{xF}Nz ~ |s Nz?x+g{usf xF}$|CxF}$|x u-w{xF}Nz $sorusNz?x+g{usfWdEc$sxF}Nzts usz xF}Nz
uo x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru
ztNq?u z }x;}Nz4rzt|sHNz Nz?x+g{usf orv cNqQ} q?MuvHztsixHu xF}$|-xu-w)x;}Nz ~ |s Nz?x+g uNsf xF}$| xF}$|-xu-w
xF}Nz4$sorus Nz?xg{us4fMd2eK$|sxHorq@cN |s g }Nztskzt|-vxF}NzqtsuvHvztxFsu u-w x;}Nz.
uo x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruNviu-wbxF}Nz
$sorusNz?x+g{usfg oMx;}Wsz?v;$z?q?x xHuCxF}$|-x u-wxF}Nz ~ |s Nz?x+g{usforv d B x;}Nz qtsuvHvztxFsupu-wxF}Nz
uo x oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoru u-w]xF}Nzrzt|sHNz Nz?x+g{usfagorxF} sz?vFBz?q?x{xHuxF}$|-xbu-wexF}Nz ~ |s Nz?x+g uNsforv d d
}Nzrzt|sHNo N'|-ruskoMx;} }$|-vizez?q?xHo z?rPcNvHz xF}Nz |-x;|}$|-vHz xHu Hq?usYsz?q?x xF}Nz$sorusCfNNuQg Mz z
u-wbxF}Nz\cNvHzts
d
` E `V J X
eKpszt| |-xF|}$|vHz?v u}NvHzts |-xHoruNviu-w)uNzus uNsz |so |}Nrz?v4o CuNz4uNs uNszqt|-vHz?v4|skz4x Norqt|-rr
orvHvHo NMd2e 4x;}NoMvbvYz?q?xHoru g{z)q?uNvHo zts z
hxHztNvYoMuNNvbxHu $sz orucNv z?xF}Nu vbxF}$|-xeqt|4}$| rz orvHvYo N
|-xF|d 2zqt|cNxHoruCxF}Nz szt| ztsixF}$|-xixF}Nz z?xF}Nu vg{z oMvYq@cNvHv4|-vHv$c zx;}$|-xgi}Nz?xF}NztsiusNux|
u}NvHzts |-xHoru2orv orvHvHo N orv o ztBzt ztx u-w xF}Nz|-q?x$c$|)vHxF|xHz?v4u-wixF}Nz |so |}Nrz?v@dRus z
h | NMz
xF}Nz?vHz z?xF}Nu vi|szNux |$$suN$so |-xHziwcus{| z oMqt| |-x;|}$|-vHzCg }Nztsz |-x;||}$ucNx s4cN skz?vF$uNvYz
orv oMvYvHo N o x;}NuvHz4$|-xHorztxHvg }Nu:}$z?qt| z xHuNuvYoMq
f xHuxF|fzxF}Nz scNMdbnpz?xF}Nu v{wcus{| $ sz?vHvYo N
zt$zt ztNq?orz?vo pu orvHvYoMuNNv4}$| zG}$z?ztCz
h$Nrusz }_zd Md yc>}No t ? y{uN}No Nv5 t\ 7 |
zt|sS & d
bo svHx rz?x\cNvq?uNvYo zts xF}NzvHo Nrz vHorx$c$|-xYoMuN g }NztszIg{zu}NvHzts z| vHo Nrz o Nq?u Nrz?xHz qt|-vHz o
u |o $
Id]z?x ztNuxHz4x;}Nz |so |}Nrz?vNuxuN}NvHzts z o CxF}Nz4qt|-vYzd ztsixF}Nz|-vHv$c NxHoruu-w
$|sH| z?xHzts o zt$zt ztNqtz g{zqt| q?u >cNxHzx;}Nz4$uvHxYztsorus orvHx;so9}>cNxHoruCu-w
|v{w0uMru*gv
*
/
G
/
!
P
/
*
P
/
)|qQ}CxHzts o Cq@c$srP}$sH|-q
f-z?xHvo PKb c$|-xYoMuN orv| o sorq?}Nrz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruEd }cNv c$Nrz?vHvG}BuxF}
xF}Nz $uvHxHztsorus orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruCu-w
gorM
| |-rxF}Nz |so |}Nrz?vo / |sz u}NvHzts z o Cqt|-vHz
= 64=#3 13ONdU 64C*7>:*38-E\5$+ ,1WC.3`:*: ,.-
5$C.34U
=?3 64-g,NdU 5$=P-,Q5 Z38C*eZ+ 3O:*,UC.38D68D79<97>5$7V,: 64C.,S
,5*,WC.Nd79- ,S C.3`N
5$+ ,NP64C.a879-68<>:3" 5$+ , <>64C.N - ,5 Z
38C*e 7>5$+cC.,:$U\,1Q5_5*3P5$+ 6O5R3" 5$+ , <>68C.N -,Q5 Z38C*e?7>:
Y
Y
}$z| ro Nzt|siq?u }No $|-xHoru u-wbo skoMq?}Nrz?x orvHxFsko }>cNxYoMuNNv@d cNq?} orvHxFsko }>cNxYoMuNNv4|sz4vYu z?xHo z?vqt|Mrz
qFzq=: 2#o@vIq Qv4ANzo
p | xF}Nz$su}$|}NoMrorxHorz?vG / | * & /
4 |skzqt|-rMz Iq Qqst-:$yo :qFotMvsp
d
e0w/g{zu}NvHzts z x+g{uqt|-vHz?v xF}Nzt xF}NzvYoMxc$|-xHoru}$z?q?u z?v uskz q?u NMz
h }Bz?qt|cNvHz4x;}Nzq?u >c
xF|-xYoMuN4uwxF}Nz o#ho N4q?uNz q?orztxHv)o u z?vL o N4xF}Nz zt|Nvbu-w o sorq?}NMz?x o#hxc$sz?v@d2eKztNztsH|-
|-vbvF}Nu*g :_zd Md o {uNu$ztsb| ztsv$fu orxHv t? x;}Nz q?u >cNxF|-xHoru$|$q?u Nrz
horx4uw xF}Nz{z
h$|-q?x
q?u >cNx;|-xHoru u-w qt|}Bz4z
h$$uNztxHo |-o xF}NzNc }$zts{uw orvHvYo N |so |}Nrz4ztxFsorz?vio
xF}Nz |-x;|}$|-vHzd
}cNv o p$sH|-q?xHorq?z g{zsz
b>cNo sz |p|$$su*hNo |-xHoruEd Nz |$$sku|-q?}orvxHu|$$su*ho |xHz4zt|-q?}
q?usHskz?q?x4$uvHxYztsorus orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru
gorxF} | vHo Nrz o sorq?}NMz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru | q?uxHo cNz xHucNvHz
2b>c$|-xHoru |-ruN5g oMx;}'x;}Nzwcus cN |wcus xF}Nz zt|'uw | o sorqQ}Nrz?x orvHx;so9}>cNxHoruEd z ztsH| v$cNq?}
|$$su*hNo |-xHoruNv }$| z}$z?zt z?vHqtso9}$z o Px;}NzMorxHztsY|-x$c$szdus z
h | Nrz orxHxHztso NxHuN t
z?vHqtso9}Bz?v | z?xF}Nu qt|-rrz /
z+l :@vxqsytMl 2 A^ , lvxqFt - gi}Nztsz?o 2w0us zt|-q?}
g{z'$sz?xHzt x;}$|-x\g{z
}$| ziu}NvHzts z |w sH|q?xHoru$|-ec }Bzts{u-w u}NvYzts |-xYoMuNNv q?usYsz?vF$uN o N xHu xF}$|-x$|sY| z?xHzts vHz?x@d2e
$|sxYoMq@cN |s }Nz4v$cNz?vHxHvx;}Nz4|$$su*ho |xHoru
Nz sH|g}$|-q
f uw xF}Norv z?x;}Nu oMvixF}$|-xiorxwK|-rvHz?r'o Nqtszt|vHz?v x;}Nz4z
b>cNo |-rztx vF| NrzvHo#?z?viu-w)xF}Nz
o sorqQ}Nrz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruNv'|-vYvHuq?o |-xYz gorxF}#zt|-q?} }Bz?qt|cNvHz'orx skztN |q?z?v zt|-q?} orvHvHo N |x$c
gorxF}P|CwKsH|-q?xYoMuN$|-{vF| NrzdS{u*g{z?r{z?x |-xd t vcNz?vHx |W|$$sku|-q?}#xF}$|-x uz?vNux }$| z
xF}Norv $sku}Nrz dS~i| z?r xF}Nz?|$$skuQhNo |-xHz } |ivHo Nrzo sorq?}NMz?xJg }NuvHz zt|Nv | | ztsH|-z
|so |Nq?z
>
E |sz)xF}Nz{vF| z|-vbxF}NuvHz w0uNsxF}Nz{q?usHsz?q?xo sorqQ}Nrz?x o#hxc$szd zNuxHz
xF}$|-x orxHxHztso NxHuN v |$$suN|-qQ} c$Nro9f-z{u*g{z?rz?x |d v z?xF}Nu $su cNq?z?v)|{vHq?usko N z?xFskoMq xF}$|-x
|-vHvYoMNNvz
b c$|evHq?usz?v xHu z
b>cNo |-rztx4Nz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?x$c$skz?v@d
}Nz?vHz|$$su*ho |xHoruNv)$suNq?z?vHvbxF}Nz |-xF| o 4x;}Nz |xF|}$|-vHz{vHz
b>cNztxHo |-rM | |f-zicNvHz{u-w]xF}Nz
|-vHvc NxHoruuw $|sY| z?xHzts{o ztBzt ztNqtz| $suBztsxHorz?vu-wbxF}Nz4o sorq?}NMz?x orvHx;so9}>cNxHoruEd xF}Nzts
z?xF}Nu v So Nq?9c o $ & o9}>}Nv vF| Nro N xF}NzIbn |-ruskoMx;} | sH| orztx z?vHq?ztx $suNq?z?vHv4|-r
xF}Nz |-x;| |-x{uNq?z | qt|}$| rzq?uxHo cNucNv u |-o |so |}Nrz?v| ' ztBzt ztx$|sH| z?xHztsv@d
q@c$sHsztxivHxF|-xHz | q?u >cNxHzorxHv4$su}$|}NoMrorx orvHxFsko }>cNxYoMuNpo ztCxF}Nz |-vHvHor ztxHvixHu xF}Nz4uxF}Nzts
|so |}Nrz?v@d }Nzt g{zvF| Nrz|vHxF|-xYziw0us
}$|-vHz uN xF}Norvj$suN}$|}NorMorx orvHx;so9}>cNxHoru |
q?u >cNxYz 7 dPbo $|-rr g{z orxHztsY|-xHzxF}Nz'$sz orucNv xg{upvHxHztNv f-z?ztNo NWx;sH|-q
fpu-wxF}Nz'| ztsH|-z
| cNziu-w 2$ d/e xF}Nzro orx|-v)x;}Nz c }Bztsbu-wevF| NMz?v{|$$su|qQ}o Norx xF}Norv | ztsY|-z{orv)z
b>c$|-
xHu 2$ _xF}Nz z
h Bz?q?xF|-xHorupuw 2$ g oMx;} sz?vFBz?q?x4xHuxF}Nz oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoru $% $su o z
x+g{u q?u orxHoruNv'|sz z?x@dbo svHx xF}Nz & o9}>}NvvF| Nrzts cNvYx5}$zqsz$z+o , A :q 1 2#o }Nz<$suN}$|}NorMorx
orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru $ b cNvHxS}Bzv$cNq?}xF}$|-x2g{zqt| z ztx$c$|-rr vF| Nrz | BuvHvHo9}NrzivHxF|-xHz{u-Rw o zt
| $uvHvYo }Nrzo NorxHo |-{vHxF|-xYzu]w dIusz
h$| Nrz o w $ q?ux;|-o NvNu?ztsku<$su}$|}NoMrorxHorz?v xF}Nzt
xF}Nz & o9}>}Nv v;| Nrztsug oMr}$zpo sHsz cNq?o9}Nrzd z?q?u e zt|-q?%
} cNvHx5}Bz<q?}NuvHzt o NoMxYz?Mu-wcxHztEd
eKP$sY|-q?xHorq?z |#|-rusorxF} wcus z?xHzts o NorvHxHorqt|-rr skuxF|-xHo NCxF}$sucN}2xF}Nz |sko |}NMz?v orv x Norqt|-rr
cNvHz d & uNu o xFsu cNq?xHoruNvxHu & o9}>}Nv vF| NMo N So Nq?9c oDN z?xF}Nu v w0us o NoMxYo |Mo#t|-xYoMuN | |
orvHq@cNvHvHoruCu-wbq?u ztsztNq?Oz |szo zt}
busf t | ~zt|-J t d
~ u*g v$c$$$uvYzug{z }$| z | |-x;|}$|-vHz
A 8 ugorxF} orvHvHo N |xF| | g{zIg|x
xHup|$$su*ho |xHz d Nz |so |xu-w & o }>}NvvF| Nro N@w0usBzts w0uNs o NpxF}Norv |
$su*hNo |-xHoru uNz?v |-v{wcurru*gv@d2bo svHx g{zo NorxHo |-ro#?z xF}Nz4$|sH| z?xHztskv vHu zt}Nu*g\d z?q?u e wcus
zt|-q?}pqt|-vHz o q?ux;|-o No N orvHvYo N |-x;| g{zIr)o x;}Nz orvHvHo N |-xF|cNvHo NCxF}Nz |-vHvYoMNNz
| cNz?v u-w Mdusiz
h$| Nrz v$c$$$uvYz |sko |}NMz?!
v | |szuc$Nu}NvHzts z o pqt|-vHz
@d z
r{o } vF| Nro N@w su xF}Nz orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru *
? | x;}Nzt ro } v;|
Nro N w su xF}Nz orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru 9
d }NorvivHxHztqt|}$z uNNzGcNvHo N| vHxF| |s
|&z?vHo | Nz?x+g{usf o wcztsztNq?z'|-ruNsorxF} d }No s e g{z skzt|-vHvHor2xF}Nz $|sY| z?xHztsv '|-q?q?us o N
xHuxF}Nz$uvYxHztsorus orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru
? g }Nztsz
orv{xF}Nziq?u Nrz?xHz C |-xF|}$|-vYzd/bo $|-rr g{z
orxHztsH|-xYzxF}Nz4$sz oMuNcNv x+g{u4vHxYztNv | cNvHzx;}NzvF| Nrz ' |-9cNz?v uw |-v ||$$skuQhNo |-xHoru wcus
d c$xHo Nz &* orvHq@cNvHvHz?vixF}Norv|$$su|-q?} o uNsz z?xF|-orxd
& o9}>}Nv v;| Nro N qt| |-rvHuu}$z\cNvHz o N |q?zu-wevHzt|sq?}No N u zts)Nz?x+g{usf vHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz?v@d2~i| z?r
g{zqt| u o wc xF}Nz & o9}>}NvvF| NMzts z?vHqtso9}$z o xF}Nz$sz orucNv$|sH|-sY|$}vHu xF}$|-xborx{qt| x;sH|NvHo
xHoru w sku uNzNz?xg{us4fvHxFs4cNq?x$c$szxHu|NuxF}Nzts
d/usbz
h$| Nrz |&wcxHztszt|-q?} v;| Nro N $|vHv)xF}$skucN}
xF}Nz$|sH| z?xYztsvj| ' |-xF|}$|-vHz xF}NzvF| Nrztsqt| z |-9c$|-xYzx;}Nz w0usz ztsvHxFs4cNq?x$c$sz
xF}$|-x oMv Yq?MuvHz xYu xF}Nz4q@c$sYsztxNz?x+g{usfvHx;scNq?x$c$sz_zd Md gorxF}No 'uNNz|sq4| $ oMxYoMuN ] z?Mz?xYoMuN us
sz ztskvF|- | v;| Nrz | Nz
g Nz?x+g uNsf vHxFscNq?xc$sz|-q?q?uNs o NxHu x;}NoMv orvHx;so9}>cNxHoru_vHz?z n | or|
| y|9w0ztsx &* d
}NzCz
h Bz?q?xF|-xHoru |*ho o#t|-xYoMuN xbn |MusorxF} oMv'|S|$$su*hNo |-xHorug|-rusorxF} xF}$|-x qt|
& o9}>}Nv{vF| NMzts xF}Nz n |-rusorxF} qt| }$| rz u z?MvJgorxF} orvHvHo N |-xF| q?uxHo NcNucNv u |-o
|so |}Nrz?v | C zt$zt ztx$|sY| z?xHztsvd ~ Mx;}NucN}CxF}Nzubn |MusorxF} xHzt vxHu$su o z | rz?vHv
|-q?q@c$sH|xHz4|$$su*hNo |-xHoru orxx$NoMqt|MrCq?u ztsz?v uszb>cNorqrfr'xF}$|| & o9}>}NvivF| Nrzts
d
}Nzk n |MusorxF} qt|}$z orz
g{z |-v| z?xHzts o NorvHxHorq ztsvYoMuN u-w xF}Nz & o }>}Nv vF| Nrzts
dS o fz
xF}Nz & o9}>}Nv vF| Nrzts g{zu}$z?o px;}Nz |$$su*ho |-xYoMuN'uw }<|-vYvHorNo N |-9cNz?v4xYu
vHu zt}NuQgd ~z
hNx sH|-xF}Nzts xF}$| vF| Nrz<|2q?u Nrz?xHz |-x;|}$|-vHz
g zq?u >cNxHzpxF}Nz o 8>o;:vxo ,
p A :qFotMv2p
vxlvxq prvx9q :
p w0usxF}Nz orvHvHo N ztxFskoMz?vio xF}Nz |xF|}$|-vHzd2e '$|sxYoMq@cN |s g{zq?u >cNxHz
_
/
}Nzt
| |-rexF}Nz |so |}Nrz?vio 2
/ |szuN}NvHzts z o qt|-vHz xF}NzxHzts wcus xF}Norvqt|-vYz4sz
b cNo sz?v
|x;so o |-]q?u >cNx;|-xHoru orx orvz?orxF}NztsO?ztsuus uNzd xF}Nzts gorvHz g ziqt|:cNvHz| |&z?vHo | Nz?x+g uNsf
o w0ztskztNq?z |-ruNsorxF} xHuz | c$|xHz xF}NzxHzts d }Norv q?u >cNxF|-xYoMuN'orv qt|-rMz xF}Nzo 4 @o :@vxlvxqsytRprvxo
u-wbxF}Nz\bn |-ruNsorxF} d
~ z
hNx sY|-xF}Nzts xF}$|CvF| Nrz Nz
g | cNz?v w0uNs g zIcNvHzxF}Nzz
h Bz?q?xHz v$c q?oMztxvHxF|xHorvHxHorq?v
|-vo w xF}Nz?Pg{ztsz|-q?x$c$|)v$c q?orztx vHxF|xHorvHxHorq?v w su | |-xF|}$|vHz
| vHz?xxF}NzNz
g |-9cNz?v u-w
'xHu }$z xF}Nz u z?vu-wxF}Nz$uvYxHztsorus orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru
dus z
h | Nrz o w xF}Nz
$|sH| z?xHztsv }$| z4| o skoMq?}Nrz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoru xF}Nzt:g{z4}$| z
n<u z
}Norv u zz
hNoMvYxHv $su o z
0 8 dxe_w)Nux g{z qt|cNvHzxF}Nz
z
h$$z?q?xF|-xYoMuN u-w
o orxHvN |-q?zd }Norv |vHvHor ztx{oMv{qt|-rrz xF}Nz Il Q$q Iq
lvxqsytp
vxo u-wexF}Nzbn
|-ruskoMx;} d
z NvHxHztsI t vF}Nu*g{z x;}$|-x c$ ztsiq?ztsxF|o 2sz?cN |sorx'q?u orxHoruNv orxHztsY|-xHoruCu-w x;}Nzz
h
$z?q?x;|-xHoru| |ho o#t|-xHorugvHxYztNvgorM q?u ztszCxHuS| ruNqt|- |*hNo c u-wxF}Nz $suN}$|}NorMorx
d
$
u5cNvHz & o9}>}Nv vF| Nro N us{x;}NzGbn |-ruNsorxF} o '$sH|q?xHorq?z g{z4Nz?z xHuq?u >cNxHz xF}Nz orvHxFso9}>c
xHoruNv
$ z q?orztxYMd }Nz?vHz q?u >cNxF|-xYoMuNNv |sz{z q?orztx$su o z xF}Nz $|sH| z?xHztsv
}$| z | o sorqQ}Nrz?x oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoru2usvYu zuxF}Nzts orvHxFsko }>cNxYoMuNCw sku xF}Nzz
h BuNztxHo |-w | orMd
}Nzt xF}Nz orvHxFs9o }>cNxHoruNv u Nux }$| zixF}Norv{wcus g zqt|5cNvHzztNztsH|-]uNxHo o#t|-xHoru z?xF}Nu vxHu
*| hNo #o ?z & orrez?x | d t> > sz?vHvz?x |d t d
n |u-w$xF}Nz?vHz{|$$su|qQ}Nz?v Pwcus]
z h$| Nrz sY| orztx z?vYq?ztx q?uN cN|xHzbsH| orztx | b c$|vHo
~
z gxHu z?x;}Nu v S
z h$Nruorx ztso |-xYo z?v u-wxF}Nz(w c$Nq?xHoruxYu }Bz | ho #o ?z xYu vF$z?z c$ q?u zts&
ztNq?z deK vHu zvHor$x c$|xHoruNv xF}Nz?vHz ztsko |-xHo z?vqt|
}Bz'q?u > cNxHz z q?orztxHrSo Pq?ruvYz wcus d
>
$c xYo Nz t*N4 orvHq@cNvYvHz?v'v$cNq?} z?xF}Nu vo z?x;|-ord ztsz g{z ztxHorugxF}Nzpqt|-vHz g }Nztsz |-r
|so |}Nrz?vo
|skz oMvYqtsz?xHzdSe xF}NorvivHorx$c$|-xHoru yBcNvHvHz?r z?xi|-xd t }$| zvF}Nu*g x;}$|-x
ru
g N} ztsz
M orvxF}Nz
z h Bz?q?xHz v$c q?orztxvHx;|-xHorvHxHorq o ztP} 2 b>c$|-xHoru d ~ vNuxHz
o PxF}Nzp$sz oMuNcNv vHz?q?xYoMuN xF}Norv Hx zts |& }$zCq?u >cNxHz }P|PvHxF| |s |tz?vHo |PNz?x+g uNsf
o w0ztskztNq?z |MusorxF} d
J YLV\`V
m Y`
eK| |-x;|}$|-vHzCgorxF} orvHvHo N |xF| |$|sxHorq@cN |s |so |}Nrz |&5}Bzu}NvHzts z o vHu zqt|-vHz?v us orx
|& N z ztsC}$z u}NvHzts z dSeK xF}Nz |-xHxHzts{vYoMxc$|-xHoru g{zvF|& xF}$|xxF}Nz |so |}Nrzorv Nq ,, o@tMd
~ u-w xF}Nz z?xF}Nu v z?vHqtsko }Bz o #x;}Nz'$sz orucNv vHz?q?xHoru#qt|}BzcNvHz xHuprzt|sH |&z?vHo |
Nz?x+g{usfv q?uxF|-o No Npo ztxHoz }No $ zt |so |}Nrz?v@d }Nz Nz?x+g uNsf vHxFscNq?xc$sz |&}$z^MhNz |
uNrPxF}Nz'$}vYoMqt| $su}$|}NorrorxHorz?vc$Nq?ztsxF|-o us^}$uxF}#x;}Nz'Nz?xg{us4fpvHxFscNq?xc$sz'| $|sH| z?xHztsv
|&}$zGc$Nq?ztskxF|-o Ed Nz4z
h$| Nrz4uw rzt|sHNo NxF}Nz$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?vu-w)|IMhNz vHx;scNq?x$c$szgorxF}C}No
zt |sko |}NMz?v orvxF}Nz ~ cNxHuN{ |-vHv4|-ruskoMx;} u-w }Nz?z?vHz |p| x$cNx &? g }NorqQ}p$zts
w0us v
ANt>p AA>o@@z <@q pro , :32lp$p
q :$lvxqFyt ) }Nz u z?Ec$ ztsro NxF}Nz |MusorxF} orv | |&z?vYo |Nz?x+g{usfagorxF}
| vHo Nrz}No $ zt |so |}Nrz5g }NuvHz vHxF|xHz?v q?uNsHsz?vFBu xHuxF}Nz:c$>fNu*g Cq? |-vHvHz?vd }Nz Nc }$ztsiu-w
vHxF|xHz?v uw xF}Nz}No $ zt |so |}NrzorvSc$Nq?ztsxF|-o | }$|-vb| $skoMuNs oMvYxFso9}>cNxHoruEd ~ rvHu xF}Norv)}No $ zt |so
|}Nrzszt ztsv{vHz?xHv{u-weu}NvHzts |}Nrz |so |}Nrz?vq?u orxHoru$|-rro zt$zt ztx@d }Nzj|-ruNsorxF} vHzt|sq?}Nz?v
u zts |so |-xHoruNvu-w x;}NoMv u z?k0o Nq?9c o N xF}Nz c }$zts u-w{vHxF|-xYz?v4u-w{xF}Nz }No $ zt |sko |}NMz 7 cNv+
o N'| ztsvYoMuN'uw xF}Nzu n |MusorxF} xHu |$$su*ho |-xYz4xF}Nz$uvHxYztsorus $sku}$|}NorroMxCu-w)zt|-q?} u z?
|so |-xHoruEd
e p| $ orxHoru g{z4qt|cNvYz z?xF}Nu viwcus rzt|sHNo NgorxF} orvHvYo N |-xF| xHu o ztxHo wc <c$ ztsc$
q?ztsxF|o x xF}Nziz
horvHxHztNq?zuw Nz
g |so |}Nrz?v@dJ~i| z?r g z} BuxF}Nz?vHo#?z4| cNx$c$|-rr z
hq?9cNvHo z|
z
h$}$|cNvHxHo z vHz?x uw |&z?vHo |
Nz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?xc$sz?v vHu zq?uxF|-o No N'}No $ zt |so |}Nrz?v4| vYu z
Nux@d z |-vHvYoMN<$skoMuNsvxHuzt|-q?}CvHxFscNq?x$c$skz | orxHv4$|sH| z?xHztskv | xF}NztPc$ |-xHzxF}Nz?vHz $skoMuNsv
gorxF} |-xF|IcNvHo N uNNzu-w x;}Nz z?vHqtso9}$z |MusorxF} v{wcus{}$| ro N orvHvHo N |-xF|>d
T
]o9f-z|-r x$cNxYuso |-rv xF}Norvix$cNxHusko |eorv o Nq?u Nrz?xHzdJus{xF}NuvHz4szt| ztsv o xHztsz?vYxHz o Crzt|sHNo N usz
|}BucNx4sY|$}Norqt|- u z?rv | W z?xF}Nu v w0uNsiMzt|sHNo N xF}Nz g z u*eztsixF}Nz wcurru*go N@| $ oMxYoMuN$|-
sz;wcztsztNq?z?v@d ~ usz z?xF|-orrz NcNo z xHu xF}NzrorxHztsH|x$c$sz4qt|}$zwcuc$ o c$xHo Nz t d
}$|sHNo |f t>@ $su o z?v4|Czt|-vHKxHu*
skzt| o xFsu cNq?xHorupxYu xF}Nz |&z?vHo |
Nz?x+g{usfCszt$sz
vHztxF|-xHoruEd Norz?z? }$|-rxHztsiz?x|-xd & | z?q
f-zts | z?x|-xd t } o zvHo Nrz oMvYq@cNvHvHoruNv
u-w z?x;}Nu viwcus Mzt|sHNo N |&z?vHo |pNz?x+g uNsfv wcus u |-o Nvq?uxF|-o No NuNr orvHqtsz?xHz |so |}Nrz?v@d
c$xYo Nz\ &* | z?qrf-zts |4| 5
& z?orzts t* $su o z usz z?x;|-orMz orvHq@cNvHvYoMuNNv@dS2h$$zts
o ztxF|-$q?u $|sorvHuNvu-w oeztsztxbMzt|sHNo N|$$suN|-qQ}Nz?vqt|I}$zw0uc$ o {uNuBztsb| ztsvf-u orxHv
t?-~ ro wcztsorv| uuBzts t*N? e|c$sorx?zt z?x{|-xd t*? {u*g{z?rz?x|-xd &? | z?qrf
zts | z?x |-xd t } d
e p| $ orxHoruCxHu o sz?q?xYz W u z?Mv sz?vHzt|sq?}Nztsv4}$| z|-rvHu z
h$Nrusz NsH|$}Nviq?ux;|-o No Nc$ o
sz?q?xHz z z?v4|-v4|fNNuQg Mz z szt$sz?vHztxF|-xYoMuNEd }Nz?vYz szt$sz?vHztxF|-xYoMuNNv4|sz orvHq@cNvHvHz _zd Md o
e|c$skoMx4?zt t?D zts | | P zt|skm &? | s zt}Bzts t d |&z?vYo | z?xF}Nu viwcus
rzt|sHNo N v$cNqQ} u z?rv w su |xF||sz z?vHqtso9}Bz } 4|@g o | e|c$sorx?zt t | c$xHo Nz
t* d
bo $|-rr vHz ztsH|-]vHuw0x+g|szvYvHxYz v w0usMzt|sHNo N sY|$}Norqt|- u z?rv}$| z\}$z?zt o NMz ztxHz d
}Nu |-v B Norz?z? }$|-rxHzts | & or fv t }$| zbqtskzt|-xHz |vHvYxHz xF}$|-x xF|f-z?ve| Mzt|sHNo Nj$suN}NMz
vFBz?q?o z |-v | |&z?vHo |Nz?x+g{usf | q?u Norrz?vxF}Norv$su}Nrz o xHu | & o9}>}Nv+KvF| Nrztsiq?u >cNxHzts
$suNsH| d | v$}Bzts t | vH||s z?x4|-xd t* }$| zG}>cNorrxvYvHxYz v x;}$|-x qt|'rzt|sY
o sz?q?xHz e c$ o sz?q?xHz e | < o#hNz sY|$}Norqt|- u z?rvkcNvHo N| |sorz?x
u-wbvHq?uso N z?xFsorq?v@d
_I
VaZ
S[
m
VX
e xF}$|>f 4| o }Norq
f-ztso N sorqk us orx }$sorv{n<z?z@f % uNuvy{u z?rvHz | | }$sH|-orq $ NxF}
wcus{xF}Nz?o s{q?u tz xYvu zt|srorzts ztsvHoruNviu-w xF}Norv |NcNvHqtso Nx@d
3
2Y J
V\_
|&z?v Et |&z?v d t d ~ gz?vHvF|&WxYuQg|s vvYu o NS|#$su}Nrz o PxF}Nz uq?xFsko Nzpu-w
q?}$|Nq?z?v@dJjqsy\Io@vxzq9{*l W dey{zt$so xiu-wbusoro $|-g{us4fu-w d
z?o NroMq?}pz?x |d A& z?o NroMq?} ed D cNzts uN x \d }$| z
yd | {uNu$zts D& dA t d }Nz
~ ~ y{n uNNoMxYuso N4vHNvHxHz ~ qt|-vHzvYx$c IgorxF}x+g{u4$su}$|}NorrorvHxHorqo w0ztsztNq?zixHz?q?}$No#b cNz?v{wcus
}Bz?Morz;w Nz?x+g{usfv@de
Jz+By :o$o , qst -p0y /Iv o # o;:yt , Az+yO>o$lt
Syt /
o@z+ot :o\yt zvxq :@qsl2 $tWvxoB292q
-No@t :o\qst o , 9q :@qstMo
|]u uN $|-z?v d $so Nzts zts |- W ztskMo Ed
c$xHo Nz /t> c$xHo Nz d t@ d }Nz?usk sz Nz ztxu |&z?vHo | Nz?x+g uNsfvd/eK Jz+By :o$o ,
qst -p y / # Bo <@otMv
Syt /roz+o@t :ouyt
Lt :o@zvxlqstMvxn qF
t zvxq :@qsl 2 $tWvxBo 292#q -No@t :o
|S]uv ~ Nz?rz?v ~
$|-z?v dnpusN| |cw |$Ed
c$xHo Nz /t* c$xHo Nz d t* d BztsH|-xHoruNvwcus]rzt|sHNo NgorxF} sH|$}Norqt|- u z?rv@d y ANztMl 2
0y / az$vxq :qFl 2 $tMvx3o 2=2#q -o@t :$o io
prol0z : t d
c$xHo Nz /t c$xHo Nz d & d ~ cNo z xHux;}Nz rorxHztsH|x$c$szu Mzt|sHNo N4sH|$}NoMqt| u z?rv@d
z?qQ}$Norqt|-by{ztBusxeKO $ ~ ~ N~ ~j z?vy{z?vHzt|sqQ}ztxHzts
d
}$|sHNo |f t> 4}$|sYNo |f d &>@ d |&z?vHo |gNz?x+g uNsfv^gorxF}NucNxxHzt|skv@d l -l
qFtWo
t d
x$cNx $Mdi t d |tz?vHo |Cq? |vHvHoqt|-xHoru
}Nz?z?vYz || x$cNx Et }Nz?z?vHz | L de|
~ cNxHu |vHv }Nz?usp| sz?v$cNrxHvdGe |&N| e \d o |-xHz?v$f }$|No sku & d $ xF} L d |
xF}Nc$scNvF| yd z orxHusv , <lt :o
puqs
t \tWyw 2#o , -N
o kq p :$y <o@znlt , lvx
l qstMqst - $|-z
~i~ ~ e sz?vYv n<ztNru |sf ~ d
}Norq
f-ztso N & }Norq
f-ztso N udM t d ~ xFsH|Nvkw0us |-xHoru$|-Nq?}$|sH|-q?xHztskot|xHoruu-w]z
b cNo |Mztx
|&z?vHo | Nz?x+g{usf vHxFscNq?xc$sz?v@dueK iz+3y :$oo , qFt -p\0y / 2#Bo <@otMv
Syt /
o@z+ot :oGyt
/t :$oz$vxlqstMvxnqst
zvxq :@qsl 2 $tWvxBo 292q -ot :o
|npuxFszt|
d$npus| |cw |$Ed
}Norq
f-ztso N z?x |-xd t 4}Norqrf-ztsko N ud & z?orzts ud | z?qrfzts | udS t d\]zt|sYNo N
|&z?vHo |#Nz?x+g uNsfv zt|sq?} z?xF}Nu v | z
h Bztso ztx;|- sz?v$cNrxHvdPeK iz+3y :$oo , qFt -pu0y / q /
v
Syt /
o@z+o@t :$oIyt az$vxq :qFl 2$tWvxBo 292q -ot :o\lt ,1# vxlvxq p
vx=q :
p$|Lbx@dA |c zts |-rz S $|-z?v & t d
uNq?orz?x
wcus ~ sxHoq?o |-7e xYz?MrorztNq?z o xF|-xHorvHxHorq?v@d
{uNuBzts Et uuBzts & dk t du >cNxF|-xYoMuN$|- q?u Nrz
horxSu-w $su}$|}NorrorvHxHorq#o wcztsztNq?z
cNvHo N |tz?vHo |}$z?rorz;wNz?x+g{usfv\cy{z?vHzt|skqQ}CNuxHz d zvxq :@qsl 2 $tMvx3o 2=2#q -ot :o N d
{uNuBzts| ztsv$f-u oMxYv Et uuBzts & d]| ztsvf-u orxHv d2 t d ~ |&z?vHo | z?xF}Nu
wcus{xF}Nzo cNq?xHoruCu-w)$su}$|}NoMrorvHxHorq Nz?x+g{usfv)wKsu |-xF|>d l : qstMo
o$lz$tWqFt - * >d
$
*
{uNuBzts| ztsv$f-u oMxYv Et> uuBzts D& d$| ztsv$f-u orxHv d9$|c$|sk A&>@ d ~ |&z?vHo |
z?x;}Nu wcus]xF}Nz{o cNq?xHoruu-w $sku}$|}NorroMvYxHorq Nz?x+g uNsfv w su |-x;|>d z?qQ}$Norqt|-yzt$usx nPe >
z?q?xHoru u npz orqt|-7e w0uNs |-xHorq?v xF|wcus No ztsvYoMxd
{u*g{z?r]z?x |-xd t 4{u*g z?r yd 4|@g o e ~ d | z@}$|-vHxHo |No d t d ~ q?u $|sorvHu#u-w
vHz
b>cNztxHo |-brzt|sHNo N z?x;}Nu viwcus o Nq?u Nrz?xHz |xF|>d z?q?}$Norqt|-)y{ztBusx BB zt$|skx ztx u-w
xF|xHorvHxHorqt|- q?orztNq?z iNo ztsvHorx {uMrz?zu]uN uEd
{u*h Et* 4{u*h yd2 t* d su}$|}Norrorx w sz
b>cNztNq?<| szt|-vYu$|}Nrzz
h Bz?q?xF|-xHoruEd Io@zq=:lt
>y ANz$tWl 20y / np
=q :
p E
B d
4|-Nc | c>} Lt j4|c M d| c>} nd/ &* d xF}Nz|$$skuQhNo |-xHoru u-w)$su}
|}NorrorvHxHorq4o wcztsztNq?zd z?qQ}$Norqt|-y{zt$uskx n |& D z?q?xHoru u npz oMqt|e w0uNs |-xHorq?v D xF|w0us iNo
ztskvHorx
q?}Nuu u-w npz orq?o Nz x;|w0uNs e ~ d
~ }$suvHoru Et> ~j }$suvHoru Q dM &>@ d uqt|-$z
h$$sz?vHvYoMuN |Nc$|-z?vwcus$su}$|}NorrorvHxHorq z
Bzt ztNq?zd/eK iz+3y :$oo , qFt -piy / # 3o <@o@tWv
Syt /
o@z+o@t :$oyt
/t :$oz$vxlqstMvxnqFt zvxq :@qsl 2 tMvxBo 292#q -No@t :$o
|
]uv ~ Nz?Mz?v ~ $|-z?v & dnpusk| |cw |$Ed
uNv ~ z
g bus4fMd
zbo Nz?xHxHo Lt zbo Nz?xHxHo M d/ t d oyz$nI0y / Jz+y 17l 1
9q 2qsvxn*d orrz?| 6
z & suux Mt z & suNux nd t d _Avx$q Il 2 # vxlvxq9p
vx9q :$l 2 ;o :q9p
qsyt>p
dpnpq & sH|gJ orM ~ z
g
bus4fMd
z NvYxHzts z?x |-xd t z NvHxHzts ~ d |-o s e ~d | yc>}No udJ t dn |*ho c ro9f-z?ro
}NuNu wKsu o Nq?u NMz?xYz |-xF| o |ixF}Nzi n |-ruskoMx;} d >y ANz$tWl 2y /mv No Jyn*l 2 # vxlvxq prvx9q :$l 2 # By :@qso@vxn
d
u v &\ \ uN v $Md/ t\ d NxHo c }$sY|NqQ}No NMd ) io
p )j # d
|Nv | n<o Norz@ft| 2t> \ |Nv $Md]| npo NoMz@f&| Bd7 t>@ d _Avx$q Iq
lvxqsytPl 2 -yz$qsv p /ryz
tWo@vxw2yz4{@p\lt , -Nz+Ol p
dbn |sq?z?]z@fNf-ztseKNqd ~z
g busfWd
]s ztN}$ztsk t k]s zt}Bzts n dN t d }Nz)q?}$|-o sH|$}in@|sf-u $suBztsxd # :lt , qFtWl <@qslt
>y ANz$tWl 20y / # vxlvxq prvx9q :
p E d
& |}$u*gz?x |-xd &* & |}Bu*g d & |-ror d | $ztNq?zts N d> t*N dQ7 q?orztxbo Nrz ztxF|-xYoMuN
u-wbsH|$}|-rusorxF} vCcNvHo N q?uxFsH|q?xHoruEd2eK Jz+By :o$o , qst -pC0y /
# d
& z?oMzts| z?qrf-zts | t & z?orzts ud$| z?q
f-zts | ud y{z orvHz z@}$sc$|s t d ~
q?}$|sH|-q?xYztso#t|-xHoru2u-wxF}Nz o sorq?}Nrz?x orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruP|$Nrorqt|}Nrz'xYu'rzt|sHNo N |&z?vHo | Nz?x+g{usfv@d
z?qQ}$Norqt|-by{ztBusxin yi yO * $ n<orqtsuvHu-wcx y{z u e ~ d
& z | Et* & z | 7 d| %& z | udM t d xHuNq?}$|-vHxHorqsz? |*h |xHoru & o }>}Nv
& z || 6
orvHxFsko }>cNxYoMuNNv<| xF}Nz |&z?vHo |gsz?vHxHusY|-xHoru#u-w4o |-z?v@d zlt>p
l:@vxqsyt>pyt ilvxvxo@zt
tWl 2#nprq plt , l: qFtWo $tMvxo32=2#q -o@t :$o \ d
& oMrez?xi|-xd t & orM d nPc$sHsH|& d | WskoMN}x nd t@ d Jzl :@vxq9:$l2 _AvxqXIq rlvxqFytWd
~ qt| z orq sz?vHv ~z
g buNsfMd
& uu eEt & uu e e4d t d iz+y 14l 1
=q 2#qsvxnlt , v
o oq - qFt - y0/ <@q , o@t :$odP |9w Nztsv ~ z
g
bus4fMd
& uu eEt & uu e ed/ t d o vu-w)$su}$|}Norrorx
d # :qFot :o Wt >d
& uu eEt\ & uu e e4d t\ d
o Oprvx$q IlvxqFyt0y / Jz7y 1l 1
=q 2#qsvxqFo
prd2nPe sz?vHv | }$so z
n ~ d
i|-q
fo N & \ |qrfo N e4di t d o PIo@9z -ot :ou0y / Jz7y 1l 1
=q 2#qsvxn*d| }$sko z iNo ztsvHorx
sz?vHv ~ z
g bus4fMd
i|-vHxHo Nv A& Gi|-vHxHo Nv dM t d$npuxHz |sru4vF| NMo N z?xF}Nu vcNvHo Nn@|sf-u qQ}$|o Nv
| x;}Nz?o si|$Nrorqt|-xHoruNv@dBjqFy Govxz$q {Ql & d
z?qrfzts | Et a z?q
f-zts | udi t d ~ xFsY|-q?xF|}Nrz|-rusorxF} wcus o |-NuvHo N cNMxYo Nrz
orvHzt|-vYz?v@de iz+3y :$oo , qFt -p0y /Gv o q /
v yz4{@p Oy yt
Lt :o@zvxlqstMvxnuqst zvxq :@qsl 2 tMvxBo 292#q -No@t :$o
|
o vHus ~ $|-z?v t> d ~ vHvHuNq?o |-xHorujw0usLiNq?ztsxF|-o x
o ~ sxYo q?o |-Me xYz?MrorztNq?z npuc$
xF|o orz
g ~ d ~ rvHuo P zt$soru n d }$|-q?}xHzts yd |$|- 2d | ]z zts $Md z orxHuskv
Lt :o@zvxlqstMvxnIqF
t zvxq :@qsl 2 $tWvxBo 292q -ot :
o |e$|-z?v
d~ usxF} ur | e ~ z
g bus4f & d
& z?orzts t* \z?q
f-zts | ud| & z?orzts ud/_z?q?z }$zts t*N dS]zt|sYNo N
z?qrfzts || 6
|&z?vHo |Nz?x+g{usfv@d z?q?}$Norqt|-by{zt$uskxn yO yO $ nporqtsuvHuw0x y{z u e ~ d
z?qrfzts | z?x |d A& }G z?qrfzts | ud n@| |No ~ d | 2z?M | nd7 t | d yzt|-
g{us |$Nrorqt|-xHoruNvuw |&z?vHo |Nz?x+g{usfv@d
S\y AtW=q :lvxqsyt>p0y /Iv o
D d
z?qrfzts | z?x |d A& | \ z?qrf-zts | ud & z?orzts ud | }Norqrfztso N ud2 t } d]zt|sY
o N |&z?vYo |PNz?xg{us4fv }Nzq?u }No $|-xHoruPuwafNNu*grz z<| vHxF|-xYoMvYxHorqt|- |-xF|d l : NqFtWo
olz$tWqFt - xHu |$$zt|s
d
vH||s z?x |d A&* G vH||s e d f x;} d | }Norz?vHvYu i dJ t*N dvHzts vcNo z
xHu e )y $ d z?qQ}$Norqt|-sztBusx zt$|skx ztxu-wn@|xF}Nz |-xHorq?v| u >cNxHzts q?orztNq?z
~ |-9}$usk zt |s4fMd
u*g|s eMt G uQg|s e yd2 t d{z?q?orvHoru |$|-rNvHorv ztskvF$z?q?xHo z?vuN'o wcztsztNq?z e z?q?orvHoru
| z
h$$ztsko ztxF|xHoruEd Jz+By :o$o , qst -pC0y /\v o * d
\
u*g|s eMt G uQg|s e ydA & dN]su o !AcNztNq?z4xHu4skz?Mz |Nq?zxHu\fNNu*grz zdeK ro zts yd
$ orxF} $Wd z orxHusv t Aot :o kqsl -z+l\p|joB2#qso4/ o@vsp|lt , ko@:@q p
qFyt tMl2#np
q9p q?}$|NxHzts d
|
orrz?'| uNv ~z
g busfWd
u*g|s | n@|xF}Nz?vHu Et Gu*g|s e ydb| n@|xF}Nz?vHu $Md t>@ de !AcNztNq?z o |-sY| v@d
e u*g|s e ydb| n |-xF}Nz?vYu $Md z orxHuNsv iol , qst -p ytv o izqFt :@q 2#o
pult , ]\ 2#q9:$lvxqFytp
0y /"@o :@q prqsy t tMl 2np
q9p u9c z\e+e $|-z?v d xFsH|xHz?orqz?q?orvHoruNv & suc$ npztNru |s4f
~ d
d t d ~ $$su*ho |xHoruNvPo
$ztNvYzt'| ~ ztsvHzt Lt + $ztNvYzt d| ~ ztskvHzt 6
|&z?vHo | }$z?rorz;w^c$No ztskvHz?v wcusufNNu*grz zP}$|-vHz vHvYxHz v@d z?q?}$Norqt|-szt$uskx eKNvHxYoMxcNxHz'u-w
Mz?q?x;suNorq NvHxHz v $~ | }Bus5iNo ztsvHorx ~ |-9}Bus zt |sfWd
$uN}$NvHu t $u}$NvHu t d/ u*ggw |-vYxorvruqt|-vHzt|skqQ} eK
#] $|-z?v d
|}$Nz | z?x |-xd & |}$Nz | ud ru orq d | <{ ztskv$f B~ d z orxHusvu t d DA , Io@tWv
Lt , oz
/t :$oz$vxlqFtWvxn 3o Azq9p
vx9q :
plt , jqFl*p
o
p
d| }$sko zmiNo ztsvHorx sz?vHv ~ z
g bus4fMd
|sY t |sY ydI t d ~ vHo Nrz ztso |-xHoru u-w u v'|-ruNsorxF} w0uNs uNxYo |-
}$sH|NqQ}No Nv@d o@vxw2yz4{@p E \ d
|-vYv | y|&wcxHzts t |-vHv ydb| y |&w0xYzts )~ d t d |&z?v w |-q?xYusv | S u z?c$
q?ztsx;|-o xd z?qQ}$Norqt|-{y{zt$uskx zt$|sx ztxiu-w xF|-xYoMvYxHorq?v |sHNz?orz npz?rMuNP No ztskvHorx
~ d
us
w Et uNs w yad & d o Nzt|s&KvF$|-q?z}$z?vYx+x svHxbvHzt|sqQ}Ed zvxq :@qsl 2 tMvxBo 292#q -No@t :$o L M D d
e|c$sorx?zt /& \e|c$sorx?zt d/ t d
;o :4v Az+o
pkyt
SytWvxqFt -o@t :@n l 1 2#o
p
d/iNo ztsvHorx u-w ~ |-
}Bus sz?vHv N~ |-9}$us zt |sfWd
Norz?z? }$|-rxHzts 2t G |c$sorx?zt d| 6
Norz?z? }$|-rxHzts ud t d7 uqt|- q?u
e|c$sorx?zt'| 6
>cNxF|xHoruNvg oMx;}'$su}$|}NoMrorxHorz?vuNsH|$}Norqt|-evHx;scNq?x$c$sz?v| x;}Nz?o s|$NMorqt|-xYoMuN'xYu z
h$$ztsxivHNv+
xHz v@d ) iyn*l 2 # vxlvxq prvx9q :$l 2 # By :qFovxnIj t * d
e|c$sorx?ztz?x |d t* ae|c$sorx?zt d - }Norz?vHvHu d | Norz?z? }$|-rxHzts udN t*N dto |-NNuvHxHorq
vHNvHxHz veqtszt|-xHz } u z?vYz?Mz?q?xYoMuN z?xF}Nu v ~ qt|-vHzbvHx$c dNeK }Nz?z?vHz | * d9| 4 wcus e
yd z orxHusv lt ,1# vxlvxq prvx9q :
p $ u9c zI]z?q?x$c$szI~uxYz?vo xF|-xYoMvYxHorq?v $ $|-z?v
7 t d
$so Nzts zts |- ~z
g buNsfMd
n | or|| y|&wcxHzts t* n@| oMN| ud{| y|&wcxHzts ~ d t dnpu z?vYz?Mz?q?xYoMuN |
|-q?q?uNc$xHo N wcus u z?c$Nq?ztsx;|-o x o sH|$}Norqt|- u z?rvcNvHo N q?qt| vig o u*g\d y AztMl 2E0y /
v o Ioz$9q :$lt # vxlvxq prvx9q :$l 2 appr3y :@qslvxqFyt $ & &* d
#!
Sy # AvxozpqFt Jt -NqFtWo$oz$qst - $|-z?v d ~j ztsorqt| uq?orz?x u-wnpz?q?}$|Norqt|-)No Nz?ztsv
{uNsxHzin@| ztsH| ~ d
y{orvHv;|Nzt /& 4y{orvHvF|Nzt $MdS t d xHuNqQ}$|vHxHorqq?u Nrz
horxsgorxF} orvHq@cNvHvHoru
d y ANztMl 220y /
v
o Jyn*l 2 # vxlvxq prvx9q :$l 2 # By :qFovxn@| # o@zqFo
pj >N | ' \ d
y{uN}No Nv /t\ 4y{u}No Nv $Md2 t d ~ Nz
g |$$su|qQ} xHu qt|cNvF|eo w0ztsztNq?z o uNsxF|-rorx vHxc oMz?v
gorxF} v$cNvHxF|o Nz z
h Buv$c$sz4skz?v$cNrxHv@d lv
o Ilvx9q :l 2 y , 3o 2#qFt - B t>t d
yc>}No Lt yc>}No ud t d |&z?vYo | o wcztsztNq?z w0usqt|cNvF|-]zez?q?xHv }Nz4suMz u-w sH| u
o#t|-xHoruEd tWtMl 2p0y / # vxlvxq prvx9q :
p * d
ycNvYvHz?r z?x |d t* ycNvYvHz?r d E o zts $Md | urMzts ud2 t*N d ~ |NxHo z $su}$|}NoMrorvHxHorq
Nz?x+g{usfv@d z?q?}$Norqt|-by{zt$uskx C * * No ztskvHorx
uw |-ro w0uNsHNo | A ztsfz?Mz?d
| |z Et* | |-z 2d/ &* d o yANt , lvxqsytp\y0/ # vxlvxq p
vxq=:
prdu zts ~ z
g busfWd
q?}g|s A& qQ}g|s+ & d\ t d vHxHo |-xYo NPx;}Nz o ztNvHoru u-w | u z?xd tWtMl2py0/
# vxlvxq9p
vx9q :
p M
> * d
}$|-q?}xHzts Et }$|-qQ}xHzts ydS & d suN}$|}NorMorvHxYoMq o w0ztskztNq?z | o !AcNztNq?z o |-sY| v@d _
ozlvxqFytp io
prol0z : D \ * d
}$|-q?}xHzts{z?x |-xd Et }$|-q?}xYzts yd B~ ztsvYzt d | u} d/ & d o skz?q?xHz sz cNq?xYoMuN
|-ruNsorxF} v| ' z?q?u $uvF|}NMz sH|$}Nvdie
Jz+By :o$o , qst -pC0y /Gv o # q Qv
Syt /roz+o@t :oyt
Lt :o@z
vxlqstMvxnIqst zvxq :@qsl 2 $tMvx3o 2=2#q -o@t :$o
| uvHxHu n ~ $|z?v d ~ vHvHuNq?o |xHoru w0uNsSiNq?ztsxF|-o x
o ~ sxHoq?o |-2eKxHz?rroMztNq?z n<uNc$xF|o orz
g ~ d
d | {u*g{z?M yd
Norz?z? }$|-rxHztsiz?x |d t Norz?z? }$|-rxHzts ud 4|go e~ d e|c$skoMx4?zt
& d |tz?vHo ||$|-rNvHorv o z
h$$ztskx vHNvHxHz v@d # vxlvxq prvx9q :l 2 # :@qso@t :$o $ >t d
Norz?z? }$|-rxHzts| |c$sorx?zt Lt Norz?z? }$|-rxHzts ud]| |c$sorx?zt dS t d z
b>cNztxHo |-
c$ |-xHo N u-weq?u orxHoru$|-$su}$|}NorrorxHorz?v u o sz?q?xHz sY|$}Norqt|-]vHxFscNq?x$c$skz?v@d kovxw2yz4{@p
d
q?}Nz?o Nz?v yd/ t d
Sl Ap
lvxqFyt>| iz+o , =q :
No sxHz?viz?x |-xd Et No sxHz?v W d & r uNc$s d | 6
vxqsyt>|Slt , # ol0z : d $so Nzts& ztsk | ~z
g busfWd
cNzts u x | {uNuBzts t cNzts u x d | {uNu$zts & di t>@ d ~ q?u }No $|-xYoMuN u-w
z
h$|-q?x'|-ruskoMx;} v w0uNs o wcztsztNq?z uN |tz?vHo |}$z?rorz;w Nz?x+g uNsfvd $tMvxoz$tWlvxqsytMl 2 y ANztMl 20y /
]\Az+y *Xq Ilvxo Jo$lprytWqFt - N > * d
|"s H| Et |"s H| yd2 t dbo o N uNNxHo |-/}$sH|NqQ}No Nv@d kovxw2yz{p d
& or fv dS t d cNv ~ $su*
}Nu |-v{z?x |-xd & }Nu |v ~ d Norz?z? }$|-rxHzts ud |
sY| xYu Bzts w0uNs |tz?vHo |Co wcztsztNq?zcNvHo N & o }>}Nvv;| Nro NMdueK ztsH$|s u $Md ztszts $Wd
$ orxF} ~ d z orxHusv jln*o
prqslt # vxlvxq p
vx=q :
p $|-z?v * d hw0uNs No zts
4|go eN~ d | 6
vHorx sz?vHvd
orxHxYztso NxHu Et orxHxHztso NxYu udi t d: |-xHo NW| o |-NNuvHxHorqvHNvHxHz cNvHo Nc$Nq?uN
s z qt|-vHz?vd ]\ 2#qso , # vxlvxq9p
vx=q :
p $ * >d
{ ztsv$f | |}$Nz | t { ztsv$f ~ d| |}$Nz | udJ t
d $Nc ztx c$ zts
c$Nq?ztsx;|-o x Sz@c$skoMvYxHorq?vj| }No |-vHz?v@d # :@qso@t :$o Mt t* B > d
%
"!
$
zts | | zt|s & zts | d| zt|s $Wd\ t d 2b>cNo |-rztNq?zS| vH$xF}Nz?vHorv'u-w
qt|cNv;|- u z?rv@d eK iz+y3:$oo , qFt -pGy / # q *v
Oyt /
o@z+o@t :$o:yt
Lt :o@zvxlqstMvxnqst zvxq :@qsl2 $tWvxoB292q
-No@t :o
| uvHxHuN n ~ $|-z?v >dnpusk| |cw |$Ed
uN5~ z@c |$C| npusztNvHxHztsH Et* u~z@c |$ $Md-| npusztNvHxHztsH - d t d o
yzn:0y / \l Io
p\lt , :ytMy Gq9:jo l<@qsyzd so Nq?z?xHu No ztsvYoMx sz?vHv > sko Nq?z?xYu ~>$Md
o >frzts Lt\ jo >fMzts yadM t\ d }Nz |-vHvYz?vHv ztxbu-w $skoMuNs orvHxFso9}>cNxHoruNv{o |&z?vYo | |$|-
NvHorv@d Ioz$9q :$lt # vxlvxq prvx9q :$l 2 appr3y :@qslvxqFyt >y AztMl 2 [ d
bus4f Et buNsf $Md t d jln*o
p
qFl&
t Io@v y ,
p /
yz v o ltMl 2#np
q9p0y / Iq Cp :32lp$p
q Jo , yz qFt
:\y 2#o@vx!o A72#vx=q <lz$qslvxo , q9p :@z+o@vxo , lvxld }N x;}Nz?vHorv zt$|sx ztxu-w xF|xHorvHxHorq?v No ztsvYoMxu-w
W|vF}No NxHu zt|xHxHrzd
!