| Handover between WCDMA and GSM Gertie Alsenmyr, Joakim Bergstrém, Mattias Hagberg, Anders Milén, Walter Milller, Hakan Palm, Himke van der Velde, Pontus Wallentin and Fredrik Wallgren Handover between WCDMA and GSM allows the GSM network to be used to give fallback coverage for WCDMA technology. This means that sub- scribers can experience seamless services—even with a phased build-out ‘of WCDMA which is of importance to the commercial launches in 2003. {As the leading total system provider, Ericsson has developed technolo- gies that overcome the challenges of interworking between WCDMA and. GSM. For example, Ericsson was first to demonstrate handover from WCDMA to GSM ina live network. In this article, the authors describe features such as cell re-selection between WCDMA and GSM, compressed mode measurements, the WCDMA-to-GSM cell-change order, handover from WCDMA to GSM, and. handover from GSM to WCDMA, Introduction Thndgenceaion matike sersices ae lose sutzoduced ceoughont the swerld Wadeband vode-division multiple access WCDMA) coohulogy is an exvellene fot provicn setvires, ince meets the performance demands o the Maile Toten, seine Webs acres, ilo ad vide streaming, and widew avd TP multimedia calls Fricsson hos bret a main cogvesbier dising the develupeient oF WCDMA tecluoly torshawe slected Briessanas their vendor WCDMA infessieneure Inhoughe the WCDMA claaslagy wail inically only be deployed go cover urban rats still fel the reed t prow satis feo the ver Start The GSM getworks have a global t= Print thar provides acesstomubile services, ic as voce, creut-svitced and packer BOXA,TERMS AND ABBREVIATIONS — | itil ois vst nan crn SMS) 2G°P Thc. gaaraton Prorat Ths epeeaors whats have a GSM Project network want to capitalize on clei avest= 1896 fa satonconrater “ BSS Bese luton conte iments shen migrating to WCDMA ch Gu Gerenetone ology thin seneration mb corm 8M Goa syste formoble cqopped with both WEDMA. and GSM ‘communication technology would put the enx!-user in con. rat potas is OM BO ce tant witness actly) world ur ‘Mobile terminal mobile service Pou Preece data ust Dsemde WEDMA-GAM mile te RAT Rad aoe ecology anil ofthis kit ecu an inerworkiy fas Fedo beostaten mechanism between the WCDMA fe Rado regency Re, Radotequney {SM techomlogies. For instance ithe wet Sus Shot mecsage serves Hisestablduca ysl wing WCDMA SANS Sevngraaoretwom subsystem | efuliyy, and tet muver ssl UTS Unvera male WEDMA sorry the tie ell pe u te ance er to GSM ott any pet man i veived disturbance WCDMA Fite code-dvlon mute Heson was Gist en demonste acess WEDMA te GSM Iudover sine sal 6 rmovde mobile crits ina live nec. fo tHe demucsation, Erion a ato x tes provider supplying the network ia (ruetire and the mobile crm. Han fover ab a key featute dor ensure inter working between WCDMA and GSB cece tologaes, Eeesson has bret a man driver ducing cach phase ofthe development af fein WEDMA and GSM. tecwatky which included zeseech, slandarcheaivn, product desvlopment and multi-vvnder testing, Below, we deseibe i greater decal te key Keates of this acerworkin Main challenges Several challenges fad to be overcame (i whieve incerworking. between WCDMA al GAM, Fist 10 grt Feasible echoes. Iutiistir he mabe fermi and network implementacens, seme testeicions had lies For example ti ul rat et: mobile eecminal Iwold ie able to he ser eal i WCDMA while seotiag data an’ GSM Hrwever, his capability was restects the stand allowing the mobile eens tescomminacate uth ply ene of the cel holies ats tha WCDMA o GSM Avorbict challenge was te minimize the hayes othe existing GSM intrastrnscs The slcaneticapslates messages in "com tainurs.” Assten in Figure [hem the t work sends a message mt WCDMA, to vader Ihatdower (1 GSM, pact of che WCDMA, messige includes 4 GSM message, which Jeokssxartly the same asi chad been ene frie GSM rata. Ts part WCDMA message ws exttcted i the Bile cerminsl al proves ast bad bre received asa regu GSM message in GSM The sie peinipleiscsd for hatslover rom GSM to WCDMA, aad hay anfoemation is paved on the aterices etwovt network nes For anduver from GSM to WCDMA, th length of the handuver message 18 als at important laser, since handover pesto mune deteriorates wats ligger handover i ikesse he bit eat of de GSM uuoingeataeatsasabaty cacarey arg WCDMA hiner messages. ‘Ui Intl this situation, instead of signaling cach pa rameter of the actnaleenfighration, the et work can signal small size eferene toa prectelined WCDMA radio cunnel con He tiem guration, wk eile sr bile cermin tdetanlt et to the mobile terminal in broadeast mes\WODMAINGOVE message to GSM / ft [amen oe Semicon Sa GStt part st specte A esa nandove sssage ‘Sratea n WCDMA pa sa passai’en 19 GSM part S8It randoyer essa Figure 1 Encapsulation of the GSM handover sage na-containr: that la pat of WCDMA handover message. ages. ‘The preefinedl WCDMA athe resuhs ate compored with a techn haunel configuration describes bit tates, specie threshold, Furthermore, adit Jaca block sizes and other radi parameters puramiters, sels as adjustable ollbets, an of voice or vides call ser Jprowided co comtzol the sectioas beer Inhovils the uetwurk solely communi WCDMA and GSM cells Where the GSM aes withthemebileterminal using axeac=—measitement of WCDMA cells is fess terolugy at atime, the mobile ter- cert the main challenge st ft ce ite minal sid to perform measurements ow foematvn sao existing GSM mes SM slide communicating in WCDMA und vice verse. Since WCDMA tes oni hots transmission abd teveption inactive) igure 2 ae mobile cerminul measure GSM WCDMA. ‘To averreme this obstacle Eerssan bas antrdued whic 1 cals th imps mde metban. As sect in Fag tne 2a short jap is rested in Hansession faeisincras sc before alert ap sant bitrate meuied foe services Sicha vote, Lut for Web browsing and nevesuy Ta the ater ise, he rans Sion ca thus be delayed 1 create gi When the melee wnat sn node ie uses disentiguas transmission Gatalh Stie WCDMA ant GSM ane df technologies dial 1 compare ts tester sls Gom these tcags. Compressed mode creates gaps or idle spaces in time that WCDMA mobile terminals use te perform measurements on GSM colFigures Interoperability of mobile terminals and Network equipment from diferent vendors {serial far handover between WCDMA fand GSM. Ericsson network equipment, in ‘Commercial operation in Japan since 2002 (here represented by the Indoor Macro RBS 3202), has been publicly shown at lllmajor mobile trminal vndors—here Fepresented by two Sony Exesson 21010 terminals Figure 4 Overview of the GSM and WCDMA nodes land interacea involved inthe calle sive abv, a mobile corminal in WCDMA makesse ul compressed mde caste GSM. That, he mobile cermi- nal has a single radio eicener, it recites ompressed mage ot eile han WCDMA and GS¥ radio receivers, it cin use each erceiver an parallel, perforin GSM miesentements withoat fom: neds st the dowalink. Nocwithscanding ‘| receivers reduces talk ti power comurption ie frm Inside mode, sandy time of tae mobil testinal is mainly alles ted by how en tiers ta wake upto monitor radio cbasinels J pertace measgements foe call Sekt, Since a dal aie terminal ms mcasute WCDMA and GSM cell, tis has negative ctect on stanly Cine rom pared te GSM-ouly mobile erminals Ts impens tatsdby ame, tie snobule terminal 1 ale lewd to inhibit measurements theater technslngy tr vxample, WCDMA, Whe ity GSM slice te ay of the eu feo access techtology 8 adequate For the niework settings. Firthezevote, compan to rvs ten betwests GSM cells, de mi stemientreuirenients i the standard az WCDMA sand GSM ce ‘Mobility procedures for interworking between WCDMA and GSM There age vo base moses of wpetatin for Iuandling aobibty Iino, will connect However, dhe necue oan broadcast various parameters to inflate this prow Inve uecwork-contzlled moe chen work espeitly endets die mobile cormuta te vamnect toa spevitic cell Ordinatly the newark bases tects un meastement invemation peo by the mats terms tl For her wotk shonld ronsier eels thc use cach a fess telmely Besides ead link quality roller « te nesvork might als consi poets wlan seleccing te cell, tor examph the cute el ofthe established ser wu pouceduzes have been defined b whic network canard dhe mobile ter ‘migal wcounect wave sing acter cere nolags, mimely the Ieodecer and el age order poovedures. Thess ployed sett hemi cermaal ieaved chutitel, The handover peucesduze previa highet level ef servire since iin nlves a pteparation phase a -whirh ¢ Sonuces an the target cell ae reserve peer to the actual handover Acrorelyy the Ihtslaver precedes empl wht the mobile teeminal is o8ading tet wielind service lor insane, Woiee. The cal change under procedute applies when the mobule termisal is providing parket wield weve, srl as Wels brow i Cell r-selection between WCDMA and GSM While ww WEDMA, the mobile cermoal pesiorms ell re-selection Ibe dual-maate mobile rerminalgeselectsa GSM eel has that well zed ght than the currene WCDMA cell any etiue WCDMAcc1) WCDMA and GSM ella faked togetlwr accusing te sigoal steeouth, ‘Ths same type of ranks incon Whets pestorming cell re-selectiom in WCDMA the mule trasinal citer mes ures GSM cells concznmously of whet th quality of dae serving WCDMA cell falls Telow a javea rtesbiold The mobile term nal_is solely. allowed tor sleet a tow WCDMA or GSM cell when the average ceive quality and avenge signal strength feseced a minimum ttesbeld. "The minimum «palty threshold signal x noise rao} ensures thatthe mobi tert me] can receive the inlormatinn transmittedby the poteotal sarge rll ‘The manimam izes tur sigpal scent enstees that He neck cn reveive the information or ll e-seleetion Ceansnitied by the mobil ecm athe target cell, lis ettetion Frequent re-slectioas ca b nich as penaly tae and anyollset. Lakes wvoided with b Tine cs keep fscomoving mobi from resets smalls cel Large overlay cell has been eon sare e= mins when & 1 pli Uy The by broadcasting WCDMA cell ‘Whit the mobile comin isactivey pe ‘a 154 GSM eelh at sy Inse station subsystem B88) and ret iat viding. packet swite be WCDMA cell and tee tiates the romting acta late peorecic During this precede, the core meron may reteieve formation Foun Ue UMTS, recresttial radio acress network (UTRAN} se taceueat of Hert terminal, wich icles any data pukets wasting i ty Whit complete RAN istelease. Full fone st wuzk efzn le Rolin ae Up dae, Fire 5 shows te message suede ver cell re-selectinn from WEDMA to CoM callin ale me WCDMA-to-GSM o¢ work change order GSM cell ants tothe wc orders the ale termi switch to GSM. Thy dite tod the we of ideratical co that dh WCDMA-to-CSMntdaser procedur The sigan in the cell-change-order prowess deaxcal cu cat inthe ell r= Selection procedureescribo in Figure Sex pl cla etc work selects thetarget GSM. racers By seeding ie UTRAN mes initiates the Thismessage inch net OSM call Handover from WCDMA to GSM Figure 6 shows he message sequen for Ietalaer trom WCDMA tm GSM When Routing res updete Fas content reponse lu rdease comgite outing re update scat Figures WODMA-10-GSM coll ra-salection, ‘Oke mobile erminal his a eizemic- site service an he signal strc falls below a wen threshold, the WEDMA uscwurk ‘ers the mule cemital to perluzin GSM. Typuealy, die mobile ter- «Fo send a measitement Figures Handover from WCDMA to GSM, Roving ea update Measurement por Reeaton regard Handover est Handover equat ack Handover conan Handover compete ‘urease comple Handover competeMeesuenent ep Handover equved eleston sues Peloeston suc Jnsndoversttnatiommang| ‘Hosen toUTra viecemsa mutta corms [ Priel ayer synvonaaton elocston detect [eons | election compte Clear compte Figure? Handover trom GSM to WCDMA. Fou 8 Sion capacity canbe increased by slcting sence ‘based radio acess technology ‘The us andre angles dase system capasty to andi vote and ext ate 0 Zeparnte access echoing, ie and ea we combine hese ecologies and enble SShace-based handover betwen ert apacy can vay depenang on how te ser ‘ices located To achieve maximum cxpacy, sl at sss she be alorated othe $f echnotogy anda vice wert thera Gsahed Sick ine). Mmm expscy Test tal dete vor are alcated to the ratechology and voce urs ote Br (Gold black ine) Datausers ‘Senvice mix alcaton \teamum eapacy ‘Seniee mixaloeaton (ranma eapacty). 10 fepwat when the quality af « oeighbore GoM cell exceeds a given caged and the quality trom WCDMA is uasatista ory Win) UTRAN receives th 1 initiates te and see fi hander tar example, provided mei pert messize cover, gin hat al Thve been fled the mobile terminal ist vices that require WCDMA, UTRAN ther wks target BSSto gesetve tess. Th tacget BSS prepares ha message, whiclt cludes the deta of the This GSM me whieh i sent tothe mobile terminal vat the WCDMA radio intetlie, is withiay a container that is compart posse on by ie diferent net Wut ve mobile cerminal revives te Inagalewee comma, st moses te Lage GSM cell ni establishes he bio cen tio iy acordance with tie parameters i lage i the ban dover The mobile termins) ixdicates seers femplevion of tie hundover by seding Horated vse wet cumplee message tothe BSS.alet which the GSM nerwerk intates the lease ihe WCDMA tals conection Handover from GSM to WCDMA Figure 7 shows the mesage sequence for Irtdower trom GSM ta WCDMA. The vet work orders the dal -meske mobile cermin to periorm WEDMA messrenents b afi he messirenieth anormation me hic T contains formation on weigh tore WCDMA cells and the etter tor peciouming and tepatiog measizemetts When the criteria for hundover 6 WCDMA have bec me, the BSS initiates {ie allocation of testes tothe WCDMA cl Ennap suthic BSS iste imation to UTRAN un the WCDMA capabaitisot he msl serm ina Wu the test es ofthe WCDMA tat ‘ell ase been allocated, UTRAN cam prs the hsaxlover o- (TRAN eomaitd message whl typially-aneludes he ide tity ofthe pre-delinedcomligurtion foe the service in se. This message 8 ta set teanspurely to the mobile terminal Uizough Ge vore network ad BSS, ‘When te mobile temnal teceaves the Inns to-UTRAN command message i Tonesto the WEDMA ftequeney ane bi tad syuchronization. The mobile teeaanal pandover ws ‘eon Uke handover rnplecemessage,after whl te in GSM ate eeleased Ue atabeates tha ty sll by UTRANFenn ee = = ona a RNC, RBS, [Ericsson Research a £50 oa Handover between Integration and WCDMA and ee ae —_= . (see SSS iS vase Figure 9 ‘Suocessful handover betwaen WCDMA fand GSM rogues aholetie perspective, From coverage fallback to network optimization described above, hefirst WCDMA mezeul amtworks provide basic «ue lalla co GSM. "Thistalllack is merely te list sep om thie way coward ate sera necwork, white WCDMA. and GSM, tom rer wah ocr aes teases, com bruv fre single net ork Theteate iweampectant eas tise lunisn The Hist eeites te mnimsaing ty eserves impact om the Fite terainal chang sind GSM. The. Ship Peajeet GP ser lee m= betwen WCDMA scurry workity om the WCDMA aod GSM ss inter system paket cakiancements standands (uch Itc shat will echoes te acta inter Inption souser dasa tpinster fom sends Iraccionsofasecond during parket-stch The acer are relates to tte abulicy of te Iraolagy tac ae reese is best capable of providiny seevice and quality. This in-ludes dhe trig fer tier for moving betweety GSM and WCDMA acres technalegies. By tigger ing a change of tabi access chology wo, for example, reqursted service eype, it posse tu provid the apprapeate cual at service for te el, aa all capacity of th ca be obi, penile tb Conclusion Thanks to avterworking between WCDMA, xd GSM, users third-generation mobule feces eam eno the very sant. The challenges of inter wetkina between WCDMA atl GSM has hv ewercome us # daslede mobile terminals * compressed mode channel aveasurs ments lectins beter, WCDMA sod fale Gy # WCDMA co GSM cell change wader; and © hanver between WCDMA ail GSM Eriswn bs succeslly demnsiaced hata ver bewien WCDMA and COM asinedal- rmosdemolileterminalsnalie network. Ths event, whic: nquired a bolisuc perspective wav the roll ofa ong-tern eto (en years) in sear, sanhzdaatien, system develop nce and inecuperlty tens Exist is ala total the ater of WCDMA. cn pra in GSM anterak dinthis ties, seh 2s compressed mone aod an ‘over rum WCDMA te GSM. is available it the Fries) WCDMA sd GSM tvork infeasiructe and ip che mobile eeminal plate produce bee commercial Faanchecl in 200, REFERENCES 1 Bikedal A, Corbett, E, Jamal, K and Wooateis, K:Expeances of operating a bre commercial WCDMA network Encsson Reviw VoL 79/2002) 2, pp. 50- 2. 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