State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Purpose: Designed to study anxiety. Population: Grades 9-16 and adults.

Score: 2 scores: state anxiety and trait anxiety. Time: (10-20) minutes. Author: Charles D. !iel"erger# $ichard %. Gorusch# and $o"ert &. %ushene. Publisher: Consulting 'sychologists 'ress# (nc.

Description: )he tate-)rait *nxiety (n+entory ( )*() ,as initially conce!tuali-ed as a research instrument .or the study o. anxiety in adults. (t is a sel.-re!ort assessment de+ice ,hich includes se!arate measures o. state and trait anxiety. *ccording to the author# state anxiety re.lects a /transitory emotional state or condition o. the human organism that is characteri-ed "y su"0ecti+e# consciously !ercei+ed .eelings o. tension and a!!rehension# and heightened autonomic ner+ous system acti+ity./ tate anxiety may .luctuate o+er time and can +ary in intensity. (n contrast# trait anxiety denotes /relati+ely sta"le indi+idual di..erences in anxiety !roneness . . ./ and re.ers to a general tendency to res!ond ,ith anxiety to !ercei+ed threats in the en+ironment. Scoring and Norms: cores on the )*( ha+e a direct inter!retation: high scores on their res!ecti+e scales mean more trait or state anxiety and lo, scores mean less. 1oth !ercentile ran2s and standard ()) scores are a+aila"le .or male and .emale ,or2ing adults in three age grou!s (19-39# 40-49# 50-69)# male and .emale high school and college students# male military recruits# male neuro!sychiatric !atients# male medical !atients# and male !rison inmates. Reliability: )he sta"ility o. the )*( scales ,as assessed on male and .emale sam!les o. high school and college students .or test-retest inter+als ranging .rom one hour to 104 days. )he magnitude o. the relia"ility coe..icients decreased as a .unction o. inter+al length. 6or the )rait-anxiety scale the coe..icients ranged .rom .65 to .76# ,hereas the range .or the tate-anxiety scale ,as .16 to .62. )his lo, le+el o. sta"ility .or the tateanxiety scale is ex!ected since res!onses to the items on this scale are thought to re.lect the in.luence o. ,hate+er transient situational .actors exist at the time o. testing. alidity: Correlations are !resented in the manual "et,een this scale and other measures o. trait-anxiety: the )aylor 8ani.est *nxiety cale# the ('*) *nxiety cale# and the 8ulti!le *..ect *d0ecti+e Chec2 %ist. )hese correlations are .70#.95# and .52# res!ecti+ely. Suggested !ses: $ecommended .or studying anxiety in research and clinical settings.