I.

rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf ::-

tuyhW
1. n[h;kdp kw;Wk; ,j;jhyp xd;wpizf;fg;gl;l Mz;L m) njhopw; Gul;rp M) jfty; njhopy; El;g Gul;rp m) etPd fhjpgj;jpak; m) 1870 M) 1872 ,) 1780 <) 1782 2. %yg; nghUl;fspd; Njitia mjpfg;gbahf cUthf;fpaJ ,) gpnuQ;R Gul;rp <) Ntshz;ik Gul;rp <) ,uhZt fhjpgj;jpak; 3. 1870 Kjy; 1945 tiu INuhg;gpa ehLfs; gpd;gw;wpa fhjpgj;jpaf; nfhs;if M) murpay; fhjpgj;jpak; ,) Gjpa fhjpgj;jpak; ,) thd; <) ePh; <) fp.gp.1700 <) bgpuh]h 4. nghUl;fspd;; N;ghf;;Ftuj;;ij mjpfupf;fr; nra;jJ m) ,uapy;Nt M) rhiy 5. Mq;fpy fpof;fpe;jpa tzpff; FO Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L m) fp.gp. 1600 M) fp.gp. 1664 ,) fp.gp.1644 6. gpnuQ;R fpof;fpe;jpa tzpff; FOit epWtpath; m) 14-k; Yhap M) fhy;gh;l; ,) 16-k; Yhap 7. rPdf; Fbauir cUthf;fpath; m) lhf;lh; rd;ahl;nrd; M) #-nad;-yha; m) n`ypNfhyhe;J M) Myhe;J ,) khNrj;Jq; <) rpahd;Nf n\f; ,) [_yhe;J <) mah;yhe;J 8. nfa;rh; ,uz;lhk; tpy;ypak; flw; gilia epWj;jpapUe;j ,lk; 9. M];jpupa gl;lj;J ,sturh; m) gpuhd;rp]; ngh;bdhd;l; M) gpuhd;rp]; ba+f ,) gpuhd;rp] b nyrg;]; <) gpuhd;rp]; Ngahfd; 10. n[h;kdp> gpuhd;rpd; kPJ gilnaLf;f ,jd; topahfr; nrd;wJ m) nejh;yhe;J M) yf;]k;gh;f; m) Yg;;lhg; M) uhay; ,) iud;yhe;J <) ngy;[pak; <) ngh;ypd; 11. n[h;kdpahy; %o;fbf;fg;gl;l mnkupf;fhtpd; Gfo; ngw;w tzpff; fg;gy; ,) Yhrplhdpah 12. u\;ahtpy; rhh; tk;r Ml;rpia KbTf;F nfhz;L te;jth; m) nydpd; M) fhuy; khh;f;]; ,) khh;Nlht; <) ];lhypd; 13. n[h;khdpa fg;gw; gil jfh;f;fg;gl;l fly; Nghh; m) [l;yhe;J M) lhfh; ghq;f; ,) tlfly; 14. Kjy; cyfg; Nghiu KbTf;F nfhz;L te;jJ m) yz;ld; mikjp khehL <) Nuhk; mikjp khehL ,) ngh;ypd; mikjp khehL <) ghuP]; mikjp khehL 15. rh;tNjr rq;fk; mjpfhug+h;tkhf Njhd;wpa ehs; m) khh;r; 7> 1930 M) khh;r; 2> 1928 ,) [dtup 20> 1920 16. nghUshjhu ngUk; ke;jk; Njhd;wpa ehL m) ,q;fpyhe;J m) jpNahlh; &];nty;l; M) mnkupf;fh ,) gpuhd;]; <) n[h;kdp <) vg;.b. &];nty;l; 17. 1929-y; mnkupf;f [dhjpgjpahf ,Ue;jth; M) cl;Nuh tpy;rd; ,) n`h;gh;l; `_th; <) [dtup 20> 1924 <) ghy;bf; fly;

18. mnkupf;fh;fs; Nguhh;tj;Jld; <Lgl;l Jiw m) tzpfk; m) 1930 M) #jhl;lk; ,) rpdpkh M) 1940 ,) 1950 <) gq;F tzpfr; re;ij <) 1945 <) nydpd; ,) epiyahd Ml;rp <) FbauRMl;rp 19. mnkupf;f nghUshjhuk; ,ay;G epiyf;Fj; jpUk;gpaJ 20. ghrpr fl;rpia Njhw;Wtpj;jth; m) `pl;yh; M) KNrhypdp ,)];lhypd; 21. KNrhypdpahy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ m) [dehaf Ml;rp m) rh;r;rpy; M) fk;a+dpr Ml;rp 22.KNrhypdpAld; nghJf; nfhs;ifia Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;lth; M) `pl;yh; ,) ];lhypd; <) nydpd; 23. rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpypUe;J KNrhypdp tpyfpa Mz;L m) 1931 M) 1932 ,) 1935 <) 1937 24. $l;Lg; gil tsk; kpf;f ,lj;ij Mf;fpukpg;G nra;jJ m) iud;yhe;J m) ngapz;lh; M) #ll;ld;yhe;J M) ijaw;fhuh; ,) fpuPd;yhe;J <) gpd;yhe;J <) tq;fp Copah; 25. `pl;yh;> tpad;dhtpy; gzpahw;wpaJ ,) Mrpupah; 26. 1941-k; Mz;L `pl;yh; gilnaLj;j ehL m) u\;ah M) gpuhd;R ,) gpu\;ah 27. $l;L ehLfs;

<) ghurPfk;

ehl;bd; tUifahy; typik ngw;wd.

m) M];jpupah M) mnkupf;fh ,) gpd;yhe;J <) Nghye;J 28. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhf mike;j cld;gbf;if m) nth;Nry;]; cld;gbf;if M) Nuhk; cld;gbf;if ,) yz;ld; cld;gbf;if <) Mf;];yh rhNgy; cld;gbf;if 29. gpuhd;Rf;Ff; nfhLf;fg;gl;l epyf;fupr; Ruq;fk; m) [hupah m) rPdh M) rhh;,) nghfhNuh <) uhzpfQ;r; M) [g;ghd; ,) ,e;jpah <) nfhupah 30. Kjy; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpd; ty;yurhf vOr;rp ngw;w ehL 31. rz;ilAk;> ifg;gw;WjYk; vd;w nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;wpath;fs; m) kpjthjpfs; M) jPtputhjpfs; ,) rh;thjpfhup <) Gul;rpahsh;fs; 32. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghhpd; NghJ gpupl;b\; gpujkuhf ,Ue;jth; m) rh;. tpd;rd;l; rh;r;rpy; M) fpsnkz;L ml;yp ,) jhl;rh; <) yhapl;]; [hh;[; 33. If;fpa ehLfs; rig Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Mz;L: m) 1955 M) 1945 ,) 1965 <) 1975 34. I. eh.tpd; epue;ju mit m) nghJ rig M) jiyikr; nrayfk; ,) ghJfhg;G mit <) jh;kfh;j;jh mit 35. gd;dhl;L epPjpkd;wj;jpd; jiyikafk; mike;Js;sJ m) jpN`f; M) ngh;ypd; ,) Nuhk; <) Nlhf;fpNah

36. I. eh. tpd; nghd; tpoh Mz;L m) 1985 M) 2005 ,) 1995 <) 1975 37. INuhg;gpa xd;wpa kd;wk;> rpy Neuq;fspy; miof;fg;gLtJ m) tzpfh; xd;wpak; M) tptrhapfs; xd;wpak ,) Efh;Nthh; xd;wpak; <) ke;jpupfspd; $l;likg;G 38. INuhg;gpa $l;likg;gpd; nghUshjhuf; nfhs;iffis ftdpj;J tUtJ m) kj;jpa tq;fp M) uprh;t; tq;fp ,) ];Nll; tq;fp <) ];tp]; tq;fp 39. INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; xw;iw ehzak; m) lhyh; M) nad; ,) a+Nuh <) gTz;L 40. INuhg;gpa xd;wpak; tYthd cwit Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUg;gJ m) mnkupf;fh M) u\;ah ,) I.eh. rig <) If;fpa muG ehLfs; 41. 1857 Mk; Mz;L ngUk; Gul;rpia Mq;fpy tuyhw;W mwpQh;fs; mioj;jJ m) giltPuh; fyfk; M) ngUk; fyfk; ,) ,e;jpa Rje;jpug; Nghh; <) Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lk; 42. ,e;jpa tuyhw;W mwpQh;fs; 1857-k; Mz;L ngUk; Gul;rpia mioj;jJ m) rpg;gha; fyfk; m) ypl;ld; gpuG M) ngUk; Gul;rp ,) Kjy; ,e;jpa Rje;jpug;Nghh <) giltPuh; fyfk; 43. 1857-k; Mz;L ngUk; Gul;rpapd; NghJ ,e;jpahtpd; fth;dh; n[duyhf ,Ue;jth; M) upg;gd; gpuG ,) fhdpq; gpuG <) nty;]py;yp gpuG 44. nghJ ,uhZtg; gzpahsh; rl;lk; nfhz;L tug;gl;l Mz;L m) 1856 M) 1857 ,) 1858 <) 1859 45. Kjd; Kjypy; Gul;rp ntbj;jJ m) kPul; M) g;nuapyp ,) ghuf;g+h; <) fhd;g+h; <) urpah Ry;jhdh 46. mNahj;jp ethg;gpd; kidtp m) Kk;jh[; M) ghj;jpkh Ngfk; ,) Ngfk; `[;uj;kfhy; 47. rPh;jpUj;j ,af;fq;fspd; Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo;e;jth; m) ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; M) jahde;j ru];tjp ,) Nfrt; re;jpunrd; <) NjNte;jpuehj; jh$h; 48. Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjpahy; epWtg;gl;lJ m) gpuk;k rkh[k; M) Mupa rkh[k; ,) NkYhh; ,) gpuhh;j;jd rkh[k; <) mypfhh; ,af;fk; <) `k;gp <) K];yPk; yPf; 49. ,uhk fpU\;z klj;jpd; jiyikafk; mike;Js;s ,lk; m) fhQ;rPGuk; M) NgYhh; 50. rh; iraJ mfkJfhd; njhlq;fpaJ m) mypfhh; ,af;fk; M) gpuk;k Qhd rig ,) rkur Rj;j rd;khh;f;f rq;fk; 51. Nfushitr; Nrh;e;j rpwe;j r%f rPh;jpUj;jthjp m) = ehuhaz FU m) Vfhjpgj;jpak; M) FU gpurhj; M) murpay; ,) FU ehdf; <) FU rhap ,) gilnaLg;G <) Ngr;R thh;j;ij 52. gpupl;b\hH xd;Wgl;l ehl;il cUthf;fpaJ 53. gbj;j ,e;jpah;fspd; nkhopahf mike;jJ m) gpnuQ;R M) Mq;fpyk; ,) ,e;jp

<) tq;fhsk;

54. rka kw;Wk; r%f rPh;jpUj;jthjpfshy; cUthdJ m) Njrpak; m) #uj; M) Gul;rp M) yh$h; ,) fyfk; ,) jpupGuh <) fpsh;r;rp <) kjuh]; <) ghujpahh; <) td;Kiw <) khh;r; 26> 1950 55. fhq;fpurpy; gpsit Vw;gLj;jpa khehL 56. gk;ghapy; jd;dhl;rp fofj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;jth; m) NeU M) jpUkjp. md;dp ngrd;l; m) rj;jpah fpufk;

,) jpyfh;

57. Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; fhe;jp[p cgNahfpj;j Gjpa Af;jpKiw M) ntspg;gil nfhs;if ,) ePz;l gazk; 58. ,e;jpa murpayikg;G eilKiwg; gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L m) [dtup 26> 1950 M) gpg;tup 26> 1950 ,) Mf];l; 26> 1950 59. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupy; ,e;jpah;fis <LgLj;jpath; m) fhdpq; gpuG M) ly;`Trp ,) ypd; ypj;Nfh <) ypl;ld; gpuG 60. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; kw;Wk; filrp fth;dh; n[duy; m) nksz;l; Ngl;ld; gpuG M) NeU ,) ,uh[Nfhghyhr;rhup 61. ,e;jpa rk];jhdq;fis ,izf;Fk; gzpia Nkw;nfhz;lth; m) lhf;lh; gp.Mh;. mk;Ngj;fhh; M) ,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj; ,) ,uh[h[p <) rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gNly; 62. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; FbauRj; jiyth; m) lhf;lh; ,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj; M) fhe;jp[p ,) lhf;lh; ,uhjhfpU\;zd <) rj;jpa%h;j;jp 63. NtYhupy; ,e;jpa tPh;fis Mq;fpNyaUf;F vjpuhfr; nray;glj; Jhz;bath; m) i`jh; myp M) jpg;G Ry;jhdpd; kfd;fs; ,) rpth[papd; kfd;fs; <) \h[`hdpd; kfd;fs; 64. Ntjhuz;ak; cg;G rj;jpahfpufj;ij elj;jpath; m) b.v];. ,uh[d; M) gf;jtj;ryk; ,) ,uh[Nfhghyhr;rhup <) t.c.rp. 65. gpupl;b\hupd; ifJ Mizf;F vjpuhf ghujpahh; jg;gpNahbaJ m) nrd;id M) ngq;f@h; ,) i`juhghj; <) ghz;br;Nrup 66. itf;fk; mike;Js;s ,lk; m) jkpo;ehL gl;l ,lk; M) Me;jpu gpuNjrk; ,) fh;ehlfk; <) Nfush 67. lhf;lh;. Kj;Jyl;Rkpapd; rPupa Kaw;rpahy; Gw;W Neha; kUj;Jt kid njhlq;fg; m) mz;zh efh; M) nrq;fy;gl;L ,) fhQ;rpGuk; <) milahh; M) ru];tjp ,y;yk; ,) mt;it ,y;yk; <) yl;Rkp ,y;yk; 68. lhf;lh; Kj;Jyl;Rkpahy; njhlq;fg;gl;l mdhij ,y;yk; m) md;G ,y;yk; 69. ,e;jpahtpw;F m) Nkw;F jpir 70. ghf; ePh; re;jp m) =yq;fh m) mfkjhghj; <) fhkuh[h;

Gtpapay;
apy; tq;fsh tpupFlh mike;Js;sJ. M) njw;F jpir ,) njd;fpof;F jpir <) njd;Nkw;F jpir it ,e;jpahtpypUe;J gpupf;fpwJ. M) kpahd;khh; ,) khyj; jPTfs; M) myfhghj; <) yl;rj; jPTfs; eLNt nry;fpwJ.

71. ,e;jpahtpd; eLNt nry;Yk; kpf Kf;fpa jPph;f;f NfhL

,) i`juhghj; <) mTuq;fhghj;

72. ,e;jpahtpd; kpf caukhd rpfuk; m) vtnu];l; M) fhl;tpd; M];bd; 73. fq;if Mw;wpd; gpwg;gplk; m) aKNehj;jpup 74. ,ka kiyfs; m) gdp ciwtplk; 75. ,e;jpahtpy; epyTtJ 76. flw;fiu gFjpfspy; epyTtJ m fz;l M) rkkhd M) rpahr;rpd; ,) fq;Nfhj;up <) fhuf;Nfhuk; <),khj;up <) Fsph; vd miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. M) ,khr;ry; ,) rpthspf; fhy epiy fhyepiy. ,) <ug;gj <) ntg;g ,) fQ;rd;[q;fh <) jtsfpup

m) kpjntl;g kz;ly M) ntg;g kz;ly gUtf;fhw;W ,) ntg;g kz;ly

77. njd;Nkw;F gUtfhw;W jpirf;F ,izahf mike;Js;s kiyfs; m) ) Muty;yp M) rhj;g+uh ,) tpe;jpah <) ikf;fhyh 78. twz;l epyg; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; kz; m) ghiy kz; 79. gUtf; fhw;Wf; fhLfs; M) #iy kz; MFk;. ,) fUg;G kz; <) tz;ly; kz; ,) ,iyAjph; fhLfs; <) epyf;fup

vd;Wk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

m) mad kz;ly gRikkhwhf; fhLfs;

,) khq;FNuht; fhLfs; <) kiyf; fhLfs; 80. NkhNdhirl; kzypy; fhzg;gLk; jhJ m) vz;nza; M) ANudpak; ,)Njhupak; 81. ney; mjpfkhf tpisAk; kz; m) fupry; kz; 82. twl;rpapYk; tsUk; gaph; 83. gUj;jp xU M) nrk;kz; ,) tz;ly; kz; m) ney; <) ruis kz; <) jpid tif M) NfhJik ,) rzy;

m) czTg; gaph;

M) gzg; gaph; ,) Njhl;lg; gaph; <) jpidg; gaph; <) nfhy;nfhj;jh <) gpsha; <) gUj;jp

84. ,e;jpahtpd; khd;nr];lh; vd;wiof;fg;gLtJ m) nly;yp M) nrd;id ,) Kk;ig 85. lhlh v/F epWtdk; mike;Js;s ,lk; m) Jh;f;fhg+h; 86. Nrhlh ehfGup gPlg+kp m) ,aw;if jhtuk; M) gh;d;g+h;

,) [hk;n\l;g+h;

tsj;jpw;F Gfo; ngw;wJ. M) fdpk tsk; ,) tz;ly; kz; ,) ngq;f@h;

87. kpd;dpay; jiyefuk; vd miof;fg;gLtJ m) fhd;g+h; M) Nfhak;Gj;Jhh; m) ePh; khriljy; m) thfd Gif

<) kJiu

88. XilfspYk;> VupfspYk; ,aw;if rj;J mjpfupg;gJ M) kpifa+l;l tsKWjy; ,) fhw;W khriljy; <) xyp khriljy; M) vupkiy ntbg;G ,) mdy; kpd;rf;jp epiyak; <) ePh; kpd;rf;jp epiyak; 89. ,aw;if fhw;W khriltjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzk; 90. xU ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; eilngWk; tzpfk; m) gy;fpis tzpfk; M) gd;dhl;L tzpfk; ,) cs;ehl;L tzpfk;

<) gz;l khw;W tzpfk;

91. ek; ehl;by; Fiwe;j nryT kw;Wk; midtuhYk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Nghf;Ftuj;J m) thd;ntsp M) rhiy top ,) ePh; top m) Kk;ig M) nly;yp ,) ehf;g+h; <) Foha; top <) jpUr;rp <) Gifg;glf; fUtp 92. ,e;jpa ,uapy; Nghf;Ftuj;jpd; jiyikafk; cs;s ,lk; 93. kpd; fhe;j gpujpgypg;gij fz;lwpAk; fUtp m) ,yf;F M) czup ,) nghUs;

Fbikapay;
94. ,e;jpah mjpfg;gbahd ek;gpf;ifia nfhz;bUg;gJ m) Nghh; M) mikjp ,) md;G <) gifik 95. ,d xJf;fy; nfhs;if Kbtpw;F te;j Mz;L m) 1990 m) [pd;dh M) 1991 M) M\hd; ,) 1890 <) 1989 <) fhe;jp 96. rhh;f; mikg;gpd; Kjy; nghJr; nrayhsh; ,) Nfhgp Mdd; 97. jw;fhyj;jpy; kpfTk; gpurpj;jp ngw;w murhq;f Kiw m) Fbahl;rp M) cah;Fbahl;rp ,) kf;fshl;rp <) rh;tjpfhuk; 98. Neub kf;fshl;rp goq;fhyj;jpy; eilKiwapy; ,Ue;jJ m) fpupP]; M) ,j;jhyp ,) rhh;bdpah <) irg;u]; 99. vjph;fl;rp jiytUf;F mspf;fg;gl;Ls;s me;j];J m) fhgpdl; mikr;rh; M) ,iz mikr;rh; ,) khepy mikr;rh; <) mikr;ruit mikr;rh; 100. Njh;jypy; Nghl;bapl Njitahd taJ m) 20 M) 18 ,) 25 <) 35 101. kj;jpapy; Njh;e;njLf;fg;gl;l gpujpepjpfis nfhz;l mikg;G m) rl;lkd;wk; M) cr;r ePjpkd;wk; 102. Njh;jy; Mizak; mike;Js;s ,lk; m) kjuh]; M) Kk;ig ,) Kuhjhghj; <) nly;yp 103. ekJ ehl;bd; gok; ngUk; rkak; m) Ntj rkak; M) fpwpj;Jt rkak; ,) ,];yhk; <) n[huh];bupa rkak; 104. ,e;jpahtpy; mq;fPfupf;fg;gl;l mYtyf nkhopfs; m) 25 105. nkhop vd;gJ M) 23 ,) 22 <) 28 m) Nghf;Ftuj;J M) ePh; ghrdk; ,) ,izg;G fUtp <) czh;Tg;g+h;tkhdJ ,) nghJf; fl;rpfs; mit <) ghuhSkd;wk;

106. Gj;j g+h;zpkh nfhz;lhLgth;fs; m) ,e;jpah;fs; M) K];yPk;fs; ,) rkzh;fs; <) Gj;j kjj;jpdh; 107. xU nghUis KOikahf gad;gLj;JNthh; m) cw;gj;jpahsh; M) Efh;Nthh; ,)filf;fhuh; <) tptrhap 108. jfty; mwpAk; rl;lk; ghuhSkd;wj;jpy; epiwNtw;wg;gl;lJ m) mf;Nlhgh; 12> 2005 M) mf;Nlhgh; 21> 2005 ,) mf;Nlhgh; 12> 2006 <) mf;Nlhgh; 21> 2006

109. cyf Efh;Nthh; jpdkhf nfhz;lhlg;gLtJ m) khh;r; 15 M) khh;r; 16 ,) khh;r; 14 <) khh;r; 11

nghUspapay;
110. ehl;L tUkhdj;jpd; kw;nwhU ngah; m) cz;ik tUkhdk; M) gz tUkhdk; ,) nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp 111. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; topKiwfs; m) 2 Kiwfs; M) 3 Kiwfs; ,) 4 Kiwfs; <) 5 Kiwfs; ,) 2930 lhyh;fs; <) 600 lhyh;fs; 112. ,e;jpahtpd; jyh tUkhdk; m) 220 lhyh;fs; M) 950 lhyh;fs; 113. Kjd;ikj; Jiw vd;gJ m) tzpfk; M) fl;likg;G Jiw ,) Ntshz;ikj; Jiw <) njhiyj; njhlh;G Jiw M) kf;fspd; Vo;ik epiyia 114. jyh tUkhdk; Rl;bf; fhl;LtJ m) kf;fspd; nry;t epiyia ,) kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;ij <) kf;fspd; fy;tp epiyia 115. ,e;jpa ehl;L tUkhdj;jpy; Kjd;ikj; Jiwapd; gq;fspg;G m) 15. 8 % M) 25.8 % ,) 58.4 % <) 12.8 % 116. ,e;jpa jpl;lf; FOtpd; jiyth; m) FbauRj; jiyth; M) gpujkh; m) 1962 M) 1950 ,) epjpaikr;rh; <) FbauRj; Jizj; jiyth; <) 1949 117. ,e;jpahtpy; jpl;lf; FO mikf;fg;gl;l Mz;L ,) 1956 118. ,e;jpag; gpujkh; NeU ,e;jpag; nghUshjhuk; mika tpUk;gpdh; m) fyg;G nghUshjhukhf M) rkjh;k nghUshjhukhf ,) Kjyhspj;Jt nghUshjhukhf <) gzg; nghUshjhukhf 119. gRikg; Gul;rp eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l Mz;L m) 1967 M) 1977 ,) 1987 <) 1957 120.g+kpjhd ,af;fj;jpid njhlq;fpath; m) n[ag;gpufh\;ehuhaz; M) [tfh;yhy; NeU ,) Mr;rhupah tpNdhghNt <) lhf;lh; ,uhN[e;jpu gpurhj; 121. gjpNdhwhtJ Ie;jhz;Lj; jpllf; fhyk; m) 1956-61 II. nghUj;Jf ::1. fh;ehlfg; Nghh;fs; 2. ,dntwpf; nfhs;if 3. gd;dhl;L FbNaw;wk; 4. fpskd;Nfh 5. cl;Nuh tpy;rd; Mg;gpupf;fh rPdh ,e;jpahtpy; gpnuQ;R Mjpf;f KbT mnkupf;fh gpuhd;R M) 1997-2002 ,)2002-2007 <) 2007-2012 <) ngausT tUkhdk;

nghUj;Jf 6. ntu;Nry;]; cld;gbf;if 7. nrt;Nu]; cld;gbf;if 8. nghUshjhu ngU ke;jk; 9. $l;lhl;rp uprh;t; tq;fp 10. fUQ;rl;il nghUj;Jf 11. Nuhk; mzptFg;G 12. nf];lNgh

,j;jhyp M];jpupah 1939 gq;Fr; re;ijfspy; fld; KjyPL flDjtp

vdJ Nghuhl;lk; 1922 `pl;yupd; ufrpa fhty; gil n[h;kdp u\;ah

13. nkapd; fhk;g; 14. mopj;Jg; gpd; thq;Fk; nfhs;if 15. Yhg;lhg; nghUj;Jf ::16. epa+ahh;f; 17. mZ Nrhjid jilr; rl;lk; 18. a+Nuh 19. kq;fs; ghz;Nl 20. ehdh rhfpg; nghUj;Jf:f:21. ,uhzp ,yl;Rkp 22. ngUk; Gul;rp 24. etPd ,e;jpahtpd; tpbnts;sp 25. ,e;J rkaj;jpd; khh;bd; Yhjh; nghUj;Jf:f:26. epa+ ,e;jpah 27. ts;syhh; 28. Rg;gpukzpa ghujp 29. Nfrup 30. rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gNly; -

1963 I.eh. jiyikafk; fhd;g+h; 2002 ghuf;g+h;

kfh rhrdk; kj;jpa ,e;jpah Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjp ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha;

23. tpf;Nlhupa kfhuhzpapd; Nguwpf;if - 1857

,uhkypq;f mbfs; md;dp ngrd;l; ,e;jpahtpd; gp];khh;f; ehl;L gw;W kpf;f vOj;jhsh; ghyfq;fhju jpyfh;

nghUj;Jf:f:31. nrsupnrsuh 32. gQ;rhgpd; rpq;fk; 33. vy;iy fhe;jp 34. Nkhjpyhy; NeU 35. itf;fk; tPuh; nghUj;Jf:f:36. Gdpj jyk; 37. juha; 38. yhth gPlg+kp 39 ehh;nt];lh;]; 40. mjpf kio ngWk; gFjp nghUj;Jf:f:41. fupry; kz; 42. gOg;G epyf;fup 43. khq;FNuht; fhLfs; 44. NfhJik 45. fUk;G nghUj;Jf:f:46. rzy; 47. nkd;nghUs; njhopyfk; 48. ,Uk;G v/F njhopyfk; 49. rh;f;fiu njhopyfk; 50. kj;jpa ,uapy;Nt nghUj;Jf:f:51. njw;F ,uapy;Nt 52. tlf;F ,uapy;Nt 53. epy msit 54. tpkhdk; 55. bMh;Xv];

fhd; mg;Jy; fhgh;fhd; cj;jpug; gpuNjrk; Rauh[;a fl;rp <.Nt. uhkrhkp yhyh y[gj;jpuha;

khstk; Nfjhh;ehj; rJg;G epyk; nksrpd;uhk;

-tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpd; jyf;fhw;W

xU tif epyf;fup gUj;jpg; gaph; cj;jpug; gpuNjrk; Re;jutdk; gQ;rhg;

jkpo;ehL Nkw;F tq;fhsk; Kk;ig Nrhl;lh ehfGup kz;lyk; cj;jpug; gpuNjrk;

mnkupf;f If;fpa ehLfs; Kiwahd thd;top epyw;glk; nrd;id Vuhskhd topfs; nly;yp

tpilfs;
rupahd tpiliaj; Njh;T nra;f. 1. 1870 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. njhopw; Gul;rp Gjpa fhjpgj;jpak; ,uapy;Nt fp.gp. 1600 fhy;gh;l; lhf;lh; rd;ahl;nrd; `ypNfhyhe;J gpuhd;rp]; ngh;bdhd;l; ngy;[pak; Yhrpl;lhdpah nydpd; [_l;yhe;J ghupR mikjp khehL [dtup 20> 1920 mnkupf;fh n`h;gh;l; `Pth; gq;F tzpfr; re;ij 1940 KNrhypdp epiyahd Ml;rp `pl;yh; 1937 iud;yhe;J ngapz;lh; u\;ahf;fh mnkupf;fh nth;Nry;]; cld;gbf;if rhh; [g;ghd; ; 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39. 40. rh;thjpfhupfs; rh; tpd;];ld; rh;r;rpy; 1945 nghJr; rig jpN`f; 1995 ke;jpupfspd; $l;likg;G kj;jpa tq;fp ANuh I.eh. rig

41. gil tPuh; fyfk; 42. Kjy; ,e;jpa Rje;jpug; Nghh; 43. fhdpq; gpuG 44. 1856 45. kPul; 46. Ngfk; `[;uj; kfhy; 47. ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; 48. 49. 50. 51. Mh;a rkh[k; NgYhh; mypfhh; ,af;fk; =ehuhaz FU

52. fhjpgj;jpak; 53.. Mq;fpyk; 54. Njrpak; 55. #uj; 56. jpyfh; 57. 58. 59. 60. rj;jpah fpufk; [dtup 26> 1950 ypd;ypj;Nfh ,uh[Nfhghyhr;rhup

61.

rh;jhh; ty;ygha; gNly;

96. M\hd; 97. kf;fshl;rp 98. fpuP]; 99. fhgpdl; mikr;rh; 100. 25 101. ghuhSkd;wk; 102. GJnly;yp 103. Ntj rkak; 104. 22 105. ,izg;Gf; fUtp 106. Gj;j kjj;jpdh; 107. Efh;Nthh; 108. mf;Nlhgh; 12> 2005 109. khh;r; 15 110. nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp 111. 3 Kiwfs; 112. 950 lhyh;fs; 113. Ntshz;ikj; Jiw 114. kf;fspd; tho;ifj; juj;ij 115. 15.8 % 116. gpujkh; 117. 1950 118. fyg;G nghUshjhukhf mika tpUg;gpdhh; 119. 1967 120. Mr;rhh;a tpNdhgh ghNt 121. 2007 - 2012

62. lhf;lh; ,uhNp[e;jpu gpurhj; 63. jpg;G Ry;jhd; kfd;fs; 64. ,uh[Nfhghyhr;rhup 65. ghz;br;Nrup 66. Nfush 67. milahh; 68. 70. 71. 72. 73. 74. mt;it ,y;yk; =yq;fhit myfhghj; fhl;tpd; M];bd; fhl;tpd; M];bd; fq;Nfhj;up gdp ciwtplk; 69. njd;fpof;F jpir

75. ntg;g kz;ly gUtf; fhw;W fhyepiy 76. rkkhd fhyepiy 77. Muty;yp 78. ghiy kz; 79. ,isAjph; fhLfs; 80. ANudpak; 81. tz;ly; kz; 82. jpid tif. 83. gzg; gaph; 84. Kk;ig 85. [hk;n[l;g+h; 86. fdpk tsk; 87. ngq;f@h; 88. kpifa+l;l tsKWjy; 89. thfdg; Gif 90. cs;ehl;L tzpfk; 91. rhiy top 92. nly;yp 93. czup 94. mikjp 95. 1890;

nghUj;Jf - tpilfs; tpilfs 1. ,e;jpahtpy; gpnuQ;R Mjpf;fKbT 2. Mg;upf;fh 3. rPdh 4. gpuhd;R 5. mnkupf;fh 6. M];jpupah 7. ,j;jhyp 8. gq;Fr; re;ijfspy; fld; KjyPL 9. flDjtp 10. 1939 11. 1922 12. `pl;yupd; ,ufrpa fhty; gil 13. vdJ Nghuhl;lk; 14. u\;ah 15. n[h;kdp 16. I.eh. jiyikafk; 17. 1963 18. 2002 19. ghuf;g+h; 20. fhd;g+h; 21. kj;jpa ,e;jpah 22. 1857 23. kfh rhrdk; 24. ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; 25. Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjp 26. md;dp ngrd;l; 27. ,uhkypq;f mbfs;

28. ehl;L gw;W kpf;f vOj;jhsh; 29. ghyfq;fhju jpyfh; 30. ,e;jpahtpd; gp];khh;f; 31. cj;jpug; gpuNjrk; 32. yhyh y[gj;jpuha; 33. fhd; mg;Jy;fhgh;fhd 34. Rauh[;a fl;rp 35. <.Nt. uhkrhkp 36. Nfjhh;ehj; 37. rJg;G epyk; 38. khstk; 39. tlfpof;F ,e;jpahtpd; jyf; fhw;W 40. nksrpd;uhk; 41. gUj;jpg; gaph; 42. xU tif epyf;fup 43. Re;jutdk; 44. gQ;rhg; 45. cj;jpug; gpuNjrk; 46. Nkw;F tq;fhsk; 47. jkpo;ehL 48. Nrhl;lh ehfGup kz;lyk; 49. cj;jpug; gpuNjrk; 50. Kk;ig 51. nrd;id 52. nly;yp 53. Vuhskhd topfs; 54. Kiwahd thd;top epow;glk; 55. mnkupf;f If;fpa ehLfs;

......

III. NjDk; gj;J tpdhf;fSf;F rpW tpil; jUf. jUf

( m gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> M gpuptpypUe;J xd;W> , gpuptpypUe;J ehd;F> kw;Wk; < gpuptpypUe;J xd;W )

gFjp - m.
1. fhjpgj;jpak; tiuaW. fhjpgj;jpak; vd;gJ xU ehL. gpw ehLfspd; gFjpfis tYf;fl;lhakhf ntd;W mtw;iw jdJ Ml;rpapd; fPo; nfhz;L tUjy;. 2. fhyzp Mjpf;fk; vd;why; vd;d? fhyzp Mjpf;fk; vd;gJ FbNaw;wq;fis me;epa ehl;by; Vw;gLj;jp mjd; ,aw;if tsq;fisr; Ruz;Ljy; MFk;. 3. xg;gilg;G Kiw gw;wp RUf;fkhf vOJf. Ke;ija fhy FbNaw;w ehLfspy; gyTk;> gpw;gLj;jg;gl;l gFjpfSk; rHt Njr rq;fj;jplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;ld. ,r;rq;fk; rpy fl;Lg;ghLfSld; ,j;jifa ehLfis guhkupf;Fk;gb gy ehLfsplk; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;lJ. 4. Kjy; cyfg; NghUf;fhd cldbf; fhuzk; ahJ? gh];dpa jiyefh; nruh[pNth efupy;M];jpupa ehl;L gl;lj;J ,sturh;> mtuJ kidtpAk; nrh;gpa jPtputhjp ,isQdhy; nfhy;yg;gl;lJ fhuzkhf mike;jJ. 5. ghrprj;jpd; ehd;F Jhz;fs; ahit? 1. xNu jiyik 3. gaq;futhjk; 6. rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; mq;fq;fs; ahit? 1. nghJ rig 4. rh;tNjr ePjpkd;wk; 7. kpa+dpr; cld;gbf;if rpW Fwpg;G jUf. 2. kd;wk; 3. nrayfk; 5. rh;tNjr njhopyhsh; mikg;G. 2. rh;thjpfhupapd; fPo; xNu fl;rp Ml;rp 4. nghUshjhu MSik

,q;fpyhe;J gpujkUf;Fk; `pl;yUf;Fk; ,ilNa kpa+dpr; vd;Dk; ,lj;jpy; eilngw;w cld;gbf;if MFk;. mjd;gb `pl;yh; #ll;ld;yhe;ij kl;Lk; Mf;fpukpg;Gr; nra;ayhk;. kw;w ,lq;fis ifg;gw;wf; $lhJ. 8. mopj;Jg; gpd; thq;Fk; nfhs;if gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G tiuf. 1. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupy; u\;ah gpd;gw;wpaf; nfhs;if MFk;. 2. n[h;kdp> u\;ahitj; jhf;fpa nghOJ ];lhypd;> kh];Nfhtpy; cs;s midj;ijAk; mopj;J gpd; thq;Fk; nfhs;ifiag; gpd;gw;wpdhh;. 9. mnkupf;fh> [g;ghd; kPJ Nghh; njhLf;f fhuzk; ahJ ? 1941-Mk; Mz;L brk;gh; 7- Njjp Kj;J JiwKfj;jpy; cs;s mnkupf;f flw;gil jsj;ij [g;ghd; jhf;fpaJ. vdNt> [g;ghd;kPJ Nghh; njhLj;jJ. 10. If;fpa ehLfs; rigapd; rhjidfspy; VNjDk; ,uz;bidf; Fwpg;gpLf. 1. 1956-Mk; Mz;L Vw;gl;l #a]; fhy;tha; rpf;fiy jPh;j;J itj;jJ. 2. 1963 Mk; Mz;L mZ Nrhjid jilr; rl;lj;ijf; nfhz;L te;jJ.

11. I.eh.tpd; rpwg;G epWtdq;fs; rpytw;iwf; Fwpg;gpLf. 1. cyf Rfhjhu epWtdk; 2. gd;dhl;L njhopyhsh; epWtdk; 3. cyf tq;fp 12. INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; epWtd ehLfs; ahit? 1. ngy;[pak;> 2. gpuhd;R> 3. ,j;jhyp> 4. nejh;yhe;J> 5.Nkw;F n[h;kdp 13. a+Nuhtpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wp eP mwpe;jtw;iw vOJf. 1. rdtup 1> 2002- Mk; Mz;L Kjy; eilKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;l INuhg;gpa xd;wpaj;jpd; xw;iw ehza Kiw a+Nuh vd;wiof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 2. ,jd; FwpaPL MFk;. 14. tpf;Nlhupah kfhuhzp Nguwpf;ifapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ahJ ? 1. ,J ,e;jpa kf;fspd; kfh rhrdkhf fUjg;gLfpwJ. 2. ,jd;gb ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig ,dp ,q;fpyhe;J murp Neubahf Nkw;nfhs;thh; vd mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. 3. vdNt mtUf;Fg; gjpyhf mtuJ gpujpepjp> ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;ig Nkw;nfhs;thh; vd mwptpf;fg;gl;lJ. 15. 1857 Mk; Mz;L ele;j Gul;rpapd; cldbf; fhuzk; ahJ ? ,e;jpa ,uhZtj;jpy; Mq;fpNyauhy; mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;l Gjpa vd;gPy;L uf Jg;ghf;fpfspy; nfhOg;G jltpa Njhl;lhf;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gl;lJ> Gul;rpf;F cldbf; fhuzkhf mike;jJ. 16. gpuk;k Qhd rigapd; nfhs;iffs; ahit ? 1. kf;fspilNa rNfhjuj;Jt czh;it tsh;g;gJ. 2. gz;ila rkaq;fisg; gw;wpAk; kw;Wk; jj;Jtq;fs; Mfpatw;iw fw;wy; 3. ,aw;ifapd; epajpfis mwpe;J kf;fspilNa nja;tPf rf;jpfis tsh;g;gJ MFk;. 17. rpy Kf;fpa kpjthjpfspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf RNue;jpuehj; ghdh;[p> jhjhgha; nesNuh[p> ngNuh\h Nkj;jh> NfhghyfpUz NfhfNy> vk;.[p. uhdNl. 18. 1935-k; Mz;L ,e;jpa muR rl;lk; GFj;jpa khw;wq;fs; ahit ? 1. khfhzq;fspy; jd;dhl;rp mwpKfk; 3. $l;lhl;rp murhq;fk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 19. mikr;ruit JhJf;FO - Fwpg;G jUf. 1. 1946-y; mikr;ruit JhJf;FO ,e;jpahtpw;F te;jJ. 2. ,jpy; ngjpf; yhud;];> V.tp. mnyf;rhz;lh; kw;Wk; ];l;uh Nghh;L fpupg;]; MfpNahh; cWg;gpdh; Mth;. 3. ,f;FO ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; vOjg;gLk; tiu ,ilf;fhy muir gupe;Jiuj;jJ. 20. NtYhh; fyfk; Fwpg;G tiuf. 1. 1806 [_iy 9-k; ehs; NtYhh; Nfhl;ilapy; tPuh;fs; fpsh;r;rpapy; <Lgl;L Mq;fpNyah;fisj; jhf;fp Nfhl;iliaf; ifg;gw;wpdhh;. 2. jpg;Gtpd; nfhb Vw;wg;gl;lJ. 3.mtuJ ,uz;lhtJ kfd; gNjf; `jh;> muruhf mwptpf;fg;gl;lhh;. 21. fhkuh[upd; eyj;jpl;lg; gzpfs; gw;wp Fwpg;G tiuf. 1. kjpa czT jpl;lj;jpid nfhz;L te;jhh;. 3. gy njhopw;rhiyfis mikj;jhh;. 2. Gjpa gs;spfisj; jpwe;jhh;. 2. ,ul;il Ml;rp Kiw xop;g;G 4. $l;lhl;rp uprh;t; tq;fp epWtg;gly;.

22. ngupahh;> itf;fk; tPuh; vd Vd; miof;fg;gl;lhh;? Nfushtpy; cs;s itf;fj;jpy; eilngw;w rj;jpahfpufg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gq;Nfw;W jho;j;jg;gl;l kf;fspd; Mya EioTj; jilr; rl;lj;ij vjph;j;Jg; Nghuhbdhh;. ,Wjpapy; jpUtpjhq;$;h; muR Mya EioT jilr; rl;lj;ij jsh;j;jp midtUk; Myaj;jpw;Fs; Eioayhk; vd mwptpj;jJ. ,jdhy; itf;fk; tPuh; vd miof;fg;gl;lhh;.

gFjp - M
1. cyf mikjp mtrpakhdJ- Vd; ? cyf kf;fs; mikjpahf thoTk;> %d;whk; cyf Nghh; tuhky; tUq;fhyj;jpy; tskhf thoTk; cyf mikjp mtrpak;. 2. ,d xJf;fy; nfhs;if gw;wp xU Fwpg;G tiuf. i) ,d xJf;fy; vd;gJ Mg;upf;fhtpy; gpd;gw;wg;gl;l ,dNtWghl;Lf; nfhs;fiahFk;. ii) njd; Mg;upf;fhtpy; nts;isah;fs; Mg;upf;f Fb kf;fSf;F rk cupik toq;f kWj;jdh;. 3. [dehafk; gw;wp Mgpufhk; ypq;fdpd; fUj;ij vOJf [dehafk; vd;gJ kf;fshy; kf;fSf;fhf kf;fNs Ml;rp .nra;tjhFk;. 4. Njh;jy; Mizaj;jpd; gzpfs; gw;wp RUf;fkhf Fwpg;Gj; jUf. 1. murpay; fl;rpfSf;F mq;fPfhuk; mspj;jy;. 2. Ntl;ghsh;fSf;F Njh;jy; rpd;dq;fis xJf;fy; 3. Njh;jy;fis elj;Jjy; 1. fpwp];Jt kjk;. 4. KbTfis mwptpj;jy;. 4. rkz kjk; 5. ,e;J kjk; 5. ,e;jpahtpYs;s rpy rkaq;fspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 2. ,];yhk; kjk; 3. Gj;j kjk; 6. Nfhg;uh Njhw;wk; gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G tiuf. i) Efh;Nthupd; Fiwfis fise;J> mth;fisg; ghJfhf;Fk; nghUl;L Njhd;wpaNj Nfhg;uh ( Efh;Nthh; ghJfhg;Gr; rl;lk; ) ii) ,J Efh;Nthupd; kfh rhrdk; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 7. kdpj ,dj;jpd; mUq;fhl;rpafk; vd ,e;jpah miof;fg;gLtNjd; > i) ,e;jpahtpd; kf;fs; rhjp> ,dk;> nkhop Nghd;wtw;why; gpupf;fg;gLfpd;wdh;. ii) ,g;gpupTfs; ,e;jpa kdpj ,dj;ijg; gw;wp gbf;ff; $ba mUq;fhl;rpakhfTk;> Ma;tfkhfTk; jpfo;tjhy; kdpj ,dq;fspd; ; mUq;fhl;rpafk; vd $Wfpwhh;fs;. jLf;fTk;> kdpj Neak; tsuTk;>

gFjp - ,
1. ,e;jpahtpd; Kf;fpa ,aw;if mikg;Gg; gpupTfs; ahit ? 1. tlf;F kiyfs;> 2. tl ,e;jpa ngUk; rkntspfs; 3. jPgfw;g gPlg+kp 4. flw;fiu rkntspfs; 5. jPTfs; 2. ,e;jpahtpd; tlf;F kiyfspYs;s ,uz;L Kf;fpa Gdpj jyq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 1. mkh;ehj;. 2. Nfjhh;ehj;. 3. gj;upehj; 4. it\;ztp Njtp Nfhtpy; 3. ,e;jpag; ngUq; flypy; fhzg;gLk; jPTf; $l;lq;fs; ahit? 1. ,yr;rj; jPTfs; - mugpf; fly; 2. me;jkhd; epNfhghh; jPTfs; - tq;fhs tpupFlh

4. gUtf; fhw;W vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ ? 1. khd;#d; vd;w nrhy; mNugpar; nrhy;yhd nksrpk; vd;gjpypUe;J te;jJ. ,jd; nghUs; gUt fhyk; vd;gjhFk;. 2. Nfhil fhyj;jpw;Fk;> Fsph; fhyj;jpw;Fk; ,ilNa jq;fsJ jpirfis KOtJk; khw;wpf; nfhz;L tPRk; fhw;WfSf;F gUtf; fhw;W vd;W ngah;. 5. kpf mjpf kio ngWk; gFjpfspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 1. fpof;F ,ka kiyapd; njw;F rupT 3. Nkw;F kiyj; njhlh; 6. gUtf; fhw;W ntbg;G vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ ? 1. njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;W> Nfushtpd; njd; gFjpia milAk; NghJ gyj;j ,b kpd;dYld; $ba kioia mspg;gjd; %yk; njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;W fhyk; Muk;gpg;gij fhl;Lfpd;wJ. 2. ,jid gUt kio ntbg;G vd;gh;. 7. ,aw;if tsk; vd;why; vd;d? i) md;whl tho;tpd; Njitfis epiwT nra;a ,aw;ifapypUe;J ngwg;gLk; midj;J nghUl;fisAk; ,aw;if tsq;fs; vd;fpNwhk;. ii) v.fh. epyk;> ePh;> fhw;W kw;Wk; gy. 8. ,e;jpahtpy; ikf;fh cw;gj;jpahFk; ,lq;fs; ahit? 1. Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;> 2. [hh;fz;l; 3. gPfhh; 4. uh[];jhd;. 9. Ntshz; njhopiy eph;zapfFk; fhuzpfs; ahit ? 1. epyj; Njhw;wk; 2. fhy epiy 3. kz;tif 4. ePh; 5. jkpo;ehL 10. gUj;jp tpisAkplq;fisf; $Wf. 1. F[uhj;> 2. kfhuh\;buk; 11. Njhl;lg; gaph;fs; ahit ? 1. Njapiy> 2. fhg;gp> 12.cw;gj;jp vd;why; vd;d ? fr;rhg; nghUl;fis ,ae;jpuq;fs; %ykhf EfUk; nghUl;fshf khw;WtNj cw;gj;jp vdg;gLk;. 13. njhopy; miktplj;ij eph;zapf;Fk; fhuzpfs; ahit ? 1. %yg; nghUl;fs; 2. vup rf;jp 3. Nghf;Ftuj;J 5. ePh;tsk; 1. gUj;jp Miyfs; 6. re;ij - murhq;f nfhs;iffs; 2. rzy; Miyfs; 3. rh;f;fiu Miyfs; 14. Ntshz; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; ahit ? 15. ePh; khriljy; vd;why; vd;d ? ePh; khriljy; vd;gJ ey;y ePupy; Ntjpapay;> ,aw;gpay;> capupay; khw;wk; Vw;gLtJ MFk;. 16. capupdg; gd;ik vd;why; vd;d ? capupdg; gd;ik vd;gJ xU Fwpg;gpl;l Rw;Wr; #oypy; thOk; gy;NtW capupdq;fs; xd;iw xd;W rhh;e;J thOk; jd;ikiaf; Fwpg;gjhFk;. 4. kdpj rf;jp 3. Me;jpug; gpuNjrk; 4. fh;ehlfh 3. ,ug;gh; 2. kj;jpa fq;ifr; rkntsp. 4. kj;jpag; gpuNjrk; kw;Wk; xup]h

17. kpd;dpay; fopT vd;why; vd;d ? njhiyf;fhl;rp ngl;bfs;> ifNgrp> fzpdp> Fsph; rhjdg; ngl;b> mr;R ,ae;jpuk; Mfpatw;wpd; fopTfs; kpd;dpay; fopTfs; MFk;. 18. tzpfk; vd;why; vd;d ? tzpfj;jpd; tiffs; ahit i. Nritfis thq;Fk;> tpw;Fk; my;yJ gz;l khw;wk; nra;Ak; nray;Kiw tzpfk; MFk;. ii. cs;ehl;L tzpfk; kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L tzpfk;. 19. jfty; Nghf;Ftuj;J tiyaikg;gpd; ed;ikfs; ahit ? i) jfty; njhlh;gpd; jpwid Nkk;gLj;Jjy; 20. njhiy Ez;Zzh;T vd;why; vd;d ? Gtpapd; ve;j xU nghUisAk; Neubahf njhlh;G nfhs;shky; Gtpapd; tptuq;fis njhiytpypUe;J Nrfupg;gJ njhiy Ez;Zzh;T MFk;. 21. Gtp jfty; njhFjpapd; ,uz;L gad;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. i . Ruq;fq;fs; Njhz;lTk; 1. ehl;L tUkhdk; tiuaW. ehl;L tUkhdk; vd;gJ xU ehl;by; xuhz;L fhyj;jpy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;ghFk;. 2. jyh tUkhdk; vd;why; vd;d ? ehl;L tUkhdj;ij me;ehl;bd; nkhj;j kf;fs; njhifahy; tFf;f fpilf;Fk; <T jyh tUkhdk; MFk;. 3. jiyaplhf; nfhs;if - rpW Fwpg;G tiuf. jiyaplhf; nfhs;if vd;gJ muR nghUshjhu nray;ghLfspy; <Lglhky; ,Ug;gJ MFk;. 4. gjpNdhwhtJ Ie;jhz;L jpl;lj;jpd; %d;W Nehf;fq;fis vOJf. 1. tWikia xopj;jy;. 2. Ntiy tha;g;Gfis tpupthf;Fjy; 3. Rw;Wr; #oy; ghJfhg;ig cWjp nra;jy;. 5. fyg;G nghUshjhuk; vd;why; vd;d? nghJj; Jiw epWtdq;fSk;> jdpahh; Jiw epWtdq;fSk; ,ize;J nray;gLtij fyg; nghUshjhuk; vdg;gLk;. 6. jhuhs kakhjy; vd;why; vd;d ? jhuhs kakhjy; vd;gJ jdpahh; Jiw njhopy; epWtdq;fSf;fhd tpjpKiwfisAk;> fl;Lg;ghLfisAk; jpUk;gg; ngWtjhFk;. 7. jdpahh; kakhjy; vd;why; vd;d ? nghJj; Jiw epWtdq;fis jdpahh; clikahf;FtNj jdpahh; kakhjyhFk;. 8. cyf kakhjy; vd;why; vd;d ? xU ehl;bd; mq;fhbfis gd;dhl;L mq;fhbfSld; njhlh;GgLj;JtNj cyfkakhjy; MFk;. :0: ii. fdpk tsq;fisf; fz;lwpaTk; Gtpj; jfty; njhFjpfs; gad;gLfpwJ. ii) kf;fspd; tho;f;ifj; juj;jpid cah;j;Jjy;.

gFjp - <

IV. fPo;fz;l jiyg;Gfspy; ,uz;bid Njh;e;njLj;J mtw;wpd; midj;J

tpdhf;fSf; Sf;Fk; tpil jUf. 1. fhjpgj;jpak; cUthFtjw;F fhuzq;fs; m) gj;njhd;gjhk; Ehw;whz;bd; ,Wjpapy; ehfupfkhdjhf fUjg;gl;lJ vJ ? fhjpgj;jpak; M) nts;isah;fspd; Rik vd INuhg;gpah;fshy; fUjg;gl;lJ ahJ ? Mg;upf;f> Mrpa kf;fSf;F ehfuPfk; fw;Wj; jUtJ ,) INuhg;gpa ehLfs;> FbNaw;w ehLfis Vw;gLj;j Kide;jJ Vd; ? ehLfspilNa Vw;gl;l Mjpf;fg; Nghl;b <) fhjpgj;jpa nfhs;ifia Cf;Ftpj;jJ ahJ ? Mg;upf;f> Mrpa fz;lq;fis milaf; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;l Gjpa topj; jlq;fs; 2. ghf;rh; Gul;rp: m) rPd - [g;ghdpag; Nghupd; tpisT ahJ? rPdh> [g;ghdhy; Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;lJ. M) rPdh> [g;ghDf;F mspj;j jPT vJ ? /ghh;Nkhrh ,) ghf;rh; fyfj;jpw;fhd fhuzk; ahJ? rPd kf;fspd; Nfhgk; <) ghf;rh;fs; vd;d nra;jdh;? 3. ghy;fd; gpur;rid m) ghy;fd; ehLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. nrh;gpah> gy;Nfupah> my;Ngdpah> fPup]; kw;Wk; khz;b ePf;Nuh M) Kjy; ghy;fd; Nghh; vt;thW KbTf;F te;jJ ? yz;ld; cld;gbf;ifapd; %yk; Kbtpw;F te;jJ. ,) ida ehLfs; gy;NfupahkPJ d; Nghh; njhLj;jd ? Nghh; Kbtpy; fpilj;j gFjpfisg; gpupj;Jf; nfhs;tjpy; nrh;gpahTf;Fk;> gy;Nfupahtpw;Fk; Vw;gl;l gpur;ridapdhy;. <) ,uz;lhk; ghy;fd; Nghupd; KbT vd;d? Nghupy; gy;Nfupah Njhw;fbf;fg;gl;L> nrhgpah ngUk; gFjpfisj; jd;NdhL Nrh;j;Jf; nfhz;lJ. 4. rh;tNjr rq;fk; m) rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpw;F Kd; Njhd;wpa rpy rh;tNjr mikg;Gfspd; ngah;fis vOJf. rh;tNjr rKjhak;> cyf mikjp $l;likg;G> M) rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpd; jiyikafk; vq;F mike;Js;sJ? n[dpth ,) cWg;G ehLfs;> jq;fs; gpur;ridfSf;F vt;thW jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lk;? rh;tNjr rq;fj;jpid mZfp R%fkhd Kiwapy; jPh;T fhz Ntz;Lk;. <) [g;ghd; vg;NghJ kQ;#upahitf; ifg;gw;wpaJ ? 1931 FbNaw;w ehLfisj; jhf;fpdh;.

5. F.T. &];nty;l; m) [dhjpgjp Njh;jy; vg;nghOJ eilngw;wJ ? 1932 M) gpuhq;fspd; b- &];nty;l; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;lhh; ? F.D.R. ,) mtuJ Njh;jy; mwpf;if ahJ? mnkupf;f kf;fSf;F Gjpa gaDupikf; nfhs;ifia mh;gzpf;f ehd; cWjpaspf;fpNwd;. <) mth; cUthf;fpa nfhs;ifapd; ngah; vd;d ? 6. ghrprf; fl;rp m. ghrprf; fl;rpia Njhw;Wtpj;jth; ahH? ,. ghrprj;jpd; Nehf;fq;fs; vd;d ? 1. ehl;il cah;epiyf;Ff; nfhzh;jy; <. ghrprj;jpd; Fwpf;Nfhs;fs; vd;d? 7. mlhy;/g; `pl;yh; m) mlhy;/g; `pl;yh; vq;F gpwe;jhh;? M) mth; je;ijapd; njhopy; vd;d ? M];jpupah Rq;f mjpfhup KNrhypdp M. KNrhypdpapd; Kof;fk; gw;wp vOJf ? mjpfg; gil> mjpf kjpg;G 2.Mw;wy; kpf;f ntspAwTf; nfhs;if Gjpa gaDupikf; nfhs;if

vy;yhk; ehl;bw;fhfNt> ehl;bw;F vjpuhf vJTkpy;iy.

,) `pl;yh; vij Njhw;Wtpj;jhh; ? ehrprf; fl;rp <) `pl;yh; vOjpa Gj;jfj;jpd; ngah; vd;d ? vdJ Nghuhl;lk;. 8.,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; fhuzq;fs; m) [g;ghd; - ,j;jhyp n[h;kdp nra;J nfhz;l cld;gbf;if ahJ ? Nuhk; - ngh;ypd; Nlhf;fpah mr;R cld;gbf;if. M) Kjy; cyfg; NghUf;F gpd; Vw;gl;l rpy murpay; nfhs;iffisf; Fwpg;gpLf. [dehafk;> nghJTlikf; nfhs;if> ghrprk;> ehrprk;. ,) ty;yuR ehLfspd; jiyth;fs; gpd;gw;wpa nfhs;if gw;wp vOJf. Nghypahd mikjpf; nfhs;if. <) `pl;yh; vjid kPwpdhh; ? kpa+dpr; cld;gbf;ifia kPwpdhh;. 9. ghh;Ngupa fly; Nghh; eltbf;iffs; m) ghh;Ngupa fly; Nghh; ve;j Mz;L njhlq;fpaJ . 1941 M) `pl;yh; tpUk;gpaJ ahJ ? fk;a+dprj;ij mopf;f tpUk;gpdhh;. ,) `pl;yupd; cj;juT vd;d? KNrhypdpapd ,j;jhypa gilfSf;F cjTkhW cj;jutpl;lhh;. <) mr;R ehLfs;> ghy;fd; ehLfis vg;NghJ jq;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;L te;jdh;. 1941 Vg;uy; khj ,Wjpf;Fs;. 10. I.eh.tpd; Kf;fpa rhjidfs; m) I.eh. nra;J nfhz;l Kf;fpa cld;gbf;iffisf; Fwpg;gpLf. 1. 1963-k; Mz;L mZ Nrhjidr; rl;lk; 2. 1996-k; Mz;L njhlh; mZ Nrhjid jilr; rl;lk; M) Rw;Wr; #oy; kw;Wk; Nkk;ghl;L khehL vq;F elj;jg;gl;lJ? upNah-b-n[dpuhtpy; ,) midj;J ehLfSk; vjid Vw;Wf nfhz;ld? mwpf;if 21-I Vw;Wf; nfhz;ld.

<) #a]; fhy;tha; gpur;ridia I.eh. vt;thW KbTf;F nfhz;L te;jJ. I.eh. jdJ mikjpg; gilia vfpg;Jf;F mDg;gp gpur;ridf;F jPh;T fz;lJ. 12. 1857 Mk; Mz;L Gul;rpf;fhd murpay; fhuzq;fs; m) Jizg; gilj; jpl;lj;jpid mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; ahh;? nty;ny];yp gpuG M) ly;nfsrp gpuG mwpKfg;gLj;jpa nfhs;if ahJ? ehL ,og;Gf; nfhs;if ,) ,uz;lhk; gfJhh;\h kPJ Mq;fpNyah; Nkw;nfhz;l eltbf;if ahJ? gfJhh;\h rpiw gpbf;fg;gl;L uq;$Df;F ehL flj;jg;gl;lhh;. <) ehdh rhfpg; jdJ ntWg;ig Mq;fpNyah; kPJ mjpfg;gLj;jpaJ Vd;? ehdh rhfpg;gpw;F toq;fg;gl;L te;j Xa;t+jpak; epWj;jg;gl;ljhy;. 12.kj;jpa ,e;jpahtpy; Gul;rp m) kj;jpa ,e;jpahtpy; Gul;rpia top elj;jpr; nrd;wth; ahH? [hd;rp ,uhzp ,yl;Rkpgha; M) ,uhzp ,yl;Rkpgha; ifgw;wpa efuk; ahJ ? Fthypah; ,) ,uhzp ,yl;Rkpghapd; KbT vd;d? <) jhe;jpah Njhg;gpw;F epfo;e;jJ vd;d? 13. gpuk;k rkh[k; m) gpuk;k rkh[j;jpid epWtpath; ahH? ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; M) ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; gapd;w nkhopfs; ahit? rk];fpUjk;> mugpf;> Mq;fpyk;> yj;jPd; ,) ,uh[huhk; Nkhfd;uha; vOjpa Gj;jfq;fs; ahit? 1. ,NaR fpwp];Jtpd; fl;lisfs; <) gpuk;k rkh[j;jpd; ek;gpf;if ahJ ? 14. Mupa rkh[k; m) Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjpapd; ,aw; ngah; vd;d? %y;rq;fh; M) Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjpapd; FU ahH? Rthkp tuh[;de;jh; ,) Rthkp jahde;j ru];tjpapd; nfhs;if vd;d? <) Mupa rkh[k; vjid Mjupj;jJ? ngz; fy;tp> fyg;G kzk;> rkge;jp czT> ngz;fs; kw;Wk; jho;j;jg;gl;Nlhh; Kd;Ndw;wk;. 15. mypfhh; ,af;fk;: m) K];yPk;fspd; Kjy; rka ,af;fj;jpd; ngah; vd;d? M) rh; iraJ mfkJfhd; cWjpahf ek;gpaJ vd;d ? ,) rh; iraJ mfkJ fhdpd; rhjid ahJ? mypfhupy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;l Kfkjpad; Mq;fpNyh Xupaz;ly; fy;Yhup ,tuJ rhjidahFk;. <) rh; iraJ mfkJ fhd; ntspapl;l nra;jpj; jhspd; ngah; vd;d? jhrpy; - cj;- m/yf; mypfhh; ,af;fk;. Ntjq;fis Nehf;fpr; nry;. 2. mikjpf;Fk; kfpo;r;rpf;Fk; top xNu flTs; vd;w ek;gpf;if. Nghupy; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;. ifJ nra;ag;gl;L gpd;dh; nfhy;yg;gl;lhh;.

jd;Dila vOj;jhw;wyhy; K];yPk; rKjhaj;jpy; rPh;jpUj;jj;ij nfhz;L tUtij ek;gpdhh;.

16. ,e;jpa NjrPa fhq;fpu]; m) ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; vg;nghOJ Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ ? 1885 M) ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; ahUila MNyhridapy; Njhw;Wtpf;fg;gl;lJ ? Kk;ig> W.C. ghdh;[p <) fhq;fpu[pd; Kjy; khehl;by; fye;J nfhz;l jiyth;fs; rpyiuf; Fwpg;gpLf. jhjhgha; nesNuh[p> RNue;jpuehj; ghdh;[p> NfhfNy> uhzNl 17. [hypad; thyhghf; gLnfhiy m) ifJ nra;ag;gl;l Kf;fpakhd jiyth;fs; ahH ? rj;aghy; kw;Wk; rha;GjPd; fpr;Y M) kf;fs; vq;F $bdh;. mkph;jru]py; cs;s [hypad; thyhghf;. ,) mkph;jru]pd; Mq;fpy ,uhZt jsgjp ahh;? n[duy; lah; <) ,utPe;jpuehj; jh$h; nra;jJ vd;d ? 18. irkd; FO m) irkd; FO vd; epakpf;fg;gl;lJ ? 1919 Mk; Mz;L rl;lj;jpd; gad;ghL Fwpj;J MuhaTk;> ,e;jpa eph;thfj;ij Nkk;gLj;j MNyhrid $wTk; epakpf;fg;gl;lJ. M) ,e;jpah;fs; ,f;FOtpid Vd; epuhfupj;jdh;? ,f;FOtpy; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jth;fs;> midtUk; Mq;fpNyah; - xU ,e;jpah; $l ,lk; ngwhjjhy;. ,) irkd; FO vg;gb tuNtw;fg;gl;lJ? yhyh y[gjpuha; 19. kTz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lk; m) 1947 Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpa fth;dh; n[duyhfg; gjtpNaw;wth; ahh;? M) Mq;fpNya filrp fth;dh; n[duy; ahh;? ,) kTz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lk; vd;why; vd;d? ,e;jpah> ,e;jpa a+dpad; vd;Wk;> ghfp];jhd; a+dpad; vd;Wk; ,U ehLfshfg; gpupf;fg;gLk;. <) kTz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lj;jpw;F fhq;fpu]; kw;Wk; K];yPk; yPf;fpd; gpujpgypg;G vd;d ? Vw;Wf; nfhz;ld. V. VNjDk; ehd;fpid NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;L 1. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs;- fpof;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs; 1. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs; 1. Nkw;F flw;fiuf;F nry;fpd;wd. 2. njhlh;r;rpahdJ. fpof;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfs; ,izahfr; ngUk;ghYk; fpof;F flw;fiuf;F ,izahfr; nry;fpd;wd. njhlh;r;rpaw;wJ. kTz;l; Ngl;ld; gpuG kTz;l; Ngl;ld; gpuG fUg;Gf; nfhb Nghuhl;lj;Jld;. <) irkd; FO vjph;g;G Nghuhl;lj;jpd; NghJ ,we;j ,e;jpa jiytupd; ngaiuf; Fwpg;gpLf. jdJ iel;Tl; gl;lj;ij Jwe;jhh;. A.O. `pa+k; ,) fhq;fpu]; Kjy; khehL vq;F eilngw;wJ ? ,jw;F jiyik jhq;fpath; ahH?

2. fpof;F flw;fiu rkntsp - Nkw;F flw;fiu rkntsp Nkw;F flw;fiu rkntsp fpof;F flw;fiu rkntsp 1. ,it F[uhj; Kjy; fd;dpahFkup tiu ,it Nkw;F tq;;fk; Kjy; ePz;Ls;sJ. fd;dpahFkup tiu ePz;Ls;sJ. 2. FWfyhdJ. mfykhdJ. 3. njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;W - tlfpof;;F gUtf; fhw;W njd;Nkw;;F gUtf; fhw;W 1. ,it [_d; Kjy; nrg;lk;gh; tiu tiu tPRfpwJ. 2. Nkw;F flw;fiu mjpf kioiag; ngWfpwJ. 4. thdpiy - fhyepiy thdpiy fhyepiy Xuplj;jpy; xU ehspy; epyTk; jl;g ntg;g ePz;l fhy ruhrup thdpiyNa fhy epiyNa> thdpiy vdg;gLk;. epiy vdg;gLk;. tlfpof;;F gUtf; fhw;W ,it nrg;lk;gh; Kjy; etk;gh; tiu tPRfpwJ. fpof;;F flw;fiu mjpf kioiag; ngWfpwJ.

5. GJg;gpf;f $ba tsk;

- GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsk; GJg;gpf;f Kbahj tsk;

GJg;gpf;f $ba tsk;

1. ,it vspjhf cw;gj;jp nra;af;$ba ,it vspjhf cw;gj;jp nra;a tsq;fs; . Kbahj tsq;fs; v.fh. #upa xsp> fhw;W v.fh. - ngl;Nuhypak;> epyf;fup 6. fhw;W kpd; rf;jp - mdy; kpd; rf;jp mdy; kpd; rf;jp epyf;fup %yk; kpd;rhuk; jahupf;fg; gLfpwJ. . xup]h> kw;Wk; Me;jpug; gpuNjrj;jpy; mjpf mstpy; mdy; kpd; epiyaq;fs; cs;sd.

fhw;W kpd; rf;jp ; 1. fhw;W %yk; kpd;rhuk; jahupf;fg;gLfpwJ. . F[uhj; kw;Wk; jkpo;ehl;by; mjpf mstpy; fhw;whiyfs; cs;sd.

7. jd;dpiwT Ntshz;ik

- tzpf Ntshz;ik tzpf Ntshz;ik

jd;dpiwT Ntshz;ik

1. Ra Njitia epiwT nra;Ak; nghUl;L tzpf Nehf;fpy; cw;gj;jp nra;jy; cw;gj;jp nra;jy; . 2. etPd njhopy; El;g Kiw gad;gLj;jg; etPd njhopy; El;g Kiw gLtjpy;iy. gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

8. Ntshz; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; - fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; Ntshz; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs; 1. Ntshz; nghUl;fis %yg; nghUl;fshf nfhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ. v.fh. rh;f;fiu Miy 9. ePh; khriljy; epyk; khriljy; epyk; khriljy; fdpk tsk; rhh;e;j njhopyfq;fs fdpk nghUl;fis %yg; nghUl;fshf nfhz;L cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.; v.fh. - ,Uk;G v/F Miy

ePh; khriljy;

1. ed;dPh; juj;jpy; Vw;gLk; Ntjpapay; njhopyf fopTfs; kz;zpy; khw;wk; ePh; khriljy; vd;W ngah;. fyg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; epyk; khriljy; vd;W ngah;. 2. epyj;jb ePh; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 2. tptrhak; ghjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 10. Vw;Wkjp - ,wf;Fkjp w;Wkjp 1. w;Wkjp vd;gJ ehl;bd; nghUl;fis tpw;gJ MFk;.. v.fh. NfhJik> rh;f;fiu ,wf;Fkjp cgup ,it vspjhf cw;gj;jp nra;a Kbahj tsq;fs; v.fh. - ngl;Nuhypak;> cuq;fs;

11. cs;ehl;L tzpfk; - gd;dhl;L tzpfk; cs;ehl;L tzpfk; 1. xU ehl;bd; vy;iyf;Fs; eilngWfpwJ. ,k;Kiwapy; fhfpjg; gzk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. gd;dhl;L tzpfk; ,uz;L(my;yJ) mjw;F Nkw;gl;l ehLfSf;fpilapy; eilngWfpwJ. ,k;Kiwapy; me;epa nryhtzp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

12. thd;ntspg; glq;fs; - nraw;if Nfhs; glq;fs; 1. tpkhdq;fs; cjtpahy; vLf;fg;gLk; nraw;iff; Nfhs; cjtpahy; Gifg;glq;fs; vLf;fg;gLk; gpk;gq;fs; ,it ,U gupkhzg; glq;fs; ,it Kg;gupkhdg; glq;fs; VI. gpupT m> M> ,> kw;Wk; < Mfpa gpupTfs; xt;nthd;wpypUe;Jk; xU tpdh tpil mspf;fTk;. ( tpil xU gj;jpapy; mikjy; Ntz;Lk; ).

gFjp - m
1. fhjpgj;jpak; Vw;glf; fhuzq;fs; ahit? 1. njhopw;Gul;rpapd; fhuzkhf nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jp mjpfupj;jJ. nghUl;fis tpw;f re;ij Njitg;gl;ljhy; Mg;upf;f Mfpa ehLfspy; FbNaw;wj;jpid w;gLj;jpd. 2. Njrpa kakhf;fg;gl;l ehLfs;> jq;fs; ngUikia epiyehl;l tsh;r;rp Fd;wpa ehLfspd;kPJ Mjpf;fk; nra;a tpUk;gpd. 3. rkepiy Mjpf;fj;ij epiyehl;l INuhg;gpa ehLfs; FbNaw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;jpd. 4. Gjpa topj;jlq;fs; fz;Lgpbg;G Vfhjpgj;jpa nfhs;ifia Cf;Ftpj;jd.

5. kf;fs; njhif ngUf;fk; kw;Wk; Ntiyapd;ik INuhg;gpah;fs; FbNaw;w ehLfisj; Njbr; nry;yj; Jhz;baJ. 2. fhjpgj;jpaj;jpd; tpisTfs; ahit? 1. typik kpf;f ehLfs; FbNaw;w ehLfspy; Nghf;Ftuj;J> njhiy njhlh;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpd. 2. Gjpa tptrha Kiwfisf; ifahz;L czTg; nghUl;fspd; cw;gj;jpia mjpfupj;jd. 3. FbNaw;w ehl;L kf;fs; mbikfshf elj;jg;gl;ldh;. 4. FbNaw;w ehLfs; nghUl;fis tpw;Fk; re;ijahf khw;wg;gl;ld. 5. FbNaw;w ehLfspy; ,dNtWghl;L nfhs;if gpd;gw;wg;gl;ld. 3. rHtNjr rq;fj;jpd; rhjidfis tpsf;Ff. 1. gpd;yhe;J-];tPld; ,ilNa Mye;J jPT cupikg; gpur;ridia jPh;j;J itj;jJ. 2. fpuP];> gy;Nfupah ,ilNa Vw;gl;l vy;iy gpur;ridia jPh;j;J itj;jJ. 3. cyf ehLfspy; gutpa gy;NtW Neha;fis jPh;f;fg; ghLgl;lJ. 4. mfjpfs; kw;Wk; njhO Nehahspfs; kWtho;tpw;fhf NgUjtp Gupe;jJ. 5. cyf ehLfspd; fy;tpj; juj;ij cah;j;jpaJ. 4. `pl;yupd; jPtpu Mf;fpukpg;Gf; nfhs;if gw;wp tpsf;Ff. 1 `pl;yh; fl;lha ,uhZtr; Nritia mwpKfg;gLj;jpdhh;. 2. MAjq;fis ngUkstpy; cw;gj;jp nra;J Ftpj;jhh;. 3. kf;fs; njhif FbNaw;wj;jpw;fhf gpw ehLfisf; ifgw;w Kide;jhh;. 4. iud;yhe;ijf; ifg;gw;wp nyhfh;Ndh xg;ge;jj;ij kPwpdhh;. 5. 1938 Mk; Mz;L M];jpupahit n[h;kdpAld; ,izj;jhh;. 5. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; Vw;glf; fhuzq;fs; VnjDk; Ie;jpidf; Fwpg;gpLf. 1. nth;nrapy;]; cld;gbf;if gop thq;Fk; Nehf;fj;jpy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. 2.n[h;kdp>n[h;kdpahh;fSf;Fk;>,j;jhyp ,j;jhypah;fSf;Fk ;vd;w nfhs;if Njrpa vOr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpd. 3. rHt Njr rq;fj;jpd; Njhy;tp> ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;F fhuzkhdJ. 4. `pl;yupd; Mf;fpukpg;Gf; nfhs;if ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;F fhuzkhapw;W. 5. 1939-Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; 1-k; Njjp `pl;yh; Nghye;J kPJ kpd;dy; Ntf jhf;Fjy; elj;jpdhh;. 6. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghhpd; tpisTfs; ahit? 1. uhskhd capupog;igAk;> nghUshjhu mopitAk; w;gLj;jpd. 2. rh;thjpfhu Ml;rp KbTf;F te;jJ. 3. gpupl;lDk;> gpuhd;Rk; tYtpoe;jJ. 4. mnkupf;fhTk;> u\;ahTk; ty;yurhf khwpad. 5. u\;ahtpw;Fk;> mnkupf;fhtpw;Fk; ,ilNa gdpg; Nghh; njhlq;fpaJ.

7. 1857-Mk; Mz;L ngUk; Gul;rpf;fhd eph;thf kw;Wk; ,uhZtf; fhuzq;fis tptup epHthf fhuzq;fs; i. ghurPf nkhopf;Fg; gjpyhf Mq;fpy nkhopia GFj;jpaJ. ii. mjpfkhd epy tup t#ypf;fg;gl;lJ. ,uhZtf; fhuzq;fs; : 1. ,e;jpa rpg;gha;fSf;F Fiwe;j Cjpak; nfhLf;fg;gl;lJ. 2. ,e;jpa rpg;gha;fSf;F gjtp cah;T mspf;fg;gltpy;iy. 3. ,e;jpa rpg;gha;fs; fly; fle;J gzp Gupa Ntz;b ,Ue;jJ. 8. Njrpa ,af;fk; Njhd;Wtjw;fhd Ie;J fhuzq;fisf; $Wf. 1. Mq;fpy fhjpgj;jpak; ,e;jpahtpy; Njrpaj;ijAk;> kw;Wk; xw;WikiaAk; epiyehl;baJ. 2. INuhg;gpa ehLfSld; njhlh;G Vw;gl;ljhy; me;j ehLfisg; Nghy jhq;fs; tpLjiy ngw Ntz;Lk; vdf; fUjp Nghuhl vz;zpdh;.
3. etPd jfty; njhlh;G kw;Wk; Nghf;Ftuj;J kf;fspd; fUj;Jf;fis %iy KLf;FfSf;F vLj;Jr; nrd;wJ.

iii. ,e;jpah;fSf;F cah; gjtp kWf;fg;gl;lJ.

4. ,e;jpaj; jiyth;fs; ,e;jpahtpd; ngUikfis kf;fspilNa vLj;Jiuj;J ehl;Lg; gw;iw Jhz;bdh;. 5. mr;rfKk;> nra;jpj;jhs;fSk; kf;fspilNa tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jpd. 9. 1857-Mk; Mz;L Gul;rpf;fhd tpisTfs; ahit ? 1. ,e;jpahtpd; Ml;rpg; nghWg;gpid ,q;fpyhe;J murp Neubahf Nkw;nfhz;lhh;. 2. midtUf;Fk; nghJ kd;dpg;G toq;fg;gl;lJ. 3. ,e;jpahtpd; goikahd gz;ghL> gof;f tof;fq;fs; kjpf;fg;gl;ld. 4. Njrg; gw;iw tpopj;njor; nra;jJ. 5. fhdpq; gpuG Kjy; murg; gpujpepjpahdhh;. 10. 1920-22 Mk; Mz;L xj;Jioahik ,af;fj;jpd; gbepiyfis tpsf;Ff? xj;Jioahik ,af;fk; iftplg;gl;lJ. Vd; ? 1. Kjw;fl;lkhf Mq;fpy murplkpUe;J ngw;w gjtpfisAk;> gl;lq;fisAk; tpUJfisAk; Jwe;jdh;. 2. ,uz;lhtJ fl;lkhf Ntiy epWj;jk; cl;gl ngUk; Nghuhl;lq;fis elj;jpdh;. 3. %d;whtJ fl;lkhf tup nfhlh ,af;fk; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ. 4. nrsup nrsuh vd;Dkplj;jpy; ele;j Nghuhl;lk;> tptrhapfs;kPJ ele;j Jg;ghf;fp #L> tptrhapfs; fhty; epiyaj;jpw;F jPapl;L 22 fhtyh; caph; ,oe;jdh;. ,af;fj;ij iftpl;lhh;. 11. %d;W tl;l Nki[ khehLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij tpsf;Ff. 1. Kjy; tl;l Nki[ khehL> ,e;jpa gpur;ridfSf;F jPh;T fhZk; nghUl;L yz;ldpy; $baJ. 2. fhq;fpu]; fye;J nfhs;stpy;iy. 3. ,uz;lhtJ tl;l Nki[ khehl;by; fhe;jp ,h;tpd; xg;ge;jj;jpd;gb fhe;jpabfs; fye;J nfhz;lhh;. ,jdhy; cg;Gr; rl;lq;fis jpUk;g ngWtJ> ifJ nra;j ,e;jpah;fis tpLjiy nra;tJ vd muR xg;Gf; nfhz;lJ. 4. %d;whtJ tl;l Nki[ khehl;by; fhe;jp[p fye;J nfhs;stpy;iy. vdNt Njhy;tpapy; Kbe;jJ. ,jdhy; fhe;jp[p xj;Jioahik

12. nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk;. 1. fpupg;]; JhJf;FO Njhy;tp mile;jJ. 2. ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghupy; [g;ghd; gy ntw;wpfisg; ngw;W ,e;jpahit jhf;f Muk;gpj;jJ. 3. fhe;jp Mq;fpNyaNu ,jw;F fhuzk; vd vz;zpdhh;. 4. vdNt ehl;il tpl;L Mq;fpNyaiu tpul;l Ntz;Lk; vd vz;zpdhh;. 5. nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fj;ij njhlq;fp> nra; my;yJ nrj;J kb vd Koq;fpdhh;.

gFjp - M
1. gQ;rrPyk; kw;Wk; mzpNruhf; nfhs;if gw;wp vOJf. gQ;rrPyk; : gpujkh; [tfh;yhy; NeU mikjpf;fhf gpd;gw;wpa Ie;J mk;r nfhs;ifiaNa gQ;rrPyk; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 1. xt;nthU ehLk.; gpw ehLfspd; ,iaahz;ikia kjpj;jy;. 2. ve;j xU ehLk; gpw ehl;ilj; jhf;ff; $lhJ. 3. ve;j xU ehLk; kw;w ehLfspd; cs;tptfhuq;fspy; jiyaplf; $lhJ. 4. midj;J ehLfSk; rkj;Jtk; kw;Wk; gu];gu ey;YwT nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. 5. xt;nthU ehLk; gpw ehLfSld; mikjpahd Kiwapy; ,zq;fpapUj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. mzpNruhf; nfhs;if : ,uz;lhk; cyfg; NghUf;Fg; gpwF cyf ehLfs; ,uz;L gifik mzpfshf gpupe;jd. mnkupf;fhtpd; jiyikapy; xU mzpAk; u\;ahtpd; jiyikapy; kw;nwhU mzpAk; cUthfpd. ,e;j ,uz;L mzpfspYk; Nruhky; ,e;jpah eLepiy ehlhf tpsq;fpaJ. 2. rhh;f; mikg;G gw;wp rpW Fwpg;G vOJf. 1. rhh;f; mikg;G 1985 Mk; Mz;L Njhd;wpaJ. 2. ,J njw;fhrpa ehLfspd; gpuhe;jpaf; $l;likg;G vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 3. ,jd; Kjy; nghJr; nrayhsh; Mrhd; Mthh;. 4. ,e;jpah> ghfp];jhd;> Neghsk;> g+lhd;> gq;fshNj\;> ,yq;if> khyj; jPTfs;> Mg;fhdp];jhd;> Mfpait cWg;G ehLfs;. 5. Nghf;Ftuj;J> Rw;Wy;yh> Rfhjhuk;> Ntshz;ik> jfty; njhlh;G Nghd;wtw;wpy; cjtp nra;J nfhs;Sjy; vd;w mbg;gilapy; nray;gLfpd;wd. 3. Njh;jy; Kiwia Fwpg;gpl;L mtw;iwg; gw;wp tpsf;fk; jUf. Njh;jy; Kiw : ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. 1. Neubj; Njh;jy; Kiw v.fh. rl;lkd;wk;> ehlhSkd;wj;jpw;F elj;jg;gLk; Njh;jy;. kiwKfj; Njh;jy; 1. kf;fs; jq;fs; gpujpepjpfis cWg;gpdh;fs; %ykhf Njh;e;J vLg;gJ kiwKfj; Njh;jy; 2. v.fh. FbauRj; jiyth;> Jiz FbauRj; jiyth; Njh;e;njLf;Fk; Kiw. 2. kiwKfj; Njh;jy; Kiw Neubj; Njh;jy; Kiw :- kf;fs;> jq;fs; gpujpepjpfis jhq;fNs Neubahf thf;fspj;J Njh;T nra;tJ.

4. NjrPa xUikg;ghL gw;wp vOJf. 1. ,e;jpahtpd; Gtpapay; mikg;G> tho;f;if Kiw nkhop> czT> cil Nghd;wtw;why; kf;fs; NtWgLfpd;wdh;. 2. ,e;jpag; ghuk;gupaj;jpy; mth;fs; xd;WgLfpd;wdh;. 3. kdpjhgpkhdk;> rka czh;T> rNfhjuj;Jtk;> el;G> rfpg;Gj; jd;ik Nghd;wit xw;Wik kw;Wk; xUikg;ghl;Lld; tho top nra;fpd;wd. 4. ,e;jpah; vd;w vz;zk;> midtUk; rNfhju rNfhjupfs; vd;w vz;zk; ,e;jpa xUikg;ghl;il tsh;f;fpd;wd. 5. Njrpaf; nfhb> Njrpag; ghly;> Njrp;a rpd;;dq;fs; Nghd;witAk; xUikg;ghl;il tsh;f;fpd;wd. 5. Efh;Nthiug; ghJfhf;fj; jkpof muR Nkw;nfhz;Ls;s eltbf;iffs;: 1. fy;tp epiyaq;fspy; Efh;Nthh; fofq;fs; mikj;jy;. 2. efuq;fspy; FbapUg;Nghh; eyr; rq;fq;fis cUthf;Fjy;. 3. fUj;juq;Ffs; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;. 4. Efh;Nthh; ftrk; ,jopd; %yk; tpopg;Gzh;T Vw;gLj;Jjy;. 5. thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp %yk; nghJ kf;fsplk; gpur;rhuk; nra;jy; KjypadthFk;.

gFjp - ,
1.,e;jpah Xh; Jizf; fz;lk; - epahag;gLj;Jf. (m) fhuzk; $Wf. xU fz;lj;jpw;Fupa gz;Gfshd 3. ,aw;ifj; jhtuq;fisAk; 2. Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik gw;wp tptup. 1. ,e;jpahtpd; kpf caukhd rpfuk; K2-Tk;> kpfj; jho;e;j flw;fiu rkntspAk; cs;sJ. 2. kpf mjpf kio ngWk; gFjpahd nksrpd;uhKk;> Fiwe;j kio ngWk; jhh; ghiytdKk; ,q;Fs;sJ. 3. mlh;e;j fhLfs;> Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyapYk; twz;l Kl;Gjh; fhLfs; jhh; ghiytdj;jpYk; cs;sJ. 4. gy;NtW fyhr;rhuq;fs;> nkhop> rkaq;fs; Nghd;wit ,e;jpahtpy; cs;sd. 5. ,t;thW NtWgl;lhYk; ehk; midtUk; ,e;jpah; vd;w czh;tpy; xd;Wgl;L epw;gjhy; ,e;jpah Ntw;Wikapy; xw;Wik cs;s ehlhf cs;sJ. 3. njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;wpd; VNjDk; xU fpisapid tptup. njd;Nkw;F gUtf; fhw;wpd; ,U fpisfs; 1. mugpf; fly; fpis mugpf; fly; fpis: 1. ,f;fhw;W <ug;gjk; kpf;f fhw;W 2. tq;fhs tpupFlh fpis 1. ,aw;if mikg;G gpupTfisAk; 4. fdpk tsq;fisAk;. 2. fhyepiyiaAk;

5. fyhr;rhu $WfisAk; ngw;Ws;sjhy; ,e;jpahit xU Jizf; fz;lk; vd;fpNwhk;.

2. Nkw;F njhlh;r;rp kiyfshy; jLf;fg;gl;L Nkw;F flw;fiu mjpf kiog; nghopitj; jUfpwJ. 3. ,uz;lhtJ gFjp tpe;jpa rhj;g+uh kiyfissf; fle;J Nrhl;lh ehfGup gFjpf;F kioiaj; jUfpwJ. 4. %d;whtJ gFjp fhw;Wf;F ,izahf mike;Js;s Muty;yp kiyiaf; fle;J kioiaj; jUtjpy;iy. 5. gpd;G tq;fhs tpupFlh fpisapy; ,izfpd;wJ.

4. kio ePh; Nrfupg;gpid tpsf;Ff. 1. ,e;jpah> ntg;g kz;ly gUtf; fhw;W fhyepiy gFjpapy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 2. gUtf; fhw;wpy; kio rPww;Wf; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. 3. vdNt kio ePiu Nrfupg;gJ mtrpakhFk;. 4. ,k;kio ePiu epyj;jpd; mbapy; Nrfupf;fyhk;. 5. kio ePiu Nrfupj;J Njitg;gLk; Neuq;fspy; gad;gLj;JtJ kio ePh; mWtilahFk;. 5. fhLfspd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;jpid tptup. 1. fhLfs; tPl;bw;Fk;> njhopw;rhiyfSf;Fk; Njitahd %yg; nghUl;fisj; jUfpwJ. 2. fhLfspd; %yk; me;epar; nryhtzp fpilf;fpwJ. 3. Rw;Wyh ikaq;fshf cs;sd. 4. kz;zupg;igj; jLf;fpwJ. 6.,e;jpar; rhiyfspd; tiffis tptup: 1. fpuhkr; rhiyfs; 2. khtl;lr; rhiyfs; 3. khepyr; rhiyfs; 4. Njrpa neLQ;rhiyfs; 5. jq;f ehw;fu rhiy - fpuhk gQ;rhaj;jhy; eph;tfpf;fg;gLfpwJ. - efuhl;rp (m) khefuhl;rp eph;tfpf;fpd;wJ - khepy muR eph;tfpf;fp d;wJ - kj;jpa muR eph;tfpf;fpd;wJ - khngUk; rhiy tsh;r;rpj; jpl;lk; 6. tpiuT neLQ;rhiyfs;> 5. ehl;bd; vup rf;jp Njitia 40 % g+h;j;jp nra;fpwJ.

7.vy;iyNahu rhiyfs; kw;Wk; gd;dhl;L rhiyfs; vd tifg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd. 7.njhiy Ez;Zzh;T El;gj;jpid tptup. .1 Gtpapd; tptuq;fis njhiytpy; ,Ue;J Nrfupg;gJ MFk;. (Neubahf njhlh;G nfhs;shky;) 2. ,tw;wpd; %yk; ghiwf; Nfhsk;> ePh; Nfhsk;> tspf;Nfhsk; Nghd;wit mstplg;gLfpd;wJ. 3. ,jpy; czh;tpfs; vd;w fUtp gad;gLfpd;wJ. 4. ,f;fUtpfs; n`ypfhg;lh;> tpkhdq;fs;> nraw;if Nfhspy; nghUj;jg;gl;L jfty; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 5. #upa xspapd; kpd;fhe;j miyfis gjpT nra;tjd; %yk; ngwg;gLfpd;wd. 8. njhiy Ez;Zzh;T El;gj;jpd; njhFjpfis tptup. 1. Mw;wy; %yk; - #upad; xU Mw;wy; tsk;. 2. #upadplk; ,Ue;J tUk; Mw;wy; tsp kz;lyj;jhy; fpufpf;f my;yJ gpujpgypf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 3. Gtpia te;jilAk; Mw;wy; Gtpapd; jd;ikia nghUj;J khWgLfpd;wJ. 4. kpd; fhe;j miyfspd; tyk;> jfty; my;yJ Gs;sp tptuq;fs; Nrfupf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. 5. ngwg;gl;l Gs;sp tptuq;fs; gy;NtW gjpk vz;zhf khw;wg;gLfpd;wd. 6. tptuzk; nra;jy; 7. gad;ghLfs; Nghd;witahFk;. 9. njhiy Ez;Zzh;T El;gj;jpid gad;gLj;Jk; Kiwapid tptup 1. gue;J tpupe;j epyg; gFjpapid RUf;fkhf mspf;f. 2. mZf Kbahj Gtpg; gFjpapd; tpguq;fis mwpa. 3. Gtpg; gFjpapd; tptuq;fis vspjhfTk;> NtfkhfTk; rupahfTk; jpul;l. 4. ehl;L eyj; jpl;lq;fs; jPl;lTk;> jPl;ba jpl;lq;fis KOikahf nray;gLj;j. 5. epytiu glq;fis kpfj; Jy;ypakhfTk;> tpiuthfTk; tiua gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

gFjp - <
1. ehl;L tUkhdj;jpd; ,uz;L mbg;gil fUj;Jf;fs; tptup. 1. nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp 2. jyh tUkhdk; nkhj;j ehl;L cw;gj;jp: xU ehl;by; Xh; Mz;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfspd; nkhj;j kjpg;ghFk;. jyh tUkhdk; ehl;L tUkhdj;ij me;ehl;bd; kf;fs; njhifahy; tFj;jhy; fpilf;Fk; <T jyh tUkhdk; MFk;. 8. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij mwptjd; mtrpak; ahJ ? 1. ehl;bd; nghUshjhu epiyia fzf;fpl. 2. ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfis kjpg;gpl. 3. ehl;bd; nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpia mstpl. 4. ehl;L tUkhdj;jpy; %d;W Jiwfspd; gq;fspg;ig mwpa. 5. muR nghUshjhu tsh;r;rpia mjpfupf;f nfhs;if tFf;fTk;> jpl;lkplTk; gad;gLfpd;wJ. 3. eyk; ehLk; murpd; gzpfis tptup. 1. ghJfhg;G gzpfs; - me;epa ehl;L gilnaLg;ig jLj;jy>;; cs;ehl;L fytuq;fisj; jLj;jy;. 2. eph;thfg; gzpfs; - rl;lkd;wk;> eph;thfk;> ePjpj;Jiw %yk; nray;gLj;Jjy;.
3. r%f ghJfhg;G gzpfs; - Viofs;> cly;eykw;Nwhh; kw;Wk; Ntiyaw;Nwhh;fSf;F epthuzk; toq;Fjy;. 4. nghUshjhug; gzpfs; - Ntshz;ik> tzpfk; kw;Wk; njhopw; tsh;r;rpf;fhf eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sy;.

4. ehl;L tUkhdj;ij fzf;fpLk; Kiwfs; 1. cw;gj;jp Kiw : ehl;by; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; nghUl;fs; kw;Wk; gzpfs; %yk; fzf;fply;.
2. tUkhd Kiw : ehl;by; cs;s midj;J kf;fspd; tUkhdj;ijmbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fzf;fply;.

3. nrytpd Kiw : EfUk; nghUl;fspd; nryT> KjyPL> Nrkpg;G Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; fzf;fply;.
VII. fPo;fz;ltw;wpw;F fhyf;NfhL tiuf. tiuf

01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07. 08. 09. 10. 11.

1856 - nghJ ,uhZt gzpahsh; rl;lk; 1857 - Kjy; ,e;jpa Rje;jpug; Nghh;> rpg;gha; fyfk;> ngUk; Gul;rp 1858 - tpf;Nlhupah kfhuhzpapd; Nguwpf;if 1870 - n[h;kdp xUq;fpizg;G 1878 - ,e;jpa MAjr; rl;lk;> tl;lhu nkhop gj;jpupf;if jilr; rl;lk; 1882 - Kf;$l;L cld;gbf;if. 1885 - ,e;jpa Njrpa fhq;fpu]; Njhw;wk; 1905 - tq;fg; gpuptpid (m) RNjrp ,af;fk; 1906 - K];yPk; yPf; Njhw;wk; 1907 - #uj; gpsT> Kf;$l;L el;GwT cld;gbf;if 1909 - kpz;Nlh-khh;yp rPh;jpUj;jk;

12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 27. 28. 29. 30. 31. 32. 33. 34. 35. 36. 37.

1911 - tq;fhsk; ,izjy; 1912 - Kjy; ghy;fd; Nghh; 1914 - Kjy; cyfg; Nghh; Jtf;fk; 1916 - jd;dhl;rp ,af;fk;> yf;Ndh xg;ge;jk; 1917 - ,u\;ag; Gul;rp> Yhrplhdpah fg;gy; %o;fbf;fg;gly;> Mf];l; mwpf;if> mf;Nlhgh; Gul;;rp 1918 - Kjy; cyfg; Nghh; KbT 1919 - khz;NlF-nrk;]; Nghh;L rPh;jpUj;jk;> [hypad; thyhghf; gLnfhiy> nusyl; rl;lk>; ghupR mikjp khehL> nth;nrapy;]; cld;gbf;if. 1920 1922 1923 1927 1929 1930 1931 1932 1935 - xj;Jioahik ,af;fk;> fpyhgj; ,af;fk;> rh;tNjr rq;fk; - nrsup nrsuh epfo;T - Rauh[;a fl;rp Njhw;wk; - irkd; FO ,e;jpah tUif. - yh$h; fhq;fpu]; khehL - cg;Gr; rj;jpahfpufk;> rl;l kWg;G ,af;fk>; Kjy; tl;l Nki[ khehL> jz;b ahj;jpiu - fhe;jp ,h;tpd; xg;ge;jk;> ,uz;lhk; tl;l Nki[ khehL> rPdh kQ;#upahit ifg;gw;Wjy; - %d;whk; tl;l Nki[ khehL> g+dh xg;ge;jk;> tFg;G thup gpujpepjpj;Jtk>; ,uhk;Nr nkf;nlhdhy;L - ,e;jpa muRr; rl;lk;

1939 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; Jtf;fk; 1940 - Mf];l; ed;nfhil> [pd;dhtpd; ghfp];jhd; Nfhupf;if 1941 - [g;ghd; Kj;J JiwKfj;ij jhf;Fjy;> ml;yhz;bf; rhrdk; 1942 - fpupg;]; JhJf; FO> nts;isaNd ntspNaW ,af;fk;> ,e;jpa Njrpa ,uhZtk; 1945 1946 1947 1950 1954 - ,uz;lhk; cyfg; Nghh; KbT> n[h;kdp ruziljy;> `pl;yh; jw;nfhiy> I.eh. rigapd; Njhw;wk; - mikr;ruit JhJf; FO> ,ilf;fhy muR - kTz;l; Ngl;ld; jpl;lk;> ,e;jpa tpLjiy - ,e;jpah FbauR miljy; - gpnuQ;Rg; gFjpfs; ,izT

1961 - Nghh;r;Rf;fPrpa gFjpfs; ,izT

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