1 23

2010-2011
( , 1-3)
21/11/2010

1
:
, /
/:
1.
2.

:
1,
1, : ( 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.2.3, 1.2.4)

() (), ()
() ( 1).
() (), (). (),
() () .
() () WiFi
(), () ()
(. GSM, UMTS). ()
(hardware), (software) (interfaces).

WiFi

WiFi

/
WiFi

/
WiFi

(Do
wnli

nk)

(Dow
nlink)

(Up
link
)

A
(Uplink)

1: ()

:
1: () ,
,
() 1.
:
) contrast bits/pixel, ,

( C1, C2, C3, C4, C5)
) ( D1, D2,
D3, D4, D5)
1:

(computed
Tomographer-CT)

(Mammographer)

10

D2

spatial
(pixels x
pixels)

Contrast

512x512

x C1

512x512

x C2

512x512

x C3

384
Kbytes

20

D3

1024x1250

x C4

15

D4

4096x4096

x C5

1.5
bytes
24
bytes

30

D5

(bits/pixel)
256
Kbytes
256
Kbytes

D1

2: () ()
,
()
, ()
. 2,
.


2:

(kbit/sec)

(sec)

(digital
sphygmomanometer)

(digital
audio
stethoscope electro
cardiographer)

(kbit)
1

10

:
( 1, 2,
3)
3: () (/) .
(/) ()
() ().
A
( 1).
B
() .

.
:
) ()
() ;
3.
3: ( )

GSM (GPRS)
UMTS
(W-CDMAHSDPA)
WiFi: 802.11b
WiFi: 802.11g

(Downlink)
[Mbit/sec]
0.0856
14.4

(Uplink)
[Mbit/sec]
0.0428
0.38

11
54

11
54


) () () /
() ;
) () /
(), (
) ; ( )
:
1.

.
2. ,
.
3.
.
4.
.
5. :
1 Byte = 8 bit
1 Byte = 1024 KBytes = 1024x1024 Bytes
1 Mbps = 1000 Kbps = 1000x1000 bps

2
:

&
.
:

1,
1, : ( 1.2.1, 1.2.2, 1.2.3, 1.2.4)

( )
, :
1: ( MHz)
(Signal to Noise Ratio SNR) 15.58 dB.
DVB-T
22 Mbps.
2: 30 min
, .
:
24 frames/sec
10 kbits
1920x1080 *pixels+ ( )
3 bit
5000:1
:
2.) (pixel)
2.)
CD-ROM 750 bytes;
:

W log2 1 SNR , C (

bps), W SNR
*Signal to Noise Ratio SNR+. SNR ().
1 Byte = 8 bits
1 Byte = 1024x1024 Byte
1 Mbps = 1000 Kbps = 1000x1000 bps

3
:

.
:

1, 1.2, 1.4 1.6

: 04 -
.
full duplex 1 Hz.
4 KHz.
( 8 ) .
( ) 10% .
;

4
:

.
:

2,
: 03 -
: 05 -
: , 2:
(switching network):
= (hops)
L = bits
= bits (bps)
P = bits
H = ( - header) bits
S = ( )

D = (hop)
= 4, L = 3200, B = 9600, P = 1024, H = 16, S = 0,2 D = 0,001
:
1. (circuit switching network)
2. (datagram packet switching network)
3. (virtual circuit packet switching network)

.

5
:

.
:

2, 2.2
X.25 :
1: (Physical Layer)
2: (Link Layer)
3: (Link Layer)
3 .
;

1 ()

25

1
1
2
3
3
3

2
3
5
5
5
5

2 ()

25

1
2
2

10
5
10

3 ()
4 ()

15
25

1
2
3

10
10
5

5 ()

10
100

10, .