TRNG I HC NNG LM THNH PH H CH MINH

MN HC BO TN A DNG SINH HC

Tiu lun

NGHIN CU BO TN A DNG SINH HC THC VT THN G

TI RNG PHNG H CN GI THNH PH H CH MINH

Thng 5 nm 2009

Chng 1

Chng 2

Chng 3

Chng 4

Chng 5

MC LC
M U
1.1. t vn
1.2. Mc tiu nghin cu
1.3. Mc ch nghin cu
1.4. i tng v phm vi nghin cu
TNG QUAN TI LIU NGHIN CU
2.1. Tng quan v a dng sinh hc
2.1.1. Khi nim v a dng sinh hc ...
2.1.2. Tm quan trng ca a dng sinh hc
2.1.3. Nguyn nhn suy thoi a dng sinh hc v gii php bo tn ..
2.1.4. Mt s chng trnh Nh nc c cc ti lin quan n bo tn a
dng sinh hc
2.1.5. Cc phng php nh gi a dng sinh hc .
2.2. Khi qut v rng ngp mn .............
2.2.1. Trn th gii ...
2.2.2. Vit Nam .
2.3. Tnh hnh nghin cu v a dng sinh hc ...
2.3.1. Mt s nghin cu v a dng sinh hc trn th gii .
2.3.2. Nghin cu v a dng sinh hc Vit Nam .

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C IM KHU VC, NI DUNG V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

3.1. c im khu vc nghin cu ..
3.1.1. iu kin t nhin ..
3.1.2. Thc vt rng ngp mn Cn Gi ..
3.2. Ni dung nghin cu
3.3. Phng php nghin cu a dng sinh hc thc vt ................
3.3.1. C s la chn tiu khu nghin cu ...
3.3.2. Cng tc chun b ...
3.3.3. Ngoi nghip ...
3.3.4. X l s liu ...
3.4. Phng php nghin cu a dng sinh hc th
3.5. Phng php nghin cu a dng sinh hc chim .

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KT QU V THO LUN
4.1. V tr cc o m ...
4.2. nh lng a dng sinh hc thc vt ti tiu khu 1
4.2.1. Phn tch a dng thc vt loi ti tiu khu 1
4.2.2. Phn tch a dng h thc vt trong tiu khu 1 .
4.2.3 Phn tch a dng qun x thc vt trong tiu khu 1 ..

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KT LUN V KIN NGH

5.1. Kt lun
5.2. Kin ngh ..........

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Chng 1
M U
1.1. t vn
Thnh ph H Ch Minh l trung tm vn ha, kinh t ca c khu vc Nam B.
Tc pht trin kinh t kh cao so vi cc tnh, thnh ph trong c nc, th hin r
nt trong vic th ha, cng nghip ha trn a bn. H qu tiu cc ca qu trnh
pht trin ny l nhim mi trng sng ca ngi dn thnh ph v mt s h sinh
thi c lin quan khc. C th l rng ngp mn Cn Gi.
Rng ngp mn Cn Gi c hnh thnh gn vi qu trnh ln bin t nhin
ca h thng sng ngi ti y, trong chin tranh rng ngp mn Cn Gi b tn ph
nng n bi cht khai hoang, sau khi ha bnh lp li vi quyt tm ca ngi dn
thnh ph, rng ngp mn Cn Gi dn c khi phc li, c th gii nh gi
cao v t chc UNESCO cng nhn l khu d tr sinh quyn u tin Vit Nam,
rng ngp mn Cn Gi c v nh l phi ca thnh ph H Ch Minh, c chc nng
ci thin tnh trng nhim mi trng ca mt thnh ph ang pht trin vi tc
cao. ng thi y cng l ni c mi trng v iu kin thun li cho vic t chc
du lch sinh thi, p ng nhu cu du lch d ngoi ca ngi dn thnh ph v cc
vng ln cn, to iu kin ci thin cuc sng ca ngi dn a phng.
Rng ngp mn Cn Gi cn l mi trng sinh sng cho h ng vt hoang d
ti y, ni cch khc a dng sinh hc thc vt v a dng sinh hc ng vt c mi
qua h cht ch vi nhau, trong mi qua h a dng sinh hc thc vt quyt nh
tnh a dng ca ton khu vc.
Rng ngp mn cn gi l ca ng tip nhn tu b trong v ngoi nc n vi
thnh ph H Ch Minh, do vy rng ti y cn c chc nng phng h nh chng st
l, bi t lng sng do tu b gy nn. L l chn thin tai t bin c cho thnh ph
nh gi, bo. C nh ph sa bi t t ca sng mang ra bin, thc hin qu trnh ln
bin t nhin ca rng ngp mn.
Vi tm quan trng nh vy, c c s khoa hc trong vic qun l ti nguyn
thin nhin v xut cc bin php bo tn a dng sinh hc trong tng lai cho ph
hp vi c th ti a phng, vic thc hin ti nghin cu tnh a dng sinh hc
thc vt thn g ti rng ngp mn Cn Gi thnh ph H Ch Minh l rt cn thit.

1.2. Mc tiu nghin cu

3

nh gi hin trng a dng sinh hc thc vt thn g v mt cu trc, thnh

phn loi ti tiu khu 1 rng ngp mn Cn Gi.
Nm c xu hng din th v bin ng ca thm thc vt ti y.
Phn tch kt qu nghin cu, xut cc bin php hu hiu trong cng tc
qun l bo v, bo tn a dng sinh hc thc vt thn g cc mc loi, h, qun
x ti tiu khu 1.
1.3. Mc ch nghin cu
Thng qua qu trnh iu tra, nh gi, phn tch cc ch s a dng sinh hc
thc vt thn g, xy dng d liu c bn v a dng sinh hc thc vt bng phng
php nh lng cho tiu khu 1, lm c s theo di v s dng bn vng ti nguyn
thc vt ca tiu khu. ng thi, lm c s cho vic nghin cu nhng tiu khu cn li
ca rng ngp mn Cn Gi. Kt qu nghin cu cng lm c s s b cho vic theo
di, xut cc bin php bo tn a dng sinh hc cho khu vc trong tng lai.
1.4. i tng v phm vi nghin cu
1.4.1. i tng nghin cu
Tnh a dng sinh hc thc vt thn g ti tiu khu 1 rng ngp mn Cn Gi.
1.4.2. Khch th nghin cu
Thc vt thn g rng ngp mn Cn Gi.
1.4.3. i tng kho st
Tiu khu 1, rng ngp mn Cn Gi.
1.4.4. Phm vi nghin cu
Nghin cu a dng sinh hc thc vt thn g rng ngp mn Cn Gi ch thc
hin i vi 1 tiu khu, l tiu khu 1 rng ngp mn Cn Gi. Do thi gian v iu
kin khng cho php, nghin cu ch mc a dng loi, h v qun x thc vt
thn g rng ngp mn (c ng knh ti v tr 1,3 m t 6 cm tr ln) m cha nghin
cu v a dng gen ca h thc vt thn g rng ngp mn v thc vt c ng knh
ti v tr 1,3 m t 6 cm tr xung.
Chng 2

TNG QUAN TI LIU NGHIN CU

2.1. Tng quan v a dng sinh hc
2.1.1. Khi nim v a dng sinh hc
a dng sinh hc l thut ng ch tnh phong ph ca s sng trn tri t, l hng
triu loi thc vt, ng vt v vi sinh vt, l cc gien cha ng trong cc loi v nhng h
sinh thi v cng phc tp cng tn ti trong mi trng.
a dng sinh hc 3 mc : a dng di truyn, a dng loi, a dng h sinh thi.
. a dng di truyn: Hay cn gi l a dng gen, ch s phong ph v gen v s khc nhau s
lng ca cc gen, b gen trong mi qun th v gia cc c th. Nghin cu v a dng gen
i hi nhiu thi gian, thit b ti chnh, k thut v hiu bit v a dng gen trn th gii cn
t. Tuy nhin, a dng di truyn c tm quan trng i vi bt k mt loi sinh vt no duy
tr kh nng sinh sn hu th, tnh bn vng v kh nng thch nghi ca cc c th trong loi
vi cc iu kin sng lun lun bin i.
. a dng loi: L s phong ph v s loi v tr lng cc loi trong h sinh thi. y l
khi nim d hiu v d nhn thy trong thc t v mt danh lc cc loi ng thc vt ghi
nhn c ca mt dt kho st thc a chnh l a dng loi ng thc vt khu vc
Hin nay c khong trn 1,4 triu loi sinh vt c m t v d on c th c t 5 triu
n 30 triu loi sinh vt trn tri t (Wilson, 1988). a dng loi c tm quan trng trong
vic duy tr tnh n nh ca cc qun th v h sinh thi.
. a dng h sinh thi: Cc qun x sinh hc c quan h qua li vi mi trng vt l to
thnh mt h sinh thi. S phong ph v mi trng trn cn v di nc ca qu t to
nn mt s lng ln v h sinh thi. a dng v h sinh thi l s phong ph v h trng thi
v loi hnh ca cc mi quan h gia qun x sinh hc vi mi trng t nhin.
2.1.2. Tm quan trng ca a dng sinh hc
Gi tr a dng sinh hc l khng thay th c i vi s tn ti v pht trin ca th
gii sinh hc trong c con ngi, vi kinh t, x hi, vn ha v gio dc, c th:

. Gi tr kinh t: a dng sinh hc l , ang v s mi mi l ngun lng thc,

thc phm, ni tr n, ngun ging vt nui cy trng v l ngun dc liu qu gi
m bo cho loi ngi tn ti v pht trin. a dng sinh hc cn cung cp cc
nguyn vt liu cho nhiu nghnh ngh nh g, nha, si, da lng, c bit l ci un
cho hng t con ngi trn th gii.
. Gi tr sinh thi v mi trng: Cc h sinh thi l c s sinh tn ca mi loi sinh
vt. N cn c vai tr quan trng trong iu ha kh hu, lm sch mi trng khng
kh, nc, m bo cho cc chu trnh nc, chu trnh nit, chu trnh cacbon, chu trnh

photpho a dng sinh hc c vai tr trong gi gn ph ca t, cn bng ngun

nc v ngn nga dch bnh.
. Gi tr thm m, vn ha, tn ngng v gii tr: Nhng hnh nh, nhng cnh
quan t nhin do cc loi sinh vt cng nh cc h sinh thi to nn gip con ngi
m mang tr tu, lm giu tri thc ca mnh. a dng sinh hc gip con ngi sng v
hiu nhau hn Khm ph thin nhin hoang d lun l nim am m ca hng triu con
ngi trn khp th gii, v du lch sinh thi hin l mt trong cc nghnh c tc
pht trin nhanh, thu li ln nhiu nc trn th gii.
2.1.3. Nguyn nhn suy thoi a dng sinh hc v gii php bo tn
. Suy thoi a dng sinh hc: c hai nguyn nhn chnh l nguyn nhn t nhin
v do con ngi, trong nguyn nhn do cong ngi l ch yu:
- Rng t nhin b mt v chia ct thnh cc m nh, chy rng khai thc lm
sn qu mc, lm mt ni sng ca cc loi sinh vt;
- Du canh v xm ln t rng (ph rng lm ry, di dn t do, ph rng ngp
mn lm m nui tm, );
- nhim ngun nc (do nc thi cng nghip, thuc tr su, trn du, lng
ng bn cc ca sng, bn cng, );
- S xung cp vng b bin ( b bin thu hp, vng triu gim, chua phn
tng, qu trnh lng bn ca sng v nhim);
- S chuyn i sang kinh t th trng (s dng ging cy trng vt nui mi
c nng sut cao, loi b cc loi bn a nng sut thp, ).
. L do bo tn a dng sinh hc

- Phc v cho mc ch s dng trong hin ti v tng lai, cc nhn t ca a

dng sinh hc nh cc ngun ti nguyn sinh hc.
- Phc v cho vic duy tr sinh quyn trong trng thi c th h tr cho cuc
sng con ngi.
- Phc v bo tn a dng sinh hc m khng v mc ch no khc, c bit l
tt c cc loi ang sng hin nay.
. Cc gii php bo tn a dng sinh hc, Vit Nam cng nh cc nc trn th gii
cng ang p dng 3 gii php bo tn a dng sinh hc ch yu sau:

- Cng c quc t: Chng ta k tham gia nhiu cng c quc t nhma82

gp phn bo tn a dng sinh hc ton cu (cng c bo v cc vng t ngp nc
RAMSAR, cng c v bun bn quc t cc loi ng thc vt hoang d nguy cp
CITES, cng c a dng sinh hc, ). Vit Nam cng xy dng nhiu vn bn
php qui quc gia.
- Bo tn ni vi (In - situ): y l gii php bo tn cc loi ti ngay ni chng
loi ang tn ti, Bo tn ni vi hin c nhiu quc gia p dng thng qua cc hot
ng xy dng h thng cc khu bo tn;
- Bo tn ngoi vi (Ex - situ) gy nui trng cc loi c nguy c b tiu dit
thng qua cc hot ng xy dng cc Vn thc vt, Vn cy g, Ngn hng ht
ging, Vn th, Trung tm cu h, B nui.
2.1.4. Mt s chng trnh Nh nc c cc ti lin quan n bo tn a
dng sinh hc
- Chng trnh Khoa hc v cng ngh trng im cp Nh nc
Trong chng trnh Khoa hc v cng ngh trng im cp Nh nc giai on
2001 - 2005 v bo v mi trng v phng chng thin tai c mt s ti lin quan
n kim k, nh gi, xy dng m hnh qun l ti nguyn sinh vt v a dng sinh
hc ca mt s vng lnh th nh lu vc sng , vng Qung Bnh - Qung Tr.
Chng trnh iu tra c bn v nghin cu ng dng cng ngh bin c mt s
ti lin quan n xy dng c s d liu sinh vt bin Vit Nam, ngun li thy sn
xa b, phc hi cc h sinh thi san h, c bin, khc phc mi trng bin t sinh.
Chng trnh nghin cu khoa hc c bn giai on 1996 - 2000 c 51 ti
nghin cu v a dng sinh hc.
- Chng trnh Khoa hc cp cc B
T 1998 2010 B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn thc hin chng trnh
Xy dng v m rng cc Vn Quc gia v Khu Bo tn thin nhin, a din tch
cc khu bo v t 952.822 ha ln 2,5 triu ha; xut bo v v qun l 15 khu t
ngp nc; Qun l a dng sinh hc hu ht cc Vn Quc gia v mt s Khu Bo
tn thin nhin; Thnh lp 11 Vn Su tp thc vt, 3 Trung tm cu h; Qun l
vng m cc Vn Quc gia; Cng ng tham gia v chia s li ch trong cng tc
bo tn; iu tra, thng k, nh gi hin trng v nh hng ca cc cy trng, vt
nui nhp ni vi cc loi bn a.
Vin Sinh thi v Ti nguyn sinh vt nh gi tnh trng a dng sinh hc
chung cho c Vit Nam; n son tho Danh lc Vit Nam v Sch Vit Nam
7

theo tiu chun IUCN c thc hin t 2001, hin nay xong bn tho; ti
c lp cp Nh nc nm 2003 nghin cu b sung v hon thin B ng vt ch,
thc vt ch Vit Nam; n hp tc Bo tn thc vt Vit Nam gia Vin Sinh thi
ti nguyn sinh vt vi Vn Thc vt Missouri Hoa K; n Ti nguyn thc vt
cc nc ng Nam ; D n a dng gen ca 2 loi tre Vit Nam (do Nht ti tr);
n xy dng c s d liu thc vt, ng vt Vit Nam (phn lc a) thc hin t
2002 - 2003; iu tra, nghin cu a dng sinh hc cho cc Vn Quc gia, Khu Bo
tn; Tham gia nh gi tc ng mi trng cc cng trnh xy dng, ch tr cc vn
nh gi tc ng mi trng ca cng trnh n h sinh thi v a dng sinh hc;
Tham gia cc d n bo v a dng sinh hc tiu vng, xuyn bin gii, cc d n ca
WWF, IUCN, Birdlife, Care...
Mt s d n khc nh D n "Xy dng cc Khu Bo tn thin nhin trn c
s xy dng quan im sinh thi cnh quan" (d n PARC) do Qu mi trng ton
cu GEF ti tr; D n "Bo tn cc loi cy trng bn a v h hng hoang di ca
chng Vit Nam" v mt s d n khc do t chc Trung tm a dng sinh hc
Asean (ACB) ti tr.
2.1.5. Cc phng php nh gi a dng sinh hc

. iu tra a dng sinh hc:

- iu tra thnh phn loi: Cn c gi l iu tra khu h (thc vt, ng vt
hoc mt nhm c th) v l cc hot ng kho st thc a nhm cung cp nhng
thng tin v s lng loi hin c v s phn b ca chng trong cc dng sinh cnh
nu c th. Kt qu cui cng ca cc cuc iu tra nh vy s cung cp mt bn danh
mc cc loi c mt trong khu vc theo h thng phn loi v mt bn phn b cc
loi ch yu.
- iu tra tr lng: iu tra tr lng l nhng hot ng ngoi nghip kh
khn hn, i hi k nng, kinh nghim v ngun c nhiu hn. Cc thng tin quan
trng m nhng cuc iu tra ny mang li s l cu tr li cho cu hi loi c bao
nhiu con trong khu bo tn
Nh vy, cc cuc iu tra a dng sinh hc s cung cp nhng thng tin c bn
v khu h thc vt, ng vt cng nhng c im v phn b, s lng cc th ca
cc qun th. Nhng thng tin ny l tin cho cc hot ng tip theo (qui hoch
bo tn, nghin cu sinh hc, nghin cu sinh thi).
. Gim st a dng sinh hc:
L nhng hot ng nhm nh gi xu hng bin i thnh phn loi, tr
lng qun th, nhng tc ng t bn ngoi vo qun th. Gim st a dng sinh hc
c th cung cp cho ta cc thng tin v:
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- Nhng thnh qu ca mt hot ng (phc hi hoc sng to mi);

- Nhng mc tiu t c hoc ni tri;
- Tnh hiu qu hoc km hiu qu ca vic chi ph ti chnh i vi mc ch
t ra;
- Vn no trong k hoch t ra cn c tng cng hoc sa i;
- Nhng thay i cn thit tng tnh hiu qu ca hot ng qun l i vi
vic phc hi sinh cnh, s dng t, bo tn a dng sinh hc, bin i kh hu,
. Cc ch s nh gi a dng sinh hc
Khi nim nh gi a dng sinh hc c th hiu vi hai hot ng khc nhau nhng
c lin quan vi nhau, th nht l phn tch nh lng cc ch s a dng sinh hc (IVI- Ch
s gi tr quan trng; H- Ch s a dng Shannon Weiner, Ch s u th Simpson, v.v); th
hai l nh gi gi tr ti nguyn a dng sinh hc bao gm gi tr s dng trc tip, gin tip
v gi tr khng s dng, gi tr a phng v ton cu (Vermeulen v Izabella, 2002). Hu
ht cc nghin cu phn tch nh gi thm thc vt u p dng phng php tiu chun
(Mishra, 1968; Rastogi, 1999 v Sharma, 2003). C bn phng php tiu chun c th p
dng l phng php lit k, phng php m, phng php m v phn tch, phng
php c nh. Thng thng tiu chun c kch c 1 m x 1m c p dng cho nghin cu
thc vt thn tho, 5 m x 5 m p dng cho nghin cu thm cy bi v 10 m x 10 m p dng
cho nghin cu thm thc vt cy g ln . S liu hin trng c s dng tnh ton

cc gi tr tng i nh tn sut xut hin tng i, mt tng i, tn che

tng i, tng tit din ngang mi loi v cui cng tnh ton c ch s gi tr quan
trng IVI (trch dn bi L Quc Huy, 2005).
2.2. Khi qut v rng ngp mn
Rng ngp mn l nhng cy thn g v cy bi mc di mc triu cao ca
triu cng (FAO, 1952). V vy, h thng r ca chng thng xuyn b ngp trong
nc mn, mc d nc c th c pha long do dng nc ngt v ch ngp mt hay
hai ln trong nm (FAO, 1994) (trch dn bi Vin Ngc Nam,2005).
2.2.1. Trn th gii

Vng rng ngp mn tp trung ln nht trn th gii l vng Nam v ng Nam
(chim 41,5 %) nm 1997. Din tch rng ngp mn trn th gii c nhng bin ng ng
k trong nhng nm qua. T nm 1997 n 1983, din tch gim 6,7 % nhng sau 10 nm
din tch tng ln 17,7 % (nm 1993) (Bng 2.1). S d din tch rng ngp mn tng
l nh vic ch trng trng li v xc tin ti sinh t nhin khi c th gii thy c tm
quan trng c bit ca rng ngp mn.

Rng ngp mn khng nhng mang ngha sinh thi, phng h m cn c gi tr

kinh t rt ln, cung cp g ci, ng vt trn cn v di nc, chc nng iu ha kh
hu.
Phn loi thc vt rng ngp mn ch mang tnh tng i. Saenger v ctv (1983)
cho rng loi cy trong rng ngp mn chia thnh 2 nhm l nhm c trng v nhm
khng c trng. Tomlinson (1986) li chia cy rng ngp mn thnh 3 nhm l nhm cy
chnh, nhm cy ph (cy ven bin) v cy gia nhp (trch dn bi Vin Ngc Nam, 2005).
Phan Nguyn Hng v Hong Th Sn (1993). Hung Ta Chang (1993) da vo cu trc
v ni c tr ca thc vt rng ngp mn chia thnh 4 loi l cy ngp mn, cy bn
ngp mn, cy ven bin, cy in hnh.
2.2.2. Vit Nam
H sinh thi rng ngp mn Vit Nam kh phong ph v a dng sinh hc vi 37
loi cy ngp mn v khong 70 loi cy tham gia. Trong , 18 loi c th cung cp dch
nha cho nc ung, ng, ru; 30 loi c th cung cp g, than, ci; 14 loi cung cp
tanin; 24 loi c th dng lm phn xanh; 21 loi c th dng lm dc liu v phc v
nui ong. L mi trng sng ca 258 loi c trong hng chc loi c gi tr kinh t
cao. Ngoi ra, cc loi chim, th, b st cng rt phong ph cc khu rng ngp mn.
V thc vt rng ngp mn, theo Phan Nguyn Hng (1999), khu h thc vt rng
ngp mn Vit Nam bao gm 47 h thc vt. S lng loi cy bin ng theo tng vng
khc nhau, vng ven bin Bc B c 52 loi, vng ven bin Trung B c 69 loi, vng ven
bin Nam B c 100 loi. Vng ven bin C Mau c h sinh thi rng ngp mn phong
ph nht v t thnh loi cy, sinh trng pht trin tt v t kch thc ln. Trong khu
h thc vt rng ngp mn c 5 h gi vai tr quan trng l h c (Rhizophoraceae), h
Mm (Avicenniaceae), h Bn (Sonneratiaceae), h n nem (Myrsinaceae) v h Da
(Palmae) (trch dn bi Phng Ngc Lan, Phan Nguyn Hng v ctv, 2006).
Rng ngp mn thuc huyn Cn Gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh. Sau 22 nm (1978
2000), Cn Gi phc hi hn 30.000 ha rng ngp mn v c UNESCO cng nhn
l Khu D tr sinh quyn rng ngp mn Cn Gi vo ngy 21/1/2000. y l Khu D
tr sinh quyn rng ngp mn c phc hi sau chin tranh ha hc u tin trn th
gii, v cng l Khu D tr sinh quyn u tin ca Vit Nam (L Vn Khi v ctv,
2006).
2.3. Tnh hnh nghin cu v a dng sinh hc
2.3.1. Mt s nghin cu v a dng sinh hc trn th gii
Macintosh v Ashton (2002) Tng quan v qun l v bo tn a dng sinh hc
rng ngp mn trnh by nhng thng tin chung v a dng sinh hc v bo tn rng
ngp mn.

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Kathiresan v Qasim (2005) cho xut bn cun sch tng qut cc vn v

a dng sinh hc h sinh thi rng ngp mn n . Cun sch gii thiu chung v
a dng sinh hc, tm quan trng ca bo tn a dng sinh hc, h sinh thi rng ngp
mn ven bin.
Ti liu ca Clarke v Warwick (2001) v Phng php thu thp d liu v phn
tch thng k xc nh nhng thay i v qun x ven bin gm 17 chng trnh by
c s khoa hc, l lun hnh thnh phng php v phn tch tnh a dng sinh hc bng
phn mm PRIMER (Plymouth Routines In Multivariate Ecological Research). Cng thc,
ngha ca cc ch s a dng c trnh by v gii thch trn c s khoa hc ca vic x
l nh lng a dng sinh hc.
2.3.2. Nghin cu v a dng sinh hc Vit Nam
Phan Nguyn Hng (2004) trong cun H sinh thi rng ngp mn vng ven bin
ng bng sng Hng trnh by mt s nghin cu v rng ngp mn vi cc lnh vc
a dng sinh hc, sinh thi hc, kinh t x hi, qun l, tuyn truyn gio dc vng ven
bin ng bng sng Hng.
L Vn Khi, Vin Ngc Nam v L c Tun (2006) vi cng trnh v khi phc
v pht trin bn vng h sinh thi rng ngp mn Cn Gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh 1978
2000 trnh by qu trnh khi phc v pht trin h sinh thi rng ngp mn Cn Gi
t 1978 2000. y l c s cho nghin cu v a dng sinh hc v bo tn a dng sinh
hc c thc hin.
Trong chng trnh iu tra c bn tng hp c nh hng hai huyn Nh B v
Cn Gi thnh ph H Ch Minh, Vin Ngc Nam v Nguyn Sn Thy (1993) iu tra
thnh phn loi, s phn b loi, cc qun x thc vt t nhin, din tch, cu trc, din th
rng Cn Gi. Kt qu iu tra cung cp thm nhng thng tin v rng ngp mn Cn
Gi v l c s quan trng cho vic iu tra a dng sinh hc sau ny.
Bi ging cao hc v a dng sinh hc v bo tn ngun gen lm nghip ca
Vin Ngc Nam (2005) c ngha tham kho rt ln trong ti v phng php nghin
cu nh lng a dng sinh hc. T nhng kin thc chung nht v a dng sinh hc, tc
gi gii thch c s khoa hc, a ra cng thc, ngha cc ch s a dng, hng dn
thc hin phn mm tnh ton PRIMER

11

Chng 3
C IM KHU VC, NI DUNG V
PHNG PHP NGHIN CU
3.1. c im khu vc nghin cu
3.1.1. iu kin t nhin
3.1.1.1. V tr a l

Ta a l
- V Bc: 100224 1003739
- Kinh ng: 10004612 10700059
Ranh gii
- Pha Bc gip vi huyn Nh B theo ranh gii sng Nh B
- Pha Nam gip Bin ng
- Pha Ty gip vi Long An v Tin Giang
- Pha ng v ng Bc gip vi ng Nai v B Ra Vng Tu
- Phm vi c gii hn bi cc on sng, rch, tc l sng Soi Rp sng Vm St
- rch n - tc An Ngha sng Lng Tu - tc Ri sng ng Tranh tc Nc
Hi sng Th Vi sng G Gia sng Ci Mp v bin ng.
3.1.1.2. Kh hu thy vn
- Kh hu
Rng ngp mn Cn Gi mang c tnh kh hu nng v chu chi phi ca quy
lut gi ma cn xch o vi 2 ma ma v kh r rt.
. Lng ma: thp nht thnh ph H Ch Minh, trung bnh t 1.300 1.400 mm/nm,
c xu hng gim dn t Bc xung Nam trong Cn Gi 1.157mm, Tam Thn Hip
1.504 mm, v mi Nh B 1.744 mm/nm.
S ngy ma khng qu 160 ngy/nm, ma ma thng bt u t 20 thng 4
n 31 thng 10 hng nm, tp trung vo thng 6 v thng 9. Ma thng xy ra vo
bui chiu, cn ma thng ko di khng qu 30 pht. So vi trc nm 1975, nhng
nm gn y lng ma Cn Gi c gim i (khong 1.336mm/nm).
- Thy vn
. Mng li sng rch

12

Cn Gi c mng li sng rch chng cht 7 10 km/km2, ngun nc t bin

a vo bi 2 ca sng chnh hnh phu l vnh Ging Tranh v vnh Gnh Ri. Ngun
nc t sng ra l ni hp lu ca sng Si Gn v sng ng Nai ra bin bng 2
tuyn chnh l sng Lng Tu v Soi Rp, ngoi ra cn c sng Th Vi, G Gia v
cc ph lu ca n. Sng Lng Tu l thy l chnh a cc tu c trng ti trn
20.000 tn vo cng Si Gn. Sng Rch chy theo hng ng Nam dng un ln
c nh hng n a hnh v thay i cnh quan cc sinh vt cnh. Hai sng Lng Tu
v sng Soi Rp l hai h thng sng chnh chi phi ton b ch thy vn ca hu
ht cc sng rch khc.
- Ch thy triu
Rng ngp mn Cn Gi nm trong vng c ch bn nht triu khng u
(hai ln nc ln, hai ln nc rng trong ngy), hai nh triu thng bng nhau
nhng hai chn triu li lch nhau rt xa.
Bin triu cng ngp mn t 4 4,2 m vo loi cao nht Vit Nam v c xu
hng gim dn t pha Nam ln Bc. Pha Nam gip bin ng, thi gian xut hin
bin triu ln nht t thng 8 n thng 1 vi bin 3,6 4,2 m, pha Bc t 2,8
3,3 m.
Cc thng c nh triu cc i l 10 v 11, thp nht l 4 v 5, vn tc cc i
ca triu dng v triu rt o c trm Nh B u thng 3/1992 l 56 cm/gy v 73
cm/gy.
3.1.2. Thc vt rng ngp mn Cn Gi
iu tra thc vt ca Vin Ngc Nam v ctv (1990) cng b 105 loi cy
thuc 48 h, thc vt y phong ph l nh s c mt ca mt s loi trn t lin.
Vin Ngc Nam v ctv (1993) cng b ti liu v thm thc vt v ti nguyn rng
huyn Nh B v Cn Gi. Trong b sung thc vt Cn Gi nh sau: Loi cy
ngp mn thc s c 35 loi thuc 17 h, loi cy chu mn c 29 loi thuc 20 h, loi
cy gia nhp v t cao c 53 loi thuc 33 h.
C 3 loi rng ngp mn Cn Gi c tn trong Sch Vit Nam (1996):
c i (Rhizophora apiculata Bl.), Quao nc (Dolichandrone spathacea (L.F.) (K.
Schum) v Cc (Lumnitzera littorea (Jack.) Voigt).
3.2. Ni dung nghin cu
- Xc nh v tr cc tiu chun trong tiu khu 1 trn bn v ngoi thc a phc
v cho vic thu thp s liu, qun l, theo di v cp nht d liu hng nm (iu tra
theo , b tr ngu nhin).

13

- Lp danh lc cc loi, h thc vt trong tiu khu 1 bao gm thnh phn, s lng,
hnh nh v a dng sinh hc ca tiu khu 1.
- Phn tch tnh a dng sinh hc thc vt ca tiu khu 1 nghin cu bng cch phn
tch ch s gi tr quan trng IVI v kiu phn b loi trong tiu khu 1; xc nh cc ch
s a dng sinh hc nh thnh phn loi (S), s lng c th (N), ch s phong ph loi
Margalef (d), ch s tng ng Pielou (J), ch s u th Simpson, ch s a dng sinh
hc Shannon Weiner (H)... ca tiu khu 1; phn tch s phn nhm ca loi, h,
qun x trong tiu khu 1.
- xut cc bin php bo tn.
3.3. Phng php nghin cu
3.3.1. C s la chn tiu khu nghin cu

- Nhng tiu khu ny c vai tr quan trng, l ni c tr ca mt s ng vt

qu him. Tiu khu 1 vi cc loi c, mm v sn chim (chim nc). (Trung tm
T vn dch v k thut Lm nghip, 1998).
- Cch ly vi cc khu dn c, kim sot tt nn tnh a dng sinh hc t b tc
ng bi iu kin ngoi cnh.
- Gp phn cung cp thng tin trn c s khoa hc lm cn c ra quyt nh
thnh lp v phn vng trong D n kh thi Khu Bo tn thin nhin rng ngp mn
Cn Gi trong tng lai.
3.3.2. Cng tc chun b
- Thu thp cc ti liu th cp gm cc loi bn , nh v tinh, nh my bay, ti
liu v s liu c lin quan
- Trn c s bn ranh gii cc tiu khu v nh v tinh ca Rng ngp mn
Cn Gi thu thp c, dng phn mm Envi 4.0 v MapInfo 6.0 thit k o m
trong tng tiu khu.
3.3.3. Ngoi nghip
- Tin hnh iu tra, kho st ngoi thc a
iu tra theo tuyn kt hp vi lp tiu chun in hnh. B tr tiu chun
dc theo h thng knh rch (rng t nhin) nhm iu tra c cc loi c mt trong
tiu khu.

14

 Lp tiu chun c kch thc 10 m x 10 m. S lng tiu chun mi tiu

khu l 30 , dng th s lng loi v tiu chun kim tra s lng tiu chun
cn thit m bo v mt thng k. Dng la bn v thc dy xc nh kch c v
hng tiu chun. nh du o m bng sn xt ln 4 cy 4 gc ca o m,
ni d nhn. o m, thng k s cy ca tng loi trong tng tiu chun v ghi vo
phiu o m.
- S dng my nh v GPS xc nh v tr cc iu tra, loi qu him, cy c nguy
c tuyt chng, cy trong sch ... khi i thc a.
- Dng my chp hnh k thut s chp nh cc qun x v nh tng loi cy lu tr
v bo co.
- Xc nh tn thc vt rng ngp mn ngoi hin trng qua sch "Nhn bit cy rng
ngp mn qua hnh nh" ca Vin Ngc Nam v Nguyn Sn Thy (1999) v kim tra
tn loi da theo b Cy c Vit Nam ca Phm Hong H (1993).
3.3.4. X l s liu
- nh v ton b h thng tiu chun vi v tr ta xc nh bng GPS v trnh
by kt qu ln bn thng qua phn mm MapSource 6.2, Envi 4.0 v MapInfo 6.0.
- Hnh chp cc loi cy c ghi tn v dng phn mm Photoshop 6.0 x l.
- Dng phn mm Excel 2003 tng hp nhng s liu iu tra ngoi thc a v phn
tch ch s gi tr quan trng IVI ca loi theo tng tiu khu. Phng php tnh ch s
IVI ca loi p dng theo nghin cu ca Somsak Piriyayotha v ctv, 2007. Cng thc
tnh nh sau:
+ Mt cho bit s lng c th trung bnh ca loi nghin cu trn mi
tiu chun, c tnh theo cng thc sau y:
Tng s c th ca loi xut hin tt c cc tiu chun nghin cu
Mt =
Tng s cc tiu chun nghin cu
Mt ca loi nghin cu
Mt tng i RD (%) =

x 100
Tng s mt ca tt c cc loi

+ Tn sut xut hin ca loi cho bit s lng cc tiu chun nghin cu m trong
c loi nghin cu xut hin, tnh theo gi tr phn trm.

15

S lng cc tiu chun c loi xut hin

Tn sut (%) =

x 100
Tng s cc tiu chun nghin cu
Tn sut xut hin ca mt loi nghin cu

Tn sut tng i (RF) (%) =

x 100
Tng s tn sut xut hin ca tt c cc loi

+ phong ph c tnh theo cng thc:

Tng s c th xut hin trn tt c cc tiu chun
phong ph (A) =
S lng cc tiu chun c loi nghin cu xut hin
phong ph ca mt loi nghin cu
phong ph tng i A (%) =

x 100
Tng phong ph ca tt c cc loi

+ Ch s gi tr quan trng IVI c p dng biu th cu trc, mi tng quan v

trt t u th gia cc loi trong qun x thc vt. Ch s IVI ca mi loi c tnh
bng cng thc:
IVI (%) = (RD + RF + A)/3
Trong : RD l mt tng i (%), RF l tn sut xut hin tng i (%),
A l phong ph tng i (%). Ch s IVI ca mt loi t gi tr ti a l 300 khi
hin trng nghin cu ch c duy nht loi cy .
- S dng phn mm thng k PRIMER-V (Clarke v Warwick, 1994) v Biodiversity
Pro 2.0 (Neil MacAleece, 1997) xc nh cc ch s a dng sinh hc, phn tch kiu
phn b loi, phn tch s phn nhm ca loi, h, qun x trong tng tiu khu. Cc ch
s a dng sinh hc c tnh ton theo cng thc sau:
+ Ch s phong ph loi Margalef c s dng xc nh tnh a dng hay phong
ph v loi. Cng thc nh sau:
Trong : d : ch s phong ph loi Margalef; S : tng s loi trong
mu; N: tng s lng c th trong mu.
+ Ch s tng ng (J) ca qun x c tnh bng cng thc Pielou:
Trong : H` l ch s Shannon Weiner; S l tng s loi; J bin
thin t 0 n 1 (J = 1 khi tt c cc loi c s lng c th bng
nhau).
16

+ Ch s Shannon-Weiner c s dng ph bin tnh s a dng loi

trong mt qun x theo dng:
Trong : s = S lng loi; p = n /N (T l c th ca loi i so vi
s lng c th ton b mu); N = Tng c th trong ton b mu;
n = S lng c th loi i.
i

+ Trn c s l thuyt xc sut, Simpson (1949) xng ch s tnh

tp trung (concentration) hay tnh u th (dominance) ca qun x.
Trong : p = T l loi i trn tng s cc c th (p = n /N);
S = Tng s loi; Ch s u th Simpson bin thin t 0 n (11/S).
i

Gi tr log trong cc cng thc tnh ch s a dng c thng nht s dng c

s e tnh ton. nh gi tnh a dng cn cn c tng hp vo cc ch s trn.
Trong , ch s a dng Shannon (H) c ngha quyt nh, nhng ch s cn li gp
phn b sung v l gii kt qu mang tnh thuyt phc v c tin cy cao. Th
hin tt c cc ch s ln cng th s gip d quan st, nh gi tnh a dng ca khu
vc hn.
- Trn c s nhng d liu c trn v ti liu thu thp c, phn tch v
tng hp nhng iu kin hin c xut bin php bo tn hp l.
3.4. Phng php nghin cu a dng sinh hc ng vt c v (th)
Th l loi ng vt c xng sng, c t chc c th cao nht trong gii ng
vt, th hin qua cc c im: con v nui con bng sa, thn nhit cao v n nh,
cc h c quan cu to hon chnh, h thn kinh pht trin, c bit no b c lp v
xm vi nhiu np nhn, kh nng to lp nhanh v phn x c iu kin.
3.4.1. Phng php nghin cu loi th
- Mc ch v ngha
iu tra thu nhm cung cp thng tin v:
. Thnh phn v tr lng qun th cc loi th.
. c im sinh hc, sinh thi v cc mi quan h gia cc loi th vi mi
trng.
Ni dung bao gm:
. iu tra thnh phn loi.

17

. iu tra s lng.
- Mt s c im hnh thi s dng trong nhn bit v nh loi th
Nhn bit loi qua:
Nhn bit v hnh thi nhm xc nh nhanh loi qua kch thc, mu sc c
th, dng iu, cch thc vn ng, ting ku v vi kinh nghim ca ngi lm
cng tc iu tra.
Phn bit c ci, nhm cung cp thng tin quan trng v cu trc qun th, xc
nh qua mu sc, con c mu sc sc s hn con ci, kch thc c th con c ln
hn con ci. nhng loi c sng c con c c sng, con ci khng c sng. S
khc nhau v c quan sinh dc, c quan sinh dc con c thng d thy hn con ci.
Con c thng c bm v hung hng hn con ci
c lng v tui, c hai cch tnh tui l tui sinh thi v tui th, tui sinh
thi c chia lm ba cp non, trng thnh v gi, tui th l s nm con vt sng k
t khi sinh ra. Xc nh tui ca loi thng c so snh gia trng lng v kch
thc c th lp ra thang tui c lng, hoc da trn mt s b phn c th nh
sng, nanh, thay i mu sc lng, ting ku
- Phng php iu tra thnh phn loi
Phng vn th sn a phng, l ngi c nhiu kin thc v ng vt hoang
d ti a phng, nhm cung cp thng tin ban u cho vic iu tra.
Kho st thc a, cung cp thng tin c tin cy cao, ty thuc vo loi cn
nghin cu m vic thc hin khc nhau ngoi thc a, c th nh sau:
. iu tra theo tuyn, u im ca phng php ny l i qua nhiu dng sinh
cnh khc nhau, c th li dng ng mn c trong rng.
. Kho st ven sng, i vi thu thng kim n ven sng, sui nh cc loi
lng c, th mng guc.
. Kho st trong m bng n pin, iu tra th n m, li dng phn x nh
mt ca th vi n pin.
. iu tra theo ting ku, c th xc nh d dng mt s loi th t xa.
. iu tra theo du vt, xc nh d dng du vt ca th li trn mt t, cy
c nh du chn, phn, du n c, l cy, du co xc v cy

18

Ghi chp s liu iu tra, ghi chp y v loi nghin cu, chp hnh, quay
phim, thch cao du chn hoc v m t chi tit loi.
Phn tch mu vt, rt quan trong, c thc hin ti cc trung tm hay vin bo
tng lu gi mu vt quc gia hoc gia nh cc th sn.
Lp danh mc th rng cho khu vc nghin cu, da trn s liu thu thp c
t thc a, th sn tin hnh phn tch v xy dng danh mc theo loi, b, lp.
- Phng php iu tra s lng loi
S lng loi l tr lng, mt qun th th rng, lm c s cho mi phng
n qun l ngun ti nguyn th rng. Ty thuc vo mi loi th rng nghin cu m
c cc phng php khc nhau, c th nh sau:
. Phng php phn tch s lng ting ku, phng php ny thng s dng
i vi cc loi th linh trng vo lc sng sm hay chiu ti.
. Phng php tnh s lng theo du chn, phng php ny thng c p
dng cho nhng loi th c trng lng c th ln, mi trng sng trn mt t nh
th mng guc.
. Phng php tnh s lng da trn lng phn thi ra, phng php ny cng
c p dng cho nhng loi th mng guc, tuy nhin hiu qu i vi th c trng
lng c th nh nh th rng, chn (cy), cu li
Phng php m n, c p dng cho thu linh trng, th mng guc.
. Phng php tnh s lng theo tuyn thng gc, v nguyn tc khi thc hin
ngi iu tra phi xc nh chnh xc c ly t tuyn n con vt hoc t ngi quan
st n con vt v gc lch vi tuyn iu tra.
. Phng php tnh s lng theo by, p dng cho th nh, kh quan st, hot
ng ban m, phng php ny cung cp nhiu thng tin nh ma sinh sn, tui, t l
c ci, v c th nh du gip cho vic tnh mt th bt li.
3.4.2. Phng php gim st qun th th ln
L phng php gim st cc loi th c trng lng c th trn 5kg, thng l
nhng loi c bit c ch trong cc khu bo tn
- Chn loi th ln gim st v: nhiu ngi bit n, i tng ca th sn, s c
mt ca th ln hay khng c mt s nh hng n sinh cnh ca khu vc, cc loi

19

th ln cn khu vc sng rng ln v vy bo tn c th ln s bo tn c nhng

loi th khc.
- Phn loi v chn sinh cnh chnh gim st, loi th ln ph thuc rt nhiu vo
sinh cnh nh: rng ni t, rng ni vi, trng c cy bi, ng c, ng rung bn
lng, thy vc, rng ngp mn.
- Lp tuyn iu tra, da trn phn chia chia cc dng sinh cnh chnh, cn c vo cc
hot ng ca loi gim st xc nh v tr v a im lp tuyn.
- Phng php iu tra gim st qun th th ln, c hai phng php l kim k s
loi v xc nh xu hng bin i ca qun th.
. Kim k s loi, l cng vic cn thc hin xc nh r loi cn nghin cu
hin c hay khng trong khu bo tn, thc hin theo phng php sau: tng hp cc ti
liu hin c, phng vn dn a phng, quan st cc khu vc thng xut hin.
. Xc nh xu hng bin i qun th, c th hin trn nhiu kha cnh, quan
trng nht l s lng c th hay cn gi l ch s ca qun th . C th xc nh ch
s qun th bng ba cch: quan st ti mt im, theo ng i b, theo s bi phn.
3.4.3. Phng php gim st qun th th nh
Th nh rt nhy cm vi bin i ca mi trng, v vy mc phong ph v
loi v s lng c th ca loi cung cp cho chng ta v bin i ca mi trng, mt
khc th nh cn l ngun thc n ca th ln, mc no n l vt ch th cho
tnh trng ca th ln. Gim st qun th th nh bng phng php sau: By kim k
s loi, gim st xu hng qun th, Kim tra v x l con vt sa by, tng hp kt qu
thu c.
3.5. Phng php nghin cu a dng sinh hc chim
3.5.1. Cc c im nhn bit v xc nh tn chim
- Nhn bit loi qua hnh thi bn ngoi c th nh:
. Hnh dng: kch thc c th c ln l cc loi chim n tht, kch thc c th
chim trung bnh l rt ph bin, nhiu nht l chim c kch thc c th c nh 9kich1
thc t vi trm gram n vi gram). Mu sc lng chim, mu sc rt phong ph v
a dng. c im hnh thi, nh chiu di c, m, chn, cnh v ui.
. Tp tnh, l v cch bay lng, bt mi, t v, khng gian hot ng, thi gian
xut hin, vng phn b nh c.

20

. Ting ht, c s dng khi kh nhn bit ngoi t nhin qua hnh thi ca
mt loi chim no .
. Bng phng tin b sung, nh cc sch phn loi chim c hnh chp hoc v
mu, hoc s dng cc thit b m thanh c ghi ting chim cn nghin cu.
. Phn loi hc, da trn cc c im nh chiu di thn, cch, m, ui. M t
c im v mu sc lng, mt s b phn c th khc.
. Nhn bit con c v con ci, phn ln da vo mu sc lng, kch thc c
th, ting ht
. Xc nh tui, tui chim c chia lm cc cp: Chim non trong t, chim non
ri t, chim non, chim non sp trng thnh, chim trng thnh. Phng php xc nh
da vo mu lng, ting ku.
- Phng php iu tra thnh phn loi, mc nh nhm nm c ngun ti
nguyn a dng chim trong khu bo tn qua vic xy dng bn danh mc y .
Phng php thc hin gm, tp hp thng tin c, quan st trc tip trn thc a,
phng vn dn v th sn a phng, s dng cc ngun mu vt t dn v th sn v
nh bt bng by v t t liu vt mu ca cc bo tng.
- Phng php tnh s lng chim rng, phng php tnh s lng chim ph thuc
vo c im sinh hc, sinh thi v tp tnh cng nh c im vng c tr ca chng.
C nhiu phng php tnh s lng chim khc nhau, ty thuc vo cc phng php
khc nhau cho kt qu c chnh xc khc nhau.
. Phng php tnh s lng tng i, phng php ny cho kt qu l ch s
phong ph (tn s gp so vi s ln quan st) ca chim trong vng nghin cu.
. Phng php tnh s lng tuyt i, phng php ny c kt qu cho php
nh gi c s lng cc th ca loi trong vng nghin cu mt cch kh chnh
xc, c th hin bng s i hay s c th trn mt n v din tch (ha, km 2 ), c th
thc hin bng tiu chun, tnh theo tuyn ng, tnh theo im, tnh theo li m,
m trc tip theo n.
3.5.2. Phng php gim st chim
- Mc ch, bo tn nhm phc v li ch ca con ngi trong c c gi tr tinh
thn, Bo tn mt loi c khu vc sng rng ln th s bo tn c nhng loi trong
khu vc chung sng , nhiu loi chim l mc tiu chnh ca mt khu bo tn.
- Ni dung v k hoch gim st

21

. Ni dung: xc nh cc sinh cnh loi hoc nhm loi gim st, gim st cc
xu hng bin i ca qun th chim (s lng c th), xc nh cc mi da n
loi , xut cc gii php qun l nhm gim thiu cc mi e a vi qun th.
. K hoch, iu tra chim phi tin hnh trn ton b khu bo tn, cc ma
khc nhau trong nm, chu k lp li c th khc nhau ty thuc vo phng php v
ngun nhn lc, khng nn xy dng k hoch gim st qu ln cho nhiu loi chim
khc nhau m ch nn xy dng cho mt s t, thm ch ch mt loi chim v sinh cnh
chnh lin quan.
- Tng hp v phn tch s liu, s dng cc phn mm chuyn dng.
- Xy dng bn phn b chim, da trn kt qu iu tra a dng sinh hc chim ti
khu vc nghin cu, xy dng cho nhng loi quan trng c ngha, c bit ch trng
nhng loi c hu, loi ghi trong sch Vit Nam v th gii.

22

Chng 4
KT QU V THO LUN
4.1. V tr cc o m

Hnh 4.1 th hin v tr cc tiu chun tiu khu 1

nh c t ngun Sau , s dng my nh v GPS v phn mm MapSource xc
nh ta cc tiu chun ngoi thc a v th hin trn bn .
4.2. nh lng a dng sinh hc thc vt ti tiu khu 1
4.2.1. Phn tch a dng thc vt loi ti tiu khu 1

S
loi

Biu 4.1: th tng quan gia s lng loi v tiu chun trong tiu khu 1
Gia s loi v tiu chun c mi tng quan vi nhau. S tiu chun cng
tng th s loi cng tng, nhng n mt gii hn nht nh th s loi khng thay i.
xc nh c y s loi th rt tn km, mt nhiu thi gian v cng sc v vy
phng php b tr tiu chun ng vai tr quan trng c bit.
Khi s tiu chun t th khng i din cho khu vc nghin cu nn s loi
iu tra c trong cc tiu chun khng bao gm tt c s loi ca khu vc. th
cho thy, s loi tng nhanh trong khong 1 n 10 tiu chun, nhng sau tng
S
khng ng k (t 10 n 20 ) v cui cng gn nh khng thay i. Kt qu ny cho
Tiu chun
php kim tra dung lng mu iu tra m bo v mt thng k.
Nu hng ca th cn tip tc tng th cn iu tra thm tiu chun trong
khu vc. Kt qu cho thy, dung lng mu iu tra trong tiu khu 1 tha mn yu
cu v mt thng k. Mt s loi mi gia nhp hoc do iu kin mi thch hp hnh thnh,

23

pht trin nhng vn cn t. V vy trong mt s tiu chun xut hin nhng khng ng
k (biu 4.2).

Bng 4.1: Ch s gi tr quan trng IVI ca loi trong tiu khu 1

STTTn Vit NamTn khoa hcNRD%RF%A%IVIR1Bn iSonneratia ovata
Backer100.323.011.021.45122Bn trng, bn ngSonneratia alba J. Smith270.854.221.962.35103Cc trng, Cc
vngLumnitzera racemosa Willd1785.6110.845.047.1654Ch l binPhoenix paludosa Roxb160.503.011.631.71115D
qunhCeriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou96830.5314.4620.5421.8416Da nc, Da lNypa fruticans
Wurmb.10.030.600.510.38177ng, ng bpRhizophora mucronata Lamk10.030.600.510.38178c iRhizophora
apiculata Blume53416.840.6010.469.3039GiExcoecaria agallocha L.1404.427.835.495.91710Mm binAvicennia
marina (Forssk.) Vierh60.190.603.061.281611Mm enAvicennia officinalis L.3109.7813.257.1810.07412Mm
trngAvicennia alba Blume1755.527.237.436.73613 r (hoa tm)Acanthus ilicifolius
L.58918.5712.6514.2915.17214Rng iAcrostichum aureum L.1274.017.834.985.60815S Aegiceras floridum
Roem. & Schult351.101.208.913.741316Vt tchBruguiera parviflora (Roxb.) W. & Arn. ex.
Griff10.030.600.510.381717Vt trBruguiera cylindrica (L.) Blume50.161.201.270.881418Xu iXylocarpus granatum
Koenig300.954.821.912.56919Xu sungXylocarpus moluccensis (Lam.) M. Roem100.323.011.021.451220TraHibiscus
tiliaceae L.40.131.201.020.781521c. spRhizophora
sp.50.161.201.270.8814Tng3172100.03100.00100.00100.00Ghi ch: N: S lng c th (cy);
RD: Mt tng i (%); RF: Tn sut tng i (%); A: phong ph tng i
(%); IVI: Ch s gi tr quan trng ca loi (%); R: Xp hng loi quan trng.

Bng 4.1 cho thy tiu khu 1 c tng s 21 loi. Nhng loi ch yu hin din
trong khu vc xp theo th t l, D qunh, r (hoa tm), c i, Mm en.
Mt trung bnh ca cc loi trong tiu khu 1 l 105,7 cy/30 . Loi c mt
cao nht l D qunh chim 30,53%, tip theo l r (hoa tm) 18,57% ,c i
16,84%, Mm en 9,78%, Cc trng, Cc vng 5,61%, Mm trng 5,52%; nhng loi
cn li c mt thp. c bit c cc loi cng mt nh Vt tr, c (sp) 0,16%;
Bn i, Xu sung 0,32% v Da nc, ng bp 0,03% , iu ny cho thy rng cc
loi c mt thp thng c mt tng i RD(%) gn ging nhau.
Trong khi , tn sut xut hin tng i ca loi D qunh l cao nht
14,46%, Mm en 13,25 %, r (hoa tm) 12,65 %, Cc trng (Cc vng) 10,84%,
Mm trng 7,23%, Gi 7,83%, Xu i 4,82. Trong khi c i ch c tn sut xut
hin l 0,6%, iu ny cho thy loi c mt tng i cao, nhng tn sut tng i
khng cao l do phn b ngu nhin. Mt s loi cn li c tn sut xut hin rt thp
nh Da nc, ng bp, Vt tch 0,6%.
V phong ph tng i, cc loi c phong ph tng i cao l D
qunh 20,54%, r (hoa tm) 14,29%, c i 10,46%, Mm en 7,18%, Cc trng
(Cc vng) 7,16%, Mm trng 7,46%, Rng i 4,98%. Bn cnh mt s loi cn
li c phong ph rt thp, thp nht l c (sp) 1,27%, Tra 1,02%, Vt tch
0,51%. iu ny ni ln cc loi c phong ph tht, s d c kt qu nh vy l v
khng hn loi c s lng c th nhiu (mt cao) th s xut hin trong hu ht cc
nghin cu. Loi c s lng c th nhiu nhng c th tp trung trong mt nht
nh, v vy loi c th c mt cao nhng tn s xut hin thp v ngc li.
24

phong ph tng i ca loi l t s gia tng s c th trong tiu khu v s xut

hin loi . Loi no xut hin cng nhiu trong cc tiu chun nghin cu th
phong ph tng i ca loi cng thp v ngc li.
Ch s IVI nh gi mc quan trng ca loi trn c s xem xt tng hp cc
ch s nh mt tng i, tn sut xut hin tng i v phong ph tng i
ca loi. Kt lun loi quan trng ca khu vc theo ch s IVI khng ch l nhng loi
c mt cao, tn s xut hin nhiu m c th l nhng loi him, t xut hin (c
phong ph tng i cao). Kt qu bng 4.1 th hin r iu . Loi c ch s gi tr
quan trng cao nht xp theo th t l D qunh 21,84%, r (hoa tm) 15,17%, c
i 9,30%, Mm en 10,07%, Cc trng (Cc vng) 7,16%, hai loi Mm trng 6,73%
xp v tr 6 v Gi 5,91% xp v tr 7 mc d c mt tng i v tn sut xut hin
tng i thp. Phn ln nhng loi nh c mt v tn sut xut hin tng i thp
th xp v tr quan trng cng thp theo nh Bn i, Da nc, ng bp, Mm bin,
X , Vt tch, Tra, c (sp) c xp v tr t 12 n 17.
V kiu phn b ca cc loi trong tiu khu 1 cho thy, trong 21 loi th c 3
loi phn b ngu nhin l ng bp, c i, vt tr vi xc sut 0,46%. Nhng
loi cn li phn b theo m. Kiu phn b ny kh ph bin rng ngp mn v cc
loi y phn theo mn, ngp triu, a hnh, d cht ca t Mi loi
thch nghi vi iu kin nht nh v ti iu kin thch hp chng s pht trin thnh
tng m (Bng 4.2).
Bng 4.2: Phn b loi trong tiu khu 1
PB1B

Tn Vit Nam

Tn khoa hc

Va

n
iSon
nerati
a
ovata
Backe
r0.980

.3386
29
m2B
n
trng,
bn
ngS
onner
atia
alba J.
Smith

3.470.
9111.
8829
m3
Cc
trng,

25

TB

Cc
vngL
umnitz
era
racem
osa
Willd8

6.475.
93422
.6729
m4
Ch l
binP
hoenix
paludo
sa
Roxb1

.910.5
31042
9m
5D
qunh
Ceriop
s
decan
dra
(Griff.
) Ding
Hou78

8.683
2.267
08.83
29
m6D
a
nc,
Da
lNyp
a
frutica
ns
Wurm
b.0.03

0.032
9Stt
Tn
Vit
NamH
khoa
hcK
hiuS

loiS
c
th12
9m
7ng

Bn

Sonneratiaceae

Son

, ng
bpRh

26

37

izopho
ra
mucro
nata
Lamk

0.030.
03292
90.46
Ngu
nhin
8c
iRhi
zophor
a
apicul
ata
Blume

374.0
917.8
609.4
8290.
46Ng
u
nhin
9GiE
xcoeca
ria
agallo
cha
L.182.

984.6
61137
.1429
m1
0Mm
binA
vicenn
ia
marin
a
(Forss
k.)
Vierh1

.20.21
7429
m1
1Mm
enAv
icenni
a
officin
alis
L.143.

8810.
33403
.8029
m1
2Mm
trng

27

Avicen
nia
alba
Blume

197.3
15.83
980.9
429
m13
r
(hoa
tm)Ac
anthus
ilicifol
ius
L.876.

9919.
63129
5.392
9m
14Rn
g
iAcr
ostich
um
aureu
m
L.100.

044.2
3685.
3629
m1
5S
Aeg
iceras
floridu
m
Roem.
&
Schult

25.93
1.166
44.71
29
m16V
t
tchBr
uguier
a
parvifl
ora
(Roxb.
) W. &
Arn.
ex.
Griff0.

030.0
32929
m1

28

7Vt
trBr
uguier
a
cylindr
ica
(L.)
Blume
0.410.
16732
90.46
Ngu
nhin
18Xu
iXylo
carpus
granat
um
Koeni
g5.441

15829
m1
9Xu
sungX
ylocar
pus
moluc
censis
(Lam.)
M.
Roem

0.640.
33562
9m
20Tra
Hibisc
us
tiliace
ae
L.0.32

0.137
129
m21
c.
spRhiz
ophor
a
sp.0.5

50.16
9729
m

Ghi
ch:
KH:
K
hiu
tn
29

loi;
Va:
Ph
ng
sai;
TB:
Tru
ng
bnh
; df:

t
do;
P:
Mc
xc
sut
;
PB:
Dn
g
ph
n
b.d
fP
K
t
qu
ph
n
nh
m
cc
loi
tron
g
tiu
khu
1
cho
thy
,
30

mc
tn
g
n
g 10
%
c 5
nh
m
loi
khc
nha
u l:
Nh
m 1
ch
c 1
loi
l
qua
o
n
c;
nh
m 2
gm
3
loi
l
m
m
trn
g,
mi
dm
,
r
(hoa
trn
g);
nh
m 3
31

gm
5
loi
l s
,
bn
trn
g,
bn
chua
,
n
g, s
(con
g);
nh
m 4
gm
xu
i,
xu
sung
,
rng
i,
d
qu
nh,
ch
l
bin,
gi,
m
m
en,
r
(hoa
tm),
da
n
c,

32

c
i;
nh
m 5
gm
2
loi
l
cc
trn
g v
vt
tr.
N
hn
g
loi
tron
g
cng
nh
m
gin
g
nha
u v

pho
ng
ph.
Nh
ng
loi
c
kho
ng
cch
cng
xa
nha
u
33

tron
g
th
th
cng
khc
nha
u v
mc

pho
ng
ph.
Loi
c

pho
ng
ph
thp
tron
g
khu
vc
nghi
n
cu
l
nh
ng
loi
tch
bit
ho
n
ton
vi
nh
ng
loi
khc
tron
34

g
th.
Nh
vy,
tron
g
tiu
khu
1
nh
ng
loi
c
mc

pho
ng
ph
thp
, t
xut
hin
l
Vt
tch,
n
g
bp,
M
m
bin,
Da
n
c,

c.sp.
Nh
ng
loi
kh
pho
ng
35

ph
nh
Xu
,
Xu
sung
,
Ch
l
bin,
Bn
i,
Vt
tr,
Bn
trn
g,
M
m
trn
g,
Rn
g
i,
Xu
i,
Gi,
Cc
trn
g,
D
qu
nh,

c
i,
M
m
en,
r
(hoa
tm),
36

Tra.
C

mt
loi
tron
g
tiu
khu
1 c
tron
g
Sch

Vit
Nam
l

c
i,
cn

c
bo
v.
B
iu

4.2:
S

nh
nh
cc
loi
tron
g
tiu
khu
37

1
cc
mc
tn
g
n
g

Loi

Mc
TngB
iu
ng

4.3:
Kt
nh
m
ca
loi

mc
20%
v
40%
4.2.2
.
Ph
n
tch
a
dn
g h
thc
vt
tron
g
tiu
khu
1

38

Bn
g
4.3:
S
ln
g
loi
ca
mi
h
tron
g
tiu
khu
1
Stt
2

Combretaceae

Com

178

Arecaceae (Palmae)

Are

17

Rhizophoraceae

Rhi

1.514

Euphorbiaceae

Eup

140

Avicenniaceae

Avi

491

Acanthaceae

Aca

589

Pteridaceae

Pte

127

Myrsinaceae

Myr

35

Meliaceae

Mel

40

Malvaceae

Mal

21

3.172

Bng

3
Cau

4
c

5
Ba mnh v

6
Mm

7
r

8
Rng

9
n nem

10
Xoan

11
Tra
Tng

11

Kt qu phn tch bng 4.3 cho thy, tiu khu 1 c 11 h vi 21 loi v 3.172 c th.
H c nhiu loi nht l h c (6 loi). Cc h cn li c s loi rt t (ch 1 3 loi) trong
c 6 h ch c 1 loi. H c s lng c th nhiu nht l h c (1.514 c th), tip theo
l h r (589 c th), h Mm (491 c th), h Bng (178 c th), h Ba mnh v (140 c

39

th), h Rng (127 c th). Nhng h cn li c s lng c th u di 100 c th, trong

h n nem c 35 c th, h Tra ch c 4 c th. Qua ta thy, h c s loi nhiu th s
lng c th trong h cng nhiu. iu ny nh hng n tnh a dng ca cc h thc vt
v vy khi xem xt a dng h thc vt trong tiu khu cn quan tm n c 2 yu t ny.

4.2.3 Phn tch a dng qun x thc vt trong tiu khu 1

Bng 4.4: Kt qu x l 30 tiu chun cc hin trng rng
Mu
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
Trung bnh

N
9
10
10
5
4
9
9
4
6
5
5
7
5
6
5
4
6
6
5
8
2
10
5
7
4
12
7
6
4
6
6

103
147
124
95
179
159
120
179
174
192
131
116
70
90
55
67
47
49
43
76
67
152
99
73
41
149
61
87
86
141
106

1.73
1.80
1.87
0.88
0.58
1.58
1.67
0.58
0.97
0.76
0.82
1.26
0.94
1.11
1.00
0.71
1.30
1.29
1.06
1.62
0.24
1.79
0.87
1.40
0.81
2.20
1.46
1.12
0.67
1.01
1.17

0.55
0.54
0.71
0.52
0.77
0.51
0.64
0.93
0.78
0.86
0.67
0.71
0.68
0.65
0.85
0.64
0.75
0.80
0.71
0.73
0.19
0.77
0.73
0.81
0.68
0.77
0.90
0.85
0.73
0.61
0.7

H'(loge) 1-Lambda'
1.21
1.24
1.64
0.84
1.06
1.12
1.42
1.29
1.40
1.38
1.09
1.39
1.10
1.17
1.36
0.88
1.35
1.43
1.14
1.51
0.13
1.77
1.18
1.58
0.95
1.92
1.76
1.53
1.01
1.09
1.26

0.54
0.63
0.75
0.40
0.60
0.59
0.68
0.71
0.68
0.74
0.56
0.69
0.55
0.61
0.71
0.54
0.69
0.73
0.63
0.72
0.06
0.75
0.58
0.75
0.52
0.79
0.82
0.76
0.57
0.54
0.63

Ghi ch: S: S loi; N: S c th; d: a dng loi; J: ng u; H(loge):

Ch s a dng shannon-Wiener; 1-Lambda: Ch s a dng sinh hc Simpson

40

Kt qu phn tch cho thy s lng loi (S) bin ng trn cc o m t 2

n 12 loi, trung bnh l 6 loi trung mt o m. y l c th ca rng ngp
mn, s lng loi phn b trn mt n v din tch nht nh lun nh hn s lng
loi phn b trong rng trn t lin.
S lng c th (N) trong mt tiu chun bin ng t 41c th n 192 c
th, trung bnh l 106 c th trong mt o m, s lng c th trong cc o m
bin ng rt ln so vi gi tr trung bnh. iu ny cho thy s lng c th bin ng
nhiu trong qun x thc vt ti y.
Trong cc o m cho thy ch s a dng loi (d) bin ng t 0.24 n 2.2,
trung bnh l 1.17. C 12 ch s a dng sinh hc ti 12 tiu chun ln hn ch s a
dng sinh hc trung bnh, chim 40% trong tng s tiu chun. iu ny cho thy ch
s a dng sinh hc thc vt cc qun x t nhin ti y cn thp.
ng u (J) bin ng t 0.51 n 0.93, trung bnh l 0.7, c 18 vi
ng u t 0.7 n 0.93, chim 60% tng s o m. iu ny cho thy s lng
loi trong cc tng ng nhau, khng c loi u th.
Ch s a dng Simpson bin ng t 0.06 n 0.82, trung bnh l 0.63. Cc
c ch s a dng Simpson ln hn ch s a dng trung bnh l 17 , chim 56,7%
tng s iu tra, qua cho thy s lng cc qun x c ch s a dng Simpson
cao hn ch s a dng Simpson trung bnh mc trung bnh. Nh vy mc a
dng sinh hc ca cc qun x c chiu hng pht trin nhng mc thp.

Ch s a dng Shannon Wiener bin ng t 0.13 n 1.95, trung bnh

l 1.26. Nhng c ch s a dng trn ch s a dng trung bnh l 15 , chim
50% tng s o m. Qua s liu trn cho thy ch s a dng Shannon
Wiener rng ngp mn khng cao hn so vi rng trn t cao, ch s trung
bnh ny thng cao nht l 6.0, qua o m thc t ti y ch c 1.26. Do
tnh a dng loi trong qun x thc vt ti y thp.
Biu 4.4: Bray curtis trong qun x tng ng mc 40%

Mc
tng ng
Biu 4.5: Qun x thc vt chnh mc tng ng 40%
Qua cc s liu trn cho thy cc qun x thc vt t nhin ti rng ngp mn
Cn Gi mc tng ng 40% c gp thnh 03 nhm qun x chnh bao gm:
- Nhm qun x th nht c 02 tiu chun: 21 v 25;
- Nhm qun x th hai c 05 tiu chun: 05, 28, 30, 29 v 16;
- Nhm qun x th ba bao gm 23 tiu chun cn li.
mc tng ng ny cha xut hin cc tiu chun ring l m thng theo
nhm. ng di gc bo tn, cn quan tm n nhm qun x c 02 tiu
chun l cc 21, 25 cn c u tin bo tn, pht trin c s lng,
41
Mu

din tch ln nhm m bo cho vic pht trin a dng sinh hc ti rng
ngp mn Cn Gi.
mc tng ng 60%, xut hin 11 nhm qun x thc vt
chnh, trong c 01 nhm qun x c 01 tiu chun, 04 nhm qun x c 02
tiu chun, 03 nhm qun x c 03 tiu chun, 01 nhm qun x c 09 tiu
chun l nhm qun x c s tiu chun cao nht. Xt cp ny, trong s
30 tiu chun nghin cu ch xc nh c 11 qun x chnh, c 05 qun x
cn c quan tm bo tn, trong c 01 qun x c 01 tiu chun, 04 qun
x c 02 tiu chun.
Qua 2 biu cho thy 21 c s khc bit rt ln v khong cch
gia cc nhm qun x, xt mc tng ng 20% th 21 to nhm
qun x u tin ch c mt nhm qun x duy nht, t hai yu t trn cho thy
y l qun x him, cn c bin php bo tn v pht trin qun x ny.
Biu 4.6: Bray Curtis cc qun x tng ng mc 60%
Mc
Tng ng
Mu
Biu 4.7: Cc qun x thc vt chnh mc tng ng 60%
Xt mc tng ng 80% (hai biu ), bt u c s phn nhm qun
x rt ln trong 30 tiu chun nghin cu, c 27 nhm qun x, trong c 24 nhm
qun x c 01 tiu chun v 03 nhm qun x c 02 tiu chun, mc tng ng
ny nhm qun x c s lng ln vi 02 tiu chun.
Theo biu Bray Curtis mc tng ng 80% th c 24 nhm qun x c
01 tiu chun. Cn c quan tm bo tn, c bit ch trng cc tiu chun 21,
25, 04 v y l cc nhm qun x c khong cch xa i vi cc nhm qun x
khc.
Biu 4.8: Bray Curtis cc qun x tng ng mc 80%
Mc
tng ng
Biu 4.9: Cc qun x thc vt chnh mc tng ng 80%

42
Mu

2D Stress: 0.16

Similarity
80

21
02
11

04

07
03

25

22
05

26

18

01
06
13

1223 14
2024

28

15

10
30

09
29

17

16

08
27
19

Qua xem xt, cc mc tng ng 20%, 60% v 80% cho thy cc mc tng
ng cng cao th vic phn nhm cng chi tit, s lng tiu chun trong nhm
gim. c bit l nhm qun x 01 tiu chun mc tng ng 40% v 60% l
tiu chun 21 c khc vi cc qun x khc nn cn c quan tm bo tn, do
vic bo tn a dng sinh hc cn ty thuc vo mc tng ng khc nhau v iu
kin tng ni m c bin php bo tn c th cho ph hp.

43

Chng 5
KT LUN V KIN NGH
5.1. Kt lun
Vic nh gi a dng sinh hc thc vt thn g ca mt h sinh thi rng, c
th l h sinh thi rng ngp mn cn phi c xem xt trn nhiu ch s a dng sinh
hc khc nhau. ng thi phi xem xt mt cch tng qut, kt hp cc ch s a dng
sinh hc li vi nhau mt cch h thng nhm c kt lun chnh xc trong nh gi a
dng sinh hc thc vt thn g.
Qua iu tra o m 30 tiu chun ti tiu khu 1 rng ngp mn Cn Gi bng
phng php nh lng, trong khung kh mt tiu khu xc nh c 21 loi vi
11 h cng cc qun x thc vt thn g vi cc mc tng ng khc nhau. Bng
cc ch s nh gi cc ch tiu a dng sinh hc thc vt nh phong ph, tn sut
xut hin, ch s gi tr quan trng, xp hng loi quan trng, dng phn b trong t nhin
xc nh c thc trng ca rng ngp mn Cn Gi, ng thi xc nh c loi,
h, qun x cn c quan tm bo tn. C th l h r, c v Mm c s lng c th
nhiu nht trong khu vc nghin cu. Trong hu ht cc loi thc vt ti y phn b theo
m, c bit c ba loi phn b ngu nhin l ng bp, c i, Vt tr. Qua iu tra o
m tiu khu 1, xc nh loi c i thuc sch Vit Nam cn c quan tm bo tn.
ng thi qua biu Bray Curtis v loi cc mc tng ng 20% v 40% hoc cao hn
na cho thy c 03 loi c quan h rt xa vi cc loi cn li, do vy cng cn quan tm bo
tn, l Vt tch, ng bp, Mm bin. T kt qu ban u ca vic nghin cu a dng
sinh hc thc vt thn g bng phng php nh lng ti tiu khu 1, s lm c s cho
nghin cu cc tiu khu cn li thuc rng ngp mn Cn Gi

5.2. Kin ngh

Do thi gian v kinh ph cho vic thc hin nghin cu a dng sinh hc thc vt thn
g bng phng php nh lng ti rng phng h Cn Gi hn ch, vic nghin cu ch
thc hin trong khung kh mt tiu khu (tiu khu 1). Do s liu thu thp, x l c trong
qu trnh thc hin v nhng kt lun cha thc s phn nh chnh xc thc trng a dng sinh
hc thc vt thn g ti y. ngh c cc nghin cu tip theo thc hin trn ton b lm
phn rng ngp mn Cn Gi nhm c kt lun chnh xc v hin trng a dng sinh hc thc
vt thn g ti y.
Trong nghin cu a dng sinh hc thc vt thn g ti rng ngp mn Cn Gi ca
ti ny ch ng li mc nghin cu a dng v loi, h, qun x, ti cha nghin cu
a dng sinh hc thc vt thn g mc di truyn gen. ngh c cc nghin cu tip
theo, nhm nh gi mc a dng v gen ca thc vt thn g ti y.

44

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Phm Nht (Ch bin), V Vn Dng, Trn Ngc Hi, Quang Huy,
Nguyn C, L Nguyn Ngt, Nguyn Hu Dc, Nguyn Th Nh, 2003.
S tay iu tra gim st a dng sinh hc cc Khu Bo tnVit Nam
(Phn t lin). D n tng cng nng lc qun l h thng Khu Bo tn
thin nhin ti Vit Nam.
2. Vin Ngc Nam, 2005. Bo tn a dng sinh hc v bo tn ngun gen
Lm nghip. Bi ging cao hc Lm nghip kha 2008, i hc Nng Lm
thnh ph H Ch Minh.
3. Vin Ngc Nam, 2009. a dng sinh hc. Bi c thm cao hc Lm
nghip kha 2008, i hc Nng Lm thnh ph H Ch Minh.
4. Vin Ngc Nam, 2009. Thc hnh mn a dng sinh hc. Bi ging cao
hc Lm nghip kha 2008, i hc Nng Lm thnh ph H Ch Minh.
5. L Quc Huy, 2005. Phng php nghin cu phn tch nh lng cc
ch s a dng sinh hc thc vt. Trung tm Nghin cu Sinh thi v Mi
trng rng Vin Khoa hc Lm nghip Vit Nam. Nh xut bn chnh tr
quc gia H Ni.
6. Hunh c Hong, Vin Ngc Nam, 2005. a dng sinh hc cc qun x
thc vt trong khu d tr sinh quyn Cn Gi, thnh ph H Ch Minh.
Bo co ti Hi tho quc gia v Vai tr ca h sinh thi rng ngp mn
v rn san h trong vic gim nh tc ng ca i dng n mi
trng H Ni 8 10/10/2005, Trung Tm Nghin cu Ti nguyn v
Mi trng, i hc Quc gia H Ni, IUCN, SEF, MERD.
7. Phm khi Nguyn, 2005. a dng sinh hc. Bo co din bin mi
trng Vit Nam nm 2005

45