XIN CHO MNG C GIO V CC BN

Tiu Lun Nhm CN Cyclar

Bi tiu lun gm 3 phn chnh:

Phn 1:Tng quan

Phn 2:Cng ngh Cyclar Phn 3:So snh cc cng ngh

Phn 1.Tng quan

I. Gii thiu ca nguyn liu LPG
1. Ngun gc:

Ly t phn on C3, C4 trong nh my lc du .

Ly t phn lng ca kh thin nhin.

Nhin liu cng nghip

Nhin liu trong nng nghip

ng dng Nguyn liu tng hp ha du Nhin liu cho nh my in

Nhin liu dn dng

Nhin liu ng c

Cc c tnh ca LPG :
p sut

Ha lng 0,3 - 0,4 Mpa

Khng ph thuc vo lng LPG trong bn cha ,ch ph thuc vo nhit mi trng.

o Nhit si
C3 :ts=-42oC C4 :ts=-0,5oC

o Khi lng ring

Cc c tnh ca LPG

Ti t = 15oC ,p=760mmHg: Th lng:C3 3 584 , 6 kg / m C4 3 Th hi : C3 1,523 kg / m 3 2 , 007 kg / m C4 o Tnh dn n do nhit Propan: 1 atm 1 th tch lng cho 270 th tch hi Butan : 1 atm 1 th tch lng cho 283 th tch hi. Kinh t hn khi bo qun v vn chuyn di dng lng

Cc c tnh ca LPG
o Gii hn chy n:

o Hp nn kh an ton

o Mi v mu sc o Khng mi nn thng c pha thm mecraptan nhn bit khi r r.

Cc c tnh ca LPG
Nhit tr Ln tng ng vi 3-4 kg than.

Phn loi
Propan thng mi : cha ch yu l C3.

Butan thng mi : cha ch yu l C4

Hn hp butan-propan: thnh phn ca sn phm ny ph thuc vo nh sn xut

Phng php tn cha

o Trong lng t o Trn mt t

An ton v hiu qu
Chi ph xy dng cao

Trong cc bn chu p

sut trong cao.

4. Nhn xt o LPG l mt ngun nhin liu : o Sch , tin li v nhanh chng. o Nhit tr cao, gi tng i o nh hng ca t l C3/C4 : o Nhit tr: C3/C4 cng cao-> nhit tr cng cao tuy nhin s khc bit ny l khng ng k. o Chy sch: C3/C4 cng cao-> kh nng chy cng cao nhng chnh lch khng ln. o p sut : C3/C4 cao -> p cao , s khc bit ny l ng k -> lin quan n vn an ton. o Cht t dn dng nn dng butan. o Cht t cng nghip nn dng propan.

II. Gii thiu v sn phm

c c trng bi cu trc vng bn vng nh s xen ph (cng hng) ca cc orbitan . Cc hydrocacbon thm rt nhy vi phn ng th electrophil vi s c mt ca cht xc tc.

1.

Cc tnh cht vt l ca Aromatic

2. Tnh cht ha hc ca Benzen-Toluen-Xylen o Tnh thm ca vng benzen v tnh no ca gc ankyl o Cc phn ng c bn ca ankyl Benzen l phn ng SE cng vng Benzen,phn ng SR oxi ha gc ankyl.Phn ng SE l phn ng quan trng nht trong hai loi hp cht ny.

a)Phn ng th SE ca Benzen:

o Tng qut cc phn ng th quan trng ca benzen:

3. ng dng ca hp cht thm: o Cc hp cht thn th BTX l quan trng nht v n c nhiu ng dng : n l thnh phn nhiu liu ca xng cao cp, v cc cu t ny c s octan rt cao (trn 100). o Benzen, Toluen, cc Xylen (gi chung l BTX), etylbenzen v cumen l cc hydrocacbon thn c ng dng rng ri nht trong cng ngh tng hp hu c ha du. o Chng l cc cht quan trng cho nhiu qu trnh sn xut ha cht v polyme thng mi nh phenol,trinitrotoluen (TNT),nylon v cht do

Phn 2.Cng ngh Xyclar

I.

Lu trnh cng ngh

Hnh 1.S cng ngh qu trnh xyclar ca UOP2

Cc giai on trong qu trnh

o Nhit phn ng: trn 425oC o Xc tc: H-ZSM 5 hoc H-ZSM 11. chn lc hnh dng ca zeolit s thc y phn ng to vng v

gii hn kch thc vng to thnh. o Sn phm: Cha t l 5 : 1 sn phm H2/Aromatic Phn lng cha 92% khi lng l BTX, 7-8% l C9 v C10 ,t lng hidrocacbon khng thm Hiu sut thng t 63-66%,ty thuc vo thnh phn nguyn liu. C sn phm ph l CH4 v C2H6 ca qu trnh cracking.

Ha hc cc qu trnh

H 0

Yu cu ca xc tc
o chon lc cao vi sn phm aromatic, hiu sut chuyn ha ca cht xc tc gim t t.
o Duy tr nng sut v cht lng ca sn phm

c n nh. o Hot tnh gim chm ko di tui th. o Khng nhy cm vi tc nhn gy ng c xc tc o D ti sinh hon ton. o bn nhit,bn c hc cao.

Xc tc ca qu trnh
Tn: Zeolite ZMS-5 Cng thc dng ngm nc:Nan.Aln.Si96-n.O192.16H2O

Loi xc tc v kch thc:

Xc tc lng chc. Giu Si:t l Si/Al=100. C mao qun trng bnh:5,1A Zeolite ZSM-5 c b sung thm Ga v Zn, l xc tc axit

rn,zeolite vi mao qun va v ln t 5-7 Ao ,mao qun ln l t 7-10A0,din tch b mt l t 150-400 m2/g. Ga c b sung vo thnh phn to khung tinh th cng vi Alumino.em li hot tnh ti u gia tnh axit v tnh oxi ha kh ca zeolite.V tng cng chn lc hp cht thm. Hm lng kim loi chuyn tip l t 0,1-5% khi lng,tt nht l 1-3%.

Zeolite c b sung thnh phn kim loi qu nh Pt, Pd, Rh, Ru, v Ir. Pt mang chc nng oxy ha kh, xc tin cho qu trnh Dehydro ha to vng thm. Hm lng kim loi qu l t 0,05-5% khi lng,tt nht l t 0,02-1%.T l nguyn t trong

zeolite Si/(Ga + Al) tt nht ln hn 2. Mt v d ca mt t l chp nhn c i vi khung zeolite l Si/(Ga + Al) nguyn t t l trong khong t 10 n 200.

M t lu trnh
Chia lm ba giai on chnh

Thit b phn ng bao gm cc l phn ng xuyn tm loi xp chng (stacked), kt hp trao i nhit vi dng nguyn liu, thit b gia nhit, v

tin gia nhit. Phn ti sinh xc tc bao gm thit b ti sinh xp chng v ng i ca cht xc tc. Phn thu hi sn phm bao gm cc thit b phn tch sn phm, my nn kh, thit b chng tch, v thit b thu hi kh.

B phn ti sinh xc tc

5. Sn phm ca qu trnh o Sn phm lng chnh ca ca trnh l BTX v aromatic C9+ o Thnh phn sn phm ph thuc vo ngun nguyn liu nh sau: o Vi nguyn liu l propan v butan thu c 91% BTX v 9% C9+
Sn phm Benzene Propan 27 Butan 22

Toluen
Xylen

43
21

44
25

Phn 3.So snh v la chn cng ngh

CCR flatforming ca UOP Cng ngh Cyclar -Lm vic lin tc ti iu kin khng qu ngt ngo -Xc tc chuyn ng -Lm vic p sut thp -Xc tc t chy nn gim c nng lng. -Hiu sut c th t c 64% khi lng. -Nguyn liu :LPG c nhiu ,gi thnh r hn naphta. -Sn phm lng cha 91% BTX l sn phm c gi tr v nhiu ng dng. -Sn phm c tinh khit cao do:toluen v xylen c th c tch bng ct phn on lm nguyn liu ha du loi b c giai on lm sch khi khai thc. -Xc tc lin tc t chy -C th lm vic p sut thp(3,5at).

Aromizer ca Fin

-Lm vic gin on -Xc tc c nh - gim lng cc th p sut phi cao tc phn ng gim -Hiu sut c th t :57% khi lng.

 Vn v kinh t.

Mt bn tm tt c nng sut, chi phi u t v tiu ung tin ch c cho trong bng cho 430.000 MTA (15.000 thng/ngy)phn xng Cyclar sn xut BTX lm nguyn liu cho Aromatic phc tp. Thnh phn nguyn liu l C3-50% khi lng v C4-50% khi lng.

Vi nhng thun li v kh khn trn ta chn cng ngh Xyclar l ph hp vi tnh hnh hin

nay v c ngun nguyn liu,iu kin xc tc,iu kin cng ngh v li nhun kinh t cao.

~HT~

CM N C GIO V CC BN