Lp trnh trong mi trng .

NET

Visual studio.NET Phn 1

Visual studio.NET l mt mi trng tch hp trin khai phn mm(Intergrated Development Environmet, IDE). N c thit k lp ra mt tin trnh vit m, g ri, v bin dch thnh mt assembly mt cch d dng. Visual studio.NET cho bn mt ng dng multiple-document-interface rt tinh vi, trong bn c th lin kt mi th pht trin on m ca bn. N bao gm: Mt Text Editor : trong bn c th vit on m C#. Text e ditor ny th hi phc tp, v rt rnh c php C#. Tc l, khi bn g cc cu lnh vo, n s t ng b tr on ca bn, v d nh bng cch tht canh ct cc dng lnh, cho khp cp du {}, v t mu nhng t kho. Ngoi ra, n s thc hin kim tra vi c php khi bn g v s gch di nhng dng m b sai. N cn c thm mt chc nng c bit l Intelliense, n s t ng hin th

tn ca cc lp, trng hay phng thc khi bn bt u g chng. Khi bn bt u nh cc tham s cho phng thc, n s hin th danh sch tham s. Mn hnh bn di s ch c trng ny vi mt lp c s .NET l ListBox :

Mt Design view editor, n cho php bn t giao din ngi dng v cc control d liu truy cp trong d n ca bn. Khi bn lm nh vy, Visual studio.NET s t ng thm nhng m C# cn thit cho tp tin ngun ca bn to nhng control ny trong d n ca bn. Cc ca s h tr cho php bn xem v sa i nhng kha cnh khc nhau trn d n ca bn. V d c nhng ca s cho bn thy nhng lp hnh thnh on m ngun cng nh cc thuc tnh trn cc lp Windown Form hoc Web Form. Bn cng c th s dng nhng ca s ny khai bo cc tu chn bin dch.

Bin dch trong lng mi trng: thay cho vic chy trnh bin dch C# t dng lnh, bn c th chn mt tu chn menu bin dch v Visual Studio.NET s gi trnh bin dch cho bn. N cng c th chy mt chng trnh kh thi c bin dch, nh vy bn c th bit chng trnh chy tt hay khng, v bn c th chn gia hai cu hnh xy dng chng trnh khc nhau : debug build hoc release build. Mt Intergate Debugger h tr vic g ri xuyn ngn ng trong khun vin IDE. Ngoi ra bn c th g ri trong mt lc nhiu chng trnh. Bn c th chnh sa on m ngay trong Text editor Visual tsudio.NET sa cha bug, ri cho bin dch li v cho chy li chng trnh c sa cha ngay ti ch b l v li. Intergated MSDN help Visual studio.NET c th gi ti liu MSDN cho bn. V d nh khi bn khng bit ngha ca mt t kho th bn chn n v nhn F1 th n s gi MSDN ln gii thch t cho bn. Truy cp n mt chng trnh khc: Nu tt c cc tin ch trn cha th Visual studio.NET c th gi cc tin ch khc cho php bn kim tra v sa i cc kha cnh khc ca my tnh bn hay mng m bn khng phi ri khi mi trng pht trin. Gia nhiu cng c c sn, bn c th kim tra vic chy cc dch v, v s kt ni d liu , v c mt ca s internet explorer cho php bn lt Web.

Chc chn rng bn c kinh nghim trong C++ hay VB trc khi bn lm quen vi phin bn Visual studio.NET, do bn bit rng nhiu chc nng trn khng mi m. Tuy nhin nhng g mi trong Visual studio.NET l n lin kt tt c chc nng trong mi trng pht trin ca VS 6. C ngha l nhng ngn ng g bn s dng trong VS6, bn s tm thy mt vi chc nng mi trong Visual Studio.NET. T bt k nn no, bn s tm thy tm nhn tng th ca mi trng pht trin thay i iu tit cc chc nng mi, nhng IDE xuyn ngn ng n, v s hp nht vi .NET. C nhiu menu tu chn v thanh cng c tu chn mi, v nhiu tin ch khc trong VS6 c i tn. V th bn cn b mt khong thi gian lm quen vi vic trnh by v lm ch trong Visual studio.NET. Mc ch chnh ca Visual studio.NET l bo m bn lm quen vi tt c cc khi nim v vic xy dng v g ri trong mt ng dng C# v c th s dng cc chc nng c th, iu m khng th lm c trong mi trng pht trin ca bt k ngn ng no trc. Mn hnh sau s th hin mn hnh ca Visual studio.NET khi bn vit m:

To mt d n: Khi bn ci t Visual studio.NET, bn s mun bt u d n u tin. Vi Visual studio.NET, t khi bn bt u vi mt tp tin trng m bn s g vo on m C# t im bt u. Thay vo bn s cho Visual studio.NET bit loi d n m bn mun to, sau n s t ng to ra mt on m C# to thnh mt sng outline cho d n . V bn ch c vic l thm m ca bn vo sng . V d, bn mun vit mt ng dng trn Window GUI, th Visual studio.NET s bt u to mt tp tin cha on m ngun C# cho php to mt form c bn. Form ny c kh nng giao tip vi Window, v tip nhn nhng tnh hung. N cho php c thu nh hoc phng to hoc thay i kch thc ... V lc ny bn s thm cc chc nng bn mong mun c i vi biu mu. Nu ng dng ca bn c dng theo kiu dng lnh th visual studio.NET s cho bn mt namespace c bn, lp,

v phng thc Main() bt u. D nhin l nu bn mun bt u t s khng, th Visual studio.NET cng cho bn chn mt ng dng rng. Khi bn to ra mt d n, n s dn dng nhng tu chn bin dch cn thit cung cp cho trnh bin dch C# c hay khng bin dch mt ng dng dng lnh, mt th vin, hay mt ng dng Windown. Ngoi ra, nhng th vin lp c s no bn s cn. Tuy nhin bn c th sa i nhng ci t ny nu bn cn. Khi bn bt u vi visual studio.NET ln u tin, bn s c thy mt start page. l mt trang HTML cha cc lin kt khc nhau dn bn n vi cc trang web hu ch, cho php bn to dng v cu hnh ca Visual studio.NET, hoc m nhng d n hin hu hoc khi ng d n mi . Trn gia mn hnh start page, bn thy lit k mt s d n m bn lm vic gn y nht:

Chn mt kiu d n:

Bn c th to mt d n mi bng vic click trn cc lin kt thch hp trn trang bt u, hay click trn menu file chn New/project. Hay bn c th chn cc mu trong hp dialog New project. Cc hp Dialog ny s hi bn mun loi loi m sng no cn c to ra, v nhng tu chn bin dch no bn mun. Nhng trnh bin dch no bn mun bin dich m ca bn: C#, VB.NET hay C++. Tuy nhin, trong sch ny ch a ra nhng tu chn c th ng dng trong d n C# Nu bn chn .. Bn s ly nhng m C# v tu chn bin dch c to ra Windows Application Class Library Windows Library ASP.NET Application Mt lp .NET c th c gi bi cc m khc Mt mu trng c bn

Control Mt lp .NET c th c gi bi m khc v c mt giao din ngi dng Web Mt ASP.NET site web c s : trang ASP.NET v lp C# to ra HTML gi n trnh duyt t cc trang ny

Nu bn chn ..

Bn s ly nhng m C# v tu chn bin dch c to ra

ASP.NET Service Web Library

Web Mt lp C# hnh ng nh mt Web service trn vn

Control Mt control c th c gi ln bi trang ASP.NET, to ra m HTML a b mt ca mt iu khin khi th hin trn trnh duyt.

Console Application Mt ng dng chy ti ch dng lnh hay mt ca s console Windows Service Mt dch v chy trn nn Windows NT v Windows 2000 Empty Project Khng c g ht. Bn phi vit tt c

Empty Web Project Nh empty project nhng cc ci t bin dch c ci vo cu trc trnh bin dch to m cho trang AS.NET. New Project In Nhng tp tin d n mi cho mt empty project

Existing Folder Cc d n console mi:

Khi ta click OK hp dialog trn to mt ng dng console. Visual studio.NET s cung cp mt s tp tin, bao gm mt tp tin m ngun, class1.cs cha m sng khi to. Hnh di s ch cho ta thy nhng m m visual studio.NET vit cho ta:

y chng ta c mt chng trnh C# v cha c ngha thc thi nhng n cha nhng yu cu c bn ca mt chng trnh C# nh l: mt namespace, mt lp cha phng thc main(). on m ny sn sng chy nu bn nhn f5 hay chn debug/start. Tuy nhin, trc ht chng ta phi thm mt dng lnh chng trnh bn lm g . static void Main(string[] args) { //

// TODO: Add code to start application here // Console.WriteLine("Hello from all the editors at Wrox Press"); } Nu bn bin dich hay chy d n, bn s thy mt ca s console xut hin v bin mt ch cho bn mt thi gian nh xem mt tin nhn. Nguyn nhn ca vn ny l visual studio.NET nh nhng ci t ca bn khi to d n v sp xp chng li bin dch nh mt ng dng console v chy ngay lp tc. Sau Windowns nhn ra rng n cn chy mt ng dng console nhng khng c mt ca s console chy. V th, Windows to ra mt ca s console v chy chng trnh. Ngay khi chng trnh va thot th Windowns thy n khng cn ca s console na v hu n ngay. l tt c tnh logic ca chng trnh nhng n khng thc s gip ta nhiu nu ta mun nhn thy kt qu ca d n. Mt cch tt gii quyt vn ny l chn thm mt dng lnh Console.Readline() trc khi ri khi phng thc main(): static void Main(string[] args) { //

// TODO: Add code to start application here // Console.WriteLine("Hello from all the editors at Wrox Press"); Console.ReadLine(); } Theo cch ny, chng trnh ca bn s chy v hin th kt qu. Sau n c dng lnh Console.Readline() v i mt phm kt thc chng trnh. Thc thi chng trnh trn To nhng tp tin khc: Tp tin m ngun class1.cs khng phi l tp tin duy nht m visual studio.NET to ra cho bn. Nu nhn vo trong mt th mc ni m bn yu cu Visual studio.NET to d n ca bn th bn s khng thy nhng tp tin C# m l mt cu trc th mc nh sau:

Hai th mc bin v obj cha nhng tp tin bin dch v trung giang. Nhng th mc con ca obj s cha nhng tp tin tm thi v trung giang s c to ra, cn th mc con ca bin cha assembly c bin dch. Nhng tp tin cn li trong th mc main ca d n, baisicConsoleApp, cha thng tin v d n v nhng tp tin bn trong n. Nh vy, Visual studio.NET s bit cch phi bin dch d n nh th no, v cch c li n trong ln tip theo khi m d n. Gii php(solution) v d n(project): im quan trng y l bn cn phn bit gia gii php v d n: Mt d n: l mt tp hp cc tp tin m ngun v ti nguyn(resource) s c bin dch n mt asembly n. V d nh mt d n phi l mt th vin lp hay ng dng Window GUI. Mt gii php: l mt tp hp tt c cc d n to thnh mt gi phn mm c th. Mun thy s khc bit, chng ti th ly v d khi bn phn phi mt ng dng cho mt ngi s dng, c th n gm nhiu assembly hn l ch l mt. Th d, c th l mt giao din ngi dng; n s c vi control hay nhng thnh phn khc c gi i nh l nhng th vin thuc cc phn ca ng dng. K c vic c th c mt giao din khc dnh cho nhng

ngi qun l. Mi mt thnh phn ny c th c cha thnh nhng assembly ring l, v do i vi Visual studio.NET nh l mt d n ring bit. Tuy nhin, c th l bn thc hin nhng d n ny song hnh v phi hp vi nhau gia cc d n. Do , xem ra tin li khi c kh nng chnh sa chng nh mt n v duy nht trong visual studio.NET. Visual studio.NET cho php iu ny bng cch xem tt c d n nh l mt gii php, v i x gii php nh l mt n v c c vo v cho php bn lm vic trn . n by gi, ta kh lng lo v vic to mt d n.Trn thc t, v d ta ang lm vic, Visual studio.NET c mt gii php cho chng ta - mt console c bit ch cha duy nht mt d n. Chng ta c th thy tnh trng ny trn mt ca s ca Visual studio.NET l Solution Explorer, ni cha mt cu trc cy nh ngha gii php ca bn.

Mn hnh trn ch d n cha tp tin ngun, class1.cs, v tp tin khc, assemblyInfo.cs cha thng tin m t nhng assembly v thng tin n vic bin dch d n. Solution explorer cho bit nhng assembly m d n tham kho v. Nu bn thay i cc ci t bn s tm thy solution Explorer trong gc phi trn u mn hnh. Nu khng thy bn vo view/Solution Explorer hin n. Cc gii php c m t bi mt tp tin vi ui .sln. V th trong trng hp trn n l BasicConsoleApp.sln. D n s c m t bi cc tp tin khc nhau trong th mc main ca d n. Nu bn c sa nhng tp tin ny th bn s thy chng ton l nhng tp tin plain text . Thm d n vo mt gii php: Chng ti mun cho bn thy Visual studio.NET hot ng nh th no vi ng dng Window cng nh vi ng dng Console. Chng ti s to ra mt d n Window mang tn BasicWindow, nhng thay v a vo mt gii php mi, ta yu cu Visual studio.NET a n vo gii php hin hnh BasicConsoleApp. Ngha l ta s c mt gii php vi mt ng dng Window v mt ng dng console. y l cch to mt trnh tin

ch m bn mun chy trn Window hoc chy trn dng lnh command line. C hai cch thc hin iu ny. Cch th nht l click phi ln tn ca gii php trn ca s solution explorer, cho hin ln trnh n shortcut ri chn add/new project. Cch th 2 l ra lnh file/new/new project. C hai cch iu hin ln hp thoi New Project nh sau:

Trn ca s solution explorer ny ta c th thy Visual studio.NET t ng a mt s tham kho v cc lp c bn quan trng i vi chc nng ca biu mu window nm trong cc spacename System.Drawing,

System.Windows.Forms. Ngoi ra, bn cng s thy l tn ca tp tin gii php cng i thnh DemoSolution.sln. Ni chung, nu bn mun thay i bt c tn tp tin no th solution explorer l ni tt nht tin hnh nhng thay i, v Visual

studio.NET s t ng cho cp nht bt c nhng tham kho no v tp tin trong tt c cc tp tin thuc d n. Bn khng nn s dng Window Explorer thay i tp tin d n v n s ph v gii php.