NH GI TNH TRNG HN HN V NH HNG CA N I VI

SINH TRNG V NNG SUT CH PH1 TI BA V, H TY

Assessment of drought situation and its impact on growth
and yield of tea PH1 in Bavi district, Hatay province
on Vn im1, Trn Danh Thn
SUMMARY
BaVi is district belonging to midland region of Northern Vietnam. It is characterized by low hill and
sloping lands. So drought situation occurs frequently causing damages to tea. Results of this study
showed that moisture index (MI) is less than -32,8; hydraulic thermal coefficient (HTC) is less than 0,0;
drought index (K) is more than 1,2; evaporation ranges of litters from 73,2 to 83,4 mm, these conditions
have considerable effects on growth of tea tips at first and final litters in the year. Especially, the drought
occurs more seriously at first and sixth litters with total rainfall of this stage is only from 0,8 to 64,6 mm.
Results of the study also pointed out that the drought decreased density and weight of tea tips
planted on ferralit land in BaVi district, HaTay province. Yield of tea tips in drought condition is about
76,0% compared with that in suitable moisture condition.
Key words: Drought, Growth, Yield, Tea PH1.

1 T VN

Hn hn c coi l mt thin tai i vi

sn xut nng nghip bi n lm ph v
cn bng nc, nh hng nghim trng
n sinh trng, pht trin ca cy trng.
Nc ta c kh hu nht i gi ma, s
bin ng ca cc yu t kh hu hng nm
rt ln. Hn na, do s bin i kh hu
khu vc v ton cu, nhng nm gn y
hn hn nghim trng thng xy ra. Trn
lnh th Vit Nam c th phn bit 2 ma
hn hn l hn ma ng v hn ma h.
Hn ma ng xy ra Bc B, Nam B
v Ty Nguyn, hn ma h thng xut
hin cc tnh ven bin min Trung, c
bit l Bc Trung b. vng Trung du Bc
b, hn hn v ng Xun cng c chiu
1

Th Thanh Hng; 2003). Do iu kin a

hnh chia ct, dc cao, hn hn nghim
trng ang lm cho t
ai vng ny b suy thoi, nng sut cy
trng gim dn. Theo Meae (1973), ch
l loi mt cy trng c nhu cu nc thay
i theo cc giai on sinh trng, pht
trin. Hn hn lm cho m t tng 0 40 cm gim, l mt yu t quan trng ph
v cn bng nc trong cy, nh hng
nghim trng ti nng sut v phm cht.
tm kim gii php khc phc tnh trng
hn hn, trong bi bo ny chng ti trnh
by mt s kt qu nh gi tc ng ca
hn hn i vi sinh trng v nng sut
ch PH1 ti Ba V, H Ty.

Khoa t v Mi trng, i hc Nng nghip I

hng gia tng (Nguyn Trng Hiu, Phm

2. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU

Th nghim tm hiu tc ng ca hn
hn i vi sinh trng, pht trin v nng
sut ch PH1 tui th 5 c tin hnh
trn t i dc 5 - 100 ti Ba V, H Ty
trong nm 2004. Th nghim b tr hon
ton ngu nhin, c nhc li 3 ln, din
tch l 15 m2, gm 2 cng thc:
Cng thc I: Ch trng trong iu kin t
nhin (hn hn). Cng thc II: Ch c ti
nc nh k 10 ngy mt ln (tr thi k c
ma), m bo m (/C).

nh gi tnh trng hn hn thng qua

cc ch tiu: Ch s kh hn: K = E/R; H

s thu nhit Se-lia-ni-nov: HTC =

R/0.1t 0C; Ch s m: MI (%) = 100(R
- PET)/PET
Trong : E - tng lng bc hi
(mm); R - lng ma (mm); t0C - tng
nhit (0C); PET - bc thot hi nc
tim nng (mm) mt giai on sinh
trng, pht trin ca cy ch (FAO,
1991).

Bng 1. Tiu chun phn chia cp hn hn theo cc ch tiu nh gi

nh gi theo cc ch s kh hn K v HTC

nh gi theo ch s m (MI)

Cp hn hn

HTC

Cp m

MI

Khng hn

< 1,0

> 0,7

Thiu m nghim trng

< - 80

Hn nh

1,1 n 2,0

0,5 n 0.7

Rt thiu m

-80 n -60

Hn va

2,1 n 4,0

0,3 n 0,5

Thiu m

-60 n 0

Hn hn nghim trng

> 4,0

< 0,3

>0

3. KT QU NGHIN CU V THO
LUN
3.1. nh gi iu kin hn hn qua cc
t sinh trng ca ch
Hng nm cy ch bt u phn ho mm
t v Xun sau mt thi k ngh ng. Thng
thng ch thu hi c th sinh trng khong
6 - 7 t tu tui ch v iu kin kh hu.
Cc t sinh trng din ra trong iu kin
thi tit khc nhau th di thi gian mi t
cng khc nhau. Hng nm cc t sinh
trng u v v cui v thng ko di do
nhit thp v ch ma m khng thun
li. Mi t sinh trng to ra rt nhiu la
hi, cc t sinh trng gia v c iu kin
nhit , bc x v ma m thun li c th
cho t 4 - 6 la hi. to ra 1 la hi bp
ch tri qua 2 giai on: sinh trng n v
sinh trng hin. Sinh trng n din ra trong
cnh ch, khng biu hin ra ngoi, l qu
trnh phn ho m, phn chia cc t bo nch

l hnh thnh bp v l. Giai on sinh

trng hin tnh t thi k bp ch nh ra
khi nch l n thu hi, l qu trnh tng
trng khi lng bp v l. Hai giai on
sinh trng ni tip nhau to thnh la hi.
Nng sut ch c kin to t cc t sinh
trng v la hi v th b nh hng rt nhiu
bi cc yu t kh tng. Kt qu nh gi
iu kin kh hu cc t sinh trng ca ch
trnh by bng 2 v 3.

t sinh trng th 5: t sinh trng 5

ko di t ngy 18/VIII n 11/IX - 2004.
Qua bng 2 v 3 cho thy nhit trung
bnh c t 28,1 0C, tng nhit 702,5
0
C, s gi nng 121,6 gi l nhng iu
kin thun li i vi qu trnh sinh
trng bp ch. V ch ma m, lng
ma 223,4 mm cao hn nhiu so vi
lng bc hi (40,8 mm); h s thu nhit
HTC = 3,2; ch s kh hn K = 0,2; ch s

m MI = 72,6 phn nh iu kin m

i vi cy ch.
t sinh trng th 6: t sinh trng 6
ko di 34 ngy t 3/X n 5/XI - 2004, l
t sinh trng cui cng trong nm.
Nhit trung bnh 24,20C, tng nhit
824,40C, s gi nng 157,5 gi, cha gp

nhit qu thp nn ch vn sinh trng

c tuy tc gim r rt. Lng ma
c t ch cn 0,8 mm, lng bc hi 83,4
mm; h s thu nhit HTC = 0; ch s kh
hn K = 104,3; ch s m MI = -99,4 phn
nh tnh trng kh hn nghim trng.

Bng 2. iu kin kh tng cc t sinh trng ca ch PH1

Thi gian ST

t ST

S ngy

Ttb

TTB

Nng

Ma

Bc hi

T 18/8 - 11/9/2004

t 5

25

702,5

28,1

121,6

223,4

40,8

T 3/10 - 5/11/2004

t 6

34

824,4

24,2

157,5

0,8

83,4

T 25/1 - 22/3/2005

t 1

57

1035,7

18,2

69,5

64,6

73,2

T 17/4 - 14/5/2005

t 2

28

755,2

27,0

122,8

68,4

58,3

T 6/6 - 27/6/2005

t 3

22

658,8

29,9

99,3

75,0

74,0

T 7/7 - 30/7/2005

t 4

24

691,4

28,8

170,5

107,5

63,5

Ghi ch: Ttb: Tng tch nhit (0C); TTB: Nhit trung bnh (0C); Nng: (gi); Ma: (mm); Bc hi:
(mm)
Bng 3. Ch s kh hn cc t sinh trng ca ch PH1
Thi gian ST

t ST

PAR

PET

Rff

HTC

MI

T 18/8 - 11/9/2004

t 5

4879,6

129,4

0,2

143,5

3,2

72,6

T 3/10 - 5/11/2004

t 6

5333,6

123,9

104,3

0,8

0,0

-99,4

T 25/1 - 22/3/2005

t 1

5304,7

96,2

1,2

57,9

0,6

-32,8

T 17/4 - 14/5/2005

t 2

5376,8

137,6

0,9

60,9

0,9

-50,3

T 6/6 - 27/6/2005

t 3

4761,2

133,6

1,0

66,0

1,1

-43,8

T 7/7 - 30/7/2005

t 4

5941,2

161,2

0,6

89,0

1,6

-33,3

Ghi ch: PAR: Bc x quang hp (Kcal/cm ); Bc thot hi nc tim nng (mm); Rff: Lng ma hu
hiu (mm); K: Ch s kh hn; HTC: H s thu nhit; MI: Ch s m.

t sinh trng th 1 (2005): Sau thi gian

ngh ng, t sinh trng 1 bt u khi
ng t 25/I v kt thc 22/II - 2005, ko
di 57 ngy, l t sinh trng u tin
trong nm. Nhit trung bnh 18,20C, tng
nhit 1035,70C, s gi nng 69,5 gi. Do
nhit cn qu thp, s gi nng t nn
ch sinh trng chm. Lng ma c t
64,6 mm, lng bc hi 73,2 mm; h s
thu nhit HTC = 0,6; ch s kh hn K =
1,2; ch s m MI = -32,8 l iu kin hn
va nn bp ch sinh trng chm.

t sinh trng th 2 (2005): Ko di 28

ngy, t 17/IV n 14/V - 2005. Nhit
tng dn, trung bnh 27,00C, tng nhit
755,20C, s gi nng 122,8 gi, l iu
kin thun li cho ch sinh trng thn l.
Ch ma m c ci thin, lng
ma c t vn cha cao - 68,4 mm,
lng bc hi 58,3 mm; h s thu nhit
HTC = 0,9; ch s kh hn K = 0,9; ch s
m MI = -50,3 phn nh iu kin m.
Tuy nhin, do lng ma phn b khng
u, hn hn cc b vn cn xy ra.

t sinh trng th 3 (2005): t sinh

trng 3 ko di 22 ngy t 6/VI n
27/VI - 2005, l t sinh trng ngn
nht trong nm. Thi k ny lng ma
tng ln mt cch ng k, c t t
75,0 mm, bc hi 74,0 mm; h s thu
nhit HTC = 1,1; ch s kh hn K = 1,0;
ch s m MI = -43,8 l iu kin m
nn ch sinh trng tt. Nhit tng
dn, trung bnh 29,9 0C, tng nhit
658,80C, s gi nng 99,3 gi, rt thun
li cho sinh trng thn l.

t sinh trng th 4 (2005): t sinh

trng 4 ko di t 7/VII n 30/VII 2005. Nhit cao, trung bnh 28,80C,
tng nhit 691,40C, s gi nng 170,5
gi, rt thun li cho ch sinh trng. V
ch ma m, lng ma c t 107,5
mm, lng bc hi 63,5 mm; h s thu
nhit HTC = 1,6; ch s kh hn K = 0,6;
ch s m MI = -33,3 phn nh iu kin
m, thun li i vi qu trnh hnh
thnh bp v l.

3.3 nh hng ca hn hn i vi s la hi v nng sut ch

Bng 4. Sn lng ch bp ti qua cc t sinh trng 2 cng thc

n v (Gam/ 15 m2)
Cng thc
I
II

Nm 2004

Nm 2005

t 5

t 6

t 1

t 2

t 3

t 4

910,9
1163,1

420,8
765,0

816,2
951,8

1192,6
1439,1

727,4
969,0

737,7
1021,8

Tng cng*
4805,6 a
6309,8b

*Ghi ch: 4805,6a v 6309,8b khc nhau vi mc xc sut P = 95%

So snh gia 2 cng thc cho thy, hn

hn lm gim nng sut ch bp ti
tt c cc t hi, nng sut c nm gim
1504,2 gam/, tng ng vi 10,1
t/ha. Nng sut ch bp ti trong iu
kin hn hn ch t 76,0% so vi ch
trng c m bo m.

V cc ch tiu sinh trng, hn hn

lm gim mt bp, khi lng 100 bp
v di bp r rt: trung bnh mt
bp gim 21,1 bp/m2; khi lng 100
bp gim 13,3 gam v di bp hi gim
0,7 cm.

Bng 5. Mt s ch tiu sinh trng bp v nng sut ch PH1 2 cng thc

(Kho st ngy 7/5/2005)
Ch tiu nghin cu

Cng thc I

Cng thc II

44,6
72,5

63,8
85,8

di bp (cm)
Chiu di lng (cm)

3,8
2,2

4,5
2,4

Tng s la hi c nm
Nng sut th nghim (g/)

19,0
4805,6

20,0
6309,8

Nng sut l thuyt (t/ha)

So snh (%)

32,0
76,0

42,1
100,0

Mt bp (bp/m )
Khi lng 100 bp (gam)

4. KT LUN
Ba v, H Ty thuc vng Trung du Bc b l vng chuyn tip c a hnh i dc, hn hn
xy ra nghim trng i vi cy ch PH1. Kt qu nh gi mc hn hn qua ch s kh hn
(K); h s thu nhit (HTC), ch s m (MI) cho thy, hn hn nh hng ti cc t sinh trng
ch bp u tin v cui cng hng nm. c bit, hn hn nghim trng xy ra khi lng ma c
t ch t 0.8 - 64,6 mm, lng bc hi 73,2 - 83,4 mm; h s thu nhit HTC < 0; ch s kh
hn K > 1,2; ch s m MI < -32,8 lm gim s la hi trong mi t.
Hn hn nh hng ti sinh trng ca bp ch, hn hn lm gim mt v khi
lng 100 bp ch PH1 trng trn loi t xm feralit (Acf). Nng sut ch bp ti trong iu
kin hn hn ch bng 76,0% so vi iu kin m.
TI LIU THAM KHO
FAO (1991). Manual and Guidelines for CROPWAT. A computer program for IBM-PC or compatibles,
Rome. 126 pages.
Nguyn Trng Hiu, Phm Th Thanh Hng (2003). "c im hn v phn vng hn Vit Nam".
Tuyn tp Bo co Hi tho khoa hc ln th 8, Vin KTTV, B Ti nguyn v Mi trng. Trang
95 - 106.
.. (1973).
m, , , 49 (55), c 108-111.