4

- - 1 1

f :
' , x1,x2
x1 < x2 :

f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 )

' , x1,x2
x1 < x2 :

f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )

.
( )
,
.

.
, , f, g ()
f +g ().
f,g f(x), g(x) > 0 x
f . g .

f :
xo () , f ( x0 ) , :

f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) , x .
xo () , f ( x0 ) , :

f ( x ) f ( x 0 ) , x .
.
.
,

58.

- - 1 1 -

11
11 ( )
x1, x2 x1 x 2 f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 ) .
:
11, x1,x2
f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) : x1 = x 2
11, y
x .
x'x, y = ,
.
f 1-1 (
) .
y

o
o

, 1 - 1

.

f f(A) 1-1 .
f - 1 f(A) A :
f ( x ) = y x = f 1 ( y )
-1
f f.
f , :
i. To f 1 f,
ii. T f 1 f.
iii. f f 1 .
H . , f
, f(A) :
f 1 (f ( x )) = x , x A

f (f 1 ( y )) = y , y f ( A )

59.

- - 1 1 -

o
,
y = x.
, :

f ( x ) = f 1 ( x ) , f ( x ) = x ( f 1 ( x ) = x )
A f ( A ) ,
f f ( f 1)
. ( ,
9)
, , .
: -
.. f (x) = x 2 R ( 1 1)

(, 0) (0, +) (1 1).
.

1
:
x1,x2 A x1 < x 2 ""
f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 ) . f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 ) f
, f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 ) f
.
1
f g : f ( x ) = 2x 3 + 1 g ( x ) =
.

f R. x1 , x 2 R x1 < x 2 .
x1 < x 2 x13 < x 23 2x13 + 1 < 2x 23 + 1 f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 )
f R.
g x R 4 x 0
4 x 0 x 4 A g = (, 4] .

4-x
3

60.

- - 1 1 -

:
x1 , x 2
(, 4]

2 x1 < x 2 4 x1 > 4 x 2 4 x1 > 4 x 2

4
x1
4 x 2 f y = f ( x ) .

>
g ( x1 ) > g ( x 2 )
3
3
f ( x 2 ) f ( x1 )

Axg1 ,=x(2
. x1 x 2
=
, 4]


x 2 x1
> 0 .
< 0 .
= 0 .
2
f f ( x ) =

x + 2 0 x 2 .

3x
. .
x+2

f = ( , 2 ) ( 2, + )
x1 , x 2 f x1 x 2 ( x1 < x 2 ) .

3x 2
3x1

f ( x 2 ) f ( x1 ) x 2 + 2 x1 + 2
6
: =
=
=
+
x 2 x1
x 2 x1
x
2
( 2 )( x1 + 2 )
x1 < x 2 < 2 x1 + 2 < 0 x 2 + 2 < 0 > 0 .
f (, 2) . 2 < x1 < x 2

x1 + 2 > 0 x 2 + 2 > 0 > 0. f

(2, +) . f
.

- 4 < 1 f ( - 4 ) = 6 > f ( 1 ) = 1. f
.
3
( )
:
. f ( A ) = [k, ]
k ,
f ( A ) = [k, +) [ k, )
. f ( A ) = ( , ] ( , ] ...... .

3
f : f ( x ) = 3 + 1 x . f (
).

 - - 1 1 -

61.

. 1 x 0 x 1 . f = (,1] .
: x 1 x 1 1 x 0 1 x 0 3 + 1 x 3 f ( x ) 3
x f .
f ( A ) = [3, +) f (1) = 3
3 x = 1.
4
, 1-1:
1. f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) , x1 = x 2 x1 x 2

, f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 )
2. .
3. f(x) = y x y
f.
4. ( ).
4
f ( x ) =

2x
1-1.
x +1

R - { - 1 }. :
x1 , x 2 f : f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 )

2x1
2x 2
=
2x1 ( x 2 + 1) = 2x 2 ( x1 + 1)
x1 + 1 x 2 + 1

2x1 x 2 + 2x1 = 2x1 x 2 + 2x 2 x1 = x 2

f 1-1 .
5
f :
i. f.
ii. f 1-1, .
iii. y = f(x) x .
y
f f 1.
5
f f ( x ) = 2e x 1 . N f 1 ( ).

A f = R . f 1-1.

62.

- - 1 1 -

x1 , x 2 R f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) 2e x1 1 = 2e x 2 1 e x1 = e x2 x1 = x 2
f 1-1 .
y = f (x)
x
x
E : y = f ( x ) y = 2e 1 e =

e x > 0

y +1
2

(1)

y +1
y +1
y > 1
> 0 y > 1 . (1) x = ln
2
2

1
f ( x ) = ln

x +1
x > 1 .
2

6

f 1-1 f (g ( )) = f ( h ( )) g ( ) = h ( )

f

g ( ) < h ( ) f
f ( g ( )) < f ( h ( ))
g ( ) > h ( ) f
6
f ( x ) = x x , 0 < < 1 x R .
i. f R.
ii. 3 + ( 2 1) = 2 1 + 3 .

i. f ( x ) = x + ( x ) R x1 < x 2

x1 > x 2

x1 > x 2

x1 x1 > x 2 x 2 f ( x1 ) > f ( x 2 )
3
2
3
2
ii. + ( 2 1) = 1 + 3 ( 3 ) = 1 ( 2 1)

f ( 3 ) = f ( 2 1)
f R 1-1 R :

3 = 2 1 ( 2 1) = 2 1 ( 2 1)( 1) = 0 = 1 = 1
7
f 1 f.

63.

- - 1 1 -

7
f : R R f 3 ( x ) + f ( x ) + x = 0 (1), x R .
f f 1 .

(1)

f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) f 3 ( x1 ) + f ( x1 ) = f 3 ( x 2 ) + f ( x 2 ) x1 = x 2 x1 = x 2 .
f 1-1 R .
f ( x ) = y y3 + y + x = 0 x = y y3 , y R .
f 1 ( x ) = x x 3 , x R .
8
f : R R :
i. f ( R ) = R ,

ii. f (x + y ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) , x, y R (1),

iii. f 1-1 R .

f 1 (x + y ) = f 1 ( x ) + f 1 ( y ) .

(1) , x, f 1 ( x ) y, f 1 ( y ) :
f (f 1 ( x ) + f 1 ( y )) = f (f 1 ( x )) + f (f 1 ( y )) = x + y

( f ( f 1 ( x )) = x f (f 1 ( y )) = y x, y R ).

f 1 f (f 1 ( x ) + f 1 ( y )) = f 1 (x + y ) f 1 ( x ) + f 1 ( y ) = f 1 (x + y ) .
.

1
f f ( x ) = x + ln x . .

f (0, +) . 0 < x1 < x 2 (1) lnx

(0, +) ln x1 < ln x 2 ( 2 ).
(1) (2) : x1 + ln x1 < x 2 + ln x 2

f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 ) . f .
2
f f ( x ) =

ex 1
.
ex + 1

f R e x + 1 > 0 , x R .

64.

- - 1 1 -

e x 2 1 e x1 1
x
x
f ( x 2 ) f ( x1 ) e x 2 + 1 e x1 + 1 2 (e 2 e 1 )
: =
=
=
x 2 x1
x 2 x1
x 2 x1

x1 < x2 e x1 < e x2 e x2 e x1 > 0 , > 0 f

.
3
f R.
f x
g ( x ) = e ( ) + f ( x ) + 3 R.

f R :

f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 ) (1), x1 , x 2 R x1 < x 2

ex f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 )
(2)
ef ( x1 ) < ef ( x 2 )
(1) (2) :

ef ( x1 ) + f ( x1 ) < ef ( x 2 ) + f ( x 2 ) ef ( x1 ) + f ( x1 ) + 3 < ef ( x 2 ) + f ( x 2 ) + 3 g ( x1 ) < g ( x 2 )

g R.
4
. f
f .
. 3x + 4x = 5x (1)

. f 1-1, , x1 , x 2 x1 x 2
f ( x1 ) f ( x 2 ) .

A f , x1 , x 2 , x1 x 2 f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) = 0 ,
. f
x'x
.

. (1) x = 2 32+42 =52 . :

x

3 4
3 4
3x + 4 x = 5x + = 1 + 1 = 0 5x 0 x R .
5 5
5 5
x

3 4
g ( x ) = + 1 , x R g
5 5
.
x1
x2
x1
x2
4
4
3
3
x1 < x 2 > (2)

x1 < x 2 > (1)

5
5
5
5

65.

- - 1 1 -

x 0 < < 1 .
(1) (2) :
x

1
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
+ > + + 1 > + 1 g ( x1 ) > g ( x 2 )
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
g R ' .
g ( 2 ) = 0, 2 g ( x ) = 0.

5
f R g g ( x ) =
g 1.

2f ( x )

1 + f 2 (x )

A g ( x ) 1 , x 1
g.
g ( x ) 1

2f ( x )

1 + f 2 (x )

1 f 2 ( x ) 2f ( x ) + 1 0 (f ( x ) 1) 0
2

x. f
R, x0 f (x0 ) = 1 g ( x 0 ) = 1 .
x 0 R g ( x ) 1 = g ( x 0 ) x R . ,
g 1.
6
1-1.
i. f ( x ) = 2x + 1

ii. f ( x ) =

x +1
x 1

iii. f ( x ) = 5x 2 + 1

iv. f ( x ) = ( x + 1)( x 4 ) + 3

i. A f = R . f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) 2x1 + 1 = 2x 2 + 1 2x1 = 2x 2 x1 = x 2 f
1-1 R.
ii. A f = R {1} .
: f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 )

x1 + 1 x 2 + 1
=
( x1 + 1)( x 2 1) = ( x1 1)( x 2 + 1)
x1 1 x 2 1

x1 x 2 x1 + x 2 1 = x1 x 2 + x1 x 2 1 2x1 = 2x 2 x1 = x 2
f 1-1 R {1}
iii. A f = R f ( 1) = f (1) = 6 1 1 , f 1-1 R.
iv. A f = R f ( 1) = f ( 4 ) = 3 1 4 , f 1-1 R.

66.

- - 1 1 -

7
f ( x ) = ln (ln x ) .
, .

f x R :
x>0
x>0
x>0

x >1

>
>
ln
x
0
ln
x
ln1

x >1
f (1, + ) .
1-1, : f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) x1 = x 2
: f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) ln ( ln x1 ) = ln (ln x 2 ) ln x1 = ln x 2 x1 = x 2
f R.
y = ln (ln x ) x.
e
e
0
y
y = ln (ln x ) e y = ln x x = e e x > 1 e > 1 e > e e > 0 ,
y .
y

f 1 ( y ) = e e y R .

x , f - 1 x :
y

f 1 ( x ) = ee x R .
x

8
:
. f ( x ) = x 2 + 3 , x < 0

. g(x) = 3x 3 + 1

x <0

. f ( x1 ) = f ( x 2 ) x12 + 3 = x 2 2 + 3 x12 = x 2 2 x1 = x 2 f 1-1

.
y = x 2 + 3 x.

y = x 2 + 3 , x < 0 x = y 3 , x < 0 , y 3
: f 1 ( x ) = x 3 x 3
. g 1-1 R :
g(x1 ) = g(x 2 ) 3x13 + 1 = 3x 23 + 1 3x13 = 3x 2 3 x13 = x 23 x1 = x 2
g :
3 y 1
, y 1

3
y = 3x 3 + 1 3x 3 = y 1 x =
3 y 1
3 , y < 1

67.

- - 1 1 -

3 x 1
, x 1

1
g ( x ) =
3 x 1, x < 1

9
. f : R R R, .
f ( x ) = f 1 ( x ) (1) f ( x ) = x (2) .

4x 3 1
. f ( x ) =

3
f f 1 .

. .
f , 1-1 .
- x 0 R (1).
f ( x 0 ) = f 1 ( x 0 ) , f (f ( x 0 )) = f ( f 1 ( x 0 )) f ( f ( x 0 )) = x 0 (3)
f ( x 0 ) > x 0 f ( f ( x 0 )) > f ( x 0 ) f

f (f ( x 0 )) > x 0 , (3).
f ( x 0 ) < x 0 f ( f ( x 0 )) < f ( x 0 ) f

f (f ( x 0 )) < x 0 , (3).
f ( x 0 ) = x 0 , x 0 (2).
- x 0 R (2).
f ( x 0 ) = x 0 (3) f 1 (f ( x 0 )) = f 1 ( x 0 ) x 0 = f 1 ( x 0 )

(4) .

(3) (4) f ( x 0 ) = f 1 ( x 0 ) x 0 (1). (1), (2)

.
. A f = R
x1 , x 2 R x1 < x 2 :

4x13 1 4x 32 1
<
f ( x1 ) < f ( x 2 ) .
3
3
f R 1-1 R .
x13 < x 32 4x13 < 4x 32 4x13 1 < 4x 32 1

y =

1
4x 3 1
3y + 1
3y + 1
1
3y + 1
, y x = 3
, y<
x3 =
x=3
3
3
3
4
4
4

68.

- - 1 1 -

3 3x + 1
1
, x

4
3.
1 ( )
f x =
3 3x + 1 , x < 1

4
3
f f 1
f ( x ) = f 1 ( x ) . :

f ( x ) = f 1 ( x ) f ( x ) = x 4x 3 3x 1 = 0 x = 1 x =

1
.
2

1 1
C f , C f 1 A (1, f (1)) , B , f
2 2
1 1
A (1,1) B , .
2 2

f 1 ( x ) = f ( x ) (1) f ( x ) = x (2) f
.
1
, f ( x ) = ,
x
1
( , 0 ) (0, + ) , f 1 ( x ) = f ( x ) = f 1 ( x )
x
1
x R * , f ( x ) = x = x x 2 = 1 x = 1 x = 1 .
x
(1) (2).
10
f
1 -1 [-3,3].
N f - 1( 0 ).

f ( -2 ) = 0 f 1 ( 0 ) = f 1 ( f ( 2 )) = 2

11
f : R R f 2 ( x ) f ( x ) f (1 x ) x R (1) .
, f .

(1) x = 0 : f 2 (0 ) f (0 ) f (1) ( 2 ) x = 1 : f 2 (1) f (1) f (0 ) ( 3 )

(2) (3) :

69.

- - 1 1 -

f 2 (0) + f 2 (1) 2f (0) f (1) f 2 (0) + f 2 (1) 2f (0) f (1) 0 (f (0) f (1)) 0 f (0) = f (1).
2

f 1-1 .
.

2
1. f f ( x ) = 4 4x + x . N .

(.: f ( , 2] [2, + ) )

2.

(.: )

3. , f ( x ) =

1
x x +1
3
2
3
x + x +1
2

(.: f.)

4. f f ( x ) = x 3 + x
3, x < 3

(.: f ( x ) =
( ,3 )
2x 3, x 3
[3, + ) . x ( ,3] 3)

5. f f ( x ) = log 2 + 1 + x 2

(.-.: Df = R , x1 < x 2 < 0 0 x1 < x 2 .

f ( ,0 ) [0, + ) ,

70.

- - 1 1 -

x R , x 2 0 ... , .
x = 0 f (0 ) = og3 )

2x 1, x 1
6. f f ( x ) = 2
.
, x > 1
x
i. f .
ii. f.
(.: : x1 < x 2 1 , 1 < x1 < x 2 x1 1 < x 2 )

7. N , :
i. f,g f + g
.
ii. f,g f + g
.
(.: )

8. i. , , f,g ,
fog ( ), .
ii. , , f,g ,
fog ( ), .
(.: 7)

9. f ( x ) =

e
g(x) = 1 - lnx. f - 1og.
1 + ex

(.: A f = R , A g = (0, + ) f 1 ( x ) = n

1 nx
x
, x (0,1) , A f 1og = (1,e ) ( f 1og ) ( x ) = n
)
nx
1 x

10. f : R R R
f (f (x))=x x R . N , : f (x)=x.
(.:, x 0 R f ( x 0 ) > x 0 (1). f f (f ( x 0 )) > f ( x 0 ) (2).
(1) (2) f (f ( x 0 )) > x 0 , .

x 0 R : f ( x 0 ) < x 0 . f ( x ) = x , x R )
y

11. 1 - 1
f.
f - 1 ;
(.: f 1 .
2)

3
2
1
-3

-2
O
-2

71.

- - 1 1 -

12. f ( x ) = ln ( 2x 3) , g ( x ) = x 2 + 3
. f - 1 g - 1 .
. f 1 D g 1

g 1 D f 1

ex + 3
3
(.: A f = , + , A g = [2, + ) , . f 1 ( x ) =
, x R , g 1 ( x ) = ( x 3)2 + 2 , x [3, + )
2

2
.

(f 1og 1 )( x ) = e

( x 3)2

+3

e
1
1
x [3, + ) (g of ) ( x ) =

+3

3 + 2 , x [An3, + ) )

2
13. f f ( f ( x )) = x x + 1 , x R

: . f ( 1 ) = 1,

. g ( x ) = 1 + x 2 xf ( x ) 1 -1.

(.: . x = 1 : f (f (1)) = 1 x = f (1) :

2
f (f ( f (1))) = f 2 (1) f (1) + 1 f (1) = f (1) f (1) + 1 ... f (1) = 1 .

. g ( 0 ) g (1) )

E.

1. f : f ( xy ) = f ( x ) + f ( y ) x , y R

(1)

N :

1
ii. f = -f ( x )
x
iii. M , x f(x) = 0,
s,t , f(s) f(t).
i. f (1) = 0

2. f : R R ( f o f )( x ) = x 2 - x + 1 x R .
:
i. f (1) = 1 ii. g : R R g ( x ) = x 2 - xf ( x ) + 1 .

3. f ( x ) =

210x + 102x

, x R g ( x ) =

10x + 102x

1 + 10x
1 + 10x
i. N g(x) 1 1 .
ii. h ( x ) = f o g -1 ( x ) .

,x R