Bi 2.

Cc php ton trn ma trn

1. Php cng hai ma trn
1.1.1. nh ngha:
Cho A= [ aij ] v B = [bij ] l cc ma trn cng c m n. Tng ca hai ma trn A
v B l ma trn C = [ cij ] c m n trong cij = aij + bij Vi mi i =1,2,3 , m
v j =1,2,3.., n
K hiu C = A +B
V d: Cho hai ma trn
2
0 1

A = 3 4 2
3 6 4
1 0 0
B = 0 2 3
1 2 3

1.1.2. Tnh cht.

Cho A, B, C l cc ma trn cng c m x n trn K khi :
* A +( B+C ) = (A +B ) + C
* A+B=B+A
* A + O m x n = Om x n + A
* A + (-A ) = Omx n
1.2. Php tr ma trn
1.2.1. nh ngha: Cho A v B l cc ma trn cng c m n, hiu ca A v B l
ma trn cng c v vit
A B = A + (- B )
1.2.2. V d
0 1
A = 2 0
1 2

1 2
B = 0 1
2 0

Hy tnh A B = ?
1.3 Php nhn mt s vi ma trn
1.3.1 nh ngha:
Cho A = [ aij ] l ma trn c m n v K . Tch ca vi A l ma trn
B = [ bij ] c m n vi bij = aij
Vi mi i = 1, 2. 3, ,m. v j =1, 2, 3 , n.

* V d: Cho ma trn
1 2
A=

3 i

Khi :
Hy tnh 2A = ? ;
1.3.2. Tnh cht: Cho A, B l cc ma trn cng c m n v , K
* 1. A = A
* ( ) A = ( A)
* ( + ) A = A + A
* ( A + B ) = A + B
1.4 Php nhn hai ma trn

[ ]

[ ]

1.4.1 nh ngha: Cho A = aij c m n v B = b jk c n p , i = 1,2,3,.m ;

j =1,2,3,.,n ;
k= 1,2,3,,p
Tch ca hai ma trn A v B l ma trn C = [ cik ] c m p trong
cik = ai1b1k+ai2b2k + + ainbnk
vi i=1,2,3,, m v
k= 1,2,3,,p
Khi ta k hiu C = AB
* V d: Cho cc ma trn:
1
A=
4
3
B=
0
1
C=
4

2
5
1
4
3 3
2 1
3 7
AB =

12 16
Ta c
11
7
BA =

16 20

1.4.2.Tnh cht:
Ta gi thit rng cc php ton lun thc hin c vi cc ma trn A, B, C, I
trong tng tnh cht.

*Tnh cht 1:
A(BC) = (AB)C
(AB) =( A)B

AI=IA=A
*Tnh cht 2:
(A+B) C =AC + BC
*Tnh cht 3: Mt ma trn nhn vi ma trn khng thnh ma trn khng
( Phn chng minh cc tnh cht sinh vin tham kho gio trnh )