lSBN:980-215-022-3

DCCSIIC LCQ3I:If1022003630927
lnlCSC CH ICS T3IIClCS Cl3fICCS OC FuHO3CICH ClAPA
Av. MCxICC CCH Sul 21, TCllC BCII3S AlICS, C3l3C3S, 1010.
VCHC2uCI3.
WWW.CI3l3.QCv.vC
LA A0klCULTUkA Uk8ANA Y PEklUk8ANA
L3 IOC3 OC OCS3llCII3l I3 3QlICuIIul3 ulO3H3 y ClI ulO3H3
CS CI OC CCHSIluIl vClO3OCl3S "vIIlIH3S", vClO3OCl3S "I3S3S
OC ClC" uC HC SC3H 3ll3SIl3O3S Cl ICS CCHfIICICS CIlII-
CCS CCIIOI3HCS, Cl I3S ulQCHCI3S, Cl CI IHnCOI3IISnC uC
IC IICH3 y IC }uSIIfIC3 ICOC, H3O3 n3S uC 3l3 IClnIH3l
3I323HOCIC ICOC, CluC HC H3y IICnC, CluC SICn-
lC CSI3nCS nuy 3ul3OCS Cl uH3 I3lC3 uC HC SC uC-
OC CSCHCl y CHICHCCS, IC uC SC CSCHC CS CI fuIulC,
I3 CSCl3H23. "uH3S vIIlIH3S" uC QCHClCH vClO3OClCS CfCC-
ICS OCnCSIl3CICH, CCH HCCHCS uC H3OI3H Cl Sl nISnCS,
uCOCH CxICHOClSC lCQlCSIv3nCHIC Cl ICO3 I3 SCCIC-
O3O. ES3 SuCCSICH OC "lCvCIuCICHCS OC CuCH3 CSC3I3"
uCOC ICQl3l SCQul3nCHIC uH3 lCvCIuCICH, uC HC SIQHI-
fIC3 CIl3 CCS3, uC uH3 HuCv3 CSCl3H23 SIH IHSuIICS HI
3nCH323S, HCS v3 CHSCH3HOC 3 Il3HSfCln3l ICS CCHfIICICS
OCSIluCIIvCS CCHfIICICS CCHSIluCIIvCS 3CI3HOC, 3 ICS lC-
CCSCS OC C3nOIC ClSCH3I, 3 I3S lCvCIuCICHCS IHIClIClCS,
OC ICO3 ClSCH3, OC C3O3 CSCuCI3, OC C3O3 CCnuHIO3O.
SIlv3 3OCn3S 3l3 3OlIl uH OI3ICQC SCOlC v3lICS lCOIC-
n3S uC HCy OCOCH I3HIC3lSC. L3 OIvISICH CHIlC CI C3n-
C y I3 CIuO3O, CI HC CxISIIC CH I3S CIvIII23CICHCS
lCIHOuSIlI3ICS, uCS ICO3S SCH CIvIII23CICHCS fuHO3O3S CH
CI CuIIIvC OC I3 IICll3, OICH Cl I3 Q3H3OCll3 C Cl I3 3QlI-
CuIIul3, I3S CIuO3OCS SC fuClCH CCHvIlIICHOC CH CI CCHIlC
OC OCS3llCIIC, nICHIl3S CI C3nC SC n3HIuvC CH CI 3Il3SC
CCH lCI3CICHCS OC lCOuCCICH vIHCuI3O3S 3I I3IIfuHOIC CS
OCCIl 3 Ql3HOCS CxICHSICHCS OC IICll3S CCICS3S y lCICI3-
lICS vIvICHOC CH I3S CIuO3OCS, fuClCH OIvClSCS f3CIClCS uC
CCHIlIOuyClCH 3I SuOOCS3llCIIC OCI C3nC y 3 I3 Il3HSfC-
lCHCI3 OC lCCulSCS OCSOC I3 3QlICuIIul3 H3CI3 I3 CCCHCnl3
ulO3H3.
LuCQC lCQlCSIv3nCHIC SC v3 O3HOC CIlC lCCCSC I3ICS
CCnC I3 SC3l3CICH OC I3 3QlICuIIul3 OC I3 IHOuSIlI3, OC I3
3CIIvIO3O O3HC3lI3 y OCI CCnClCIC, IC uC CCHSIIIuyC I3 Ql3H
OIvISICH SCCI3I OCI Il3O3}C. SInuII3HC3nCHIC I3 CIuO3O SC
SC3l3 OCI C3nC y SC CCHSIIIuyC uH3 lCI3CICH ClICHI3O3
Cl I3 ICHOCHCI3 3 uC I3 SCCICO3O SCnCIC 3I C3nC, 3Sl
CCnC CH IClnIHCS I3HCI3lICS, ICS 3lSCS uC SC v3H
IHOuSIlI3II23HOC, v3H SCnCIICHOC vICICHI3nCHIC 3 I3S lC-
QICHCS HCnISfClIC3S, I3S uC SC v3H SuOOCS3llCII3HOC.
EI I3IIfuHOIC y CI nIHIfuHOIC SIQuCH SICHOC lCOICn3S OC
I3 n3S ulQCHIC SCIuCICH, CSI3OICCICHOC CCHSCHSCS CH ICl-
HC 3 I3 SIIu3CICH OC ICS Ql3HOCS CCnIC}CS 3QlCIHOuSIlI3ICS,
uC QCHCl3H nCHCCuIIIvCS Ill3CICH3ICS, 3QCI3nICHIC OC
ICS SuCICS, uH CCHSI3HIC y ClCCICHIC uSC OC n3uIH3lI3S y
CICnCHICS 3QlCulnICCS 3II3nCHIC CCHI3nIH3HICS. HCy
CSI3 I3HIC3O3 uH3 Ql3H lCQuHI3 CCnC H3CCl SuSICHI3-
OIC CCH I3 vIO3 OC ICS Ql3HOCS CCCSISICn3S 3 ICS Ql3HOCS
CCnIC}CS 3QlCIHOuSIlI3ICS?. CCnC H3CClICS CCn3IIOICS
CCH CI n3S InClI3HIC CCCSISICn3 uC CS I3 vIO3 CH QCHC-
l3I y I3 vIO3 Hun3H3 CH 3lIICuI3l?.
L3 CIl3 Ql3H lCfICxICH uC CSI3 I3HIC3O3, CS I3 lCCSIluC-
Iul3CICH ulO3H3 CCCICQIC3, uC OCOC SCl 3HIC ICOC uH3
I3lC3 ClC3IIv3.
ES InClI3HIC SuCl3l I3 vISICH OC ICS 3SCCICS fuHCICH3-
ICS C CSICIICCS OC I3 CIuO3O lCOuCIOCS 3 I3 CxlCSICH OC
uH3 CCHCCCICH IIHC3I y SCCIClI3I. PuCSIC uC I3 n3yCll3
OC I3S lCI3CICHCS H3Iul3ICS y ClCIIC3S OC I3 3luIICCIul3, CI
ulO3HISnC y ICS SISICn3S ICCHICCS y3 HC SC uCOCH CxC-
lInCHI3l nCOI3HIC ICS SCHIIOCS, I3 SCHSIOIIIO3O y I3 lCS-
CHS3OIIIO3O SC OCOIIII3H y SulQC I3 IHOIfClCHCI3 lCSCCIC
OC IC CS OuCHC y n3IC 3l3 I3 vIO3.
klCAUkTE LE0NETT
PkL000
SC H3 OCCIOIOC InlInIl CH VCHC2uCI3 uH3 COICICH OCI
M3Hu3I TCCHICC OC OlQ3HCCHICCS y HuClICS lHICHSIvCS
vIQCHIC CH CuO3 3HIC CI IHIClCS n3HIfCSI3OC Cl ICS ICCHI-
CCS, fuHCICH3lICS y lCOuCIClCS 3QllCCI3S y I3 HCCCSIO3O
OC OCS3llCII3l CSI3S ICCHCICQl3S CH CI 3lS. ES Cl CSI3 l3-
2CH uC HCnCS HCCHC uH CSfuCl2C CH 3O3I3l IC n3S
CSIOIC 3 I3S CCHOICICHCS OC VCHC2uCI3, y3 uC nuCHCS
HCnOlCS vuIQ3lCS OC CuIIIvCS C3nOI3H, 3Sl CCnC I3S CC-
C3S OC SICnOl3 3l3 CII3l SCIC OCS C}CnICS.
NC COSI3HIC ICS CCHCCICS OC I3 COICICH CuO3H3 SC n3H-
IICHCH.
EH CI fuIulC SC ClfCCCICH3l3 CSIC M3Hu3I uH3 vC2 uC
uCO3 CHlIuCCClSC CCH CxClICHCI3S ICC3ICS, I3HIC lC-
OuCIIv3S CCnC CxClInCHI3ICS.
EH I3 3OCCu3CICH OC CSIC M3Hu3I H3H 3lIICI3OC ICS Cx-
ClICS CuO3HCS uC IHICI3H I3 CCI3OCl3CICH CH VCHC2uCI3
CH CSIC C3nC: I3 Dl3. MIlI3n C3llICH P3nllC2, CI CCHCl3I
IlI MCISCS SIC WCHQ, CI lHQ. MIQuCI AHQCI S3ICIHCS LCC2 y
CI uC SuSClIOC.
AQl3OCCCnCS 3I lHQ. PCOlC PCHSC Su 3CyC 3l3 H3CCl
CSIOIC I3 lClCOuCCICH OC CSI3 COl3 3 Il3vCS OCI ClAPA.
ESI3 COICICH CCH}uHI3 lNlFAT/ClAPA CSCl3nCS SIlv3 OC
3yuO3 3I OCS3llCIIC uIIClICl OC I3 AQlICuIIul3 UlO3H3 CH
VCHC2uCI3, CH CSCCI3I CH IC lCfClCHIC 3 I3 lCOuCCICH IH-
ICHSIv3 OC HClI3II23S.
SI 3Sl lCSuII3 HCS SCHIIlCnCS lCCCnCHS3OCS.
Dr. Adolfo kodrguez NodalS
Dlrector 0eneral de lNlFAT
Jefe del 0rupo Naclonal de Agrlcultura Urbana en
Cuba.
CaracaS, abrll del 2003.
EL DE5Akk0LL0 DEL Pk00kAMA DE A0klCULTUkA
Uk8ANA Y PEklUk8ANA C0M0 E5TkATE0lA PAkA
ATACAk Pk08LEMA5 CkNlC05 DE LA5 ClUDADE5
L3 3IInCHI3CICH CS uH DClCCHC Hun3HC B3SICC, CH I3I SCH-
IIOC I3 SCQulIO3O AIInCHI3lI3 CHICHOIO3 CCnC I3 Q3l3HIl3
OCI 3CCCSC flSICC y CCCHCnICC CClIuHC y SufICICHIC OC
3IInCHICS, uC CuOl3H I3S HCCCSIO3OCS fISICICQIC3S y CuIIu-
l3ICS OC I3 COI3CICH y ClnII3 uH3 vIO3 S3IuO3OIC, SC CCHS-
IIIuyC CH uH3 lCSCHS3OIIIO3O OCI ESI3OC VCHC2CI3HC, y
uH CICHIC CSIInuIC CH CI 3uHI3I3nICHIC OC I3 ESIl3IC-
QI3 OC DCS3llCIIC N3CICH3I.
ES lCSCHS3OIIIO3O OC I3 HuCv3 SCCICO3O uC SC lCfIQul3
CH HuCSIl3 CCHSIIIuCICH BCIIv3lI3H3 Q3l3HII23l I3nOICH CI
OClCCHC uC IICHC I3S H3CICHCS IIOlCS C IHOCCHOICHICS
OC n3HICHCl y OCS3llCII3l Su lCI3 C33CIO3O 3l3 lC-
OuCIl CH SuS ICllIIClICS, OC n3HCl3 3uICHCn3, ICS 3IInCH-
ICS uC CCHSunCH SuS uCOICS, lCSCI3HOC Su OIvClSIO3O
lCOuCIIv3 y CuIIul3I. ESIC OClCCHC IC CCHCCCnCS CCnC
CI OClCCHC 3 I3 SCOCl3Hl3 AIInCHI3lI3.
L3 OCCI3l3CICH OC TCQuCIQ3I3 CH 1999, lCOuCIO3 Cl I3
ClQ3HI23CICH IHIClH3CICH3I OC ICS C3nCSIHCS, CCHCCIO3
CCnC Vl3 C3nCSIH3, SCH3I3: uC "I3 SCQulIO3O AIInCHI3lI3
OCCHOC OC ICS uC lCOuCCH 3IInCHICS y CuIO3H CI nC-
OIC 3nOICHIC H3Iul3I". AI OCCHOCl CSI3 OC ICS uC lC-
OuCCH 3IInCHICS, CS HCCCS3lIC v3ICl3l CCCHCnIC3 y SCCI3I-
nCHIC CI Il3O3}C OC lCOuCIlICS y CuIO3l CI nCOIC 3nOICH-
IC, 3Sl CCnC nCIIv3l 3 I3S CCnuHIO3OCS y ClQ3HI23lI3S 3l3
uC SC SunCH 3 I3 lCOuCCICH, ClC3HOC uH3 HuCv3 CIuO3-
O3Hl3 lCOuCIIv3. ES lCSCHS3OIIIO3O OCI CCOIClHC Q3l3H-
II23l I3S IHvClSICHCS HCCCS3lI3S, uC ClnII3H CI OCS3llC-
IIC OC I3 IHfl3CSIluCIul3 lCOuCIIv3 y CI 3CCCSC 3 CII3 OC I3S
SCCIClCS CuI3lCS, CH CS3 I3lC3 SC CHCuCHIl3 CI CnCHC
OC ICOCS ICS uC ClCCH CH uH3 P3IlI3 BuCH3 y CH CSCCI3I
CH uH3 C3l3C3S BCHII3.
P3l3 CCHClCI3l CSIC lCCSIIC SC H3H CCHCCOIOC CI OCS3-
llCIIC OC lCQl3n3S SCCIC-lCOuCIIvCS CCH uH3 vISICH n3S
CClC3H3 3 ICS IHIClCSCS OC I3S f3nIII3S COlCS OC I3S CIuO3-
OCS, CCnC CI PlCQl3n3 OC AQlICuIIul3 UlO3H3 y PClI-UlO3-
H3, CI Cu3I 3OuIClC uH3 3II3 lCICv3HCI3 CH ICS I3HCS OC
QCSIICH OC ICS CS3CICS ICC3ICS, OCHOC uH HuCvC nCOCIC
OC OCS3llCIIC SCCICCCCHCnICC SC CSI3 ClfII3HOC, I3I CS
C3SC OCI PI3H B3llIC AOCHIlC lCnCvIOC Cl I3 AIC3IOl3
OCI MuHICIIC LIOClI3OCl, 3 Il3vCS OCI lHSIIIuIC OC DCS3-
llCIIC LCC3I.
L3 3QlICuIIul3 ulO3H3 lCOuCC lIHCI3InCHIC 3IInCHICS
y QCHCl3 CnICC lCOuCIIvC, O3S3OC CH CI CSfuCl2C OC I3S
ClQ3HI23CICHCS SCCI3ICS, lIHCI3InCHIC CCCCl3IIv3S, uC
CS I3 lCuCSI3 uC IICv3nCS 3OCI3HIC, y lCSCHI3 uH3 SIQ-
HIfIC3IIv3 vCHI3}3 CCn3l3IIv3 CCH lCI3CICH 3 CIl3S fuCH-
ICS OC 3O3SICCInICHICS OC lCOuCICS, I3HIC 3l3 CI lC-
OuCICl, CCnC CI CCHSunIOCl. ESI3 OCn3HO3 lCuIClC OC
I3 QCSIICH OIIC3 ICC3I uH3 HuCv3 ClSCCIIv3 CH I3 Cu3I
ICS lCQl3n3S OC 3QlICuIIul3 ulO3H3 SC IHICQlCH 3I I3H
OC QCSIICH ICC3I, OCHIlC OC uH3 CIlIIC3 OC SCQulIO3O
3IInCHI3lI3.
DCSOC CSI3 ClSCCIIv3, I3 AQlICuIIul3 UlO3H3 IICHC uH
InClI3HIC 3CI uC CunIIl OCHIlC OC uH3 CSIl3ICQI3
OC CCnO3IC 3I H3nOlC y 3 I3 COlC23, Q3l3HII23HOC 3CCC-
SC 3 ICS 3IInCHICS 3 I3S COI3CICHCS OC nCHClCS IHQlCSCS,
lCOuCICHOC CI lCCIC OC ICS nISnCS, 3CClC3HOC
CS3CI3InCHIC I3 lCOuCCICH 3I CCHSunC, QCHCl3HOC Cn-
ICC 3I 3I3C3l I3 OCSCCu3CICH, ClC3HOC CH CCHSCCuCHCI3
3CCCSC 3 uH IHQlCSC Cln3HCHIC y OC C3IIO3O, 3Sl CCnC,
lCOuCICHOC uH3 CxIl3ClOIH3lI3 CCHIlIOuCICH CH CI S3HC3-
nICHIC OC CS3CICS lCCuCl3HOC y f3vClCCICHOC uH nC-
I3OCIISnC nCHCS IIHC3I OC I3 CIuO3O.
Freddy 8ernal
Alcalde 8ollvarlano del Munlclplo Llbertador
CaracaS Mayo 2003
LA A0klCULTUkA Uk8ANA Y PEkl Uk8ANA E5 UN
EJEMPL0 DE TkA8AJ0 C0LECTlV0 PAkA DAk 5E0Ukl
DAD ALlMENTAklA
L3 3QlICuIIul3 ulO3H3 y ClI ulO3H3, CS uH3 CnlCS3 uC
IICHC CICnCHICS IHIClCS3HICS OC 3H3II23l, CCnC CI OC CCu-
3l ICS CS3CICS CCICSCS OCHIlC OC I3S Ql3HOCS CIuO3OCS,
uC 3 ICS nuHICIICS IC CS CHClCSC n3HICHCl, QCHCl3l
CnICC, nC}Cl3l CI CHIClHC I3nOICHI3I y vISu3InCHICI,
CflCCCl lCOuCICS flCSCCS y H3Iul3ICS y C3nOI3l I3 3CII-
IuO CH I3 QCHIC, I3HIC I3 uC Il3O3}3 CH I3 CnlCS3 CCnC
OCI Il3HSCHIC. AOCn3S ICHCnCS uC ICn3l CH CuCHI3
uC, 3H Cu3HOC HuCSIlC 3lS CS CH uH CICv3OC lHOICC ul-
O3HC, ISC C3ICuI3 CH uH 80I, nuCHCS OC ICS CII3OIHCS IIC-
HCH l3lCCS lul3ICS, y3 uC lCCCOCH OC f3nIII3S OC C3nC-
SIHCS y 3QlICuIIClCS, Cl IC uC CSIC lCQl3n3, CCH SCQu-
lIO3O, ICS Il3Cl3 lCCuClOCS OICH I3CCHIClCS.
PClC IC n3S InClI3HIC OC CSIC CS uC HCS CHSCH3 uC
ICOCS ICHCnCS I3 C33CIO3O y lCSCHS3OIIIO3O OC lCOu-
CIl HuCSIlCS lCICS 3IInCHICS CCnC 3SuHIC OC SCQulIO3O
CSIl3ICQIC3, y HC InClI3 OCHOC HI CCnC . DC HCCHC, CI
SCl Hun3HC CH I3 OSuCO3 OC 3IInCHICS fuC nCIOC3HOC,
OCnCSIIC3HOC, y 3O3I3HOC CS3CICS, I3HI3S y 3HIn3ICS
3l3 ICHClICS 3 n3HC, OC 3IIl SulQC IC uC HCy COCnCS
OCCIl 3QlICuIIul3 ulO3H3 y ClI ulO3H3.
DCHIlC OCI lCCCSC lCvCIuCICH3lIC y OCIIv3lI3HC, SC CSI3-
OICCC I3 3lIICI3CICH OC I3 QCHIC CH I3 ICn3 OC OCCISIC-
HCS, y 3l3 COCl IICv3l 3 C3OC CSI3 I3lC3 CI QCOIClHC H3-
CICH3I CSI3 nCHI3HOC I3I3fCln3S CIlIIC3S, CCCHCnIC3S
y SCCI3ICS 3 Il3vCS OC IHSIlunCHICS ICQ3ICS 3l3 OCS3llC-
II3l ICS I3HCS, lCQl3n3S y lCyCCICS 3l3 uC I3 QCHIC
SC 3lCIC OC CIICS y QCHClC 3CIIIuOCS OC CC-lCSCHS3OIII-
O3O y OICHCSI3l. L3 3QlICuIIul3 ulO3H3 y ClI ulO3H3 CS uH
C}CnIC OC CSIC: Il3O3}3l CCICCIIv3nCHIC 3l3 O3l SCQulI-
O3O 3IInCHI3lI3 3 I3S 2CH3S OC IHfIuCHCI3 OCHOC SC C}CCu-
ICH.
P3l3 uC CSIC lCQl3n3 ICHQ3 CI CxIIC CSCl3OC OCOC-
nCS CCnCH23l Cl I3 Il3HSfClCHCI3 OC CCHCCInICHICS, I3
C33CII3CICH y I3 IHfCln3CICH 3l3 OIfuHOIlI3S 3 ICOCS. CCH
CSIC lInCl n3Hu3I uC SC COII3 CH VCHC2uCI3, CCH ICS
3ClICS y CxClICHCI3S OC HuCSIlCS HCln3HCS CuO3HCS,
CSI3nCS O3HOC uH InClI3HIC 3SC CH CSC 3SCCIC. AHC-
l3 USICO IICHC CH SuS n3HCS CSIC v3IICSC IHSIlunCHIC 3l3
OCS3llCII3l CI lCQl3n3... CCH Su CCnlCnISC, CCH Su lCS-
CHS3OIIIO3O.
lng. Leonardo 0ll Mora
Dlrector 0eneral Fundacln ClAkA
lNTk0DUCClN
EH I3S IIIn3S OCC3O3S SC lCSCHI3 CI fCHCnCHC OC I3 CnI-
Ql3CICH OC I3S ClSCH3S OC 2CH3S lul3ICS H3CI3 I3S CIuO3-
OCS CH ICO3S I3S lCQICHCS OCI nuHOC. LCS lHOICCS n3HI-
fICSI3H 3IlCOCOCl uC I3 nCOI3 nuHOI3I CSI3 CH uH 45
3l3 CI 3HC 2000 y SC lCyCCI3 H3SI3 uH 62 CH CI 3HC
2020. PClC Cu3HOC SC Cx3nIH3H ICS O3ICS Cl lCQICHCS SC
COSClv3 uC OC uH 70 3 75 SC CSCl3 CH ICS lCxInCS
3HCS CH AnClIC3 L3IIH3 y CSCCI3InCHIC CH VCHC2uCI3 CSIC
HnClC 3IC3H23 CI 87 .
CCH CSIC I3S OCn3HO3S OC 3IInCHICS, CSCCI3InCHIC ICS
HClIlCCI3S, v3H CH ClCCInICHIC CCHIIHuC. AHIC CSIC 3HC-
l3n3 SC H3 OCS3llCII3OC I3 lCOuCCICH OC 3IInCHICS CH I3S
2CH3S ulO3H3S, 3Sl l3CIIC3nCHIC CH ICO3S I3S CIuO3OCS
OCI nuHOC I3 3QlICuIIul3 CCCxISIC CCH I3 vIO3 ulO3H3 OC
l3IOC lIInC. SC CCHCCC uC CH NuCv3 YClk y3 SC COSCl-
v3H }3lOIHCS OC HClI3II23S 3I IQu3I uC CH BClIlH. EH CHIH3
CS uH3 l3CIIC3 uC 3O3SICCC I3 n3yCll3 OC I3S vClOul3S
OCn3HO3O3S y CH CuO3 SC CxICI3H 3IlCOCOCl OC 13 nII
HCCI3lC3S 3l3 I3 lCOuCCICH OC HClI3II23S flCSC3S.
L3 AQlICuIIul3 UlO3H3 IICHOC 3 SCl n3S ClQ3HIC3 uC I3
lul3I. ESI3 3fIln3CICH SC CCHSI3I3 CH I3 OCfIHICICH OC CSI3
fCln3 OC lCOuCIl 3IInCHICS: " L3 lCOuCCICH OC 3IInCH-
ICS OCHIlC OCI CllnCIlC ulO3HC y ClIulO3HC 3IIC3HOC
nCICOCS IHICHSIvCS, ICHICHOC CH CuCHI3 I3 IHICllCI3CICH
HCnOlC - CuIIIvC - 3HIn3I - nCOIC 3nOICHIC y I3S f3CIIIO3-
OCS OC I3 IHfl3CSIluCIul3 ulO3HlSIIC3 uC lCICI3H I3 CS-
I3OIIIO3O OC I3 fuCl23 OC Il3O3}C y I3 lCOuCCICH
OIvClSIfIC3O3 OC CuIIIvCS y 3HIn3ICS Oul3HIC ICOC CI 3HC,
O3S3O3S CH l3CIIC3S SCSICHIOICS uC ClnII3H CI lCCICI3}C
OC ICS OCSCCHCS".
TCn3HOC CH CuCHI3 ICS 3SCCICS O3SICCS OC I3 OCfIHICICH
I3S fCln3S OC lCOuCIl I3S HClI3II23S CH CI 3nOIIC ulO3HC
I3 CCHSIIIuyCH ICS CuIIIvCS IHICHSIvCS SCOlC SuSIl3ICS Cl-
Q3HICCS COICHIOCS nC2CI3HOC OIfClCHICS fuCHICS CCH CI
SuCIC OCI IuQ3l, CH SIIICS v3ClCS OC I3S CIuO3OCS y CH SuCICS
CHlIuCCIOCS CCH 3OuHO3HIC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3. AnO3S
fCln3S 3ClI3H 3IICS lCHOInICHICS ClC lCuIClCH OC
CuIO3OCS y OCOIC3CICH }uHIC 3 uH3 OISCIIIH3 ICCHCICQIC3
uC ClnIIIl3 3 ICS lCOuCIClCS CCHSClv3l I3 fClIIIIO3O,
COICHCl IHQlCSCS CCHSIOCl3OICS y uH3 fuCHIC OC CnICC
SCQul3.
EH CI lCSCHIC M3Hu3I SC CxlCS3H ICS lIHCIICS O3SICCS
3l3 I3 CxICI3CICH OC ClQ3HCCHICCS y HuClICS IHICHSI-
vCS CH I3 lCOuCCICH IHICHSIv3 OC HClI3II23S. EI nISnC OCOC
SCl CSIuOI3OC CCH nuCH3 lCfuHOIO3O 3l3 3O3I3lIC 3
C3O3 SIIu3CICH 3lIICuI3l OC CIIn3, 3IIIIuO, SuCIC y lCCul-
SCS ICC3ICS OISCHIOICS 3l3 I3 COICHCICH OC 3IICS lCHOI-
nICHICS y C3IIO3O OC I3S CCSCCH3S.
0rupo Tcnlco Naclonal de Agrlcultura Urbana
#
ELEMENT05 8A5lC05
PAkA LA C0N5TkUCClN
DE 0k0AN0PNlC05
Y EL F0MENT0 DE L05 HUEkT05 lNTEN5lV05.
EI ClQ3HCCHICC CS I3 ICCHIC3 OC CuIIIvC CSI3OICCIO3 SC-
OlC SuSIl3ICS lC3l3OCS nC2CI3HOC n3IClI3ICS ClQ3HICCS
CCH C33 vCQCI3I, ICS Cu3ICS SC CCICC3H OCHIlC OC CCHIC-
HCOClCS, C3n3S, O3lO3CC3S C C3HIClCS y SC IHSI3I3H CH Iu-
Q3lCS C CS3CICS v3ClCS, CH I3S 2CH3S OCHS3nCHIC COI3-
O3S, OCHOC CI SuCIC lCSuII3 InlCOuCIIvC Cl OIvClS3S l3-
2CHCS.
EI HuClIC IHICHSIvC SC ClQ3HI23 SCOlC C3HIClCS CCHSIluI-
OCS "IH SIIu", SIH uIIII23l Qu3lOCl3S, CCSI3HCl3S u CIlC IIC
OC CSIluCIul3S uC ICS CCHfClnCH I3ICl3InCHIC. CCHSII-
IuyCH uH "SISICn3 3OIClIC" 3I ICHCl I3S I3HI3S y ICS lCCC-
SCS uC SC OCS3llCII3H CH Su nCOIC OC ClCCInICHIC IC3HIC-
lCI uH3 vIHCuI3CICH OIlCCI3 CCH CI SuCIC.
P3l3 I3 CCHSIluCCICH y uOIC3CICH OC ICS ClQ3HCCHICCS y
ICS HuClICS IHICHSIvCS SC OCOCH ICHCl CH CuCHI3 ICS SI-
QuICHICS 3SCCICS:
l. Para loS organopnlcoS:
1. Locallzacln
3I L3 CCHSIluCCICH SC OCOC lC3II23l CH 3lC3S InlCOuCII-
v3S y, lCfClCHICnCHIC, I3H3S.
OI LC n3S CClC3H3 CSIOIC 3 ICS OCSIIH3I3lICS OC I3 lC-
OuCCICH fIH3I, IC uC CvII3 CI Il3HSClIC OCSOC IuQ3lCS
IC}3HCS, CCH CI CCHSIQuICHIC OCIClIClC OC ICS lCOuC-
ICS.
CI SIH 3lOCICS IHIClC3I3OCS 3l3 CvII3l I3 SCnOl3 y CI CfCC-
IC O3HIHC OC SuS l3lCCS.
$
OI EH I3S 2CH3S OC nuCHC vICHIC, OuSC3l uH IuQ3l lCIC-
QIOC Cl uH3 CClIIH3 OC 3lOCICS C CCHSIluIl 3IQuH3 lC-
ICCCICH CCIIC3.
CI EH 3lC3S CCH OuCH OlCH3}C SuClfICI3I y lCICQIO3S
CCHIl3 CCllICHICS OC 3Qu3 y CSIOICS IHuHO3CICHCS.
2. DlSeno conStructlvo
EI I3H QCHCl3I OCOC IHICQl3lSC 3 I3 CSICIIC3 OCI CHIClHC y
CI lCyCCIC CCHSIluCIIvC ICHCl uH CCHIlCI y uH3 C}CCuCICH
I3HIfIC3OCS.
P3l3 CCHSIluIl C CCHfCln3l ICS C3HIClCS, C3n3S C O3lO3-
CC3S H3y OIvClS3S v3lI3HICS, CHIlC I3S uC fIQul3H:
USC OC CSICS OC CCHClCIC u HClnIQCH OCfCCIuCSCS, uC
f3CIIIICH I3 CCHfCln3CICH OC I3S Qu3lOCl3S. CCH CI nISnC
lCCSIIC SC uIIII23H OICuCS, I3OlIIICS OC n3IClI3ICS 3IICl-
H3IIvCS y ICOl3S.
USC OC C3H3ICI3S OC 3SOCSIC - CCnCHIC IlIHCI3InCHIC CH
32CIC3S C I3I3O3HO3S I.
3. Drenaje
F3vClCCCl CI OlCH3}C CCH Ql3v3, IuOCS, ICOl3S u CIlCS,
fuHO3nCHI3InCHIC CH ICllCHCS O3}CS. EH 3lC3S CCH OuCH
OlCH3}C, C SI SC C3lCCC OC CSICS n3IClI3ICS, lCnCvCl CCH
CSC3lOIII3, ICC C 3l3OC uHCS 30 Cn. OCI SuCIC. L3 CHOICH-
IC OCI C3HIClC SCl3 H3SI3 2 Cl 1000 I2/1000I .
4. 0rlentacln
LCS C3HIClCS SC ClICHI3l3H CH lCI3CICH CCH Su ICHQIIuO,
SICnlC uC SC3 CSIOIC, CH SCHIIOC HClIC-Sul.
%
5. DlmenSloneS de canteroS y paSllloS
LCHQIIuO: NC CxCCOCl ICS 40 n
AHCHC :1,2 n. OC C3HIClC CfCCIIvC
PlCfuHOIO3O:0,3 n. OC SuSIl3IC CfCCIIvC
AHCHC OC ICS 3SIIICS:0,5 n.
ll. Para loS huertoS lntenSlvoS:
1. Locallzacln
3I UOIC3l CI HuClIC IHICHSIvC CH SuCICS CCH OuCH3 fClIIII-
O3O, CH CI uC I3S lCICO3OCS flSIC3S f3CIIIICH CI OlCH3-
}C y I3 flI3OIIIO3O.
OI EI 3lC3 HC OCOC CSI3l lCCHS3 3 IHuHO3CICHCS C 3ll3S-
IlCS Cl CCllICHICS OC 3Qu3S SuClfICI3ICS.
CI ESI3l IIOlC OC CxCCSIv3 SCnOl3, lCvCC3O3 Cl 3lOCICS
C COIfICICS.
OI TCHCl OISCHIOIIIO3O OC 3Qu3, CCH I3 C3IIO3O HCCCS3lI3
3l3 Su uSC l3CICH3I CH CI lICQC.
CI UOIC3OC CClC3 OC HCICCS COI3CICH3ICS. AOCn3S OCOC
ICHCl f3CII 3CCCSC 3I fIu}C OC ICS OCSIIH3I3lICS OC I3 lC-
OuCCICH fIH3I.
EI I3n3HC OCI HuClIC IHICHSIvC v3ll3 OC 3CuClOC CCH CI
3lC3 CxISICHIC, I3 OISCHIOIIIO3O OC 3Qu3 y CI vCIunCH OC
lCOuCCICH HCCCS3lICS: uCOC ICHCl CHIlC 3IQuHCS CICH-
ICS OC nCIlCS Cu3Ol3OCS, H3SI3 n3S OC uH3 HCCI3lC3, 3uH-
uC HC lCSuII3H nuy 3CCHSC}3OICS ICS HuClICS CxIlCn3O3-
nCHIC Ql3HOCS, O3OC uC HCCCSII3H ClSCH3I 3OnIHISIl3-
IIvC y lCCulSCS n3IClI3ICS CCSICSCS y, Cl IC QCHCl3I, I3
CfICICHCI3 OISnIHuyC. Cu3HOC SC lCSCHI3 I3 HCCCSIO3O OC
uH 3lC3 CCHSIOCl3OIC OC HuClIC IHICHSIvC, CH fCln3 CCn-
3CI3, CS lCfClIOIC SuOOIvIOIlI3 CH 3lC3S nCHClCS.
&
2. Preparacln del cantero para la Slembra
CCHSIIIuyC uH3 OC I3S CCl3CICHCS OC n3yCl lCSCHS3OIII-
O3O CH I3 CxICI3CICH OCI HuClIC IHICHSIvC. DC Su C3IIO3O
OCCHOC CI CxIIC OC I3 lCOuCCICH y I3 CSI3OIIIO3O OC ICS
lCHOInICHICS CH SuCCSIv3S CCSCCH3S.
UH3 vC2 SCICCCICH3O3 CI 3lC3, OC 3CuClOC CCH ICS lCuISI-
ICS CSI3OICCIOCS, SC lCCCOC 3 I3 lC3l3CICH O3SIC3 OCI
SuCIC.
P3l3 ICS HuClICS Ql3HOCS, SC IHCIuyC I3 SuOSCI3CICH y 3l3-
Oul3 lCfuHO3, CH fCln3 nCC3HI23O3 C CCH Il3CCICH 3HI-
n3I.
Para huertoS pequenoS, CS HCCCS3lI3 uH3 lC3l3CICH, 3
I3 n3yCl lCfuHOIO3O CSIOIC, CCH ICC y/C CSC3lOIII3.
EH 3nOCS C3SCS, SICnlC H3y uC ICHCl lCSCHIC uC I3
flI3OIIIO3O y 3IlC3CICH CH CI ICCHC C C3n3 OC SICnOl3 CS
InlCSCIHOIOIC 3l3 I3 COICHCICH OC 3IICS lCHOInICHICS.
DCSuCS OC lC3l3OC y HIvCI3OC CI SuCIC, SC lCCCOC 3 I3
fCln3CICH OC ICS C3HIClCS, C3n3S C O3lO3CC3S, uS3HOC uH3
OC CSI3S ICCHIC3S:
al El tradlclonal cantero, cama o barbacoa. ConSlSte
en la apllcacln y mezcla de materla orgnlca con
el Suelo. L3 C3HIIO3O OC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 uC SC OCOC
3IIC3l OCOC SCl SuClICl 3 10 kQ/n2 I100 I/H3 I.
bl La tcnlca del cantero chlno. CCHSISIC CH CxIl3Cl
ICS 30 Cn SuClIClCS OC I3 C33 OCI SuCIC, CCHIIHu3l
lCnCvICHOC CCH ICC y/C CSC3lOIII3 u CIl3 HCll3nICHI3
SInII3l CIlCS 30 Cn y OCSC3lI3l CSI3 IIIn3 fl3CCICH OC
SuCIC. MC2CI3l CI SuCIC CxIl3lOC OC ICS lInClCS 30 Cn
CCH n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3, CH lCClCICH 1:1 y OCCSII3l
CSI3 nC2CI3 CH CI IuQ3l OC ClIQCH OCI SuCIC, 3Sl uCO3
CCHfCln3OC CI C3HIClC. CCH CI uSC OCI C3HIClC CHIHC,
SC uCOC lCSCIHOIl OC I3 lC3l3CICH O3SIC3 OCI SuCIC.
'
cl USo de cScara de arroz. CCHSISIC CH OCCSII3l CH
I3 SuClfICIC OCI SuCIC, y3 lC3l3OC y HIvCI3OC, uH3 C33
OC 10 3 30 Cn OC CSIC lCSIOuC OC I3 IHOuSIlI3 3llCCCl3.
L3 C3SC3l3 OC 3llC2 SC uCn3 ICHI3nCHIC y CSIClICl-
nCHIC SC lCCCOC 3 I3 CCHfCln3CICH OC ICS C3HIClCS,
y3 SC3 OIlCCI3nCHIC SCOlC CI lCOuCIC OC I3 CCnOuS-
IICH C nC2CI3HOC CSIC CCH I3 C33 SuClfICI3I OCI SuCIC.
3. 0rlentacln de loS canteroS
SICnlC OCOCH CCICC3lSC OC HClIC 3 Sul CH Su ICHQIIuO.
EH ICOCS ICS C3SCS, CS InlCSCIHOIOIC uC ICS C3HIClCS SC3H
ClICHI3OCS, CH Su ICHQIIuO, Il3HSvClS3InCHIC 3 I3 CHOICH-
IC lCOCnIH3HIC CH CI ICllCHC. SI CSIC HC fuCl3 CSIOIC,
CHICHCCS SC lCCCOCl3 3 fCln3l C3HIClCS OC CClI3 ICHQI-
IuO. ESI3 l3CIIC3 CCHIlIOuyC, CH Ql3H nCOIO3, 3 I3 CCH-
SClv3CICH OC ICS SuCICS y CCH CIIC, 3 I3 Q3l3HIl3 OC 3IICS
lCHOInICHICS.
EH C3SCS CxCCCICH3ICS, SC uIIII23 I3 SICnOl3 CH SulCCS CH
CI HuClIC IHICHSIvC, CH 3IQuHCS CuIIIvCS CCnC CI
uInOCnOC, C CCH CI fIH OC uS3l 3lC3S CH f3SC OC lCH3OI-
III3CICH C lC3l3CICH OC C3HIClCS, SICnlC SCOlC I3 O3SC
OC I3 CxICI3CICH IHICHSIv3.
EI f3CICl OCCISIvC CH I3 CSI3OIIIO3O OC ICS 3IICS lCHOInICH-
ICS, CH I3S SuCCSIv3S CCSCCH3S OC ICS HuClICS IHICHSIvCS,
CSI3 OCIClnIH3OC Cl I3 CCHSI3HCI3 y OISCIIIH3 OC I3S 3C-
IIvIO3OCS CSCCSCCH3 CCH CI CO}CIIvC OC lCSIIIuIl I3 fClII-
IIO3O OCI C3HIClC, IC Cu3I v3, OCSOC CI I3OClCC, 3l3 O3lIC
I3S CCHOICICHCS flSIC3S HCCCS3lI3S, uC IHCIuyCH I3
SuOSCI3CICH IIQCl3, H3SI3 I3 3IIC3CICH OC n3IClI3 ClQ3HI-
C3, 3HICS OC I3 lCxIn3 SICnOl3, uC HC OCOC SCl IHfClICl
3 1 kQ/n2.
EH C3SC OC OCfICII OC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 3l3 lCSIIIuIl I3
fClIIIIO3O OCI C3HIClC, CSI3 uCOC SCl 3IIC3O3 ICC3InCH-
IC, CH CI ICCHC OC SICnOl3 OC I3 I3HIuI3 C OC I3 SCnIII3.

T3HIC CH CI C3SC OC ICS HuClICS IHICHSIvCS CCnC CH ICS

ClQ3HCCHICCS, SC OCOC ICQl3l uH CIInC 3lCvCCH3nICH-
IC OCI 3lC3 CCnC, Cl C}CnIC, SCnOl3l CH I3 ClIfClI3,
3lCvCCH3l I3 CClC3 3l3 I3HI3l v3IHII3S, CH3yCI3 u CIlCS
CuIIIvCS HClIlCCI3S IlC3OClCS, CHIlC CIl3S l3CIIC3S.
5U5TkAT05.
CAkACTEk5TlCA5 Y C0N5EkVACl0N DE LA FEkTlLl
DAD.
ue eS un SuStrato?
ES ICOC n3IClI3I SCIIOC OISIIHIC OCI SuCIC, H3Iul3I C OC SlH-
ICSIS, nIHCl3I u ClQ3HICC uC, CCICC3OC CH uH CCHICHC-
OCl, C3HIClC, O3lO3CC3 C C3n3, CH fCln3 ul3 C CH nC2-
CI3, ClnIIC 3I 3HCI3}C OCI SISICn3 l3OIC3I y uCOC C HC
IHIClvCHIl CH I3 HuIlICICH vCQCI3I.
PuCOCH CI3SIfIC3lSC CH lnerteS y actlvoS.
lnerteS. SCH 3uCIICS SuSIl3ICS uC SIlvCH SCI3nCHIC
CCnC SCClIC y HC IHIClvICHCH CH I3 HuIlICICH OC I3S I3H-
I3S. CCnC C}CnICS, SC IICHCH: AlCH3 SIIlCC3, I3H3 OC lCC3,
Ql3vIII3, Ql3vIII3 O3S3IIIC3 y CIlCS. ESIC IIC OC SuSIl3ICS SC
uIIII23 CH HIOlCCHICCS.
ActlvoS. SCH 3uCIICS SuSIl3ICS uC SC CnIC3H CCnC
SCClIC, ClC, 3OCn3S, Sl IHIClvICHCH CH I3 HuIlICICH OC
I3S I3HI3S. CCnC C}CnIC, SC IICHCH ICS n3IClI3ICS ClQ3-
HICCS OC ICOC IIC, IulO3S y nIHCl3ICS 3CIIvCS, CCnC I3
2CCIII3, 3Sl CCnC nC2CI3S OC n3IClI3ICS ClQ3HICCS CCH SuC-
IC. ESIC IIC OC SuSIl3ICS SC uIIII23 CH ICS II3n3OCS
ClQ3HCCHICCS y 2CCCHICCS.

CAkACTEk5TlCA5 PklNClPALE5 DE UN 5U5TkAT0 AC

TlV0
P3l3 COICHCl uH3 3OCCu3O3 QClnIH3CICH, CHl3I23nICHIC
y ClCCInICHIC OC I3S I3HI3S, CI SuSIl3IC 3CIIvC OCOC ICHCl
I3S SIQuICHICS C3l3CICllSIIC3S:
FSlcaS:
1I AII3 C33CIO3O OC lCICHCICH OC 3Qu3, f3CIInCHIC OIS-
CHIOIC.
2I SufICICHIC SunIHISIlC OC 3IlC.
3I B3}3 OCHSIO3O 33lCHIC.
4I AII3 ClCSIO3O.
5I ESIluCIul3 CSI3OIC, IC Cu3I CvII3 I3 CCHIl3CCICH C OII3I3-
CICH OCI nCOIC.
umlcaS:
1I SufICICHICS HuIlInCHICS 3SInII3OICS
2I B3}3 S3IIHIO3O.
3I LCHI3 vCICCIO3O OC OCSCCnCSICICH
0traS:
1I LIOlC OC SCnIII3S OC I3HI3S IHOCSC3OICS, HCn3ICOCS y
CIlCS 3ICQCHCS.
2I B3}C CCSIC
3I F3CII OC nC2CI3l.
LCS lIHCI3ICS IClnIHCS lCI3CICH3OCS CCH I3S C3l3CICllSII-
C3S flSIC3S y ulnIC3S uC ICOC lCOuCICl OCOC CCHCCCl
OICH, CCH CI lCCSIIC OC n3HC}3l, 3OCCu3O3nCHIC, Su
SuSIl3IC SCH I3S SIQuICHICS:
FSlcaS
ESpaclo poroSo total. ES CI vCIunCH ICI3I OCI SuSIl3IC
HC CCu3OC Cl 3lIlCuI3S ClQ3HIC3S.

SC OIvIOC CH ClCS C3II3lCS Inuy CuCHCSI, ICS Cu3ICS

SCH ICS CHC3lQ3OCS OC lCICHCl CI 3Qu3 y HC C3II3lCS In3S
Ql3HOCSI ICS Cu3ICS, OCSuCS OCI lICQC, uCO3H v3ClCS Cu3H-
OC CI SuSIl3IC CCnICH23 3 CSCullIl. SIH CnO3lQC, CSICS
ClCS HC SC uCO3H CCnICI3nCHIC SCCCS, SIHC, Cl CI
CCHIl3lIC, lCIICHCH uH3 OCIQ3O3 C33 OC 3Qu3 3IlCOCOCl
OC I3S 3lIlCuI3S OCI SuSIl3IC.
EI v3ICl CIInC OCI CS3CIC ClCSC ICI3I CS OC 85 OCI
vCIunCH OCI SuSIl3IC.
Capacldad de alreacln. PlCClCICH OCI SuSIl3IC uC
CCHIICHC 3IlC, OCSuCS uC SC H3 S3Iul3OC CCH 3Qu3 y
OlCH3OC. PClCSCHI3 OCI 10 3 30 OCI vCIunCH ICI3I. SC
uOICl3 lCQuHI3l Cl uC SCH HCCCS3lICS I3HICS ClCS y
I3HI3 3IlC3CICH. L3 lCSuCSI3 CSIlIO3 CH uC I3S l3lCCS OC
I3S I3HI3S HCCCSII3H OC CxlQCHC 3l3 Su ClCCInICHIC. PClC,
3OCn3S, ICS SuSIl3ICS ClQ3HICCS IICHCH Ql3H C3HIIO3O OC
nIClCClQ3HISnCS y nuCH3 3CIIvIO3O OICICQIC3, ICS Cu3ICS
lCuIClCH Ql3HOCS C3HIIO3OCS OC CxlQCHC. ES OCCIl, CH
ICS SuSIl3ICS SC HCCCSII3, l3CIIC3nCHIC, CI OCOIC C n3S
OCI CxlQCHC uC CH SuCICS CCH CSC3S3 n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3.
Agua fcllmente dlSponlble. ES 3uCII3 uC CI SuSIl3IC
lCIICHC y uC I3 I3HI3 3OSClOC SIH nuCHC CSfuCl2C.
LCS ClCS uC uCO3H IICHCS OC 3Qu3, OCSuCS OCI lICQC y
OCI CSCullInICHIC, SCH ICS n3S CuCHCS y CSICS lCIICHCH
CI 3Qu3 OC 2 fCln3S:
1. NC 3OSClOIOIC C IHOISCHIOIC.
2. F3CIInCHIC 3OSClOIOIC. DCOIOC 3 CSIC, IC uC IHIClCS3
CS CSI3 IIIn3 y I3 C3HIIO3O ICI3I OC 3Qu3 uC CI SuSIl3IC
lCIICHC.
EI v3ICl CIInC OCI 3Qu3 f3CIInCHIC OISCHIOIC CS OC 20 3
30 OCI vCIunCH OC 3Qu3 3IIC3OC.
!
umlcaS
5uflclenteS nutrlmentoS aSlmllableS. SC lCfIClC 3 I3S C3H-
IIO3OCS OC HIIlCQCHC, fCSfClC, CI3SIC y CIlCS CICnCHICS
CSCHCI3ICS uC CCHIICHC I3 fuCHIC ClQ3HIC3 CICQIO3, ICS
Cu3ICS SCH Cu3HIIfIC3OCS Cl ICS I3OCl3IClICS OC 3H3IISIS
OC SuCICS. SIH CnO3lQC, CxISICH O3ICS QCHCl3ICS uC uC-
OCH SClvIl OC uHIC OC 3lIIO3 y uC SC CxCHCH CH I3
I3OI3 1.
8aja Sallnldad. SC lCfIClC 3 I3 CCHCCHIl3CICH OC S3ICS lC-
SCHICS CH CI SuSIl3IC. P3l3 CCHCCClI3, SC OCOC CCHSuII3l 3I
I3OCl3IClIC OC 3H3IISIS OC SuCICS y 3Qu3S. NC COSI3HIC, I3
SIQuICHIC CSC3I3 uCOC SClvIl OC 3uxIIIC.
IT3OI3 2I. IExlCS3O3 CH OS/Cn 3 25 C
Tabla 1. AporteS medloS de NPK lkgltl de dlverSaS
fuenteS orgnlcaS.
Fuentes Nitrgeno Fsforo
P
2
O
5
Potasio
K
2
O
Estircol vacuno 2,9 a 11,5 1,7 a 3,0 1,0 a 5,0
Estircol porcino 6,0 a 11,5 4,0 2,6 a 6,0
Estircol ovino 5,5 3,1 a 4,0 1,5 a 11,0
Cachaza 14,9 a 21,0 12,5 a 23,0 4,4 a 12,3
Gallinaza 12,0 6,5 3,8
Humus de lombriz 15,0 5 a 7,5 3,0 a 7,0
Cascarilla de arroz 4,8 a 7,5 0,8 a 1,5 3,1 a 5,3
Aserrn 6,6 3,3 19,1
Cscara de cacao 12,8 1,1 25,1
Cscara de caf 8,0 1,7 20,7
Pulpa de caf 32,7 3,9 16,9
Residuos de henequn 58,5 4,9 4,3
Residuo de cervecera 41,2 5,7 1,0
Compost 10,7 8,4 10,2
"
Tabla 2. Escala de valores para clasificar el contenido de
sales del sustrato
Contenido Evaluacin
Menor de 0,74 Muy bajo
De 0,75 a 1,99 Apropiado para germinacin y crecimiento de
plntulas ( semillero )
Mayor de 3,5 Alto para la mayora de las plantas
8aja velocldad de deScompoSlcln. TCOCS ICS SuOSIl3ICS
ClQ3HICCS SuflCH OC OCQl3O3CICH C OCSCCnCSICICH, lC-
vCC3O3 Cl I3 3CIIvIO3O OC ICS nIClCClQ3HISnCS uC C-
HCH 3 OISCSICICH OC I3S I3HI3S ICS HuIlInCHICS HCCCS3-
lICS 3l3 Su ClCCInICHIC. ESIC lCCCSC SC OCHCnIH3
mlnerallzacln de la materla orgnlca. DCOIOC 3 I3ICS
l32CHCS, Cu3HOC SC CSCCQCH ICS n3IClI3ICS 3l3 lC3II23l
I3S nC2CI3S OC SuSIl3ICS, lCSuII3 nuy InClI3HIC CCHCCCl
SI SCH CSI3OICS C HC y CSICS vICHC O3OC Cl Su CCHICHIOC
OC CCIuICS3S C IIQHIH3S. A n3yCl CCHCCHIl3CICH OC CCIuIC-
S3S C IIQHIH3S ICS SuSIl3ICS SCH n3S lCSISICHICS.
Preparacln de SuStratoS y mezclaS
EH ICO3S I3S lCQICHCS CxISIC OISCHIOIIIO3O OC n3IClI3ICS
uC 3IQuH3S IHOuSIlI3S OCSCCH3H C uC, SInICnCHIC, I3
H3Iul3IC23 CSCC OC n3HCl3 3OuHO3HIC y CCCHCnIC3. L3
CICCCICH OC I3 fuCHIC ClQ3HIC3, ICS n3IClI3ICS 3CCn3H3H-
ICS, I3S lCClCICHCS OC C3O3 uHC y CI n3HC}C CSIClICl
3l3 I3 CCHSClv3CICH CH ICS SuSIl3ICS, CCHSIIIuyCH ICS 3S-
CCICS CSCHCI3ICS CH CI n3HICHInICHIC OC 3IICS lCHOInICH-
ICS.
CCnC y3 SC H3 vISIC, I3S fuCHICS ClQ3HIC3S uCOCH SCl OI-
vClS3S y I3 CICCCICH OC uH3 OC CII3S OCCHOCl3 OC v3lICS
3SCCICS I3ICS CCnC: C3IIO3O OC ICS HuIlInCHICS, OISCHI-
OIIIO3O ICllIIClI3I y CCSIC OC Il3HSClIC.
#
DC IQu3I n3HCl3, ICS n3IClI3ICS "3CCn3H3HICS" CH I3
nC2CI3 OCCHOCH OC IQu3ICS 3SCCICS ClC 6H 6S16 SD,
ID HS HpDI1H16 6S qH6 HH16HH U6HUS pID-
p6UU6S FSS 6H 6I SHS1I1D.
TCOCS ICS n3IClI3ICS CICQIOICS OCOCH CSI3l OICH Cul3OCS,
IC uC SC uCOC lCCCHCCCl Cu3HOC, 3I ICC3lICS, CSI3H 3 I3
ICnCl3Iul3 3nOICHIC, Su CCICl3CICH CS CSCul3 y, 3OC-
n3S, H3H ClOIOC Su CICl ClIQIH3I C3l3CICllSIICC.
MaterlaleS orgnlcoS
P3l3 I3 lC3l3CICH OC ICS SuSIl3ICS, SC uCOCH uS3l v3lI3S
fuCHICS ClQ3HIC3S, I3ICS CCnC I3S uC 33lCCCH CH I3 I3-
OI3 1.
OIlCS n3IClI3ICS
a. CScara de arroz. ES uH OCSCCHC CH CI lCCCSC OCI
OCSC3SC3l3OC OC 3llC2. PCSuII3 uH n3IClI3I nuy CSI3OIC,
OC 3IIC CCHICHIOC OC IIQHIH3 y OC O3}3 I3S3 OC
nIHCl3II23CICH. PCSCC O3}3 OCHSIO3O, CS nuy IIvI3HC, OC
OuCH OlCH3}C y lCClCICH3 OuCH3 flI3OIIIO3O y 3IlC3CICH
CxCCICHIC CH uH3 nC2CI3. Cu3HOC SC uIIIICC, SC OCOC I3v3l
OICH y OC}3lI3 fClnCHI3l Oul3HIC 10 Ol3S 3lCxIn3O3nCH-
IC, y 3Sl HnCO3, uS3lI3 3l3 lC3l3l CI SuSIl3IC.
b. 5uelo. EI SuCIC 3 uIIII23l CH I3S nC2CI3S OCOC SCl
/ml35c/nO/O/3m3nL3, O3 /a caa v3g3La/ l/O5 l/m3lO5 30
cmI, uCS CH CII3 SC CHCuCHIl3H I3 n3yCl 3CIIvIO3O OICIC-
QIC3 y I3 n3yCl C3HIIO3O OC CICnCHICS HuIlICHICS, CH fCl-
n3 3SInII3OIC.
EI CCHICHIOC OC 3lCIII3 CH CI SuCIC, OCOCl3 SCl OC nCOIC 3
O3}C. ESIC uIClC OCCIl uC CH I3S nC2CI3S SICnlC SC CC-
ICC3l3H CH O3}3 lCClCICH ICS SuCICS HCQlCS y OC OlCH3}C
OCfICICHIC, y3 uC Il3HSfIClCH CSI3S lCICO3OCS 3 ICS
SuSIl3ICS.
$
L3 fClIIIIO3O OCI SuCIC, CxlCS3O3, CH CSIC C3SC, Cl CI CCH-
ICHIOC OC fCSfClC y CI3SIC, OCOCl3 SCl OC nCOI3 3 3II3,
OC I3I fCln3 uC CH I3 nC2CI3 CxISI3H C3HIIO3OCS SufICICH-
ICS OC fCSfClC y CI3SIC y CIlCS HuIlInCHICS 3l3 I3S I3H-
I3S.
SI CI SuCIC OISCHIOIC CSI3 CH ICS l3HQCS OC 3IC3IIHC C 3CI-
OC, ICS n3IClI3ICS 3CCn3H3HICS SC OCOCH CSCCQCl, CCH
nuCHC CuIO3OC, OC n3HCl3 uC O3}CH C SuO3H CI H.
c. ASerrn de coco o vlrutaS laSerrnl de madera. ESICS
n3IClI3ICS SCH OC ICHI3 OCSCCnCSICICH, CSCCH O3}3 OCH-
SIO3O, OuCH OlCH3}C y, Cl I3HIC, f3vClCCCH uH3 OuCH3
3IlC3CICH CH I3 nC2CI3. NC CS lCCCnCHO3OIC CI 3SClllH OC
n3OCl3 OC IHC SIH CxIl3Cl I3 lCSIH3, HI CI lCCCOCHIC OC
n3OCl3S lC}3S. EH C3SC OC uC SC3 IC HICC OISCHIOIC CH
I3 2CH3 3l3 I3 lC3l3CICH OC SuSIl3ICS, uCOCH SCl SC-
nCIIOCS 3I I3v3OC IHICHSC y fClnCHI3CICH 3IQH IICnC,
OC n3HCl3 uC IIOClCH ICS fCHCICS uC uCOCH C3uS3l O3-
HCS 3 I3S I3HI3S.
Procedlmlento para reallzar la mezcla
CCHCCIO3S y3 I3S C3l3CICllSIIC3S, lCICO3OCS y lCuISIICS
uC OCOC ICHCl uH SuSIl3IC, CS CCHvCHICHIC Il3I3l I3S CCn-
OIH3CICHCS OC ICS n3IClI3ICS y SuS lCClCICHCS.
L3S C3HIIO3OCS OC C3O3 CCnCHCHIC CH I3 nC2CI3 SuCICH
SCl nuy v3lI3O3S y SC uCOCH CII3l nIICS OC CCnOIH3CIC-
HCS OIfClCHICS, CCH OuCHCS lCSuII3OCS. SIH CnO3lQC, CxISIC
uH lIHCIIC O3SICC, OCnCSIl3OC Cl HunClCS3S IHvCSII-
Q3CICHCS, SCQH CI Cu3I I3 n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 OCOCl3 CCu3l
SICnlC CI 75 C 3lICS OCI vCIunCH ICI3I y CI v3ICl
nlHInC CSI3 fI}3OC CH 50 C 3l3 COICHCl 3IICS lCHOI-
nICHICS OC fCln3 CSI3OIC.
L3 C3HIIO3O ICI3I OC I3 n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 C3ICuI3O3 OCOC
CSI3l CCHSIIIuIO3 Cl uH3 nC2CI3 OC ClIQCH 3HIn3I y vCQC-
I3I, 3IQuHCS C}CnICS uC SC uCOCH CII3l SCH:
%
Estircoles de todo tipo
Gallinaza
Humus
Cachaza
Otros
Cscara de arroz
Cscara de caf
Aserrn
Turba
Otros
con
P3l3 CI uSC OC ICS n3IClI3ICS uC 33lCCCH CH I3 SCQuHO3
CCIunH3, SC OCOC ICHCl CH CuCHI3 uC 3ClI3l3H CCCS
HuIlInCHICS y uC Su CICCCICH y C3HIIO3O CSI3l3H O3S3O3S
CH CI 3SCQul3nICHIC OC I3S lCICO3OCS flSIC3S uC OCOCH
ICHCl ICS SuSIl3ICS. TCn3HOC CH CuCHI3 CSIC, I3 C3HIIO3O
uC SC OCOC nC2CI3l HC OCOCl3 SCl SuClICl 3 15 C 20
OCI vCIunCH ICI3I.
EI CIlC CCnCHCHIC CSCHCI3I OC uH SuSIl3IC CS CI SuCIC.
DC 3CuClOC CCH I3S C3l3CICllSIIC3S uC OCOC ICHCl 3l3 Su
CICCCICH, CxIIC3O3S CCH 3HIClIClIO3O, I3 C3HIIO3O lCSCH-
IC CH I3 nC2CI3 HC OCOCl3 CxCCOCl OC 25 OCI vCIunCH
ICI3I CCnC v3ICl CIInC y OC 50 CCnC nlHInC. SIH
CnO3lQC, CH 3uCII3S 3lC3S OCHOC CI SuCIC lCOCnIH3HIC
C OISCHIOIC CCllCSCHOC 3 ICS HCQlCS y nuy 3lCIIICSCS, I3
lCClCICH CH I3 nC2CI3 OCOCl3 SCl O3}3 y H3Ol3 uC 3u-
nCHI3l uH I3HIC CIlCS n3IClI3ICS.
A Su vC2, Cu3HOC SC OISCHC OC SuCICS OC O3}3 fClIIIIO3O C
nuy IIxIvI3OCS, H3Ol3 uC CICQIl uH n3IClI3I ClQ3HICC nuy
lICC CH HuIlInCHICS, CCnC CI HunuS OC ICnOlI2, Cl C}Cn-
IC, 3l3 uC 3Sl SC CuIIIOlC Su COlC23.
EI H OCI SuCIC OCIClnIH3 I3 n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 uC SC OCOC
uS3l. SI, Cl C}CnIC, uH CCnCSI O3S3OC CH HC}3S CS 3CI-
OC, SC COl3 uS3l CH uH SuCIC 3IC3IIHC. PCl CI CCHIl3lIC, SI
CI SuCIC CS 3CIOC, CHICHCCS I3 n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 COll3 SCl
CSIIClCCI C C3CH323 uC, CH CC3SICHCS, lCSCHI3H H
3IC3IIHCS.
TCOC CSIC IHOIC3 uC CH n3IClI3 OC nC2CI3 y OC lCCl-
CICHCS, HC SC OCOC OCSC3lI3l HIHQH IIC OC SuCIC, SIHC
CCHCCCl y n3HC}3l SuS C3l3CICllSIIC3S y lCICO3OCS, OC
n3HCl3 uC SC ICQlC uIIII23lIC CCllCCI3nCHIC.
&
ConServacln de la fertllldad en loS SuStratoS
EI CuIIIvC OC HClI3II23S CH ClQ3HCCHICCS InIIC3 uH3 IH-
ICHSIO3O CH CI IICnC, 3l3 ICQl3l 3IICS lCHOInICHICS 3Hu3-
ICS, CCH OuCH3 C3IIO3O OC I3 CCSCCH3. ESI3 lCnIS3 IHOIC3
uC SC OCOC n3HICHCl CI SuSIl3IC CCH 3II3 fClIIIIO3O y lC-
ICO3OCS flSIC3S OC ClCSIO3O, lCICHCICH OC 3Qu3 y 3IlC3-
CICH, C33CCS OC n3HICHCl CSI3OICS ICS lCHOInICHICS. ES-
I3S CCHOICICHCS SC ICQl3H CH I3S nC2CI3S Cu3HOC SC lC3-
l3H Cl lInCl3 vC2, ClC CH I3 nCOIO3 CH uC SC OCS3-
llCII3 I3 CxICI3CICH, I3S CCHOICICHCS uCOCH v3lI3l.
L3S IHvCSIIQ3CICHCS IHOIC3H uC, 3I C3OC OC 2 3 5 CICICS OC
CuIIIvC CCHIIHuCS, ICS v3IClCS OC fCSfClC y CI3SIC uC-
OCH O3}3l H3SI3 I3 nII3O, 3l3 CI lInClC y H3SI3 CH 3 vC-
CCS, 3l3 CI SCQuHOC.
lQu3I CCullC CCH CI CCHICHIOC OC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 f3CII-
nCHIC OCQl3O3OIC, uC uCOC v3lI3l OCSOC 45 3I IHICIC,
H3SI3 15 3 20 OCSuCS OC 2 3HCS SIH 3IIC3CICHCS SISIC-
n3IIC3S.
ESIC fCHCnCHC SC vC lCfIC}3OC, OIlCCI3nCHIC, CH CI lCHOI-
nICHIC y SC lCClI3H OISnIHuCICHCS, CH ICn3IC, OC 7,5
kQ/n2 H3SI3 3,5 kQ/n2 3I C3OC OC 3 SICnOl3S SIH 3IIC3-
CICH OC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 3OICICH3I.
u Se puede hacer para mantener la fertllldad
y loS rendlmlentoS eStableS?
1- AIIC3CICH OC CHnICHO3S ClQ3HIC3S
2- Pl3CIIC3S fIICICCHIC3S.
1.Apllcacln de enmlendaS orgnlcaS :
CCHSIIIuyC uH3 OuCH3 CCICH 3l3 n3HICHCl CSI3OICS ICS
lCHOInICHICS OC ICS CuIIIvCS y I3nOICH 3l3 nC}Cl3l I3S
CCHOICICHCS OC fClIIIIO3O y lCICO3OCS flSIC3S OC ICS
SuSIl3ICS.
'
a. Materla orgnlca. L3S 3IIC3CICHCS SC uCOCH H3CCl
uH3 vC2 CH CI 3HC, CH C3HIIO3O 3lCxIn3O3 OC 10 kQ/n2
CuIv3ICHIC 3 uH3 C33 OC 2 Cn OC QlCSCl. T3nOICH SC
uCOCH H3CCl fl3CCICH3O3S, CS OCCIl I3 C3HIIO3O ICI3I
OC I10 kQ/n2 I CH C3O3 CCSCCH3 uC SC lCCC}3 C C3O3 2 C
3 CCSCCH3S. EH fIH, IC InClI3HIC CSI3 CH HC OC}3l n3S
OC 6 nCSCS SIH 3IIC3l 3IQuH3 C3HIIO3O OC n3IClI3 ClQ3-
HIC3.
b. CenlzaS. L3S CCHI23S lCCCOCHICS OC I3 CCnOuSIICH
ICHI3 OC I3 C3SC3l3 OC 3llC2, nC2CI3O3S CCH 0,6 kQ/n2
OC HunuS OC ICnOlI2, 3IIC3O3S OCSuCS OC 3 CCSCCH3S
SuCCSIv3S, SCH uH3 OuCH3 CCICH.
c. kqulS de pltano. EI l3uIS OC I3I3HC IlIIul3OC, CH
OCSIS OC 2 kQ/n2 SCOlC CI C3HIClC C IHCClCl3OC CH ICS
lInClCS 10 Cn. CCHSIIIuyC uH3 fCln3 OC 3ClI3l
HuIlInCHICS 3I SuSIl3IC, SCOlC ICOC, CI3SIC.
d. Mezcla de aSerrn con eStlrcol. ESICS CCnCHCH-
ICS, CH lCClCICH OC 75 OC CSIIClCCI y 25 OC 3SC-
lllH, OICH nC2CI3OCS C IHCClCl3OCS CH C3HIIO3O OC uH
ICOC OC 18 IIIlCS/n2 OC C3HIClC, fCln3H 3lIC OCI nC-
}Cl3nICHIC OC ICS C3HIClCS CH ICS ClQ3HCCHICCS.
e. HumuS de lombrlz. CCHSIIIuyC uH3 fuCHIC OC n3IC-
lI3 ClQ3HIC3 OC 3IIC CCHICHIOC OC HuIlInCHICS y ClI3-
OCl OC SuSI3HCI3S OICCSIInuI3OCl3S, uC f3vClCCCH CI
ClCCInICHIC vCQCI3I, y lCClCICH3H nC}ClCS lCHOI-
nICHICS. EH OCSIS OC 0,6 kQ/n2 OC C3HIClC /3HC lCSuII3
uH3 OuCH3 CCICH.
f. Apllcacln de blofertlllzanteS y eStlmuladoreS no
contamlnanteS:
f.1. MlcorrlzaS. EI IHCCuIC fCln3OC Cl CSCl3S n3S
l3lCCS IHfCSI3O3S CCH HCHQCS fCln3OClCS OC
nICCllI23S 3lOuSCuI3lCS, f3vClCCC CI OCS3llCIIC OC ICS
CuIIIvCS.
!
f.2. Azotobacter. SC 3IIC3 fCII3lnCHIC, 3 l32CH OC 2 L
OC A2CICO3CICl Cl 16 L OC 3Qu3, CH I3 CI33 OC ClC-
CInICHIC l3IOC. T3nOICH uCOC SCl SunIHISIl3OC
OIlCCI3nCHIC 3I SuSIl3IC OC 2 C n3S 3HCS OC CxIC-
I3CICH, 3 l32CH OC 4 nL/n2 SCIC C nC2CI3OC CCH
FCSfClIH3? InC2CI3 OC fCSfClC nICCllI23SI, CH C3O3
CuIIIvC uC SC v3 3 SCnOl3l.
AOCn3S OC CSI3S 3OICICHCS, I3 fClIIIIO3O OC ICS
SuSIl3ICS y SuCICS SC uCOC CCnICnCHI3l 3IIC3H-
OC SuSI3HCI3S OC C3l3CICl ClQ3HICC, I3S Cu3ICS CICH-
CI3H CI lCHOInICHIC OC ICS CuIIIvCS, CCH HCln3S OCfI-
HIO3S 3l3 C3O3 C3SC, CCnC SuCCOC CCH CI BICOlIvC?
IAnIHCCCnICxI.
2. MedldaS fltotcnlcaS
EHIlC I3S nCOIO3S fIICICCHIC3S uC f3vClCCCH CI n3HICHI-
nICHIC OC I3 fClIIIIO3O CSI3 I3 lCI3CICH OC CuIIIvCS: I3 I3HI3
"lCCHCOCl3" I ICQunIHCS3I SC SICnOl3 CCH 3HIClIClIO3O
3 3uCII3S I3HI3S OC Ql3H COCl OC CxIl3CCICH OC ICS
HuIlInCHICS OCI SuCIC IQl3nlHC3S y CIl3S I, f3vClCCICHOC,
3OCn3S, CI CHlIuCCInICHIC CH HIIlCQCHC OCI SuSIl3IC.
M3HICHCl I3 SuClfICIC OCI SuSIl3IC CuOIClI3 CCH I3 I3HI3
"lCCHCOCl3" IICQunIHCS3I I3nOICH f3vClCCC I3 CCHSCl-
v3CICH OCI SuSIl3IC, OC n3HCl3 uC CI In3CIC OC I3S QC-
I3S OC 3Qu3 OC IIuvI3 HC IC ClCSICHCH, 3OCn3S OC uC CvI-
I3 I3 IHCIOCHCI3 OIlCCI3 OCI SCI, IC Cu3I CCHIlIOuyC 3 CvII3l
I3 Cv3Cl3CICH y I3 fCln3CICH OC I3 CCSIl3 CH I3 SuClfICIC
OCI SuCIC OCSuCS OCI lICQC C OC I3 IIuvI3.
L3S l3CIIC3S fIICICCHIC3S n3S uSu3ICS SCH I3 3SCCI3CICH y
CI IHIClC3I3nICHIC OC CuIIIvCS, I3S Cu3ICS SC CSIuOI3l3H CH
CI C3lIuIC OCOIC3OC 3I n3HC}C OC ICS CuIIIvCS.
!
CULTlV05 Y VAklEDADE5
APk0PlAD05 PAkA 0k0AN0PNlC05
Y HUEkT05 lNTEN5lV05
EH SCHIIOC QCHCl3I, CH ICS ClQ3HCCHICCS y HuClICS IHICH-
SIvCS SC H3 O3OC lIClIO3O 3I CuIIIvC OC HClI3II23S OC HC}3S
y CCHOInCHICS, 3uHuC I3nOICH CS CSIOIC OCS3llCII3l
CIl3S CSCCICS, ICHICHOC CH CuCHIC I3 OCn3HO3 OC I3 C-
OI3CICH y SuS lCuISIICS HuIlICICH3ICS.
AI OCCIOIl I3S CSCCICS uC SC v3H 3 CuIIIv3l CH CI
ClQ3HCCHICC C CI HuClIC IHICHSIvC, SC OCOCH ICHCl CH
CuCHI3, CH C3O3 2CH3 y CCC3 OCI 3HC, CI SunIHISIlC OC
HClI3II23S lCvCHICHICS OC I3S CnlCS3S, CCCCl3IIv3S y
CHICS lIv3OCS, I3S Cu3ICS uCOCH, CH OCIClnIH3OCS nC-
nCHICS, 3O3llCI3l CI nClC3OC y CCnCIIl CCH I3 lCOuC-
CICH ClQ3HCCHIC3.
SIH CnO3lQC, ICS CuIIIvCS OC HC}3S, CCnC ICCHuQ3, 3CCIQ3,
ClC}II, CCOCIIIH y CIlCS, HC lCSISICH CI Il3HSClIC 3 I3lQ3S
OISI3HCI3S, uCS IClOCH C3IIO3O, CH I3HIC uC CI
ClQ3HCCHICC I3S CflCCC flCSC3S y 3C3O3O3S OC CCSCCH3l,
Q3H3HOC I3 lCfClCHCI3 OC I3 COI3CICH Cl Su C3IIO3O.
SC uCOCH SCnOl3l ICOCS ICS IICS OC HClI3II23S y SC lC-
CCnICHO3 uC CH C3O3 3lC3 OC O3SC SC n3HICHQ3H 10 II-
CS OIfClCHICS, CCnC nlHInC, ICOC CI 3HC.
P3l3 CI lCQl3n3 OC SICnOl3 OC ICS ClQ3HCCHICCS y HuCl-
ICS IHICHSIvCS, SC OCOCH uS3l v3lICO3OCS y HC HlOlIOCS OC
n3HCl3 uC SC Q3l3HIICC I3 OISCHIOIIIO3O OC I3S SCnIII3S y
OC I3S I3HIuI3S CH CI nCnCHIC IHOIC3OC.
!
1. VegetaleS de frutoS:
Tomate lLycoperSlcon
eSculentum Mllll
Su CuIIIvC uCOC H3CClSC CCH
C SIH IuICl. SC OCOCH CCICC3l
OCS HIICl3S CH CI C3HIClC, C3n3
C O3lO3CC3 y SCnOl3l CIlCS CuI-
IIvCS IHIClC3I3OCS. L3S v3lICO3-
OCS 3 CSCCQCl SCl3H I3S uC lC-
ClICH lCSISICHCI3 C ICICl3HCI3
3 I3S lIHCI3ICS I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS, SCQH I3S OI-
fClCHICS CCC3S OC SICnOl3 y ISCS 3IIIIuOIH3ICS.
PlmlentoS y ajeS lCapSlcum annuum L.l
SC OCOCH CSCCQCl v3lICO3OCS uC lCSCHICH CICICS
CClICS, 3IICS lCHOInICHICS y lCSISICHCI3 3 I3S lIHCI-
3ICS I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS SCQH I3S OIfClCHICS
CCC3S OC SICnOl3.
SC SCnOl3l3H CH OCS HIICl3S 3 IC I3lQC OCI C3HIClC,
C3n3 C O3lO3CC3 y I3 OISI3HCI3 CHIlC I3HI3S OCCH-
OCl3 OCI OCS3llCIIC fCII3l OC I3 v3lICO3O CH CuCSIICH.
Peplno lCucumlS SatlvuS L.l
SC OCOCH CSCCQCl v3lIC-
O3OCS uC lCSCHICH CI-
CICS CClICS, 3IICS lCHOI-
nICHICS y lCSISICHCI3 3 I3S
lIHCI3ICS I3Q3S y CHfCl-
nCO3OCS SCQH I3S OIfC-
lCHICS CCC3S OC SICnOl3.
SC SCnOl3l3H CH OCS HIIC-
l3S 3 IC I3lQC OCI C3HIClC, C3n3 C O3lO3CC3 y I3 OIS-
I3HCI3 CHIlC I3HI3S OCCHOCl3 OCI OCS3llCIIC fCII3l
OC I3 v3lICO3O CH CuCSIICH. EI CIHC uCOC CuIIIv3l-
SC IuICl3OC C HC. EH CI lInCl C3SC SC uCOC I3HI3l
Tomate
Peplno
!!
3 30 Cn OC OISI3HCI3 CHIlC I3HI3S y CCICC3l IuIClCS
3l3 CI Cn3I3OC OCI CuIIIvC. DC CSI3 fCln3 SC uIIII-
23ll3 CI 3lC3 CCHIl3I OCI C3HIClC, C3n3 C O3lO3CC3
CCH CIlCS CuIIIvCS 3SCCI3OCS OC CICIC n3S CClIC. EH CI
SCQuHOC C3SC uCOCH CCICC3lSC OCS HIICl3S CH CI C3H-
IClC, C3n3 C O3lO3CC3 SC3l3HOC I3S I3HI3S OC 3CuCl-
OC 3I OCS3llCIIC fCII3l uC SC OCSClIO3 CH C3O3 v3lIC-
O3O.
ulmbomb IAbelmoSchuS eSculentuS lLl Moenchl
ES uH CuIIIvC 3lCI3OC 3l3 HuClICS IHICHSIvCS. SC
SCnOl3l3 CH OCS HIICl3S 3 3nOCS I3OCS OCI C3HIClC y
I3 OISI3HCI3 CHIlC I3HI3S SC 3}uSI3l3 OC 3CuClOC 3 I3
v3lICO3O OC uC SC Il3IC, ICn3HOC CH CuCHI3 CI I3-
n3HC uC 3IC3HCC.
8erenjena l5olanun melongena Ll
ES uH CuIIIvC 3lCI3OC
3l3 HuClICS IHICHSIvCS. SC
SCnOl3l3 CH OCS HIICl3S 3
3nOCS I3OCS OCI C3HIClC y
I3 OISI3HCI3 CHIlC I3HI3S
SC 3}uSI3l3 OC 3CuClOC 3 I3
v3lICO3O OC uC SC Il3IC,
ICn3HOC CH CuCHI3 CI I3-
n3HC uC 3IC3HCC.
ValnltaS IVlgna ungulculata lL.l Walp. cv.gr.
5eSqulpedallS lL.ll
SC uCOC CuIIIv3l I3HIC CH ClQ3HCCHICCS CCnC HuCl-
ICS IHICHSIvCS. ES uH CuIIIvC 3lCI3OC 3l3 I3 CCC3
OC n3yCl C3ICl. SI I3 v3lICO3O CSCCQIO3 CS 3lOuSIIv3
SC OCOCl3H CCICC3l IuIClCS 3l3 uC I3S I3HI3S ClC2-
C3H H3CI3 3llIO3. SC CCICC3l3H CH OCS HIICl3S 3 3nOCS
8erenjena
!"
I3OCS OCI C3HIClC. EH C3SC OC uC I3 v3lICO3O CSCCQIO3
SC3 3lOuSIIv3 y OC ClIC O3}C SC uCOC CCICC3l CH CI
C3HIClC H3SI3 IlCS HIICl3S.
8rcoll l8raSSlca oleracea L. var. ltallca Plenckl
ES uH3 I3HI3 OC ClIC ClCCIC, Cuy3S HC}3S SC CxIICH-
OCH CHIlC 60 y 80 Cn. PlCSCHI3 uH3 IHfIClCSCCHCI3
lCOCHOC3O3 SInCIlIC3, CCH OCICH fICl3I fIHC, OC CC-
ICl vClOC CI3lC. PuCOC CuIIIv3lSC I3HIC CH
ClQ3HCCHICC CCnC HuClIC IHICHSIvC CCICC3HOC OCS
C IlCS HIICl3S CH IlCS OCIIIICS CH CI C3HIClC
2. VegetaleS de hojaS
Lechuga lLactuca Satlva L.l
ESI3 HClI3II23 OC HC}3 uCOC SCl CuIIIv3O3 ICOC CI 3HC,
OC 3CuClOC CCH I3 v3lICO3O, CCH ICS nC}ClCS lCHOInICH-
ICS CH I3 SICnOl3S OC HCvICnOlC 3 fCOlClC.
H3y 2 IICS lIHCI3ICS OC ICCHuQ3:
3I DC lCCIIC.
OI LCCHuQ3S OC HC}3S.
kepollo l8raSSlca olerace L. Var. capltatal.
AlCI3O3S 3l3 ICS HuClICS IHICHSIv3S O3OC Cl I3 ICH-
QIIuO OC Su CICIC OICICQICC. PuCOCH CCICC3lSC v3lI3S HI-
ICl3S CH CI C3HIClC OC 3CuClOC CCH I3 v3lICO3O CSCCQI-
O3.
Col Chlna I8raSSlca rapa L. SubSp. peklnenSlS lLour.l
kupr.l
ES uH3 I3HI3 uC fCln3 lCCIIC OC fCln3 CCn3CI3 y
3I3lQ3O3, HC n3yCl OC 20 Cn OC ICHQIIuO. PlCSCHI3 uH
CICIC CClIC. PuCOCH SCnOl3lSC v3lI3S HIICl3S CH CI C3H-
IClC. AlCI3O3 3l3 ClQ3HCCHICCS y HuClICS IHICHSI-
vCS.
!#
Acelga l8eta vulgarlS L. var. clcla L.l y Acelga chlna
I0raSSlca rapa L. SubSp. chlnenSlS lL. Manelt.l
AuHuC CS uH3 I3HI3 OC CIIn3 fllC, SC uCOC CuIIIv3l
ICOC CI 3HC, CCH OuCHCS lCHOInICHICS. H3y 2 IICS lIH-
CI3ICS: I3S CHIH3S, uC SC CCSCCH3H OC uH3 vC2 ICO3 I3
I3HI3 y uC uCOCH SCl OC CClCIC OI3HCC C vClOC, y
I3S OC IIC CS3HCI, Cuy3S HC}3S SC CCSCCH3H CH v3lICS
CClICS.
EH ICOCS ICS C3SCS CSIOICS, SC OCOC lCfClIl CI
Il3HSI3HIC, CCH IC Cu3I SC ICQl3H 8 C n3S lCI3CICHCS CH
CI 3HC. LCS lCHOInICHICS OC CSI3S v3lICO3OCS SCH nuy
3IICS, OCSOC 500 Ql H3SI3 I kQ Cl I3HI3.
8erro lNaSturtlum offlclnale k. 8r.l
ES uH3 I3HI3 H3IIv3 OC EulC3 y ASI3 y SC CuIIIv3, CH
CuCH3 CSC3I3, CH AICn3HI3, Fl3HCI3 y Cl3H BlCI3H3.
SC 3O3I3 3 I3S CCHOICICHCS IlCIC3ICS, IHCIuSC SC H3 CH-
CCHIl3OC CH fCln3 SIIvCSIlC CH 3llCyCS y C3H3O3S OC
2CH3S nCHI3HCS3S. EI OCllC CS uH3 HClI3II23 uC CCH-
IICHC Ql3H C3HIIO3O y v3lICO3O OC CICnCHICS HuIlIII-
vCS OC InClI3HCI3 3l3 CI HCnOlC, CCnC SCH C3ICIC,
C3lCICHC, II3nIH3, lIOCfI3vIH3, IISIH3, vII3nIH3 C,
IlIICf3HC, nCIICHIH3 y uH 3IIC CCHICHIOC OC HICllC.
SC CCHSIOCl3 uH3 I3HI3 OC OuCH CICHCI3I OICICIICC.
AOCn3S, SC IC 3IlIOuyCH lCICO3OCS nCOICIH3ICS, CCnC
CCICl3ICS y 3HIICSCClOIIC3S, 3l3 C3I3llCS ClCHICCS y
OCOIIIO3O SCxu3I.
8erza I8raSSlca oleracea var. acephala lDC.l Alef.l gla
ES uH3 I3HI3 ClCCI3 y CS3lCIO3, uC uCOC 3IC3H23l
H3SI3 90 Cn OC 3IIul3, CCH HC}3S CHOC3O3S, 3lluQ3O3S, y
OC CCICl vClOC. ES nuy lCSISICHIC 3 I3S CCHOICICHCS
3OvClS3S OCI CIIn3 y OCI SuCIC.
!$
ESplnaca
L3 CSIH3C3 ISIH3CI3 CICl3CC3 L.I
CS nuy 3lCCI3O3 Cl Su 3IIC CCH-
ICHIOC vII3nlHICC, SCOlC ICOC, CH
vII3nIH3S A y C, 3Sl CCnC CH nI-
HCl3ICS, y CH 3lIICuI3l, CH HICllC,
IC uC H3CC uC CSI3 I3HI3 SC
CCHSIOClC CCnC OC Ql3H COCl
3HII3HCnICC. Su v3ICl CHClQCIICC
CS OC uH3S 26 C3I/100 Q.
ESplnaca de Celln o de laS lndlaS l8aSella alba L.l
ES uH3 I3HI3 IlC3OCl3. SC CCHSunCH I3S HC}3S y ICS
CxIlCnCS OC I3S Qul3S CCnC HClI3II23S. SC lC3Q3 Cl
SCnIII3S y CSI3C3S. SC SICnOl3H 2 HIICl3S SCOlC CI C3HIC-
lC, 3 40 x 50 Cn. T3nOICH SC CCHSIOCl3 SuCCO3HC3.
ESplnaca acutlca llpomoea aquatlca ForkSl
ES OC I3S CCHvCIvuI3CC3S, l3SIlCl3 3Hu3I C ClCHHC. ES
uH 3IInCHIC HuIlIIIvC 3l3 CI HCnOlC y uCOC SCl uS3-
O3 CH I3 3IInCHI3CICH 3HIn3I SC CCHSunC y SC I3HI3
IQu3I uC I3 3HIClICl.
AIQuHCS 3n3l3HICS C OICOCS SC CCHSunCH CCnC HClI3-
II23S. SCH CSCCICS HClO3CC3S. AuHuC SC CCHSIOCl3H
I3HI3S IHOCSC3OICS, CH 3IQuH3S lCQICHCS y 3lSCS OCI
IlCICC I3S CuIIIv3H 3l3 CCCIH3lI3S y CCHSunIl SuS HC-
}3S CCnC CSIH3C3S.
3. VegetaleS de bulbo
kabano lkaphanuS SatlvuS L.l
ES uH CuIIIvC OC CICIC nuy CClIC I22 3 28 Ol3SI, uC HC
3OnIIC SCnOl3 y Cuy3 SICnOl3 CS OIlCCI3. ES nuy In-
ClI3HIC lC3II23l CI l3ICC y OC}3l 3I nCHCS 5 Cn CHIlC
I3HI3S, 3l3 HC CHIClCCCl I3 fCln3CICH OCI OuIOC. ES
ESplnaca
!%
lCCCnCHO3OIC 3l3 uIIII23lIC CCnC CuIIIvC SCCuHO3lIC
CH SICnOl3S OC ICn3IC, CIHC, H3OICHuCI3S C InCH-
ICHCS.
Zanahorla lDaucuS carota L.l
ESIC CuIIIvC lCSCHI3 3nII3S ClSCCIIv3S CH
ClQ3HCCHICCS, Cl Su lCHOInICHIC y 3II3 OCn3HO3
CH I3 HuIlICICH OC ICS HIHCS, IC uC CCHIl3llCSI3 Su
lCI3IIv3nCHIC I3lQC CICIC CCCHCnICC 90 3 110 Ol3S.
PuCOC 3IC3H23l OC 3,4 3 4,0 kQ/n2 , CCH SICnOl3S OC
SCIICnOlC 3 fCOlClC ICIInC CCIuOlCI y OCHSIO3O OC
36 I3HI3S/n2. CCH 3OuHO3HIC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 y OuCH
n3HC}C OC CuIIIvC SC uCOC SCnOl3l ICOC CI 3HC.
4. PlantaS para condlmentoS:
AllceaS
EH CSIC QluC SC CHCuCHIl3H CSCCICS 3IInCHIICI3S CCH
OuCH lCHOInICHIC CH ClQ3HCCHICC, CCnC CI 3}C y I3
CCOCII3. AOCn3S, CxISICH CIl3S 3fIHCS uC SC uCOCH
OIvIOIl OC I3 SIQuICHIC fCln3:
Ajo porro lAlllum porrum L.l
L3S I3HI3S SCH lCOuSI3S 3IC3H23HOC 3IIul3S OC n3S OC
30 Cn, fCln3H uH f3ISC I3IIC CCnCSIIOIC.
Cebollln lAlllum flStuloSum L.l
DC fCln3 QCHCl3I, CSIC QluC SC C3l3CIClI23 Cl ICHCl
HC}3S IuOuI3lCS, HuCC3S y CIlCuI3lCS CH SCCCICH Il3HS-
vClS3I. SC uIIII23H SuS HC}3S CCnC CCHOInCHICS y CH I3S
CHS3I3O3S. SC CuIIIv3H I3HIC CH ClQ3HCCHICCS CCnC
HuClICS IHICHSIvCS. SC uCOCH CCICC3l v3lI3S HIICl3S CH
CI C3HIClC y I3 SC3l3CICH CHIlC I3HI3S CSI3 CH OCCH-
OCHCI3 OCI ClCCInICHIC OCI fCII3}C uC 3IC3H23H I3S OIfC-
lCHICS v3lICO3OCS.
!&
Cebolla mutlpllcadora lAlllum cepa
var. aggregatum 0. Doml
L3S I3HI3S SCH n3S CuCH3S uC
I3S OC CCOCII3 y lCSCHI3H 3II3 C3-
3CIO3O OC l3nIfIC3CICH, fCln3H
I3HI3S HCln3ICS CCH OuIOCS uHIOCS
Cl nCOIC OCI I3IIC OC I3 I3HI3
n3OlC. LCS OuIOCS SCH CuCHCS,
3I3lQ3OCS C lCOCHOCS, OC OIfClCH-
ICS CCIClCS. Su lCSISICHCI3 3 CHfCl-
nCO3OCS, C33CIO3O OC fIClCCCl,
CIC., v3ll3H SCQH CI CuIIIv3l uC SC
uIIIICC CH I3 SICnOl3. L3 nuIIIIIC3-
CICH uCOC SCl 3Q3nIC3 y I3nOICH OCI3HIC3. SC C3l3C-
IClI23 Cl Su OuCH3 CCHSClv3CICH, I3 Cu3I v3 OC v3lICS
nCSCS 3 1 3HC.
Cebolla lAlllum cepa L.l
SCH I3HI3S OC ClIC ClCCIC, HC}3S vClOC 32uI3O3S CCH
f3ISC I3IIC QluCSC. EI CCICl OCI OuIOC OCCHOC OC I3 v3-
lICO3O uC SC H3y3 CSCCQIOC. PuCOCH CCICC3lSC v3lI3S
HIICl3S CH CI C3HIClC OC ClQ3HCCHICC C OC HuClIC IH-
ICHSIvC. L3 SC3l3CICH CHIlC I3HI3S C HIICl3S CSI3l3H
CH OCCHOCHCI3 OCI OCS3llCIIC fCII3l uC 3IC3HCCH I3S
I3HI3S.
Ajo lAlllum Satlvuml.
SCH I3HI3S uC lCSCHI3H HC}3S I3H3S y OC CCICl vCl-
OC CSCulC. L3 fCln3CICH OCI OuIOC CS SCOlC I3 SuClfI-
CIC OCI C3HIClC. EI CICIC OICICQICC CS OC n3S OC 100 Ol3S
Cl CSI3 l32CH CS 3CCHSC}3OIC 3l3 ICS HuClICS IHICHSI-
vCS. L3 OCHSIO3O OC SICnOl3 CSI3 CH OCCHOCHCI3 OC I3
v3lICO3O uC SC3 CSCCQIO3.
Cebolla
!'
5. 0traS plantaS para condlmentoS
Cllantro de CaStllla lCorlandrum Satlvum L.l
ES uH3 HIClO3 3Hu3I, OC 3IIul3 v3lI3OIC, CHIlC 20 y 60
Cn, 3lCn3IIC3, ClQuIO3, OC I3IICS IISCS, CIIlHOlICCS y
l3nIfIC3OCS CH I3 3lIC SuClICl. SC nuIIIIIC3 Cl SC-
nIII3S. EI CuIIIvC CH C3HIClCS SC H3CC Cl Il3SI3HIC, 3
OISI3HCI3 OC 15 x 15 Cn.
Culantro de Cartagena lErynglum foetldum L.l
HIClO3 I3nIH3, nuy 3lCn3IIC3. HC}3S OISuCSI3S CH uH3
lCSCI3 O3S3I, COICHQ3S, OC 5 3 18 Cn OC ICHQIIuO y OC
1,5 3 5 Cn OC 3HCHC, CHv3IH3OCl3S CH I3 O3SC y 3SCll3-
O3S. SC nuIIIIIC3 Cl nCOIC OC SCnIII3S. L3 CSCCIC
uCOC SCl CuIIIv3O3 Oul3HIC ICOC CI 3HC, 3 ICHC SCI,
SICnlC uC SC IC 3SCQulCH I3S CCHOICICHCS nlHIn3S OC
HunCO3O. L3S SCnIII3S HCCCSII3H uH CllCOC OC 6 nC-
SCS OC CSIn3Oul3CICH, ClC OCSuCS OC ICS 8 IClOCH
CCH l3IOC2 I3 C33CIO3O OC QClnIH3CICH. SC lCCCnICH-
O3 CI CSI3OICCInICHIC OC SCnIIIClCS CCH SCnIII3S OC 6
nCSCS OC CCSCCH3O3S. EI Il3SI3HIC SC uCOC lC3II23l 3
uH3 OISI3HCI3 OC 15 x 15 Cn. UH3 vC2 CSI3OICCIO3 I3 I3H-
I3CICH, I3 CSCCIC SC 3uICClCI3 CCHSI3HICnCHIC,
OCOIOC 3 I3 Ql3H C3HIIO3O OC SCnIII3S uC lCOuCC. SC
uCOCH lC3II23l CClICS y I3 I3HI3 lCOlCI3 SIH OIfICuII3-
OCS.
Perejll IPetroSellnum crlSpum lMlll.l Nyml
HIClO3 3lCn3IIC3 OI3Hu3I, OC CHIlCHuOCS CClICS CH ICS
lInClCS CSI3OICS OC OCS3llCIIC. SC nuIIIIIC3 Cl SC-
nIII3S. EH C3HIClCS, C3n3 C O3lO3CC3 I3 SICnOl3 SC lC3-
II23 CH 4 HIICl3S, SC3l3O3S 3 25 Cn CHIlC Sl. EI lICQC
OCOC SCl flCCuCHIC CH ICS lInClCS CSI3OICS OC OCS3-
llCIIC. EI lInCl CClIC OC HC}3S SC uCOC H3CCl CHIlC
ICS 65 y 70 Ol3S OCSuCS OC I3 SICnOl3, y CI SCQuHOC 30 C
40 Ol3S n3S I3lOC.
"
6. PlantaS medlclnaleS
Calndula lCalendula offlclnallS L.l
HIClO3 3Hu3I, n3S C nCHCS IICS3. HC}3S IHICI3InCHIC
OISuCSI3S CH uH3 lCSCI3 O3S3I, SCHI3O3S, SInICS, n3-
yClnCHIC COICHQ3S. EH I3 fICl3CICH, CnIIC I3IICS ClCC-
ICS, 3IQC l3nIfIC3OCS CH I3 3lIC SuClICl, OC 30 3 60 Cn
OC 3IIul3. C3OC2uCI3S fICl3ICS IClnIH3ICS, SCIII3lI3S, vIS-
ICS3S, OC 3,5 3 5 Cn OC OI3nCIlC. SC nuIIIIIC3 Cl
nCOIC OC SCnIII3S.
Tllo lJuStlcla pectorallS Jacq.l
HIClO3 OC l3n3S OCIQ3O3S, l3SIlCl3S y IIQCl3nCHIC CH-
QlCS3O3S CH ICS HuOCS. HC}3S CuCSI3S, I3HCCCI3O3S, 3IQC
3lCn3IIC3S. FIClCS CuCH3S, OC CCICl nCl3OC, OIS-
uCSI3S CH 3HlCuI3S IClnIH3ICS. FluIC CH C3SuI3. SC
lC3Q3 Cl CSI3C3S OC I3IIC. SC uCOC I3HI3l CH
Cu3IuICl CCC3 OCI 3HC, ClC lCfClCHICnCHIC, CH I3
CCC3 OC IIuvI3S y SC CnIC3H CSI3C3S OC I3IIC CCH 4 3 5
HuOCS. EI CuIIIvC SC OCOC lC3II23l 3 ICHC SCI, y3 uC CH
I3 SCnOl3, 3 CS3l OC uC SC COIICHC n3yCl OCS3llCIIC
fCII3l, HC SC 3CunuI3 C3HIIO3O S3IISf3CIClI3 OC
CCun3lIH3S, uC SCH CI lIHCIIC 3CIIvC OC I3 CSCCIC.
L3 HunCO3O OCOC SCl CCHSI3HIC, ClC HC CxCCSIv3.
AOnIIC v3lICS CClICS OC fCII3}C.
Manzanllla lMatrlacarla recutlta L.l
HIClO3 3Hu3I, OC H3SI3 50 Cn OC 3IIul3.
HC}3S 3IIClH3S, SCHI3O3S. L3S fIClCS Cx-
IClH3S OC CCICl 3n3lIIIC IHICHSC. SC lC-
3Q3 Cl SCnIII3. SCnOl3l 3 vCICC C 3
CHCllC CCllIOC, CHIlC HCvICnOlC y OI-
CICnOlC. SC OCOC n3HICHCl I3 HunC-
O3O OCI SuCIC H3SI3 CI CCnICH2C OC I3 fIC-
l3CICH. CCSCCH3l CH Ol3S SCIC3OCS y SC-
CCS, CH HCl3S OC I3 n3H3H3, uH3 vC2 Cv3-
Cl3OC CI lCClC. SC OCOC SCnOl3l CH IH-
vIClHC, uCS I3S 3II3S ICnCl3Iul3S I3
O3H3H.
Manzanllla
"
Toronjll lMellSSa offlclnallS L.l
HIClO3 3lCn3IIC3, IICS3, ClCHHC, OC CHIlC 20 y 30 Cn
OC 3IIul3, l3nCS3. T3IICS OCIQ3OCS, Cu3Ol3HQuI3lCS.
HC}3S CuCSI3S, 3Cv3O3S, OC n3lQCH ClCH3OC. FIClCS
3xII3lCS, 3n3lIIICHI3S uC C3nOI3H 3 OI3HuCCIH3S CCH
I3 CO3O. SC nuIIIIIC3 nCOI3HIC CSI3C3S OC I3IIC. SC
OCOC CuIIIv3l CH uH SuSIl3IC lICC CH n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3.
EI SunIHISIlC OC 3Qu3 OCOC SCl lCQuI3l, ClC HC CxCCSI-
vC. EH CCHOICICHCS OC SCnI SCnOl3, I3 CSCCIC 3IC3H23
uH nC}Cl OCS3llCIIC.
Yerba 8uena lMentha Splcata Ll
HIClO3 ClCHHC, CSICICHlfCl3, nuy 3lCn3-
IIC3. T3IIC OC H3SI3 50 Cn OC 3IIul3, C 3IQC
n3S, uOCSCCHIC C I3nIHC. HC}3S CuCS-
I3S, COICHQ3S 3 CIlIIC3S, OC 2 3 5 Cn OC ICH-
QIIuO, OC n3lQCH 3SCll3OC. SC nuIIIIIC3
Cl CSI3C3S OC I3IIC.
Toronjll de menta lMentha plperlta L.l
HIClO3 ClCHHC, OC H3SI3 60 Cn OC 3IIul3,
CCH fuClIC CICl 3 nCHICI. P3n3S Cu3Ol3H-
QuI3lCS, CCH CCICl3CICH vICI3CC3 Cu3HOC CS
CuIIIv3O3 3 SCI OIlCCIC. HC}3S CuCSI3S, I3HCCCI3O3S, OC
vCH3S lCnIHCHICS y OClOC OCHI3OC. FIClCS CuCH3S,
vICI3CC3S, 3Qlu3O3S CH CSlQ3S SIIu3O3S CH CI CxIlCnC
OC l3n3S ClQuIO3S. SC lC3Q3 nCOI3HIC CSI3C3S OC
I3IIC. EI SuCIC OCOC SCl lICC CH n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3. L3S
CSI3C3S, I3HIC I3S IClnIH3ICS CCnC I3S IHIClnCOI3S, OC-
OCH ICHCl 3 C 4 HuOCS. L3 CSCCIC SC uCOC I3HI3l 3
SCI OIlCCIC C 3 SCnOl3 OISClCI3, ClC HCCCSII3 uC SC
3SCQulC uH SunIHISIlC 3OCCu3OC OC 3Qu3, uC HC OCOC
SCl CxCCSIvC.
Yerba buena
"
Mejorana l 0rlganum mejorana L.l
HIClO3 ClCHHC, nuy 3lCn3IIC3, l3SIlCl3, ClC OC l3-
n3S ClQuIO3S, uC uCOCH 3IC3H23l H3SI3 20 Cn OC 3I-
Iul3, OCIQ3O3S, 3IQC ICHCS3S. HC}3S CuCSI3S, CuCH3S,
CCICI3O3S, 3Cv3O3S, OC 3ICC y O3SC lCOCHOC3OCS,
ICnCHICS3S CH 3nO3S C3l3S. FIClCS CuCH3S, OC CCICl
OI3HCC vClOCSC, OISuCI3S CH CSQI3S IClnIH3ICS. SC
nuIIIIIC3 nCOI3HIC CSI3C3S OC I3IIC. CCHvICHC SCnOl3l
uH "CSI3uIIIClC" CCH CSI3C3S OC 14 Cn OC ICHQIIuO, CCH
11 3 12 HuOCS, lCvCHICHICS OC I3HI3S CCH n3S OC 6 n
OC CO3O. EI Il3SI3HIC SC lC3II23 CH 2 C 3 HIICl3S Cl
C3HIClC, CCH 20 Cn CHIlC I3HI3. SC uCOCH lC3II23l
H3SI3 2 CClICS OC fCII3}C, IuCQC OC IC Cu3I 3HII CCCHCnI-
CC n3HICHCl Cl n3S IICnC I3 I3HI3CICH.
0rgano francS IPlecthrantuhuS ambolnlcuS lLour.l
5prengl
HIClO3 C3lHCS3, CICSC-ICnCHICS3, OC CICl fuClIC y, CH
CC3SICHCS, OC H3SI3 1 n OC 3IIul3. HC}3S CuCSI3S, Su-
CuICHI3S, 3HCH3nCHIC 3Cv3O3S, ClCH3O3S, OC 4 3 10 Cn
OC ICHQIIuO, CICS3S CH 3nO3S C3l3S. FIClCS 3Qlu3O3S
CH vClIICIICS OISuCSICS CH l3CInCS IClnIH3ICS OC 10 3
30 Cn OC ICHQIIuO, CClCI3 IllCQuI3l, vICI3CC3, CCH 4
CSI3nOlCS CH 2 3lCS, CxClICS. SC nuIIIIIC3 nCOI3HIC
CSI3C3S OC I3IIC. L3 I3HI3CICH SC uCOC lC3II23l OC fCl-
n3 OIlCCI3 nCOI3HIC CSI3C3S I SIH Il3SI3HICI, 3 OISI3H-
CI3 OC 40 Cn CHIlC I3HI3S I uH3 SCI3 HIICl3 OC C3O3 C3H-
IClCI. EI CuIIIvC SC uCOC lC3II23l CH IuQ3lCS OCHOC CI
SunIHISIlC OC 3Qu3 HC SC3 nuy CfICICHIC. NC lCSuII3 uH
CuIIIvC nuy CCHvCHICHIC 3l3 ICS C3HIClCS OCI
ClQ3HCCHICC, CluC I3 fCCH3 CIIn3 3l3 CI IHICIC
OCI CClIC OC fCII3}C CS CHIlC ICS 7 y 9 nCSCS, IC uC H3CC
uC ICS C3HIClCS CSICH CCu3OCS Oul3HIC nuCHC IICn-
C, ClC Sl lCSuII3 III CH ICS C3HIClCS ClInCIl3ICS C
CH I3S CClC3S OCI 3lC3 OC I3 uHIO3O. T3nOICH lCSuII3
nuy 3CCHSC}3OIC 3l3 ICS HuClICS IHICHSIvCS y 3l3 Iu-
Q3lCS OC O3}3S lCCIII3CICHCS C OIflCIICS CCHOICICHCS
3l3 CI SunIHISIlC lCQuI3l OC 3Qu3. ES CuIIIv3OIC ICOC
CI 3HC.
"!
Comlno crlollo lPectlS flrlbunda A. klchl
T3nOICH SC CCHCCC CCnC P. CICHQ3I3 y P. IunClI. ES
uH3 I3HI3 l3nCS3 uC 3IC3H23 uH3 3IIul3 OCSOC 15 3 75
Cn, CI I3IIC CS ClQuIOC, ICHCSC CH I3 O3SC y lCSCHI3
l3n3S Cu3Ol3HQu3IlCS. L3S HC}3S SCH IIHC3ICS OC 1 H3SI3
4 Cn OC ICHQIIuO y lCSCHI3H CH Su O3SC SCI3S I CICS
QluCSCS CH C3HIIO3O OC 1 H3SI3 6 3lCSI. L3S fIClCS SC
lCSCHI3 CH C3lIuICS CuCHCS, CCH fIClCS nCl3O3S C
3n3lIII3S. ESI3 I3HI3, Cu3HOC CS }CvCH, IICHC uH CICl
CHCIl3HIC 3 IInCH, ClC CH I3 fICl3CICH, CSIC CICl SC
Il3HSfCln3 CH CCnIHC. T3nOICH CS uH3 I3HI3 nCOICI-
H3I, lCCCnCHO3O3 3l3 I3S CHfClnCO3OCS OCI Il3CIC
OIQCSIIvC.
PlantaS MedlclnaleS de mayor uSo en Venezuela
AIO3H3C3 BI3HC3 IOCInun MICl3HIHunI
AIO3H3C3 MCl3O3 IOCInun B3SIIICunI
C3H3 OC I3 lHOI3 ICCSIuS VIIICSSISInun L.I
JCHQIOlC IZIHQIOCl OffICIH3IIS PCSC.I
Cl3H3O3 IPuHIC3 Cl3H3Iun L.I
HIClO3 MCl3 ISCI3Hun IQlun L.I
LI3HICH IPI3HI3QC M3}Cl L.I
NIn IA23OIl3CIH3 lHOIC3 JuSSI
OHCIC IBIx3 OlCII3H3 L.I
OlCQ3HC ILII3 AIO3 IMIIII N.C. Bl.I
OlCQ3HCH ICCICuS AHOCIHICuS LCulI
P32CIC ICHCHCCOIun AnOlCSICIOCS L.I
PCS3 OC BClOClI3 INClIun OIC3HOCl L.I
T3lI3QC IPICIHuS CCnuHIS L.I
TClCH}II IMCIISS3 OffICIH3IIS L.I
YClO3 BuCH3 IMCHI3 OffICIH3IIS L.I
Z3OII3 IAICC VCl3 L.I
S3uCC IS3nOuCuS MCxIC3H3 C. PlCS. Cx DCI
PuO3 IPuI3 Cl3vCCICHS L.I
PCnClC IPCSn3lIHuS OffICIH3IIS L.I
C3lOC S3HIC IAlQCnCHC MCxIC3H3 L.I
C3yCH3 IHIOISCuS PCS3-SIHCHSIS L.I
""
Manejo de loS cultlvoS
en organopnlcoS
y huertoS lntenSlvoS
L3 lCOuCCICH OC HClI3II23S CH CCHOICICHCS OC
ClQ3HCCHICCS y HuClICS IHICHSIvCS lCuIClC OC CuIO3OCS
CSCCI3ICS CH C3O3 CuIIIvC CH 3lIICuI3l; HC COSI3HIC, CH
CSIC M3Hu3I SC Il3I3H 3IQuHCS 3SCCICS uC , CCnC IlHC3S
QCHCl3ICS, SC OCOCH ICn3l CH CuCHI3 .
TlpoS y normaS de Slembra
P3l3 CI C3SC OC HClI3II23S OC HC}3S, CCHOInCHICS y
l3O3HIICS, SC uCOCH lC3II23l I3S SICnOl3S CH n3lCCS Cu3-
Ol3OCS C IlCS OCIIIICS, OC nCOC Il3HSvClS3I 3I 3HCHC OCI
C3HIClC, y3 uC ClnIIC uH3 n3yCl OCHSIO3O OC I3HI3S
Cl nCIlC Cu3Ol3OC y f3CIIII3 I3S I3OClCS OC CSC3lO3.
P3l3 CI C3SC OC ICn3ICS, 3}lCS, H3OICHuCI3S y CIHCS, I3
SICnOl3 n3S 3OCCu3O3 CCHSISIC CH 2 HIICl3S 3 IC I3lQC OCI
C3HIClC y, CxCCIC ICS 3}lCS, OCOCH SCl IuICl3OCS 3l3
COICHCl fluICS OC 3II3 C3IIO3O y CICv3OCS lCHOInICHICS,
n3yCl OCHSIO3O OC SICnOl3 y CvII3l uC ICS fluICS SC CH-
Q3H CH CCHI3CIC CCH CI SuSIl3IC, y CvII3l 3Sl nCln3S CH CI
lCHOInICHIC Cl uOlICICH OC ICS fluICS. L3S H3OICHuCI3S
y ICn3ICS OC ClCCInICHIC OCIClnIH3OC HC lCuIClCH OC
IuIClCS.
5emlllero en organopnlco
EI 3lC3 CSCCQIO3 3l3 CI SCnIIIClC OCOC CSI3l OCHIlC OC I3
IHSI3I3CICH, ClC OICH OIfClCHCI3O3 OCI lCSIC OC I3 lCOuC-
CICH.
P3l3 I3 QClnIH3CICH OC I3S SCnIII3S, SC lCuIClC uH SuSIl3IC
OC f3CII lC3l3CICH y n3HC}C, OC ICxIul3 fIH3, CSIluCIul3
CSI3OIC, CCH 3II3 C33CIO3O OC lCICHCICH OC 3Qu3, CSC3S3
C33CIO3O OC HuIlICICH y O3}3 S3IIHIO3O. PCl CSI3S l32C-
HCS, CH CSC SuSIl3IC OCOCl3 CSI3l lCSCHIC I3 n3IClI3 Cl-
Q3HIC3 CH 3/4 3lICS y ICS n3IClI3ICS 3CCn3H3HICS C-
Ol3H SCl CI SuCIC ICH C3SC OC uC HC SC3 OC ICxIul3
"#
I3SIIC3I u CIlCS, CCnC I3 C3SC3lIII3, CI 3SClllH OC n3OCl3S
OI3HC3S, CH 1/4 3lIC. L3 nC2CI3 SC lC3l3 OICH uHIfCl-
nC, 33lI3HOC ICS ICllCHCS Ql3HOCS y OCSuCS SC lCIICH3
CI C3HIClC C lCCIICHIC CSCCQIOC 3l3 CI SCnIIIClC, SC lIC-
Q3 3OuHO3HICnCHIC y SC OC}3 lCCS3l Cl 24 HCl3S. AI Ol3
SIQuICHIC, y3 CSI3 IISIC 3l3 SCl SCnOl3OC. SC OCOC n3H-
ICHCl CI SuSIl3IC OICH nuIIIOC, IIOlC OC n3IC23S y lCSICS
OC Il3SI3HICS 3HIClIClCS.
P3l3 I3 SICnOl3 CH CI SCnIIIClC, SC Il323H SulCCS OC CC3
lCfuHOIO3O, Il3HSvClS3ICS 3I C3HIClC, SC3l3OCS 10 C 15
Cn uHCS OC CIlCS, OCCHOICHOC OC I3 CSCCIC uC SC v3 3
SCnOl3l. L3S SCnIII3S SC SICnOl3H 3 CHCllC CCllIOC y OCS-
uCS SC lCCCOC 3I I33OC CCH uH3 C33 OC SuSIl3IC uC
HC SC3 n3yCl OC 3 vCCCS CI QlCSCl OC I3 SCnIII3. Cu3HOC
HC SC IICHCH CSICS CuIO3OCS, I3 CnClQCHCI3 OC I3S I3HIuI3S
CS OCfICICHIC, uCSIC uC nuClCH SIH 3IC3H23l I3 SuClfI-
CIC OCI SCnIIIClC.
L3 3IIC3CICH OC OICfClIIII23HICS IA2CICO3CICl? I Cl vl3
fCII3l, 3 l32CH OC 2L OCI lCOuCIC Cl 3SCl}3OCl3 OC CS-
3IO3 I18 L OC C33CIO3OI, CCHSIIIuyC uH CSIlnuIC 3l3 CI
ClCCInICHIC.
L3S I3HIuI3S OCOCl3H ClCCCl CH 3uSCHCI3 OC I3HI3S IHOC-
SC3OICS, 3l3 CvII3l I3 CCnCICHCI3 Cl I3 Iu2 y ICS
HuIlInCHICS.
EI lICQC OCOC CSI3l Q3l3HII23OC, OC n3HCl3 uC SC ICQlC
uH3 HunCO3O uHIfClnC y Oul3OCl3. ESIC SC uCOC CCHSC-
QuIl CCH v3lICS lICQCS, OC CClI3 Oul3CICH, Cl Ol3.
P3l3 I3 CCC3 OC SCul3, CI CuOlIl CSI3 3lC3 CCHIlIOuyC 3
3ICHu3l I3 IHCIOCHCI3 OC ICS l3yCS SCI3lCS, uC 3unCHI3H
OCn3SI3OC I3 ICnCl3Iul3 CH I3 SuClfICIC OCI C3HIClC y
lCvCC3H I3 nuClIC OC I3S I3HIuI3S. AOCn3S, 3yuO3 3
CvII3l CI 3I3uC OC 3}3lCS y 3 n3HICHCl uH 3nOICHIC
3Ql3O3OIC 3 I3S I3HI3S.
"$
ES InClI3HIC uC OC 7 3 10 Ol3S OCSuCS OC I3 QClnIH3CICH
SC lC3IICC uH l3ICC CH CI SCnIIIClC, OC n3HCl3 uC SC n3H-
ICHQ3 CI HnClC CCllCCIC OC I3HI3S Cl nCIlC IIHC3I, 3l3
CvII3l uC I3S I3HIuIII3S SC "3HlICH" C CIICICH y SC OCOIII-
ICH 3l3 CI Il3HSI3HIC.
5emlllero en huerto lntenSlvo
PCl I3 InClI3HCI3 uC IICHC OISCHCl OC I3HIuI3S IISI3S
3l3 CI Il3SI3HIC Oul3HIC ICOC CI 3HC, CS HCCCS3lIC IC-
n3l nCOIO3S CH CI HuClIC IHICHSIvC 3l3 Q3l3HII23l uH3
lCOuCCICH CSI3OIC, CCH 3IICS lCHOInICHICS. ESI3S l32C-
HCS H3CCH uC CI 3lC3 3l3 SCnIIIClC OCOC SCl lC3l3O3
OC IQu3I fCln3 uC 3l3 CI ClQ3HCCHICC, CS OCCIl, CCH
Qu3lO3lCS y nC2CI3S OC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 CCH CI SuCIC, 3l3
COICHCl uH SuSIl3IC. AOCn3S, SC CSI3OICCCl3 OC I3I n3HC-
l3 uC uCO3 SCl lCSClv3OC flCHIC 3 IHCICnCHCI3S OCI
IICnC, CCnC 3OuHO3HICS IIuvI3S, vICHICS fuClICS y CIl3S.
Manejo de cultlvoS
kotacln, aSoclacln e lntercalamlento
L3 lCI3CICH OC CuIIIvCS CS CI uSC CCHvCHICHIC y CClIuHC
OC v3lI3S CSCCICS SCOlC uH3 nISn3 SuClfICIC OC SuSIl3IC.
P3l3 CSI3OICCCl CI I3H OC lCI3CICH, SC OCOCl3:
1. CCHI3l CCH uH CuIIIvC lIHCI3I C C3OC23 OC 3IIClH3IIv3,
uC IHOIC3 CI lIHCIIC y fIH OC I3 SuCCSICH CSCCQIO3.
2. ESCCQCl I3HI3S CCH 3IQuH3S OIfClCHCI3S CH Su SISICn3
l3OIC3I, IC Cu3I f3vClCCC uC SC H3Q3 uH3 CxIl3CCICH OC
HuIlInCHICS uHIfClnC CH I3 n3S3 OCI SuSIl3IC; CS OCCIl,
3IIClH3l l3lCCS IvCI3HICS CCH l3lCCS f3SCICuI3O3S.
3. M3HICHCl uH CuIIIOlIC CHIlC I3HI3S nC}Cl3OCl3S IIC-
QunIHCS3SI y I3S OC 3II3 CxIl3CCICH. ESIC SuQIClC uC SC
ICHQ3 CH CuCHI3 CI CuIIIvC OC ICQunIHCS3S CH I3 SCCuCHCI3
CSCCQIO3.
"%
4. SCICCCICH3l v3lICO3OCS OC 3IIC CICHCI3I OC lCHOInICH-
IC, lCSISICHICS 3 I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS y 3O3I3O3S 3 I3
lCQICH y CCC3 OC SICnOl3.
5. ESCCQCl CuIIIvCS uC lCSCHO3H 3 I3 OCn3HO3 lC3I 3I
CCSCCH3lIC y uC SuS C3l3CICllSIIC3S CuOl3H I3S HCCCSIO3-
OCS 3IInCHIICI3S OC I3 COI3CICH.
6. EvII3l CI 3I3uC SCvClC OC 3IQuH3S I3Q3S y COICHCl uH
OuCH OCS3llCIIC OC ICS CuIIIvCS. P3l3 CIIC SC OCOC lCSCI3l
I3 fCCH3 OC SICnOl3 OC C3O3 HClI3II23.
7. BuSC3l uH3 SCCuCHCI3 OCI CuIIIvC CH I3 uC 3IIClHCH I3H-
I3S OC v3lI3S f3nIII3S OCI3HIC3S, uC CCHIlIOuy3H 3 OISnI-
HuIl I3S COI3CICHCS OC I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS.
L3 3SCCI3CICH OC CuIIIvCS CSI3 lCI3CICH3O3 CCH CI uSC CCH-
vCHICHIC OCI 3lC3 OCI C3HIClC y ClnIIC COICHCl n3yCl
lCHOInICHIC Cl nCIlC Cu3Ol3OC, OISnIHuyC I3 COI3CICH
OC HCn3ICOCS, lCICQC CI SuSIl3IC OC I3 ClCSICH lCOuCI-
O3 Cl CI In3CIC OC I3S QCI3S OC 3Qu3 OC IIuvI3 y, 3OC-
n3S, 3yuO3 3 uC I3S I3HI3S IHOCSC3OICS HC lCIIfClCH.
L3 3SCCI3CICH OC CuIIIvCS OCOC CunIIl CIClICS lCuISIICS,
I3ICS CCnC:
1. OuC I3S I3HI3S CSCCQIO3S ICHQ3H ClICS II3n3HCSI OIfC-
lCHICS 3I CuIIIvC lIHCI3I. ES OCCIl, CCnOIH3l CuIIIvCS
CCnC ICn3IC, H3OICHuCI3 C CIHC, CCH ICCHuQ3S, l3O3-
HCS, 3CCIQ3 CHIH3 y CIlCS.
2. OuC CI CICIC OC vIO3 OCI CuIIIvC 3SCCI3OC SC3 n3S CClIC
uC CI OCI lIHCI3I.
3. L3 OISI3HCI3 OC SICnOl3 OCI CuIIIvC 3SCCI3OC OCOCl3 CS-
I3l SuOClOIH3O3 3 I3 OCI CuIIIvC lIHCI3I.
4. EI CuIIIvC 3SCCI3OC OCOCl3 SCl SICnlC OC Il3HSI3HIC,
CxCCIC CI l3O3HC y I3 3CCIQ3 CHIH3, CCH SICnOl3 OIlCCI3
CH CI CuIIIvC lIHCI3I.
"&
5. TCHCl CH CuCHI3 uC I3 HCCCSIO3O OC 3Qu3 y flCCuCHCI3
OC lICQC SC3H CCn3IIOICS CCH CI CuIIIvC lIHCI3I.
Tabla 3. ASoclacloneS de cultlvoS mS utlllzadoS
Cultivo
Principal
Cultivo
asociado
Cultivo
principal
Cultivo
asociado
Tomate Lechuga Tomate Rabanito
Tomate Acelga
Pepino Lechuga Pepino Rabanito
Habichuela Rabanito Habichuela Lechuga
Pimiento Lechuga Pimiento Rabanito
Aj Espinaca Aj Col china
Cebollino Lechuga Habichuela Acelga
Zanahoria Rabanito Zanahoria Lechuga
Cmo deflnlr el eSpaclo ptlmo entre loS cultlvoS aSo
cladoS?
UH3 fCln3 nuy l3CIIC3 y I3 n3S uIIII23O3 3l3 OCfIHIl CI
CS3CIC CIInC 3l3 I3S I3HI3S 3SCCI3O3S CS C3ICuI3HOC CI
lCnCOIC OC I3S OISI3HCI3S lCCCnCHO3O3S 3l3 C3O3 CuIII-
vC IHOIvIOu3I. PCl C}CnIC, SI SC SICnOl3 CIHC 25 Cn
CHIlC I3HI3SIy ICCHuQ3 I15 Cn CHIlC I3HI3SI, SC Sun3H
25Cn y 15 Cn, IC uC O3 uH ICI3I OC 40 Cn CSI3 C3HIIO3O
SC OIvIOC CHIlC 2 y O3 uH lCSuII3OC OC 20 Cn, uC SCll3 CI
CS3CIC CIInC 3l3 CS3 3SCCI3CICH.
LaboreS culturaleS
TCO3S I3S I3OClCS CuIIul3ICS CCHIlIOuyCH 3 uC CI SuSIl3IC
Cln3HC2C3 nuIIIOC y uHIfClnC, OC nCOC uC CCHSIIIu-
y3 uH ICCHC IOCHCC 3l3 I3S I3HI3S.
"'
Ellmlnacln de malaS hlerbaS
L3 vCQCI3CICH IHOCSC3OIC CCHSIIIuyC uHC OC ICS lCOIC-
n3S n3S SClICS CHIlC ICS uC lCOuCCH ICS lCHOInICHICS.
SC H3CC HCCCS3lIC ClQ3HI23l uH CCnO3IC CCHIl3 CII3. L3S
HIClO3S IHOCSC3OICS OCOCH SCl CxIl3lO3S CCH CuIO3OC, 3l3
HC Cl}uOIC3l CI CuIIIvC, y CCH ICOC Su SISICn3 l3OIC3I, 3l3
CvII3l Su lC3Q3CICH; 3OCn3S, SC OCOCl3H S3C3l fuCl3 OCI
3lC3, 3l3 n3HICHCl IInICS ICS 3SIIICS.
Alreacln del SuStrato
CCH CI CSC3lIfIC3OCl Il3OICICH3I C CCH uH Q3l3O3IC, lCn-
Cl I3 CCSIl3 C C33 Oul3 uC SC fCln3 CH I3 SuClfICIC OCI
C3HIClC, 3l3 f3vClCCCl I3 3IlC3CICH OC I3S I3HI3S, f3CIII-
I3l I3 CHCIl3CICH OCI 3Qu3 OC lICQC y H3CClI3 IICQ3l n3S
f3CII 3 I3S l3lCCS y CvII3l, 3OCn3S, I3 Cv3Cl3CICH.
lnverSln del SuStrato
DCSuCS OC C3O3 CCSCCH3, lCnCvCl CCH lCfuHOIO3O CI
SuSIl3IC, 3l3 CIInIH3l ICS lCSIOuCS OC CCSCCH3,
OCSCCn3CI3l, nC}Cl3l I3 3IlC3CICH y CCHIlIOuIl 3 I3 CIInI-
H3CICH OC CSIOICS 3ICQCHCS OCI SuCIC. PCSIClICl 3 I3 IH-
vClSICH OCI SuSIl3IC, SC OCOC lCCCOCl 3 Cn3lC}3l I3S IllC-
QuI3lIO3OCS uC lCSCHI3. ESI3 I3OCl SC uCOC lC3II23l CCH
l3SIlIIIC, I3OI3 I3H3 u CIlC IHSIlunCHIC IOCHCC.
Aporque
CCHSISIC CH 3llIn3l SuSIl3IC 3 I3 I3HI3 3l3 3yuO3l 3 Su
3HCI3}C. SC lC3II23, lIHCI3InCHIC, CH CIClICS CuIIIvCS OC
ClIC 3IIC, CCnC ICn3IC, ClC OC n3HCl3 uC I3 I3HI3
HC Sufl3 Cl 3SfIxI3.
Tutorado y empalado
EI IuICl3OC SC OCOC lC3II23l CCH CuIO3OC 3l3 HC O3H3l I3S
I3HI3S. EI 3n3llC SC OCOC H3CCl C3O3 vC2 uC I3S Qul3S
v3y3H ClCCICHOC. ESIC Q3l3HII23 fluICS OC nC}Cl C3IIO3O
y n3S S3HCS. AOCn3S, f3CIIII3 I3 lCCCQIO3, ClnIIC uH
#
nC}Cl CCHIlCI OC I3S I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS, f3CIIII3 3lC-
vCCH3l nC}Cl CI ICllCHC y I3 Iu2 SCI3l. ES InlCSCIHOIOIC
CH ICn3IC, CIHC y v3IHII3S OC ClCCInICHIC IHOCIClnI-
H3OC.
EntreSaque de plntulaS
L3OCl uC SC lC3II23 Cu3HOC I3 SICnOl3 CS OCn3SI3OC OCH-
S3. CCHSISICHIC CH CIInIH3l I3S I3HI3S CH CxCCSC y OC}3l
I3S n3S vIQClCS3S y OCS3llCII3O3S, 3 I3 OISI3HCI3 lCCCnCH-
O3O3.
ESIC OCOC SCl lC3II23OC CH CI nCnCHIC 3OCCu3OC 3l3
C3O3 CuIIIvC, CCH CuIO3OC, SC3l3HOC H3CI3 uH I3OC I3S I3H-
I3S uC SC v3H 3 CIInIH3l, 3ll3HC3HOCI3S Su3vCnCHIC y CH
CSI3 CCl3CICH, lCSICH3l CI SuCIC 3IlCOCOCl OC I3S uC SC
uCOCH, 3l3 CvII3l ICSICH3lI3S.
keSlembra
EH C3SC OC f3II3S CH I3 QClnIH3CICH OC I3S SCnIII3S C CH CI
Il3SI3HIC, SC H3l3 uH3 lCSICnOl3 IC 3HICS CSIOIC, 3l3
Q3l3HII23l I3 ICI3IIO3O OC I3S I3HI3S CH CI C3HIClC. ESI3 SC
lC3II23l3 CCH I3HIuI3S S3H3S y vIQClCS3S, lCvCHICHICS OCI
CHIlCS3uC C OCI SCnIIIClC, C CCH SCnIII3 OC I3 nISn3 uII-
II23O3 CH I3 SICnOl3.
Llmpleza de paSlllo
SC uCOC H3CCl CCH IHSIlunCHIC OC I3Ol3H23 C n3Hu3I,
CIInIH3HOC ICO3 I3 n3IC23 lCSCHIC CHIlC C3HIClCS, n3S
uC Cl CSICIIC3, CluC SC uCOC CCHvClIIl CH uH
lCSClvClIC OC 3QCHICS 3ICQCHCS. ESI3 I3OCl SC OCOC lC3-
II23l Cu3HOC I3S HIClO3S IHOCSC3OICS SC CHCuCHIlCH CuC-
H3S. LCS lCSIOuCS uCOCH SClvIl 3l3 lCOuCIl CCnCSI.
#
klego
EH C3O3 uHIO3O OC lCOuCCICH, CI f3CICl fuHO3nCHI3I OC
I3 CfICICHCI3 OCI lICQC CSI3 CH I3 n3CSIll3 uC uCOC ICHCl
CI HCnOlC CH lCI3CICH3l I3 HCCCSIO3O OC 3Qu3 OC ICS CuIII-
vCS, SCQH I3 f3SC OC OCS3llCIIC CH uC SC CHCuCHIlCH, CCH
CI CICHCI3I OC fClIIIIO3O OC uH SuSIl3IC C SuCIC. Y, 3 Su
vC2, I3 fClIIIIO3O CSI3 CH fuClIC OCCHOCHCI3 OCI Ql3OC OC
HunCO3O uC n3HICHQ3 CI SuSIl3IC, Cl IC uC SC OCOCH
CvII3l 3I n3xInC CSIOIC CI SCOlCHunCOCCInICHIC y CI
lCSCC3nICHIC.
ES HCCCS3lIC uC CI HCnOlC ICHQ3 CH CuCHI3 uC CI CxCC-
SC OC HunCO3O lCvCC3 CI OCS3llCIIC OC 3IQ3S SCOlC I3
SuClfICIC y I3 f3II3 OC CxlQCHC CH CI SISICn3 l3OIC3I. L3
f3II3 OC HunCO3O lCvCC3 CI IHClCnCHIC OC I3 CCHCCH-
Il3CICH OC I3S S3ICS uC uCOCH SCl ICxIC3S CH I3 n3yCll3
OC ICS CuIIIvCS.
CCHCCCl CCnC, Cu3HOC y Cu3HIC lCQ3l, CSIOIIII3 CI SunI-
HISIlC 3OCCu3OC OC 3Qu3 3 ICS CuIIIvCS y, Cl CCHSIQuICH-
IC, IHClCnCHIC CH CI lCHOInICHIC y C3IIO3O OC I3 lCOuC-
CICH.
Cmo regar?
EH CSIC 3SCCIC, InClI3 Cu3I CS I3 ICCHIC3 OC lICQC OC I3
Cu3I OISCHC I3 uHIO3O, y3 SC3 n3HQuCl3, lCQ3OCl3 C v3-
lI3HICS OC SISICn3S ICC3II23OCS InIClC3SClSICH, QCICC,
CIC.I. AOCn3S, H3y uC CCHSIOCl3l I3 fuCHIC OC 3O3SIC, Su
uOIC3CICH y C3IIO3O OC 3Qu3.
CCH ICOC CSIC CCHCCInICHIC, SC COl3 lC3II23l uH3 I3HI-
fIC3CICH CH Cu3HIC 3 ICS CuIIIvCS uC SC OCOCH lIClI23l,
IHvClSICHCS HCCCS3lI3S, HCln3S 3l3 lCQ3l C3O3 C3HIClC y
HCCCSIO3O OC fuCl23 OC Il3O3}C.
#
Cundo regar?
EI CSI3OC OC OCS3llCIIC OCI CuIIIvC lClCSCHI3 uH 3SCCIC
InClI3HIC CH CI nCnCHIC OC CHIlCQ3l I3S C3HIIO3OCS OC
3Qu3 uC I3S I3HI3S HCCCSII3H. EH CSIC SCHIIOC, ICS n3xI-
nCS v3IClCS, Cl C}CnIC, CH CI C3SC OCI ICn3IC, SC H3H
COICHIOC CH I3 f3SC OC fICl3CICH - fluCIIfIC3CICH y nCHC-
lCS CH I3 f3SC OC CSI3OICCInICHIC y n3Oul3CICH - CCSCCH3,
IC Cu3I SC ICQl3 CCH CI uSC OCI lCHCSIICC OC lICQC. P3l3
ICS vCQCI3ICS OC HC}3S, CH ICS Ol3S CSIClIClCS 3I Il3SI3H-
IC, CS HCCCS3lIC Q3l3HII23l uH3 OuCH3 HunCO3O, SIH uC
CI SuCIC C SuSIl3IC SC SCOlCHunCOC2C3 ICHCH3luCI y 3Sl
CvII3l 3II3S nClI3IIO3OCS. M3S I3lOC, Oul3HIC I3 f3SC OC
ClCCInICHIC l3IOC, HCCCSII3 3OuHO3HIC C3HIIO3O OC 3Qu3.
Cunto regar?
ES IHOISCHS3OIC CCHCCCl I3 C3HIIO3O OC 3Qu3 uC SC HC-
CCSII3, OI3lI3nCHIC, CH I3 uHIO3O OC lCOuCCICH, CCH vIS-
I3S 3 Cv3Iu3l SI CI 3O3SICCInICHIC OISCHIOIC CuOlC C HC I3
OCn3HO3 OI3lI3. L3 O3SC OC CSIC l3OIC3 CH CI IIC OC
SuSIl3IC C SuCIC uC lCOCnIH3 CH CI ClQ3HCCHICC C
HuClIC IHICHSIvC, CI CuIIIvC y SuS CxIQCHCI3S CH 3Qu3 y, n3S
uC CSIC, CI CSI3OC OC OCS3llCIIC OCI CuIIIvC.
P3l3 uH3 n3yCl CfICICHCI3 OCI lICQC, CS HCCCS3lIC CCHSIOC-
l3l ICS 3SCCICS SIQuICHICS:
- FuCHICS OC 3O3SICCInICHIC
- C3IIO3O OCI 3Qu3
- DlCH3}C
- TCCHIC3S OC lICQC
FuenteS de abaSteclmlento
ESIC 3SCCIC HC SICnlC CS CCHSIOCl3OC CH lInCl ClOCH
OC InClI3HCI3 y, Cl I3I l32CH, CH CC3SICHCS SC OCSCCHC-
CC, OC OCHOC lCvICHC CI 3Qu3 uC H3 OC SCl uIIII23O3 3l3
lICQC IC2C, lCS3, lI3CHuCIC, CIC.I. ES HCCCS3lIC CCHCCCl
CI IIC OC fuCHIC, Su uOIC3CICH ICCQl3fIC3 y Su C33CIO3O
3l3 COCl OISCH3l CI SISICn3 OC lICQC uC SC v3 3 uIIII23l,
#!
3Sl CCnC I3 CCHSIluCCICH OC COl3S OC fIIIl3OC y 3l3 I3
CCHOuCCICH OCI 3Qu3.
Calldad de agua
L3 C3IIO3O OCI 3Qu3 OC lICQC uCOC v3lI3l,
SIQHIfIC3IIv3nCHIC, SCQH CI IIC y C3HIIO3O OC S3ICS OI-
SuCII3S, I3S Cu3ICS SCH Il3HSClI3O3S Cl CI 3Qu3 OC lICQC
y OCCSII3O3S CH CI SuCIC y SuSIl3IC, OCHOC SC 3CunuI3H 3
nCOIO3 uC CI 3Qu3 SC Cv3Cl3 C CS CCHSunIO3 Cl I3S
I3HI3S.
LCS lCOICn3S n3S CCnuHCS SCQH ICS Cu3ICS SC Cv3I3H
ICS CfCCICS OC I3 C3IIO3O OCI 3Qu3 SCH ICS lCI3CICH3OCS CCH
I3 S3IIHIO3O, I3 vCICCIO3O OC IHfIIIl3CICH OCI 3Qu3 CH CI SuC-
IC, I3 ICxICIO3O OC CICnCHICS CSCClfICCS y CIlCS. ExISICH
lCOICn3S OC S3IIHIO3O Cu3HOC I3S S3ICS SC 3CunuI3H CH I3
2CH3 l3OICuI3l, CH uH3 CCHCCHIl3CICH I3I uC CCullCH Cl-
OIO3S OC I3 lCOuCCICH. P3lIC OC CSI3S S3ICS uC SC CH-
CuCHIl3H CH CI SuCIC uCOCH SCl OCSI323O3S OC I3 2CH3
l3OICuI3l, 3IIC3HOC uH3 n3yCl C3HIIO3O OC 3Qu3, uC Su-
ClC I3S HCCCSIO3OCS OC I3S I3HI3S Oul3HIC Su CICIC
vCQCI3IIvC.
LCS lHOICCS OC C3IIO3O OCI 3Qu3 uC SuCICH IHfIuIl CH I3
IHfIIIl3CICH SCH:
1- CCHICHIOC ICI3I OC S3ICS.
2- CCHICHIOC OC SCOIC, CH lCI3CICH CCH ICS CCHICHIOCS OC
C3ICIC y n3QHCSIC.
UH3 3II3 S3IIHIO3O 3unCHI3 I3 IHfIIIl3CICH, nICHIl3S uC
uH3 O3}3 S3IIHIO3O C uH3 lCClCICH 3II3 OCI SCOIC SCOlC
CI C3ICIC, I3 OISnIHuyC. ESICS lCOICn3S SC Cv3I3H 3 Il3-
vCS OC I3 lCI3CICH OC 3OSClCICH OCI SCCIC IPASI y I3
CCHOuCIIvIO3O CICCIlIC3 ICEI, uC SC 3H3II23H CH ICS I3OCl3-
IClICS CSCCI3II23OCS, Cu3HOC SC H3CCH IICQ3l I3S nuCSIl3S
OC 3Qu3 OC I3S uHIO3OCS.
#"
LCS lCOICn3S OC ICxICIO3O SulQCH Cu3HOC CIClICS CICnCH-
ICS 3OSClOIOCS Cl I3S I3HI3S y 3CunuI3OCS CH ICS IC}I-
OCS, CH CCHCCHIl3CICHCS IC SufICICHICnCHIC 3II3S, lCvC-
C3H O3HCS y lCOuCCH ICS lCHOInICHICS. ESICS SC n3HIfICS-
I3H CCnC uCn3Oul3S CH CI OClOC OC I3S HC}3S y 3SCCIC
OC CIClCSIS. LCS ICHCS OC n3yCl InClI3HCI3 SCH CI SCOIC,
ICS CIClulCS y CI OClC. L3 n3QHIIuO OC ICS O3HCS OCCHOC
OCI IICnC, CCHCCHIl3CICH, ICICl3HCI3 OCI CuIIIvC y vCIu-
nCH OC 3Qu3 Il3HSIl3O3.
LCS lCSuII3OCS OC ICS 3H3IISIS OC 3Qu3 CHvI3OCS 3I I3OCl3IC-
lIC IHOIC3H ICS lICQCS uC SC CCllCH 3I SCl uIIII23O3S y CH
CSIC SCHIIOC, ICS v3IClCS SIQuICHICS uCOCH SClvIl OC Qul3:
- V3IClCS SuClIClCS 3 3 nE/L OC ICS CICnCHICS SCOIC y
CIClulCS, IHOIC3H lICQCS OC IIQClC 3 nCOIC.
- V3IClCS n3yClCS OC 10 nE/L, IHOIC3H uH lICSQC SCvClC.
EI OClC CS uH CICnCHIC uC HC C3uS3 lCOICn3S CH HuCS-
Il3S 3Qu3S, HC COSI3HIC:
- CCH v3IClCS IHfClIClCS 3 3 nE/L CI lICSQC CS OC IIQClC 3
nCOIC y n3yClCS, SC CCHSIOCl3 SCvClC.
Drenaje
ES HCCCS3lIC uC uH3 vC2 uOIC3O3 CI 3lC3 y OISCH3OCS ICS
C3HIClCS, SC CCHSIOClC I3 CCHSIluCCICH OCI SISICn3 OC OlC-
H3}C, CCH vISI3S 3 Cv3Cu3l ICS CxCCSCS OC 3Qu3, lIHCI3I-
nCHIC Cl I3 CCullCHCI3 OC I3 IIuvI3. PCl CIIC, SC OCOC IC-
HCl CH CuCHI3 CI IIC OC SuSIl3IC C SuCIC y I3 CHOICHIC
OCI ICllCHC.
TcnlcaS de rlego
SC uCOCH CHunCl3l 3IQuH3S ICCHIC3S C lICQC, CCnC SCH:
- PICQC ICC3II23OC.
- PICQC CCH lCQ3OCl3 C n3HQuCl3.
##
klego locallzado
Cu3HOC SC OISCHC OC CSIC SISICn3, lCSuII3 InlCSCIHOI-
OIC lC3II23l 3IQuH3S 3CIIvIO3OCS 3l3 CHClIC CH n3lCH3.
A CCHIIHu3CICH SC OCI3II3H, Cl ClOCH OC C}CCuCICH.
1 Llmpleza general del SlStema
AI CHCl CH n3lCH3, Cl lInCl3 vC2, uH SISICn3 OC lICQC
Cl nIClC}CI, SC OCOCH IInI3l ICO3S SuS 3lICS y CIInIH3l
OC Su IHIClICl ICOC CI n3IClI3I lCSIOu3I OCI nCHI3}C I3lC-
H3, ICOl3S, 3lIlCuI3S OC SuCIC, lCSICS vCQCI3ICS, CIC.I 3l3
CvII3l COSIluCCICHCS C IuICICHCS OC ICS CnISClCS.
2 Prueba del funclonamlento del SlStema
ESI3 SC CfCCI3 OCSuCS OCI I3v3OC QCHCl3I OCI SISICn3 y
IICHC, CCnC lInCl CO}CIIvC, CCnlCO3l SI fuHCICH3 CC-
llCCI3nCHIC. P3l3 CSIC, SC 3OlCH I3S v3IvuI3S C II3vCS OC
3CCCSC y SC lCvIS3H ICS CSIOICS S3IIOClCS uC SC uCO3H C
HC lCSCHI3l.
3 klego anteS de la Slembra
EH CI C3SC OCI CuIIIvC uC SC CSI3OICCC OCSuCS OCI nCHI3-
}C ICI3I OCI SISICn3, SC IC 3IIC3 uH lICQC IIQClC, 3l3 f3CIII-
I3l I3 I3OCl OC I3 SICnOl3 y Q3l3HII23l uH CIClIC ICHCl OC
HunCO3O CH CI SuSIl3IC Oul3HIC ICOC CI IICnC uC SC
C}CCuIC CSI3 I3OCl. EI ClOCH y lCQl3n3CICH OC I3 SICn-
Ol3 H3H OC SCl lC3II23OCS ICHICHOC CH CuCHI3 I3S CSIOIII-
O3OCS HIOl3uIIC3S OCI SISICn3; CSIC CS CCH vISI3S 3 CvII3l
lCIul3S Cl CxCCSC OC lCSICHCS y CI OCSClOICIC OC 3Qu3
CH ICS lCxInCS lICQCS.
4 klego deSpuS de la Slembra
EH CSIC lICQC SC OCOC ICQl3l uH3 n3yCl lCSClv3 OC HunC-
O3O CH CI SuSIl3IC y, Cl I3HIC, lCSuII3 OC Ql3H InClI3H-
CI3 CCHSIOCl3l I3 lCfuHOIO3O OC I3 C33 uC SC OCOC Hu-
nCOCCCl, 3l3 ICQl3l uH nC}Cl CSI3OC HlOlICC OC I3S I3H-
I3S.
#$
klego con regadera
SI SC OISCHC OC lCQ3OCl3, SC OCOCl3 CCHCCCl I3 C3HIIO3O
OC 3Qu3 uC uCOC CCHICHCl. AOCn3S SC OCOCl3 C3ICuI3l
I3 C3HIIO3O OC lCQ3OCl3S uC H3CCH f3II3 3l3 uH C3HIClC,
OC uH3 n3HCl3 l3CIIC3. EH CSIC C3SC, I3nOICH H3y uC
ICHCl CH CuCHI3 I3S CxISICHCI3S OCI CuIIIvC y CI IIC OC SuC-
IC C SuSIl3IC.
5ANlDAD VE0ETAL
L3 IuCH3 CCHIl3 I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS CH I3 3QlICuIIul3
ulO3H3 SC lC3II23 nCOI3HIC CI n3HC}C IHICQl3OC OC C3O3
CuIIIvC, OCHOC SC uHCH, OC fCln3 3lnCHIC3 y O3I3HCC3O3,
ICOCS ICS CICnCHICS uC IHCIOCH SCOlC I3S I3HI3S:
SuSIl3IC, lICQC, I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS, CCHIlCICS OICIC-
QICCS, H3Iul3ICS y CI CIIn3, CHIlC CIlCS.
UH3 I3HI3 vIQClCS3, OCS3llCII3O3 CH uH SuSIl3IC CCH uH
3OCCu3OC O3I3HCC OC HuIlInCHICS y HunCO3O, CuIIIv3O3
CH uH 3nOICHIC 3QlCCCCICQICC f3vCl3OIC, CCH I3 3IIC3-
CICH OC uH3 CSnCl3O3 3ICHCICH CuIIul3I, lCSISIC nC}Cl CI
3I3uC OC I3S I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS.
EHIlC ICS nCOICS y nCOIO3S uC SC OCOCH uIIII23l CH CI
n3HC}C IHICQl3OC OC I3Q3S, SC H3CC CHf3SIS CH ICS HC
CCHI3nIH3HICS OCI nCOIC 3nOICHIC. LCS I3QuICIO3S ul-
nICCS SC uIIII23l3H CH C3SCS CxIlCnCS, 3uIClI23OCS Cl
CSCCI3IISI3S CH S3HIO3O vCQCI3I.
MedldaS generaleS para el control de laS plagaS
1- CCICC3l uHICS OC OCSIHfCCCICH OC ICS y n3HCS CH I3
CHIl3O3 OC I3S 3lC3S OC lCOuCCICH, CH CSCCI3I, CH
ClQ3HCCHICCS.
2- L3S 3lC3S OC CuIIIvC y SuS 3IlCOCOClCS OCOCH CSI3l IIOlCS
OC I3HI3S IHOCSC3OICS In3IC23SI, I3S uC CCHSIIIuyCH fC-
CCS OC IHSCCICS O3HIHCS y CHfClnCO3OCS.
#%
3- M3HICHCl uH CHCuCC SISICn3IICC OC I3 IHfCSI3CICH Cl
HCn3ICOCS y 3IIC3l I3S nCOIO3S lCCCnCHO3O3S.
4- SC IInII3l3 I3 CHIl3O3 OC ClSCH3I 3}CHC, HC 3uIClI23OC,
3 I3S 3lC3S OC lCOuCCICH.
5- C3l3HII23l uC I3S SCnIII3S SC3H OC 3II3 C3IIO3O, v3IIO3-
O3S Cl uH3 CClIIfIC3CICH.
6- SC uIIII23l3H I3HIuI3S CCnICI3nCHIC S3H3S, lCOuCI-
O3S CH I3 uHIO3O C CH 3lC3S CSCCI3II23O3S.
7- PI3HIfIC3l I3 SICnOl3 SCQH CI C3ICHO3lIC CIInC, ICHICH-
OC CH CuCHI3 CI lCQl3n3 OC lCI3CICH OC CuIIIvCS y CvII3l
I3 CCIIHO3HCI3 CCH CSCCICS y v3lICO3OCS 3fIHCS.
8- M3HICHCl uH 3OCCu3OC SISICn3 OC OlCH3}C, 3l3 CvII3l
ICS CHCH3lC3nICHICS y CI CxCCSC OC HunCO3O.
9- EIInIH3l, CCH l3IOC2, ICS lCSIOuCS OC CCSCCH3, uH3 vC2
CCHCIuIO3 CSI3.
10- SC lCHlOC fun3l y n3HIuI3l I3S I3HI3S SIH lCvIC
I3v3OC OC n3HCS, fuHO3nCHI3InCHIC OC ICn3IC, InCH-
ICH, 3}l y CIl3S SuSCCIIOICS 3I 3I3uC OC vIluS OCI nCS3ICC
OC I3O3CC ITMVI.
11- CCICC3l Il3n3S 3n3lIII3S, 32uICS, OI3HC3S y OC Iu2 3l3
C3Iul3l IHSCCICS O3HIHCS.
12- SCnOl3l O3llCl3S OC I3HI3S lCCICHICS, 3l3 OISnI-
HuIl I3 IHCIOCHCI3 OC I3Q3S CH ICS CuIIIvCS.
13- AIIC3l I3S nCOIO3S lCCCnCHO3O3S 3l3 CI CCHIlCI OC
O3OCS3S, C3l3CCICS y QlIIICS.
14- AIIC3l, OC fCln3 lCvCHIIv3 y SISICn3IIC3, CIlCS nC-
OICS OC CCHIlCI OICICQICC lCCCnCHO3OCS CH CSIC M3Hu3I
y lCICQCl ICS ClQ3HISnCS OICICQICCS H3Iul3ICS.
#&
15- SCICCCICH HCQ3IIv3 OC I3HI3S 3I3C3O3S Cl vIluS.
16- PCI3CICH OC CuIIIvCS y nCOIO3S OC Cu3lCHICH3, CH CS-
CCI3I, 3l3 vIluS, O3CIClI3S y HCn3ICOCS.
MedldaS fltoSanltarlaS eSpecflcaS para reaS de Se
mllleroS.
1- SCICCCICH3l CI 3lC3 uC ICHQ3 I3S CCHOICICHCS CIIn3S
OC C3IIO3O OCI SuCIC y OlCH3}C.
2- AIIC3l nCOIO3S OC OCSIHfCCCICH OCI SuSIl3IC, 3HICS OC
C3O3 SICnOl3, CCH TlICHCOCln3 vIlIOCS C T. H3l2I3Hun, 3
l32CH OC 10 3 20 Q/L OC 3Qu3 I OC 4 3 8 kQ/H3I, C CH CIvC,
CH OCSIS OC 1 Q/n2, 48 HCl3S 3HICS OC I3 SICnOl3.
3- EI SCnIIIClC OCOC CSI3l 3IC}3OC C lCICQIOC OC I3 IHfIuCH-
CI3 OC CuIIIvCS 3OuIICS CCIIHO3HICS, nCOI3HIC O3llCl3S
H3Iul3ICS C I3HI3S - Il3n3 y lCCICHICS y, lCfClIOIC-
nCHIC, lCICQIO3S CCH I33OC y n3II3.
4- PC3II23l SCICCCICH HCQ3IIv3 OC I3HI3S y fCCCS CHfClnCS,
y OC}3l uH 3lC3 IInI3 OC 10 Cn OCSOC CI OClOC OC I3S I3H-
I3S CHfCln3S.
5- S3C3l OCI 3lC3 OCI SCnIIIClC y OCSIluIl I3S I3HI3S CHfCl-
n3S .
6- EIInIH3l ICO3S I3S I3HIuI3S 3S3O3S OC IICnC y ICS
lCSICS OC I3HIuI3S uC HCS SC v3H 3 uIIII23l CH CI
Il3HSI3HIC.
7- PC3II23l uH3 3OCCu3O3 OCSIHfCCCICH OC SCnIII3S CCH
TlICHCOCln3 H3l2I3Hun C TlICHCOCln3 vIlIOCS, CH fCln3
IluIO3, 3 10 I100 nL/LI vCIunCH/vCIunCH, C CH SuSCH-
SICH 20 Q/L, CH CIvC, Cl IHnClSICH Oul3HIC 10 nIH. SC
SCC3 I3 SCnIII3 3I 3IlC y 3In3CCH3l H3SI3 30 Ol3S 3HICS OC I3
SICnOl3.
#'
8- CCHCCCl CI ClCCHI3}C OC QClnIH3CICH OC I3 SCnIII3, 3l3
3IIC3l I3 C3HIIO3O 3OCCu3O3 Cl 3lC3 y CvII3l CI CxCCSC
OC I3HI3S.
9- AIn3CCH3l I3 SCnIII3 CH IuQ3lCS flCSCCS y SCCCS, lCfClI-
OICnCHIC 3 ICnCl3Iul3 OC 20 ? 2 C.
10- UIIII23l SCnIII3S CClIIfIC3O3S, IIOlCS OC 3ICQCHCS uC
CII3S Il3HSnIICH.
MedldaS de eScape a laS plagaS y enfermedadeS.
EHIlC I3S nCOIO3S OC CCHIlCI OC I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS
SC CHCuCHIl3H I3S II3n3O3S OC CSC3C, uC CCHSISICH CH I3
SICnOl3 OC ICS CuIIIvCS CH Su CCC3 CIIn3, Cu3HOC I3S
CCHOICICHCS nCICClCICQIC3S SCH n3S 3OCCu3O3S 3l3 Su
OCS3llCIIC. ESIC CS uHC OC ICS CICnCHICS uC n3S f3vClC-
CCH CI ClCCInICHIC y OCS3llCIIC OC I3S I3HI3S, uC 3Sl lC-
SCHI3H n3yCl vIQCl y uH CICIC OICICQICC n3S CClIC. EH
CSI3S CCHOICICHCS, I3 I3HI3 uCOC OCS3llCII3l SuS nCC3-
HISnCS OC OCfCHS3 H3Iul3ICS y ICQl3l n3S lCSISICHCI3.
EI CSC3C 3 I3 IHfCCCICH Cl vIluS CH SCI3H3CC3S IICn3IC,
InCHICHI, SC uCOC 3IC3H23l CCH I3 COICHCICH OC
I3HIuI3S IIOlCS OC CHfClnCO3OCS. CCnC CS CCHCCIOC,
nICHIl3S n3S ICnl3HC CS IHCCuI3O3 I3 3lIlCuI3 vIl3I Cl
I3 nCSC3 OI3HC3 3 I3S I3HI3S, n3yCl CS CI O3HC 3 I3 lC-
OuCCICH. SI SC lCOuCCH I3S I3HIuI3S CH SCnIIIClCS lCIC-
QIOCS, OCHOC HC uCO3H SCl 3IC3H23O3S Cl ICS vCCIClCS,
CSI3S IICQ3H S3H3S 3 I3 I3HI3CICH, y SC lCOuCCH I3S ClOI-
O3S Cl CSIC CCHCCIC. DC IQu3I fCln3, SC ICQl3H nCOIO3S
OC CSC3C Cu3HOC SC OCS3llCII3H I3HIuI3S IIOlCS OC CH-
fClnCO3OCS fuHQCS3S, O3CIClI3H3S y HCn3ICOCS, CH I3 f3SC
OC SCnIIIClC.
kotacln de cultlvoS y collndancla
UH3 3OCCu3O3 lCI3CICH C 3IIClH3HCI3 OC CuIIIvCS, 3Sl CCnC
CI CSIlICIC CuIO3OC OC I3 CCIIHO3HCI3, SCH nCOIO3S nuy
CfIC3CCS 3l3 OISnIHuIl ICS O3HCS y ClOIO3S Cl CI 3I3-
uC OC I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS. P3l3 uC CunI3H Su
$
CO}CIIvC, CS HCCCS3lIC ICHCl CH CuCHI3 ICS SIQuICHICS CIC-
nCHICS O3SICCS:
- ES HCCCS3lIC CCHCCCl Cu3ICS I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS 3I3-
C3H 3 ICS CuIIIvCS uC SC v3H 3 lCI3l.
- CCHCCCl I3S I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS n3S InClI3HICS
OCI ClQ3HCCHICC C HuClIC IHICHSIvC, 3l3 OCIClnIH3l
CI lCQl3n3 OC lCI3CICH. UH CSuCn3 OC lCI3CICH uC-
OC SCl nuy CfCCIIvC 3l3 lCOuCIl CI 3I3uC OC uH3 I3-
Q3 C CHfClnCO3O, ClC CS C332 OC IHClCnCHI3l I3 lC-
SCHCI3 OC CIl3S.
- SCnOl3l CH I3 CCC3 OCI 3HC n3S 3OCCu3O3 3l3 C3O3
CuIIIvC. DC CSI3 fCln3, SC uCOCH COICHCl, uHIOCS 3 ICS
CfCCICS OC lCI3CICH, ICS OCHCfICICS OCI CllCOC CIInC
OC OCS3llCIIC.
- ES fuHO3nCHI3I CCHCCCl I3 OCn3HO3 OC HuIlInCHICS
OC ICO3S I3S CSCCICS y Su CfCCIC SCOlC CI CSI3OC flSICC
OCI SuSIl3IC, 3l3 CvII3l ICS lCOICn3S OC HuIlICICH y
OCQl3O3CICH Cl n3I n3HC}C, uC IHfIuyCH CH I3 S3IuO
OC ICS CuIIIvCS.
- UH3 lCI3CICH 3OCCu3O3 CS I3 uC CCnOIH3 CuIIIvCS nuy
SuSCCIIOICS 3 I3S I3Q3S C CHfClnCO3OCS uC H3y uC
CCHIlCI3l, CCH CIlCS nCOI3H3nCHIC lCSISICHICS y lCSIS-
ICHICS, ICHICHOC CH CuCHI3 ICS 4 CICnCHICS O3SICCS
CHunCl3OCS 3HIClIClnCHIC.
- EH CI nCnCHIC OC I3HIfIC3l ICS CuIIIvCS uC SC v3H 3
SCnOl3l CH C3O3 C3HIClC, SC OCOC ICHCl CH CuCHI3 uC
SC OISIlIOuy3H OC I3I fCln3 uC HC uCOCH nuy CClC3
OC CSCCICS uC SCH 3I3C3O3S Cl I3S nISn3S I3Q3S y
CHfClnCO3OCS, C uH3 nISn3 CSCCIC CCH OISIIHI3S fC-
CH3S OC I3HI3CICH.
$
L3 lCI3CICH C 3IIClH3HCI3 OC CuIIIvCS, IHCIuyCHOC 3 I3
CCIIHO3HCI3, CCnC uHC OC SuS CCnCHCHICS O3SICCS, OCOC
SCl uH3 lCCCu3CICH Cln3HCHIC OC C3O3 lCOuCICl,
I3HIC 3 I3 HCl3 OC I3HIfIC3l I3S SICnOl3S OC I3 C3n3H3 C
3HC, CCnC 3I nCnCHIC OC I3 I3HI3CICH, y3 uC CS I3 O3SC
OC ICOC CI lCQl3n3 OC n3HC}C IHICQl3OC OC I3Q3S y
CHfClnCO3OCS.
8loplagulcldaS en el manejo lntegrado de plagaS
EH CI nuHOC CxISICH nIICS OC I3HI3S 3 I3S Cu3ICS SC ICS
3IlIOuyCH CfCCIC IHSCCIICIO3, 3C3lICIO3, HCn3IICIO3,
nCIuSuICIO3, lCOCHIICIO3, fuHQICIO3, O3CIClICIO3 y HClOI-
CIO3, 3Sl CCnC 3IQuH3S uC IHHIOCH CI 3I3uC OC ICS vIluS.
L3S SuSI3HCI3S H3Iul3ICS n3S 3HIIQu3S y OC n3S 3nIIC
CnICC CH CI nuHOC, 3IQuH3S CCH vIQCHCI3 3CIu3I, SCH:
HICCIIH3, I3O3uIH3, IlCIlC, lCICHCH3, 3IC3HfCl, IlCnCH-
IIH3 y HIn.
Nlcotlna
L3 HICCIIH3 H3 SIOC 3ISI3O3 OC HunClCS3S I3HI3S ClC,
CCnClCI3InCHIC IICHC 2 fuCHICS lIHCI3ICS, CI I3O3CC
INICCII3H3 I3O3Cun L.I y I3 NICCII3H3 lSIIC3. T3O3uIH3
lHSCCIICIO3 H3Iul3I, lC3l3OC 3 3lIIl OC lCSIOuCS OCI I3-
O3CC I IC3Oul3 C CIvC l3C, HC SC uS3H I3S HClv3Oul3S OC
I3 HC}3I.
Forma de accln. lHQCSIICH, CCHI3CIC y vCHCHC lCSIl3-
IClIC, Su lCSIOu3IIO3O CS nuy CClI3.
PlagaS que controla. lHSCCICS OC CuClC OI3HOC II3lv3S
OC ICIOCIClCS, nCSC3 OI3HC3, IlIS, 3fIOCS,I, CIC.
ESpeclflcacloneS. PuCOC SCl ClI3OCl OCI vIluS OCI nC-
S3ICC OCI I3O3CC ITMVI. P3l3 CvII3lIC, SC IC 3IIC3 C3I, nC-
OI3 HCl3 3HICS OC SCl uIIII23OC, 3l3 OCS3CIIv3l 3I vIluS.
Preparacln de la tabaqulna. M3CCl3l 1 kQ. OC IC3Oul3
C CIvC OC I3O3CC IO3llCOul3I CH 4 L OC 3Qu3, Oul3HIC 8 3
10 OI3S. FIIIl3l Cl uH3 n3II3 fIH3. DIIuIl CH 20 L. OC 3Qu3.
$
MCOI3 HCl3 3HICS OC 3IIC3lIC, 3QlCQ3lIC 200 Q OC HIOl3IC
OC C3I IC3I vIv3I, 3 l32CH OC 10 Q/L OC I3O3uIH3 IISI3 3l3
3IIC3l. CCH CSI3 CCHCCHIl3CICH OC C3I, 3IC3H23 uH H =
12 C SuClICl, CSIC OCS3CIIv3 ICS vIluS y IIOCl3 I3 HICCIIH3.
PCl CSI3 l32CH, HC CS CCn3IIOIC CCH CIlCS IHSCCIICIO3S.
UH3 vC2 lC3l3O3, SC OCOC 3IIC3l OC IHnCOI3IC; IClOC
Su 3CIIvIO3O 3 I3S 2 HCl3S OC 3H3OIlIC I3 C3I.
DoSlS. AIIC3l 3 l32CH OC 300 3 500 L/H3 C SC3, 30 3 50 nL/
n2 CCH uH3 CCHCCHIl3CICH OC 0,9 3 1,0 Q. OC HICCIIH3 Cl
IIIlC OC SCIuCICH.
Nlm
EI 3lOCI OCI HIn IA23OIl3CHI3 IHOIC3, A. JuSSI CS uH3 I3HI3
OC I3 f3nIII3 MCII3CC3, OC ClIQCH HIHO.
A 3lIIl OC ICS fluICS y HC}3S OC CSI3 I3HI3, SC lC3l3H
uH3 SClIC OC lCOuCICS IHSCCIICIO3S, 3C3lICIO3S,
HCn3IICIO3S, CIC. I3HIC OC fCln3 3lICS3H3I CCnC IHOuS-
IlI3I.
Forma de accln. L3 SuSI3HCI3 3CIIv3 lIHCI3I OC NIn CS
I3 323OIl3CHIIH3 A, I3 Cu3I CSI3 3CCn3H3O3 OC CIl3S 2, I3n-
OICH InClI3HICS: I3 SCI3HIH3 y I3 HInOIH3. Su CfCCIC SC-
OlC ICS IHSCCICS CS CCnC lCCICHIC, 3HII3IInCHI3lIC,
CSIClIII23HIC y lCQuI3OCl OCI ClCCInICHIC.
PlagaS que controla. ESI3 CCnlCO3O3 Su CfIC3CI3 3l3
uH3S 160 CSCCICS OC IHSCCICS I3Q3: nCSC3 OI3HC3,
CSCOCICl3, nCCIS, HCIICIHIS, OI3OlCIIC3, IlICHCIuCI3,
uICfClI3, CHIHCHCS, 3fIOCS, nIH3OClCS, IlIS, 3C3lCS, CIC.
T3nOICH CCHIlCI3 I3Q3S OC 3HIn3ICS OCnCSIICCS.
FormaS de preparacln del extracto acuoSo del Nlm.
LCS fluICS OCI HIn SC CCSCCH3H Cu3HOC, Cl IC nCHCS, 15
OC ICS OC C3O3 l3CInC ICHQ3H CCICl 3n3lIIIC In3OulCSI,
SC OCSuI3H OC fCln3 n3Hu3I C CCH n3uIH3, SC I3v3H
CCH 3Qu3 y SC CHCH 3 SCC3l. EI SCC3OC SC lC3II23 3I SCI, ICS
lInClCS 2 C 3 Ol3S y, CSIClIClnCHIC, 3 I3 SCnOl3, CH uH
$!
IuQ3l 3IlC3OC, Oul3HIC 1 C 3 SCn3H3S. SC OCSC3SC3l3 y SC
nuCIC.
DC 20 3 25 Q/L OC 3Qu3 OCI CIvC OC HIn SC CHC CH lCnC-
}C Cl 6 3 8 HCl3S I uH3 HCCHCI, SC lCnuCvC OC Cu3HOC CH
Cu3HOC, C Cl IC nCHCS uH3 vC2 3HICS OC fIIIl3lIC. SC OC}3
CH lCCSC Cl 2 nIH y SC CuCI3 Cl nCOIC OC uH3 ICI3 C
CCI3OCl OC I3nI2 fIHC.
L3 3IIC3CICH SC OCOC lC3II23l IC n3S l3IOC CSIOIC, HC SC
uCOC Qu3lO3l OC uH Ol3 3l3 CIlC, CI CxIl3CIC 3CuCSC SC
OCSCCnCHC CCH l3IOC2.
DoSlS. AIIC3l 3 l32CH OC 0,6 3 0,7 Q OC CIvC/n2 I6 3 7 kQ/
H3I, CCH uH vCIunCH OC SCIuCICH fIH3I OC 300 3 600 L/H3.
5olaSol
ES uH nCIuSuICIO3 OCI3HICC, 3l3 CI CCHIlCI OC O3OCS3S y
C3l3CCICS I SuCCCHI3 S3Ql3O3; Pl3IICCICII3 QlCSCCI3I. SC
COIICHC 3 3lIIl OCI QuIlIIC CSIHCSC ISCI3Hun QICOIfClun
DunI. EI lIHCIIC 3CIIvC CS I3 SCI3SCIIH3, uH 3IC3ICIOC uC
CCHIICHC I3 I3HI3 CH C3HIIO3O OC 1,8 3 2 .
Forma de preparacln. LCS fluICS SC CCSCCH3H IHICHCS
y vClOCS HCCHCS, SC IlIIul3H OC fCln3 n3Hu3I y SC SCC3H
3I 3IlC. SC IlIIul3H 3l3 CCHvClIIlICS CH CIvC.
CCICC3l 100 Q OC CIvC /L OC 3Qu3, CH HCl3S OC I3 n3H3H3,
3QII3l, CC3SICH3InCHIC, 3S3O3S 6 3 8 HCl3S, CH I3 I3lOC, SC
OC}3 OCC3HI3l y SC fIIIl3 CCH uH 3HC C I3nI2. SC 3IIC3
CCH 3SCl}3OCl3 OC CS3IO3, OC nCOC uC CuOl3 OICH CI
3lC3 O3H3O3. L3 OCSIS CS 3 l32CH OC 10 Q OC CIvC OC SCI3SCI
Cl nCIlC Cu3Ol3OC.
Control de baboSaS, caracoleS y grllloS
ESI3S I3Q3S IICHCH H3OIICS HCCIulHCS, lCOuCCH CI O3HC
CH HCl3S OC I3 HCCHC, y Cln3HCCCH Oul3HIC CI Ol3 lCfu-
QI3O3S OCO3}C OC ICOl3S, HC}3S, IlCHCCS y CIlCS CO}CICS.
L3S vl3S n3S uS3O3S OC CCHIlCI SCH:
$"
- CCICC3l Il3n3S CCH CO32CS OC S3CCS, C3lICHCS, I3OI3S,
CIC., HunCOCCIOCS, CH HCl3S OC I3 I3lOC. DC nCOC CuC
SIlv3H OC lCfuQIC, y CCICCI3lICS 3 I3 n3H3H3 SIQuICHIC.
LCS C}CnI3lCS CCICCI3OCS SC n3I3H OC fCln3 nCC3HI-
C3 C Cl CIlCS nCICOCS.
- PIHI3l ICS OClOCS OC ICS C3HIClCS CCH ICCH3O3 OC C3I
CCHCCHIl3O3, C 3IIC3l C3I CH CIvC, CH fCln3 OC CCl-
OCH S3HII3lIC OC 10 3 15 Cn, 3IlCOCOCl OC I3 2CH3 uC
SC OCSC3 lCICQCl. L3 C3I uCOC SCl SuSIIIuIO3 Cl CIC-
HC C C3lOulC IlCSIOuC OC I3S I3HI3S OC lCOuCCICH OC
3CCIIICHCI. LCS CClOCHCS S3HII3lICS uCOCH SCl I3nOICH
OC CCHCH3 OC 3llC2, C3fC C 3SClllH OC n3OCl3 C CCCC.
- AIIC3l SCI3SCI OC I3 fCln3 IHOIC3O3 3HIClIClnCHIC.
- UIIII23l CCOCS CHvCHCH3OCS.
FCln3 OC lC3l3CICH OC ICS CCOCS:
AflCCHC OC IlIQC C H3lIH3 OC n3l2 1 kQ
MICI OC ulQ3 C 32C3l 200 nL/200 Q
C3lO3lyI C DIIClCx 180 Q
MC2CI3l CI IHSCCIICIO3 CCH CI 3flCCHC C I3 H3lIH3 IOC n3l2,
nIIIC, C3l3CI3, CHlCH3lCS, CIC.I 3H3OIl I3 nICI C 32C3l y CI
3Qu3, H3SI3 fCln3l uH3 3SI3. AQlCQ3l }uQC OC H3l3H}3 C
C3SC3l3 OC H3l3H}3 nCIIO3, 3l3 nC}Cl3l SuS lCICO3OCS
3Il3CIIv3S. CCH CSI3 n3S3, SC H3CCH OCIII3S uC SC CCICC3H
CH I3S 3lC3S OCHOC CxISICH O3OCS3S y QlIIICS, 3 l32CH OC 1 3
2 OCIII3S Cl nCIlC Cu3Ol3OC, CH HCl3S OC I3 I3lOC.
- EHIICllC uH3 v3SI}3 CH I3 IICll3, 3I HIvCI OC I3 SuClfICIC.
CHCIC uH CCC OC CClvC23, CCH O3SI3HIC S3I. AIl3lO3S
Cl I3 CClvC23, I3S O3OCS3S C3CH CH I3 v3SI}3 y nuClCH
Cl CfCCIC OC I3 S3I.
$#
MedloS de control no convenclonaleS
TrampaS de color
LCS IHSCCICS, Cl IC QCHCl3I SCH 3Il3lOCS Cl CI CCICl 3n3-
lIIIC, ClC CI THlIS 3InI lCfIClC CI OI3HCC y CI 32uI. PI3H-
CH3S nCI3IIC3S, n3OCl3, ICH3, ICI3, H3IICH, CIC., IHI3OCS
OC CCICl 3n3lIIIC IHICHSC, OI3HCC y 32uI, C InlCQH3O3S
OC 3CCIIC OC nCICl uCn3OC C Ql3S3, uCOCH SCl CCICC3-
O3S CH OISIIHICS uHICS OCI HuClIC u ClQ3HCCHICC. LCS
IHSCCICS, CH CSCCI3I, I3 nCSC3 OI3HC3 y Thl/5 a/m/, SCH
3Il3lOCS Cl CI CCICl 3n3lIIIC y, 3I CHCC3l CCH I3S I3HCH3S
C ICI3S, SCH 3Il33OCS CH I3 Ql3S3.
TrampaS de luz
L3S Il3n3S OC Iu2 CCHSISICH CH IHSI3I3l I3n3l3S OC
uClCSCH C CICCIlIC3S CH ICS ClQ3HCCHICCS C HuClICS. CCH
uH3 I3n3l3, SC uCOC CuOlIl uH 3lC3 3lCxIn3O3 OC 1
ha. DCO3}C OC I3 I3n3l3 SC CCICC3 uH lCCIICHIC CCH 3Qu3
y 3CCIIC uCn3OC C CIlCICC, OCHOC, 3I C3Cl I3S n3lIC-
S3S, nuClCH. ESIC nCICOC CS CfIC32 3l3 ICS IHSCCICS OC
H3OIICS HCCIulHCS. EI uSC OC I3n3l3S OC Iu2 HCQl3 3u-
nCHI3 I3 CfCCIIvIO3O.
MedloS blolglcoS para el control de plagaS.
L3 IuCH3 OICICQIC3 CS uH nCICOC OC lCICCCICH OC I3S I3H-
I3S uC SC O3S3 CH CI CnICC OC 3l3SIICS y
nIClCClQ3HISnCS 3l3 CI CCHIlCI OC I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3-
OCS.
EHIlC I3S O3CIClI3S CHICnC3ICQCH3S n3S InClI3HICS
CSI3 CI 8ac///u5 Lhul/ng/3n5/5. ESI3 CSCCIC lCOuCC ICxI-
H3S CCH 3CIIvIO3O IHSCCIICIO3, I3S Cu3ICS 33lCCCH CH fCl-
n3 OC IHCIuSICHCS ClISI3IIH3S. P3l3 I3 3IIC3CICH OC CSIC
OIClC3l3OC, H3y uC ICHCl CH CuCHI3 uC CI CfCCIC SCIC
SC ICQl3 SI CI IHSCCIC IHQIClC I3 O3CIClI3 y Su ICxIH3, Cl
I3HIC, SC OCOC 3IIC3l SCOlC CI fCII3}C y CH CI33S I3lv3ICS,
Oul3HIC I3S Cu3ICS ICS IHSCCICS CCnCH 3OuHO3HICnCHIC.
$$
EI CnICC OC HCHQCS CHICnC3ICQCHCS y 3HI3QCHISI3S
CH I3 IuCH3 CCHIl3 I3Q3S y CHfClnCO3OCS 3QllCCI3S, CS CIlC
OC ICS nCOICS OC CCHIlCI OICICQICC OC n3yCl InClI3HCI3
y n3S 3nII3nCHIC uIIII23OCS CH CI nuHOC.
ESCS lCOuCICS ICCnuCSICS Cl O3CIClI3S, HCHQCS y ICxI-
H3SI, SC O3H3H CCH I3 Iu2 SCI3l y I3S 3II3S ICnCl3Iul3S, y
IClOCH 3Sl Su 3CIIvIO3O. PCl CSIC, SCIC SC OCOCH 3IIC3l
CH HCl3S OC I3 I3lOC, Cu3HOC I3 3CIIvIO3O SCI3l CS nlHIn3.
L3S 3IIC3CICHCS SC lC3II23l3H OC fCln3 lCvCHIIv3 C Cul3-
IIv3, CHIlC 7 y 10 Ol3S, Cu3HOC I3 COI3CICH CS O3}3 IT3OI3
9I.
Manejo de nematodoS
SC CCHCCC I3 CxISICHCI3 OC uH 3IIC HnClC OC HCn3ICOCS
CH ICS ClQ3HCCHICCS y HuClICS, ClC SCIC ICS fCln3OClCS
OC 3Q3II3S, CH CSCCI3I M3/O/OOgyn3 /ncOngn/La K.W.
CHIIWCCO, SCH ICS OC n3yCl InClI3HCI3 CCCHCnIC3, I3H-
IC Cl I3S ClOIO3S uC lCOuCCH CCnC Cl IC OIflCII OC Su
CCHIlCI.
Tabla 4. TratamlentoS blolglcoS contra plagaS y en
fermedadeS
Plagas que controla
Producto
biolgico
Cultivos Nombre cientfico Nombre comn Dosis
Thurisav 24
(B. thuringiensis
Cepa LBT 24)
Hortalizas,
viandas
Plutella xylostella
Trichoplusia ni
Erynnis ello
Spodoptera
frugiperda
Polilla de la col
Falso medidor
Primavera de la yuca
Palomilla del maz
0,4 a 0,5 mL/m
2
( 4 a 5 kg / ha)
Thurisav 13
(B. thuringiensis
Cepa LBT 13)
Tomate, papa,
ctricos,
pimiento, aj,
Ctricos
Pltano
Polyphagotarsonemu
s latus
Phyllocoptruta
oleivora
Tetranychus tumidus
caro blanco
Acaro del moho
Acaro rojo
0,4 a 0,5 mL / m
2
( 5 a 5 kg / ha)
20 L / ha
5 a 10 L / ha
Thurisav 21
(B. thuringiensis
Cepa LBT 21)
Tomate,
tabaco, maz
Col, berro.
Pastos
Heliothis virescens
Plutella xylostella
Mochis latipes
Cogollero del tabaco
Polillita de la col
Falso medidor
5 a 10 L / ha
0,5 a 1 mL / m
2
( 5 kg / ha)
1 a 2 L / ha
$%
Tabla 9 (continuacin)
Plagas que controla
Producto biolgico Cultivos Nombre cientfico Nombre comn Dosis
Thurisav 13
(B. thuringiensis
Cepa Kurstaki)
Hortalizas,
viandas
Plutella xylostella
Trichoplusia ni
Erynnis ello
Spodoptera frugiperda
Polilla de la col
Falso medidor
Primavera de la yuca
Palomilla del maz
0,4 a 0,5 mL/m
2
( 4 a 5 kg / ha)
Vertisav 57
(Verticillium lecanil
cepa y 57 )
Tomate, papa,
ctricos,
pimiento, aj,
Ctricos
Pltano
Polyphagotarsonemus
latus
Phyllocoptruta oleivora
Tetranychus tumidus
caro blanco
Acaro del moho
Acaro rojo
0,4 a 0,5 mL / m
2
( 5 a 5 kg / ha)
20 L / ha
5 a 10 L / ha
Bisasav 1
(B. bassiana Cepa
LBB -1)
Tomate, tabaco,
maz
Col, berro.
Pastos
Heliothis virescens
Plutella xylostella
Mochis latipes
Cogollero del tabaco
Polillita de la col
Falso medidor
5 a 10 L / ha
0,5 a 1 mL / m
2
( 5 kg / ha)
1 a 2 L / ha
Metasav 11
(M. anisopliae Cepa
LBM 11)
Pltano
Pastos
Cosmopolites sordidus
Mocis latipes
Picudo negro
Falso medidor
20 kg / ha
5 kg / ha
Tabla 9 (continuacin)
Plagas que controla
Producto biolgico Cultivos Nombre cientfico Nombre comn Dosis
Tricosav 34
( T. Harzianum
Ceoa A. A. 34)
Desinfeccin del
suelo
( hortalizas )
Hongos del suelo
Nematodo de las
agallas
20 a 30 g / L
agua
( 4 a 8 kg / ha )
Trifesol
( T. Viridis, formulacin
en polvo)
Desinfeccin del
suelo
( hortalizas )
Hongos del suelo
Nematodo de las
agallas
1 g /m
2
( 5 a 10 kg / ha)
Paecilomyces
fumasoroseus Cepa 92
Hortalizas Bemisia tabaci Mosca blanca 0,4 g/ m
2
( 4 kg / ha )
Pecisav 1 Hortalizas Meloidogyne spp. Nemtodos agallas 10 a 50 kg / ha
(P. lilacinus Cepa LBP-1) Ornamentales
Ctricos
Pltano
Cactus
Globodara spp.
Tylench
semipenitras
Radopholus similes
Cactodera cacti
Nematodos quistes
Nematodos ctricos
Nematodo barredor
Nematodo cactas
10 a 50 kg / ha
10 a 50 kg / ha
50 a 100 kg / ha
10 a 50 kg / ha
$&
Tabla 5. TratamlentoS qumlcoS contra enfermedadeS.
Enfermedades Productos Dosis (L o kg / ha )
Enfermedades fungosas Zineb 75 % PH
Meneb 80 % PH
Mancozeb 80 % PH
2,0 a 3,0
2,0 a 3,0
2,0 a 3,0
Enfermedades fungosas y
bacterianas
Oxicloruro de cobre
50 % PH
3,0 a 4,0
Enfermedades fungosas y
bacterianas
Hidrato de cal 2 %
L3S nCOIO3S fuHO3nCHI3ICS uC SC OCOCH 3IIC3l 3l3 Su
CCHIlCI SCH:
- EI SuSIl3IC, SuCIC y n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 uC SC v3y3 3 uIIII-
23l 3l3 CI IICH3OC OC ICS C3HIClCS OCI ClQ3HCCHICC OCOC
CSI3l IIOlC OC HCn3ICOCS OC I3S 3Q3II3S.
P3l3 CIIC SC Cv3I3, Cl nCOIC OC I3HI3S IHOIC3OCl3S, I3
lCSCHCI3 C HC OCI HCn3ICOC. SI CS CSIIIv3, SC OCSCCH3 CI
SuSIl3IC y SC CSCCQC CIlC, IIOlC OC I3Q3S.
- EH CI C3SC OC ICS HuClICS, SC 3IIC3 I3 nISn3 ICCHIC3 y SC
ICn3 uH3 OCCISICH, OC 3CuClOC CCH CI Ql3OC OC IHfCSI3-
CICH OCI SuCIC. SI lCSCHI3 uH Ql3OC SuClICl 3 1, SC OCCI-
OIl3 SI SC nCHI3 CI HuClIC C SC 3IIC3 uH CCH}uHIC OC nC-
OIO3S, uC SC vCl3H n3S 3OCI3HIC, 3HICS OC CCnCH23l I3
SICnOl3, I3S Cu3ICS SCH v3IIO3S I3nOICH 3l3 CI C3SC uC
ICHQ3 Ql3OC IHfClICl 3 2.
L3 Cv3Iu3CICH OC I3 IHfCSI3CICH OC HCn3ICOCS OC I3S 3Q3-
II3S CCH I3HI3S IHOIC3OCl3S: C3I3O323 ICuCulOII3 CCI y
CIHC ICuCunIS S3IIvuS L.I SC lC3II23 nCOI3HIC I3 SICnOl3
OC CSICS CuIIIvCS CH nuCSIl3S, lCCCQIO3S 3I 323l, OC ICS
C3HIClCS y OC I3S fuCHICS OC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 y SuCICS uC
SC uIIIICCH CH I3S nC2CI3S CH n3CCI3S, OCIS3S u CIlC lCCI-
ICHIC. A ICS 35 C 40 Ol3S, SC CxIl3C CI SISICn3 l3OIC3I y SC
$'
OCIClnIH3, Cl 3H3IISIS vISu3I, I3 lCSCHCI3 OC 3Q3II3S CI
Ql3OC OC IHfCSI3CICH, OC 3CuClOC CCH uH3 CSC3I3 OC 6 Ql3-
OCS IvCl Ql3fICCI.
- M3HICHCl CI SuSIl3IC IIOlC OC HCn3ICOCS OC I3S 3Q3II3S.
EH ICS ClQ3HCCHICCS y HuClICS uC CSICH IIOlCS OC
HCn3ICOCS, SC OCOCH 3IIC3l nCOIO3S OC CCHIlCI lCvCH-
IIv3S, 3l3 CvII3l uC SC CCHI3nIHCH, CCnC SCH:
- OuC I3S I3HIuI3S uC SC uIIIICCH 3l3 I3 SICnOl3 HC CS-
ICH IHfCSI3O3S Cl CI HCn3ICOC.
- OuC I3 n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 y CI CCnCSI uC SC uIIIICC 3l3
lCSIIIuIl ICS HuIlInCHICS OCI SuSIl3IC SC CHCuCHIlCH II-
OlCS OC HCn3ICOCS.
- L3v3l ICS InICnCHICS 3QllCCI3S uC SC uIIIICCH CH 3lC3S
IHfCSI3O3S Cl HCn3ICOCS OC I3S 3Q3II3S, 3HICS OC Il3-
O3}3l CCH CIICS CH uH ClQ3HCCHICC C HuClIC HC IHfCS-
I3OC.
- EvII3l uC 3SCH CCllICHICS OC 3Qu3 OC IIuvI3 C lICQC
uC uCO3H Il3Cl SuCIC CCHI3nIH3OC Cl HCn3ICOCS.
- MCICOCS 3l3 n3HICHCl I3S COI3CICHCS OC HCn3ICOCS
3 O3}CS HIvCICS.
- PCI3CICH OC CuIIIvCS OC CICIC CClIC SuSCCIIOICS, CCH
CIlCS OC CICIC CClIC y nCOIC uC SC3H lCSISICHICS 3 ICS
HCn3ICOCS OC I3S 3Q3II3S, CCnOIH3O3 CCH I3 CxIl3CCICH
OC l3lCCS.
- UIIII23CICH OC CuIIIvCS OC CICIC CClIC CCnC I3HI3S Il3n-
3S OC HCn3ICOCS
CCH CSIC nCICOC SC ICQl3 lCOuCIl I3S COI3CICHCS 3 HIvC-
ICS IHfClIClCS 3I unOl3I OC O3HCS, CH CClICS CllCOCS y SIH
Q3SICS 3OICICH3ICS. LCS CuIIIvCS uIIII23OCS SCH: ICCHuQ3,
3CCIQ3S CHIH3S, CCI CHIH3 y l3O3HCS, CHIlC CIl3S.
%
EI nCICOC CCHSISIC CH I3 SICnOl3 OC ICS CuIIIvCS 3llIO3
CHunCl3OCS y I3 CxIl3CCICH OC ICOC CI SISICn3 l3OIC3I, CCH
CI SuSIl3IC uC IC lCOC3, CH CI nCnCHIC OC I3 CCSCCH3. EH
CI C3SC 3lIICuI3l OC I3 ICCHuQ3, I3 SICnOl3 SICnlC SCl3
lC3II23O3 Cl Il3HSI3HIC y SC CCSCCH3l3 3HICS OC ICS 35
Ol3S, 3l3 ICQl3l CxIl3Cl ICS HCn3ICOCS 3HICS OC uC CuI-
nIHC Su CICIC OC vIO3. EI l3O3HC SC SICnOl3 OC fCln3 OI-
lCCI3 y SC CCSCCH3 OC I3 fCln3 Il3OICICH3I, CCH 3lIC OCI
SuSIl3IC uC IC lCOC3.
lnverSln del prlSma del SuStrato o Suelo
EH 3uCIICS C3SCS OCHOC I3 IHfCSI3CICH OC HCn3ICOCS SC3
CH CxIlCnC 3II3, SC uCOC ICn3l uH3 nCOIO3 Ol3SIIC3 uC
CCHSISIC CH: OC}3l 2 vCCCS, CCnC nlHInC, Oul3HIC 15 Ol3S,
CI SuCIC C SuSIl3IC IHvClIIOC, CxuCSIC 3I SCI, OC n3HCl3
uC I3 3CCICH OCI IHICnClISnC CCI3OClC CH I3 CIInIH3-
CICH OC ICS HCn3ICOCS. ESI3 nCOIO3, OC n3yCl 3IIC3CICH
CH ICS HuClICS IHICHSIvCS, 3unCHI3 Su CfCCIIvIO3O Cu3HOC
SC CIInIH3 CI lICQC CH ICS nCSCS n3S C3IulCSCS OCI 3HC. SC
OCOC CCnOIH3l CCH I3 lCI3CICH OC CuIIIvCS, I3 CxIl3CCICH
OC I3S l3lCCS IHfCSI3O3S OCI SuCIC y 3IIC3CICHCS OC n3IC-
lI3 ClQ3HIC3.
5olarlzacln del Suelo o SuStrato
CCHSISIC CH CuOlIl CI SuSIl3IC, lCvI3nCHIC HunCOCCIOC
3 Su n3yCl C33CIO3O OC C3nC, CCH uH3 n3HI3 OC
CIICIIICHC Il3HS3lCHIC, Cl CllCOCS OC 4 SCn3H3S, CH
ICS nCSCS OC n3yCl IHICHSIO3O SCI3l. LCS HCn3ICOCS y
CIl3S I3Q3S nuClCH CCH CI CfCCIC OC I3 3SICulI23CICH 3
ICnCl3Iul3S nCOI3S y 3II3S.
Control blolglco
SC uCOC CnIC3l CI HCHQC P3CCIICnyCCS III3CIuS, CH OC-
SIS OC 50 3 100 Q/n2 , OCSuCS OC uIIII23l ICS nCOICS 3HIC-
lIClCS y Cu3HOC I3S COI3CICHCS OCI HCn3ICOC SC H3y3H
lCOuCIOC 3 Ql3OC 1. SC OCOC 3IIC3l C3O3 6 nCSCS y n3H-
ICHCl CI SuSIl3IC CCH 3IIC CCHICHIOC OC n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3
y OuCH3 HunCO3O.
%
5lembra de varledadeS reSlStenteS
EI uSC OC v3lICO3OCS lCSISICHICS y ICICl3HICS CS I3 nCOIO3
n3S CfCCIIv3 3l3 CvII3l I3S ClOIO3S Cl CI 3I3uC OC
HCn3ICOCS OC I3S 3Q3II3S, 3uHuC HC SC CuCHI3 CCH v3lIC-
O3OCS lCSISICHICS OC ICOCS ICS CuIIIvCS uC SC HCCCSII3H
SCnOl3l. EH I3 I3OI3 11, SC CHunCl3H 3IQuHCS OC ICS CuIII-
vCS CCH lCSISICHCI3 3 HCn3ICOCS 3l3 I3 SICnOl3 CH
ClQ3HCCHICCS y HuClICS.
M0MENT0 PTlM0 DE C05ECHA
Tomate
LCS ICn3ICS SC lCCCQCH CH OISIIHI3S f3SCS OCI OCS3llCIIC
OC ICS fluICS, SCQH I3S CxIQCHCI3S OCI nClC3OC, C SCQH CI
CO}CIIvC OC I3 lCOuCCICH.
L3S f3SCS OC n3Oul3CICH uCOCH SCl:
Verde no hecho. FluICS Ql3HOCS, CCICl vClOC, OulCS,
ICCuICS SIH n3IClI3 QCI3IIHCS3 I3lIICI.
Verde hecho. FluICS OC I3n3HC n3xInC, CI vClOC CS n3S
3IIOC C n3S QlIS, lIHCI3InCHIC, 3I I3OC OCI 3ICC ICSIlC-
II3 OI3HC3I, ICS ICCuICS lCSCHI3H I3 n3IClI3 QCI3IIHCS3
I3lIICI.
Plntoneando. FluIC CH Su C3SI ICI3IIO3O vClOC. EH CI 3I-
CC lCSCHI3 uH3 CSIlCIIII3 OC CCICl lCS3OC, I3 3lIC IHIC-
lICl 3IlCOCOCl OC I3 I3CCHI3 CS lCS3O3.
Plntn. FluIC CH Su C3SI ICI3IIO3O lC}C-3n3lIIICHIC.
M3OulC. FluICS lC}CS In3OulC2 OCI3HIC3.I
%
Plmentn
LCS IICS CCH fluICS Ql3HOCS, lCSCHI3: fluICS vClOCS y
C3CCS, Cu3HOC CSI3H HCCHCS, OICH OCS3llCII3OCS, I3n3-
HC HCln3I, C3SC3l3 IClS3 y OulCS 3I ICC3lICS. SC OCOCH
CCSCCH3l CCH II}Cl3S OICH 3fII3O3S y OC}3l 3lIC OCI COH-
CuIC CH CI fluIC.
Peplno
FluICS OC n3OulC2 ICCHCICQIC3, C SC3, OuCH I3n3HC, CC-
ICl vClOC. SCnIII3S CCH CHvCIIul3 fIH3 y IIClH3, y OC I3n3-
HC CuIv3ICHIC 3 I3 nII3O OCI uC lCSCHI3 CH I3 n3Oul3-
CICH OCI3HIC3.
Hablchuela chlna
V3IH3S I3lQ3S, IIClH3S y IulQCHICS, SCnIII3S CuCH3S. AI
lCnCl I3 v3IH3 CH SCHIIOC Il3HSvClS3I, CnIIC uH CH3SuI-
OC C3l3CICllSIICC.
Cebolla
EI f3ISC I3IIC SC 3OI3HO3, y 3I 3lCI3lIC CCH ICS OCOCS CH I3
2CH3 OCI CuCIIC, SC OCOI3 f3CIInCHIC y, O3}C CI CSC OC SuS
HC}3S, C3C 3I SuCIC. PlCSCHI3 100 OC I3S HC}3S SCC3S.
Ajo
HC}3S y f3ISC I3IIC SC CHCuCHIl3H vIvCS, ClC HC 3CunuI3H
SuSI3HCI3S OC lCSClv3. LC 3HIClICl CCullC Cu3HOC, 3lCxI-
n3O3nCHIC, 10 OC I3S I3HI3S H3H C3lOC 3I SuCIC. OIlC
lHOICC CS 50 OC I3S HC}3S SCC3S, C uC ICS OICHICS uC
fCln3H I3 C3OC23 CSICH OICH n3lC3OCS.
Ajo Puerro
HC}3 y f3ISC I3IIC OICH OCS3llCII3OCS y CH n3OulC2 ICCHIC3.
EH CClIC ICHQIIuOIH3I, I3 n3HCH3 O3S3I HC CSI3 lCHuHCI3-
O3.
%!
Collflor
lHfIClCSCCHCI3 CCn3CI3 OC CCICl OI3HCC, OICH OCS3llCII3-
O3 y fIlnC.
8rcoll
lHfIClCSCCHCI3 CCn3CI3, vClOC, CCH OuCH OCS3llCIIC y fIl-
nC; CvII3l fIClCS 3OIClI3S.
Acelga
HC}3S OICH OCS3llCII3O3S y CH n3OulC2 ICCHIC3. EIInIH3l
I3S HC}3S 3n3lIII3S.
Aplo
L3S HC}3S lCSCHI3H OuCH OCS3llCIIC, y 3OCCu3O3 n3OulC2
ICCHIC3, CClCICS CCH OuCH ClCCInICHIC. EIInIH3l I3S HC-
}3S 3n3lIII3S.
Zanahorla
P3lCCS C3lHCS3S CH Su I3n3HC CIInC CCH I3 CCICl3CICH
C3l3CICllSIIC3 OC I3 v3lICO3O.
Perejll de hojaS. HC}3S OICH OCS3llCII3O3S y CH n3OulC2
ICCHIC3. EIInIH3l I3S HC}3S 3n3lIII3S
kbano y rabanlto
L3S l3lCCS C3lHCS3S 3IC3H23H CI I3n3HC C3l3CICllSIICC OC I3
v3lICO3O, ClC 3HICS OC uC SC 3OI3HOCH.
Lechuga
L3 lCSCI3 OC HC}3S 3IC3H2C Su I3n3HC n3xInC I8 3 10 HC-
}3SI. EIInIH3l I3S HC}3S 3n3lIII3S.
%"
kemolacha
L3S l3lCCS C3lHCS3S lCSCHI3H Su OCS3llCIIC n3xInC y 3OC-
Cu3O3 CCICl3CICH.
AjeS
FluICS OICH OCS3llCII3OCS. L3 CCSCCH3 SC IHICI3 75 3 80 Ol3S
OCSuCS OCI Il3SI3HIC.
Acelga chlna
PCSCI3 OC 5 3 8 HC}3S. L3 CCSCCH3 SC CfCCI3 CHIlC ICS 35 y
45 Ol3S.
Col chlna
L3 CCSCCH3 SC IHICI3 CHIlC ICS 50 y 60 Ol3S. SC CCSCCH3H
HC}3S, lCCIIC C 3nOCS, SCQH v3lICO3O y fCCH3 OC SICn-
Ol3.
8erro
SC CCSCCH3H I3IICS y HC}3S IIClH3S y SuCuICHI3S CHIlC ICS 28
y 32 Ol3S CSIClIClCS 3 I3 SICnOl3 C IIInC CClIC, CI Cu3I SC
CfCCIu3l3 OC}3HOC OC 7 3 10 Cn OC I3IIC.
P05C05ECHA
A CCHIIHu3CICH SC CxCHOl3H 3IQuHCS lIHCIICS O3SICCS
3l3 n3HICHCl I3 C3IIO3O OC ICS vCQCI3ICS, uC uOICl3H
CCHIlIOuIl 3 I3 lCOuCCICH OC ClOIO3S CSCCSCCH3.
VegetaleS de hojaS
- SC OCOC CvII3l I3 CCSCCH3 OC I3HI3S CHfCln3S C O3H3-
O3S Cl IHSCCICS.
%#
- UIIII23l CuCHIIICS 3fII3OCS, 3l3 CIInIH3l I3S l3lCCS y IuC-
QC CCICC3l CI vCQCI3I CH CSICICH vClIIC3I CH I3 C3}3, CCS-
I3 C C3H3SI3, 3l3 CxICHOCl CI IICnC OC CCHSClv3CICH
flCSC3.
- EvII3l CI CxCCSC OC lCOuCICS CH CI CHv3SC, CluC, 3I
fIH3I, SC lCOuCIl3H ClOIO3S Cl O3HCS nCC3HICCS, n3l-
CHII3nICHIC, uOlICICH, CIC.
- ES lCCCnCHO3OIC lCCI3lICS CCH 3Qu3 IHnCOI3I3nCHIC
OCSuCS OC CCSCCH3OCS, 3l3 CxIl3ClICS CI C3ICl. C3l3H-
II23l uH3 OuCH3 C3IIO3O HIQICHIC3 OCI 3Qu3.
- DCOCH SCl SIIu3OCS, OCSuCS OC CCSCCH3OCS, CH IuQ3lCS
flCSCCS, HnCOCS y O3}C SCnOl3.
- ES lCCCnCHO3OIC CuOlIlICS CCH uH S3CC OC yuIC HnC-
OC Oul3HIC I3 Il3HSClI3CICH.
- L3 n3HIuI3CICH OCOC SCl CuIO3OCS3.
- EvII3l CI 3In3CCH3nICHIC y Cu3IuICl CCl3CICH CCH CI
lCOuCIC 3 Ql3HCI.
- PlCCCOCl, Cu3HOC SC3 CSIOIC, 3 3Qlu3l CI lCOuCIC CH
3uCICS ICCOCIIIHC, OCllC, CIC.I
VegetaleS de frutoS
-SC OCOCH CCSCCH3l fluICS S3HCS y CCH CI I3n3HC 3OC-
Cu3OC.
- EH fluICS CCnC CI ICn3IC, CH CI uC CxISICH OIfClCHICS
Ql3OCS OC n3Oul3CICH CH CI nCnCHIC OC I3 CCSCCH3,
CSICS OCOCH SCl CCSCCH3OCS CH CHv3SCS SC3l3OCS.
- M3HICHCl ICS fluICS CH IuQ3lCS flCSCCS y O3lIC S3IIO3 lI-
nClC 3 ICS OC n3Oul3CICH n3S 3v3H23O3, CHvI3l CSICS 3
IuQ3lCS n3S CClC3HCS y ICS CIlCS, 3 ICS IuQ3lCS n3S 3IC}3-
OCS, CH fuHCICH OCI Ql3OC OC n3Oul3CICH.
%$
- EH I3 IIIn3 CCSCCH3, OCSIIH3l ICS fluICS OC CSI3OICS OC
n3Oul3CICH n3S 3Il3S3OCS 3 I3S 3lC3S OC lCCCS3nICH-
IC 3lICS3H3I.
- NC CCSCCH3l 3l3 CI CCHSunC CxIClHC fluICS SCOlC-n3-
OulCS, CSICS OCOCH SCl OCOIC3OCS 3I CCHSunC ICC3I, I3
lCOuCCICH OC SCnIII3S C 3I lCCCS3nICHIC.
- SCl lIQulCSCS CCH I3 n3HIuI3CICH 3OCCu3O3 y I3S CCHOI-
CICHCS HIQICHIC3S.
- NC lCC3lQ3l ICS CHv3SCS.
VegetaleS de raceS, bulboS y tubrculoS
- CCSCCH3l CH CI nCnCHIC CIInC.
- EvII3l nC2CI3S OC lCOuCICS.
- EvII3l lCOuCICS O3H3OCS.
- CCSCCH3l CCH CI 3OCCu3OC Ql3OC OC HunCO3O CH CI SuC-
IC ISuSIl3ICI.
- SCICCCICH3l Cl I3n3HCS.
- EvII3l lCICS OC 3lICS HC CCnCSIIOICS y SuSIl3IC CH ICS
CHv3SCS.
- EfCCIu3l uH3 n3HIuI3CICH CuIO3OCS3.
- NC lCC3lQ3l ICS CHv3SCS.
%%
Pk0DUCClN
DE FEkTlLlZANTE5 0k0ANlC05
L3 CI3OCl3CICH OC CCnCSI IOICIICll3I HC CS HuCv3, uCS
SC CCHCCC OCSOC H3CC SIQICS CH ASI3. ES uH3 ICCHIC3 lCI3II-
v3nCHIC SInIC, uC SC uCOC 3IIC3l CH Cu3IuICl IuQ3l
CH uC SC ClIQIHCH OCSCCHCS ClQ3HICCS, y3 uC HC CS n3S
uC I3 CI3OCl3CICH OC HunuS fuCl3 OCI SuCIC. DC CS3 n3-
HCl3, ICS OCSCCHCS ClQ3HICCS SC Il3HSfCln3H CH uH
OICfClIIII23HIC OC 3II3 C3IIO3O HuIlIIIv3 y nC}Cl3OCl OC I3S
CCHOICICHCS flSIC3S, ulnIC3S y OICICQIC3S OCI SuCIC.
keStoS que Se pueden utlllzar
P3l3 Su CI3OCl3CICH, SC uIIII23H lCSICS SCOl3HICS uC HC
SC3H f3CIIOICS OC uS3l CH I3 3IInCHI3CICH Hun3H3 C 3HI-
n3I, uC SC3H uH CSIClOC y uC IHCIuSC, CH CC3SICHCS, CS
HCCCS3lIC 3IC}3l, OCOIOC 3 uC uCOCH lC3Q3l CHfCl-
nCO3OCS C CCHSIIIuIl CIIQlCS 3l3 CI nCOIC 3nOICHIC.
CCnC C}CnICS, SC uCOCH nCHCICH3l:
- PCSICS OC CCSCCH3 OC ICOC IIC, CSCCI3InCHIC ICS uC
SCH uH CSIClOC 3l3 lCI3CICHCS C CI SuOSCCuCHIC I3OC-
lCC OC ICS SuCICS OCSuCS OC I3 CCSCCH3.
- B3Sul3S ulO3H3S, IIOlCS OC I3SIICCS, QCn3S ClISI3ICS y
nCI3ICS.
- PCSICS OCI OCHCfICIC OC Ql3HCS OC ICOC IIC.
VegetaleS de raceS, bulboS y tubrculoS
- CCSCCH3l CH CI nCnCHIC CIInC.
- EvII3l nC2CI3S OC lCOuCICS.
- EvII3l lCOuCICS O3H3OCS.
- CCSCCH3l CCH CI 3OCCu3OC Ql3OC OC HunCO3O CH CI SuC-
IC HC SuSIl3IC.
%&
- SCICCCICH3l Cl I3n3HCS.
- EvII3l lCSICS OC 3lICS HC CCnCSIIOICS y SuSIl3IC CH ICS
CHv3SCS.
- EfCCIu3l uH3 n3HIuI3CICH CuIO3OCS3.
- NC lCC3lQ3l ICS CHv3SCS.
- PCSICS OC I3 IHOuSIlI3 32uC3lCl3.
- PCSICS y OCHCfICIC OC fluI3S, vI3HO3S, HClI3II23S y SCnI-
II3S.
- PCSICS OC CCnCOClCS y O3Sul3S uC IHCIuyCH 3CICS,
C3lICHCS IHSClvIOICS, CIC.
- PI3HI3S IHOCSC3OICS OC ICOC IIC.
ESI3 lCI3CICH SC uCOC 3nII3l 3 CIlCS n3IClI3ICS uIIII23-
OCS 3l3 I3 3IInCHI3CICH OC 3HIn3ICS y CI HCnOlC y uC
CSICH OCIClICl3OCS.
Tecnologa de la elaboracln de compoSt
AuHuC HCnCS OICHC uC I3 ICCHCICQl3 OC I3 CI3OCl3CICH
OC CCnCSI CS lCI3IIv3nCHIC SInIC, CS HCCCS3lIC uC SC
SIQ3H 3IQuHCS lIHCIICS IHvICI3OICS, uC SCH OC IHOISCH-
S3OIC CCHCCInICHIC, I3ICS CCnC ICS f3CIClCS uC IHfIuyCH
CH Su CI3OCl3CICH:
PreSencla de oxgeno. L3 CI3OCl3CICH OC CCnCSI CH
C3IICHIC CS uH lCCCSC 3ClCOICC IlCuIClC CxlQCHC OCI 3IlCI
y, Cl IC I3HIC, Oul3HIC CI lCCCSC, HC OCOC f3II3l CSIC
CICnCHIC. ES OCCIl, uC I3 II3 OCOC CSI3l 3IlC3O3. PCl IC
3HIClICl, CI I3n3HC OC I3S 3lIlCuI3S OC lCSICS HC OCOC SCl
nuy CuCHC; Cl C}CnIC, CSIIClCCI C C3CH323, uCS OC-
}3H CCC CS3CIC CHIlC CII3S y OIfICuII3H I3 3IlC3CICH. ES-
ICS n3IClI3ICS SC nC2CI3H CCH CIlCS OC n3yCl OInCHSICH,
CCnC lCSICS OC Ql3nlHC3S, O3Q32C, CIC.
%'
PlCSCHCI3 OC 3Qu3. L3 HunCO3O OC I3 II3 CS nuy InCl-
I3HIC, y3 uC CS HCCCS3lI3 3l3 I3 vIO3 OC ICS ClQ3HISnCS
uC OCSCCnCHCH ICS lCSICS ClQ3HICCS, 3I uIIII23lICS CH Su
lCSIl3CICH y CH ICS lCCCSCS OC SlHICSIS uC, CH OCfIHIII-
v3, CCHSIIIuyCH CI HunuS. L3 HunCO3O OCOC CSI3l CHIlC
40 y 60 . SI CS nCHCl, SC Cl}uOIC3 I3 vIO3 OC ICS ClQ3HIS-
nCS 3I f3II3l 3Qu3. SI CS nuCHC n3yCl, CI 3Qu3 OCSI323 3I
CxlQCHC, SC ClC3H CCHOICICHCS 3H3ClCOIC3S If3II3 OC 3IlCI
y ICS nIClCClQ3HISnCS 3ClCOICS In3xInCS CI3OCl3OClCS
OC CCnCSII ClCCCH. L3 II3 SC OCOC HunCOCCCl SCI3nCH-
IC Oul3HIC Su CSI3OICCInICHIC y Cu3HOC SC vIl3, SI CS HCCC-
S3lIC. HunCOCCCl I3 II3 uH3 vC2 y3 CSI3OICCIO3 CS uH
CllCl, uCS SCIC Q3SI3 3Qu3 IHHCCCS3lI3nCHIC y OISIl3C
IICnC OC Il3O3}C uC SC uCOC CnIC3l CH CIl3 3CIIvI-
O3O. EI 3Qu3 3IIC3O3 SCOlC I3 II3 HuHC3 IICQ3 3I CCHIlC HI
3 I3S C33S IHfClIClCS. ESIC I3nOICH uCOC SCl 3IIC3OC 3
I3S lCCIII3CICHCS uC SCH flCCuCHICS CH I3 CSI3CICH IIu-
vICS3. P3l3 I3 HunCO3O, SCH I3nOICH OC InClI3HCI3 I3
3IIul3 OC I3 II3 y Su fCln3.
Altura de la plla. ES I3nOICH uH lIHCIIC IHvICI3OIC, SI
I3 II3 CS CCC 3II3, IClOC l3IO3nCHIC HunCO3O y SC
OCIICHC CI lCCCSC. PCl CIl3 3lIC, SI IIuCvC CxCCSIv3nCH-
IC, SC HunCOCCC OCn3SI3OC y SC ClC3H I3S CCHOICICHCS
3H3ClCOIC3S IHOCSC3OICS. L3 3IIul3 OCOC CSI3l CHIlC 1 y
1,5 n. L3 CIIn3 CS 1,5 n. NC H3Q3 II3S n3yClCS, uCS
SCH OIflCIICS OC Il3O3}3l, CCn3CI3H CI n3IClI3I y Cl}uOI-
C3H I3 3IlC3CICH.
Temperatura. LCS nIClCClQ3HISnCS, 3I uIIII23l ICS OCSC-
CHCS ClQ3HICCS, CH lCSCHCI3 OC 3IlC, lCOuCCH C3ICl. PCl
IC I3HIC, Cu3HOC I3 ICnCl3Iul3 OC I3 II3 CS 3II3, IHOIC3
uC ICS nIClCClQ3HISnCS CSI3H lCSIl3HOC OICH, SC nuIII-
IIC3H CHClnCnCHIC y CI lCCCSC CS 3CIIvC. ESI3 ICnC-
l3Iul3 Cln3HCCC CH CI IHIClICl OC I3 II3, uCS ICS n3IC-
lI3ICS ClQ3HICCS uIIII23OCS SCH 3ISI3HICS. Dul3HIC I3 CI3OC-
l3CICH OCI CCnCSI, SC lCOuCCH 3 f3SCS OC ICnCl3Iul3:
1. F3SC nCSCflIIC3 IHICI3I, CS I3 Cu3I I3 ICnCl3Iul3 OC I3
II3 CS SInII3l 3 I3 OCI 3nOICHIC.
&
2. F3SC IClnCQlIIC3, CH I3 uC I3 ICnCl3Iul3 SuOC H3SI3
55 - 65 C y Oul3HIC I3 Cu3I CCullC I3 n3xIn3 OCSCCnCSI-
CICH OC ICS lCSICS ClQ3HICCS. L3 ICnCl3Iul3 CIIn3 CS
OC 60 C, uCS SI CS n3S 3II3, uOICl3H nClIl ICS
nIClCClQ3HISnCS, uC SCH 3CIIvCS CH I3 OCSCCnCSICICH,
SC SCC3 I3 II3 y uCOC, IHCIuSC uCn3lSC.
3. F3SC nCSCflIIC3 fIH3I, CH I3 Cu3I I3 ICnCl3Iul3 OCSCICH-
OC H3SI3 3IC3H23l, CIl3 vC2, I3 OCI 3nOICHIC. ESIC OCSCCH-
SC SC uCOC lCOuCIl CluC SC H3y3 ClOIOC HunCO3O C
CluC SC H3y3H CCHSunIOC ICS HuIlInCHICS ClQ3HICCS
HCCCS3lICS 3l3 ICS nIClCClQ3HISnCS. ESIC IIInC l3l3 vC2
SuCCOC Oul3HIC I3S 2 lInCl3S SCn3H3S, Cl IC uC CI CH-
flI3nICHIC SC uCOC 3IlIOuIl 3 I3 f3II3 OC HunCO3O y CH-
ICHCCS, H3y uC vIl3l I3 II3 3l3 HunCOCCClI3. PCCuCl-
OC: HC SC HunCOCCC lCQ3HOC 3Qu3 SCOlC I3 II3 CSI3OICCI-
O3, SIHC Oul3HIC ICS vIl3}CS.
Y3 SC IICHC I3 CxClICHCI3 OC uC I3 f3SC IClnCflIIC3, CCH
OCSCCHCS 3QllCCI3S, SC 3IC3H23 3 ICS 2 C 3 Ol3S. Dul3HIC
CSI3 f3SC, uC uCOC Oul3l SCn3H3S, I3 ICnCl3Iul3 OC
55 3 60 C n3I3 3 ICS nIClCClQ3HISnCS 3ICQCHCS,
HCn3ICOCS, IHSCCICS I3Q3 y SCnIII3S OC I3HI3S IHOCSC3-
OICS; Cl IC I3HIC, uH CCnCSI OICH CI3OCl3OC CSI3l3 IIOlC
OC CSICS 3QCHICS HCCIvCS. SI I3 II3 HC SC C3IICHI3, SC uC-
OC 3IlIOuIl 3 uC HC SC HunCOCCIC OICH y CCH nuCH3 flC-
CuCHCI3, 3 uC SC 3IICC 3Qu3 CH CxCCSC.
kelacln carbononltrgeno adecuada
ES OC Ql3H InClI3HCI3, uCS CH uH n3IClI3I CCH lCI3CICH
C3lOCHC-HIIlCQCHC 3nII3 ICl C}CnIC Ql3nlHC3SI, CSI3
uCOC SCl OC 100:1 y CIIC 3I3lQ3 I3 OCSCCnCSICICH.
L3 lCI3CICH C3lOCHC-HIIlCQCHC OCI n3IClI3I C ICS n3IClI3-
ICS ClQ3HICCS uIIII23OCS OCOC CSI3l CHIlC 30 3 40. UH3 II3
HCCH3 CCH lCSICS ClQ3HICCS OC lCI3CICH C3lOCHC-HIIlCQC-
HC nCHCl SuflC uH3 l3IO3 OCQl3O3CICH, 3unCHI3 nuCHC
I3 ICnCl3Iul3, SC SCC3 y SC uCOC uCn3l. PCl IC I3HIC,
HC SC OCOCH CnIC3l ICQunIHCS3S, CSIIClCCICS HI C3CH323
&
SCICS 3l3 CI3OCl3l CCnCSI, Cl CI CCHIl3lIC, CCHvICHC
nC2CI3lICS CCH CIlCS OC 3II3 lCI3CICH C3lOCHC-HIIlCQCHC I
n3l2, HC}3S OC C3H3, O3Q32C, lCSICS OC I3S CCSCCH3S OC vC-
QCI3ICS, I3S HIClO3S lCOuCIC OC I3 CSC3lO3, CIC.I
Eleccln del lugar de elaboracln del compoSt:
L3 CICCCICH OCI IuQ3l IICHC 2 IInII3CICHCS: Il3HSClIC y OIS-
CHIOIIIO3O OC 3Qu3. L3S II3S SC OCOCH CSI3OICCCl OCHOC
SC uCO3H IICv3l f3CIInCHIC ICS lCSICS, 3l3 CvII3l Q3SICS
OC Il3HSClIC, y OCHOC H3y3 3Qu3 C SC3 n3S f3CII IICv3lI3.
L3 fuCHIC OC 3Qu3 uCOC SCl, IHCIuSC uH C2C C uH I3HuC
IICv3OC CH uH3 l3SIl3 OC Il3CCICH 3HIn3I. EI IuQ3l OCOC
SCl OC OuCH OlCH3}C, SufICICHICnCHIC 3IIC 3l3 CvII3l CH-
CH3lC3nICHIC y, lCfClIOICnCHIC, CCH CIClIC OCCIIvC, CS
CCHvCHICHIC, ClC HC InlCSCIHOIOIC, uIIII23l uH IuQ3l SCn-
OlC3OC O3}C 3lOCICS. L3S n3IC23S SC OCOCH CIInIH3l OC
CSC IuQ3l nCOI3HIC CSC3lOIII3 C IHCClCl3CICH 3 I3S II3S
3l3 uC HC CCHI3nIHCH CCH SuS SCnIII3S CI CCnCSI CI3-
OCl3OC. EH OCfIHIIIv3, I3 CICCCICH OCI IuQ3l CS uH3 OCCI-
SICH 3lIICuI3l, 3uHuC SC OCOCH SCQuIl, CCnC lCQI3 QC-
HCl3I, I3S ClICHI3CICHCS SCH3I3O3S 3HIClIClnCHIC.
PreSencla de mlcroorganlSmoS adecuadoS
L3 OCQl3O3CICH OC ICS lCSIOuCS ClQ3HICCS CH CSIC lCCCSC
OC CI3OCl3CICH OC CCnCSI CS IICv3O3 3 C3OC Cl HCHQCS,
3CIIHCnICCICS If3SC fIH3II y O3CIClI3S 3ClCOIC3S. ESICS
nIClCClQ3HISnCS SuCICH CSI3l lCSCHIC CH O3}C HnClC
CH ICS lCSICS ClQ3HICCS. PCl CIIC, nCOClH3nCHIC, SC Cn-
IC3H IHCCuICS OC nIClCClQ3HISnCS uC 3CCICl3H CI lC-
CCSC y CHlIuCCCH CI CCnCSI CCH lCOuCICS OC Su nCI3-
OCIISnC, uC f3vClCCCH CI OCS3llCIIC OC I3S I3HI3S y SC
CCHCH 3 ICS 3QCHICS C3uS3HICS OC CHfClnCO3OCS.
EStableclmlentoS de laS pllaS
DCSuCS OC CSCCQIOC CI IuQ3l, SC lCCCOC 3 CI3OCl3l I3S
II3S. ESI3S SC OCOCH H3CCl SIQuICHOC CI ClOCH OC ICS 3-
SCS SIQuICHICS:
&
- UH3 C33 OC lCSICS ClQ3HICCS I20 3 30 CnI.
- SC 3H3OC uH3 C33 OC CSIIClCCICS, C3CH323, CIC. ESI3
C33 HC IICHC uC SCl nuy 3HCH3 I2 3 5 CnI. ES CCHvC-
HICHIC 3H3OIlI3, uCS nC}Cl3 I3 C3IIO3O OCI CCnCSI y
SIlvC CCnC IHCCuIC 3l3 3CCICl3l CI lCCCSC.
- L3S II3S SC ICS uCOC 3OICICH3l CCHI23, uC CHlIuCCC CI
CCnCSI CH CI3SIC, I3nOICH SC uCOC 3H3OIl C3II23
fCSf3I3O3, CS3lCICHOCI3 SCOlC I3S C33S, OCSuCS OC
HunCOCCClI3S.
- SI H3y OIvClSCS lCICS, Cl C}CnIC, 3}3 OC 3llC2, OC}u-
CC y fCII3}C OC OCHI3IC y lCSICS OC I3I3HC, SC 3IIClH3H
I3S C33S CCH CSICS n3IClI3ICS. EI lCCCOInICHIC SC lC-
IIC H3SI3 uC I3 II3 3IC3HCC CHIlC 1 3 1,5 n OC 3IIul3.
PCCuClOC uC I3 CIIn3 CS 1,5 n.
- L3 II3 SC OC}3 uICI3, SIH nC}3lI3 n3S, y CS HCCCS3lIC
nCOIl I3 ICnCl3Iul3. P3l3 CIIC, 3 f3II3 OC uH IClnC-
nCIlC OC SuCIC, SC IHIlCOuCC uH3 v3lIII3 nCI3IIC3 IC3OI-
II3I IHC nuy QluCS3I OC 1 n OC I3lQC OCHIlC OC I3 II3.
C3O3 Ol3 SC CCHIlCI3, I3 ICnCl3Iul3 OC fCln3 3lCxI-
n3O3, SI I3 C3OIII3 IICHC I3 ICnCl3Iul3 3nOICHIC, ICO3-
vl3 HC SC H3 IHICI3OC I3 f3SC IClnCflIIC3. SI CSI3 IIOI3,
CCnICH23 3 3unCHI3l I3 ICnCl3Iul3 y SI C3SI uCn3,
y3 CSI3 CHIlC 55 3 60 C. ESIC uCOC CCullIl OCHIlC OC
ICS 2 C 3 Ol3S OC CSI3OICCIO3 I3 II3.
- Cu3HOC 3SCH 9 Ol3S OC CSI3OICCIO3 I3 II3, SC lCCCOC
3I lInCl vIl3}C, CS OCCIl, SC IHvIClICH I3S C33S, CHICH-
OC I3S SuClIClCS OCO3}C y I3S IHfClIClCS 3llIO3. ESIC
3SC SC OCOC O3l CH CSC nCnCHIC, 3uHuC I3 II3 CSIC
CH f3SC IClnCflIIC3. Su lCCSIIC CS nC2CI3l I3S C33S.
- EH ICS vIl3}CS, SC OCOC HunCOCCCl I3 II3, CSCCI3InCH-
IC, CH ICS CSIl3ICS SuClIClCS. Dul3HIC I3 CCC3 OC IIu-
vI3, CCH flCCuCHCI3, HC CS HCCCS3lIC HunCOCCCl I3 II3
CH C3O3 vIl3}C. PCCuClOC CvII3l CI CxCCSC OC HunCO3O
y n3HICHCl I3 3IIul3 OC I3 II3 OC 1 3 1,5 n.
&!
- DCSuCS OCI lInCl vIl3}C, SC OC}3 CIl3 vC2 CH lCCSC y
SC CCHIlCI3, OI3lI3nCHIC, I3 ICnCl3Iul3, uC OCOC 3I-
C3H23l CIl3 vC2 I3 f3SC IClnCflIIC3; CHICHCCS, SC CSCl3
3 uC O3}C OC HuCvC I3 ICnCl3Iul3 3l3 CfCCIu3l CI
SCQuHOC vIl3}C, uC uCOC SCl CHIlC ICS 5 3 15 C n3S
Ol3S. EH CSIC C3SC, I3 ICnCl3Iul3 uCOC O3}3l CluC:
1 SC H3 SCC3OC I3 II3
2 SC H3 CCn3CI3OC.
3 L3 nIClCfICl3 uC SIHICII23 CI HunuS H3 CCHSunIOC
ICS HuIlInCHICS.
- DCSuCS OCI SCQuHOC vIl3}C, SC HunCOCCC I3nOICH I3
II3, SI CS HCCCS3lIC, y SC vuCIvC 3 nCOIl OI3lI3nCHIC I3
ICnCl3Iul3. SI CSI3 HC 3unCHI3 n3S, SC CSI3 CH CI
IClCCl C3SC y y3 CI n3IClI3I CSI3 HunIfIC3OC. EH CSIC
nCnCHIC, y3 IICHC 33lICHCI3 OC IICll3 CSCul3 y CSCC
CICl C3l3CICllSIICC 3 HunuS. EHICHCCS, SC lCCCOC 3 I3
n3Oul3CICH y SCC3OC, 3l3 IC Cu3I SC O3H vIl3}CS C3O3 2
C 3 Ol3S, SIH HunCOCCCl n3S HI 3unCHI3l I3 3IIul3. Cu3H-
OC I3 HunCO3O CSIC CHIlC 35 y 40 CI CCnCSI
IOICIICll3I y3 CSI3 IISIC 3l3 SCl uIIII23OC. NC SC OCOC
CHv3S3l CH S3CCS OC fIOl3 vCQCI3I y SC OCOC lCICQCl
OCI SCI y OC I3 IIuvI3.
- SI, Cu3HOC SC O3 CI SCQuHOC vIl3}C, vuCIvC 3 SuOIl I3 ICn-
Cl3Iul3, H3y uC vCIvCl 3 CSCl3l uC O3}C, y 3Sl H3SI3
uC HC vuCIv3 3 SuOIl n3S.
keSumen
ASpectoS declSlvoS para la elaboracln rplda del
compoSt
- NC H3CCl I3S II3S CH IuQ3lCS O3}CS, lCCHSCS 3
CHCH3lC3lSC.
- LInI3l OC I3HI3S IHOCSC3OICS ICS IuQ3lCS CCHIIQuCS C
IHCClCl3l I3S n3IC23S flCSC3S 3 I3 II3.
&"
- DISCHCl SICnlC ICS lCSICS ClQ3HICCS Cl CSIl3ICS, 3H3-
OIl CI IHCCuIC CHCIn3 y HunCOCCCl.
- EvII3l CI CxCCSC OC 3Qu3 3I HunCOCCCl. LCS lCSICS OC-
OCH CSI3l HnCOCS y QCIC3l, IIQCl3nCHIC, Cu3HOC SC
ICn3 uH uH3OC.
- PIC3l ICS lCSICS nuy vCIunIHCSCS.
- NC H3CCl II3S OC n3S OC 2 n OC 3HCHul3, SI HC SC v3H 3
vIl3l nCC3HIC3nCHIC. L3 ICHQIIuO n3xIn3 lCCCnCH-
O3OIC CS OC 10 n OC ICHQIIuO 3l3 I3S CCHOICICHCS OC I3
3QlICuIIul3 SIH nCC3HI23l.
- L3 II3 OCOC SCl CCnICI3O3 y vIl3O3 CH uH Ol3, y Su
fCln3 HC OCOC SCl Cu3Ol3O3, SCOlC ICOC, CH I3 CCC3
OC IIuvI3.
- HunCOCCCl I3 II3 Oul3HIC ICS vIl3}CS.
- DCSuCS OCI SCQuHOC vIl3}C, y 3HICS OCI IClnIHC OC I3
n3Oul3CICH, HC vIl3l I3 II3 SI HC O3}3 I3 ICnCl3Iul3.
- SC lCIICl3 uC CI CCnCSI SC OCOC CI3OCl3l CCH ICS
lCSICS HC uIIII23OICS, uC CSIClO3H y 3H uCOCH CCHS-
IIIuIl CIIQlC 3l3 I3 S3IuO Hun3H3, 3HIn3I y vCQCI3I.
NC uS3l, IHHCCCS3lI3nCHIC, 3IInCHICS 3OCCu3OCS 3l3
ICS 3HIn3ICS C CI HCnOlC.
- EI CCnCSI HC OCOC SCl CHv3S3OC CH S3CCS OC fIOl3 vC-
QCI3I.
&#
L0M8klCULTUkA
L3 InClI3HCI3 uC lCSCHI3H I3S ICnOlICCS CH I3 fCln3-
CICH OC HunuS CH CI SuCIC CS CCHCCIO3 OCSOC I3 3HIIQuC-
O3O. AlISICICICS, Ql3H fIICSCfC QlICQC, OCfIHIC I3 ICnOlI2
CCnC CI IHICSIIHC OC I3 TICll3.
LCS lInClCS CSIuOICS SCOlC CSIC ICn3 y I3S lInCl3S HC-
CICHCS SCOlC CI H3OII3I OC I3 ICnOlI2 O3I3H OC 1837, CH
IHvCSIIQ3CICHCS IICv3O3S 3 C3OC Cl CI OICICQC D3lWIH.
L3 LCnOlICuIIul3 SC OCfIHC CCnC I3 ICCHIC3 3l3 Il3HSfCl-
n3CICH OC ICS lCSIOuCS SCIIOCS ClQ3HICCS Cl nCOIC OC I3
ICnOlI2 OC IICll3, COICHICHOCSC:
- AOCHC ClQ3HICC CCHCCIOC CCH CI HCnOlC OC "HunuS" C
"C3SIIHQ" OC Ql3H OCn3HO3 CH CI nClC3OC nuHOI3I.
- PlCIClH3 3HIn3I 3 3lIIl OC I3 ICnOlI2 OC IICll3 3l3 I3
3IInCHI3CICH 3HIn3I y Hun3H3.
- UH CCHIlCI CfCCIIvC y CCCHCnICC OC ICS CCHI3nIH3ICS
SCIIOCS ClQ3HICCS.
ES HCCCS3lIC OCSI3C3l uC CI CuIIIvC OC I3 ICnOlI2 OC IIC-
ll3 lCCIS3 OC nuy O3}C CCSIC y uC CCnC lCSuII3OC OlIH-
O3 lCOuCICS OC 3nII3 OCn3HO3 CH CI nClC3OC nuHOI3I
y OC nuy OuCH lCCIC.
La lombrlz de tlerra
P3l3 CSI3 ICCHCICQl3 SC uIIII23H CSCCICS uC SCH C33CCS
OC vIvIl CH C3uIIvClIC 3HIC 3CunuI3CICHCS OC n3IClI3ICS
ClQ3HICCS SIH CSC33lSC OCI CuIIIvC.
DC I3S 8000 CSCCICS OC ICnOlICCS lCClI3O3S CH CI nuH-
OC, SCI3nCHIC uH3S CC3S SC 3O3I3H 3 CSI3S CCHOICICHCS
CCH CICICS OC vIO3 n3S CClICS, HnClC OC Cll3S y CIl3S C3-
l3CICllSIIC3S uC SuCl3H 3I lCSIC y CS CCHCCIO3 CCnC "ICn-
OlI2 CCnClCI3I".
&$
ESI3S ICnOlICCS uCOCH vIvIl H3SI3 CH HnClC OC 50 nII
Cl nCIlC Cu3Ol3OC. SCH HCln3flCOII3S IHSufICICHICS,
uIClC OCCIl uC HC SC fCCuHO3H SCI3S, uC HCCCSII3H OC
CIlC IHOIvIOuC, lCSCHI3 3II3 OC lClCOuCCICH y SC H3CCH
3OuII3S 3I IClCCl nCS OC vIO3.
DCSuCS OCI 33lC3nICHIC OCCSII3H C3O3 7 3 14 Ol3S uH3
C3SuI3 uC CCHIICHC OC 2 3 20 HuCvCS uC CCICSICH3H
3S3OCS ICS 21 Ol3S. DC CSI3 fCln3 uH3 ICnOlI2 3OuII3 CS
C332 OC ICHCl CH uH 3HC 5 nII Cll3S.
Tabla 6. Comparacln entre la lombrlz comn de tle
rra y la comerclal.
Caractersticas Lombriz comn Lombriz comercial
Ciclo de vida 4 aos 16 aos
Copula Cada 45 das Cada 7 das
Cras por cpsula
2 a 4 2 a 21
Cuerpo Flcido Fuerte
Temperatura
ptima
10 a 12 C 20 C
Habitad Suelo arcilloso Compost
Hbito de vida
Hacen galeras hasta 2 m de
profundidad. Son errantes,
depositan sus deyecciones en la
superficie del suelo.
No emigran, viven en cautiverio.
Depositan sus deyecciones en el
interior de las camas o barbacoas.
EStableclmlento del ple de cra
NCln3InCHIC, SC CCnICH23 CCH CI fCnCHIC OCI IC OC Cll3,
Cl IC Cu3I CS HCCCS3lIC H3OCl 3CCHOICICH3OC CI 3lC3 OCS-
IIH3O3 3 CSIC fIH, OC n3HCl3 I3I uC, Cu3HOC SC lCCIO3 CSIC,
y3 SC CuCHIC CCH ICS CCHICHCOClCS lC3l3OCS, CI SISICn3
OC lICQC IHSI3I3OC y uH3 OuCH3 lCSClv3 OC 3IInCHICS.
EI IC OC Cll3 CSI3 CCHSIIIuIOC Cl 2 kQ OC ICnOlICCS Cl
nCIlC Cu3Ol3OC. SI CI IC OC Cll3 uC SC v3 3 lCCIOIl vICHC
3CCn3H3OC OC uH3 OuCH3 C3HIIO3O OC HunuS, SC OCOC
CS3lCIl CSIC SCOlC I3 SuClfICIC OC I3 C3HC3 C C3HIClC y
&%
IuCQC SC lCCCOCl3 3 CuOlIlIC CCH uH3 C33 OC 3IInCHIC
OC 15 Cn OC CSCSCl. A CCHIIHu3CICH, SC lCQ3l3. L3 HunC-
O3O SC OCOC n3HICHCl SICnlC SCOlC 80 3 85 .
UH nCOC l3CIICC OC CCHCCCl CI Ql3OC OC HunCO3O CS
ICn3l uH uH3OC OCI SuSIl3IC, 3lCI3lIC Su3vCnCHIC, SI
CSIC HC QCIC3 y 3I 3OlIl I3 n3HC ICn3 I3 fCln3 OC CSI3,
CHICHCCS I3 HunCO3O CS CIIn3; SI QCIC3, CS CxCCSIv3, y SI
SC OCSnClCH3, CS nuy CC3.
Allmentacln
EI 3IInCHIC uCOC CSI3l CCHSIIIuIOC Cl Cu3IuICl IIC OC
n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 CH OCSCCnCSICICH IHC 3CIO3I I3ICS CCnC:
- ESIIClCCI v3CuHC, CuIHC, CuHlCuI3, C3lIHC, CIC. OICH
fClnCHI3OCS, 3l3 uC CI H y I3 ICnCl3Iul3 SC H3y3
CSI3OIII23OC.
- MC2CI3 OC lCSIOuCS ClQ3HICCS IHIClO3 SCC3, HC}3l3SC3,
3CI, C3lICH, CCHCH3 OC 3llC2, uI3 OC C3fC, C3CH323,
CIC.I OICH fl3QnCHI3OCS, OCSnCHu23OCS y nC2CI3OCS 3
50 CCH 3IQH lCSIOuC OC ClIQCH 3HIn3I ICSIIClCCII.
ESI3 nC2CI3 SC OCOC lC3l3l CCH v3lICS Ol3S OC 3HICI3-
CICH I15 3 20I HunCOCCICHOCI3 OICH, CCH CI fIH OC uC
fClnCHIC. AHICS OC uIIII23lI3, SC OCOC CHCuC3l CI H y I3
ICnCl3Iul3. EI v3ICl OCI H 3l3 Cu3IuICl3 OC CSICS n3-
IClI3ICS OCOC CSI3l CHIlC 7,5 y 8,5 y I3 ICnCl3Iul3 IQu3I 3
I3 3nOICHI3I.
ES HCCCS3lIC CCHCCCl uC I3 ICnOlI2 OC IICll3 CS C332 OC
IHQClIl ICOCS ICS n3IClI3ICS CCH CxCCCICH OC nCI3ICS,
vIOlICS, I3SIICCS y QCn3S.
SC 3IInCHI3H C3O3 7 Ol3S CCH uH3 C33 OC 10 Cn OC 3II-
nCHIC CCH I3S C3l3CICllSIIC3S 3HICS nCHCICH3O3.
&&
Prueba de la caja lP 50 Ll
TCOC 3IInCHIC uC v3y3 3 SCl uIIII23OC OCOC SCl SCnCIIOC
3 I3 luCO3 P 50 L uC CCHSISIC CH ICn3l uH3 C3}3 OC n3-
OCl3 C I3SIIC3, CCH ClIfICICS OC OlCH3}C y I3S SIQuICHICS
OInCHSICHCS: ICHQIIuO 0,30 Cn, 3HCHul3 0,30 Cn y 3IIul3
0,10 Cn. SC CCICC3H 5 C 6 Cn OCI 3IInCHIC, lCvI3nCHIC
HunCOCCIOC y CuyC H H3y3 SIOC CCHIlCI3OC, SC IHSI3I3H
CH CII3 50 ICnOlICCS, CCICC3HOCI3S SCOlC I3 SuClfICIC. SI
CI 3IInCHIC CS OuCHC, CII3S OCSCCHOCl3H 3I CCC IICnC.
SC OC}3 lCCS3l Cl 24 HCl3S y SC CuCHI3H OC HuCvC. SI SC
CHCuCHIl3H OC 49 3 50 IHOIvIOuCS, CI 3IInCHIC CSI3 CH C-
IIn3S CCHOICICHCS, ClC OC HC SCl 3Sl SC ICHOl3 uC OCS-
CCH3l, uCS HC CS OuCHC.
C3O3 vC2 uC SC v3y3 3 3IInCHI3l I3 Cll3, 3uHuC SC3 OC
uH3 nISn3 II3, SC OCOC H3CCl CSI3 luCO3.
ESI3OICCInICHIC OC C3n3S, IIICl3S C C3HIClCS 3l3 I3 lC-
OuCCICH OC HunuS.
SC uCOCH H3CCl ICS C3HIClCS OIlCCI3nCHIC SCOlC CI SuC-
IC. L3S OInCHSICHCS uCOCH SCl I3S SIQuICHICS:
AHCHC: 1 1 1,5 n.
L3lQC: 10 3 30 n.
P3l3 CSI3OICCCl CI CuIIIvC CH CSI3S CCHOICICHCS SC lCCCOC
OC I3 fCln3 SIQuICHIC:
- SC CCICC3 uH3 C33 OC 10 3 15 Cn OCI n3IClI3I ClQ3HICC
CH I3 SuClfICIC OCI ICllCHC.
- SC HunCOCCC CCH 3Qu3.
- SC SICnOl3H I3S ICnOlICCS OC uH3 C3HC3 lCCCOCHIC OCI
IC OC Cll3 C 2 kQ OC ICnOlICCS Cl n2 OC C3HIClC CS-
3lCICHOCI3S Cl I3 SuClfICIC.
&'
L3 3IInCHI3CICH SC lC3II23 C3O3 7 Ol3S CCICC3HOC uH3 C33
OC 10 Cn C3O3 vC2. SIH CnO3lQC CSI3 flCCuCHCI3 I3 OCICl-
nIH3 I3 COI3CICH CxISICHIC y3 uC 3 n3yClCS CCHCCHIl3-
CICHCS OC ICnOlICCS CCHSunIl3H CI 3IInCHIC n3S l3IO3-
nCHIC.
UH3 fCln3 l3CIIC3 OC CCHCCCl I3 HCCCSIO3O OC 3IInCH-
ICS CS COSClv3HOC I3 SuClfICIC OCI C3HIClC. SI COSClv3 uC
CI HunuS IICHC 33lICHCI3 OC OCll3 OC C3fC y I3 fCln3CICH
OC CuCHCS I3O3uIICS lCSuII3 HCCCS3lIC 3IInCHI3l, uCS-
IC uC CS HunuS lCCICH CxClCI3OC y CSI3 IHOIC3HOC uC
SC CHCuCHIl3H nuy CClC3 OC I3 SuClfICIC I3S ICnOlICCS.
SC lCCCOC OC CSI3 fCln3 H3SI3 uC CI C3HIClC 3IC3HCC
uH3 3IIul3 HC n3yCl OC
70 Cn.
P3l3 lCCCOCl 3 I3HIfIC3l I3 C3HIIO3O OC 3IInCHIC 3l3
uH3 CxICI3CICH OCIClnIH3O3 lCSuII3 HCCCS3lIC S3OCl uC
Cl C3O3 1000 kQ OC n3IClI3I ClQ3HICC uIIII23OC CH I3 3II-
nCHI3CICH OC I3S ICnOlICCS SC lCOuCIl3H OC 500 3 600 kQ
OC HunuS.
klego
DCCHOCl3 OC I3S CCHOICICHCS CIIn3IIC3S y OC I3 CCC3 OCI
3HC. SC OCOC Q3l3HII23l CI 80 OC HunCO3O CH CI SuSIl3IC
Oul3HIC ICOC CI IICnC. AOCn3S, SClvIl3 I3nOICH 3l3
CCHIlCI3l I3 ICnCl3Iul3, y3 uC I3S ICnOlICCS I3nCCC
ICICl3H uC CSI3 SC3 3II3.
PCl C}CnIC, CH Ol3S C3IulCSCS y SCCCS, CS CSIOIC uC SC3
HCCCS3lIC lCQ3l H3SI3 3 vCCCS.
EI l3HQC CIInC OC ICnCl3Iul3 CSI3 CHIlC ICS 20 y 28 C
y SC uCOC CCHIlCI3l 3 Il3vCS OCI lICQC y I3 SCnOl3.
EH C3SC OC uC I3S ICnCl3Iul3S SC3H nuy O3}3S, SCl3 HC-
CCS3lIC 3llC3l, y lCQ3l IC nCHCS CSIOIC, SIH Cl}uOIC3l 3
ICS 3HIn3ICS.
'
CoSecha del humuS
SC uCOC CCSCCH3l CHIlC ICS 45 y 90 Ol3S. SC OCOC lCCCl-
O3l uC I3 3IIul3 OC ICS C3HIClCS HC OCOC SCOlC3S3l ICS
70 Cn y uC I3 COI3CICH OCOC CSI3l CH :
M3S OC 500 C3uIICS Cl nCIlC Cu3Ol3OC.
AOuIICS OCOCH lClCSCHI3l CI 40 .
JuvCHIICS CI 60.
L3 CCICCI3 SC uCOC lC3II23l Cl 4 nCICOCS:
1 Mtodo del raSpado: PCl l3S3OC OC I3 SuClfICIC OCI
C3HIClC C O3lO3CC3, 3 I3 Cu3I SC IC H3Ol3 lCIIl3OC CI lIC-
QC CCH 3HICI3CICH. PCIIl3l I3 lInCl3 C33, OC uHCS
CCCS CCHIlnCIlCS, HC H3OII3O3 Cl I3S ICnOlICCS uC,
Oul3HIC CI Ol3, OCSCICHOCH, HuyCHOC OC I3 Iu2 y CH OuS-
C3 OC I3 HunCO3O. Cu3HOC 33lCCCH ICS lInClCS 3HI-
n3ICS, SC CSCl3 OC 30 3 60 nIHuICS, 3l3 uC CHCIlCH
n3S, y SC vuCIvC 3 l3S3l y 3Sl, SuCCSIv3nCHIC, H3SI3
uC uCO3 uH3 Ql3H CCHCCHIl3CICH OC ICnOlICCS CH I3
O3SC OCI C3HIClC. ES3S uCOCH SCl uS3O3S 3l3 IHCCuI3l
CIlCS C3HIClCS lCCICH nCHI3OCS C SInICnCHIC SC vuCI-
vCH 3 3IInCHI3l 3l3 CCHIIHu3l I3 lCOuCCICH OC Hu-
nuS. EI OCSOCOIC C IHCCuI3CICH OC HuCvCS C3HIClCS SC
OCOC H3CCl Cu3HOC I3 OCHSIO3O OC I3 COI3CICH 3IC3H23
ICS 3 kQ/n2 I 3l3 EuOlIIuS C.I C 20000 IHOIvIOuCS/n2 I
CH CI C3SC OC EISCHI3 f.I.
2 Mtodo de la plrmlde: SC CxIl3C CI HunuS OC ICS
C3HIClCS y SC v3H fCln3HOC II3S CCHIC3S 3I SCI. AI C3OC
OC 1 C 2 HCl3S, I3S ICnOlICCS nIQl3H 3I CCHIlC OC I3 O3SC
OCI CCHC, SC OISQlCQ3 CI HunuS y SC CCICCI3H I3S ICnOlI-
CCS CH fCln3 OC OCI3.
3 Tamlzado: A Il3vCS OC uH3 ClIO3 C nCOI3HIC uH3 n3-
uIH3 I3nI23OCl3.
'
EI HunuS COICHIOC CS CI lCOuCIC fIH3I OCI lCCCSC OC
OCQl3O3CICH OC I3 n3IClI3 ClQ3HIC3 y CI lIHCI3I lCSCH-
S3OIC OC I3 fClIIIIO3O OCI SuCIC. Su CCnCSICICH ulnIC3
CS nuy CCnIC}3, y3 uC SC Il3I3 OC uH CCnuCSIC OC
3IIC CSC nCICCuI3l, CCHSIIIuIOC Cl: 3CIOCS HnICCS, 3CI-
OCS fIvICCS y HunIH3S IT3OI3 12I.
Tabla 7. ConStltucln qumlca del humuS
Elemento Concentracin %
Materia orgnica 50 a 70
pH 6,8
Nitrgeno 1,5 a 2,2
Fsforo 1,8 a 2,2
Potasio 1,0 a 1,5
Calcio 4,6 a 4,8
Magnesio 0,88
MedldaS SanltarlaS
CCnC CH CSI3 ICCHCICQl3 SC Il3O3}3 CCH CxClCI3S OC 3HI-
n3ICS C OCSCCHCS ClQ3HICCS, CI ClSCH3I uC n3HIuI3 OI-
lCCI3nCHIC CI 3IInCHIC y I3S ICnOlICCS OCOCl3 n3HICHCl
uH3 HIQICHC CxIlCn3, y ICn3l I3S SIQuICHICS lCC3uCICHCS:
1- Tl3O3}3l3 CCH lC3 3OCCu3O3 3l3 CSIC fIH y SCIC I3
uIIII23l3 CCH CSC CO}CIC.
2- UIIII23l3 Qu3HICS OC QCn3 3l3 lC3II23l ICS nuCSIlCCS,
C OC ICI3 3l3 lC3II23l I3 3IInCHI3CICH.
3- ASCC nIHuCICSC, CCH }3OCH y CCIIIC OC I3S n3HCS, 3I
IClnIH3l I3S I3OClCS C 3HICS OC IHQClIl 3IInCHIC 3IQu-
HC.
4- NC fun3l nICHIl3S Il3O3}3.
'
C0N5lDEkACl0NE5 PAkA UNA
ALlMENTAClN 8ALANCEADA
EH ICOC CI nuHOC, SC H3H vCHIOC InI3HI3HOC 3nIICS
lCQl3n3S 3l3 CI OCS3llCIIC OC I3 nCOICIH3 H3Iul3I y Il3-
OICICH3I y SC H3 vCHIOC InuIS3HOC I3 nCOICIH3 lCvCHII-
v3; CCH uH fClI3ICCInICHIC OC I3 3ICHCICH lIn3lI3 y I3
nCOICIH3 CCnuHII3lI3 3 Il3vCS OC ICS nCOICCS OC I3 f3nI-
II3. SIH CnO3lQC, 3l3 IICv3l 3 C3OC uH3 vClO3OCl3 nCOI-
CIH3 lCvCHIIv3, CSI3 IICHC uC lCI3CICH3lSC, nuy lHIIn3-
nCHIC, CCH CI CSIIIC OC vIO3 y ICS H3OIICS CCllCCICS OC
3IInCHI3CICH.
L3 S3IuO HC CS SCHCIII3nCHIC I3 3uSCHCI3 OC 3IQuH3 CHfCl-
nCO3O; CII3 OCCHOC, CH Ql3H nCOIO3, OC HuCSIl3 3IInCH-
I3CICH, I3 Cu3I, IHOCCHOICHICnCHIC OC I3 3OuHO3HCI3 y
v3lICO3O OC ICS 3IInCHICS, nuCH3S vCCCS lCSuII3 IH3OCCu3-
O3 y C332 OC lCvCC3l lCOICn3S OC S3IuO. ExISIC CI f3ISC
CCHCCIC OC uC I3 nC}Cl OICI3 CS 3uCII3 uC IICHC nu-
CH3 lCIClH3 OC ClIQCH 3HIn3I, nuCH3 Ql3S3, nuCH3 32-
C3l, CIC. y SC CIvIO3H OC ICS vCQCI3ICS, I3S HClI3II23S y I3S
fluI3S, CuyC CCHSunC, OC fCln3 QCHCl3I y CH nuCHCS 3l-
SCS, CS O3SI3HIC O3}C. NC ICO3S I3S ClSCH3S IICHCH CI OuCH
H3OIIC OC CCnCl 3IInCHICS flCSCCS, CluOCS y lCCICH lC-
3l3OCS.
L3 3IInCHI3CICH H3Iul3I CS 3lIC OC uH SISICn3 IOCHCC 3l3
I3 3OCCu3O3 HuIlICICH, y3 uC lCClCICH3 3I ClQ3HISnC
v3IICSlSInCS CICnCHICS HuIlIIIvCS, CCnC vII3nIH3S, nIHC-
l3ICS y CH2In3S, InlCSCIHOIOICS 3l3 CI n3HICHInICHIC
OC I3 S3IuO y I3 lCvCHCICH OC nuCH3S CHfClnCO3OCS.
lmportancla de la allmentacln natural
LCS 3IInCHICS CCHSIIIuyCH uH CICnCHIC fuHO3nCHI3I 3l3
I3 vIO3 y CHIlC SuS InClI3HICS fuHCICHCS, Su v3ICl fuHO3-
nCHI3I l3OIC3 CH Su C3IIO3O CCnC fuCHIC OC CHClQl3. ExIS-
ICH 3IInCHICS y CCnOIH3CICHCS OC CSICS uC uCOCH SCl
O3HIHCS 3l3 I3 S3IuO; CIlCS, CH C3nOIC, 3yuO3H 3 lC-
vCHIl y Cul3l CHfClnCO3OCS. L3 3IInCHI3CICH H3Iul3I,
'!
3OCn3S OC lCIl3S3l CI OCIClIClC ClQ3HICC lCIC OCI CH-
vC}CCInICHIC y 3unCHI3l I3 C3IIO3O OC vIO3 OC I3S ClSC-
H3S, uCOC lCvCHIl I3 33lICICH OC CHfClnCO3OCS I3ICS
CCnC: CClCOlC-v3SCuI3lCS, HIClICHSICH 3lIClI3I, IHf3lIC
C3lOl3CC, I3 OI3OCICS, CSICCClCSIS, 3lIClICSCIClCSIS, C3I3-
l3I3S, lCOICn3S lCun3IICCS, CIC. L3 3IInCHI3CICH SIlvC
I3nOICH 3l3 Cul3lI3S uCS CI 3IInCHIC CS uH3 nCOICIH3,
3Sl OCCl3 HICCl3ICS, 3OlC OC I3 nCOICIH3 CCCIOCHI3I, "uC
vuCSIlC 3IInCHIC SC3 vuCSIl3 nCOICIH3".
L3 Il3nIOC OC I3 fIQul3 52 IHOIC3 uC I3 O3SC OC ICS 3II-
nCHICS uC SC CCHSunIl3H CH n3yCl C3HIIO3O CSI3 CH I3S
vClOul3S y I3S fluI3S. ESI3S CCHIICHCH I3S vII3nIH3S y nI-
HCl3ICS n3S InClI3HICS 3l3 CI fuHCICH3nICHIC OC IC-
OCS IC ClQ3HCS OCI CuClC. SCQH 3SCICHOC I3 Il3nIOC,
SC CCICC3H ICS 3IInCHICS CCHSIOCl3OC SCCuHO3lICS, Cl I3
C3HIIO3O OI3lI3 uC SC OCOC CCHSunIl. ES OCCIl, uC HuH-
C3 SC OCOC IHvClIIl I3 Il3nIOC, uCSIC uC Su CuIIIOlIC
CSI3l3 CH CIIQlC.
ES InClI3HIC CCHCCCl I3S vII3nIH3S uC CCHIICHCH ICS
lIHCI3ICS vCQCI3ICS. DC CSI3 n3HCl3, SC COl3H CCnOI-
H3l CH I3 OICI3 OI3lI3, OC n3HCl3 uC, I3HIC ICS HIHCS CCnC
ICS 3HCI3HCS y OCn3S nICnOlCS OC I3 f3nIII3, CSICH IQu3I-
nCHIC HuIlIOCS y CCH OuCH3 S3IuO.
EH I3 I3OI3 14 SC CxCHCH ICS vCQCI3ICS n3S CCnuHCS y CI
CCHICHIOC OC vII3nIH3S, CH ClOCH OCClCCICHIC.
L3S HClI3II23S I3nOICH SC uCOCH uIIII23l CCnC nCOICI-
H3S, CH 3IQuH3S CC3SICHCS, 3l3 IC Cu3I SC uCOCH lC3-
l3l ICS SIQuICHICS lCnCOICS C3SClCS:
0aStrltlS. EI }uQC OC 23H3HClI3, lCnCI3CH3 y CIHC, nC2-
CI3OCS, 3Sl CCnC CI OC CSIH3C3 y ICn3IC, lCSuII3H lCCC-
nCHO3OICS.
lceraS gStrlca. SC uCOC CCHSunIl CI }uQC OC CCI.
'"
EnfermedadeS del hgado. SC lCCCnICHO3H ICS }uQCS OC
23H3HClI3, ICn3IC, C3I3O323, lCnCI3CH3 CluO3, CCI y CSI-
H3C3.
HlpertenSln arterlal. PlC3l3l }uQCS OC 23H3HClI3, 3IC,
ClC}II y CSIH3C3 nC2CI3OCS. ASl CCnC CI OC lCnCI3CH3 y
23H3HClI3. T3nOICH ICS }uQCS OC CSIH3C3, ICn3ICS y 3}C
CluOC.
Anemla. SC uCOC CCnO3IIl CCH }uQCS OC lCnCI3CH3, OC
ICCHuQ3, CCI y CSIH3C3.
EStrenlmlentoS. SC 3nIHCl3H 3I IHCClCl3l 3 I3 OICI3 CS-
IH3C3, 23H3HClI3, C3I3O323.
HemorroldeS. SC 3IIvI3 CCH }uQCS OC 23H3HClI3 y CSIH3C3
nC2CI3OCS, }uQCS OC 3IC, OC H3OCS, OCllC y ClC}II.
keumatlSmo. SC uCOC CCnO3IIl CCH }uQCS OC 23H3HC-
lI3, lCnCI3CH3 y CIHC nC2CI3OCS, }uQC OC IInCH, CSI-
H3C3, ClC}II, CCI y ICn3IC.
Alergla. EH QCHCl3I SC uCOCH 3IIvI3l Cu3HOC SC CCHSu-
nCH }uQCS OC 23H3HClI3 y CIHC.
PerSonaS aSmtlcaS. SC ICS lCCCnICHO3H ICS }uQCS OC
23H3HClI3S y l3O3HC nC2CI3OCS, }uQC OC 3IC, CI 3}C Clu-
OC, H3OCS y CSIH3C3.
0rlpeS. SC 3IIvI3H CCH }uQCS OC 23H3HClI3, 3IC, ClC}II y
CSIH3C3S nC2CI3OCS. T3nOICH SC lCCCnICHO3H ICS }uQCS
OC ICCHuQ3, OC 23H3HClI3 y l3O3HC nC2CI3OCS y CI ulC OC
IInCH.
0beSldad. SC uCOC CCnO3IIl lC3l3HOC }uQCS OC 23H3-
HClI3, lCnCI3CH3 y CIHC nC2CI3OCS. L3 CCI y CSIH3C3
3l3 CCHSunC CH CHS3I3O3S.
'#
lndlce
LA A0klCULTUkA Uk8ANA Y PEklUk8ANA............. 3
PkL000............................................................... 5
EL DE5Akk0LL0 DEL Pk00kAMA DE A0klCULTUkA
Uk8ANA Y PEklUk8ANA C0M0 E5TkATE0lA
PAkA ATACAk Pk08LEMA5 CkNlC05 DE LA5
ClUDADE5 ......................................................... 7
LA A0klCULTUkA Uk8ANA Y PEkl Uk8ANA E5 UN
EJEMPL0 DE TkA8AJ0 C0LECTlV0 PAkA DAk
5E0UklDAD ALlMENTAklA ............................... 10
lNTk0DUCClN .................................................... 13
ELEMENT05 8A5lC05 ........................................... 15
PAkA LA C0N5TkUCClN DE 0k0AN0PNlC05 Y EL
F0MENT0 DE L05 HUEkT05 lNTEN5lV05. ........ 15
5U5TkAT05. CAkACTEk5TlCA5 Y C0N5EkVACl0N DE
LA FEkTlLlDAD. ............................................... 20
CAkACTEk5TlCA5 PklNClPALE5 DE UN 5U5TkAT0
ACTlV0 ........................................................... 21
CULTlV05 Y VAklEDADE5 APk0PlAD05 PAkA
0k0AN0PNlC05 Y HUEkT05 lNTEN5lV05 ...... 31
5ANlDAD VE0ETAL .............................................. 56
M0MENT0 PTlM0 DE C05ECHA.......................... 71
P05C05ECHA....................................................... 74
Pk0DUCClN DE FEkTlLlZANTE5 0k0ANlC05 ....... 77
L0M8klCULTUkA ................................................. 85
C0N5lDEkACl0NE5 PAkA UNA ALlMENTAClN
8ALANCEADA.................................................. 92