Professional Documents
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ABSOLUTE PRESSURE
ABSOLUTE TEMPERATURE
ACCELERATOR
ACCUMULATOR
ACETYLENE C2H2
ADDITIVE
ADIP TREATING
ADSORPTION PROCESS
AEROMETER
AGGREGATE
AIR-BLOWN ASPHALT
ALCOHOLS
ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBONS
ALKALI
ALKALI TEST
ALKALINE
ALKALINITY
ALLOY
AMINE
AMMONIA NH3
ANAEROBIC
Free of water.
ANILINE POINT
ANNEALING
ANTIFOAM AGENT
ANTI-KNOCK
ANTI-KNOCK AGENT
ANTI-STATIC ADDITIVE
API GRAVITY
141.5
AROMATICS
ASH
ASH CONTENT
ASPHALT
ASPHALTENES
ASPHALTIC BITUMEN
ASPIRATOR
ASTM DISTILLATION
ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE
ATOM
AVIATION GASOLINE
AVTUR
BACK PRESSURE
BAFFLE
BALANCED DRAUGHT
BAROMETRIC CONDENSER
BAROMETRIC LEG
Water filled tube for sealing vacuum systems. (See also Liquid
Seal).
BARREL
BATCH
BATCH PROCESS
BATTERY
BATTERY LIMITS
BEARING
BENZENE C6H6
BIODEGRADATION
BIOTREATER
BITUMEN
BLACK PRODUCTS
BLEEDING
BLEND
BLENDING
BLENDING STOCK
BLOCKED OPERATION
BLOWBACK
BLOWDOWN
BLOWER
BLUE SMOKE
BOMB
BOND
BOOSTER STATION
BOTTLED GAS
BOTTOMS
BOX-IN
BOX-UP
BREAKER POINT
BREATHING
BUFFER
BUNKER FUEL
Any fuel oil or diesel fuel taken into the bunkers of ships.
BURNING OIL
BUTANE C4H10
BUTANE DE-ASPHALTING
BYPRODUCT
C1,C2,C3,C4,C5
CALIBRATION
CALORIE
CALORIFIC VALUE
CANDLEPOWER
CAPILLARITY
CARBON
CARBON DEPOSIT
CARBON DIOXIDE
CARBON MONOXIDE
CARBURETTOR
CARRYOVER
CASCADE TRAY
CATALYSIS
CATALYST POISON
CATALYTIC PROCESS
CATALYTIC REFORMING
CATHODIC PROTECTION
CAUSTIC SODA
CENTIPOISE, CENTISTOKES
CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR
CENTRIFUGAL PUMP
CENTRIFUGE
CERAMIC BALLS
CETANE NUMBER
CFR ENGINE
CHANNELING
CHARACTERISATION
CHAR VALUE
CHLORINATION
CLAUS PROCESS
CLEAR GASOLINE
CLOUD POINT
COALESCER
COEFFICIENT OF EXPANSION
COKE
COKE DRUM
COLORIMETER
COMBUSTION
COMBUSTION CHAMBER
The space in which the process of burning takes place e.g. in a jet
engine.
COMPATABILITY
COMPOUND
COMPRESSION IGNITION
COMPRESSION RATIO
COMPRESSOR
CONDENSATE
CONDENSATION (PHYSICAL)
The transfer of a material from the vapour phase into the liquid
phase, for example by the withdrawal of heat.
CONDENSER
A special type of heat exchanger for the removal of heat from e.g.
the top of a fractionating column.
CONDENSER BOX
CONTINUOUS DISTILLATION
CONTROL LOOP
CONTROLLER
CONVECTION
CONVECTION SECTION
CONVENTIONAL PRODUCTS
CONVERSION PROCESSES
COOLER
COOLING TOWER
CORROSION
COUNTERCURRENT FLOW
CRACKING
CRITICAL PRESSURE
CRITICAL TEMPERATURE
CRITICAL VELOCITY
CRUDE NAPHTHA
CRUDE WAX
CRYSTALISATION
CURRENT RATE
Current Assets
Current Liabilities
CUT
CUT POINT
CYCLISATION
CYCLONE SEPARATOR
DAMPER
DEACTIVATION
DEADWEIGHT
The amount of cargo, stores and fuel which a vessel carries when
loaded to the appropriate draught allowed by law. The difference
between deadweight and displacement is the actual weight of the
vessel.
DEARATOR
Device for the steam stripping of 02 and other gases from boiler
feed water.
DECOMPOSITION
DEFERRED TAXATION
DEHYDRATION
DEHYDROCYCLISATION
DEHYDROGENATION
DEIONIZED WATER
Water that has had all the free ions removed by ion-exchange, also
called demineralised water.
DEISOLATION
DEMISTER
DEMULSIFIER
DEMURRAGE
DEOXYGENATION
DESALTING
DESUPERHEATER
DETERGENCY
DETERGENT OIL
DEWAXING
DIESEL ENGINE
DIESEL FUEL
DIESEL INDEX
DIFLUOROETHANE
DIPPING
DISTILLATE
DISTILLATION (fractional)
DISTILLATION CURVE
DISTRIBUTOR (LIQUID/GAS)
DISULPHIDE
DIVIDEND YIELD
DOCTOR TREATMENT
DOWNCOMER
DOWNSTREAM
Towards the later end of the process e.g. final blending, product
tankage. In the business sense - Marketing of finished products,
filling stations etc.
DRAW OFF
DRY GAS
ECONOMISER
EJECTOR
ELASTOMER
ELECTROLYSIS
EMULSION
END POINT
ENDOTHERMIC
ENGINE OIL
A term applied to oils used for the bearing lubrication of all types
of engines, machines, and shafting, and for cylinder lubrication in
other than steam engines.
EROSION
ETHANE C2H6
ETHENE
EVACUATION
EVAPORATION
EVAPORATOR
A vessel which receives the hot discharge from a heating coil, and
by a reduction in pressure, flashes off overhead the light products
and allows the heavy residue to collect in the bottom.
EX SITU REGEN
EXOTHERMIC
EXPANSION JOINT
EXTRACT
EXTRACTION
EXTRACTION DEPTH
EXTRACTOR
EXTRAORDINARY ITEMS
FATIGUE
High vacuum unit to split a long residue into a short residue and
waxy distillate fraction with a low metal content; the latter
fraction is used as Hydrocracker feed.
FEEDSTOCK
FILTER
FILTRATE
The liquid which has passed through a filter; the product from a
filtration process.
FIN FAN
FIRE WALL
FIXED-BED OPERATION
FLAME ARRESTOR
FLAMMABLE
FLASH
FLASH DISTILLATION
FLASH POINT
FLOATING HEAD
FLOATING ROOF
A special tank roof which floats upon the oil. Applied to do away
with the vapour space in storage tanks and thus reduce losses by
breathing and hazards of explosions.
FLOODING
FLUE GAS
Gas from the combustion of fuel, the heating effect of which has
been substantially spent and which is, therefore, discarded to the
flue or stack. Its constituents are principally CO2, CO, 02, N2 and
H20.
FLUID
FOAM
FOAMING
FORCED DRAUGHT
FRACTION
FRACTIONAL CONDENSATION
FRACTIONATING COLUMN
FRACTIONATION
FREE WATER
FREEZE POINT
FREEZING POINT
FRESH GAS
FRICTION
FUEL CELL
FUEL GAS
FUEL OIL
FURNACE
FURNACE PASS
GAP
GAS HOLDER
GAS OIL
GAS/OIL RATIO
GASOLINE
GAS TURBINE
GATHERING STATION
GEAR OIL
GLAND
GOVERNOR
GRAVITOMETER
GRID TRAYS
GUM
HEADER
HEAT CAPACITY
HEAT EXCHANGER
HEAT OF COMBUSTION
HEATER
HI-FI TRAYS
A unit for the production of vacuum gas oil and waxy distillate
from long residue, by means of distillation at very low pressures,
i.e. high vacuum.
HORSEPOWER
HORTON SPHERE
HOT OIL
Any oil used for the transfer of heat, as in the 700 Unit.
HOT SPOT
HUMIDITY
HYDRATE
HYDRATION
HYDRAULIC FLUIDS
HYDROCARBON
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
HYDROCRACKING
HYDRODEALKYLATION
HYDRODESULPHURIZATION
HYDROGEN
HYDROGEN BLISTERING
HYDROGEN SULPHIDE
HYDROGENATION
HYDROLYSIS
HYDROMETER
HYDROSTATIC TEST
HYDROTREATING
IGNITION POINT
IGNITION QUALITY
IMMISCIBLE
Not capable of mixing; tending to form two layers, e.g. oil and
water.
INCOMPATIBLE
INDIGENOUS FEEDSTOCK
INDUCED DRAUGHT
INERT ENTRY
INERT GAS
INERT FILLER
INFLAMMABLE
INHIBITOR
INJECTOR
IN-LINE BLENDING
INORGANIC
INSITU REGEN
INSTITUTE OF PETROLEUM
INTERCEPTOR
INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE
ISOLATE
1. To electrically disconnect.
ISOMER
ISOMERISATION
ISOTOPE
JET FUEL
Fuel meeting the required properties for use in jet engines and
aircraft turbine engines. It is subject to intense testing and quality
control as laid down in DERD and AFQRJOS documents
internationally.
KELVIN
The unit used as the Absolute temperature scale, i.e. zero Kelvin is
absolute zero, 273K is 0oC. The Kelvin degree has the same
dimensions as the Celsius degree. The o symbol is not used on the
Kelvin scale.
KEROSENE
KETTLE REBOILER
KNOCK
LATENT HEAT
LEAD
LEAD SUSCEPTIBILITY
LEADED GASOLINE
LIQUID PHASE
LIQUID SEAL
LITRE
LIVE STEAM
LOAD-ON-TOP SYSTEM
LOADING RACK
LOGIC
LONG RESIDUE
LUBOIL
Lubricating oil
LUBRICANT
LUBRICATION
MANIFOLD
MANOMETER
MASS SPECTROMETER
MELTING POINT
METHANATOR
METHANE CH4
METHANE SERIES
METHANOL
METHYL CHLOROFORM
METRIC SYSTEM
MINERAL OIL
MINIMUM STOP
MISCIBLE
MIXER
MIXING VALVE
MIXTURE
MOLE PERCENT
MOLECULAR WEIGHT
MOLECULE
MOTORISED VALVE
MULTIGRADE OIL
MULTISTAGE PUMP
NAPHTHA
NAPHTHENE
NAPHTHENIC ACID
NAPHTHENIC CRUDE
NATURAL DRAUGHT
NATURAL GAS
NATURAL GASOLINE
Shareholders' Investment
Number of shares
Income from all sources less operating costs, depreciation and tax.
NEUTRAL
NEUTRON
NITROGEN
NITROGEN BASE
NORMALISE
OCTANE
OIL RING
OIL SHALE
OLEFINS
ONCE-THROUGH
An adjective describing:
ON STREAM
ORGANIC
ORIFICE METER
OSMOSIS
OUTPUT
OVERHEADS
OVERLAP
OXIDATION
OXIDIZING FLAME
PACKED TOWER
PACKING
PARAFFIN-BASE CRUDE
PARAFFINS
PARAFFIN WAX
PARTIAL CONDENSER
PARTIAL PRESSURE
PERMIT TO WORK
A permit raised for any job that is carried out in the “restricted
area”
PETROL
PETROLEUM
PETROLEUM NAPHTHA
PETROLEUM SPIRITS
PHENOL
PHOSPHATE
pH VALUE
PIG
PILOT PLANT
PIPELINE
PISTON
PISTON RING
PITTING
PLATFORMING
POLYELECTROLYTE
POLYMER
PREHEAT
PREHEATER
PRESSURE
PRESSURE DROP
PRESULPHIDE
PRIMARY
PRIMARY AIR
PRIMARY PROCESS
PRIME MOVER
PROCESS INTEGRATION
PROMOTER
PROPANE C3H8
PROPYLENE C3H6
PUKING
The foaming and rising of oil to the extent that part of the liquid is
driven out of the vessel through the vapour line. (See also
SURGE).
PURGING
PYROPHORIC
QUENCH
QUENCHING OILS
RADIANT ENERGY
RADIANT SECTION
RADIATION
RADICAL
REACTION
REACTION TIME
REACTOR
REBOILER
RECIPROCATING COMPRESSOR
RECIPROCATING PUMP
RECYCLE GAS
Gas fed back from a later stage of process (usually from the
separators) to the early stage. Usually impure and heavy.
RECYCLE OIL
RECYCLE RATIO
RECYCLING
REDUCTION
The gross refiners margin less fixed and variable cost of refining.
REFINERY
The difference in intake and output due to the amount used as fuel
and lost through tank breathing etc.
REFINING
The separation of crude oil into its component parts, and the
manufacture therefrom of products needed for the market.
Important processes in refining are distillation, cracking, chemical
treating, and solvent extraction.
REFLUX
A part (if the top product is in the liquid state) or all (if the top
product is the vapour phase) of the condensed top vapour of a
fractionating column, which is returned to the top of the column.
The purpose is to create an extra downward flow of liquid; if
properly applied this liquid acts as an absorbing agent for the
relatively heavy components which are thus rejected from the top
product.
REFLUX CONDENSER
REFLUX RATIO
REFORMING
REFRACTORY
REFRACTORY BRICK
REGENERATION
REGENERATOR
RELIEF VALVE
RERUNNING
RESIDUE
RESIN
RETAINED EARNINGS
RICH ADIP
RING COMPOUNDS
RISER
ROCKET FUEL
ROTAMETER
ROTARY PUMP
RUNDOWN TANK
One of the tanks in which are received the condensates from the
stills, agitators, or other refinery equipment, and from which the
distillates are pumped to larger tanks known as work tanks or
storage tanks. Rundown tanks are also known as "pans" or
receiving tanks. If the condensates were received directly into the
large storage tanks, possible puking of a still could unnecessarily
contaminate a large quantity of distillate.
SAE CLASSIFICATION
The SAE devised a system for the classification of motor oils and
transmission oils. It is based on the viscosity at 0 or 100oC. Motor
oils are on the scale 5W - 50 and transmission oils are 80-250.
SAFEGUARDING
SALT
3. By double decomposition.
SAMPLE
SATURATED HYDROCARBON
SATURATION TEMPERATURE
SCHEDULING
SEAL
SECONDARY AIR
The air which provides the oxygen necessary for the complete
combustion of fuel (gas, oil, powdered coal, etc.) and which was
not provided by the burner in the form of primary air.
SECONDARY PROCESS
SEIZE
SENSIBLE HEAT
SEPARATOR
SEPARATION INDEX
SEPARATION PROCESSES
SETTLER
SETTLING POINT
SETTLING TANK
A tank employed for separating two liquids which are not miscible.
If the liquids do not form an emulsion they separate into layers
according to their specific gravities, and these layers can be drawn
off from different levels in the tank.
SHIFT REACTION
SHORT RESIDUE
SIDE STRIPPER
SIDESTREAM
SIGHT GLASS
SILVER STRIP
SLIDE VALVE
SLOPS
SOLAR ENERGY
SOLUBLE OIL
SOLUTION
SOLVENT
SOLVENT EXTRACTION
See Extraction.
SOLVENT/FEED RATIO
SOOTBLOWER
SOUR CRUDE
SOUR GAS
SOUR GASOLINE
SOUR WATER
SPACE VELOCITY
SPADE
SPALLING
SPECIFIC GRAVITY
SPECIFIC HEAT
SPECTACLE
SPLITTER
STABILISATION
STABILISED GASOLINE
STABILITY
STABILISER
STANDARD PRESSURE
STAND-BY
STATIC ELECTRICITY
STEAM/AIR DECOKING
STEAM DISTILLATION
STEAM REFORMING
STEEL
A solid state mixture of iron and 1-4% carbon. Can have different
structures e.g.
STONEWALL
STRAIGHT-RUN
STRAINER
STRAPPING
STREAM DAY
STRIPPING
STUFFING BOX
A device affording the passage and the length wise and rotary
motion of a piston rod, shaft, or some similar moving piece while
maintaining a fluid-tight seal about the moving part.
SULFOLANE
SULPHATE
SULPHIDE
SULPHUR
SULPHUR DIOXIDE
SULPHURIC ACID
SUPERHEATER
SURFACE AREA
The sum of the outer and inner surfaces. A porous solid may be
said to have two different types of area - one made up of the
external, the geometric, or the outer surface of the particle; the
other, called the inner, made up of the walls of capillaries,
crevices, and cracks in the particle. The sum of these is the total
surface area. The ratio of total to outer area is sometimes known
as the roughness factor.
SURFACE TENSION
SURGE
SURGE DRUM
Vessel used to even out the flow into a unit, as the unit throughput
and the feed rate may vary. See also buffer.
SUSPENSION
SWEETENING
SYNTHESIS