Hc PhD M TS. V Th Dng Phn thng hay n lc? C th ni Du hc l phn thng cho cc n lc.

. Cu vn c hai v cn bng: phn thng v n lc. Trc khi i du hc hu ht chng ta u ch n v u tin: phn thng. V th hai - nhng n lc thng b m i trc nhng ho hc v k vng ln. Th nhng ngay t khi bc ln my bay ri xa qu hng n sut qu trnh sng v hc tp nc ngoi, trt t ca hai v trn i ch: n lc l ci hin thc, hng ngy, lin tc khng ngh, cn phn thng th bt lung linh hn trc nhng n lc qu ln. C l khng t cc du hc sinh, c bit l du hc sinh PhD (tin s) thng t hi Hc tin s lm g? C ng khng? hay c ngi chp ming ng l khng c ci di no ging ci di no. Qu vy, khc vi cc du hc sinh bc i hc/ cao hc, cc nghin cu sinh thng l nhng ngi c nhiu nm i hc, i lm, c nhiu cc rng buc v gia nh, x hi. Do vy chi ph c hi cho 4-6 nm n sch ni x ngi, xa l t ngn ng, n vn ha, khng ngi thn, bn b, thc s rt ln. Chi ph vy, m phn thng i khi cng m h. Hc xong v nc th lm g? ng gp th no? Cu hi rt ln. Ni nh vy khng c lm nn ch cc bn ang chun b du hc m ch cho cc la chn c nhiu thng tin hn, v khi quyt nh th quyt nh l chn chn. Hc PhD M By gi ni n cc gi tr ca vic hc PhD. Mt iu khng c g phi bn ci l qu trnh hc ny mang li cho mi c nhn rt nhiu li ch. N cung cp mt lng kin thc chuyn mn ln, phng php nghin cu khoa hc chuyn ngnh mt cch hin i v bi bn. N to ra nhng nh nghin cu c kh nng thc hin cc nghin cu mi, sng to (ch original research trong ting Anh hi kh chuyn ng) vi mc tiu ng gp cho s gia tng ca tri thc nhn loi trong qu trnh gii quyt cc bi ton ca thc tin v khoa hc. Bn cnh kin thc chuyn mn, cc du hc sinh cn hc c rt nhiu t vn ha v cuc sng hng ngy trn t bn. Yu cu tin quyt c chp nhn vo cc chng trnh PhD ti M l TOEFL v GRE/ GMAT. im cng cao cng c nhiu li th, cng c nhiu c hi xin cc hc bng dng tr l nghin cu hay ging dy (TA, RA loi hc bng ph bin cho nghin cu sinh). Bng Master (thc s) khng bt buc mt s trng, tuy nhin ph bin cc trng yu cu phi c Master trc khi hc PhD nu khng phi b sung mt s mn hc. Ting Anh c l l ro cn ln nht cho mi du hc sinh. c bit l nghin cu sinh v lc ny yu cu v tnh cht cnh tranh khng b hp trong mt chng trnh hc m m ra phm vi th gii trong c chuyn ngnh ca mnh. im TOEFL d cao (trn 600, thm ch 650) th cng ch l im khi u. Mt khc, ting Anh hc thut v ting Anh cuc sng li cng c khong cch kh ln. Nn chun b ting Anh cng tt trc khi du hc s thun li v thch nghi nhanh hn. Mt chng trnh PhD ca M thng bao gm 2 giai on chnh: 2-3 nm u hc cc chuyn (course work) v 2-4 nm sau lm lun n. Khc vi mt s trng ca h thng Anh v Uc, khi ng k hc PhD sinh vin phi c cng nghin cu, h thng ca M khng t nng yu cu ny. Quan im ca h cho rng d c bng Master th v mt nghin cu sinh vin vn hon ton mi m v do vy cn t nht 2 nm c, nghin cu v chuyn ngnh ca

mnh trc khi c th t mnh tin hnh nghin cu c lp. Giai on hc cc chuyn ht sc vt v v yu cu rt cao v phi lm vic ht sc c lp i khi kh c n. Khc vi hc i hc hay master m hc nhm l ph bin, hc tin s ch yu t mnh nghin cu lnh vc m mnh quan tm. Mt khc mt chng trnh tin s cng khng nhiu sinh vin, ch vi ngi v li ri rng trong qu trnh hc kh nhiu. Chng hn khi ti vo nm 1 th chng trnh Marketing c 4 sinh vin, nhng n nm 2 v 3 th ch cn li 2 ngi. Giai on 1 ny l giai on ht sc quan trng, n cung cp rt nhiu kin thc v k nng. N cho sinh vin c hi tip cn vi rt nhiu khi kin thc, trng phi khc nhau trong chuyn ngnh sau mi bit mnh thch g v mun nghin cu g. Trong mi chuyn (seminar), mi sinh vin phi c, nhn xt, phn bin hng trm bi bo chuyn mn, tranh lun trn lp, thc hin cc nghin cu c lp v vit cc bi bo (academic papers) m yu cu cht lng phi c th c chp nhn cc hi tho hay tp ch khoa hc v y cng chnh l phng php nh gi mt nh nghin cu ca M v th gii. Sau khi kt thc giai on 1, chuyn sang giai on 2, sinh vin phi d mt k thi ni nm na l thi ht nhng g hc (Comprehensive examination). Mi k thi gm 2 phn, vit v vn p. Ch khi t k thi vit mi chuyn sang k thi vn p. Ty tng trng, nhng ni chung k thi ny lun c t chc nghim tc v yu cu cao m bo sinh vin c kin thc bc sang giai on lm lun vn. Chng hn chng trnh ti hc th thi rt vt v, n thc t gm n 3 phn. Phn 1 l thi cc kin thc v thng mi quc t gm c 3 bi thi trong 3 ngy, mi bi 3 ting. Kt thc phn thi ny th n phn thi chuyn ngnh hp gm 2 bi thi trong hai ngy, mi bi t 3-4 ting. Sau khi c kt qu t hai phn thi ny th chuyn qua thi vn p vi hi ng l tt c cc gio s trong b mn chng hn 1 ting. Sinh vin thi rt c th thi li 1 ln na, nu vn khng vt qua th ng nhin b loi khi chng trnh. Vt qua k thi ny, cc sinh vin c quyn hnh thnh hi ng hng dn gm ti thiu 3 gio s, trong c 1 gio s khng thuc b mn m sinh vin hc. Giai on ny l giai on nghin cu c lp, sinh vin t ln k hoch v nhn s hng dn ca cc gio s. Tuyn dng cc PhD giai on lm lun vn sinh vin c th bt u tm vic lm thng l cc v tr trong trng i hc hay vin nghin cu. Qu trnh tuyn dng cng rt khoa hc. Cc trng v vin thng t chc phng vn ti cc hi tho khoa hc ca tng chuyn ngnh. Cc sinh vin cha hoc mi tt nghip s va tham d hi tho va tham d phng vn tm vic. Cc trng sau s chn mt s t ng vin ph hp v mi n trng tham quan (gi l job talk). Cc trng s lo chi ph i li, n (thng 2-3 ngy). Trong nhng ngy ny ng vin s c nhng bui trnh by (presentation) cho hi ng tuyn dng v sinh vin, h cng s tip xc v c phng vn bi hu ht cc nhn s trong trng nh trng khoa, ph khoa, gio s cc b mn, sinh vin (PhD hay Master)Bn cnh danh ting ca trng v chng trnh m ng vin theo hc, th thnh tch khoa hc th hin qua nhng bi bo ang thc hin hay cng b l c s chnh cc trng chn la. im s trong qu trnh hc PhD khng phi l vn quan trng min l vt qua 3.2 hoc 3.5/4 ty theo yu cu ca mi trng. Cc trng ca M thng khng gi sinh vin li lm vic sau khi tt nghip m nhn nhng PhD t cc trng khc. y cng l mt cch tip cn kh hay thay i v lm mi khng kh hc thut ca cc trng. Phi khng nh rng h thng t o to, n nh gi, v tuyn dng sau o to ca M c t chc ht sc khoa hc v mang tnh cnh tranh rt cao. Vic s dng cc bi bo khoa hc c cng b lm tiu ch quan trng nht trong tuyn dng l mt vic lm rt c ngha v y l thang o khch quan nht v cng chnh l c ch chng sao chp hiu qu nht. Nhng sn

phm sao chp s khng th lt qua c cc vng thm nh ca cc chuyn gia phn bin trc khi cho cng b v d c lt qua vng ny th khng th lot qua c mt cng ng nghin cu sau khi c cng b. Vi c ch ny khng ai dm nh i s nghip khoa hc ca mnh cho hnh vi thiu trung thc trong khoa hc. Hng nm cc hip hi chuyn ngnh u cng b nhng thng k v s lng PhD tt nghip trong nm, v tr m h nhn c sau khi tt nghip, yu cu tuyn dng ca tng nhm trng, s bi bo trung bnh mt ng vin thnh cng c i vi tng nhm trng khc nhau (trng cng, trng t, trng nghin cu, trng ging dy..), thu nhp trung bnh y chnh l cc ngun thng tin quan trng cc sinh vin ang hc phn u. Vi suy ngh v o to PhD ti Vit Nam Trnh ngoi ng c bit l ting Anh cn phi c c bit u t khi bc vo cc chng trnh PhD. Nu khng c ngoi ng th gn nh khng th thc hin c cc nghin cu mi v khng bit c bn b bn ngoi lm g, cn thiu g v mnh nn lm g. Ting Anh khng ch cn thit tip cn cc ngun ti liu khoa hc m cn l phng tin trao i kin thc thng qua vit bo khoa hc v tham d cc hi tho khoa hc quc t. im th hai l cn ci thin cht lng v tng trng s cho cc chuyn ang ging dy trong cc chng trnh PhD trong nc v y l giai on chun b ht sc quan trng cho qu trnh nghin cu sau ny. im cui cng l bc hc ny ng ngha l bc hc cao nht th cn u t nhiu cho n. Khng th c trch cc thy c v nghin cu sinh khng lm tt nhim v khi h khng c c cc trang thit b ti thiu nh internet, th vin in t, phng th nghim thc hin cc nghin cu ca mnh.