Khm ph th v v b iu khin logic kh trnh PLC

Nh cc bn bit, gn y xut hin nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v cc b iu khin trong cng nghip, m tiu biu nht phi ni n l s so snh gia PLC v PAC .

Dick John, mt nh bin tp thuc Control Engineering thc hin mt kho st v xu hng s dng cc b iu khin trong cng nghip. Theo mt s kin ca nhng ngi tham gia kho st th phn mm lp trnh l b vi phn quan trng hn cc c im phn cng, h cng ang tm kim nhng gii php kt ni mng mi. Theo iu tra nm nay ca Control Engineering, cc nh cung cp khng ngng a ra thm nhiu minh chng ti khng nh rng k s iu khin c th thc hin cng vic n gin v hiu qu. Trong mt iu tra gn y nht, vi s hp tc cng Reed Research, 548 ngi c hi chng minh rng PLC hin i p ng c yu cu ca h. Trong , 57% s dng PLC cho cc yu cu trong nh my v 22% s dng bn li. 21% cn li mua chng phc v c hai mc ch trn. Cc loi PLC s dng cho cc ng dng ny c s I/O rt khc nhau v s lng cc im I/O m chng iu khin. Chng loi a dng ch ra rng k s iu khin hu ht ang s dng PLC loi nh, c th iu khin t 15 n 128 im I/O, chim n 38,7% s lng PLC. PLC c va, iu khin t 128 n 512 im I/O, chim 32,7%, v PLC c ln hn c th thc hin ti trn 512 im I/O, chim ti 18,4%. c s dng t nht l PLC loi nano, iu khin di 15 im I/O, chim khong 10,4%. Ni chung, PLC thc hin iu khin t 15 n 512 im I/O chim khong gn cc thit b c bn ra. Cn vi PAC, bc pht trin ca PLC, chng ta s khm ph ng dng ca n. Trong bi nghin cu nm ngoi, 44% ngi s dng ang xem xt s dng PC bn vng thay cho mt PLC. Thm ch vi cc tnh nng tin tin ca PAC, con s cc k s iu khin a ra xem xt s dng gim xung n 31%. Tng t nh vy, k s iu khin ang a ra xem xt liu c th s dng PAC trong cc ng dng mi hay nng cp. Nhng ngi tr li phng vn cho

bit rng h s s dng PAC trong tng lai, hu ht (75%) cho bit h s dng b sung cho PLC ca h. S cn li cho bit h s s dng chng thay th PLC .

La chn kt ni mng
ng dng quan trng ca PLC xuyn sut ngnh t ng ha. ng nh mong i, ng dng trong iu khin my mc vn ph bin hn c (82%). Theo sau ln lt l: iu khin qu trnh (74%), iu khin chuyn ng (55%), iu khin m (31%), cc ng dng chn on (25%). ng dng an ton ca PLC ch chim 1% (thp nht). Cc phng php tng tc vi h thng iu khin khc l yu t quan trng i vi s linh hot ca PLC hin i. Theo nhng ngi c hi, tng tc vi mng ca h l ng dng c bn khi s dng PLC (69%), vi 31% c s dng nh nhng thit b c lp. Trong nhng thit b c s dng trong mng, hu ht c s dng vi my tnh c nhn hoc PAC, ngang bng vi s lng c kt ni vi cc PLC khc. S lng nh nht, hn khong 5% so vi cc b phn ni mng khc, c kt ni vi cc h thng iu khin phn tn. Cc Protocol kt ni mng PLC cng em li linh hot khng gii hn cho k s iu khin. Mc d c cc thi quen s dng r rng nh Ethernet, Serial RS-232/RS-485, v 4-20 mA, danh sch cc protocol ni mng c s dng cn di. Sau y l mt s cc th d tiu biu: DeviceNet Allen-Bradley Remote I/O Modbus ControlNet Wireless protocol Profibus HART. Ngn ng lp trnh PLC cng c s dng linh hot, nghin cu cng ch ra nhng xu hng r rng trong la chn. Cc phng php lp trnh ladder diagram (96%) v function block (50%) ng u danh sch ny. Chng cn gi v tr nh nm 2005 (xem biu ). R rng, lp trnh ladder diagram s kh m b nh bt khi v tr c tn, bn cnh vic ngn ng lp trnh function block c nhng bc tin vt bc trong mt vi nm gn y. Structured text cng c bc tin nhy vt khi chuyn t v tr th 6 nm 2005 vi 13% ln v tr th 3 nm 2007 vi 24%. Lp trnh C l k tht bi nng nn nht, gim t v tr th 4 nm 2005 xung cn th 6 nm nay. Lp trnh instruction list cng khng kh hn khi ri t v tr th 5 xung v tr th 7 trong cng giai on ny.

Qu trnh la chn PLC khng bao gi l mt nhim v d dng. Tuy nhin, c rt nhiu c im rt quan trng khi xc nh, gii thiu v mua 1 PLC. Theo nhng ngi tr li trong survey ny, h tr truyn thng xp v tr u tin. Tnh nng PID, thi gian qut nhanh, ton b tnh nng b nh, kh nng h tr chuyn ng, b nh c th di chuyn, v cc tnh nng khng dy. Liu k s iu khin c ngh rng h ang c c nhng g m mnh mong mun t nh cung cp PLC? Nhng khch hng cm thy tha mn chim n 95% nhng ngi tr li, ch cn 5% ku ca phn nn. Hai nh gi rt n gin t nhiu ngi tr loi cho survey tng kt cm nhn ca h v qu trnh la chn PLC. Vi k s u ngnh, tiu chun ha v khng mua thm nhng PLC phc tp hn cn thit l nhng tiu ch quan trng trong qu trnh la chn.

Khi mua PLC, bn cn cn nhc iu g?

Mc d c n 53% s lng ngi tr li cho rng vic mua PLC s duy tr trong nm ti, th trng dng nh vn cn nhn nhp. Vic mua sm hng cng nghip vn duy tr mnh m v 38% s ngi tham gia survey d on rng vic mau bn PLC s tng ln trong tng lai (trn 12 thng ti). V c im no c cho l s quy nh vic mua sm trong tng lai? c im sau y l nhng tnh nng rt quan trng c sp xp theo trt t gim dn: Phn mm lp trnh a nng s dng cho nhiu nn tng phn cng PLC vi nhiu h thng ph I/O t xa PLC vi modul I/O tch hp PLC I/O ni mng vi PC X l v I/O d phng Vi PLC PLC Web bao gm cng c khai bo e-mail/phone v cnh bo PLC vi x l PC PLC nano iu khin PC mnh m vi phn mm logic linh hot Cng c ci t. Khng nn tm kim phn cng c chi ph thp; bi vic o to li v phn mm lp trnh s rt tn km. Ly hai nh cung cp v so snh l mt hnh thc tr li ph bin.

Mt k s iu khin khc th cho rng, l phn mm lp trnh. S khc nhau gia cc nh cung cp v kh nng s dng ca phn mm lp trnh l b vi phn ln hn so vi cc c im phn cng. Cui cng, mt s ngi tham gia rt ra kt lun, Ngn ng lp trnh tiu chun thc s l mt yu t cc k quan trng. Nh cc bn bit, gn y xut hin nhiu cng trnh nghin cu v cc b iu khin trong cng nghip, m tiu biu nht phi ni n l s so snh gia PLC v PAC. l ch thu ht nhiu nh nghin cu, nhiu t chc truyn thng c lin quan ti lnh vc ny tham gia tm hiu.

PLC
Tr li cho nghin cu, nhng ngi tham gia cng Control Engineering xc nh cc nh cung cp sau l nhng nh cung cp PLC hng u. Sn phm i din ca cc nh cung cp ny cng c cp n. D liu nghin cu c thm cu hi ca ngi s dng, nh gi xc thc, v thm 25 nh cung cp PLC c th c tm thy trc tuyn trong bo co nghin cu, xut hin trung tm ngun ca Control Engineering. G PLC ti a ch www.controleng.com tm thng tin v cc sn phm mi gn y.

Sn phm, nh cung cp
Cc nh cung cp sau cng l nhn t tham gia vo nghin cu sn phm. ABB (Bristol Babcock) Advanced Micro Controls B&R Industrial Automation

Baldor Electric Beckhoff Automation BoschRexroth Control Technology Corp. Eaton (Cutler-Hammer) Emerson Process Management Fuji Electric Hitachi IDEC Keyence Mitsubishi Electronics Moeller Electric National Instruments Omega Engineering Omron Electronics Opto 22 Panasonic Electric Works Phoenix Contact (Entivity) Toshiba Wago Yaskawa Electric Yokogawa

S linh hot, tiu chun ha

i vi nhng nh sn xut my mc mong mun tiu chun ha nn tng iu khin tch hp n lp vi tnh nng a dng, b iu khin Allen-Bradley CompactLogix L45 em li kh nng m rng cp v iu khin chuyn ng tch hp. iu khin n 8 trc truyn ng, L45 l s m rng nn tng iu khin Logix, nn tng mang n kh nng iu khin truyn ng tch hp v phn tn cho cc ng dng yu cu thp hn. Nn tng ny nng cao hiu sut cho ng c iu khin, cng c pht trin, mng v cng ngh giao din ngi vn hnh, cc dch v truyn thng, gip n c tch hp y v c th m rng cp c th s dng trong cc ng dng iu khin ri rc, chuyn ng, m/qu trnh, an ton v truyn ng. a ch truy cp: www.rockwellautomation.com

Nhng modul c phn gii cao

AutomationDirect m rng dng modun DirectLogic t c moun analog c phn gii cao 16-bit thit k cho DL05 v DL06 PLC. Moun u vo hin nay c 8 knh F0-08ADH-1 vn hnh vi phm vi u vo 0-20 mA. F0-08ADH-2 c di u vo nhy cc 0-5 Vdc hoc 0-10 Vdc. Modun u ra dng in F0-04DAH-1 4 knh v F0-08DAH-1 8 knh cung cp di u ra 4-20 mA, trong khi modun u ra F0-04DAH-2 4 knh v F0-08DAH-2 8 knh cung cp di u ra 0-10 Vdc. Gi ca modun F0-08ADH-1 l 129 USD. Bn c th vo a ch www.automationdirect.com c thm thng tin.

Gn, phn b trong hin trng

Simatic ET200pro CPU ca Siemens Energy & Automation. Chng nhn IP-65/67 cho php b iu khin ny c gn vo my, h tr CPU trung tm bng cch a thng tin ti cp hin trng v thc hin trong cc ng dng ra tri hoc trong iu khin mi trng bn vi di nhit rng. N cng c nhiu tnh nng ni mng, trong c kt ni MPI/Profibus-DP v mt kt ni Ethernet vi chuyn mch 3 cng c ci t sn. Bn cnh vic ng vai tr nh mt Profibus-DP ch/t, CPU h tr tiu chun cng nghip Profinet thng qua cng Ethernet ci t sn, gip nng cao tnh nng ca Ethernet nh hot ng nh mt b iu khin I/O thi gian thc. www.usa.siemens.com

PAC c pht trin thm cho dng sn phm PLC

Dng PLC Modicon xut hin u tin vo nm 1968, gi y cung cp PAC Modicon M340, mt nn tng cung cp kh nng truyn thng, chuyn ng, c s d liu, v thao tc bng tay trong nhiu mi trng lp trnh. Dng M340 n gin ha ci t v ng dng bng cch tiu chun ha trn mt cng c lp trnh n: Phn mm pht trin Unity Pro IEC 61131-3. Cung cp n la chn 5 ngn ng IEC, lp trnh ha v h tr trc tuyn tin tin, M340 cng gip thc hin nhanh chng c x l Boolean v tnh ton s thp phn. N c b nh trong 4MB (c th nng cp ti 16MB), d liu 256KB v c th qun l cc ng dng n 70K. Truy cp: www.us.telemecanique.com

iu khin tn t cng bo dng

H thng VersaMax Micro 64 ca GE Fanuc Automation l mt phn trong dng iu khin VersaMax Micro ca cng ty. Micro 64 c thit k nhm gim thiu chi ph bo dng. Modun b nh thn thin c th c kt ni vi b iu khin ti nhng bin i chng trnh m khng cn n 1 PC. Phn mm Proficy Machine Edition Logic Developer PDA cho php ngi s dng tng tc vi mt thit b cm tay Palm gim st/thay i d liu, theo di chn on, v cu hnh ci t my. Micro 64 p ng cc tiu chun ton cu ng thi c h tr trn ton cu vi cc vn phng i din cng nh i l phn phi ca GE Fanuc Automation. Truy cp a ch sau: www.gefanuc.com c thng tin chi tit.

B iu khin Logic nh gn, nhiu tnh nng tin tin

Seri FX3U l th h mi ca b iu khin logic kh trnh SuperMicro c kh nng cung cp tc thc hin hot ng v kt ni ni bt. L tng i vi cc ng dng iu khin my, FX3U c hiu sut cao, b nh ln (cao hn 800 % so vi cc seri trc kia), tch hp chuyn ng nng cao v kt ni mng rng rn. Khng ging nh cc nn tng rack cm c cp ngun, CPU, v cc modun I/O tch bit, PLC nh gn FX3U tch hp tt c cc ph kin vo mt nn tng n. N cng c cc c im nh b nh ln nht v thi gian x l hng dn nhanh nht so vi cc PLC cng cp khc, v ch l PLC nh gn vi Profibus Master v mt card ni mng quang tc cao cho iu khin b khuych i servo. FX3U cng c bus truyn thng tay tri, tay phi, I/O analog, modun u vo v u ra tc cao, thit b nng cao linh hot h thng v tnh nng ca ng dng. Mi thng tin c ti a ch: www.meau.com

Bng iu khin thu nh

B iu khin logic kh trnh KV-300 Series ca Keyence America c s b phn ch bng 1/3 ch i hi s footprint bng so vi cc PLC ca h trc y. Bng iu khin s dng cc b phn ny cng nh hn v khng gian kt ni dy cng gim ng k. Thm ch vi cu hnh I/O ln nht, mt bng iu khin cng khng c trn 13 modun nh gn. Thit k modun c quyn ny cho php cm DIN-rail d dng v thc hin c cu kha ngt kt ni nhanh chng. Khi m rng cu hnh h thng khng i hi c thm rack hay nn tng. My tnh n chy phn mm Ladder Builder c th kt ni vi nhiu CPU chnh sa chng trnh, gim st hot ng hay gim s CPU ng thi kt ni vi mt my tnh khc. Phng php qut nhanh KV iu khin tt c I/O vi thi gian qut nhanh 0,5-ms. Thng tin truy cp: www.keyence.com

I/O gn v xa
Compact FieldPoint l mt b iu khin t ng ha kh trnh d s dng, c kh nng m rng cp cao c cu thnh t modun I/O bn vng v cc giao thc truyn thng thng minh. Ngi s dng c th download ng dng LabView ca National Instruments ca mnh ti b iu khin nhng t c hot ng tin cy, c lp vf kt ni cc cm bin ca h trc tip ti cc modun I/O analog v ri rc c chnh cao. Modun I/O cng nghip ny c th lc, nh c v sp xp tn hiu cm bin dng th n cc b phn k thut v thc hin t chn on tm ra trc trc nh nhit ngu h. Giao din truyn thng mng im hin trng nh gn t ng ghi s liu o vi mt mng Ethernet. Ngi s dng c th truy cp cc im I/O gn hay xa trn mng s dng cng mt khung phn mm c/vit n gin. Truy cp a ch www.ni.com c thng tin chi tit.

B iu khin logic kh trnh nhiu tnh nng

ELC Logic Controller ca Omega Engineering Inc. l P:C tin tin nht trn th trng PLC. ELC kch thc nh gn ny l mt modun cung cp mi yu cu ca ngi s dng vi gi c hp l. N cng cung cp nhiu tnh nng trong c 4 kiu iu khin 1-, 4-, 8-, 16- v ch dn dung lng 32-bit, kt ni t xa, kt ni d dng vi b dn ng v modun I/O, v mt b hin th ci t sn. ELC khng yu cu rack cm l mt thit b c th cm DIN, cho php ngi s dng b sung nhiu module theo mong mun. N cng cung cp s im I/O chnh xc cho cc gii php ng dng. Ngi s dng c th la chn m rng t 4, 8 hoc 16 modun ph hp vi nhu cu PLC. Modun ny thc s ph hp vi mi trng cng nghip hoc sn xut, tng thch CE. Gi ca PLC ny l 93 USD. Mi thng tin c ti a ch www.omega.com

Mnh m, linh hot trong iu khin chuyn ng

MintDrive-II ca Baldor em li linh hot cao nht; tch hp b iu khin v nh v chuyn ngk mnh m, v mt b dn ng servo AC vo mt gi nh gn. MintDrive l mt b nh v trc n c th thc hin nhim v chuyn ng, PLC, v HMI d dng theo ty nh nh pht trin n. Kh nng lp trnh ca phn mm Mint a nhim ca Baldor h tr cc loi chuyn ng nh lp bng, gia cng, ..iu khin tc . Thng tin truy cp: www.baldor.com

B iu khin Snap-PAC-S2

Snap-PAC-S2 l mt b iu khin t ng ha kh trnh c lp v l th h mi nht trong h thng Snap PAC ca nh sn xut ny. Snap-PAC-S2 c 4 cng serial, mi cng ny li c cu hnh cho truyn thng RS-232 hay RS-485 serial, y c xem l nhng c im l tng vi kt ni my mc, thit b, cc h thng I/O v thit b khc vi cc giao din serial. Thch hp trin khai trong bt k kin trc h thng iu khin phn tn ca nh pht trin no, Snap-PAC-S2 c hai giao thc Ethernet 10/100 Mbps cho kt ni ch v I/O qua cc mng Ethernet. Hai giao thc ny c th c s dng phn on I/O v ch hoc thit k cc link Ethernet d phng. N cn c b x l a nhim 32-bit, Ram 32 MB, b nh flash 16 MB v RAM B iu khin ny h tr nhiu protocol truyn thng trong c TCP/IP, SNMP, FTP, Modbus/TCP v OptoMMP, v c kh nng thc hin ng thi 32 chng trnh iu khin. Truy cp a ch www.opto22.com c thm thng tin chi tit.

B iu khin lp trnh Micro

B iu khin kh trnh CP1L ca Omron l mt gii php c th m rng cp , tit kim chi ph cho cng tc t ng ha cc my mc nh vi ch 14 im I/O nhng vi linh hot c th m rng ti 160 im I/O. B iu khin ny c 14, 20, 30, hoc 40 modun I/O c ci t sn. Tt c cc model ny h tr nh v v iu khin chuyn ng vi u vo 4 b m ha tc cao (100 kHz) dng cho cc b m s dng iu khin pha n 2 trc khc nhau hay iu khin pha n 4 trc, hai u ra xung tc cao (100 kHz) dng cho iu khin 2 trc. CP1L s dng cng USB tiu chun lp trnh v gim st ng thi cung cp ti 2 cng truyn thng RS-232C v RS-422A/485 serial. Lp trnh IEC 61131-3 cho CP1L c h tr thng qua phn mm CX-One c cc th vin iu khin v khi chc nng tit kim thi gian ca Omron, iu

ny s n gin ha vic pht trin chng trnh cng nh chnh sa trc tuyn logic lp trnh. Phn mm m phng trong CX-One cho php th nghim trc cc chng trnh m khng cn bt k phn cng no, ng thi rt ngn c thi gian a vo hot ng.