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Present Perfect Continuous Tense

(sadanje svreno trajno vreme)



Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Sadanje svreno trajno vreme) se gradi od glagola TO
BE u Present Perfect Tense-u (Sadanjem svrenom vremenu), tj. have/has been i
present participle-a (sadanjeg participa) glavnog glagola.


Potvrdni oblik

Jednina (singular) Mnoina (plural)
I have been working Ja sam radio We have been working Mi
smo radili
You have been working Ti si radio You have been working Vi
ste radili
He has been working On je radio
She has been working Ona je
radila
It has been working Ono je radilo
They have been working Oni
su radili


Upitni oblik

Upitni oblik glagola u Present Perfect Continuous Tense-u (Sadanjem svrenom trajnom
vremenu) se gradi kao upitni oblik Present Perfect Simple Tense-a tj. inverzijom (u odnosu
na potvrdni oblik) pomonog glagola TO HAVE i line zamenice.

Upitni oblik Yes/No questions

Jednina (singular) Mnoina (plural)
Have I been working? Da li sam
ja radio?
Have we been working? Da li
smo mi radili?
Have you been working? Da li
si ti radio?
Have you been working? Da li
ste vi radili?
Has he been working? Da li je
on radio?
Has she been working? Da li je
ona radila?
Has it been working? Da li je
ono radilo?
Have they been working? Da li
su oni radili?




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Na Yes/No pitanja se odgovara kratkim odgovorima (Short answers) na sledei nain:

Jednina (singular) Mnoina (plural)
Have I been working? Yes, I have /
No, I haven't
Have we been working? - Yes, we have /
No, we haven't
Have you been working? Yes you have
/ No, you haven't
Have you been working? Yes, you have /
No, you haven't
Has he been working? Yes, he has /
No, he hasn't
Has she been working? Yes, she has/
No, she hasn't
Has it been working? Yes, it has / No,
it hasn't
Have they been working? Yes, they have
/ No, they haven't


Upitni oblik Wh- questions

Jednina (singular) Mnoina (plural)
Where have I been working?
Gde sam ja radio?
Where have we been working?
Gde smo mi radili?
Where have you been working?
Gde si ti radio?
Where have you been working?
Gde ste vi radili?
Where has he been working?
Gde je on radio?
Where has she been working?
Gde je ona radila?
Where has it been working?
Gde je ono radilo?
Where have they been working?
Gde su oni radili?


Odrini oblik

Odrini oblik se gradi od odrinog obika glagola BE (u Present Perfect Simple Tensu) i Past
Participle-a glavnog glagola.

Jednina (singular) Mnoina (plural)
I have not (haven't)
been working Ja nisam radio
We have not (haven't) been
working Mi nismo radili
You have not (haven't) been
working Ti nisi radio
You have not (haven't) been
working Vi niste radili
He has not (hasn't) been
working On nije radio
She has not (hasn't) been
working Ona nije radila
It has not (hasn't) been working
Ono nije radilo
They have not (haven't) been
working Oni nisu radili


Upotreba

Sadanje svreno trajno vreme se koristi za:

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Radnju koja je zapoeta u prolosti, jo uvek traje i moe se nastaviti u budunosti.

She has been learning English for three years. - Ona ui engleski ve tri godine.


U ovom kontekstu koristimo priloge for i since.

For oznaava ukupan vremenski period trajanja radnje.

I have been swimming for an hour. - Plivam ve sat vremena.


Since oznaava poetak deavanja radnje.

I have been living here since 1998. - ivim ovde od 1998.


Radnju koja se do skoro deavala i ostavila jasne posledice u sadanjosti:

It has been raining. The ground is still wet. - Padala je kia. Zemlja je jo
mokra.


Napomena: Kao to se iz prethodnih primera moe videti, Present Perfect Continuous
Tense se moe prevesti i sadanjim vremenom, u zavisnosti od konteksta.


Present Perfect Simple and Present Perfect Continuous

Present Perfect Simple Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama koje su se dogodile u
neodreenom trenutku u prolosti i gde je jasno naznaeno da je radnja zavrena. Tako je
pri upotrebi Present Perfect Tense-a subjekat vie zainteresovan za rezultat radnje.

Mary has bought a new car. - Meri je kupila novi auto.
I have broken my leg. - Slomila sam nogu.


Present Perfect Continuous Tense se koristi kada govorimo o radnjama za koje nismo
sasvim sigurni da su zavrene.Ovim vremenom istiemo da smo vie zainteresovani za
duinu trajanja radnje nego posledice koje ona ostavlja.

He has been working for the same company since 1966. - On radi za istu
kompaniju od 1966. godine.
I have been talking to my sister for more than two hours. - Razgovarala sam
sa svojom sestrom vie od dva sata.


Tako se Present Perfect Simple koristi uz How much i How many, a Present Perfect
Continuous Tense uz How long.

How many cakes have you made? - Koliko kolaa si napravila?
How much sugar have you bought? - Koliko eera si kupio?

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How lon have you been making cakes? - Koliko dugo pravi kolae?



Razliku emo videti i u primerima:

I have read a book. You can have it back. - Proitala sam knjigu. Moe je uzeti
natrag.
I have been reading a book, so you can't have it back. - itam knjigu, pa je ne
moe uzeti natrag.


U prvoj reenici radnja je kompletirana dok u drugoj nije.

U nekim sluajevima oba vremena se mogu koristiti sa istim znaenjem. esto sa glagolima
Live i Work.

I have been working for this company for 5 years. - Radim za ovu kompaniju
ve 5 godina.
I have worked for this company for 5 years. - Radim za ovu kompaniju ve 5
godina.
I've been living in London since 1997. - ivim u Londonu od 1997.-e
I've lived in London since 1997. - ivim u Londonu od 1997.-e


U sluajevima kada je duina trajanja radnje naglaena, koristiemo Present Perfect
Continuous.

I have been working here for ages. - Radim ovde ve godinama.