Ni dung

1) Gii thiu h thng thng tin 2) Tn hiu 3) Chui Fourier

Chng 1

4) Bin i Fourier 5) Mt s tn hiu c bit

Tn hiu v ph
Ha Hoang Kha, Ph.D Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology Email: hhkha@hcmut.edu.vn

Tn hiu v ph

H. H. Kha, Ph.D.

1. H thng thng tin

H thng thng tin: truyn thng tin (information) t ngun (source) n ch (destination). Thng ip (message) l biu din vt l ca thng tin. Mc ch ca thng tin l ti to li ni ch bn so ca thng tin pht t ngun.

Cc khi c bn
B pht: x l tn hiu vo to ra tn hiu pht ph hp vi c tnh knh truyn.
Lc, m ha, iu ch

Knh truyn (channel) l phng tin truyn tn hiu t b pht n b thu.

Suy hao, si dng do nhiu v giao thoa

B thu: thu nhn tn hiu t knh v x l (lc, khuch i, i gii iu ch) khi phc li tn hiu pht. pht
C th sai s trong khi phc tn hiu.

Tn hiu v ph

H. H. Kha, Ph.D.

Tn hiu v ph

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Nhiu v can nhiu

Mo dng (distortion): l s si dng tn hiu do p ng ca knh khng hon ho.
Mo s mt khi khng c tn hiu C th gim bng b cn bng knh (equalizer)

Nhiu v can nhiu

Can nhiu (interference) : mo dng tn hiu c gy ra bi cc ngun tn hiu khc.

Suy hao, si dng do nhiu v giao thoa

Nhiu: l nhng tn hiu in ngu nhin c to ra bi t nhin bn trong (thay i nhit ) v bn ngoi h thng.
Ch c gim nhiu, khng th loi b hon ton.

Tn hiu v ph

H. H. Kha, Ph.D.

Tn hiu v ph

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Gii hn c bn
Gii hn c bn trong h thng thng tin l bng thng (bandwidth) v nhiu (noise). Bng thng: o tc bin thin ca tn hiu v h thng. Khi tn hiu thay i nhanh theo thi gian -> bng thng ln. Kh nng h thng cho php tn hiu bin i gi l bng thng truyn dn.
Mi h thng thng tin c bng thng B gii hn tc d bin i ca tn hiu.

V d
Mt h thng thng tin thoi c bng thng 3.4 kHz. a) Tn dung lng knh ca mng in thoi nu SNR=30 dB ? b) Tnh t s SNR ti thiu c th truyn thng tin qua mng in thoi tc 4800 bits/s.

Tn hiu s c r k hiu/giy (symbol/second) , B r/2. r/2 Dung lng knh (Hartley-Shannon): (bit/s)
Tn hiu v ph 7 H. H. Kha, Ph.D. Tn hiu v ph 8 H. H. Kha, Ph.D.

2. Tn hiu
Tn hiu l i lng bin i theo thi gian nh in p hoc dng in. Phn loi tn hiu: Tn hiu tng t v tn hiu s Tn hiu xc nh v tn hiu ngu nhin. Tn hiu tun hon-khng tun hon Tn hiu cng sut-tn hiu nng lng

Tn hiu tun hon

Tn hiu tun hon:

v(t + kT0 ) = v(t )

< t <

T0: ch k Khi kho st tn hiu tun hon ch cn xt trong mt chu k T0. V d: Tun hon vi chu k T0=2/0

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Tn hiu nng lng-cng sut

Cho tn hiu bt k v(t)
T /2

3. Ph vch v chui Fourier

Xt tn hiu:

Nng lng ca tn hiu: E = lim

T /2

| v(t ) |2 dt =
T /2

| v(t ) | dt
2

1 | v(t ) |2 dt Cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu P = lim T T T /2

Tn hiu nng lng: 0 < E < v P=0 Tn hiu cng sut: 0 < P < v E=

A: bin , gi tr nh 0=2f0 tn s gc (radian/giy) gc pha ban u f0=1/T0=0/2 (chu k/giy) (Hz)

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Gin vector pha v ph 1 pha

Cng thc Euler:

V d
V ph ca tn hiu sau: v(t)=7-10cos(40t-600)+4sin(120 t) Ch :

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Gin vector pha v ph 2 pha

Chui Fourier ca tn hiu tun hon

Chui Fourier cho tn hi tun hon vi chu k T0

|Cn|: ph bin Argcn: ph pha

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V d: chui xung ch nht

Xc nh ph ca sng xung vung tun hon nh hnh vi Hm sinc()

Hm sinc()

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Tnh cht chui Fourier

Cc tn s l s nguyn ln (cc hi) ca tn s c bn f0. Thnh phn DC bng g vi g gi tr trung g bnh cu tn hiu.

nh l Parseval cho tn hiu cng sut

Quan h cng sut trung bnh ca tn hiu tun hon trong min thi gian v tn s:

Mt cng sut PSD (power spectral density) Nu tn hiu v(t) thc:

Ph bin i xng chn. Ph pha h i xng l

Gv ( f ) =
P=

n =

|c

|2 ( f nf f0 )

n =

| cn |2 =

20

G ( f )df
v
H. H. Kha, Ph.D.

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Tn hiu v ph

V d
Cho v(t)=Acos(2f0t+) a) Tnh cng sut P trong min thi gian ? b) Tm hm mt ph cng sut v suy ra cng sut P ?

Tnh cht chui Fourier

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Tnh cht chui Fourier

4. Bin i Fourier
Nu v(t) l tn hiu nng lng th ph s lin tc. Bin i Fourier

Hm v(t) c khi phc t V(f) bng bin i Fourier ngc

Ph bin : |V(f)| Ph pha arg V(f)

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V d
Xc nh ph ca xung ch nht

Xung ch nht

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Tnh cht bin i Fourier

V(f) ti f=0 l gi tr din tch ca tn hiu

Nu v(t) thc

Ph bin i xng chn Ph pha i xng l

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nh l Rayleigh cho tn hiu nng lng

Nng lng tn hiu c th tnh trong min thi gian hoc trong min tn s
T /2

Tnh cht bin i Fourier

E = lim li

T /2

| v(t ) |2 dt d =

dt | v(t ) | d
2

t

( f ) =| V ( f ) | , khi
2

E=

( f )df

( f ) =| V ( f ) |2 l hm mt ph nng lng.
Tn hiu v ph 29 H. H. Kha, Ph.D. Tn hiu v ph 30 H. H. Kha, Ph.D.

Tnh cht bin i Fourier

V d
Xt mt tn hiu sin trong khong thi gian hu hn, nh hnh. Tn hiu ny c gi l xung RF khi fc l tn s v tuyn (3 kHz-300 GHz).

H tm Hy v v ph h bin bi ca tn hiu trn.

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5. Mt s tn hiu c bit
Xung tam gic

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Mt s tn hiu c bit
Xung n v (hm Dirac delta)

Mt s tn hiu c bit
Hm bc n v

Hm du

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Cp bin i Fourier

=2f
+

g (t ) =

G ( f )e
+

j 2 ft

df

1 g (t ) = 2

G( )e

jt

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Bi tp

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Bi tp

Bi tp

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