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PHN TCH
BO CO TI
CHNH
Chng 5
Ni dung nghin cu ch yu:
5.1. Mc ch, ngha, ni dung v
phng php phn tch
5.2. nh gi khi qut tnh hnh ti
chnh
5.3. Phn tch tnh hnh v kh nng
thanh ton n phi thu n phi tr
5.4. Phn tch hiu qu s dng vn
5.5. Phn tch hiu qu kinh doanh
5.1.2. Mc ch:
Gip nh phn tch nh gi chnh xc sc mnh ti
chnh, kh nng sinh li, tim nng, hiu qu hot ng
kinh doanh, nh gi nhng trin vng cng nh nhng
ri ro trong tng lai ca doanh nghip t a ra
quyt nh thch hp
5.1.3. ngha:
Chu con g ty
Chu n
Nha au t
C quan Nh nc
Ngha v ca DN,
xy dng chnh sch
u k
Cui k
(S tin)
(S tin)
Cui k so vi u k
S tin
T l (%)
Phn ti sn
A.Ti sn ngn hn
I. Tin v cc khon tng ng tin
1. Tin
2. Cc khon tng ng tin
II.Cc khon u t ngn hn
1. u t ngn hn
2. D phng gim gi u t chng khon ngn hn
..
B. Ti sn di hn
I. Cc khon phi thu di hn
1. Phi thu di hn khch hng
.
II. Ti sn c nh
1. ti sn c nh hu hnh
2..
.
Tng cng ti sn
u k
Cui k
(S tin)
(S tin)
Cui k so vi u k
S tin
T l (%)
Phn ngun vn
A. N phi tr
I. N ngn hn
1. Vay v n ngn hn
2. Phi tr ngi bn
..
II. N di hn
1. Phi tr di hn ngi bn
B. Vn ch s hu
I. Vn ch s hu
1. Vn u t ca ch s hu
2. Thng d vn c phn
u k
Cui k
(S tin)
(S tin)
Cui k so vi u k
S tin
T l (%)
Ph n t i s n
A.T i s n ng n h n
255.900
306.220
5 0 .3 2 0
19,66
16.200
43.360
2 7 .1 6 0
167,65
1 . Tin
16.200
43.360
2 7 .1 6 0
167,65
152.460
65.340
(8 7 .1 2 0 )
(57,14)
1 . Ph i th u c a k h ch h n g
67.140
58.620
(8 .5 2 0 )
(12,69)
2 . Tr trc ch o n g i b n
75.180
4.440
(7 0 .7 4 0 )
(94,09)
5 . Cc k h o n p h i th u k h c
10.140
2.280
(7 .8 6 0 )
(77,51)
IV. H ng t n kho
82.540
182.080
9 9 .5 4 0
120,60
1 . Hn g t n k h o
82.540
182.080
9 9 .5 4 0
120,60
V. T i s n ng n h n kh c
4.700
15.440
1 0 .7 4 0
228,51
2 . Th u GTGT c k h u tr
1.780
12.780
1 1 .0 0 0
617,98
4 . Th u v cc k h o n p h i th u NN
2.920
2.660
B. T i s n d i h n
413.520
507.020
9 3 .5 0 0
22,61
II. T i s n c nh
400.560
494.060
9 3 .5 0 0
23,34
1 . Ti sn c n h h u h n h
243.460
228.640
(1 4 .8 2 0 )
(6,09)
4 . Ch i p h XDCBDD
157.100
265.420
1 0 8 .3 2 0
68,95
12.960
12.960
2 . u t v o c n g ty lin k t
12.960
12.960
669.420
813.240
T ng c ng t i s n
(2 6 0 )
1 4 3 .8 2 0
(8,90)
21,48
VD1 (tt)
Ch tiu
u k
Cui k
(S tin)
(S tin)
Phn ngun vn
Cui k so vi u k
S tin
T l (%)
A. N phi tr
557.040
703.100
146.060
26,22
I. N ngn hn
217.000
352.800
135.800
62,58
1. Vay v n ngn hn
147.600
213.740
66.140
44,81
41.040
79.920
38.880
8.820
11.680
2.860
32,43
4.060
1.800
(2.260)
(55,67)
5.780
5.140
(640)
(11,07)
2. Phi tr ngi bn
94,74
9.700
40.520
30.820
317,73
II. N di hn
340.040
350.300
10.260
3,02
4. Vay v n di hn
340.040
350.000
9.960
6. D phng tr cp mt vic lm
300
2,93
300
B. Vn ch s hu
112.380
110.140
(2.240)
(1,99)
I. Vn ch s hu
108.040
109.260
1.220
1,13
90.780
95.660
4.880
5,38
7. Qu u t pht trin
7.860
8.060
200
8. qu d phng ti chnh
1.160
1.180
20
1,72
8.240
4.360
(3.880)
(47,09)
4.340
880
(3.460)
(79,72)
(3.460)
(79,72)
1. Vn u t ca ch s hu
1. Ngun kinh ph
Tng cng ngun vn
4.340
669.420
880
813.240
143.820
2,54
21,48
T trng tng
loi, tng ch
tiu ti sn
(ngun vn)
X 100
Tng gi tr ti sn (ngun vn)
c xc nh lm quy m chung
u k
S tin
T trng (%)
Cui k
S tin
T trng (%)
T trng u
k so vi cui
k
Phn ti sn
A.Ti sn ngn hn
I. Tin v cc khon tng ng tin
1. Tin
2. Cc khon tng ng tin
II.Cc khon u t ngn hn
1. u t ngn hn
2. D phng gim gi u t chng
khon ngn hn
..
B. Ti sn di hn
I. Cc khon phi thu di hn
1. Phi thu di hn khch hng
.
II. Ti sn c nh
1. ti sn c nh hu hnh
2..
.
Tng cng ti sn
Ch tiu
u k
S tin
T trng (%)
Cui k
S tin
T trng (%)
T trng u
k so vi cui
k
Phn ngun vn
A. N phi tr
I. N ngn hn
1. Vay v n ngn hn
2. Phi tr ngi bn
..
II. N di hn
1. Phi tr di hn ngi bn
B. Vn ch s hu
I. Vn ch s hu
1. Vn u t ca ch s hu
2. Thng d vn c phn
u k
Cui k
T tr n g (%)
T trng (%)
T trng u
k so vi cui
k
Phn ti sn
A.Ti sn ngn hn
S tin
255.900
38,23
S tin
306.220
3 7 ,6 5
(0,57)
16.200
16.200
152.460
67.140
75.180
10.140
82.540
82.540
4.700
1.780
2.920
413.520
400.560
243.460
157.100
6,33
100,00
59,58
44,04
49,31
6,65
32,25
100,00
1,84
37,87
62,13
61,77
96,87
60,78
39,22
43.360
43.360
65.340
58.620
4.440
2.280
182.080
182.080
15.440
12.780
2.660
507.020
494.060
228.640
265.420
1 4 ,1 6
1 0 0 ,0 0
2 1 ,3 4
8 9 ,7 2
6 ,8 0
3 ,4 9
5 9 ,4 6
1 0 0 ,0 0
5 ,0 4
8 2 ,7 7
1 7 ,2 3
6 2 ,3 5
9 7 ,4 4
4 6 ,2 8
5 3 ,7 2
7,83
(38,24)
45,68
(42,52)
(3,16)
27,21
3,21
44,90
(44,90)
0,57
0,58
(14,50)
14,50
12.960
12.960
669.420
3,13
100,00
100,00
12.960
12.960
813.240
2 ,5 6
1 0 0 ,0 0
1 0 0 ,0 0
(0,58)
-
VD2 (tt)
Ch tiu
u k
S tin
Phn ngun vn
A. N phi tr
I. N ngn hn
1. Vay v n ngn hn
2. Phi tr ngi bn
3. Ngi mua tr tin trc
4. Thu v cc khon phi np NN
5. Phi tr ngi lao ng
9 Cc khon phi tr phi np ngn hn khc
Cui k
T trng (%)
S tin
T trng (%)
T trng u k
so vi cui k
557.040
217.000
147.600
83,21
38,96
68,02
703.100
352.800
213.740
86,46
50,18
60,58
3,24
11,22
(7,43)
41.040
8.820
4.060
5.780
18,91
4,06
1,87
2,66
79.920
11.680
1.800
5.140
22,65
3,31
0,51
1,46
3,74
(0,75)
(1,36)
(1,21)
4,47
40.520
11,49
7,02
II. N di hn
340.040
61,04
350.300
49,82
(11,22)
4. Vay v n di hn
340.040
100,00
350.000
99,91
(0,09)
6. D phng tr cp mt vic lm
B. Vn ch s hu
I. Vn ch s hu
112.380
108.040
16,79
96,14
300
110.140
109.260
0,09
13,54
99,20
0,09
(3,24)
3,06
90.780
84,02
95.660
87,55
3,53
7.860
7,28
8.060
7,38
1.160
8.240
4.340
4.340
669.420
1,07
7,63
3,86
100,00
100,00
1.180
4.360
880
880
813.240
1,08
3,99
0,80
100,00
100,00
1. Vn u t ca ch s hu
7. Qu u t pht trin
8. qu d phng ti chnh
10. Li nhun cha phn phi
II. Ngun kinh ph v qu
1. Ngun kinh ph
Tng cng ngun vn
9.700
0,10
0,01
(3,64)
(3,06)
-
Nm trc
N m na y
Chnh lch
S tin
T l (%)
Nm trc
Nm nay
1.061,00
1.195,00
T l (%)
134,00
12,63
1.061,00
1.195,00
134,00
4. Gi vn hng bn
696,00
903,00
207,00
365,00
292,00
1,30
1,60
0,30
23,08
68,00
61,00
(7,00)
(10,29)
68,00
61,00
(7,00)
(10,29)
(73,00)
12,63
29,74
(20,00)
49,00
(111,00)
(69,38)
48,00
65,00
17,00
35,42
90,30
118,60
28,30
10,00
2,31
(7,69)
(76,90)
0,07
0,14
0,07
100,00
(7,76)
(78,15)
8. Chi ph bn hng
160,00
31,34
9,93
2,17
100,23
120,77
20,54
20,49
25,06
30,19
5,14
20,49
75,17
90,58
15,41
20,49
T l cc ch
tiu
X 100
Doanh thu thun
Nm trc
Nm nay
Kt cu
N m trc
1.061,00
1.195,00
N m na y
1 0 0 ,00
Bin ng
1 0 0,00
1.061,00
1.195,00
1 0 0 ,00
1 0 0,00
4. Gi vn hng bn
696,00
903,00
6 5 ,60
7 5 ,56
9,97
365,00
292,00
3 4 ,40
2 4 ,44
(9,97)
1,30
1,60
0 ,1 2
0 ,13
0,01
68,00
61,00
6 ,4 1
5 ,10
(1,30)
68,00
61,00
6 ,4 1
5 ,10
(1,30)
(10,98)
49,00
1 5 ,08
4 ,10
48,00
65,00
4 ,5 2
5 ,44
160,00
90,30
118,60
8 ,5 1
9 ,92
1,41
10,00
2,31
0 ,9 4
0 ,19
(0,75)
0,07
0,14
0 ,0 1
0 ,01
0,01
9,93
2,17
0 ,9 4
0 ,18
(0,75)
100,23
120,77
9 ,4 5
1 0 ,11
0,66
25,06
30,19
2 ,3 6
2 ,53
0,16
7 ,0 9
7 ,58
0,49
0,92
75,17
90,58
Nm trc
Nm nay
140.000
(25.000)
(3.000)
(15.000)
(1.000)
80.000
(22.000)
(4.000)
(10.000)
(800)
Bin ng
Mc
T l (%)
(60.000)
3.000
(1.000)
5.000
200
(42,86)
(12,00)
33,33
(33,33)
(20,00)
15.000
112.000
97.000
646,67
(86.000)
(120.000)
(34.000)
39,53
25.000
35.200
10.200
40,80
VD5 (tt)
Nm
trc
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ ____
Ch tiu
II. Lu chuyn tin t hot ng
u t
1. Tin chi mua sm, xy dng
TSC
2. Tin thu t thanh l, nhng bn
TSC
3. Tin chi cho vay, mua cc cng c
n
4. Tin thu hi cho vay, bn li cc
cng c n
5. Tin chi u t gp vn vo n
v khc
6. Tin thu li cho vay, c tc v li
nhun c chia
Lu chuyn tin thun t hot
ng u t
Nm nay
Bin ng
Mc
T l (%)
(4.700)
(30.000)
(25.300)
538,30
50.000
280
(49.720)
(99,44)
(56.000)
56.000
(100,00)
5.400
350
(5.050)
(93,52)
(5.300)
(29.370)
(24.070)
(454,15)
VD5 (tt)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ ____
Ch tiu
Nm trc
Nm nay
Bin ng
Mc
T l (%)
(1.500)
10.000
(32.000)
10.000
(12.000)
1.500
20.000
-
(100,00)
(62,50)
(23.500)
(3.800)
8.200
4.400
(2.000)
3.830
5.400
9.230
21.500
7.630
(2.800)
4.830
91,49
200,79
(34,15)
109,77
Nm trc
Nm nay
25.000
35.200
(5.300)
(29.370)
(23.500)
(3.800)
(2.000)
3.830
10
Ch tiu
Nm trc
S tin
Nm nay
t
t trng S tin trng
Bin ng
S tin
t trng
140.000
90,32
80.000 41,67
(60.000) (48,66)
15.000
9,68 112.000 58,33
97.000
48,66
155.000 100,00 192.000 100,00
37.000
(25.000) 19,23
(22.000) 14,03 3.000
(5,20
(3.000)
2,31
(4.000)
(15.000)
11,54
(10.000)
(1.000)
(86.000)
(34.000)
(130.000)
(26.800)
Ch tiu
0,77 (800)
Nm trc
S tin
2,55
0,51
Nm nay
t trng
S tin
50.000
90,25
280
5.400
9,75
55.400
100,00
7,74
(56.000)
92,26
(60.700) 100,00
S tin
10,38
t trng
44,44 (4 9 .7 2 0 )
-
350
630
(30.000)
55,56
5 6 .0 0 0
100
3 0 .7 0 0
10.000
100
10.000
100
10.000
100
(12.000)
100
95,52
(92,26)
10.000
(32.000)
92,26
4,48
45,81
(1.500)
(5 .0 5 0 )
100 (2 5 .3 0 0 )
-
(30.000)
(45,81)
100,00 (5 4 .7 7 0 )
(5,16)
200 (0,26)
(4.700)
0,24
Bin ng
t trng
(1.000)
6,38 5.000
1 .5 0 0
(4,48)
100
2 0 .0 0 0
4,48
(33.500)
100
(12.000)
100
2 1 .5 0 0
H s t ti
tr
X 100
Tng cng ti sn
11
a. H s t ti tr (tt)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ __ _ __ __ __ ____
VD6. Ly s liu VD 1
110.140
H s t ti tr
nm nay
X 100 = 14%
813.240
112.380
H s t ti tr
nm trc
X 100 = 17%
669.420
b. Cc h s phn nh mc m bo n v kh
nng thanh ton
b1. H s phn nh mc m bo n: Cc ch n
di hn rt quan tm n h s m bo n di hn.
H s m
bo n di
hn
Gi tr TSC v u t di
hn
X 100
N di hn
Lu : gi tr TSC l gi tr cn li
VD7. Ly s liu VD 1
H s m bo
n di hn
nm nay
507.020
=
100 = 145%
350.300
H s m bo
n di hn
nm trc
413.520
=
100 = 122%
340.040
12
VD8. Ly s liu VD 1
N ngan han
(ln)
306.220
H s thanh
ton ngn
hn nm nay
= 0,87
352.800
255.900
H s thanh
ton ngn hn
nm trc
= 1,18
217.000
H s
thanh ton
nhanh
Tin + u t CK ngan
han
(ln)
N ngan han
VD9. Ly s liu VD 1
43.360
H s thanh
ton nhanh
nm nay
H s thanh
ton nhanh
nm trc
= 0, 12
352.800
16.200
= 0,07
217.000
S d bnh qun cc
khon phi thu khch
hng
S ngy ca k
13
K thu tin
bnh qun
ca DT bn
chu (ngy)
70
80
600
400
400
= 5,3 ln
=
(70 + 80)/2
365
= 68
ngy
=
5,3
14
1.Phi ngi bn
Cui k
u k
2. Doanh s hng mua chu trong nm
S vng
lun
chuyn cc
khon phi
tr
Thi gian
quay vng
ca cc
khon phi
tr ngi
bn (ngy)
100
70
600
600
=
= 7,05
(100+70)/2
365
=
= 51
7,05
S tin
1. Cc khon n qu hn
1. Tin mt
2. Tin gi NH
- N vay
- N ngi bn
5. N phi thu
2. Cc khon n n hn
- N qu hn
- N ngn sch
- N n hn
- N vay
6. Vay
- Tin lng
..
S tin
- N ngi bn
Cng
Cng
15
=
Nhu cu thanh ton
S tin
1. Cc khon n qu hn
S tin
1. Tin mt
50
20 2. Tin gi NH
60
- N vay
25
- N ngi bn
30
2. Cc khon n n hn
5. N phi thu
- N ngn sch
15 - N qu hn
10 - N n hn
- N vay
- Tin lng
23
- N ngi bn
23
128 Cng
Cng
H s kh
nng thanh
ton (Hk )
15
148
148
=
128
= 1,15
16
b. Hiu qu s dng ti sn c nh
b1. Sc sn xut ca ti sn c nh
Doanh thu thun
Sc sn
xut ca
=
Nguyn gi bnh qun ca
TSC
TSC
b2. Sc sinh li ca ti sn c nh
Sc sinh li
Li nhun trc (sau) thu
ca ca
=
TSC
NG gi bnh qun ca TSC
b3. Sut hao ph ca ti sn c nh
Sut hao
ph ca
TSC
=
Doanh thu thun (li nhun)
Sc sn xut ca
TS ngn hn
=
TS ngn hn bnh qun
Gi vn hng bn
=
Hng ho tn kho bnh qun
365
=
H s quay vng hng ho tn
kho
17
Li nhun
=
Vn kinh doanh
Li nhun
=
Doanh thu thun
Li nhun
=
Sut hao ph
ca vn
=
Li nhun
Li nhun
=
Vn CSH bnh qun
T sut li
nhun trn
vn c phn
Thu nhp ca
1 c phiu
thng
Vn c ng bnh qun
Li tc sau thu - C tc ca
c phiu u i
S lng CP thng ang lu
hnh bnh qun
18
Gi th trng ca 1 c phiu
=
T l tr li
c phn
T sut sinh
li c phn
=
Doanh thu thun
c. T l s d m ph
Tng s d m ph
T l s d
=
m ph
a. T l li gp
Li gp
T l li gp
=
Doanh thu thun
c. T l s d m ph
T l s d
=
m ph
Tng s d m ph
Doanh thu thun
19