1.2 1.2.

Khai quat ve mang Vol Gio'i thieu

DAu nam 1995 cong ty VOI

cuoc thoai qua Internet dau tie linh vuc nay. hang ! nam 1

truang "an #ham $et not mang

mang may tinh da "am ra doni

Vic truyen thoai qua internet dugc irng dung rong rai trong tt 1.2.2 Khai niem

%o the dinh nghia& Voice c truyen thoai "it dung giao thu" VoI' la mot trong nhung cong chi doi vai cac nha $hai thac( VoI' co the vira thuc hien cui )'* +, dong th-i truyen du lie

%huong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

duo'c "ire manh va "i. #hat trien vuo't /ac cua mang I' von chi d lieu thong thuong. 1.2.! I,ac diem cua dign thoai I' Dien thoai I' ra doi nham $hai thac tinh hieu qua cua cac thac tinh linh hoat trong #hat trien cac irng dung mai cua giao t1 tren mot mang to0n cau la mang Internet. %ac tien /o cua cong thoai I' nhi ng uu diem "au& 1 Giam chi #hi cuoc g9i& 2ru diem not /at nhat cua dii dien thoai hien tai la $ha nang cung ca# nhi ng cuoc goi duong cha# nhan dugc. +eu dich vu dien thoai I' dugc trien $hai( i duong dai "e chi thong duong vai chi #hi truy nha# internet. 3 #hi tha# nhu vay la do tin hieu thoai duorc truyen tai trong man $enh hieu qua cao. D4ng thoi( $y thuat nen thoai tien tien gi( .uong tha# tai 5 K/#" )theo tieu chuan nen thoai G.629A cua l .ir ly nhanh cua cac /o vi .ir ly ngay nay cho #he# viec truye thirc la co the thuc hien dugc vai luting tai nguyen /ang thong thuat cu. *o "anh mot cuoc goi trong mang '* + vai mot cuoc %hi #hi #hai tra cho cuoc goi trong mang '* + la chi #hi #ha $enh 47$/#" "uot tir dau cuoi nay tai dau cuoi $ia thong qua n %hi #hi nay doi vai cac cuoc goi duong dai )lien tinh( quoc te, li rong truong ho# cuoc goi qua mang I'( nguo'i "ir dun8 duy tri $enh 47$/#" den Gate0ay cua nha cung ca# dich vu tai i dich vu din thoai I' "e dam nhan nhiem vu nen( dong goi tin I qua mang I' mot each co hieu qua nhat de tai dugc Gate0ay nc $hac co nguoi lien lac dau $ia. Vic $et not nhu vay lam giam do #han lon $enh truyen 47K/#" do dugc thay the /ang viec ti du lieu hieu qua cao.

%huang 1& ong quan ve VoI'

ich ho# mang thoai( mang "o lieu va mang /ao hieu&

rong dien thoai I'( tin

hieu thoai( "o lieu va ngay ca /ao hieu deu co the cung di tren cung mot mang I'. Dieu nay "e tit $iem dugc chi #hi dau to de .ay dung nhung mang rieng re. 1 Kha nang m- rong )*cala/ility,& +eu nhu cac he tong dai thuang la nhung he thong $in( rat $ho de them vao do nhung tinh nang thi cac thiet /i trong mang internet thuang co $ha nang them vao nhung tinh nang moi. %hinh tinh mem deo do mang lai cho dich vu dien thoai I' $ha nang m4' rong de dang han "o voi dien thoai truyen thong. 1 Khong can thong tin dieu $hien de thiet la# $enh truyen vat 1y& G4i thong tin trong mang I' truyen den dich ma $hong can mot "ty thiet la# $enh nao. Goi chi can mang dia chi cua nai nhan cuoi cung la thong tin do co the den dugc dich. Do vay( viec dieu $hien cuoc goi trong mang I' chi can ta# trung vao chirc nang cuoc goi ma $hong #hai ta# trung vao chuc nang thiet la# $enh. 1 9uin 1y /ang thong& rong dien thoai chuyen mach $enh( tai nguyen /ang

thong cung ca# cho mot cuoc lien lac la co dinh )mot $enh 47K/#", nhung trong dien thoai I' viec #han chia tai nguyen cho cac cuoc thoai linh hoat horn nhieu. Khi mot cuoc lien lac din ra( neu luu luong cua mang tha#( /ang thong danh cho lien lac "e cho chat luong thoai tot nhat co the8 nhung $hi luu luong cua mang cao( mang "e han the /ang thong cua tong cuoc goi o' mirc duy tri chat lacing thoai cha# nhan dugc nham #huc vu cung lac dugc nhieu nguo'i nhat. Diem nay cling la mot yeu to lam tang hieu qua "ir dung cua dien thoai I'. Viec quan 1y /ang thong mot cach tit $iem nhu vay cho #he# nguoi to nghi toii nhung dich vu cao ca# horn nhu truyen hinh hoi nghi( dieu ma v4i cong nghe chuyen mach cu ngu-i to do $hong thuc hien vi chi #hi qua cao. 1 +hieu tinh nang dich vu& inh linh hoat cua mang I' cho #he# tao ra nhieu tinh

nang mai trong dich vu thoai. Vi du cho /it thong tin ve nguoti goi tai hay mot thue /ao din thoai I' co the c4 nhieu "o lien lac ma chi cAn mot thiet /i dAu cuoi duy nhat )Vi du nhu mot thiet /i I' 'hone co the co mot "o dien thoai danh cho cong viec( mot cho cac cuoc goi rieng tu,. 1 Kha nang multimedia& rong mot :cuoc goi: nguoti "ir dung co the vita n4i

chuyen vita "ir dung cac dich vu $hac nhu truyen ;ile( chia "e du lieu( hay .em hinh anh cua nguoi n4i chuyen /en $ia.

%huoong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

Dien thoai I' cung co nhung han che& 1 Ky thuat #hirc ta#& ruyen tin hieu theo thai gian thuc tren mang chuyi

goi la rat $ho thuc hien do mat goi trong mang la $hong the tranh dugc va do tre $ dinh cua cac goi thong tin $hi truyen tren mang. De co dugc mot dich vu thoai ch dugc( can thiet #hai co mot $y thuat nen tin hieu dat dugc nhung yeu cau $hat $l nen lon )de giam dugc toc do /it .uong,( co $ha nang "uy do0n va tao lai thong cac goi /i that lac... oc do .u ly cua cac /o %odec )%oder and Decoder< =o me giai mo, #hai du nhanh de $hong lam cuoc dam thoai /i gian loan. Dong thai c tang cua mang cung can dugc nang ca# len cac cung nghe mori nhu >rame A ?(...de co toc do cao han va #hai co mot ca che thuc hien chuc nang 9o* )9i *ervice< %hat lugng dich vu,. at ca cac dieu nay lam cho $y thuat thuc hien din

tra nen #huc ta# va $hong the thuc hien dugc trong nhung nam truac day. 1 Van de /ao mat )"ecurity,& ?ang Internet la mot mang co tinh rong hon ho# )hetorogenou" net0or$,. rong do co rat nhieu loai may t;nh $hac nhau c dich

vu $hac nhau cung "ir dung chung mot ca "a ha tang. Do vay $hong co gi c rang thong tin lien quan den ca nhan cung nhu "o lien lac truy nha# "ir dung dice nguai dung duoc giu /; mat. +hu vay( dien thoai I' chirng to no la mot loai hinh dich vu m4i rat co tie& rong t0ang lai( dien thoai I' "e cung ca# cac dich vu hien co cua dien thoai tror '* + va cac dich vu moi cua rieng no nham dem lai lgi ich cho dong dao ngui uy nhien( dien thoai I' vai to each la mot dich vu "e $hong tra nen ha# dan ha chi vi no chay tren mang I'. Khach hang chi cha# nhan loai dich vu nay neu nhu ra dugc mot chi #hi tha# va nhung tinh nang vuot troi hon "o v-i dich vu dien th tai. 1.2.7 %ac hinh th)rc truyen thoai qua I'

1.2.7.1

?o hinh '% to '%

rong mo hinh nay( moi may tinh can dugc trang /i mot "ound card( mot micr mot "#ea$er va dugc $et not true tie# voi mang Internet thong qua modem he mang. ?oi may tinh dugc cung ca# mot dia chi I' va hai may tinh da co the trao tin hieu thoai voi nhau thong qua mang Internet. at ca cac thao tac nhu lay mau

%huong 1&

ong quan ve VoI'

am thanh( ma hod va giai ma( nen va giai nen tin hieu deu dugc may tinh thuc hien.

rong

mo hinh nay chi co nh%rng may tinh not vori cung mot mang m4i co $ha nang trao doi thong tin vori nhau.

'%
@inh 1.1 ?o hinh '% to '%

'%

1.2.7.2

?o hinh '% to 'hone

?o hinh '% to 'hone la mot mo hinh dugc cai tin hon "o voi mo hinh '% to '%. ?o hinh nay cho #he# nguoi "ir dung may tinh co the thuc hien cuoc goi den mang '* + thong thuong va ngugc lai. rong mo hinh nay mang Internet va mang '* + co the giao

ti# vo'i nhau nhc mot thiet /i dac /iet do la Gate0ay. @ay la mo hinh co "o de dan

tOi

viec $et ho# giua mang Internet va mang '* + cung nhu cac mang G*? hay da dich vu $hdc.

'%
@inh 1.2 ?o hinh '% to 'hone

'hone

1.2.7.! ?o hinh 'hone to 'hone @ay la mo hinh mo rong cua mo hinh '% to 'hone "ir dung Internet lam #huong tin lien lac giua cac mang '* +. at ca cac mang '* + deu $et not v4<i mang Internet thong qua ai

cac gate0ay. Khi tin hanh cuoc goi mang '* + "e $et not den gate0ay gan that.

gate0ay dia chi "e dugc chuyen doi tir dia chi '* + "ang dia chi I' de co the dinh tuyen cac goi tin den dugc mang dich. Dong thoi gate0ay nguon co nhiem vu chuyen doi tin hieu thoai tuong to thanh dang "o "au do ma hod( nen( dong goi va giri qua mang. ?ang 5

%huoong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

dich cung dugc $et not voni gate0ay va tai gate0ay dich( dia chi lai dugc chuyen doi tro lai thanh dia chi '* + va tin hieu dugc giai nen( giai ma chuyen doi nguoc lai thanh tin hieu tuomng to giri vao mang '* + dn dich.

'* +

'* +

'* +

GA ABAC

GA ABAC

@inh 1.! 1.2.5 ?ot "o )mg dung VoI'

?o hinh 'hone to 'hone

Giao ti# thoai "e van la dang giao ti# co' /an cua con ngu n.?ang din thoai cong cong $hong the /i don gian thay the( them chi thay doi trong thoi gian

toi. ?uc dich tirc

thoi cua cac nha cung ca# dich vu then thoai I' la tai tao lai $ha nang cua dien thoai vori mot chi #hi van hanh tha# horn nhieu va dua ra cac giai #ha# $y thuet /o "ung cho mang '* +. Dien thoai co the dugc a# dung cho gan nhu moi yeu cau cua giao tie# thoai( tir mot cuoc dam thoai co /an cho den mot cuoc goi hoi nghi nhieu nguai #hirc ta#. %hat lugng am thanh dugc truyen cung co the /ien doi tuy theo irng dung. +goai ra( voi $ha nang cua Internet( dich vu dien thoai I' "e cung ca# them nhieu tinh nang moi. a co the .em .et mot vai irng dung cua then thoai D hoai thong minh @e thong then thoai ngay cang tror nen huu hieu& re( #ho /ien( de "ir dung( cer dong. +o chi co mot "o #him de dieu $hien. rong nhi ng nam gan day( nguai to da co

gang de tao ra thoai thong minh( dau tien la cac thoai de /an( "au IA den cac "erver. +hung moi co gang deu that /ai do "ir ton tai cua cac he thong co "an. Internet "e thay doi dieu nay. Ke tir $hi Internet #hu $ha# to0n cau( no da dugc "ir dung de tang them tinh thong minh cho mang din thoai to0n cau. Giira mane may tinh va mang dien thoai ton tai mot moi lien he. Internet cung ca# cach giam "at va dieu $hien cac

%huong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

cuoc thoai VoI' mot cach tien lgi hon. %hung to co the thy dugc $ha nang $iem "oat va dieu $hien cac cuoc goi thong qua mang Internet. D Dich vu dien thoai Be/ Borld Bide Be/ da lam cuoc cach mang trong cach giao dich voi $hach hang cua cac doanh nghie#. Dien thoai Be/ hay :/am "o: )clic$ to dial, cho #he# cac doanh nghie# co the dua them cac #him /am len trang 0e/ de $et not toi he thong din thoai cua ho. D ruy ca# cac trung tam tra loi dien thoai ruy ca# den cac trung tam #huc vu $hach hang qua mang Internet "e thuc day manh me thuong mai dien tir. Dich vu "e cho #he# mot $hach hang co cau hoi ve mot "an #ham dugc chao hang qua Internet dugc cac nhan vien cua cung ty tra lai true tie#. D Dich vu ;a. qua I' Viec "ir dung Internet $hong nhung duce mo rong cho thoai ma con cho ca dich vu ;a.. +eu /an goi nhieu ;a. tir '%( dac /iet la goi ra nuoc ngoai thi viec "ir dung dich vu Internet ;a.ing "e gul# /an tit $iem dugc tien va ca $enh thoai. Dich vu nay "e chuyen true tie# tir '% cua /an qua $et not Internet. 1.2.4 Dac tinh cua mang VoI'

1.2.4.1

I;u diem

D Giam chi #hi& Day la uu diem not /at cua VoI' "o voi dien thoai du mg dm thong thuong. %hi #hi cuoc goi duong dai chi /ang chi #hi cho truy nha# Internet. ?ot gia cuoc chung "e thuc hien dugc vai mang Internet va do do tit $iem dang $e cac dich vu thoai va ;a.. *u chia "e chi #hi thiet /i va thao tac giira nhiErng nguoi "ir dung thoai va du lieu cung tang cuong hieu qua "ir dung mang. Dong thai $y thuat nen thoai tien tien lam giam toc do /it tir 47K/#" .uong duoi 5K/#"( tirc la mot $enh 47K/#" luc nay co the #huc vu dong thoi 5 $enh thoai doc la#. +hu vay( ly do lon nhat giu# cho chi #hi thuc hien cuoc goi VoI' tha# chinh la viec "ir dung toi uu /ang thong. D inh thong nhat & @e thong VoI' co the tich hg# ca mang thoai ( mang "o lieu va

mang /ao hieu. %ac tin hieu thoai( du lieu( /ao hieu co the cung di tren mot mang I'. Vic nay "e giam dang $e chi #hi dau tu.

%huong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

D Van de quan ly /ang thong& co dinh.

rong '* +( /ang thong cung ca# cho mot cuoc goi 1A

rong VolF( /ang thong dugc cung ca# mot cach linh hoat vA mem deo hon nhieu.

%hat lacing cua VoI' #hu thuoc vao nhieu yeu to( quan trong nhat la /ang thong. Do do $hong co "u /at /uoc nao ve mat thong luting giua cac thiet /i dau cuoi ma chi co cac chuan tuy vao /ang thong co the cua mirth( /an than cac dau cuoi co the do do dieu chinh dugc chat luting cuoc goi. D +ang cao irng dung va $ha nang mo' rong& hoai va ;a. chi la cac ung dung $hoi

to dieu chinh he "o nen va

dau cho VoI'( cac lgi ich trong thai gian dai hon dugc mong dori tir cac irng dung da #huong tin )multimedia, va da dich vu. inh linh hoat cua mang I' cho #he# tao ra nhieu

tinh nang moi trong dich vu thoai. Dong thai tinh mem deo con tao $ha nang mo rong mang vA cac dich vu. D inh /ao mat cao& VolF dugc .ay dung tren nen tang Internet von $hong an to0n(

do do "e dan den $ha nang cac thong tin co the /i danh ca# $hi cac goi tin /i thu lucim hoac =inh tuyen "ai dia chi mot each co y $hi chung truyen tren mang. %ac giao thu" *I' )*e""ion ineitiation 'rotocol < giao thuc $hoi dau #hien, co the thanh mat ma va .ac nhan cac thong di# /ao hieu dau cuoi. G ' )Geal ime 'rotocol, ho trci ma thanh mat ma cua

#huong thirc truyen thong tren to0n tuyen duoc ma hod thanh mat ma dam /ao truyen thong an to0n. 1.2.4.2 +htroc diem

D %hat lining dich vu china cao& %ac mang "o lieu On di $hong #hai .ay dung vo6 mic dich truyen thoai thai gian thirc( vi vay $hi truyen thoai qua mang "o lieu cho chat lacing cuoc goi $hong ducic dam /ao trong truong ho# mang .ay ra tac nghen hoc co do tre lon. inh thai gian thirc cua tin hieu thoai doi hoi chat luting truyen du lieu cao va on dinh.

?ot yeu to lam giam chat lacing thoai nua la $y thuat nen de tiet $iem duong truyen. +eu nen .uong dung lacing cang tha# thi $y thuat nen cang #huc ta#( cho chat luting $hong cao va dac /iet la thai gian .ir ly "e lau( gay tre. D Van de tieng vong& +eu nhir trong mang thoai( do tre tha# nen tieng vong $hong anh huong nhieu thi trong mang I'( do tre l-n nen tieng vong anh huang nhieu den chat lacing thoai.

%huong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

D Ky thuat #h)rc ta#&

ruyen tin hieu theo thoi gian thuc tren mang chuyen mach

g4i la rat $h4 thuc hien do mat goi trong mang la $hong the tranh dugc va do tre $hong co dinh cua cac goi thong tin $hi truyen tren mang. De co dugc mot dich vu thoai cha# nhan dugc( can thiet #hai co mot $y thuat nen tin hieu dat dugc nhung yeu cau $hat $he& ti "o nen lon )de giam dugc toc do /it .uong,( co $ha nang "uy do0n va tao lai thong tin cua cac goi /i that lac... oc do .ir ly cua cac /o %odec )%oder and Decoder, #hai d4 nhanh

de $hong lam cuoc dam thoai /i gian doan. Dong thoi co "- ha tang cua mang cong can dugc nang ca# len cac cong nghe mai nhu >rame Gelay( A ?(... de co toc do cao hon hoc #hai co mot co the thuc hien chirc nang 9o* )9uality o; *ervice,. at ca cac dieu

nay lam cho $y thuat thirc hien dien thoai I' tro nen #huc ta# va $hong the thuc hien dugc trong nhung nam truoc day +goai ra c4 the $e den tinh #hut ta# cua $y thuat va van de /ao mat thong tin )do Internet n4i rieng va mang I' not chung von co tinh rong $ha# va hon ho#( $hong co gi /ao dam rang thong tin ca nhan dugc giu /i mat,. 1.2.6 Bu cau chat ltrong d OB vo'i VoI' u nhung nhugc diem chinh cua mang chuyen mach goi da dat ra nhung yeu cau cho VoI' nhu "au& D %hat lugng thoai #hai on dinh( do tre cha# nhan dugc. D ?ang I' co /an #hai da# ung dugc nhung tieu chi hoat dong $hat the gom giam thieu viec $hong cha# nhan cuoc goi( mat mat goi va mat lien lac. Dieu nay doi hoi ngay ca trong traang ho# mang /i nghen hoac $hi nhieu nguoi "u dung chung tai nguyen cua mang cong mot loc. D Viec /ao hieu co the tuong tac dugc voi /ao hieu cua mang '* +. D 9uan ly he thong an to0n( dia chi hoa va thanh to0n #hai dugc cung ca#( tot nhat la dugc ho# nhat vori cac he thong ho trg hoat dong '* +.

%huong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

1.! 1.!.1

Kien true vA cac thanh #han mang VoI' Kien truc tong quat mang VoI'
r"onal

(rn#utcr

clc#hnm

)&a/lc ?odcm

VoI' *erver I' 'hone I' 'hone

*ignaling

?edia

*ignaling 0*e %all #roceeding

%all 'roceeding

%onnect

%o %onnectA%K
<<< %onnect A%K

G ' ' )'

m er

%all

erminate %all
A%K

A%K

@inh 1.7 ?o hinh $in truc tong quan cua mang VoI' rong mo hinh nay 1a "ir co mat cua /a thanh #han chinh trong mang VoI' do la&

1H

%huang 1& ong quan ve VoI'

I' 'hone )hay con g)Fi la *o;t'hone,& la thiet /i giao din dau cuoi #hia nguoi dung voi mang VoI'. %au tao chinh cua mot I' 'hone gam hai thanh #han ch;nh& hanh #han /ao hieu mang VoI'& /ao hieu co the la @.!2! "ir dung giao thirc ID' hoc %' lam giao thi c truyen tai cua minh. %' hay *I' "ir dung

hanh #han truyen tai media& "ir dung

G ' de truyen lung media voi chat luo'ng thai gian thuc va dugc dieu $hien theo giao thi c G %'. VoI' *erver& chirc nang chinh cua *erver trong mang VoI' thy thuoc vao giao thirc /ao hieu dugc "ir dung. +hung ve mo hinh chung thi VoI' *erver thuc hien cac chirc nang "au& D Dinh tuyen /an tin /ao hieu trong mang VoI' D Dang $i( .ac thuc nguai "ir dung D Dich dia chi trong mang +oi %hung( VoI' *erver trong mang nhu la dau nao chi huy moi hoat dong cua mang. *erver co the t;ch ho# tat ca cac chirc nang )*o;t*0itch, hoc nam tach /iet tren cac *erver chic nang $hac nhau ) 2ocation *erver( Gegi"trar *erver( 'ro.y *erver(...,. 1.!.2 ?o hinh #han lo# chirc nang

Ve mat chirc nang( cong nghe VolF co the dugc chi lam /a lo# nhu "au&

2a# dieu $hien cugc goi

Giao dien m- va tuan theo chuan<<<<<<<<<< <..<<<

@inh 1.5

?o hinh #han ca# chirc nang rong

2o# co "o ha tang mang goi thirc hien chtrc nang truyen tai luu luoing thoai.

VolF( co "o ha tang 1a cac mang I'. Giao thtJc truyen tai thoi gian thirc G ' )Gealtime ran"#ort 'rotocol, $et ho# vai ID' va I' gid# truyen tai thong tin thoai qua mang I'. G ' chay tren ID'( con ID' hoat dong tren I' hinh thanh len co the truyen

G 'KID'KI' trong VoI'.

11

%huong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

rong cac mang I'( hien tuong cac goi I' that lac hoc den $hong theo thu thuong .uyen .ay ra. %o' the truyen

to

%'KI' $hac #huc viec mat goi /ang co' the truyen

lai $hong #hu ho# vori cac ling dung thai gian thuc von rat nhay cam vori tre. G ' vori throng tem thori gian )time"tam#, duoc dung de /en thu then /iet va .u li cac van de nhu tre(
"ir thay do do tre)Litter, va

"ir mat goi.

2o# dieu $hien cuoc goi thuc hien chuc nang /ao hieu( dinh hhong cuoc goi trong VoI'. *u #han tach giua mat #hang /ao hieu va truyen tai da duoc thuc hien u '* + voai /ao hieu $enh chung **6( nhung u day nhan manh mot thuc to co nhieu chuan /ao hieu

cho VoI' cling ton tai nhu @!2!( *I' hay *G%'K?G%' )*im#le Gate0ay %ontrol
'rotocolK ?edia Gate0ay %ontrol 'rotocol,. %ac giao thuc /ao hieu nay co the hoat dong cling nhau( duoc ling dung de #hu ho# vOi nhimg nhu cau cu the cua mang. +goai ra lo# nay con cung ca# chuc nang truy nha# trinh mo de #hat trien ling dung.
tai

dich vu /en tren cling nhu cac giao dien la#

2o# ling dung dich vu dam nhiem chuc nang cung ca# dich vu trong mang vol ca dich vu cu tuong

to nhu trong '*

+ va dich vu moii them vao. %ac giao din mo cho

#he# cac nha cung ca# #han mem doc la# #hat trien ra nhieu ling dung moi. Dac /iet la cac ling dung dua tren Be/( cac ling dung $et ho# giua thoai va du lieu( cac ling dung lien quan tai thuong mai dien tir. *u #han tach lo# dich vu lam cho cac dich vu moi duoc trien $hai nhanh chong. +goai ra( cac chuc nang nhu quart I;( nhan thuc cuoc goi va chuyen doi dia chi cling duoc thuc hien u lo# nay. Do cac giao then giua cac lo# la mo va tuan theo chuan( tao ra nhieu "ir lira chon $hi .ay dung thiet $e mang. Vi du( ling vol lo# co "O ha tang mang to co the dung cac router va "0itch cua hang %i"co( dieu $hien cuoc goi thuc hien /ang cac gate$ee#er cua Vocal ec va cac dich vu duoc cung ca# /ai "erver dich vu cua +et"#ea$. Do do mo hinh tren $hong chi co gia tri ve mat I; thuyet.

12

%huong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

1.!.!

%Ac thanh #han trong mang VoI'

@inh 1.4

%au hinh mang VoI' trong .u huong mang the he mo'i +G+

?ang VoI' #hai co $ha nang thuc hien cac chic nang ma mang then thoai cong cong thirc hien( ngoai ra #hai thirc hien chirc nang cua mot gate0ay giua mang I' va mang then thoai cong cong. "au day& 1 hiet /i dau cuoi $et not vori mang I'& 2a mot nut cuoi cong trong mang then hanh #han cua mang lien thoai I' co the gom cac #han tir

thoai I'( mot thiet /i dau cuoi co the cho #he# mot thue /ao trong mang I' thirc hien

cuoc goi. %uoc goi do "e dugc gate$ee#er ma dau cuoi hoc thue /ao da dang $y giam "at.
1 ?ang truy nha# I'& 2a cac loci mang du lieu "ir dung chong giao thirc %'KI'

trong do "ir dung giao thirc I' cho lo# mang )lo# !, con u lo# truy nha# mang )lo# 2, co the 1a giao thuc cua mang 2A+( .25( >rame Gelay( '''... 1 Gate0ay& 2a thie; /i co chirc nang $et not hai mang $hong giong nhau( hau het cac truong ho# do la mang I' va mang '* +. %o ! loai gate0ay la& Gate0ay truyen tai $enh thoai( Gate0ay dieu $hien truyen tai $enh thoai va Gate0ay /ao hieu. < Gate0ay /ao hieu )*GB< *ignalling Gate0ay,& chirc nang trung chuyen giua /ao hieu trong mang chuyen mach $enh )nhu 1a **6 hay G2, va /ao hieu trong mang I' )@.!2!,( #hi ho# hoat dong vori Gate0ay truyen tai va he thong quart ly mang. Gate0ay /ao hieu co the dung doc la# hoc co the $et ho# voi Gate0ay truyen tai thoai thanh mot Gate0ay duy nhat.

1!

%huoong 1& ong quan ve VoI'

< Gate0ay truyen tai $enh thoai) ?GB< ?edia Gate0ay,& %hirc nang chuyen doi $huon dang thong tin Ir thong tin ghe# $enh theo then gian ) D?, trong mang chuyen mach goi thanh cac goi tin I' va ngugc lai( nen tin hieu thoai )voice com#re""ion,( nen $hoang 2ang )"ilent com##re""ion, triet tieng vung )echo cancellation,. +goai ra con cung ca# cac giao then vat cho cac $et not cua cac mang )nhu AIK 1 voi mang chuyen mach $enh( ethernetK;rame relay voi mang I',. < Gate0ay dieu $hien truyen tai $enh thoai )?GB%<?edia Gate0ay %ontroller,& Vai tro nhu la #han tir $et not giua Gate0ay /ao hieu va gate$ee#er. +o nhan thong tin /ao hieu tir mang chuyen mach $enh thong qua gate0ay /ao hieu( tir mang I' thong qua gate$ee#er thuc hien viec dieu $hien gate0ay truyen tai $enh thoai. 1 Gate$ee#er& %o the .em gate$ee#er nhu la /o nao cua he thong mang dien thoai I'. +o cung ca# chirc nang quan ly cuoc goi mot cach ta# trung va mot "o cac dich vu quan trung $hac nhu la& nhan dang cac dau cuoi va gate0ay( quan ly /ang thong( chuyen doi dia chi )tir dia chi I' "ang dia chi A. 147 va ngugc lai,( dang $y hay tinh cuo'c...?oi gate$ee#er "e quan ly mot vung /ao gum cac dau cuoi da dang $y( nhung cung co the nhieu gate$ee#er cung quan ly mot vung trong truohng ho# mot vung co nhieu gate$ee#er. 1.7

Ket Muan chtrong

*u #hat trien nhay vot cua mang chuyen mach goi I' hien nay $hong chi dem lai cho

chung to nhung dich vu mai da dang ma con la ca hoi cai thin cac dich vu vien thong truo'c $ia voi chat luting tot hon va gia thanh re hon. ren co "o do( mang VoI' ra doi va

ngay cang da# irng tot hon cac yeu cau dat ra nhu chat luting dich vu( gia thanh( "o luting tich ho# cac dich vu thoai Ian #hi thoai.%huang 1 to da tim hieu $hai niem $ien truc mang VoI'( nhung uu( nhuoc diem cua mang VoI'( nhung yeu cau ve chat luting cua VoI' de dam /ao chat luting cuoc g9i. %huong 2 to "e tim hieu ve cac giao thirc truyen tai va /ao hieu trao doi giua cac thiet /i dau cuoi trong $et not VoI'.