INTRODUCTION TO BROADBAND

Networking Basics Overview Of NIB Broadband Network Installations Overview

NETWORKING BASICS

Computer Network
Computer network connects two or more autonomous computers.
The computers can be geographically located anywhere.

Types of Networks
LAN, MAN, WAN

Network in small geographical Area (Room, Building or a Campus) is called LAN (Local Area Network)
Network in a City is call MAN (Metropolitan Area Network) Network spread geographically (Country or across Globe) is called WAN (Wide Area Network)

LAN - MAN

WAN

Network Topology

Network Architecture

Peer-to-peer network

Network Architecture

Server-based network

Network Architecture

Client-based network

Network Hardware
Network Interface Card Ethernet NICs 10/100 NICs 100/100/1000 NICs

Network Hardware

HUB Hubs or repeaters

Network Hardware

SWITCH Types : L2 Switches, L3 Switches

Network Hardware
REPEATERS

Network Hardware
Bridge

Network Hardware

ROUTER Connect two or more networks Forward data packets between Decision taking Device

Network Hardware

Gateways A gateway is like a super-intelligent router. Gateways are designed to connect radically different networks. Slower than a bridge or router Perform complex functions such as interpreting both protocol and bandwidth conversion Example - Messaging gateway, which converts messages between different protocols.

Overview of NIB

18

19

A1 + A2 + A3 POPs IP MPLS Core Network

Jullunder
Core A3

Delhi Jaipur
Core A3

Lucknow
Core A3

Core A1

Patna Ahmedabad
Core A3
Core A2

Indore
Core A3

Core A1

Core A1

Mumbai

Pune

Core A2

Hyderabad
Core A2

Kolkatta

Mangalore
Core A1 Core A1
Core (P)

STM - 16 Link Cisco 12416 Router Cisco 12410 Router Cisco 12410 Router
20

Bangalore Chennai Ernakulam

Core A3

Core A2

Core A3

A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 POPs IP MPLS Core Network

Jullunder
Core A3

Chandigarh
Core A4

Delhi Jaipur
Core A3

Lucknow
Core A3

Core A1

Allahabad
Core A4

Guwahati
Core A4

Patna Ahmedabad
Core A3
Core A2

Indore
Core A3

Core A4

Nagpur
Core A4

Ranchi

Core A1

Raipur
Core A2

Core A1
Core A4 Core A4

Mumbai

Pune

Hyderabad
Core A2

Kolkatta Bhubaneshwar

Core A4

Core A4

STM - 1 Link STM - 16 Link

Core (P)

Mangalore

Vijayawada
Core A1 Core A1

Cisco 12416 Router Cisco 12410 Router Cisco 12410 Router Juniper M40e Router
21

Bangalore Chennai Ernakulam

Core A3

Core A2

Core A4

Coimbatore

Core A3

Core A4

Layer-2 Edge Network (Customer Interface) Edge routers in 71 cities connected to the core layer either locally through the Gigabit Ethernet interfaces or remotely through dual homed STM-1 links. A1 Cities- Chennai ,Mumbai, Bangalore, Delhi and Kolkata. A2 Cities- Hyderabad, Pune and Ahmedabad. A3 Cities- Lucknow, Jullundhar, Jaipur, Indore, Ernakulam and patna. A4 Cities- Coimbatore, Chandigarh, Allahabad, Guwahati, Ranchi,Bhubaneshwar, Raipur, Mangalore, Nagpur and Vijayawada. B1 Cities- 21nodes (Vizag in A.P.) B2 Cities- 26nodes (Rajamundry, Tirupati in A.P.)
22

Devices in A1 Cities:
Edge Router ------------ Cisco 7613 Core Router ------------ Cisco12416

Devices in A2 & A3 Cities:

Core Router ------------ Cisco12410 Edge Router ------------ Cisco 7613

Devices in A4 Cities:
Core Router ------------ Juniper M40 Edge Router ------------ Cisco 7613

Devices in B1&B2 Cities:

Edge Router ------------ Cisco 7613
23

BSNL NIB-2 Project1 Connectivity for A1 Cities (Chennai,Mumbai)

Remote PE Remote PE

Remote PE

STM-1 STM-1 STM-1

MPLS

Area 0

RR

B1/B2 B1/B2 PE PE B1/B2 PE

STM-1 Core A1 GE

P Router

IDC Edge

GE GE
PE (M40e

GE

GE

)
L4-L7 Sw

BRAS
Local PE(IPTAX)

Customer Edge
IP Network

Intl GW

NIB I

L3 Switch

FE Link

FE link GE link Interne t STM-1 Link STM-16 24

RAS

NIB-1 POP

IXP

FE Link

NIB-II Node Layout for B1 & B2 cities

Network Interface (STM-1)

Edge router

FE

RAS

NIB router

-I

E1s To PSTN exchanges

To leased line customers

25

Security Solution
AntiVirus Solution Notification Network Intrusion detection System

Control System
Self-protection Resource protection Rights delegation Program Controls
26

NIB- II DSL Broadband

Core router
FE Broadband RAS
BB

deployment

FE

SSSS

NOTE: Items indicated in dotted line boxes are not part of Project 2.2

GigE
Content Server

FE
GigE

GigE
Layer 2 GigE Aggregation SW

FE

SDH RING
B1 city B2 city

LAN Switch

Gig E & FE FE FE
240 Port DSLAM ADSL terminals
48 Port DSLAM

FE
24 Port DSLAM

GE
480 Port DSLAM

120 Port DSLAM

64 Port DSLAM

ADSL terminals

ADSL terminals

ADSL terminals
27

28

Security Solution
AntiVirus Solution Notification Network Intrusion detection System Control System Self-protection Resource protection Rights delegation Program Controls

29

Network structure of BB

Broadband Technologies
Broadband = High Speed, High Capacity Data Communication Technologies DSL, Cable Modem, Ethernet, Fixed Wireless Access, Optical Fiber, W-LAN, V-SAT

Broadband Technologies
Existing infrastructure DSL over Copper loop Cable Modem over Cable TV network Power Line Broadband Access New Infrastructure Fiber To The Home (FTTH) Hybrid Fiber Coaxial (HFC) Wireless Infrastructure Fixed Wireless Access (FWA) Wireless LAN (Wi-Fi) (802.11) V-SAT IMT-2000 (3G Mobile) High speed WLL

Copper Loop Technology

xDSL

Digital Subscriber Line

What is DSL?
Digital Subscriber Line (DSL) Modem-like technology Allows transmission of voice, video and data over existing Copper telephone lines at Megabit Speeds. Copper Lines - Local loop or the last mile from the Exchanges.

TYPES OF DSL

DSL comes in several different varieties, which are known collectively as xDSL.
ADSL (Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line)

SDSL (Symmetrical Digital Subscriber Line)

HDSL (High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line) IDSL (ISDN Digital Subscriber Line)

VDSL (Very high bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line)

Comparison of xDSL Systems

System
Up stream ADSL HDSL 16-640kbps 2-9 Mbps

Bandwidth
Down Stream 2-9 Mbps 2-9 Mbps

SDSL
VDSL RADSL

2-9 Mbps
2-9 Mbps 128kbps-1 Mbps

2-9 Mbps
13-53 Mbps 600kbps-7 Mbps

What is ADSL ?
Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - Uses G.dmt Up to 8 Mbps bandwidth downstream and up to 1 Mbps upstream.

Asymmetrical - Ideal for Internet/Intranet surfing, video-on-demand and remote local area network (LAN) access. Typically Download is more than Upload.

ADSL DMT Modulation

256 frequency bands of sub-carriers of 4 KHz bandwidth and spacing of 4.3 KHz. Each sub carrier can support maximum 15 bits/Hz. Depending on signal to noise Ratio for that sub carrier a decision is taken How many bits that particular sub carrier can Support. Each carrier can carry 0-15 bits/sec/Hz Carriers 1-6 for voice and guardband
Voice No of Bits Upstream Downstream

16

64

15

37

38

255

25

138 139

1104 276 kHz Downstream Pilot Tone

69 kHz Frequency (KHz) Upstream Pilot Tone

What is ADSL ?
Splitter To Separate Voice and Data Enables the Voice and Data simultaneously.

Full rate ADSL - Maximum range of 18,000 feet (about 3.4 miles, or 5.5 km) from the telecommunication provider company's central office to the end-user.

Benefits of ADSL

Always on Simultaneous Usage of Phone and Internet. Speed Upto 9 Mbps Dedicated Connection. Connection is highly Secure, compared to sharedmedia Cable Modem.

Broadband Components
DSL CPEs DSL AM LAN Switches : Tier-1 & Tier-2 BRAS RADIUS and LDAP SSSS Provisioning System

Broadband Network Interconnectivity Network elements EMS

Internet
PMS

CISCO S/W

BRAS

SSSC

SSSS TIER-1
MULTIMODE FIBER

TIER-2

TIER-2

SINGLEMODE FIBER

UTP Cable

DSLAM

CPE

DSLAM

CPE

BSNL Broadband
TV STB Splitter

CPE PC

LE
230V OFC Telephone DSLAM MDF

ADSL eqpt. DSLAM Splitter

Typical Connectivity from DSLAM

Telephone

Broadband Access using ADSL

PSTN
PHONE

INTERNET
DSLAM

Router
INTERNET ACCESS

ATM SW

CONTENT PROVIDER

VIDEO ACCESS VIDEO ON DEMAND SERVER

VIDEO ON DEMAND SERVER

21

DSLAM

MA5300

MA5105

DSLAM
DSLAM: DSL Access Multiplexer.
- Built in splitter - Voice - Normal conventional path through exchange - Data is aggregated and up linked through Ethernet Port (Gigabit Ethernet for 480 port and Fast Ethernet for lower DSLAM)

TIER 1 and TIER 2 SWITCH

T 1 Switch S8016

T 2 Switch S6506R

Tier 1 Switch
SFC : Switching Fabric Cards Data switching & clock 1:1 Hot backup E4GC : 4 nos.of GE optical ports in each cards : 7 nos. of such cards

EGFT : 16 nos.of FE optical ports in each cards : 2 nos. of such cards

Broadband RAS
SFU : Service Forwarding Unit - Interface Card in slot 1&2 nos. each with 2 nos. of GE ports ( Tx 0dB; Rx 25dB ) - Service Processing Unit (SPU ) in slot 3 SPU : System Processing Unit card in slot 3 SMU : Service Management Unit 2 nos. ( 1+1 ) hot standby in slot 9&10 Power supply 50v, D.C. 1000W

BRAS
Supports termination of DSL customers. Allotment of IP address to customer Bandwidth control using rate limiting Act as an edge router for terminating VPN traffic. Protocols: OSPF, BGP, MP-BGP and LDP Supports Lawful interception and monitoring

BRAS Architecture
Deployed at the edge of the NIB-II network Installed in all the A sites (except Mumbai). Total 23 Capacity of 8 Gbps (in A1 sites) and 4 Gbps (in other A sites) Can handle 480000 concurrent sessions (A1 sites)

Broadband by BSNL
Internet C Satellite TV VoD server GE Tier 1

BRAS
FE STM Ring

GE
TX room

GE

GE

GE
11

1 GE FE 240 Cu FE 120 Cu 480 Cu

FE 64 Cu

FE

FE Tier 2 (Durgapur)
DSLAM

Switch room

64

Cu CPE

TIER-1 & TIER-2 LAN SWITCH CONNECTIVITY OF PUNE

A2+A3 Nodes - 9

MKR DKD
Si

Si

TIER-2 SWITCH

MHS
Si

<40km GE Interface GE Interface GE Interface <40km

HDP
Si

CHD
Si

<40km

Si

TIER-2 SWITCH

Tier-1 LAN Switch MKR GE Interface <40km

MHS MHS
Si

TIER-2 SWITCH

YRD
Si

ADH

Si

Si

TIER-2 SWITCH

TIER-2(MHS) & DSLAM CONNECTIVITY OF PUNE

A2+A3 Nodes - 9

CTY (480 P) <10km FE FE Interface Interface Bhawani Peth(480 P)

ETH OVER SDH
Si

FE Interface TIER-2 SWITCH FE Interface

CTO

DARK FIBER

CANT(480 P)

MHS(480 P)

Installations Overview

56

Customer Premises Installation

Line RJ 11 Splitter RJ 11 RJ 11 ADSL RJ 45 Line Splitter RJ 11

RJ 11 RJ 11

RJ 11
RJ 45

ADSL RJ 45

RJ 11

Single User with Voice and Data Line RJ 11 RJ 11 RJ 11

Single User with Voice, Data and Video Splitter ADSL RJ 45

RJ 45 STB AV Port

Switch

Multi user Business Customer

Circuit Diagram of A POTS Splitter

DSL

highpass filter

LINE

Splitter Separates the 300 Hz to 3500 Hz voice channel from upstream and downstream channels Consists of a lowpass filter (LPF) for POTS and a highpass filter (HPF) for upstream/downstream channels Passive device Contains lighting protection circuitry

lowpass filter

TELE

CPE Installation
IP Address is allocated to PC By BRAS

Bridge Mode
CPE
DSLAM

T2 Switch T1 Switch PPPoE Session

BRAS

Router Mode
IP Address is allocated to CPE By BRAS
CPE
DSLAM

NAT
IP Address is allocated to PC By CPE

T2 Switch T1 Switch PPPoE Session

BRAS

Multi User Customer

ADSL Port on DSLAM Should allow that many MAC addresses

Bridge Mode
DSLAM

CPE

T2 Switch T1 Switch Switch

BRAS

Multi User Customer

IP Address is allocated to PCs By BRAS

If a user is allowed to login multiple sessions with BRAS with same password, every machine establishes a separate PPPoE Session with BRAS. Every machine Gets full bandwidth for that account provided CPE DSLAM Link supports that.

CYBER CAFE
Router Mode
NAT
CPE
DSLAM

T2 Switch Switch PPPoE Session

T1 Switch

BRAS

Multi User Customer

IP Address is allocated to PCs By CPE

In this mode PPPoE is configured on CPE and only One session is established between CPE and BRAS. CPE gets IP Address from BRAS. DHCP in CPE Allocates IP addresses to machines. In this case all The machines share the bandwidth allowed for that Account. CPE has to do NAT also.

Summary
Networking Basics Overview Of NIB Broadband Network Installations Overview