1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.



() :





:
 ,
glandulae sine ductibus (PNA)
 ()




:


o
o







:

 :






 :
 Langerhans
 :
o
o ( Leydig)
o


( ):


:










:

 :






 :
 Langerhans
 :
o
o ( Leydig)
o


( ):


:








 , hypophysis

, hypophysis
(Lat. glandula pituitaria):





sella turcica
diaphragma sellae

infundibulum

:

 ~0.5 g (>1 g multipara)
 :
 8-10 mm
 12-15 mm
 5-6 mm

 -
5



:

 ,
adenohypophysis (lobus anterior):
 pars distalis 75%
 pars intermedia
 pars tuberalis

 ,
neurohypophysis (lobus posterior):
 lobus nervosus 25%
 infundibulum
o pedunculus infundibularis
o eminentia mediana



:


 Rathke 6 ..


diencephalon



:

 , endocrinocyti chromophobi:
 50-60%
 (12-15)


 , endocrinocyti chromophili:

 , endocrinocyti acidophili 30-40%

 STH
 ( )
 , endocrinocyti basophili 4-10%
 FSH LH
 TTH TSH
 ACTH MSH ()



:

 , pituicyti:

 25%

  Herring
 - , synapses axovasculares
 :
o

(ADH)
o
o

Pars intermedia 2%:


MSH ()


Rathke

Pars tuberalis 2%:


9

NB: !
10



,
vasa sanguinea hypophysis:
 aa. hypophyseales superiores

(a. carotis int.; circulus arteriosus cerebri)

 aa. trabeculares



 eminentia mediana
rete capillare primarium
 vas longum et vas breve
portale hypophysis
 vasa capillaria
sinusoidea adenohypophysis

 aa. hypophyseales inferiores

(a. carotis interna)

 vasa capillaria neurohypophysis

:
 vv. hypophyseales  sinus cavernosus
11

-


:
 nucleus ventromedialis
 nucleus dorsomedialis
 nucleus infundibularis


releasing- inhibitory-

 rete capillare primarium

eminentia mediana
 ,
vv. portae hypophysis

:

 nucleus supraopticus et paraventricularis

 tractus supraopticohypophysialis
 tractus paraventriculohypophysialis
 - ,
Herring

12

, epiphysis cerebri

, epiphysis
(Lat. glandula s. corpus pineale):





epithalamus
colliculi superiores
habenulae
commissura habenularum
 recessus pinealis
 7 ;
14-.

:
 -
()
 ~120 mg
 :
 5-8 mm
 3-5 mm
 5-6 mm

 -
13



, parenchyma :
 (),
endocrinocyti pineales:





()

, stroma :
 , gliocyti centrales:

 5-10%
o

 :
 , nervus conarius
o neurofibra perivasculares .
o

 , acervulus cerebri (corpora aranacea)


 1 mm
 
 

14

 , glandula thyroidea

, glandula thyroidea:







-

C6-Th1




-


:

 20-40 g
 :
 3 cm
 - 2 cm
 5 cm
 -
15



:
 :
 lobus sinister et lobus dexter

 , isthmus gl. thyroideae

 1-1.5 cm
 -V

 , lobus pyramidalis




 ductus thyroglossus

 gll. thyroideae accessoriae

 capsula fibrosa
 lamina pretrachealis
 , lobuli
16



:



 ductus thyroglossus
6 ..



 11 ..

V
( )

17



, parenchyma:
 , folliculi gl. thyroideae






20-30 .
, d=35-500 m
, colloidum
3

, rete capillare perifolliculare
 :
o ,
,

T3 T4 ()
TTH

o ,
,
C-

18

19

 ,
glandulae parathyroideae

,
glandulae parathyroideae:
 gll. parathyroideae superiores

V

 gll. parathyroideae inferiores











,

:

 30-50 mg
 :
 6 mm
 3-4 mm
 2-3 mm


20



, parenchyma :

, :
 , endocrinocyti principales
o
o

 () ,
endocrinocyti oxyphilicae (acidophilicae)
o 7-
o 3%
o -
o



 -
21




:

 a. thyroidea superior (a. carotis externa)

 a. thyroidea inferior (truncus thyrocervicalis)
 a. thyroidea ima 10%
(truncus brachiocephalicus)

:

 v. thyroidea superior et
v. thyroideae mediae  v. jugularis interna
 v. thyroidea inferior  plexus thyroideus impar
 v. brachiocephalica sinistra

22

 to be continued

....
23