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(Jeremy A. Greene, MD, PhD Niteesh K.Choudhry, MD, PhD Aaron S. Kesselheim, MD, JD, MPH Troyen A. Brennan, MD
William Shrank, MD, MPP, Changes in Direct-to-Consumer Pharmaceutical Advertising Following Shifts From
Prescription-Only to Over-the-Counter Status ,, JAMA, September 12, 2012Vol 308, No. 10)

,

(Sharfstein JM, North M, Serwint JR. Over the counter but no longer under theradarpediatric cough and cold medications.
N Engl J Med. 2007;357(23):2321-2324)

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on-line ,

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(C. Olesen*,P. Harbig,I. Barat ,E. M. Damsgaard C ,Absence of over-the-counter medicinal products in
on-line prescription records: a risk factor of overlooking interactions in the elderly, ,
Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety, Volume 22, Issue 2, pages 145150, February 2013 )

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(Bell HM, McElnay JC, Hughes CM. Societal perspectives on the role of the community pharmacist and
community-based pharmaceutical services. J Soc Admin Pharm 2000; 17: 119-28)

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(According to a survey carried out in Ireland (TNS mrbi Survey Study, 2005) one in three people do not read the
instructions included on the packaging of NPMs, and nearly 50% do not read the instruction leaflet )

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(Andrea Calamusa a , Alessandra Di Marzio a , Renza Cristofani b, Paola Arrighetti c Vincenzo Santaniello c Simona Alfani Annalaura
Carducc ,Factors that influence Italian consumers understanding of over-the-counter Medicines and risk perceptionPatient
Education and Counseling, volume 87, Issue 3 , Pages 395-401, June 2012)

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(Christiane Eickhoff, Andrea Hmmerlein,Nina Griese,Martin Schulz, Nature and frequency of drug-related problems in self-medication
(over-the-counter drugs) in daily community pharmacy practice in Germany, Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety Volume
21, Issue 3, pages 254260, March 2012)

17

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. 50% 57 85 ,
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(Qato, D. M., Alexander, G. C., Conti, R. M., Johnson, M., Schumm, P., &
Lindau, S. T. (2008). Use of prescription and over-the-counter medications
and dietary supplements among older adults in the United States.
Journal of the American Medical Association, 300, 2867)

18

5/4/2013

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(Hu, Z., Yang, X., Ho, P. C. L., Chan, S. Y., Heng, P. W. S., Chan, E., . . .
Zhou, S. (2005). Herbdrug interactions: A literature review. Drugs, 65,
12391282)

19

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5/4/2013

Perceptions of the Value of Pharmacist

Services
Very Somewhat Uncertain Not Very Not at all No. Of Respond.

First place for adviceon where to go

Reducing medicationexpenses

Reducing number/doseof medications

Avoiding/minimizingside effects

Improving patientcompliance

Advice on using vitamins and OTCs

Advice on usingalternative therapy

Work with providers tomanage overall care

Offering basiclaboratory services

Provide immunizations

Offering basic healthservices

Managing medicationsfor specific diseases

5.0% 45.9% 28.6% 17.3% 3.3% 399

48.5% 21.5% 1.5% 23.3% 5.3% 400
49.3% 20.8% 1.3% 23.8% 5.0% 400
49.8% 20.5% 1.3% 23.5% 5.0% 400
49.5% 20.3% 1.3% 23.8% 5.3% 400
54.3% 33.3% 1.5% 8.0% 3.0% 400
14.0% 22.8% 15.3% 38.3% 9.8% 400
5.5% 16.5% 22.0% 49.3% 6.8% 400
21.8% 18.8% 8.0% 45.5% 6.0% 400
29.0% 21.8% 5.3% 37.3% 6.8% 400
22.0% 20.0% 6.0% 45.8% 6.3% 400
6.5% 14.3% 18.5% 54.5% 6.3% 400

(Dennis H. Tootelian PhD , Lynn W. Rolston BS & Michael J. Negrete

PharmD (2006): Consumer Receptiveness to Non-Traditional Roles for Community
Pharmacists, Health Marketing Quarterly, 23:1, 43-56)

22

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(Dennis H. Tootelian PhD , Lynn W. Rolston BS & Michael J. Negrete

PharmD (2006): Consumer Receptiveness to Non-Traditional Roles for Community
Pharmacists, Health Marketing Quarterly, 23:1, 43-56)

23

5/4/2013

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-(Pierce JP, Gilpin E. Impact of over-the-counter sales on effectiveness of pharmaceutical aids for smoking
cessation. The Journal of the American Medical Association 2002;288(10):12604).
-(Thorndike AN, Biener L, Rigotti NA. Effect on smoking cessation of switching nicotine replacement therapy to
over-the-counter status American Journal of Public Health 2002;92(3):43742).

27

5/4/2013

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(Carola Bardage , Tommy Westerlund , Sahra Barzi , Cecilia Bernsten, Non-prescription medicines for pain and
feverA comparison of recommendations and counseling from staff in pharmacy and general sales stores,
Health Policy , volume 110, Issue 1 , Pages 76-83, April 2013)

28

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29

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