1.

It is a surface phenomenon and refers to the

uniform distribution of a substance through another at the surface e.g. solution of H2 in Pd. 2. It is the phenomenon in which a layer of ions, molecules or aggregates of molecules condense upon the surface with which they come in contact. 3. It is defined as the concentration of a substance at the interface or boundary between heterogeneous phases e.g. solid/ gas or two immiscible liquids

Adsorbate
It is the substance which is adsorbed at

the surface of another substance Examples are: gases, dyes, water vapors etc.

Adsorbent
It is the substance which adsorbs the other

substance at its surface. Examples are: activated charcoal, bone charcoal, alumina, silica gel, kaolin and fillers earth.

Order Of Adsorption
I. Liquid/ Solid adsorption

II. Solid/ Gas adsorption

III. Liquid/ Gas adsorption IV. Liquid/ Liquid adsorption

Positive adsorption Negative adsorption

Sorption

How adsorption occurs

Types of Adsorption
Vander walls or physical adsorption Chemisorption

Factors effecting the adsorption

Solubility of adsorption Nature of Adsorbate Nature of adsorbent Concentration of adsorbent Pressure Temperature pH Affinity between adsorbent and adsorbate Stirring

Pharmaceutical Applications of adsorption

1. Activated charcoal 2. Physiological Importance 3. Purification 4. Preparation of Vitamin B1 5. Gas masks 6. Heterogeneous Catalysts 7. Bacterial filtration 8. Solid-liquid chromatography 9. Emulsification 10.Decolonization 11.Adsorption of water vapors

Lecture by:

Dr. Muhammad Akbar