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h Sanhmphvkhpq]o a`ri`j_emkq`h 3vo 23mnmyk k` r3mq\lmrk xjmro qmro `kgnz3mro qfo bfo i`h k` qmro 2dhzpmrk `3x 7,5 chpdi`qm22ynh` pd 600 di`qm22ynh`. Frqmyo qmro tndh\emkq`h bh` q` gdj^2`q` qmro. ?snmkdo, \snmkdo 3nmp3`g^p`qd k` sq\pdqd qmk Ldx 2d qmk 3ynbm G`a]j, 2h`o i`h cdk qmk sq\p`qd a`jg^i`qd k` Ldm3mh^pdqd qmk d`rqx p`o 3vo d_pqd m 3dnhmyphmo j`xo. Vqfn_edpqd pq` l]k` tn^2`q` 3mr i`q`in`qd_qd. 5dk g` bkvn_emrk 3vo mh `kv2`j_do r3\ntmrk bh` k` qho dlhpmnnm3myk mh m2`jxqfqdo. Cpmh 3nmp3\gfp`k vo `hgdnma\2mkdo d3din\qfp`k pd mnhp2]k` 2]nf qfo bfo. Pdpmrn\kfp`k i`h 2dq\ q_3mq`. Znrpmyo `hzk qmr Tdnhij]mro `3mhih`i\ in\qf `3x ?bbjmro H\jjmro Tmnqmb\jmro, Mp3`kmyo. Wmrnimin`q_` Zhqjdnmin`q_`, F2dnhi`kmin`q_` Uvpmin`q_` i`h qzn` mh Sanhm_ 2dpmrn\kfp`k bh` tnxkh`. ?nthpd f i\gmcmo i`h cdk qm 3^n`k t`23\nh 3mr g` qdjdhzpdh 2d qfk d3hid_2dkf d3_gdpf pqm Mn\k i`h Mn\i. P`e_ qmro mh Sanhm_ g` 3`n`pynmrk i`h qm prkmkgyjdr2` qvk j`zk qmro F2dnhi`kmyo. Pf an_pimkq`o chi`hmjmb_` d3_gdpfo \nthp`k n`chmrnb_do 2ft`kmbn`s_do p`q`khi\ i`q`pidr\p2`q` pimqdhkzk crk\2dvk i`q\ qvk 2hinzk i`h `kr3dn\p3hpqvk j`zk. Wzn` `3]iqfp`k ]k` q_qjm `ix2f qmr 3`bixp2hmr 3mjhqhimy `3`qdzk` ch` qmr r3mrnbmy dlvqdnhizk qvk KTF i N]nr. Znfph2m3m_fpd svqmbn`s_do 3mr ]ab`jd m svqmbn\smo (.)- D+ ce^PgW[S cdY^ cW]RVS 2

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Rdb]j`p`k qmro F2dnhi`kmyo i`h qmro 3^n`k qmk mnriqx qmro 3jmyqm, 3mjyqh2mro j_gmro djds`kqmpqmyk. Pdq\ ]pqdhj`k pqn`qx xq`k \nthp`k k` `kqhcnmyk mh `rqxtgmkdo i`h b]2hpd f Fsnhi^ 3qz2`q`. Vqfk Vrn_` cdk r3\ntmrk Sanhm_ myqd qn\3dedo `rqzk ]qph cdk 23mnmyk k` dj]blmrk qfk mhimkm2_` qfo Tdnp_`o `3maj]3mkq`o pq` 3dqn]j`h`. Wmro ]a`j`k jmh3xk pd d2syjhm. N`h d2d_o aj]3mr2d q` qn`_k` k` 3dnkmyk. Sh _chmh mnb\kvp`k i`h 3n`b2`qm3m_fp`k qfk 3qzpf qvk chcy2vk 3ynbvk, vo `3xcdhlf, qfk f2]n` did_kf 4.000 Sanhm_ i`q`pqf2`q\ntdo i`h r3\jjfjmh cdk 3^b`k pqmro c_cr2mro 3ynbmro 3mr ^q`k f cmrjdh\ qmro, j]qd k` ^q`k py23qvpf; Tnmo qm 3`nzk `3]qrt`k k` dkmtm3mh^pmrk qfk Vrn_` ]tmrk `kmhtq]o 3xnqdo 3mj]2mr bh` qfk Ijj\c`, Mmnc`k_`, O_a`km. Y`k`qhim_ Pmrpmrj2\kmh d_3`k 3vo pqfk Wmrni_` di3`hcdymrk Vynhmro i`h 2dq\ qmro pq]jkmrk pqfk Vrn_` vo `kq\nqdo. Cjmh pqn`22]kmh i`q\ qmr ?p`kq qfk `k`i`qvpmyn` pqfk P]pf Fk`qmj^ i`h pqfk F_br3qm. Vqfk Ijj\c` d_k`h 3\kv `3x 2 di`qm22ynh` 2mrpmrj2\kmh mh 3dnhppxqdnmh Wmynimh. ?jjmh qxpmh Fja`km_ ih `3x \jj` in\qf. I2d_o x2vo vo `k`_pgfq` 2vn\ `3mj`2a\kmr2d pqfk %& q` 2hdn\ i`qmngz2`q` qvk Sanhzk pqmk ixp2m i`h msg`j2mqrsjmy2d bh` q` t`n\qph` qfk `kdnb_` qfk 2d_vpf 2hpgzk qho `3mjypdho i`h 3mr pd j_bm g` `k`i`jyumrk tn]f bh` k` 2`o 3\nmrk p3_qh` `rqmi_kfq` i`h i\gd d_cmro hchmiqfp_` :0`cdj]`e ?Wjf[]`b

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n`3]23dh pqho `j^pqmr 2k^2fo 3n`iqhi]o 3mcfb]qfpfo i`h ch`3x23drpfo did_kvk 3mr ]tmrk qm `k\pqf2` k` `kqhpq]imkq`h i`h k` 2fk r3mq\ppmkq`h, vo \amrj` xkq`, pq` idjdyp2`q` 2h`o `jjm3nxp`jjfo i`h ef2hmbxk`o bh` qmk qx3m 3mnd_`o. Cpm cd bh` qho s`hcn]o <imnzkdo= 3dn_ \gjhvk pdk`n_vk, d3htdhnf2`qhizk pr2sdnxkqvk i`h s`ji_cdrpfo qmr 2]jjmkqmo qmr kfphmy, g]jv k` qmr r3dkgr2_pv qf j`wi^ n^pf xqh :pqm p3_qh qmr ind2`p2]kmr cdk 2hj\kd bh` pimhk_;. P_` 2`qh\ pqmk i`gn]3qf d_k`h `nidq^ bh` k` `k`bkvn_pdh qmk cn\pqf. Vd xqh 2d `smn\, cdk bkvn_ev qho 3nmg]pdho qmr i. V3ynmr Nmrqpmyimr, `jj\ di3j^ppm2`h drt\nhpq` k` 2`g`_kv `3x qmk i.Wp`a`n^ xqh f k]` qmr 3mjhqhi^ d3hjmb^ d_k`h m prkcr`p2xo 2mr. W]jmo, g]jv k` qmk_pv xqh ]k` q]qmhm dkcdtx2dkm 3dnh3mhd_ 2db\jf qh2^ ih drt\nhpqf d_cfpf bh` qmk prkcr`p2x 6Nmkq\ pqm 5f2xqf7. S i. V3ynmo Nmrqpmyimo, vo Hn`22`q]`o qmr 5f2mqhimy Vr2amrj_mr d3]cdhld ^gmo, dr3n]3dh` i`h `2dnmjfu_` i`q\ qfk dk\pifpf qvk i`gfixkqvk qmr, bh`rqx i`h d3`kdij]tgfid SPSY4QF pqf kdrn`jbhi^ `rq^ g]pf. F3mqdjd_ cd 3`n\cdhb2` 3nmo 2_2fpf. Tnmpv3hi\, g` ^2mrk 3mjy drqrt^o k` prkdnb`pqz 2`e_ qmr pqf prjjmbhi^ 3nmp3\gdh` `k`b]kkfpfo ih dlrb_`kpfo qmr 5^2mr. Vd m3mh`c^3mqd x2vo 3dn_3qvpf, gdvnz \invo d3mhimcm2fqhi^ ih d3hadajf2]kf qfk 3`nmrp_` qmr pqm 5f2mqhix Vr2amyjhm. Vdax2dkf qfk x3mh` d3hjmb^ qmr, dytm2`h mjxurt` i`j^ d3hqrt_`. V`j`2_k` 28/10/2013 H`k]S DO^^`e K0`hQf[S 2Q/Sag`b IS]S/R^Sb

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x3mr py2svk` 2d qm pt]chm qfo d3_gdpfo ]3nd3d 3nzq` k` i`q`j\amrk qm yuv2` 350 pqm ch\idkm qvk mtrnzk Umy3dj-N`n`q\o. Hh` k` 2fk i`q`jfsgd_ qm yuv2` 3mj]2fp`k, f ch2mhn_` qmr srj`i_mr Nmyj`o, i`h qmr 3mr jxtmr 3nmi\jrufo. Wm MM/125 q\b2` 3jfp_`pd, pqho 06.40, qm yuv2` 350 i`h qm i`q]j`ad 2d `hskhch`pqhi^ d3_gdpf, `imjmrgmy2dkm `3x qm MMM/125. I3_gdpf qmr MMM/125 bdn2`khimy q\b2`qmo Ii2dq`jjdrx2dkmh qho 3qrtzpdho qmr dc\smro, mh Hdn2`km_ ]sg`p`k pd `3xpq`pf 200 2. `3x q` ]nb` qmr mtrnmy Umy3dj. Sh r3dn`p3hpq]o qmr mtrnmy 2`e_ 2d qfk am^gdh` qmr N`n`q\o i`h qmr 3rnmamjhimy i`q\sdn`k k` `3minmypmrk i`h qfo qndho d3hg]pdho qmr q\b2`qmo. 5hd_pcrpf qmr MM/125 bdn2`khimy q\b2`qmo pq` kzq` qmr Umy3dj. Sh Hdn2`km_ qmr MM/125 q\b2`qmo r3maj^gfi`k pd 3`nx2mhdo cmih2`p_do, `jj\ ^q`k m 2xkmo 3n`b2`qhixo i_kcrkmo bh` qho djjfkhi]o crk\2dho i`g= xjmh qfk ch\nidh` qmr `bzk`.

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h b_kdq`h p= `rqx qm brk`hid_m 2mk`pq^nh; Tmjj\ 3`n\ldk` 3mr 3n]3dh k` `3`kqfgmyk. Tmhmo ^q`k m gnfpidrqhixo dbi]s`jmo 3mr ]cvpd dkqmj^ k` `cdh\pmrk qmk q\sm qfo 2mk`t^o P`i`nhpq^o T`n`pidr^o i`h k` g\umrk pqmk _chm tznm qfk Kbmr2]kf P`i`nhpq^ Znhpqmky2sf; Cj` q` 2mk`pq^nh` `jj\ i`h pqm ?bhm Cnmo cdk g\amrk qmk ]k`k pqfk g]pf qmr \jjmr `jj\ pd ldtvnhpqx q\sm. Ph` axjq` pqm kdinmq`sd_m qfo 2mk^o Y`kdnv2]kfo ch` qm 3hpqxk. @k`o 5dp3xqfo 3mr ^q`k pqfk q`s^, cdk \sfpd qmro 3`ndrnhpim2]kmro k` dhp]jgmrk pqmk tznm i`h ah`exq`k `k sybdh. Wh `3]bhk`k mh dhixkdo `3x qmk ?h Hh\kkf qmk N`jra_qf ih xj` q` Mdn\ pidyf; Hh`q_ qxpf dbi`q\jdhuf pqmk 3`k\nt`hm `rqx Q`x; Vqm 2mk`pq^nh d_td andgd_ ]k` \b`j2`, qm d_td 3\ndh m 5dp3xqfo Nfshp_`o, \n`bd 3mr an_pidq`h; W` i`kqfj]nh`, i`kq^jdo ih xj` q` 3`jh\ Mdn\ pidyf qmr Fb_mr Qhimj\mr; Wh `3]bhk`k crm dhixkdo 30 Z 70 3dn_3mr, `bhmbn`s_do qmr Fb_mr Cnmro hchmiqfp_`o 2mr; I_t` 3`n`i`j]pdh qfk Kbmr2]kf k` qho drjmb^pmrk i`h 2xjho sqh\lv pqm p3_qh 2mr diijfp\ih k` qho 3\nv. Fk d_k`h crk`qxk, k` t\kmkq`h 2]p` `3x qm 2mk`pq^nh dhixkdo ih \jj` `kqhid_2dk`. N\3mhmh dpvqdnhim_ prkqdjdpq]o 3mr `b`3myk q` dbixp2h` 3nms`kzo `ch`sxnfp`k. O]kd pqfk M. Pmk^ 3vo r3dygrkmo (3nmwpq\2dkmo) d_k`h 3. 5f2^qnhmo qfo Fb. G`na\n`o. @i`k` ptdqhix ]bbn`sm pqfk M. Pfqnx3mjf Pdb\nvk i`h V`j`2_kmo. N\3mhmo n`pmsxnmo ch`a\emkq`o qm `_qf2` 2mr gy2vpd (i`kmkhi\ ]3nd3d k` ijd_pdho n`kqdamy, dcz 2`o `3dhjd_o) i`h 2d ]ab`jd ]lv `3= qm bn`sd_m qfo Pfqnm3xjdvo 2]tnh k` 2mr czpmrk qmk `nhg2x 3nvqmixjjmr. Mcmy q` tnfpq\ ^gf qmr Fnth2`kcn_qf! P3\pqd piyjmh ih `j]-

p`qd ih `jdpqhi\ 2f c_kdq`h 2h` i`h m 5dp3xqfo G`ngmjm2`_mo 3mr 2d `_qfpf qmr `nkd_q`h k` 3`ndrn_pidq`h pqfk Mdn\ Vykmcm. Fsmy cdk 23mnd_ `o 3`n`hqfgd_ ]qph ih `jjhzo 3n]3dh k` b_kdh Pfqnx3mjf V`j`2_kmo. S ?bhmo Qhixj`mo 3mr mjhpg`_kdh 3nmo qm n]2` ]tdh pihpqd_ m pidjdqxo i`h q` 2\n2`n`. N`q= `nt^k q` idjh\ 3nmo qfk nd2`qh\ ]tmrk bind2hpqd_ snxkqhp` 2]pv qmr `kqhcf2\ntmr qxqd i Q_imr Fb`3_mr 2d qfk py2svkf bkz2f qmr cf2\ntmr i P`in^ 3^b`2d qndho smn]o 2d qm chix 2mr `rqmi_kfqm pqm 2mk`pq^nh i`h 2d 2ft`khimyo bh` k` cmrk 2xkmh qmro qho ef2h]o i`h qm qh 3n]3dh k` b_kdh. Wm cf2mqhix pr2amyjhm V`j`2_k`o qxqd dk]inhkd crm smn]o `3x 10 di`qm22ynh` bh` qfk `3mi`q\pq`pf qvk ef2hzk. Vrk]pqfp` pqfk qxqd 2mk`t^ (Kbmr2]kf) T`n`pidr^ q` tn^2`q` k` 23mrk pqfk qn\3de` i`h k` 3`_nkmrk 2d qfk 3nxmcm qvk dnb`phzk i`h 2d crm r3mbn`s]o. C2vo q` jdsq\ cdk ]sq`p`k 3mq]! N`q\ py23qvpf did_km qmk i`hnx tqhexq`k pqmk ?bhm Pfk\ qm 3kdr2`qhix i]kqnm, m cvnfq^o qmr mhim3]cmr ]cvpd tn^2`q` bh` k` tqhpqd_, x2vo m c^2mo 3j^nvpd q` qph2]kq`. K Kbmr2]kf Znhpqmky2sf `3x 3`hcmyj` ih vo q` bdn\2`q\ qfo i`q]a`hkd 2d q` 3xch` xjm qm amrkx bh` k` 3mrj^pdh dhixkdo gr2_`2` im23mpim_kh` ij3 I_td prbidkqnzpdh 3\kv `3x 10 di`qm22ynh`, qfk pr2amyjdrp` k` 2fk q` t`j\pdh bh` qfk d3hpidr^ qmr M. Q`my bh`q_ d_t`k dbinhgd_ tn^2`q` `3x qmk c^2m V`j`2_k`o i`h k` q` in`q^pdh bh` qho `k\bido qfo Mdn\o Pmk^o 3mr 3mjj]o smn]o cdk d_t`k myqd uv2_ k` s\kd. W` tn^2`q` `rq\ 3vo 3\ngfi`k `3x qfk qn\3de` i`h 3mr 3^b`k. Ik i`hnz g` prkdt_pv k` bn\sv jd3qm2]ndhdo i`h bh= \jj` bdbmkxq`. F3mpqxjmr Ldxshjmo

bdn2`khi^ d3_gdpf dicfjzgfid pqho 05.15 qfo 6fo F3nhj_mr. Hh` qmk i`kmkhp2x qvk amjzk 3rnmamjhimy d_td 2dq`sdngd_ pq` axndh` qmr Vqnr2xk` ]k` c]p2hm pqf bf `dnxpq`qm, f 3`nmrp_` qmr ^q`k 3nmijfqhi^ i`gzo f djjfkhi]o crk\2dho pqdnmyp`k `3x `dnm3mnhi^ i\jruf. Ij\thpq` jd3q\ `nbxqdn` \nthp`k mh d3hg]pdho `3x `dnmpi\sf pqmyi`o, pqxtmo qmro diqxo `3x qm mtrnx ^q`k i`h qm N]kqnm Fkq_pq`pfo N`3_k`o. bdn2`khi^ d3_gdpf pq` `k`qmjhi\ qmr Umy3dj. Vq` `k`qmjhi\ qmr `nhpqdnmy r3mqm2]` qmr Vrbinmq^2`qmo Vhcfnmi\pqnmr ]cn`p`k q` q\b2`q` MM/125 & MMM/125,

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3_efjmo q_qjmo 3mr ]tdh `k\bif `3x pma`nmyo fghimyo i`h pq`gdnmyo pqho `3xudho i`h pqho dk]nbdhdo. Sh 3nmp3\gdhdo qmr qdn\pqhdo `k\jmb` 2d q` `3mqdj]p2`q`. C2vo d2d_o `3= ]lv aj]3mr2d 3vo d_k`h 3`n`bivkhp2]kmo `3x qmk imr23\nm qmr i`h c^2`ntm i Hh\kkf Wp`a`n^. 5dk qmk aj]3mr2d k` d_k`h i`h qxpm

drt`nhpqf2]kmo. Bpvo k` `k`gdvn^pdh qfk cf2mqhi^ qmr g]pf dkxudh dijmbzk. T\kqvo d_k`h qm i`q= dl`_ndpf 3nxpv3m 3mr t`_ndh diqh2^pdvo `3= qmro V`j`2_khmro. Il \jjmr d_k`h bkvpqxo bh` qfk 3mjhqhi^ qmr pq` qdiq`hkx2dk` qmr kfphmy. Tnvqdnb\qfo pqho `3dnb_do, ]3`hld pma`nx nxjm xq`k m 2`i`nhpqxo Znhpqxcmrjmo ^gdjd k` i\kdh pqm c\pmo qfo Y`kdnv2]kfo mhi^2`q` shjmldk_`o `jjmc`3zk ixamkq`o i`q= `nt^k 300 3dyi` . ?Wjf[]`b :0`cdj]`e

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`n\ q` ps\j2`q` qmr m `cdjsxo Hh\kkfo 3]sqdh `3x qm ]k` j\gmo pqm \jjm, qh k` 3v; Fk]afid qxpm ufj\ i`h g` 3^n`k `]n` q` 2r`j\ qmr ]qph ]bhkd `hgdnma\2vk. Cq`k ]bhkd qm cf2mqhix pr2amyjhm bh` qm \kmhb2` qmr kq`2`nhmy qfo Wmynj`o i`h g` 3mrjmypd 1 drnz qm irahix qm `22mt\jhim ]bn`u` jmh3xk xqh d_k`h i\qh pimqdhkx i`h y3m3qm bh`q_ dbz `bmn\ev 2d 20 drnz qm irahix bdj\ dho a\nmo qmr i`h qm d23nh2] dn_shm. Vrbidinh2]k` `3x qmk Hdkhix Hn`22`q]` qfo 3dnhs]ndh`o Fqqhi^o 5f2^qnf N`jmbdnx3mrjm ]s`bd qfk 3nzqf s\3` ldrq_j`o. Wmr `iynvp`k xj` q` y3m3q` 3`n`2ygh` bh` qm j`qm2d_m, chifbxnmro. Cq`k szk`e`k pqm cf2mqhix pr2amyjhm chifbxnmro diqxo V`j`2_k`o dkz m c^2`ntmo ]tdh ]22hpgmro Tzo k` dlfb^pmr2d qho mrqm3_do i`h s`kq`phzpdho bh` i`q dl`imjmygfpf 3`n\km2vk i`h y3m3qvk `3ms\pdvk. @qph `irnzgfid 2d `3xs`pf (198/2013 SI x3vo 224/20135V) i`h qzn` g` 3n]3dh k` 3jfnzpdh `3x qfk qp]3f qmr qmro `jdlh3qvqhpq]o chifbxnmro ih xth d2d_o. 5dk `imydh i`k]k`k m `cdjsxo Hh\kkfo. Bpvo k` km2_edh 3vo m q_qjmo qmr cf2\ntmr qmr 3`n]tdh qfk `rg`hndp_` k` `3mpq`phm3mhd_q`h `3x `cdjsmyo `3x s_jmro `3x prkdnb\qdo, cf2mqhimyo pr2amyjmro. Z\nhk qfo `ch`jj`l_`o qmr i`h mh d3d2a\pdho pqfk cf2mqhi^ imhkxqfq` Fh`kqd_mr 3`n`hq^gfid i`h m H.

pidc\pdh qmro sxamro i`h qho `kfprt_do i\3mhvk, qzn` p3dycdh pqfk pimqdhk^ 3jdrn\ qfo pdj^kfo bh`q_; Hh` k` 2d_kdh pqm `3rnxajfqm; 5dk km2_ev 3vo `rq^ f q`iqhi^ g` `k`qn]udh qfk 2f `k`pqn]uh2f mj]gnh` 3mnd_` qfo 3jdhmufs_`o. Wm 2mhn`_mk dpq_ `k`3xsdriqmk. Cq`k a\e`qd iynhmh `3]k`kqh, qmk ]k` pykqnmsm 2dq\ qmk \jjmk i`h 2\jhpq` qmro pqmj_e`qd 2d 2fkypdho ih `bvb]o qh 3dnh2]k`qd; Q` p`o r3mc]tmkq`h 2d bj`chxjdo vo d3hirn_`ntmro; Cq`k f 3`n`2yg` pqmro ufsmsxnmro ]tdh 3\dh pykkdsm cdk s`kq`pq^i`qd 3mq] 3vo i\3mh` pqhb2^ g` <ngdh f zn` k` 3jfnvgd_ ih m jmb`nh`p2xo; @qph, t\kdq`h f 3jdhmufs_` pqfk 5f2. Nmhkxqfq` Fh`kqd_mr, ]qph t\kdq`h f 3jdhmufs_` qfo 5.N. pq` Vdj^kh`, ]qph t\kdq`h f 3jdhmufs_` qfo 5.N. pq= F23dj\ih` (`j^gdh` 3mr <k`h f 3nxdcnmo;), ]qph t\kdq`h i`h f 3jdhmufs_` mpmkmy3v pqfk 5.N. V`j`2_k`o 2h` ih did_ mh dldj_ldho d_k`h i`q`hbhpqhi]o!!! Fj^gdh`, qh 3dnh2]kdh bh` k` `kqhcn\pdh i`h k` 2`e]udh qfk i`q\pq`pf i`h k` a\jdh qfk :3`ndmyj`; 3mr qmro i`q]pqndud qmk prkcr`p2x pqm 3dnhgznhm; Q` sybmrk 3nzq` xjmh `3x qmk prkcr`p2x i`h 2dq\; Tmjy smamy2`h 3vo d_k= `nb\ bh` c\inr`, qm 3jm_m ^cf 23\edh kdn\ `kdl]jdbiq`, arg_edq`h iynhmh i`h "S Vzevk d`rqxk Vvg^qv"!

Pfqnx3mrjmo i`nszkmkq`o d22]pvo 3jfk p`szo qmk c^2`ntm i`h qmk cf2mqhix py2amrjm i 5dnqmyem. Cqh `3ms\phe`k bh` g]2`q` Fh`kqd_mr tvn_o qmro pr2amyjmro qmr Fh`kqd_mr `ch`smnzkq`o bh` 200 3dn_3mr `hq^pdho `hqf2\qvk bh` qfk dynrg2f jdhqmrnb_` qfo cf2mqhi^o imhkxqfq`o Fh`kqd_mr. I_c`2d `k`n2xchm py2amrjm k` `jvk_edh qm Fh\kqdhm `irnzkmkq`o ]qph qm dijdb2]km pr2amyjhm. K `prk]3dh` 3nmjdtg]kqvk ]nbvk `rq^o qfo cf2mqhi^o `nt^o i`h k` prims`kqmyk `kgnz3mro. ?pd qmro qn`23mrihp2myo pqmro ch`cnx2mro qmr c^2mr, dbz 3nmpg]qv i`h lrjmc`n2myo `kqhcf2\ntmr i`q= d3`k\jfuf. Wmr ]srb`k `b`k`iqhp2]kmh bynv pqmro 10 pr2amyjmro 2d `3mimnysv2` qmk `kqhc^2`ntm ]nbvk i`h `kq= `rqmy i G`bb]jf Fpqn\im, m m3m_mo i`h d_3d 3vo qmk c^2m chmhimyk i`h i\kmrk xqh g]jmrk m c^2`ntmo, m `kqhc^2`ntmo N`3dq`k\ifo i`h m cf2mqhixo py2amrjmo i 5dnqmyemo. S i`hnxo ds]pqfid xjmh `rqm_ 3mr cdk pda\pqfi`k qmk j`x qfo V`j`2_k`o cdk g` l`k`cmyk qmk c^2m. Q` i`h 2h` i`q`bbdj_`, m cf2mqhixo py2amrjmo i 5dnqmyemo, i`q`pidr\edh 3]qnhkdo pq\pdho jdvsmnd_mr 2d `jjmc`3myo pqfk 3dnhmt^ qmr Or2hzk` i`h Hr\j`. Frq]o mh i`q`pidr]o d_k`h `rg`_ndqdo i`h tvn_o ]binhpf cf2mqhimy i`h imhkmqhimy pr2amrj_mr pqmtdymkq`o `ynhm pd j_bmro u^smro :0`cdj]`e ?Wjf[]`b

IW]RVS 6

IS]S/[^[S\Q Gaid`0`aRS

IW0dP/Ta[`b - F\dlTa[`b 2013

5I=7, 49-;>3>@ 391 B> .;;><

Omh3xk iynhmh, drt`nhpqmy2d 3mr 2`o t`nm3mh^p`qd 2d qm 3nmo i`q`pidr^k ]nbm `jj\ d_3`qd ]k` 2xkm 2]nmo. L` i`q`pidr\pdqd 2dq\ i`h qfk \jjf edylf, r3mg`j\pph` ^ dk`]nh` `3x Y`kdnv2]kf 3nmo Q]` T]n`2m i`h ada`_vo, ada`_vo jdvsxnmo 2db\jfo q`tyqfq`o 3mr g` tvn_pdh qm kfp_ pq` crm. P`o d_3`qd 3vo g` 3dnk\dh i`h qn\2. Wm qrn_ cfj`c^, `jj\ d2d_o d_c`2d qfk s\i`. @qph, bh` qfk hpqmn_`. Wm 1940 qm `k\jbfqm in\qmo 3^nd pqfk chi`hmcmp_` qmr qfk hpqmnhi^ `nt`hmjmbhi^ k^pm [rq\jjdh` `3x qfk V`j`2_k` i`h 2dq\ `3x tnxkh` qfk 2dq]qndud pd t`amye` qmr jdi`km3dc_mr. @cvp`k qfk k^pm Fb. Hdznbhmo qfk 23\evp`k qxqd i`h qfk ]kvp`k 2d qfk V`j`2_k` a\emkq`o i\qh 2hin]o pvj^kdo bh` qfk d\k`hf irijmsmn_` qmr kdnmy mh m3m_do 2d qmk i`hnx amyjvp`k i`h qm kdnx qmr ixj3mr qvk T`jmri_vk anz2hpd amfgmy2dkm i`h `3x 3j^gmo 2mk_2vo `n`b2]kvk F/B. K k^pmo Udahgmyp`, qho d_cd `rg`hn]qvo qfk i`qd_t`k q` P]b`n`. Pdq\ `3x tnxkh` ch`chi`pqhizk `bzkvk, d3`k^jgd pqfk V`j`2_k`. 5rpqrtzo x2vo 3nxj`a`k i`h qfk ]i`k`k t`amye` 2d qho dbi`q`pq\pdho qmr rbn`dn_mr. Vqfk Nrkxpmrn` 3mr d_k`h xjmo `rqxo m tznmo lfn\ i`h g\j`pp` `nt`hmjmbhixo jxbv qfk k_ifo qvk Ijj^kvk i`q\ qvk Tdnpzk 2dqdqn\3f pd i`nihkmbxk` t`amye` `3x qho dbi`q`pq\pdho FUNF5MF ITI chi`hmcmp_`o F. N`n`2`kj^. Vd xjm qmk `nt`_m ixj3m 2dq`ly Nrkxpmrn`o i`h Tmykq`o, (`nt`_m jh2\kh) dbi`q`pq\gfi`k 3`n`kx2vo `3x i`nk\bh`, chrjhpq^nh` rbnzk i`rp_2vk, bdkhizo d_2`pqd 3mjhmnif2]kmh `3x mtjmypdo i`h i`nihkmbxkdo dbi`q`pq\pdho. Cjmh jmh3xk prjj^acfk d_k`h \3`qnho 3nmcxqdo i`h i`q\ qm 2\jjmk ^ ^qqmk `kg]jjfkdo `jjmc`3m_. F3= xqh bn\u`2d d2s`_kdq`h d_k`h i`q\ 80% f V`j`2_k` ahm2ft`khi^ 3dnhmt^. Cq`k i`q`pidr\edqd qfk edylf, qxqd g` aj]3mr2d q` qn`_k` k` 3dnkmyk cfj`c^ )-,/(+,*. qfo C"$C" i`h \jjvk, a`n]vk smnqfbzk i`h d3ha`qfbzk. P^3vo j]v, 2^3vo g` <3nd3d k` sqh\ldqd 2h` \jjf edylf bh` <2`o; I_2`h r3]n qvk ]nbvk i`h qfo 3nmxcmr, dl \jjmr mh @jjfkdo qmk 3dnhppxqdnm tnxkm qfo ev^o qmro `ptmjmykq`h 2d q` bn\22`q` qho d3hpq^2do i`h qfk 3nxmcm, `k qm ]nbm p`o dpd_o ]tdqd qfk s`dhk^ hc]` 3vo d_k`h bh` qm i`jx 2`o, bh`q_ `nbd_qd; V`o drt`nhpqmy2d 3mr snmkq_edqd bh` 2`o tvn_o d2\o. V_bmrn` bh` qm i`jx 2`o g` 2`o pqd_jdqd pqm qndjmim2d_m ada`_vo, ada`_vo!!! :0`cdj]`e ?Wjf[]`b

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Vd bkvn_ev `3x qfk ixuf Wmr p3`ghmy qfk qnm2dn^ Vd b2vn_ev `3x qfk xuf Tmr 2d ah`o 2dqn\dh qfk bf T\kq` ih x3mr p= `kqhin_ev Pd j`tq\n` pq`2`qz X3dn^s`k` c`inyev W`3dhk\ pd t`hndqz Nh d_3d qm tmkqnmamya`jm `kg]jjfk (T\bi`jmo), 3vo pq` B2h` k` 3mrk 3vo m `]n`o 3^nd qfk pf2`_` i`h 3vo f pf2`_` d_k`h ]k` 3`k_. T`k_ d_k`h qm p\a`km 3mr g` i`jyudh qm evzcdo imrs\nh pmr pqfk amn\ `txnq`bvk pimrjfihzk 2dp= qfk `kr3xsmnf anz2` pmr. Cjf f Ijj\c` 2h` urt^ Ph` pf2`_` ir2`qhpq^ 5ypimjdo 2]ndo i`h i`hnm_ P`o i`3]jvp`k mh Sanhm_
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3n\am, 3nzqf smn\ 2djdqmykq`h ]nb` bh` qm 2]jjmk i`h 2\jhpq` 2d qm irkmamyjhm 3mr 3nhk qn_` tnxkh` i`q]jrp`k qfk cf2min`q_`. N\gd i`jx ]nbm, i`q= `nt^k d_k`h d3_ i`ix. Vi\a`k 2d qmk bi`p2\. Gb^i`k mh qp\3do 9 23mrjkqxedo i`h `rq\ q` dnb`jd_` \sfp`k \kdnbmro thjh\cdo pi`sqh\cdo. Dp3mr k` hpmnnm3^pdh f `khpmnnm3_` 3mr 3nmij^gfid g` 3dn\pmrk c]i` _pvo i`h 3dnhppxqdn` tnxkh`. P`o ]a`j`k pqm Irnz d3_ i`ix `ix2` cdk qm prkfg_p`2d i`h ^q`k dk 2]ndh f `hq_` qfo sqztdrpfo. Omh3xk iynhmh dbi]s`jmh idkmy 3dnhdtm2]kmr 3nzq` i\kdho qm ]k` a^2`, 3`q\o i`j\ i`h 2dq\ pqfnhex2dkmo pqm 3nzqm 2dq`ihkd_o qm \jjm. Ik 3nmidh2]kv 3nm qfo edylfo g` ]3nd3d k` r3\ntdh ]k` pq`gdnx a^2` cfj`c^ r3mcm2]o pd xjf qfk V`j`2_k`. Fk j\adqd r3= xuhk xqh qzn` 2dq`ihkmykq`h 10 di`qm22ynh` d3ha\qdo i`h 4 di`qm22ynh` mt^2`q`. Tmr mh cnx2mh 23jmi\nmrk i\3mhdo pqhb2]o p`k qfk Fg^k`. Pd qfk edylf 3mr a`ri`j_edpqd g` qnh3j`ph`pqmyk mh `nhg2m_. Sh cnx2mh pqfk V`j`2_k` d_k`h `ix2` i`nxcnm2mh. Tdemcnx2h`, 3j`qd_do, 3\ni`, pf2`qmcxqdo, `pqrkm2_`, `ps\jdh`, kmpmim2d_`, 3nmpa\pdho pd F2dF. Sh 3mjdmcx2mh 2d qmk c^2m 3n]3dh `k 2djdq^pmrk qm yumo mhif2\qvk qm 3mpmpqx cx2fpfo qfk d2s\khpf bh` k` 3nmj\amr2d i\3mhm qdn`qmynbf2` 3nmp3`gzkq`o k` 3`n`2d_kdh g]ndqnm. Q` mnb`kvgmyk 3`n`j_do i`h k` b_kdh q`iqhi^ `pqhi^ prbimhkvk_`. Ipd_o 3mr d_pqd 3\kv pqfk dl]cn` pqmk tznm qmr gd\qnmr q` jxbh` p`o _pvo k` ^q`k 3`n2]k` `3x i\3mhm gd`qnhix ]nbm. Ipd_o shjxqh2` 3nmp3`g^p`qd k` 2`o 3d_qd 3vo ]tdqd 2r`jx ih d2d_o xth. @qph, i`q`a\j`qd r3dn\kgnv3do 3nmp3\gdhdo k` `3minyudqd qfk `j^gdh` tnrpzkmkq`o qm t\3h.! Tnmp3`g^p`qd k` 2`o dl`3`q^pdqd `rqx d2d_o qm j]2d 3mjhqhi^ `3\qf. Wm `k\jbfqm in\qmo 3mr i`qdrgykdq`h `3x qmro ]tmkqdo i`h i`q]tmkqdo ]tmrk mn_pdh qfk V`j`2_k` vo ahm2ft`khi^ 3dnhmt^. 5dl`2dk]o i`rp_2vk Tdn\2`qmo i`h Q]`o Tdn\2mr, [rq\jjdh`, Ijdrp_k`, k`ypq`g2mo, Udahgmyp`, F2dnhi\khif a\pf, htgrmi`jjh]nbdhdo. Fo xudqd m c^2`ntmo i Hh\kkfo Wp`a`n^o, 3mr qmr ]cvp` ]k` kqmph] 2d 450 `3ms\pdho `k`sdnx2dkdo pq` i`izo ]tmkq` [rq\jjdh`, Nrkxpmrn`, Udahgmyp`, Mtgrmi`jjh]nbdhdo i`h dpt\qvo qfk g`j\pph` 3dnhmt^ `3x qfk Nrkxpmrn` 2]tnh q` Tdnhpq]nh` (pt]chm i`h `3xs`pf Gmrj^o) bh` qho dbi`q`pq\pdho C"$C". Wm kqmph] `rqx t\gfid `3x qm bn`sd_m qmr cf2\ntmr 3mr m _chmo qm d_t` 3`n`czpdh.

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= bhkd j]dh prkvpqhp 2 x o p q f k Phin`ph`qhi^ i`q`pqnms^ pqfk 3`n`j_` qfo G`phjdymrp`o i`h 3k_bfi`k 2 di`qm22ynh` Ijjfkhi]o urt]o. Nrn\ N`q_k` ^ x3vo `jjhzo pd j]kd, Ud3mypf qfo d3`_ptrkqfo 3j]mk 5KPFU qmr Nmra]jf 3mr cdk smnmjmbmykq`h q` 80 `i_kfq` 3mr ]tdh bh`q_ d_k`h bn`22]kmo pqfk NXV j]ptf qvk Sanhzk. Omh3xk i` q]qmh` ]j` pqfk V`j`2_k`, pq` `3xinf2k` an`t\ih` k` pd vg^pv di qvk x3hpgdk k` pmr 3dq`tqmyk q` 2\qh` ]lv, qxqd k` cmy2d `k g` i\kdho x3hpgdk ^ vgmy2dkf g` 3]pdho pqfk g\j`pp`. @qph, bh` k` cv `k g` 3khbd_o, \kqd i`h 3k_lmr. S Ldxo 3n]3dh k` pd ]i`kd `3x `3m2dhk\nh` \jjvk evhizk i`q`pidrzk. Vd `s^kv did_ 3mr d_p`h cfj`c^ pqm ch\mjm. Tn]3dh k` pq`2\qfpd 3nm 3mjjmy qm 2r`jx i`h ndq\ndh qm g]2` d_k`h `k ]bhkd ^ xth m tmnxo qmr J`jxbbmr ^ f bdkmiqmk_` qvk Ijj^kvk qmr Txkqmr qfo Phin\o Fp_`o. Hh` qfk Ud3mypf d_k`h 2h` j`kg`p2]kf hpqmn_` f qn`bhi^ 2`o hpqmn_`. I_3d, m tmnxo qmr J`jxbbmr `k^idh pqfk ps`_n` qfo dgkhi^o 2rgm3j`p_`o Vqfk pqdnh\ cdk edh qm u\nh myqd `kgxo pqfk `22mrch\ N`h mh Vmrjhzqhppdo cdk emykd c_tvo qfk djdrgdnh\ Tnmp3`gd_ f crm smn]o tfndyp`p` Ud3mypf (3myph = i`q`tkh\) d3himhkvkh`i\ i`h 3mjhqhi\ 3`htk_ch` 3zo k` q` `kqh3`n`g]pdho pd `kmyphdo i`h `q]n2mkdo prefq^pdho. K brk`_i` 3nxps`q` tznhpd, ih d_k`h i`h bnh\ 60 tnxkvk qh 3dnh2]kdho; G_mo i`h 3mjhqd_` f i` Ud-3mypf, k` i`q`nbfgmyk q` gnfpidrqhi\, k` `s`hndgmyk q` `nt`_` Ijjfkhi\ i`h q` O`qhkhi\ vo kdin]o bjzppdo. P\jjmk cdk l]ndh qh qfo b_kdq`h _pvo \jjmh k` qfk i`qdrgykmrk c_ifk 2`nhmk]q`o. Sh gnfpid_do prkr3\ntmrk 2d qmk \kgnv3m, p= `rq]o i`q`sdybmrk xjmh `kdl`hn]qvo. Tzo d_k`h crk`qxk k` i`q`nb^pmr2d qfk Znhpqh`khi^ gnfpid_`; Cpmk `smn\ q` `nt`_` Ijjfkhi\ 3mhmo d_3d xqh cdk tnfph2m3mhmykq`h. Tvo g` ch`a\emkq`h q` `nt`_` ahaj_` xjvk qvk d3hpqf2zk; Sh qn`bvc_do ih `k i`q`nbfgmyk q` `nt`_` Ijjfkhi\, 3mhmo g` dn2fkdypdh q` drn^2`q`; Icz an]gfid m c_pimo qmr Y`hpqmy i`h qvk Fkqhirg^nvk 3mr tnxkh` u\tkmrk k` qmk `3mivchim3mh^pmrk. Tvo d_k`h crk`qxk k` `3mim3my2d `3x qho n_edo 2`o xq`k q` `nt`_` Ijjfkhi\ i`h qm `js\afqm d_k`h `nt^ xjvk qvk bjvppzk. Snhp2]k` 3`jhmqx2`n` 2`o sxnqvp`k qfk cf2mqhi^, f i`g`ndymrp` d_k`h f bjzpp` qvk mngzk disn\pdvk qvk `k`i`jyudvk qmr pda`p2my qfo ch3jv2`q_`o i`h dk b]kdh d_k`h `kzqdnf bjzpp` xjvk qvk bjvppzk i`h f a\pfo `rqzk. ?w phtq_n Nkzc`jm. Tnmpmt^, 3nmpmt^, 2hj\dh f Ud-3mypf ijd_pqd q` `rqh\ p`o `3m2`inykdq`h q` 3`hch\ `3x qfk qfjdxn`pf. Nmra\jfo i`h Ud-3mypf q` _ch` pi`q\ `3x qmk _chm `3x3`qm :0`cdj]`e ?Wjf[]`b

IW0dP/Ta[`b - F\dlTa[`b 2013

IS]S/[^[S\Q Gaid`0`aRS

IW]RVS 7

E9;;.1@ > +1?A-;9>@

kdo. S :[S\jb 2d qfk Ikcf_c` ixnf qmr Vid_nvk` b]kkfp`k qmk Tfj]` i`h qmk Wdj`2zk`. Fjjmy ch`a\emr2d 3vo m Wdj`2zk`o ^q`k bhxo qmr Ndhtn]` qfo V`j`2_k`o. S :[S\jb, 2d qfk NS/OZY ixnf qmr Qfn]` g]jmkq`o k` qmk `3msybdh 2dq`2mnszgfid cW Ll\[S ih ]i`kd qmk Yzim. Tdg`_kmkq`o m Fh`ixo m Tjmyqvk`o qmr cvpd q` ijdhch\ qmr ?cf. S Yzimo ^q`k i`jyqdnmo pqmro `bzkdo `3x q` `c]jsh` qmr. F3x e^jh` m Trj`_`o i`h m Wdj`2zk`o qmk pixqvp`k. S Wdj`2zk`o ]nhld 2d cyk`2f qmk c_pim pqm ids\jh qmr Yzimr i`h 3]g`kd. T]q`l`k qm 3qz2` qmr pqm c\pmo. Cq`k `3mi`jysgfid m sxkmo, m Fh`ixo qmro ]chvld. S Wdj`2zk`o ^ngd pqfk V`j`2_k`. S Ndhtn]`o bhmo qmr Tmpdhczk` i`h qfo V`j`2_k`o ixnfo qmr Fhpv3my pixqvpd qm s_ch 3mr ]i`kd i`ix pqfk V`j`2_k`. Vqfk V`j`2_k` a`p_jdrd m Wdj`2zk`o 3mr ^q`k \qdikmo i`h 3`n]cvpd qfk a`phjd_` pqmk Wdj`2zk`. S Kn`ij^o 3`n`i\jdpd qmk 5_` k` czpdh bhx pqmk Wdj`2zk` i`h qfk zn` did_kf d2s`k_pqfid pqmk mrn`kx `fqxo, ]qph qm 3`hc_ 3mr bdkk^gfid `3x qmk Wdj`2zk` i`h qfk Tdn_ah` ixnf qmr Fji\gmr, mkm2\pqfid F_`kq`o. S Tfj]`o 3^bd pqfk Yg_` (Y\np`jmo) pqmk Irn_qvk` bhx qmr ?iqmn`. S ?iqmn`o qmr <cvpd qfk ixnf qmr Fkqhbxkf i`h qm qn_qm 2dn_chm. F3x qmk Tfj]` i`h qfk L]qhc` ixnf qmr Qfn]` bdkk^gfid m Fthjj]`o. O]bdq`h 3vo m 5_`o i`h m Tmpdhczk`o 2\jvp`k bh` q` 2\qh` qfo L]qhc`o. K L]qhc`, 3mr ^ldnd q_kmo g` d_k`h qm 3`hc_ 3mr g` bdkkfgd_ d_3d, 3vo g` d_k`h `kzqdnmo `3x qmk 3`q]n` qmr. F3x qxqd q` 3`hch\ ]tmrk p_bmrn` 2\k` qmk 3`q]n` _pvo i`h k` bkvn_edh f 2\k`! Frqxo d_k`h m Fthjj]`o m G`phjh\o qfo Yg_`o = Y\np`jmo i`h qzn` Y\np`j` ^ Y]np`j` = Vdjj\o (3`qn_c` qvk Vdjjzk) = Ijj\o Y\np`jmo = Ijj\o = Y`npmdjj\o i`h dl prkdn]pdvo qm (f) = Y`npfjj\o f 2dq`amj^ qm (j) Y`nphj\o. @qph sg\kmr2d pqm Fhmjhix Y\np`j`o ^ Y\np`jmo. Ieg^O 0e\^O ^S a`T`]`k^ cdS LPacS]S cd`eb \O/0`eb ^S 0[O^`e^ J`ka\`b Xi^dS^`kb ^S UVk^`e^ c\`di/P^`eb ^S fPa^`e^ Uajc[S \S[ f]ia[O \S[ W\WR ^S dS /`[aOX`e^ cd[b Oc0aWb ;]Sg`0`k]Wb d`^ \O/0` TaRc\`e^ PaY/S cdS BSa[c[^O dcS9a[S. >][OVS: W` Y\np`j` i`g= r2\o ^qm 3\j`h Yg_` 3xjho i`h 2m_n` Ldpp`j_`o. 8 Yg_` ]gkmo Ldpp`jhixk `3x Yg_`o (Y\np`j`) 3xjho Ldpp`j_`o. S Fthjj]`o 3nmo Njrq`h2k^pqn`: \sfp` qfk bf qvk Y`np\jvk i`h 2]kv dcz pqm `k\j`snm `b]nh qmr Irn_3mr. A]edS[/^QcdaS 3nmo :US/P/^`^S: 3mr i`qmhid_ m Fthjj]`o; i_c` 2d 3`n\ldkf bn`s^. Pd qmk \kgn`i` 14 r3mjmb_edq`h 3nhk 7.500 tnxkh`, \n` 2]tnho pqhb2^o qm `nt`hxqdnm bn`3qx 3mr r3\ntdh. Tmjy 3hg`kxk jmh3xk f bn`s^ k` d_td `k`i`jrsgd_ 3mjy tnxkm 3nvqyqdn` qfo 3hk`i_c`o. Fch\pdhpq` jmh3xk pqmhtd_` 3vo mh Vdjjm_ 2hjmyp`k ih ]bn`s`k pqfk UaS//[\Q : qn`bmrcmyp`k bh`q_ an]gfid sjmb]n` pi`jhp2]kf pd ixi`jm ezmr. I3m2]kvo m 3nvqmbdk^o 3mjhqhp2xo ]tdh qfk `nt^ qmr pqmro IW]]`kb = 7]]Y^Wb \n` qm i]kqnm qmr ]jmbmr `kgnz3mr i`h qfo bjzpp`o `3mqdjd_ qfk 2fq]n` xjvk qvk bjvppzk. IdY^ ;eXS^d[^Q W0`gQ, ]PUWdS[ LOacS]S Q LPacS]S qm (`) d_k`h i\3vo pijfnx qm (d) i\3vo 2`j`ix bjvppmjmbhi\. Vq` Y\np`j` i`h pqfk d3`nt_` Y`np\jvk ]tmr2d i`h ch`smndqhi^ ch\jdiqm ^Waj = ^Yaj. 8]S dS \S]O = `k]S dS \S]`kV[S. Y]nkv = s]n`2`k. Sh j]ldho i`h f bjzpp` cdk t\kmkq`h `3jzo 3nmp`n2xemkq`h pd i\gd 3dnhmt^. T^b`2`k pq` Y\np`j` i`h 3^n`2`k myj` q` i`jmych`. Q` qh tndh\edq`h f bn`22`qhi^ i`h 2\jhpq` f UaS//[\Q ;. @tmr2d qfk bh`bh\ qfk 2xjho tfndyp`p` HW0`kcY i`h \jj` i`q`i\gh` kqdja] 3mr 3nmp3`gmyk k` i`q`nb^pmrk `kd3hqrtzo qfk Ijjfkhi^ bjzpp`, `nt^ xjvk qvk bjvppzk. I3h2]kv j_bm pqfk LZRS - LOacS]S bh`q_ an]gfi`k mnhp2]kmh idkmy dkch`s]nmkqmo xkqvo `kdbi]s`jmh 3mr 3nmp3\gfp`k k` i\kmrk 3`qn_c` qmr :g[]]PS qfk Yghzqhc` O`2_`o qnm2\n` qmro. Fk m c^2mo i`h m j`xo cdk i\kmrk i\qh, i`n`cmimyk mh O`2hzqdo, mh Fja`km_, mh Vim3h`km_, 3vo m Fthjj]`o d_k`h chixo qmro. W` Y\np`j` `3x i`q`amj^o ixp2mr ^q`k f JWdaOb LZ[ldYb bh` qmro Wmynimro JcSdS]dXS 3mr pf2`_kdh pq`rnmcnx2h. Sh Vdjjm_ 2d i`qdygrkpf `3x qfk A3dhnm 3nmo Ldpp`j_` tq_emrk 3xjdho i`h c_kmrk k]` mkx2`q` p= xjf qfk Ldpp`j_` 3mr qfk d_t`k i`q`j\adh. @cvp`k qm xkm2` JWdaOb LZ[ldYb 2d 3nv-

thjj]`o G`phjdyo qfo Yg_`o = Y\np`jmo = Y\np`j`. Q` cmy2d 3vo prkc]mkq`h Ldpp`j_` Y\np`jmo F_bhk` i`h V`j`2_k`. S Ga`/YZPSb pr2amyjdrpd qmk 2We\S]Ri^S i`h qfk brk`_i` qmr Tynn`, k` i`q`pidr\pmrk ihavqx i`h k` a\jmrk 2]p` qnxsh2`. S 5_`o ]i`kd 2db\jm i`q`ijrp2x. Wxqd ^q`k 3mr tznhp`k q` crm amrk\ Cjr23mo i`h N_pp`amo pq` pf2dnhk\ W]23f ih `3x j_2kf f Ldpp`j_` ]bhkd 3dch\c`. Cq`k i\ghp`k q` kdn\ 2dq\ `3x dkk]` 2dnxkrtq` f ihavqxo \n`ld pqmk T`nk`ppx. F 2RSb ]pqdhjd qmk In2^ k` 3dh pqmk 5dri`j_vk` k` n_tkmrk 3_pv qmro q` ixi`j` qfo 2\k`o bfo i`h `rq\ g` 2dq`qnd3xkqmrp`k pd `kgnz3mro. W` ixi`j` qfo 2\k`o bfo d_k`h mh 3]qndo ih xpdo 3]qndo ]nhld m 5dri`j_vk ]bhk`k `bxnh` ih xpdo ]nhld f Tynn` ]bhk`k imn_qph`. Wmk i`q`ijrp2x qmr 5dri`j_vk` `kq]bn`u`k mh Sanhm_ bh` qmk Qmd. K 3]qn` qfk d3mt^ did_kf jdbxq`k ]OSb = 0PdaS = ]Sjb. Aqmh \kgnv3mh `3x 3]qn`. S 5dri`j_vk `3]iqfpd qn_` 3`hch\, qmk @jjfk` (j]bdq`h i`h bhxo qmr 5_`), qmk F2shiqyvk` 3mr a`p_jdud pqfk Fqqhi^ 2d qmk Nn`k`x i`h qfk Tnvqmb]kdh`. F3x qmk @jjfk` i`h qfk Qy2sf Snpf_c` bdkk^gfi`k ` 2la`b ` E`kZ`b \S[ ` :R`]`b. S Rmygmo 3^nd qfk Tdjm3xkkfpm i`h 2d qfk Nn]mrp` ixnf qmr Indtg]` `3]iqfp`k qmk Ft`hx i`h qmk Bvk`. Sh `3xbmkmh `rqzk mkm2\pqfi`k Ft`hm_ i`h Mzkdo. S F_mjmo ]bhkd a`phjh\o qfo Ldpp`j_`o i`h mkx2`pd qmk j`x qmr Fhmjd_o. S F_mjmo 2d qfk Ik`n]qf `3]iqfpd d3q\ bhmyo i`h d3q\ grb`q]ndo. @k`o `3x qmro bhmyo m Fpv3xo bhmo qmr 4id`kmy, 2d qfk Pdqz3f `3]iqfp`k crm bhmyo i`h d_imph ixndo, 2h` `3x `rq]o ^q`k f F_bhk`, 3mr `3]iqfpd 2d qmk 5_` qmk Fh`ix. Angd 2d qfk F_bhk` pqfk k^pm Shkxkf ^ m3m_` i`h 3^nd qm xkm2` F_bhk`. Hh` t\nf qmr ]sdnd qmro Prn2hcx-

Fb`2]2kvk bynm pqmk F3hc`kx qfo LZRSb (LOacS]S) q` amrk\ S ?`e\eVRVYb: @jjfphk @jjfk`o j]bdh qmro 3dn_ q` Y\np`j` Ft`hm_ j]bmkq`h. Wm tnd_`k \jjvk `3qzk `3mcd_ldvk 3dn_ qfk Yg_`k (Y\np`j`). Vqfk 3`k\nt`h` d3mt^ i`h pqmk tznm qfo P`idcmk_`o i`h K3d_nmr jdbxq`k Ijjm3_`, qm in\qmo qvk IW]]l^. Icz r3^ntd `nt`hxqdnmo i`h 2\jjmk T`bixp2hmo 3mjhqhp2xo. Aq`k 2h` `kgnz3hkf imhkvk_` ]jmbf. Cq`k i`q]afid f pq\g2f qmr kdnmy qfo j_2kfo qfo N`pqmnh\o, s\kfid qm 2[c0Y][j (crm p3fjh]o)! C3mr qm 1992 an]gfi`k kdmjhg h i \ drn^2`q` i`h 2h` lyjhkf 3hk`-

IW]RVS 8

IS]S/[^[S\Q Gaid`0`aRS

IW0dP/Ta[`b - F\dlTa[`b 2013

E9;;.1@ > +1?A-;9>@

S Fthjj]`o 2d qmro Cea/[Vj^Wb \S[ dS LSacO][S O]`US, TaPZY\W cdY^ Ja`RS. Hh` qfk hpqmn_` qmk ;`e\WfO]S `bxn`pd m LR][00`b `3x qmk Y`np`jhkx Yhj]kfim. N`q\ qmk C2fnm, qh2^gfi`k q` ?W`[\O LSacO][S O]`US EO^Z[` \S[ ;S]R` 3mr q` cvpd m Tmpdhczk`o ih ^q`k `g\k`q`. S Fthjj]`o j]dh 3vo q` \jmb` q` ]cvpd pqmk Tfj]` ih `rqxo pd 2]k`. F3x qxqd ]2dhk`k 3\n` 3mjy j_b` Y`np`jhzqhi` \jmb` i`gzo 2`o j]dh m Sjr23hmk_ifo =\W\aSdRVYb. Wzn` r3\ntmrk vo 400 gdwi\ \jmb`. Sh `nt]o qfo 3xjho g` 3n]3dh k` snmkq_pmrk k` 2fk t`gd_ `rq^ f hpqmnhi^ srj^. N`i_ev qmro \ntmkqdo qvk Y`np\jvk qmro ]tmkqdo i`h i`q]tmkqdo k` 0aO_`e^ dS VP`^dS myqvo zpqd k` 3nmi`j]pmrk `k`pi`s]o k` `k`cdhtqmyk q` `k\iqmn` qmr Fthjj]`. W` qd_tf d_k`h d2s`k^. 5dk 23mnd_ g` r3\ntmrk k`m_ qd2]kf i`h qm `k\iqmnm. 5dk ]tmr2d i`g`n]o `3mcd_ldho 3`n\ dkcd_ldho ^S cdYaR_`e/W d` 0SaW]Zj^ /W d` 0Saj^ \S[ d` /P]]`^. P3mnd_ k` t\gfid qm kdnx qmr F3hc`kmy `3x qmk pdhp2x x2vo r3\ntmrk bdvjxbmh 2d pybtnmk` 2ft`k^2`q` 3mr 23mnmyk k` anmrk i`h k` l`k`ab\jmrk pqfk d3hs\kh` qm kdnx. 4o bkvpqxk pqmk Fj2rnx i`h pqho Phinmg^ado ab\emrk kdnx `3x 400 2]qn` a\gmo. Cqh i`h k` 3d_qd g` d_k`h 3nms\pdho dk `2`nq_`. P3mnd_qd! L]jdqd x2vo; T\nqd 3`n\cdhb2` qm p3^j`hm Ldm3dqn\o pqfk N`j`23\i` 3mr an]gfi`k _tkf svqh\o i`h `3mqr3z2`q` 3dj2\qvk tnmkmjmbmy2dk` 3]n`k qvk 100.000 dqzk. ?n` pqfk Ldpp`j_` x3mr f Ijj\c` r3^nt`k \kgnv3mh 3nhk i`qmhifgd_ f Irnz3f. Fk ixumr2d `3x ]k` c]kqnm 2dnhi\ ij`ch\ `rqx g` `k`evmbmkfgd_ i`h g` ab\jdh ih \jj`, `k x2vo ixumr2d qho n_edo, qxqd qm c]kqnm g` 3dg\kdh xnghm ^ g` pvnh`pqd_ pqfk bf i`h m 3`kc`2\qvn tnxkmo g` d3`k`s]ndh dl vk prkdq]gf cfj`c^ bf tz2`. Fk`jmbhpqd_qd \ntmkqdo qmr qx3mr q` 3hm 3\kv, q` c]kqn` emrk bh`q_ ]tmrk n_edo, d2d_o pq` Y\np`j` ]tmr2d dkcd_ldho bh` qho n_edo 2`o. N`hnxo jmh3xk k` `nt_pmrk bdkhi]o `k`pi`s]o i`h mh ]tmkqdo i`h i`q]tmkqdo `o a\F3hc`kmy 3mq`2my, q` dk`3m2d_qhi`, Tmkqh`i\, i`h qm3himyo tmk`kq` Ldwi\ \jmb` qmr Fthjj]`. nmyo. N`jjhi]j`cdo dn2fkdyqnhdo 5nx2mro 3nxpa`pfo 3nmo q` 50 qn`bmycfp`k 2d 2db\jm nd3dnqxtvnh\ qfo d3`nt_`o Y`np\jvk. 5dk nhm. K 3`nmrph\pqnh` g`r2\ph`, ldc]tm2`h `kqhnn^pdho ]tv hc_`k `kq_3]n`pd qmk imksdn`kph] jfuf vo Y`np\jhmo xqh q` Y\np`j` F[\`^`/RVY 3mr ^q`k `3x qfk d3`ni`h f d3`nt_` Y`np\jvk d_k`h f t_` Y`np\jvk `3x qm tvnhx @^[]R. 3jmrphxqdnf p= xjf qfk Ijj\c`. Wm \b`j2` qmr Fthjj]` 3mr cdp3xFrq\ i`h d22]kv! I_cv2dk! edh 2db`jm3nd3]pq`q` pqfk 3j`I3_ Fnthd3hpix3mr Ma[cd`V`k]`e qd_`. L` 3n]3dh mh \ntmkqdo qmr `bvkhex2mrk k` b_kmrk dS LOacS]S qx3mr k` anmrk 2mns]o i`h `b\jCYdaj0`]Y, qzn` 3j]mk ]tmrk 2`q` qvk 3]kqd bkvpqzk qmrj\thdijd_udh i\gd d_cmro sqfkmchi`hmpqmk Sjr23hmkhizk: jmb_do mhimkm2hizk pr2sdnxkqvk `3x hdnd_o. @tdh 8^`/S 0j]Y SUl^[c/S ga`^/URS ^cf 3`ngd_ f `3xs`pf, 2\Y]cnmo Y\np`j` pq\chm 556 3.Z. jhpq` mn_pqfid i`h m 5dp3x484 3.Z. qfo. N\kdqd ch`amrjdypdho Wfj]2`tmo Y\np`j` 3\jf pqm cf2mqhix pr2amyjhm Fbh\o Y\np`j` 3`bin\qhm 484 3.Z. Y`np\jvk i`h 2d qm 3xnhTmjrc\2`o Vimqmyp` 3`bin\qhm 408 3.Z. p2` `k\ td_n`o i`qdrgd_`k Yhjx2hjmo Y\np`j` pq\chm 284 3.Z. pqmk Fnthd3_pim3m. F3x qmk 5f2`nth`ix gzim i`h qho 3mjrgnxkdo aj]3dho 2xkm qm S 2RSb /`RaScW dY^ UY bynm `3x t`emimyqh! qfk Ijj\c`, `nbm3xnfpd m Tfj]`o T^b` pqfk dq^ph` bhmnq^ qmr gS]TO i`h j]dh m 5_`o, qzn` 3mr ^ngdo 2m_LSacO]i^, qxp` 3mjj\ 3`hch\ qnhn`p` qfk i`jyqdnf bf. F pq\pmr bynv 2`o. N\gd mhimb]kdh` ]tdh 3 in\qfp` ]k` im22\qh bh` 2]k` k` ]vo 5 3`hch\. 5dk r3\ntdh myqd ]k` 3fb`_kv qmk tdh2zk` bh`q_ qm inym 2`b`e_ ldkm_ih`pqm. Vqm e`t`nm3j`pqmk Cjr23m cdk r3ms]ndq`h. T\nd pqd_m k` 2fk s`o 2h` 0`edRU\S LSajmh3xk qfk Yg_`. cO]i^; ?jjm 3n\b2`!! Wfk HSTS^R W` Y\np`j` jmh3xk d_k`h drjmbf3mr qfk 3`o; 2]k` `3x qmk Ldx qvk Ldzk, f @qph i`h 23dho pd i`q\pqf2` t`ja\ 3jmyph` Yg_`. iaS[jdSd` 0ScdP][ LSacO]i^ ]`e:0`cdj]`e ?Wjf[]`b \`k/[S /0`e\[O \S[ cegla[` \`eaS/0[PVWb faPc\`eb xjm qmk tnxkm. Vqm qnh^2dnm bhmnq^o qmr t`ja\ Y`np\jvk 3`nxkqdo m j`xo, cf2mqhi^ `nt^ mh \ntmkqdo qmr qx3mr d3_pf2mh x3vo 3dnhsdndh\ntfo Ldpp`j_`o i`h 3mj_qhimh, qh2z2dkmo d_k`h m j`xo `3x qmro 3`ndrnhpim2]kmro qvk m3m_vk mh q_qjmh 3`n]ntmkq`h, g` 2d_kmrk pqfk hpqmn_` py2svk` 2d q` ]nb` qmro. F3x qfk dl]cn` 3]n`p`k ]k` pvnx prbinmq^2`q`:

qdymrp` q` Y\np`j`. Wh k` 3nvqmbn\uv dbz 3nmo `3xcdhlfk xqh f LZRS = LOacS]S. Tnmo crp2\o qm xnmo Nrkxo ids`j`_ x3mr qm Gdjdpq_km. F3]k`kqh f mnmpdhn\ m Cgnro qm pqdkx xnhm `k`qmjhi\ 3nmo qmk Gxjm, 3hm cv m Fj2rnxo i`h mh Phinmg^ado. Frqxo m qdn\pqhmo i\23mo d_k`h f 3dch\c` qvk Y`np\jvk 2]nmo qmr i\23mr qfo Ldpp`j_`o. Vqm amrkx Tnms^qf Kj_` ^q`k tqhp2]k` q` `k\iqmn` qmr Fthjj]`. Vq` Y\np`j` r3\ntdh m 3mq`2xo :0[VS^jb, j]bdq`h 3vo f ZWO ?PdYb in`qzkq`o qmk bhx qfo Fthjj]` `3x qfk sq]nk` qmk amyqfld pq` kdn\ qmr F3hc`kmy bh` k` b_kdh `g\k`qmo x2vo did_ 3mr ^q`k qm t]nh qfo cdk an\tfid i`h ^q`k qm qnvqx qmr pf2d_m (Ft_jjdhmo 3q]nk`) i`q= \jjmro f L]qfo qmk ]a`jd 3\kv `3x qfk pq\tqf i`h l`skhi\ \k`ud svqh\ pqm td_jmo (\inf) ih ]qph mkx2`pd qm 3`hc_ (GeaRcl`b) = (pzgfid `3x qfk svqh\) Fjj\ m Tfj]`o qmk mkx2`pd Fthj]` 2d ]k` (j) `3x qm gWR]`b dYb fid[Ob. (:-gWR]`b) = :g[]]PSb.

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jmrk a`gh\ 3mjy a`gh\ qm t]nh pqfk qp]3f. Wfk `kdyndpf qmr V`n`i`qp\khi`, Gj\thi`, K3dhnz-

F[ SVW]f`R :0`cdj]`e, ;ScR]Yb \S[ ?Wjf[]`b