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Ba i 2. CA C LE NH C0 BA N TRE N LINUX
Phn A - Cc vn d cn luu
1. ng nhp & dng xut
1.1. Truy cp vo my tnh d ci dt h d|u hnh Linux
Khi HuH Linux khoi dng, xut hin du nhc truy cp h thng :
login:
password :
Ngui dng nhp vo username v password tuong ung, trn mn hnh xut hin du nhc ca h
thng nhu sau :
[user12@linux user12]$
1.2. Thot khi h thng
Thot khoi phin lm vic : #exit hoc #logout
Chm dut hoat dng ca h thng (tt my tnh) : #shutdown h now
2. T chc h thng tp tin trn Linux
/etc Cu hnh h thng cuc b theo my
/usr/bin Chua hu ht cc lnh ngui dng.
/dev Cc tp tin thit bl.
/usr/man Chua cc ti liu truc tuyn.
/usr/include Chua cc tp tin include chun ca C.
/var/log Cc tp tin luu giu thng tin lm vic hin hnh ca ngui dng.
/home Chua cc thu muc con ca cc user.
/usr/lib Chua cc tp tin thu vin ca cc chuong trnh ngui dng.
Khi truy cp vo h thng, thu muc lm vic ca ngui dng duoc xem nhu l thu muc ch. V du :
Thu muc ch ca user01 s l /home/user01
nu dung dn bt du bng du /, h thng xem d nhu l mt tn dung dn dy d bt du
Lu thu muc gc.
3. Cc lnh thao tc trn h thng tp tin
Cc tham s lun bt du boi du -, v trong hu ht cc trung hop nhiu tham s mt chu ci c
th kt hop dng mt du -.
V du: Thay v dng lnh ls -l -F, ta c th dng lnh tuong duong ls -lF.
K tq Chc nng

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*?[ ] K tu dai din hay theo mu
& Chay ung dung o ch d nn (background), tra lai du nhc h thng cho cc tc vu
khc .
; Du phn cch nhiu lnh trn mt dng lnh.
\ 1t tc dung ca nhung k tu dc bit nhu *, ?, [, ], &, ;, >, <, |
> ulnh hungdu liu xut ra file.
< ulnh hung du liu nhp tu file.
>> ulnh hung du liu xut ra cui file nu file d tn tai.
| ulnh hung du liu xut l du liu nhp cho lnh tip theo.
$ S dung bin mi trung.
3.1. To mi thu mqc
C php : mkdir <dir1><dir2>... <dirN>
<dir1>. . . <dirN> l tn cc thu muc cn tao.
3.2. Thay di thu mqc hin hnh
C php : cd <directory>
<directory>l thu muc mun chuyn dn.
. : yu cu chuyn dn thu muc hin hnh.
.. : chuyn dn thu muc cha.
3.3. Xem thu mqc lm vic hin hnh
C php : pwd
3.4. Xem thng tin v tp tin v thu mqc
C php : ls <file1><file2>... <fileN><Tham s>
<file1>. . . <fileN>l danh sch tn tp tin hay thu muc.
<Tham s>:
-F : dng d hin thl mt vi thng tin v kiu ca tp tin
-l : (long) lit k kch thuc tp tin, ngui tao ra, cc quyn ngui s dung.
3.5. Di chuyn mt hay nhiu tp tin
C php : mv <file1><file2>... <fileN><destination>
<file1>. . . <fileN>l danh sch tn tp tin cn di chuyn
<destination>l tp tin hay thu muc dch.
Lnh mv c th dng d di tn tp tin.
3.6. Sao chp tp tin
C php : cp <source><destination>

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3.7. To lin kt vi tp tin
1ao lin kt vi tp tin l tao thm cho tp tin tn mi v dung dn tuong ung.
C php : ln <source><destination>
ls -l : xem s lin kt ca tp tin.
Mun xa mt tp tin ta phai xo tt ca cc lin kt ca n.
3.8. Tm kim mt tp tin
Lnh find cho php tm kim mt hay nhiu tp tin trong mt cy danh muc.
Tm theo tn: find <path>-name <filename>
Tm theo s i-node ca tp tin: find <path>-inum <number>
Tm theo tn ngui so huu : find <path>-user <username>
u trnh cc thng bo li dua ra mn hnh, ta c th di hung du ra li chun (standard
error) ti mt tp tin rng (/dev/null ):
$ find / -name filename - print 2>/dev/null
3.9. Xo thu mqc rng
C php : rmdir <dir1><dir2>... <dirN>
<dir1>... <dirN> l tn nhung thu muc cn xa.
3.10. Xa cc tp tin hoc thu mqc
C php : rm <file1><file2>... <fileN>
3.11. Xem hung dn s dqng lnh
C php : man <command>hoc <command> --help hoc <command> /?
Trong d <command>l tn ca mt cn xem hung dn.
3.12. Hin th[ ni dung ca cc tp tin
C php : more <file1><file2>... <fileN>
<file1><file2>... <fileN> l nhung tp tin cn hin thl.
3.13. Ni cc tp tin
C php : cat <file1><file2>... <fileN>[>filename]
Lnh dng d hin thl ton b ni dung ca nhiu tp tin cng mt lc.
<file1><file2>... <fileN>l nhung tp tin cn hin thl ni dung.

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3.14. Xut ni dung thng bo
C php : echo <arg1><arg2>... <argN>
Trong d <arg1><arg2>... <argN>l cc di s dng lnh.
3.15. Nn v gii nn tp tin
a) Nn mt tp tin
C php : gzip <file cn nn>
hoc tar czvf <kho nn><file cn nn>
a) Giai nn mt tp tin
C php : gunzip <kho nn>
gzip -d <filename>
hoc tar xzvf <kho nn><file cn nn>
4. Mt s lnh hu dqng khc
4.1. Lnh hostname
Hin thl tn my tnh dang lm vic.
P thng luu thng tin v tn my trong tp tin /etc/hosts
4.2. Lnh clear
Xa mn hnh.
4.3. Lnh date
Hin thl ngy thng hin hnh ca h thng
4.4. Lnh cal <month><year>
Xem llch tuong ung vi thng v nm chl dlnh.
5. Son tho vn bn vi VI
5.1. Khi dng vi
$ vi filename
5.2. Son tho
Insert v Append
a Append text sau con tro
A Append text cui dng
i Insert text truc con tro
I Insert text du dng
O Thm dng mi pha trn con tro
o Thm dng mi pha dui con tro

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Di chuyn con tr
^ v du dng dang dung
$ v cui dng dang dung
G v cui dng ca file
nG Nhay ti dng thu n ca file
Xa text
x Xa mt k tu
Dw Xa mt tu
dd Xa mt dng
d$ Xa tu con tro dn cui dng
:n,mD Xa tu dng n dn dng m (V du :5,10D xa tu dng 5 dn dng 10)
Qun l thao tc
~ Thay di chua hoa - thung
U Undo mt thao tc truc d
. Lp lai thao tc
Tm kim v thay th
/string Tm tu vl tr con tro dn cui file
?string Tm tu vl tr con tro nguoc ln du file
:%s/old_text/new_text/g Tm chui old_text thay bng new_text
Copy v Paste
Yy Copy dng con tro dang dung
P Dn dng mi copy xung dui dng con tro dang dung
P Dn dng mi copy ln trn dng con tro dang dung
:x,y co z Copy tt ca cc dng tu x dn y, mang dn vl tr dng thu z
:x,y m z Di chuyn tt ca cc dng tu x dn y, mang dn vl tr dng thu z.
t bin mi trung
:set nu Hin thm line number truc mi dng
:set nonu Khng hin line number (default)
:set ic Khng phn bit chu Hoa/Thung khi tm kim.
:set noic Phn bit chu Hoa/Thung khi tm kim (default)
5.3. Thot khi vi
Mun ra khoi vi v ghi lai ni dung tp tin, ban nhn phm ESC v dng mt trong cc lnh nhu sau:
:ZZ hoc :wq hoc :x
Thot khoi vi v khng ghi lai cc thay di truc d
: q!

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Phn B - Thc hnh
1. S dung lnhpwdd xem thu muc hin hnh. Dng lnhlsd xem ni dung thu muc/etc
a) Hin thl tt ca cc tp tin, thu muc con c k tu a. Ghi nhn kt qua vo tptkkta.txt
b) Hin thl tt ca cc tp tin, thu muc con bt du bng k tu b v k thc l k tu e. Ghi
nhn kt qua vo tptkktbe.txt.
2. Bit rng thu muc hin hnh l/home/linux. Tao thu muc c cu trc sau:
/ home/ l i nux/ t ai l i eu
|
/ bai t ap/ l t C
|
/ l t J ava
|
/ l t PHP
3. Thuc hin cc yu cu sau:
a) Sao chp cc tp.logtrong/var/logvo thu muc/home/linux/baitapd tao ra trong cu 2. S
dung cc lnhmore hoccat d xem ni dung cc tp .log.
b) Di chuyn thu mucltPHP sang thu muctailieu.
4. Chuyn thu muc hin hnh l thu muctailieu. Tao lin kt biu tuong cho cc thu mucltJava v
ltC.
5. S dung lnhfindd tm kim cc tp tin theo tn tp tin, inode, user
6. Nn v giai nn tp tin s dunggzip/gunzip/tar
7. S dungvim, soan thao tp tinvanban.txt c ni dung nhu sau o thu muctailieu.
Que huong anh nuoc man dong chua
Lang toi ngheo dat cay len soi da
Toi voi anh hai nguoi xa la
Bon phuong troi chang hen quen nhau
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