Nhm thc tp: G2

1014085 L Bo Kha
1014105 Nguyn Phng T Linh
1014111 Nguyn Tn Lc

Th 7, ngy 29 thng 9 nm 2012

THC TP PHN TCH 2

BI 1: DNG C O LNG S DNG V HIU CHUN

I.

MC CH
Cc kt qu phn tch phi tha mn c mc chnh xc thch hp. Do , tt c
cc dng c trong phng th nghim cn chnh xc cao, nhiu ch s c ngha. V vy,
chng ta cn hiu chun cc dng c o lng nhm gim chch ca dng c o so vi
gi tr cng b trn dng c.
II. THC HNH
1. Th nghim 1: Thc hnh cch cn trc tip v gin tip
Cn trc tip: Chnh cn v 0.000g. Dng kp gp qu cn i (trong b 10 qu cn
chun) t trc tip ln cn. Ghi khi lng m1 = mqu cn i. Gp qu cn ra khi a cn.
Cn gin tip cch 1: Chnh cn v 0.000g. t thuyn cn ln a cn v ghi khi lng
m2 = mb. Dng kp gp qu cn i trn t vo thuyn cn, ghi khi lng
m3 = mb + mqu cn i.
Cn gin tip cch 2: t thuyn cn ln a cn, chnh cn v 0.000g. Dng kp gp
qu cn i trn t vo thuyn cn, ghi khi lng m4 = m qu cn i.
Lp li th nghim cn trc tip v cn gin tip 3 ln vi 10 qu cn c khi lng khc
nhau. Ghi nhn c kt qu nh sau:

Qu cn 1

Qu cn 2

Qu cn 3

Qu cn 4

m1
m2
m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2
m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2
m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2

Ln 1
0.599
0.540
1.139
0.599
0.598
0.998
0.540
1.539
0.999
0.998
1.995
0.542
2.538
1.996
1.994
2.989
0.541

Ln 2
0.598
0.541
1.139
0.598
0.598
0.996
0.541
1.539
0.998
0.997
1.997
0.542
2.538
1.996
1.997
2.988
0.540

Ln 3
0.599
0.541
1.140
0.599
0.601
0.998
0.541
1.538
0.997
0.998
1.996
0.541
2.537
1.996
1.996
2.989
0.541

Trung bnh
0.599
0.541
1.139
0.599
0.599
0.997
0.541
1.539
0.998
0.998
1.996
0.542
2.538
1.996
1.996
2.989
0.541

m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2
Qu cn 5
m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2
Qu cn 6
m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2
Qu cn 7
m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2
Qu cn 8
m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2
Qu cn 9
m3
m3-m2
m4
m1
m2
Qu cn
m3
10
m3-m2
m4
X l s liu:

3.530
2.989
2.989
4.992
0.542
5.533
4.991
4.992
5.990
0.541
6.530
5.989
5.993
9.980
0.542
10.520
9.978
9.981
14.973
0.542
15.514
14.972
14.970
29.926
0.543
30.469
29.926
29.928
49.908
0.541
50.449
49.908
49.908

3.529
2.989
2.989
4.990
0.540
5.533
4.993
4.992
5.988
0.541
6.532
5.991
5.990
9.979
0.542
10.522
9.980
9.980
14.973
0.540
15.512
14.972
14.972
29.925
0.540
30.467
29.927
29.928
49.908
0.542
50.450
49.908
49.909
Trung
bnh

Qu cn 1
Qu cn 2

Cn trc tip

0.599

Cn gin tip cch 1

0.599

Cn gin tip cch 2

0.599

Cn trc tip

0.997

3.530
2.989
2.990
4.993
0.541
5.534
4.993
4.991
5.989
0.540
6.531
5.991
5.990
9.980
0.541
10.522
9.981
9.979
14.972
0.542
15.513
14.971
14.973
29.924
0.540
30.466
29.926
29.926
49.908
0.542
50.451
49.909
49.908

3.530
2.989
2.989
4.992
0.541
5.533
4.992
4.992
5.989
0.541
6.531
5.990
5.991
9.980
0.542
10.521
9.980
9.980
14.973
0.541
15.513
14.972
14.972
29.925
0.541
30.467
29.926
29.927
49.908
0.542
50.450
49.908
49.908
0.95

0.600
1.000

0.0006 0.0014

Sai s
tng
i ER
0.24

0.0006 0.0014

0.24

0.0017 0.0043

0.72

0.0012 0.0029

0.29

Sn

Qu cn 3

Qu cn 4

Qu cn 5

Qu cn 6

Qu cn 7

Qu cn 8

Qu cn 9

Qu cn 10

Nhn xt:

Cn gin tip cch 1

0.998

0.0010 0.0025

0.25

Cn gin tip cch 2

0.998

0.0006 0.0014

0.14

Cn trc tip

1.996

0.0010 0.0025

0.12

Cn gin tip cch 1

1.996

0.0000 0.0000

0.00

Cn gin tip cch 2

1.996

0.0015 0.0038

0.19

Cn trc tip

2.989

0.0006 0.0014

0.05

Cn gin tip cch 1

2.989

0.0000 0.0000

0.00

Cn gin tip cch 2

2.989

0.0006 0.0014

0.05

Cn trc tip

4.992

0.0015 0.0038

0.08

Cn gin tip cch 1

4.992

0.0012 0.0029

0.06

Cn gin tip cch 2

4.992

0.0006 0.0014

0.03

Cn trc tip

5.989

0.0010 0.0025

0.04

Cn gin tip cch 1

5.990

0.0012 0.0029

0.05

Cn gin tip cch 2

5.991

0.0017 0.0043

0.07

Cn trc tip

9.980

0.0006 0.0014

0.01

Cn gin tip cch 1

9.980

0.0015 0.0038

0.04

Cn gin tip cch 2

9.980

0.0010 0.0025

0.02

Cn trc tip

14.973

0.0006 0.0014

0.01

Cn gin tip cch 1

14.972

0.0006 0.0014

0.01

Cn gin tip cch 2

14.972

0.0015 0.0038

0.03

Cn trc tip

29.925

0.0010 0.0025

0.01

Cn gin tip cch 1

29.926

0.0006 0.0014

0.00

Cn gin tip cch 2

29.927

0.0012 0.0029

0.01

Cn trc tip

49.908

0.0000 0.0000

0.00

Cn gin tip cch 1

49.908

0.0006 0.0014

0.00

Cn gin tip cch 2

49.908

0.0006 0.0014

0.00

2.000

3.000

5.000

6.000

10.000

15.000

30.000

50.000

Nhn chung, cch cn gin tip c lch chun nh hn do chnh xc cao hn cch
cn trc tip. iu ny c th gii thch nh sau: cch cn gin tip va cho s liu ca b
ln vt cn nn khi ly hiu s, sai s ca b ln vt cn b trit tiu.
Biu din kt qu:
Qu cn 1
Qu cn 2
Qu cn 3
Qu cn 4
Qu cn 5
Qu cn 6
Qu cn 7
Qu cn 8
Qu cn 9
Qu cn 10

0.599 0.001 g
0.998 0.001 g
1.996 0.001 g
2.989 0.001 g
4.992 0.001 g
5.990 0.001 g
9.980 0.001 g
14.972 0.001 g
29.926 0.001 g
49.908 0.001 g

2. Th nghim 2: Kim tra n nh ca cn bng php cn gin tip theo cch 2

t thuyn cn ln a cn. Nhn tare chnh cn v 0.000. t qu cn i vo thuyn
cn. Ghi khi lng mi1.
Ly qu cn ra khi thuyn cn, chnh cn v 0.000g. t li qu cn i vo cc cn. Ghi
khi lng mi2. Lp li th nghim 11 ln v thc hin vi cc qu cn c khi lng 1g,
5g, 10g, 50g v 100g. Kt qu thu c nh sau:
Qu
cn
1g
Qu
cn
5g
Qu
cn
10 g
Qu
cn
50 g
Qu
cn
100 g

m11

m12

m13

m14

m15

m16

m17

m18

m19

m110

m111

0.998

0.998

0.998

0.997

0.997

0.998

0.998

0.998

0.998

0.998

0.998

m21

m22

m23

m24

m25

m26

m27

m28

m29

m210

m211

4.992

4.992

4.992

4.989

4.991

4.992

4.992

4.991

4.991

4.992

4.993

m31

m32

m33

m34

m35

m36

m37

m38

m39

m310

m311

9.979

9.978

9.978

9.978

9.979

9.979

9.979

9.979

9.979

9.980

9.979

m41
49.90
7
m51
99.79
8

m42

m43
49.90
8
m53
99.79
7

m44
49.90
7
m54
99.79
7

m45
49.90
8
m55
99.79
8

m46
49.90
7
m56
99.79
9

m47
49.90
8
m57
99.79
7

m48
49.90
7
m58
99.79
8

m49
49.90
7
m59
99.79
7

m410
49.90
8
m510
99.79
9

m411

49.908
m52
99.798

X l s liu:
Qu cn 1g:
Gi tr trung bnh: 0.9978 g
lch chun: 0.0004 g
Biu din kt qu: m = 0.9978 0.0003 g
Qu cn 5g:
Gi tr trung bnh: 4.9915 g

49.908
m511
99.798

 lch chun: 0.0010 g

Biu din kt qu: 4.9915 0.0007 g
Qu cn 10g:
Gi tr trung bnh: 9.9788 g
lch chun: 0.0006 g
Biu din kt qu: 9.9788 0.0004 g
Qu cn 50g:
Gi tr trung bnh: 49.9076 g
lch chun: 0.0005 g
Biu din kt qu: 49.9076 0.0004 g
Qu cn 100g:
Gi tr trung bnh: 99.7978 g
lch chun: 0.0008 g
Biu din kt qu: 99.7978 0.0005 g
Nhn xt: Da trn kt qu thu c cc khi lng cn khc nhau, ta c th thy
cn c n nh cao v khng ph thuc vo khi lng cn.
3. Th nghim 3: iu tra thng k khi lng cc ng tin cng loi
Chn 100 ng 500, dng cch cn gin tip theo cch 2 cn ln lt 100 ng tin
v ghi nhn cc gi tr mngtin1 n mngtin100.
Trao i d liu vi nhm khc.
Kt qu thu c sau khi cn 100 ng 500 nh sau:
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10
m11
m12
m13
m14
m15
m16
m17
m18
m19

3.088
3.172
3.093
3.101
3.146
3.146
3.139
3.125
3.097
3.143
3.130
3.100
3.152
3.117
3.172
3.170
3.149
3.208
3.061

m21
m22
m23
m24
m25
m26
m27
m28
m29
m30
m31
m32
m33
m34
m35
m36
m37
m38
m39

3.120
3.132
3.152
3.108
3.127
3.139
3.138
3.151
3.184
3.152
3.147
3.106
3.106
3.194
3.046
3.181
3.154
3.125
3.119

m41
m42
m43
m44
m45
m46
m47
m48
m49
m50
m51
m52
m53
m54
m55
m56
m57
m58
m59

3.127
3.120
3.138
3.147
3.159
3.119
3.126
3.113
3.117
3.180
3.145
3.174
3.157
3.174
3.125
3.162
3.140
3.095
3.172

m61
m62
m63
m64
m65
m66
m67
m68
m69
m70
m71
m72
m73
m74
m75
m76
m77
m78
m79

3.133
3.182
3.149
3.124
3.138
3.132
3.168
3.070
3.185
3.129
3.114
3.185
3.172
3.155
3.096
3.139
3.121
3.100
3.162

m81
m82
m83
m84
m85
m86
m87
m88
m89
m90
m91
m92
m93
m94
m95
m96
m97
m98
m99

3.196
3.152
3.130
3.151
3.164
3.118
3.148
3.114
3.141
3.133
3.131
3.093
3.125
3.131
3.137
3.149
3.166
3.091
3.116

m20
3.146
m40
Kt qu thng k:

3.168

m60

3.134

m80

3.158

m100

3.162

ng tin nng nht c khi lng 3.208(g)

ng tin nh nht c khi lng l 3.046(g)
100

Khi lng trung bnh ca ng 200:

100

lch chun :

Sn =

( m m)
i =1

m=

m
i =1

= 3.138(g)

100

= 0.030

99

Bng thng k khi lng cc ng tin theo tng nhm vi bin l 0.5Sn
Nhm
S lng

3.049
2

3.078
5

3.108
21

3.138
43

3.168
21

3.198
6

Kt lun: Khi lng ng tin ch yu nm trong khong t 3.108g n 3.168g

chim khong 85% s lng ng tin.
Kt qu thu c sau khi cn 100 ng 1000 nh sau:
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
m6
m7
m8

3.731
3.743
3.689
3.685
3.717
3.748
3.721
3.733

m21
m22
m23
m24
m25
m26
m27
m28

3.743
3.695
3.690
3.708
3.666
3.736
3.708
3.707

m41
m42
m43
m44
m45
m46
m47
m48

3.728
3.695
3.717
3.709
3.660
3.742
3.720
3.693

m61
m62
m63
m64
m65
m66
m67
m68

3.693
3.705
3.667
3.695
3.731
3.695
3.733
3.711

m81
m82
m83
m84
m85
m86
m87
m88

3.648
3.709
3.714
3.721
3.738
3.722
3.748
3.698

m9
3.702 m29
m10 3.727 m30
m11 3.714 m31
m12 3.724 m32
m13 3.742 m33
m14 3.752 m34
m15 3.681 m35
m16 3.657 m36
m17 3.726 m37
m18 3.698 m38
m19 3.722 m39
m20 3.660 m40
Kt qu thng k:

3.702
3.682
3.685
3.711
3.720
3.722
3.718
3.695
3.709
3.654
3.719
3.701

m49
m50
m51
m52
m53
m54
m55
m56
m57
m58
m59
m60

3.682
3.687
3.671
3.701
3.690
3.666
3.716
3.723
3.719
3.673
3.702
3.705

m69
m70
m71
m72
m73
m74
m75
m76
m77
m78
m79
m80

3.675
3.681
3.663
3.710
3.709
3.691
3.700
3.696
3.752
3.693
3.701
3.698

m89
m90
m91
m92
m93
m94
m95
m96
m97
m98
m99
m100

3.740
3.688
3.676
3.691
3.786
3.673
3.691
3.682
3.711
3.694
3.747
3.687

ng tin nng nht c khi lng 3.786(g)

ng tin nh nht c khi lng l 3.648(g)
100

Khi lng trung bnh ca ng 200:

100

lch chun :

Sn =

( m m)
i =1

m=

m
i =1

= 3.705(g)

100

= 0.025

99

Bng thng k khi lng cc ng tin theo tng nhm vi bin l 0.5Sn
Nhm
S lng

3.629
1

3.654
7

3.680
22

3.705
38

3.730
24

3.756
7

3.781
1

 Kt lun: khi lng ng tin nm trong khong 3.680(g) n 3.730(g) chim

khong 84% s lng ng tin
Nhn xt: Qua so snh 2 kt qu, ta thy ng 1000 phn b u hn ng 500.
Khi lng ca ng 1000 ln hn so vi ng 500 nhng Sn ca 1000 li b
hn 500 .
V chnh xc, ng 500 c s lng ng tin nm gn gi tr trung bnh nhiu
hn so vi ng 1000 cho nn kt qu cn ng 500 chnh xc hn ng 1000 .
V ng, s long ng 1000 phn b u 2 bn gi tr trung bnh nn ng
1000 c ng tt hn ng 500 .
4. Th nghim 4: Hiu chun pipet bu 10 mL. Cn gin tip theo cch 2.
Dng bnh nh mc 100 mL lm cc cn c np, bnh nh mc cn m bo kh v
sch bn ngoi. t bnh nh mc y np ln cn.
Chnh cn v 0.000g.
Chun b mt cc nc ct cn bng nhit vi mi trng phng th nghim, cm
nhit k v ghi r nhit .
Dng bp cao su ht 10 mL nc t cc sau chnh mt khum ca dung dch trong
pipet trng vi vch mc.
Ly bnh nh mc (cc cn) ra khi cn v cho u pipet chm vo thnh bnh nh
mc, cho dung dch trong pipet chy t nhin. Sau khi dung dch chy ht vo bnh, gi
nguyn u pipet tip xc vi thnh bnh trong khong 5 giy ri ly pipet ra. Dng kp gp
y np bnh nh mc.
Chuyn bnh nh mc vo cn v ghi khi lng m1.
Chnh cn v 0.000g. Dng kp gp m np, ly bnh nh mc ra. Tip tc rt thm 10
mL nc cho vo bnh nh mc. y np v chuyn bnh nh mc ln a cn. Ghi khi
lng m2.
Lp li th nghim 10 ln v ghi khi lng t m1 n m10. Ghi nhn li kt qu nh sau:

mb
m1
m2
m3
m4
m5
m6
m7
m8
m9
m10

Nhit PTN: 26oC

mnc = mi - mb
58.204 g
68.185 g
9.981 g
78.159 g
9.974 g
88.142 g
9.983 g
98.108 g
9.966 g
108.089 g
9.981 g
118.059 g
9.970 g
128.026 g
9.967 g
138.005 g
9.979 g
148.003 g
9.998 g
157.993 g
9.990 g

Vpipet = mnc / 0.9967867

10.0132 mL
10.0062 mL
10.0152 mL
9.99813 mL
10.0132 mL
10.0021 mL
9.99913 mL
10.0112 mL
10.0302 mL
10.0222 mL

 Gi tr trung bnh = 10.011 mL

lch chun = 0.010 mL
Biu din kt qu: Vpipet hiu chun = 10.011 0.010 mL
5. Th nghim 5: Hiu chun bnh nh mc 100 mL
Dng bnh nh mc 100mL c np y m bo kh v sch c bn trong ln bn
ngoi. Chun b nc ct cn bng nhit vi mi trng phng th nghim, cm
nhit k v ghi nhit .
Chnh cn v 0.000g, t bnh nh mc v np ln cn, ghi li kt qu mb.
Np nc ct vo bnh v nh mc, dung giy thm lau kh c bnh nh mc v
bn ngoi. y np bnh, t bnh ln cn v ghi khi lng m1=mb + mnc.
Ly bnh ra khi cn, ht ly bt nc ri nh mc li, thc hin php o tng t
11 ln v ghi li kt qu:
Nhit PTN: 26oC
mnc = mi - mb
mb
58.830 g
m1
158.079 g
99.249 g
m2
158.166 g
99.336 g
m3
158.147 g
99.317 g
m4
158.103 g
99.273 g
m5
158.131 g
99.301 g
m6
158.111 g
99.281 g
m7
158.117 g
99.287 g
m8
158.078 g
99.248 g
m9
158.112 g
99.282 g
m10
158.101 g
99.271 g
m11
158.133 g
99.303 g
Gi tr trung bnh = 99.606 mL

Vbm = mnc / 0.9967867

99.569
99.656
99.637
99.593
99.621
99.601
99.607
99.568
99.602
99.591
99.623

lch chun = 0.027 mL

Biu din kt qu: Vbm hiu chun = 99.606 0.027 mL
6. Th nghim 6: Hiu chun buret 25 mL
Chun b cc nc ct cn bng nhit vi mi trng phng th nghim, cm nhit
k v ghi r nhit .
Chun b cc thy tinh 100mL kh, sch. t ln cn. Chnh cn v 0.000g. Np
nc ct vo ct buret n vch 0. Dng giy thm lau nh phn ngoi buret. Hng
2.00mL (chnh xc n 0.01mL) nc ct t buret vo cc. chm nh vi x vo
thnh cc ly hon ton dung dch cn bm trn vi x. t ln cn v ghi khi
lng.
Bng s liu thc nghim qua x l v hiu chnh th tch:
m1

m2

m3

47.034

47.036

47.035

49.002

49.005

49.005

50.985

50.982

50.982

52.980

52.982

52.983

54.980

54.982

54.982

56.979

56.981

56.980

58.954

58.951

58.951

60.947

60.946

60.946

62.931

62.934

62.933

64.933

64.933

64.936

66.933

66.935

66.936

68.944

68.943

98.944

70.927

70.928

70.930

mtb/2mL (g)

Vhc/2mL (mL)

V(mL)

dV

49.004

1.969

1.9753

1.9753

0.0000

4.00

50.983

1.979

1.9854

3.9607

0.0100

6.00

52.982

1.999

2.0054

5.9662

0.0201

8.00

54.981

1.999

2.0054

7.9716

0.0000

10.00

56.980

1.999

2.0054

9.9771

0.0000

12.00

58.952

1.972

1.9784

11.9554

-0.0271

14.00

60.946

1.994

2.0004

13.9558

0.0221

16.00

62.933

1.987

1.9934

15.9492

-0.0070

18.00

64.934

2.001

2.0075

17.9567

0.0140

20.00

66.935

2.001

2.0075

19.9642

0.0000

22.00

68.944

2.009

2.0155

21.9796

0.0080

V buret(mL)

mtb(g)

0.00

47.035

2.00

24.00

70.928

1.984

1.9904

23.9700

-0.0251

Biu dV theo V :

Kt lun: dV dao ng u 2 bn t nh hn + 0.03 mL n ln hn -0.03 mL.

Nh vy sai lch nm trong khong buret = 0.03. Phn u ca th bin ca
dV kh ln gn 0.03mL v sau th bin cng nh dn v tin n 0.
Nguyn nhn lm cho dV cng v sau cng tim cn n gi tr 0 l khi o lng th
tch ln th cc phn lch m v lch dng b tr ln nhau nn gi tr o th tch lc
sau s tt hn khi V ln.
V th khi chun ta nn chun sao cho V ln hn 10,00mL gi tr o c
ng hn v tng ch s c ngha
III.

KINH NGHIM V NHN XT CHUNG V BI THC TP:

1. Kinh nghim:
- S dng cn v cc dng c khc ng quy cch trnh gy ra nhng sai s khng
ng c.
- Trnh va chm vo cn trong qu trnh cn. Khng c a gin gn cn.
2. Nhn xt:
- V mt k nng, qua bi thc tp, sinh vin c rn luyn k nng x dng cn phn
tch trong vic xc nh khi lng mu, k nng hiu chnh cc dng c o th tch
tng chnh xc trong qu trnh phn tch.
- V mt tnh ton x l s liu, sinh vin c lm quen vi thao tc tnh ton hiu
chun cc dng c o th tch, s dng xc sut thng k trong x l v nhn xt s
liu.