ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ 1 TOÁN 11-2013-2014

1
N TP TON 11 HC K 1
Nm hc : 2013 2014
I. i s :
BT 1: Gii cc phng trnh sau :
a/ 2sin 3 0
6
x
| |
+ =
|
\
b/ 2cos 2 0
4
x
| |
+ =
|
\
c/ 3cot 2 3 0
4
x
| |
+ =
|
\
d/
3tan 2 3 0
3
x
| |
+ =
|
\

a) 2sin 3 0
6
x
| |
+ =
|
\

( )
3
sin
6 2
sin sin
6 3
2
6 3
2
6 3
2
6
3
2
2
x
x
x k
x k
x k
k Z
x k
| |
=
|
\
| | | |
=
| |
\ \
= +
= + +
= +
= +

b) 2cos 2 0
4
x
| |
+ =
|
\

( )
2
cos
4 2
cos cos
4 4
2
4 4
2
4 4
2
2
2
x
x
x k
x k
x k
k Z
x k
| |
+ =
|
\
| |
+ =
|
\
+ = +
+ = +
= +

c) 3cot 2 3 0
4
x
| |
+ =
|
\

3
cot 2
4 3
cot 2 cot
4 6
2
4 6
x
x
x k
| |
+ =
|
\
| |
+ =
|
\
+ = +

2
12
x k
= +
2
( )
24 2
k
x k Z

= +
d) 3tan 2 3 0
3
x
| |
+ =
|
\

( )
3
tan 2
3 3
tan 2 tan
3 6
2
3 6
2
6
12 2
x
x
x k
x k
k
x k Z

| |
=
|
\
| | | |
=
| |
\ \
= +
= +
= +

BT 2: Gii cc phng trnh sau:
a/
2
2cos 3cos 1 0 x x + = ; b/
2
cos sin 1 0 x x + + = ; c/
2
2sin 5sin 3 0 x x + = ; d/
2
cot 3 cot 3 2 0 x x = ;
a/
2
2cos 3cos 1 0 x x + =
( )
cos 1 ( )
1
cos ( )
2
2
cos cos
3
2
2
3
2
3
x nhan
x nhan
x k
x
x k
x k
k Z
x k
= +
= +

b/
2
cos sin 1 0 x x + + =
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 sin sinx 1 0
sin sinx 2 0
sinx 1
sinx 2
2 ,
2
x
x
nhan
loai
x k k Z
+ + =
+ + =
=
= +

c/
2
2sin 5sin 3 0 x x + =
( )
( )
1
sinx
2
sinx 3
sinx sin
6
nhan
loai
=

3
2
6
2
6
x k
x k
= +
= +

( )
2
6
,
5
2
6
x k
k Z
x k
= +
= +

d/
2
cot 3 cot 3 2 0 x x =
( )
cot 3 1
cot 3 2
3
cot 3 cot
4
3 ar cot 2
3
3
4
3 ar cot 2
4 3
1
ar cot 2
3 3
x
x
x
x c k
x k
x c k
k
x
k Z
k
x c
= +
= +
= +
= +
= +

a/
2
2cos 2 cos 2 0 x x + = ; b/ cos 2 cos 1 0 x x + + = ;c/ cos 2 5sin 3 0 x x = ; d/
5tan 2cot 3 0 x x = .
a/
2
2cos 2 cos 2 0 x x + = ;
( )
cos 2 ( )
2
cos ( )
2
cos cos
4
2
4
2
4
x loai
x nhan
x
x k
k Z
x k
= +
= +

b/ cos 2 cos 1 0 x x + + =
( )
( )
2
2
2cos 1 cos 1 0
2cos cos 0
cos 0
1
cos
2
2
2
cos os
3
x x
x x
x nhan
x nhan
x k
x c
+ + =
+ =
=
= +

4
( )
2
2
2
3
2
2
3
x k
k Z x k
x k
= +
= +
= +

c/ cos 2 5sin 3 0 x x =
( )
( )
2
2
1 2sin 5sin 3 0
2sin 5sin 2 0
1
sinx
2
sinx 2
x x
x x
nhan
loai
=
=

( )
sinx sin
6
2
6
2
6
2
6
7
2
6
x k
x k
x k
k Z
x k
| |
=
|
\
= +
= + +
= +
= +

d/ 5tan 2cot 3 0 x x = .
iu kin:
sin 0
sin 2 0 2
cos 0 2
x
k
x x k x
x

2
2
(1) 5tan 3 0 5tan 3tan 2 0
tan
x x x
x
= =
tan tan tan 1
4 4
( )
2
2 2 tan
arctan arctan
5
5 5
x x k x
k Z
x
x k x k

= = + =

| | | | =

= + = +
| |

\ \
(tha iu kin)
a/
2
sin 2cos 2 0
2 2
x x
+ = ; b/ cos 5sin 3 0
2
x
x + = ;c/ cos 4 sin 2 1 0 x x = ; d/
cos6 3cos3 1 0 x x = .
a/
2
sin 2cos 2 0
2 2
x x
+ =
( )
( )
2
2
1 os 2cos 2 0
2 2
os 2cos 3 0
2 2
os 1
2
os 3
2
x x
c
x x
c
x
c nhan
x
c loai
+ =
+ =

5
( )
2
2
4 ,
x
k
x k k Z
=
=

b/ cos 5sin 3 0
2
x
x + =
( )
( )
2
2
1 2sin 5sin 3 0
2 2
2sin 5sin 2 0
2 2
1
sin
2 2
sin 2
2
x x
x x
x
nhan
x
loai
+ =
+ =

sin sin
2 6
x
=
( )
2
2 6
2
2 6
4
3
5
4
3
x
k
x
k
x k
k Z
x k
= +
= +
= +
= +

c/ cos 4 sin 2 1 0 x x =
( )
( )
( )
2
2
1 2sin 2 sin 2 1 0
2sin 2 sin2 0
sin 2 0
1
sin 2
2
2
sin 2 sin
6
2
2 2
6
2 2
6
2
12
7
12
x x
x x
x nhan
x nhan
x k
x
k
x
x k
x k
k
x
k Z x k
x k
=
=
=
| |
=
|
= +
= + +
= +
= +

d/ cos6 3cos3 1 0 x x = .
6
( )
( )
( )
2
2
2cos 3 1 3cos3 1 0
2cos 3 3cos3 2 0
os3 2
1
os3
2
2
os3 os
3
2
3 2
3
2
3 2
3
2 2
9 3
2 2
9 3
x x
x x
c x loai
c x nhan
c x c
x k
x k
k
x
k Z
k
x

=
=
=
= +
= +
= +
= +

a/
( )
2
tan 3 1 tan 3 0 x x + = ; b/
( )
2
3 tan 1 3 tan 1 0 x x = ;
a/
( )
2
tan 3 1 tan 3 0 x x + =
( )
t anx 1
t anx 3
t anx tan
4
t anx tan
3
4
4
x k
k Z
x k

| |
=
|
= +
= +

b/
( )
2
3 tan 1 3 tan 1 0 x x =
( )
t anx 1
1
t anx
3
t anx tan
4
t anx tan
6
4
6
x k
k Z
x k
| |
=
|
\

= +
= +

a/ 3sin cos 1 x x = ; b/ 3cos3 sin3 2 x x = ; c/ 3cos 4sin 5 x x + = ; d/
7
sin 7cos 7 x x = ;
e/ 2sin 2 2cos 2 2 x x = ; f/ sin 2 3 3cos 2 x x = .
a/ 3sin cos 1 x x =
Chia 2 v ca phng trnh cho
2 2
2 a b + =
Pt
3 1 1
sin cos
2 2 2
x x =
( )
1
sin xcos cos sin
6 6 2
1
sin
6 2
sin sin
6 6
2
6 6
2
6 6
2
3
2
x
x
x
x k
x k
x k
k Z
x k

=
| |
=
|
\
| |
=
|
\
= +
= +
= +
= +

b/ 3cos3 sin3 2 sin3 3 os3 2 x x x c x = + =
2 2
2 a b + =
Pt
1 3 2
sin3 cos3
2 2 2
x x + =
( )
2 2
sin3xcos cos3 sin 1
3 3
2
sin 3 1
3
2
3 2
3 2
3 2
6
2
18 3
x
x
x k
x k
k
x k Z

+ =
| |
+ =
|
\
+ = +
= +
= +

e/ 2sin 2 2cos 2 2 x x = ;
2 2
2 2 a b + =
Pt
2 2 2
sin 2 cos 2
2 2 2 2 2 2
x x =
1
sin 2xcos cos 2 sin
4 4 2
1
sin 2
4 2
sin 2 sin
4 6
x
x
x

=
| |
=
|
\
| |
=
|
\

8
( )
2 2
4 6
2 2
4 6
5
2 2
12
13
2 2
12
5
24
13
24
x k
x k
x k
x k
x k
k Z
x k

= +
= +
= +
= +
= +
= +

f/ sin 2 3 3 cos 2 sin 2 3 os2 3 x x x c x = + =
2 2
2 a b + =
Pt
1 3 3
sin2 cos 2
2 2 2
x x + =
3
sin 2xcos cos 2 sin
3 3 2
3
sin 2
3 2
sin 2 sin
3 3
x
x
x

+ =
| |
+ =
|
\
| |
+ =
|
\

( )
2 2
3 3
2 2
3 3
2 2
2 2
3
6
x k
x k
x k
x k
x k
k Z
x k

+ = +
+ = +
= +
= +

a/ sin5 sin3 sin 0 x x x + + = ; b/
2
sin5 sin in 1 2s x x x + + = ;
c/ sin2 sin5 sin3 sin 4 x x x x = ; d/
2 2 2
sin sin 3 2sin 2 x x x + = .
a/ sin5 sin3 sin 0 x x x + + =
sin5 sin sin3 0
2sin3 os2 sin3 0
sin3 (2 os2 1) 0
sin3 0
2 os2 1 0
x x x
xc x x
x c x
x
c x
+ + =
+ =
+ =
=
+ =

9
3
1
os2
2
x k
c x
=

( )
3
2
os2 os
3
3
2
2 2
3
2
2 2
3
3
3
3
k
x
c x c
k
x
x k
x k
k
x
k Z x k
x k
= +
= +
= +
= +

b/
2
sin5 sin in 1 2s x x x + + =
2
sin5 sinx=1-2sin
2sin3 cos 2 os2
2sin3 cos 2 os2 0
os2 (2sin3 1) 0
os2 0
2sin3 1 0
x x
x x c x
x x c x
c x x
c x
x
+
=
=
=
=

2
2
1
sin3
2
4 2
sin3 sin
6
4 2
3 2
6
3 2
6
x k
x
k
x
x
k
x
x k
x k
= +
= +
= +
= +
= +

10
( )
4 2
2
18 3
5 2
18 3
k
x
k
k Z x
k
x

= +
= +
= +

c/ sin 2 sin5 sin3 sin 4 x x x x =
( ) ( )
( )
1 1
os7 os3 os7 os
2 2
os7 os3 os7 os
os3 cos
3 2
3 2
2 2
4 2
2
c x c x c x c x
c x c x c x c x
c x x
x x k
x x k
x k
x k
x k
k Z
k
x
=
=
=
= +
= +

d/
2 2 2
sin sin 3 2sin 2 x x x + = .
( )
1 os2 1 os6 1 os4
2.
2 2 2
1 os2 1 os6 2 1 os4
2 os2 os6 2 2cos 4
os2 os6 2cos 4
os2 os6 2cos 4
c x c x c x
c x c x c x
c x c x x
c x c x x
c x c x x

+ =
+ =
=
=
+ =

os6 os2 2cos 4 0
2cos 4 cos 2 2cos 4 0
2cos 4 (cos 2 1) 0
os4 0
os2 1 0
c x c x x
x x x
x x
c x
c x
+ =
=
=
=

4
2
os2 1
x k
c x
= +

( )
8 4
2 2
8 4
k
x
x k
k
x
k Z
x k

= +
= +

BT 9: T cc ch s 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 c th lp c bao nhiu s c 4 ch s nu :
a) Cc ch s ty . b) Cc ch s khc nhau.
c) S l s chn (ch s ty ) d) S l s chn (ch s khc nhau)
11
e) S chia ht cho 5 (ch s khc nhau)
t A = {0; 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6}

a) Cc ch s ty .
+ Theo bi s t nhin c dng:
1 2 3 4
a a a a , vi a
1
; a
2
; a
3
; a
4
A v a
1
0
a
1
a
2
a
3
a
4
S cch chn 6 7 7 7
+ Vy s lng cc s t nhin cn tm l 6.7.7.7

= 2058 s

b) Cc ch s khc nhau.
1 2 3 4
a a a a , vi a
1
; a
2
; a
3
; a
4
A, a
1
0 v a
1
; a
2
; a
3
; a
4
i mt khc
nhau
a
1
a
2
a
3
a
4
S cch chn 6 6 5 4

= 720 s

c) S l s chn (ch s ty )
1 2 3 4
a a a a , vi a
1
; a
2
; a
3
; a
4
A, a
1
0 v a
4
{0; 2; 4; 6}
a
4
a
1
a
2
a
3
S cch chn 4 6 7 7

= 1176 s

d) S l s chn (ch s khc nhau)
1 2 3 4
a a a a , vi a
1
; a
2
; a
3
; a
4
A, a
1
0, a
1
; a
2
; a
3
; a
4
i mt khc
nhau
v a
4
{0; 2; 4; 6}
+ TH1: a
4
{0} a
4
a
1
a
3
a
4
S cch chn 1 6 5 4
S lng cc s t nhin trong trng hp ny l 1.6.5.4

= 120 s
+ TH1:a
4
{2; 4; 6} a
4
a
1
a
3
a
4
S cch chn 3 5 5 4

= 300 s
+ Vy s lng cc s t nhin cn tm l 120 + 300 = 420 s

e) S chia ht cho 5 (ch s khc nhau)
1 2 3 4
a a a a , vi a
1
; a
2
; a
3
; a
4
A, a
1
0, a
1
; a
2
; a
3
; a
4
i mt khc
nhau
v a
4
{0; 5}
+ TH1: a
4
{0} a
4
a
1
a
3
a
4
S cch chn 1 6 5 4
12

= 120 s
+ TH1:a
4
{5} a
4
a
1
a
3
a
4
S cch chn 1 5 5 4

= 100 s
+ Vy s lng cc s t nhin cn tm l 120 + 100 = 220 s
BT 10: Mt i vn ngh c 6 nam v 7 n. Hi c bao nhiu cch chn
a/ Mt i song ca nam n ? b/ Mt bn biu din n ca ?
a/ Mt i song ca nam n ?
1 nam 1 n
S cch chn
1
6
C
1
7
C
Vy s lng cc cch chn mt i song ca nam n l
1
6
C .
1
7
C = 42 cch

b/ Mt bn biu din n ca ?
1 nam 1 n
S cch chn
1
6
C
1
7
C
Vy s lng cc cch chn mt bn biu din n ca l
1
6
C +
1
7
C = 13 cch
BT 11: Mt lp hc c 26 hc sinh nam v 19 hc sinh n.
a/ Lp c bao nhiu cch la chn mt bn ph trch qu lp ?
b/ Lp c bao nhiu cch la chn mt bn nam v mt bn n ph trch phong tro ?
c/ Lp c bao nhiu cch la chn mt ban cn s lp gm ba ngi : 1 lp trng, 1 lp ph ph
trch k lut v mt lp ph ph trch hc tp vi iu kin lp trng phi l mt bn n v
lp ph k lut phi l mt bn nam ?
a/ Lp c bao nhiu cch la chn mt bn ph trch qu lp ?
1 nam 1 n
S cch chn
1
26
C
1
19
C
Vy s lng cc cch chn mt bn ph trch qu lp l
1
26
C +
1
19
C = 45 cch
b/ Lp c bao nhiu cch la chn mt bn nam v mt bn n ph trch phong tro ?
1 nam 1 n
S cch chn
1
26
C
1
19
C
Vy s lng cc cch chn mt bn nam v mt bn n ph trch phong tro l
1
26
C .
1
19
C = 494 cch
c/ Lp c bao nhiu cch la chn mt ban cn s lp gm ba ngi : 1 lp trng, 1 lp ph ph
trch k lut v mt lp ph ph trch hc tp vi iu kin lp trng phi l mt bn n v
lp ph k lut phi l mt bn nam ?
1 lp trng 1 lp ph n np 1 lp ph hc tp
S cch chn
1
19
C
1
26
C
1
43
C
Vy s lng cc cch chn mt ban cn s lp l
1
19
C .
1
26
C .
1
43
C = 21242 cch
BT 12: C bao nhiu cch sp xp 4 bn An, Bnh, Chi, Dung ngi vo bn c 4 ch ngi.
S lng cc cch sp xp 4 bn An, Bnh, Chi, Dung ngi vo bn c 4 ch ngi l 4! = 24 cch
13
BT 13: Cho 9 im phn bit trong khng c 3 im no thng hng. C bao nhiu on thng,
bao nhiu vect, bao nhiu tam gic to thnh t 9 im trn.
S lng cc on thng to thnh t 9 im trn l
2
9
36 C = on thng
S lng cc vecto to thnh t 9 im trn l
2
9
72 A = vecto
S lng cc tam gic to thnh t 9 im trn l
3
9
84 C = tam gic
BT 14: Trong mt phng c bao nhiu hnh ch nht c to thnh t 6 ng thng song song
vi nhau v 5 ng thng vung gc vi 6 ng thng song song .
S lng cc hnh ch nht c to thnh t 6 ng thng song song vi nhau v 5 ng thng
vung gc vi 6 ng thng song song l
2 2
6 5
. 15.10 150 C C = = hnh ch nht
BT 15: Mt t c 10 ngi gm 6 nam v 4 n. Cn lp mt on i biu gm 5 ngi. Hi c tt
c bao nhiu cch lp nu :
a) Chn ty . b) on i biu c ng 2 n. c) on i biu c t nht 2 n.
a) Chn ty .
S lng cc cch lp mt on i biu gm 5 ngi ty l
5
10
252 C = cch
b) on i biu c ng 2 n
2 n 3 nam
S cch chn
2
4
C
3
6
C
Vy s lng cc cch lp on i biu c ng 2 n l
2
4
C .
3
6
C = 6.20 = 120 cch
c) on i biu c t nht 2 n.
Cch 1: Tnh trc tip
TH 1 2 n 3 nam
S cch chn
2
4
C
3
6
C
S lng cc cch lp trong trng hp ny l
2
4
C .
3
6
C = 6.20 = 120 cch
TH 2 3 n 2 nam
S cch chn
3
4
C
2
6
C
3
4
C .
2
6
C = 4.15 = 60 cch
TH 3 4 n 1 nam
S cch chn
4
4
C
1
6
C
4
4
C .
1
6
C = 1.6 = 6 cch
Vy s lng cc cch lp on i biu c t nht 2 n l 120 + 60 + 6 = 186 cch
Cch 2: Tnh gin tip Dng phn b
+ S lng cc cch lp mt on i biu gm 5 ngi ty l
5
10
252 C = cch
+ Tm phn b
TH 1 0 n 5 nam
S cch chn
0
4
C
5
6
C
0
4
C .
5
6
C = 1.6 = 6 cch
TH 2 1 n 4 nam
S cch chn
1
4
C
4
6
C
14
1
4
C .
4
6
C = 4.15 = 60 cch
+ Vy s lng cc cch lp on i biu c t nht 2 n l 252 6 - 60 = 186 cch
BT 16: Vit khai trin
a/
( )
3
2
2 3 x x + ; b/ ( )
5
1 2x ; c/
5
2
3
x
x
| |
+
|
\
; d/
4
3
1
4x
x
| |
|
\
.
a/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
3 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3
2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2
3 3 3 3
2 3 . 2 . 3 2 . 3 2 . 3 2 . 3 x x C x x C x x C x x C x x + = + + +

6 4 2 2 3
6 5 4 3
1.8 .1 3.4 .3 3.2 .9 1.1.27
8 36 54 27
x x x x x x
x x x x
= + + +
= + + +

b/ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 0 1 2 3 4 5
0 5 1 4 2 3 3 2 4 1 5 0
5 5 5 5 5 5
1 2 .1 . 2 .1 . 2 .1 . 2 .1 . 2 .1. 2 .1 . 2 x C x C x C x C x C x C x = + +

2 3 4 5
2 3 4 5
1.1.1 5.1.2 10.1.4 10.1.8 5.1.16 1.1.32
1 10 40 80 80 32
x x x x x
x x x x x
= + +
= + +

c/
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
5 0 1 2 3 4 5
5 4 3 2 1 0
2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2
5 5 5 5 5 5
3 3 3 3 3 3 3
. . . . . . . . . . . . x C x C x C x C x C x C x
x x x x x x x
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
+ = + + + + +
| | | | | | |
\ \ \ \ \ \ \

10 8 6 4 2
2 3 4 5
10 7 4
2 5
3 9 27 81 243
1. .1 5. . 10. . 10. . 5. . 1.1.
405 243
15. 90. 270.
x x x x x
x x x x x
x x x x
x x
= + + + + +
= + + + + +

d/ ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
4 0 1 2 3 4
4 3 2 1 0
0 1 2 3 4
4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 3 3 3
1 1 1 1 1 1
4 . 4 . . 4 . . 4 . . 4 . . 4 . x C x C x C x C x C x
x x x x x x
| | | | | | | | | | | |
= + +
| | | | | |
\ \ \ \ \ \

4 3 2
3 6 9 12
4
4 8 12
1 1 1 1
1.256 .1 4.64 . 6.16 . 4.4 . 1.1.
96 16 1
256 256
x x x x
x x x x
x
x x x
= + +
= + +

BT 17: a) Tm h s ca
8
x trong khai trin ( )
10
3 2 x + .
b) Tm h s ca s hng khng cha x trong khai trin
15
3
2
1
x
x
| |
|
\

c) Tm h s ca s hng cha
2
x trong khai trin
8
2
2
x
x
| |
+
|
\

d) Tm h s ca
4 9
x y trong khai trin ( )
13
2x y .
a) Tm h s ca
8
x trong khai trin ( )
10
3 2 x + .
+ S hng tng qut th (k + 1) trong khai trin l:
T
k + 1
= ( )
10
10 10 10 10
10 10 10
. 3 .2 .3 . .2 .3 .2 .
k
k n k k k k k k k k k k k k
n
C a b C x C x C x

= = = (0 k 10, k )
+ Theo bi ta c 10 k = 8 k = 2
+ Vy h s ca
8
x l :
2 10 2 2
10
.3 .2 1180980 C

=
b) Tm h s ca s hng khng cha x trong khai trin
15
3
2
1
x
x
| |
|
\

15
T
k + 1
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
10
3 30 3 30 5
15 15 15 2 2
1 1
1 . 1 . . . 1 . . . 1 . .
k
k
k k k k
k n k k k k k k k
n k
C a b C x C x C x
x x

| |
= = =
|
\
(0 k 15, k
)
+ Theo bi ta c 30 5k = 0 k = 6
+ Vy h s ca s hng khng cha x l : ( )
6
6
15
1 . 5005 C =
c) Tm h s ca s hng cha
2
x trong khai trin
8
2
2
x
x
| |
+
|
\

T
k + 1
=
8 8 8 3
8 8 8 2 2
2 2
. . . . .2 .
k
k
k n k k k k k k k k k
n k
C a b C x C x C x
x x

| |
= = =
|
\
(0 k 8, k )
+ Theo bi ta c 8 - 3k = 2 k = 2
+ Vy h s ca s hng cha
2
x l :
2 2
8
.2 112 C =
d) Tm h s ca
4 9
x y trong khai trin ( )
13
2x y .
T
k + 1
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
13
13 13
13 13
1 . 1 . . 2 . 1 . .2 . .
k k k k
k n k k k k k k k k
n
C a b C x y C x y

= = (0 k 13, k )
+ Theo bi ta c
13 4
9
9
k
k
k
=
=

+ Vy h s ca
4 9
x y l : ( )
9
9 13 9
13
1 . .2 11440 C

=

BT 18: Xt khai trin ca
15
2
2
x
x
| |
|
\
.
a/ Tm s hng th 7 trong khai trin (vit theo chiu s m ca x gim dn).
b/ Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin.
a/ Tm s hng th 7 trong khai trin (vit theo chiu s m ca x gim dn).
T
k + 1
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
15
2 30 2 30 3
15 15 15
2 2
1 . 1 . . . 1 . . . 1 . .2 .
k
k
k
k k k k
k n k k k k k k k k
n k
C a b C x C x C x
x x

| |
= = =
|
\
(0 k 15, k
)
+ Theo bi ta c k = 6
+ Vy s hng th 7 trong khai trin l ( )
6
6 6 30 3.6 12
7 15
1 . .2 . 320320 T C x x
= =
b/ Tm s hng khng cha x trong khai trin
T
k + 1
= ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
15
2 30 2 30 3
15 15 15
2 2
1 . 1 . . . 1 . . . 1 . .2 .
k
k
k
k k k k
k n k k k k k k k k
n k
C a b C x C x C x
x x

| |
= = =
|
\
(0 k 15, k
)
+ Theo bi ta c 30 3k = 0 k = 10
+ Vy h s ca s hng khng cha x l : ( )
10
10 10
15
1 . .2 C = 3075072
BT 19: Cho n l mt s nguyn dng, chng minh cc ng thc sau :
16
a/
0 1 2
... 2
n n
n n n n
C C C C + + + + = ; b/
0 2 4 1 3 1
... ... 2
n
n n n n n
C C C C C

+ + + = + + = (vi 4 n ) ;
a/
0 1 2
... 2
n n
n n n n
C C C C + + + + =
+ Chn (x + 1)
n

0 1 2 2
...
n n
n n n n
C C x C x C x = + + + +
+ Cho x = 1 ta c ( )
0 1 2 2
1 1 .1 1 ... 1
n
n n
n n n n
C C C C + = + + + +
0 1 2
2 ...
n n
n n n n
C C C C = + + + +
b) t
0 2 4 1 3 5
..., ...
n n n n n n
A C C C B C C C = + + + = + + + , Vy ta c
1
2
2
0
n
n
A B
A B
A B
+ =
= =

BT 20: Bit rng ( )
3 3
4 3
7 3
n n
C C n
+ +
= + , tm h s ca s hng cha
4
x trong khai trin ca
2
3
1
2
n
x
x
| |
+
|
\
.
( )
3 3
4 3
( 4)! ( 3)!
7( 3) 7( 3)
3! 1 ! 3! !
n n
n n
C C n n
n n
+ +
+ +
= + = +
+

( 4)( 3)( 2) ( 3)( 2)( 1)
7( 3) ( : 3 0)
6 6
n n n n n n
n v n
+ + + + + +
= + +
( 4)( 2) ( 2)( 1) 42 n n n n + + + + = 3 36 12( ) n n nhan = =
+ Khi n = 12 ta c :
12
2
3
1
2 ( 0) x x
x
| |
+
|
\

T
k + 1
=
( )
12
2
12 3
1
2
k
k
k n k k k
n
C a b C x
x
| |
=
|
\
=
2 5 36
12 12 36 3
1
. .2 . .2 .
k k k k k k
k
C x C x
x
=
+ Theo bi ta c 5k 36 = 4 k = 8
+ Vy h s cn tm l :
8 8
12
.2 126720 C =
BT 21: Gieo mt ng tin cn i v ng cht ba ln.
a) M t khng gian mu.
b) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : A : Ln gieo u xut hin mt sp
B : Mt sp xy ra ng mt ln
C : t nht mt ln xut hin mt sp
D : Mt sp xy ra nhiu hn mt nga
a) { } ; ; ; ; ; ; ; SSS SSN SNS SNN NSS NSN NNS NNN =
b) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : A : Ln gieo u xut hin mt sp
+ { } ; ; ; ; ; ; ; SSS SSN SNS SNN NSS NSN NNS NNN =
S phn t ca l n() = 8
+ A = {SSS; SSN; SNS; SNN}
S phn t ca A l n(A) = 4
+ Vy xc sut ca A l ( )
( )
( )
4 1
8 2
n A
p A
n
= = =

c) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : B : Mt sp xy ra ng mt ln

+ B = {SNN; NSN; NNS}
S phn t ca B l n(B) = 3
+ Vy xc sut ca B l ( )
( )
( )
3
8
n B
p B
n
= =

d) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : C : t nht mt ln xut hin mt sp
17

+ C = {SSS ; SSN ;SNS ;SNN ;NSS ;NSN ;NNS}
S phn t ca C l n(C) = 7
+ Vy xc sut ca C l ( )
( )
( )
7
8
n C
p C
n
= =

e) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : D : Mt sp xy ra nhiu hn mt nga
+ D = {SSS ; SSN ;SNS ; NSS}
S phn t ca D l n(D) = 4
( )
( )
4 1
8 2
n D
p D
n
= = =

BT 22: Gieo mt con sc sc cn i v ng cht hai ln.
a) M t khng gian mu.
b) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : A : Mt 3 chm xut hin ng 1 ln
B : Tng s chm ca hai ln gieo khng vt qu 6
C : S chm ca ln gieo bng nhau
D : Tng s chm trong hai ln gieo bng 7
a) ( ) { }
; | , ; 2;3; 4;5;6 i j i j = =
b) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : A : Mt 3 chm xut hin ng 1 ln
+ ( ) { }
; | , ; 2;3; 4;5;6 i j i j = =
+ A = {(3 ;1), (3 ;2), (3 ;4), (3 ;5), (3 ;6), (1 ;3), (2 ;3), (4 ;3), (5 ;3), (6 ;3)}
( )
( )
10 5
36 18
n A
p A
n
= = =

c) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : B : Tng s chm ca hai ln gieo khng vt qu 6
+ ( ) { }
; | , ; 2;3; 4;5;6 i j i j = =
+ B = {(1 ;1), (1 ;2), (1 ;3), (1 ;4), (2 ;1), (2 ;2), (2 ;3), (3 ;1), (3 ;2), (4 ;1)}
( )
( )
10 5
36 18
n B
p B
n
= = =

d) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : C : S chm ca ln gieo bng nhau
+ ( ) { }
; | , ; 2;3; 4;5;6 i j i j = =
+ C = {(1 ;1), (2 ;2), (3 ;3), (4 ;4), (5 ;5), (6 ;6)}
( )
( )
6 1
36 6
n C
p C
n
= = =

e) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : D : Tng s chm trong hai ln gieo bng 7
+ ( ) { }
; | , ; 2;3; 4;5;6 i j i j = =
+ D = {(1 ;6), (2 ;5), (3 ;4), (4 ;3), (5 ;2), (6 ;1)}
18
+ Vy xc sut ca D l ( )
( )
( )
6 1
36 6
n D
p D
n
= = =

BT 23: T mt hp cha 7 bi trng v 9 bi . Ly ngu nhin ng thi 2 bi.
Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : A : Hai bi cng mu trng ,
B : Hai bi cng mu
C : Hai bi cng mu ,
D : Hai bi khc mu
a) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : A : Hai bi cng mu trng ,
+ S cch chn ngu nhin 2 bi l
2
16
C = 120 cch
+ S cch chn 2 bi cng mu trng l
2
7
C = 21 cch
( )
( )
21 7
120 40
n A
p A
n
= = =

b) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : B : Hai bi cng mu
2
16
C = 120 cch
+ S cch chn 2 bi cng mu l
2
9
C = 36 cch
( )
( )
36 3
120 10
n B
p B
n
= = =

c) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : C : Hai bi cng mu ,
2
16
C = 120 cch
+ TH 1 : S cch chn 2 bi cng mu trng l
2
7
C = 21 cch
TH 2 : S cch chn 2 bi cng mu l
2
9
C = 36 cch
S phn t ca C l n(C) = 21 + 36 = 57
( )
( )
57 19
120 40
n C
p C
n
= = =

d) Tnh xc sut ca cc bin c : D : Hai bi khc mu
2
16
C = 120 cch
+
1 bi mu trng 1 bi
S cch chn
1
7
C
1
9
C
S cch chn 2 bi khc mu l
1 1
7 9
. 63 C C = cch
S phn t ca D l n(D) = 63
+ Vy xc sut ca D l ( )
( )
( )
63 21
120 40
n D
p D
n
= = =

BT 24: Mt ci bnh ng 4 qu cu xanh v 6 qu cu vng. Ly ra 3 qu cu t bnh.
Tnh xc sut
a/ c ng 2 qu cu xanh ;
b/ c hai mu ;
c/ c t nht 2 qu cu xanh.
a) Tnh xc sut c ng 2 qu cu xanh ;
+ S cch chn ngu nhin 3 qu cu l
3
10
C = 120 cch
19
+ Gi A : c ng 2 qu cu xanh
2 qu cu xanh 1 qu cu vng
S cch chn
2
4
C
1
6
C
S cch chn c ng 2 qu cu xanh l
2
4
C .
1
6
C = 36 cch
( )
( )
36 3
120 10
n A
p A
n
= = =

b) Tnh xc sut c hai mu ;
3
10
C = 120 cch
+ Gi B : c hai mu
TH 1 2 qu cu xanh 1 qu cu vng
S cch chn
2
4
C
1
6
C
S cch chn trong trng hp ny l
2
4
C .
1
6
C = 36 cch
S cch chn
1
4
C
2
6
C
1
4
C .
2
6
C = 60 cch
S cch chn c hai mu l 36 + 60 = 96 cch
( )
( )
96 4
120 5
n B
p B
n
= = =

c) Tnh xc sut c t nht 2 qu cu xanh.
Cch 1 :
3
10
C = 120 cch
+ Gi C : c t nht 2 qu cu xanh
S cch chn
2
4
C
1
6
C
2
4
C .
1
6
C = 36 cch
S cch chn
3
4
C
0
6
C
3
4
C .
0
6
C = 4 cch
S cch chn c t nht 2 qu cu xanh l 36 + 4 = 40 cch
( )
( )
40 1
120 3
n C
p C
n
= = =

Cch 2 :
3
10
C = 120 cch
+ Gi C : c t nht 2 qu cu xanh
Tm phn b :
S cch chn
0
4
C
3
6
C
0
4
C .
3
6
C = 20 cch
20
S cch chn
1
4
C
2
6
C
1
4
C .
2
6
C = 60 cch
S cch chn c t nht 2 qu cu xanh l 120 20 60 = 40 cch
( )
( )
40 1
120 3
n C
p C
n
= = =

BT 25: C hai hp ng cc vin bi. Hp th nht ng 2 bi en, 3 bi trng. Hp th hai ng 4
bi en, 5 bi trng.
a/ Ly mi hp 1 vin bi. Tnh xc sut c 2 bi trng.
b/ Dn bi trong hai hp vo mt hp ri ly ra 2 bi. Tnh xc sut c 2 bi trng.
a) S cch ly mi hp 1 vin bi l
1 1
5 9
. 40 C C = cch
+ Gi A : c 2 bi trng
1 qu cu trng hp th nht 1 qu cu trng hp th hai
S cch chn
1
3
C
1
5
C
S cch chn c 2 bi trng l
1
3
C .
1
5
C = 15 cch
( )
( )
15 3
40 8
n A
p A
n
= = =

b) S cch ly 2 vin bi bt k l
2
14
91 C = cch
+ Gi B : c 2 bi trng
S cch chn c 2 bi trng l
2
8
28 C = cch
( )
( )
28 4
91 13
n B
p B
n
= = =

BT 26: Mt lp c 30 hc sinh, gm 8 hc sinh gii, 15 hc sinh kh v 7 hc sinh trung bnh.
Chn ngu nhin 3 em d i hi. Tnh xc sut
a/ 3 hc sinh c chn u l hc sinh gii ;
b/ c t nht mt hc sinh gii ;
c/ khng c hc sinh trung bnh.
a) Tnh xc sut 3 hc sinh c chn u l hc sinh gii ;
+ S cch chn ngu nhin 3 hc sinh l
3
30
4060 C = cch
S phn t ca l n() = 4060
+ Gi A : 3 hc sinh c chn u l hc sinh gii
S cch chn 3 hc sinh gii l
3
8
C = 56 cch
( )
( )
56 2
4060 145
n A
p A
n
= = =

b) Tnh xc sut c t nht mt hc sinh gii ;
Cch 1:
TH 1: 1 hc sinh gii + 1 hc sinh kh + 1 hc sinh trung bnh


21



Cch 2 :
3
30
4060 C = cch
S phn t ca l n() = 4060
+ Gi B : 3 hc sinh c chn c t nht mt hc sinh gii
Tm phn b :
TH 1 1 hc sinh kh 2 hc sinh trung bnh
S cch chn
1
15
C
2
7
C
S cch chn trong TH ny l
1
15
C .
2
7
C = 315 cch
S cch chn
2
15
C
1
7
C
2
15
C .
1
7
C = 735 cch
S cch chn
3
15
C
0
7
C
3
15
C .
0
7
C = 455 cch
S cch chn
0
15
C
3
7
C
0
15
C .
3
7
C = 35 cch
S cch chn 3 hc sinh trong c t nht mt hc sinh gii l 4060 - 315 735 455 35 = 2520
cch
( )
( )
2520 18
4060 29
n B
p B
n
= = =

c) Tnh xc sut khng c hc sinh trung bnh.
3
30
4060 C = cch
S phn t ca l n() = 4060
+ Gi C : 3 hc sinh c chn khng c hc sinh trung bnh
TH 1 1 hc sinh gii 2 hc sinh kh
S cch chn
1
8
C
2
15
C
1
8
C .
2
15
C = 840 cch
S cch chn
2
8
C
1
15
C
2
8
C .
1
15
C = 420 cch
S cch chn
3
8
C
0
15
C
3
8
C .
0
15
C = 56 cch
S cch chn
0
8
C
3
15
C
0
8
C .
3
15
C = 455 cch
22
S cch chn 3 hc sinh c chn khng c hc sinh trung bnh l 840 + 420 + 56 + 455 = 1771
cch
( )
( )
1771 253
4060 580
n C
p C
n
= = =

BT 30: Tm 3 s hng u ca mt cp s cng, bit
a)
1 5
4
2 0
14
u u
S
+ =
b)
2 5
4 3
12
2
u u
u u
+ =
c)
1 2 3
1 2 3
12
48
u u u
u u u
+ + =
d)
7 15
2 2
4 12
60
1170
u u
u u
+ =
+ =

a)
1 1
1 5 1 1
1
1 4
2( 4 ) 0
5 2 0 3 8 0 8
4(2 3 )
2 3 7 14 3 14
2
u u d
u u u d u
u d
u d S d
+ + =
+ = + = =

+
+ = = = =

+ u
2
= u
1
+ d = 8 + (-3) = 5
+ u
3
= u
1
+ 2d = 8 + 2.(-3) = 2
b)
2 5 1 1 1 1
4 3 1 1
12 4 12 2 5 12 1
2 3 ( 2 ) 2 2 2
u u u d u d u d u
u u u d u d d d
+ = + + + = + = =

= + + = = =

+ u
2
= u
1
+ d = 1 + 2 = 3
+ u
3
= u
1
+ 2d = 1 + 2.2 = 5
c)
( )( ) ( )( )
1 1 1 1 1 2 3
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3
2 12 3 3 12 12
. 2 48 . 2 48 48
u u d u d u d u u u
u u d u d u u d u d u u u
+ + + + = + = + + =

+ + = + + = =

( )( )
1
1 1 1
4
. 2 48
u d
u u d u d
+ =

+ + =

( )( )
( )( )
1
1 1 1
1
1 1 1 1 1
4
. 2 48
4
. 4 2(4 ) 48
d u
u u d u d
d u
u u u u u
=

+ + =

+ + =

BT 31: Tnh
20 20
; u s ca mt cp s cng bit a)
2 5
4 3
12
2
u u
u u
+ =
b)
2 3 5
1 6
11
18
u u u
u u
+ =
+ =

II. Hnh hc :
BT 3: Cho t din ABCD v 3 im I, K, H ln lt trn 3 cnh AB, BC, CD. Tm giao tuyn ca
mt phng (IHK) v mt phng (ACD) trong hai trng hp sau y :
a) IK song song vi AC. b) IK ct AC.
a) IK song song vi AC.
B D
C
A
I
K
H
Q

* Ta c H (IHK)
H CD, m CD (ACD) H (ACD)
H l im chung ca mp (IHK) v (ACD) (1)
23
* Ta c
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) / /
IK IHK
AC ACD
IK AC gt

(2)
* T (1) v (2) suy ra giao tuyn ca mp (IHK) v (ACD) l ng thng i qua H v song song vi IK,
AC v ct AD ti Q
b) IK ct AC.
F
E
B D
C
A
I
K
H

* Ta c H (IHK)
H CD, m CD (ACD) H (ACD)
H l im chung ca mp (IHK) v (ACD) (3)
* Trong (ABC), gi E = IK AC
Ta c E IK, m IK (IHK) E (IHK)
E AC, m AC (ACD) E (ACD)
E l im chung ca mp (IHK) v (ACD) (4)
* T (3) v (4) suy ra HE l giao tuyn ca mp (IHK) v (ACD)
BT 4: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD, y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh, tm O. Gi H,K ln lt l trung
im ca SA, SB. Trn SC ly im M bt k (khc S v C).
a) Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD).
b) Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (SAD) v (SBC)
c) Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (HKM) v (SCD).
d) Tm giao im ca ng thng DK v mt phng (SAC).
a) Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (SAC) v (SBD).
* Ta c S l im chung ca mp (SAC) v (SBD) (1)
* Ta c O AC, m AC (SAC) O (SAC)
O BD, m BD (SBD) O (SBD)
O l im chung ca mp (SAC) v (SBD) (2)
* T (1) v (2) suy ra SO l giao tuyn ca mp (SAC) v (SBD)
b) Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (SAD) v (SBC)
* Ta c S l im chung ca mp (SAC) v (SBD) (3)
* Ta c
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) / /
AD SAD
BC SBC
AD BC vi ABCDlahinhbinhhanh

(4)
* T (3) v (4) suy ra giao tuyn ca mp (SAD) v (SBC) l ng thng i qua S v song song vi AD,
BC
c) Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (HKM) v (SCD).
* V HK l ng trung bnh ca SAB nn HK // AB
M AB // CD (v ABCD l hnh bnh hnh)
Suy ra HK // CD
* Ta c M (HKM)
M SC, m SC (SCD) M (SCD)
M l im chung ca mp (HKM) v (SCD) (5)
24
* Ta c
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) / /
HK HKM
CD SCD
HK CD cmt

(6)
* T (5) v (6) suy ra giao tuyn ca mp (HKM) v (SCD) l ng thng i qua M v song song vi
CD, HK v ct SD ti Q
I
H
O
K
B
S
A
D
C
Q
M

d) Tm giao im ca ng thng DK v mt phng (SAC).
* Chn mp ph (SBD) cha DK
* Ta c (SBD) (SAC) = SO
* Trong (SBD), gi I = DK SO
* Ta c I DK
I SO m SO (SAC) I (SAC)
* Vy I l giao im ca DK v (SAC)
BT 5: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang y ln AB. Gi I, J ln lt l trung
im ca SA v SB, M l mt im ty thuc on SD.
a) Tm giao im ca ng thng BM vi mp(SAC).
b) Tm giao im ca ng thng IM vi mp (SBC)
c) Tm giao im ca ng thng SC vi mp(IJM).
a) Tm giao im ca ng thng BM vi mp(SAC).
K
O
J
I
S
C D
B
A
M

* Chn mp ph (SBD) cha BM
* Trong (ABCD), gi O = AC BD
Ta c (SBD) (SAC) = SO
* Trong (SBD), gi K = BM SO
* Ta c K BM
K SO m SO (SAC) K (SAC)
* Vy K l giao im ca DK v (SAC)
b) Tm giao im ca ng thng IM vi mp (SBC)
H
E
J
I
S
C D
B
A
M

25
* Chn mp ph (SAD) cha IM
* Trong (ABCD), gi E = AD BC
Ta c (SAD) (SBC) = SE
* Trong (SAD), gi H = IM SE
* Ta c H IM
H SE m SE (SCB) H (SBC)
* Vy H l giao im ca IM v (SBC)
c) Tm giao im ca ng thng SC vi mp(IJM).
F
H
E
J
I
A
B
D C
S
M

* Chn mp ph (SBE) cha SC
* Ta c (SBE) (IJM) = JH
* Trong (SBE), gi F = SC JH
* Ta c F SC
F JH m JH (IJM) F (IJM)
* Vy F l giao im ca SC v (IJM)
Cch 2:
N
O
J
I
A
B
D C
S
M
F

BT 6: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang, tm O, c y ln l AB . Gi M, N
ln lt l trung im ca cnh SB v SC.
a) Tm giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (SAD) v (SBC)?
b) Tm giao im K ca ng thng SD vi mt phng (AMN)?
c) Tm thit din ca mt phng (AMN) vi hnh chp S.ABCD?
a) Tm giao tuyn ca 2 mt phng (SAD) v (SBC)?
* Ta c S l im chung ca mp (SAD) v (SBC) (1)
* Trong (ABCD), gi I = AD BC
Ta c I AD, m AD (SAD) I (SAD)
I BC, m BC (SBC) I (SBC)
I l im chung ca mp (SAD) v (SBC) (2)
* T (1) v (2) suy ra SI l giao tuyn ca mp (SAD) v (SBC)
I
N
M
O
S
C D
B
A

26
b) Tm giao im K ca ng thng SD vi mt phng (AMN)?
K
H
N
M
O
S
C D
B
A

* Chn mp ph (SBD) cha SD
* Trong (SAC), gi H = AN SO
Ta c (SBD) (AMN) = MH
* Trong (SBD), gi K = SD MH
* Ta c K SD
K MH m MH (AMN) K (AMN)
* Vy K l giao im ca SD v (AMN)
c) Tm thit din ca mt phng (AMN) vi hnh chp S.ABCD?
*Ta c (AMN) (SAD) = AK
(AMN) (SDC) = KN
(AMN) (SCB) = NM
(AMN) (SAB) = MA
* Vy thit din cn tm l AKNM
BT 7: Cho t din ABCD. Gi M, N ln lt l trung im ca AC v BC. Trn on BD ly dim
I sao cho BI = 2ID.
a) CMR : MN // (ABD).
b) Tm giao im ca ng thng CD v mt phng (MNI).
c) Suy ra thit din ca t din ct bi mt phng (MNI).
Q
E
N
M
B
D
C
A
I

a) CMR : MN // (ABD).
Ta c
( )
( )
( ) / / ( ) / /
MN ABD
MN AB vi MNladuong trung binhcua ABC MN ABD
AB ABD

b) Tm giao im ca ng thng CD v mt phng (MNI).
* Chn mp ph (BCD) cha CD
* Ta c (BCD) (MNI) = NI
* Trong (BCD), gi E = CD NI
* Ta c E CD
E NI m NI (MNI) E (MNI)
* Vy E l giao im ca CD v (MNI)
c) Suy ra thit din ca t din ct bi mt phng (MNI).
* Trong (ACD), Q = AD ME
* Ta c (MNI) (ABC) = MN
(MNI) (BCD) = NI
(MNI) (ABD) = IQ
(MNI) (ACD) = QM
* Vy thit din cn tm l MNIQ
27
BT 8: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh thang (AD // BC, AD > BC). Gi M l mt
im thuc min trong tam gic SCD.
a) CMR : BC // (SAD).
b) Tm giao im ca N ca ng thng CD v mt phng (SBM).
c) Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (SBM) v (SAC).
d) Tm giao im H ca SC v mt phng (ABM). Suy ra thit din ca hnh chp ct bi mp
(ABM).
a) CMR : BC // (SAD).
S
C B
D
A
N
M

Ta c
( )
( )
( ) / / ( ) / /
BC SAD
BC AD vi ABCDlahinhthang BC SAD
AD SAD

b) Tm giao im ca N ca ng thng CD v mt phng (SBM).
* Chn mp ph (SCD) cha CD
* Ta c (SCD) (SBM) = SM
* Trong (SCD), gi N = CD SM
* Ta c N CD
N SM m SM (SBM) N (SBM)
* Vy N l giao im ca CD v (SBM)
c) Tm giao tuyn ca hai mt phng (SBM) v (SAC).
I
S
C B
D
A
N
M

* Ta c S l im chung ca mp (SBM) v (SAC) (1)
* Trong (ABCD), gi I = BM AC
Ta c I BN, m BN (SBM) I (SBM)
I AC, m AC (SAC) I (SAC)
I l im chung ca mp (SBM) v (SAC) (2)
* T (1) v (2) suy ra SI l giao tuyn ca mp (SBM) v (SAC)
d) Tm giao im H ca SC v mt phng (ABM). Suy ra thit din ca hnh chp ct bi mp
(ABM).
H
K
I
A
D
B C
S
N
M
Q

* Chn mp ph (SAC) cha SC
28
* Trong (SBN), gi K = SI BM
Ta c (SAC) (ABM) = AK
* Trong (SAC), gi H = SC AK
* Ta c H SC
H AK m AK (ABM) H (ABM)
* Vy H l giao im ca SC v (ABM)
* Trong (SCD), gi Q = HM SD
* Ta c (ABM) (SAB) = AB
(ABM) (SBC) = BH
(ABM) (SCD) = HQ
(ABM) (SAD) = QA
* Vy thit din cn tm l ABHQ
Cch 2:
H
E
A
D
B C
S
N
M
Q

BT 9: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y l hnh thang ABCD c y ln AD = 2BC. Gi O l giao
im ca AC v BD. Gi G l trng tm tam gic SCD. CMR : OG song song vi mt phng
(SBC).
O
E G
A
D
B
C
S

* V ~ OBC ODA nn
1
2
OB OC BC
OD OA AD
= = = = = = = = = = = =
Mt khc v G l trng tm ca SCD nn
1
2
EG
GD
= == =
Vy
1
2
OB EG
OD GD
= = = = = = = = BE // OG
* Ta c
( )
( )
( ) / / ( ) / /
OG SBC
OG BE cmt OG SBC
BE SBC

BT 10: Cho t din ABCD. M l im trn cnh AC. Gi ( ) l mt phng qua M v song song
vi AB, CD. Xc nh thit din ca t din ct bi mt phng ( ) .
* Ta c M ()
M AC, m AC (SBC) M (SBC)
M l im chung ca mp () v (SBC) (1)
* Trong (ABC) c AB // () (gi thit) (2)
* T (1) v (2) suy ra giao tuyn ca mp () v (ABC) l ng thng i qua M, song song vi AB v
ct BC ti N
29
* Ta c N ()
N BC m BC (BCD) N (BCD)
N l im chung ca mp () v (BCD) (3)
* Trong (BCD) c CD // () (gi thit) (4)
* T (3) v (4) suy ra giao tuyn ca mp () v (BCD) l ng thng i qua N, song song vi CD v
ct BD ti P
* L lun tng t giao tuyn ca mp() v (ABD) l ng thng i qua P, song song vi AB v ct
AD ti Q
* Ta c () (ABC) = MN
() (BCD) = NP
() (ABD) = PQ
() (ACD) = QM
* Vy thit din cn tm l t gic MNPQ.
Q
P
N
B
D
C
A
M

BT 11: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. M l im trn cnh AB. Gi
( ) l mt phng qua M v song song vi SC, AD. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp ct bi mt
phng ( ) .
A
D
C
B
S
M
N
P
Q

* Ta c M ()
M AB, m AB (ABCD) M (ABCD)
M l im chung ca mp () v (ABCD) (1)
* Trong (ABCD) c AD // () (gi thit) (2)
* T (1) v (2) suy ra giao tuyn ca mp () v (ABCD) l ng thng i qua M, song song vi AD v
ct CD ti N
* Ta c N ()
N CD, m CD (SCD) N (SCD)
N l im chung ca mp () v (SCD) (3)
* Trong (SCD) c SC // () (gi thit) (4)
* T (3) v (4) suy ra giao tuyn ca () v (SCD) l ng thng i qua N, song song vi SC v ct
SD ti P
* L lun tng t giao tuyn ca mp() v (SAD) l ng thng i qua N, song song vi AD v ct
SA ti Q
* Ta c () (ABCD) = MN
30
() (SCD) = NP
() (SAD) = PQ
() (SAB) = QM
BT 12: Cho hnh chp S.ABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. Gi M,N ln lt l trung im
ca SA, SC
a) Chng minh MN // (ABCD)
b) Gi E l trung im ca BC. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp S.ABCD ct bi (MNE)
I
E
N
A
D
C
B
S
M
Q
P

a) Chng minh MN // (ABCD)
Ta c
( )
( )
( ) / / ( ) / /
MN ABCD
MN AC vi MNladuong trungbinhcua SAC MN ABCD
AC ABCD

b) Gi E l trung im ca BC. Xc nh thit din ca hnh chp S.ABCD ct bi (MNE)
* Ta c E (MNE)
E BC, m BC (ABCD) E (ABCD)
E l im chung ca mp (MNE) v (ABCD) (1)
* Ta c
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) ) / /
AC ABCD
MN MNE
AC MN vi MNladuong trung binhcua SAC

(2)
* T (1) v (2) suy ra giao tuyn ca mp (MNE) v (ABCD) l ng thng i qua E v song song vi
AC, MN v ct CD ti I, ct AB ti Q
* Trong (SCD), gi N = SC PI
* Ta c (MNE) (ABCD) = QE
(MNE) (SBC) = EN
(MNE) (SCD) = NP
(MNE) (SAD) = PM
(MNE) (SAB) = MQ
* Vy thit din cn tm l ng gic QENPM.
BT 13: Cho hnh chp SABCD c y ABCD l hnh bnh hnh. Ly cc im M v N trn cc
cnh SA v SB sao cho
SM SN
SA SB
= . Gi P l mt im ty trn cnh SC. Hy xc nh giao im
ca mt phng (MNP) vi ng thng SD, thit din to bi mt phng (MNP) vi hnh chp
SABCD.

31
Q
N
B
A
D
C
S
M
P

* Ta c P (MNP)
P SC, m SC (SCD) P (SCD)
P l im chung ca mp (MNP) v (SCD) (1)
* Ta c
( (( ( ) )) )
( (( ( ) )) )
/ / / /
MN SAB
CD SCD
MN AB CD

(2)
* T (1) v (2) suy ra giao tuyn ca mp (MNP) v (SCD) l ng thng i qua P v song song vi
CD, MN v ct SD ti Q
* Vy Q l giao im ca SD v (MNP)
* Ta c (MNP) (SAB) = MN
(MNP) (SBC) = NP
(MNP) (SCD) = PQ
(MNP) (SAD) = QM
Cch khc:
I
Q
N
O
B
S
C
D
A
M
P

* Chn mp ph (SBD) cha SD
* Trong (ABCD), gi O = AC BD
Trong (SAC), gi I = SO MP
Ta c (SBD) (MNP) = NI
* Trong (SBD), gi Q = SD NI
* Ta c Q SD
Q NI m NI (MNP) Q (MNP)
* Vy Q l giao im ca SD v (MNP)
* Ta c (MNP) (SAB) = MN
(MNP) (SBC) = NP
(MNP) (SCD) = PQ
(MNP) (SAD) = QM

ÔN TẬP HỌC KỲ 1 TOÁN 11-2013-2014

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