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 :
0 ) 1 (
- - -

1
)( 8 )( .
0
10101
.
)
(
32 00000 11111 5 ^ 2
) ^ = (
) 10 0 9
( 5 -
) 100000 = 5^10( ) 00000 (99999
....
)(
) ( .
: 8 )( 16 ) 2( 32 ) 4(
:
8 <<< 256 = 8 ^ 2
16 <<< 65536 = 16 ^ 2
32 <<< 4294967296 = 32 ^ 2 ) 4 (


) ( .Digital Divices

 :
) (

1 0 -:
--------------------------------- Hard Disk Data Cable
40 Bin 40
.

Mother Board
Ram Processor
0 1

----------------------- -: Registers ) 0
) (1 ( Flip Flop
Logic Gates )
(
0 1 VCC
0000000 -: Ram -

.
-: Hard Disks


) (

: Power
Source :

. Data Cables

. Data Bus and Control Bus
....... AX , BX -
- Flip Flops Bins -:
bin ) ( ) ( 1 .....
.
Control Bins
.....

 :


-:
Data Bus - 1
) -
(
) - - (

) 16 16 16
Data Bus 16 32 64 (
Address Bus - 2
)
(
) ( )
(

8086 20
= 1 = 20 ^ 2 :
32
Control Bus - 3




------------------------------ : [MOV AX,[1000 "
1000 AX
1000 )
( Address Register

AR Data Bus
AX
) (
-:
-1 .
- 2 .
- 3 .

Syncronization

 :
-:
-------------------------- ....
/ / 0 1 ) (
txt doc exe dll
)(exe , dll , ocx , com , bin -: + .
+ ). (.... , ocx , dll , exe
+ :
) (exe , com Xacker
.
+ .
- : hello
" "Press Any Key To Exit
------- --------- - :

 + .
+ .
+ ) . (KeyBoard
: + ". "Hello
+ ""Press Any Key To Exit
------- --------- ...... ) ( -: + .
+ .
+
-:
http://www.onicos.com/staff/iz/formats
http://whatis.techtarget.com/fileFormatA
/http://myfileformats.com

) ( . . Data Segment . Code SegmentCODE

Each program must consist from some code Instructions and some data
blocks

 :
:
-:
------------------ Machine Language
) ML
] [
8= (
)
( MOV,ADD,CMP -
- )
011000000000101 ( mov al,5
Assembler
IBM-PC
8086 X86 :
) ( 80286 / 80186 / 8088 / 8086 16 ) / 80486 / 80386
=80586 =80686 / 1 =80786 / 2 =80886 / 3 ( 4 32
64

.

.
-:
---------------- .

 -:
--------------------------------


)(


. ++

 :
: -:
Mother Board Microprocessor
- ROM=Read-Only Memory =
RAM=Random-Access Memory Power Supply
Expansion Slots ) ( .
- :
-------------
X86 .
-: Execution Unit And Bus Interface Unit
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Execution Unit EU
Bus Interface Unit BIU
. Arithmetic And Logic Unit
ALU Control Unit CU .
Bus Control Unit
Segment Registers= ) Instruction Queue
.( FIFO=First In First Out

.
.

 .
) (

.
fetching execution
.
- -: ROM = Read-Only Memory
------------------------------------------------------------- IC )-
ROM (
BIOS=Basic Input Output System

.
BIOS POST=Power On Self Test


.
-: RAM = Random Access Memory
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------

......
)
( .
.

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