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1.

1.1

1
2

1.2

1.

1
22

1
3
,5 2 ,3 5

2.

5 5
8 ,2

8
5

3.

105 4 4
22 , 5 , 5

2.
2.1

()

2.1.1

- 0 - 1 0

A ,B,C ,D,E F

1. 0
6

0 A 1

10
22

2. 0

0 B 2

1
6

2
6 ( )

3. C =

1
3

D =

4
6

4
6

E =

3
6

F =

2
3

5
6

2.1.2

-
1.
0

6
6

6
6

6
6

0 - 1

2.

3 0 1

3.

2.1.3

2
3

0 2

2
3

4
6

2.2
()

2.1

:-

4
6

24
5

= 2 +

4
6

4
5

24
5

24
5

4
5

4
5

2 3

5 5

4
5

4 5

1.
-

-
.

25
225

75
675

675

:-

25
225

75
675

25
25 25
1
=
=
=> 225 225 25 9
75
27 75
1
=
=
=> 675 675 75 9

25
225

75
675

1
9

15
135

13
104

=>

15
15 15
1
=
=
135 135 15 9

13
13 13
1
=
=
=> 104 104 13 8

15
13

135 104

25
225

75
675

=> 25 675
=> 225 75

= 16875
= 16875

25
75

=
225
675


1.
2.

a c
=
b d
a
c

b d

ad = bc

ad

bc

.
1.
-
1.1 ...
1.2 ...

1.3

1.4

3
4

4
5

1.

... ...

4 5

...

20

2.

3
4

20

= 5
4
5

20

5 = 4

...

4 ... 20

5 ... 20

3.

=>
3 3 5 15
=
=
4 4 5 20
4 4 4 16
=
=
5 5 4 20

=>
4.
16
20

16
20

- 16 > 15

16
20

15
20

15
> 20

4
5

>

3
4

2.
-

3
7

1.
-

63

4
9

3
7

4
9

- 7 9 ...

2. ...

=>

3
7

7 ... 63

63 7 = 9
=>

4
9

63 9 = 7

3.

4.

9 ... 63

27
63

=>

3 ( 3 9 ) 27
=
=
7
79
63

=>

4 ( 4 7 ) 28
=
=
9
97
63

27
63

28
63

-27 > -28

27 28
>
63
63

3 4
>
7
9

10

1.

7
10

8
12

12

...

8
12

10 12

60

2. ...

=>

=>

7
10

60 60 10 = 6
8
12

60 60 12 = 5

10 ...

12 ...

3.
=>

=>

7
76
42
=
=
10
10 6
60

8
85
40
=
=
12
12 5
60

4.

7
10

8
12

7
10

8
12

- 40 > - 42

42
40
<
60
60

7
8
<
10
12


@@ ...

7
12

6
15

12

1.
6
15

7
12

15

2.

6
15

15

=>

7
7 15
105
=
=
12
12 15
180

3.

7
12

6
15

7
12

12

=>

4.

6
6 12
72
=
=
15
15 12
180

105
180

<

105
180

72
180

72
180

-
-

-105< - 82

105
180

7
12

<

<

72
180

6
15

2
1.


1.1
1.


6
7
6 + 7 13
+
=
=
15 15
15
15

2.

6
7
+
=?
15 15

13
15

5
7
+
=?
16 16

5
7
5 + 7 12
+
=
=
16 16
16
16

=>

12 12 4 3
=
=
16 16 4 4

3
4

1.2
5 7
+
=?
16 16

3.

5 7
5 +7
2
+
=
=
16 16
16
16

=>

2
2 2
1
=
=
16 16 2 8

1
8

1.3
4.


5 7 ( 5 ) + ( 7 ) 12
+
=
=
16 16
16
16

5 7
+
=?
16 16

=>

12 (12 4 ) ( 3) 3
=
=
=
16
16 4
4
4

5.

3
4

2
7
( ) + ( ) = ?
5
5


2
7
2 7
( ) + ( ) =
+
5
5
5
5

( 2 + ( 7 )
5

9
5

9
4
= 1
5
5

4
5

9
5

2.

...

...

: 1.

4
3
) ( 3 )
13
7 =

4
3
) ( 3 )
13
7

4
3
) + (3 )
13
7

=(
3

3
7

3+

4
3
)+3+
13
7

3
7

= [(

4
3
)+ ]+3
13
7

1. 2

...

2.
13 7 ...
= 91

3.
...

91 13
91

( 4 7 ) + ( 3 13 )
]+3
91

7
13

( 3

( 28 + 39 )
]+3
91

11
+3
91

11
91

11
91

:-

4.1.1
4.1.2
@

2 7
=
5 8
?
2 7 27
=
5 8 58

4.1.1

4.1.2

14
40

14 2
7
=
40 2 20

7
20

2.

4 10

=?
5 7

4 10 4 10

=
5 7
57

4.1.1

4.1.2
=
=

=
=

40
35

40 5
35 5

8
7

8
1
=1
7
7

8
1
1
7 7

@
3.

2 8
=?
3 9

2 8 ( 2) 8
=
3 9
39

4.1.1

4.1.2
=

16
27

16
27

16
27

1
5
( 2 ) ( ) = ?
3
6

1
5
7
5
( 2 ) ( ) = ( ) ( )
3
6
3
6

1
(2 )
3

7
( )
3

4.1.1 4.1.2

( 7 ) ( 5 )
36

35
18

17
18

35
17
1
18 18

5 10 22

=?
6 18 35

4.1.2

4.1.1

5 10 22

6 18 35

5 (1)

2 (2)

2 (3)

(2) (3)

4.1.1 4.1.2

(1)

1 5 11
397

55
189

55
189

3
16
12
)(
)( ) = ?
32
25
26

4.1.2

4.1.1

3
16
12
)(
)( ) =
32
25
26

3 (1)

2 (2)

2 (3)

(3)

(1) (2)

( 1) 8 6
7 ( 25 ) 13

4.1.2

48
2275

=
=

4.1.1

48
2275

48
2275

a
b

:-

c
d

a
b

c
d

:-

a c
a c
=
b d
b d

4.2

12

12
1


( 4

( 4

4
)7 = ?
11

4
48
)7 = (
)7
11
11

(7 =

7
1

7
1

=(

48
7
)
11
1

48 7
11 1

4.1.1 4.1.2
=
=

30

6
11

336
11

30

6
11

( 6

( 6

5
) 33 = ?
11

5
71
) 33 = (
) 33
11
11

=(

71
33
)
11
1

71 33
11 1

4.1.1 4.1.2

11

=
=
=

71 3
1 1

213
1

-213

-213

4.3
-

-21

-8

8
1

21
1

5 ( 6

5 ( 6

5
)=?
11

5
71
) 3 = ( 5
)
11
11

5
71
(
)
1
11

( 5 ) ( 71 )
11 1

535
11

4.1.1 4.1.2

48

7
11

48

7
11

48

7
11

1.


2.


3.

3.1

3.2

3.3

:-

-
a
b

-
a
b

c
d

c
d

:a
b

c
d

a
b

d
c

a , b , c d

b , c d (0)

@@

a c
a d
=
b d
b c

a
a c
= b
c
b d
d
a
a d

b = b c
c
c d
d
d c

d
c

c
d

a d

b
c
=
c d
d c

1
a d

b
c
=
1

a d
b c

@@

a
b

3
5
( )
4
8

3
5
( )
4
8

3
8
( )
4
5

38
)
4 5

24
)
20

24 4
)
20 4

6
( )
5

6
1
= 1
5
5

6
1
1
5
5

@@

7
2
( ) ( 2 )
9
3

7
8
( ) ( )
9
3

7
2
( ) ( 2 )
9
3

7
8
( ) ( )
9
3

7
3
( ) ( )
9
8

21
)
72

21 3
)
72 3

7
)
24

7 3
)
98

7
24

7
24

@@

(1)

2
3 ( 2 )
3

3
8
( )
1
3

3
8
( )
1
3

2
3 ( 2 )
3

3
3
( )
1
8

3 ( 3 )
)
18

9
)
8

1
8

1
8

@@

(1)

1
( 6 )
7

1
( 6 )
7

36
6
( )
7
1

36
1
( )
7
6

36 ( 1)
)
76

36
)
42

36 6
42 6

6
7

6
=

6
7

6
7

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