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Hwee he rion sy oon egeence inden setae in tne poges—in non tomy tone Red Pg oye Yung. dy fend an fer ome eee the here aston ee (By Asan ence etc eng wh ingots or ny. pra interest expi el epson ih oy Imag: prey ecipes 3 lpn aes fo my oe ‘iment ideo pact concerning ss se ner Ao Aion ex eniyathy nerec ith eda aiaed gh pe Anau prods (eg, ong Kong op high kan pero Watrumese Armen ppl mae More epilator © ene comes ot of my pv arte wrk oh pl eee Sfiky ee (Atm ine-Asn| dene, in yk 9 Seto haven 1999) 20 Free ton 999) Prone pts rosin io, Rr Baton pe fk oto oat ot Fists in ose aad of ting ne poecvein Mt Aso nen "ely uth open te pes ferent aod resenting hrm intalepptie ce Aan tuybotom who: feck ere ihe some nti Htr on oe ‘apt onthe enon the ot lar he at he ah a ‘iad prrmaneand cet Imani ona bei af he polis ef que Ain tome The ue of cnerig the destng in imnipanspcintr rah within yee eer {oo} nhs woke ted tage rch ee es The Gime Pr Rae Saal 150) wih Be Lancer, Quedee aes Were Faubinr 98) wh rat Dari nd Vetere | eascrdeor mere rene i fic acount tenga unite hero pee fier ad coed ar, this exile tages taney pom eons ‘pe youry borin om su ox aesas Th paes ed German say tes once apne e dy de on Calor ech Working ost texan cing ee ‘ig otecmtherant hereaingeny"emation a sey kee cron thigh eas ingot joy. ner gure pn ‘to bend sun repre, ely mage end ped Asthese bit coments pling my onn at de par at, mo ied ners et these of Nome An Amen ‘ial epee a he taf he etry een lin thee ‘queer eprint a he ple of sie come Sulpacice wmeting akin oa queer Asa Americ ‘orogeny Selina mai tx menor of he nit xt he an low bge eer Asan expel nadine cn key tee the bla petin fhe Asana body in ye pert ‘omer under itrogion Risa werent arsine compet ‘ements cmp, and omen aid re Invest fos Ming on ae ated od sbi neon ‘ecu mch lesan andy fifa od i wel, Aaa Areca, (Gd An Coat ln etl tee retin nog sherane eshtiton pce cotnstn kd supper an oflerespmre rte ‘er Smeal the mort ect im adviser eee eee ede iar Fang Cin 196) Maes Yang The Qe Cain ‘op Fld ule sr Wiis asc St Caley Le) ‘un Pom. 000; Trin, 3203, Ho Tm (a fh 97 99 ‘Mo 1998 tm a 999, Mich! 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Tote: ce Pom (Soe Ct195 Danii he Rain” Ct guy 3753-47 Dm Dai. 2000.The ang Cn Hong Konner it Ameria ‘pion Th Cen Hog Kg try A yo, oh a Deer Candge Cate Unt Pe 9-4, ‘yer car 1993 “Coming Teme: Cay Rvp On ners © Noni: ge a asc a tenga Opens Steen Gey Porgy" i ses aol Cro: Maan sin in sn Ami, Tain, ta M976 "an Westen sd Kang Fu Fl Gece of io- een Gp Vln he See Thos ine ew ot: Mon ach 46-6 an ain F201 "Fp oping Fon” or, Ma 35, “Ci. 999 Senhora Ln Gan tt 83-35 amen Dog 198-AtanPerunion” ae iy Vie Shen May. 45. et ot Ten oh Lon Angra Kg Phin. am nouren an ionna lng Cheng, New Yon Contd User Press ‘ft chang 998M snd Set Set Hirt Mason Pe HongKong Poplar Care’ Came Cee 35:125-33 Losi Ke 2008 Prion hn Main Sty and Cede Cia Co edge: Candis Unrest rem Some Ne Dake Uaerny Pe. ihe oa Ane New Film an Video by Quer Asan American At ‘ssh Comte: Asan aon Fm Cran Dae Hamat {lin Pepe Tele Uneray Pres 3-4 ‘opi Amy Aig 2068" Ne Wane Be us ke re "Aan Aer Cn Kgs Tt ad Cau cane te Margi Jornal of An ‘tin ia 4 nt Cestepes 1994 Hora Spy Representation Chane enn ay rag” aC 98590. Pun Li, Dn 19st no ace: ace Natio Mga.” ‘nina Ha Cringe acl Prot Std a: St ed Unter Pare, Rae Sir 1998 Wie Ta Met he ‘te Brown Monkeys: “eh ee el So rac Gere Alans ewe Whe ‘Woking Ces Worcs ab pon Immigrant Men he 9a nd n" ‘rere fort 205-4 isos Spi Ai: Th Cf tera ape” Cofics ‘Poin Mainn Winch ad ey on Rl New rsd. aor “der Yoon 997 tl Pay: Dune Rae and Maen the Mer Thar Cowan Randi Sue Macadeed Hry Seeapien ‘nd Mh Ure Dura NC: Dae Une Pres 538. “Spt 197 Han Hog om: The Be Dimension, ann: Beh Flin ‘ang Dan 1999. “eyed aking My et Referens Gay le dco or Pr: recto, Popp nh Fe end es Ela a Anker NY: Promet 49-7. wagers 300 Gay A Veo Sr Decoy. apn HC Co peson Po itn, Lind 8, Har Cr Pe Paso the rez of the Ve” ‘eh: Unies f Clr Pre.‘Wong, Sung Chi 195 Soe Do ag he By ae 990 hte Pc Maren Caled” Cr Me Aor of Aan A (ae Cali ri 674 ‘Wong ang mre) Sa Aa 1999." ad erly a sim Aen ete ee Ea)” ip nal of Won n Cae a a5, a6. ‘Skin Flicks on the Racial Bordo: Pornography, Exploitation, “ond interacial Lust, erin ecclissi ily snc Whos been argue atthe ocd csi cinema seus by 4 foe retions posed on a single robin: “No nonwhite an have ationed weal elton with a white woman’ (Browne Yet thpokition sna egulty outed atin today's Hel then inh paral nea ia the an erando Valle where ine eoerporry prnopapy bees “nterrcal als special 2 vor reel te taboos tatonce eg upremein Hollywood Videos ites ke lc Taboo, Whien Ling Cle. lack Mast, Wie White Dicks/Rak Chis, White Tash, Ala Spach, Clr Bn, rk Cen ok speak bout rca ferences sexin way that el> Inthe ctace have often resize unspealable. The loudest thing “heyy stha rasing the Car Line oink yet anther ie canbe sen “vec especialy teins betwee lack and white hat had ben most Tuy eet Ares try of hate ler. 1FHollrwond hasbeen ching in “honest and open exlrations ofthe complies o interacial oul traci Cates 199% 96), pornography and septation cinema fre at east been wing to explore wht more ob os doe.eciizos Sousty ‘Abdul JnMohamed as coined the erm rie eat 10 deste the fld im which Miche! Foucault's familar “deployment of exalt inne with ee fama "deployment of re” anMobaed 1992 94) Racal seruaity i contracted around and through the pling of on tuneqally permease) racal borer, Unlike “bouges sexual? which ‘emergedthvoughacompulanedaeusearticlasen, racalnd sexily” Ins ben haraterized by 2c lence (94) Wil Foul teaches that bourgeois sony ae artculted hough the intersection of och nique of confeason and scientific dscuriiy, raced ema la nied Stes wat more occule, grounded a asin the "open scr ofthe white masters Sera dese 2nd sexu eof the em line (009) JenMured args that hi sera elton, which imply nonleed the slave's hmanity,theatened the sintenance ofthe aia other na subservient postion, “Unable runing to repeat ds the maser sence the vito te bode and efiest recognize, thigh any for of analytic dco, the rel of inaction, This peli Slence presents the deepen ofthe kin of oneonal nd eee lacs central othe depleyment of sou as Focal defines it (204) The hypersonaiaation of the back ody fale and female in oie ‘ays paral the"hyseristion afte white woman's ody bath ae epe= sented accel saturated with eal, Howe, the dcr lation of he female bd timate iterates that bd no th oh ay. wile the dcaree sence ad ack of oeeston abou sel ele tins with he acted ode hat ame at segresing i rom the sec ow. anMohamed dus argue ht raced somal costes a version of bourgoi scaly; whee bougelesemlty eden by am may wilo Knowle se wall an emp dacs clio seruy i even by a wil 0 eonceal ite mechan arb snempical eretype (0, The situation anMobamed deeesbes maybe rat enough fo the er he excrbes (his ey centers on 2 reading of chad Wrights Nate Sn ‘What happens howeve, wen the raced body comes the bjt of orogrphy= unique bran of confession? fa Ihave argued (8), pr oprapy seca confer the incre traf xl what happens when aciliaed bode at ash o weve heir "wath? thi cae the peculiar sere” that fnMohame’ so apy descibes ca un nto ny | sere either interracial or ames desire may experience a ambien ‘mac offear and dese hts part of thee image appa we re wing to acknowledge that interacial lst voles ou of he ‘taboo italy mpesed by the white master, bat whch ow serve We ‘ize eld of sexily that no leger hs sl rove then we bea to recognize the vale of rein of commotion In cotempoaty ‘sal eulture 2nd not cy in muchas high a ncaa Bat what fn now tun odie im” example of nrc st which ‘no one ol el hgh ar apd which ot even aterpting, ke Cron ‘the Cor Line. couer the asm af the pr nds, bet which seems ‘gous oemiraceit cadet terratype? et Me Tl abot Whie Chis Dusk Brothers. 198 sapernvideo ‘Hat became notorious, and popu. for te atcaation fl the tro.‘pes and ces of rc ference. Since ela fn 984, when it won {hese Best Petre award ithar acquired something of Cul ste ad ‘ns. ke many other porntites been eubequeny lsd asa" ‘he ideo box procs it “The Origa nteall Cai” eden Ite is fear white wore mar ln navertenty.amiting hi far {ite men White men fr thelr pr, ave istarely eared Bac ale owes. even while and at means of exercising vex sverige tack women. White ale fear ofthe ck mars sextet to white i ingest igi swe is eve fal King gine aed ured i bak Ten gbbet sta eat ands and eon ae faery sug Gon, Atal. was mote ep “ie Meare ws so mach als ede So we tia fbr per Contd nd common ee Be. jos See iy Hae toon ee ect td danced o win eet the spe. oy nal ign manuscript ofthis Dok, however Koon hd lee 8 erent version of his exon for nterveningsresing this me feet wit called her Tear of Mandingo see Fike gps} Ina tay 26,1902, ntersew wth the La Ae Ties fer his acta nthe ft (tate) tl Koon ee expla “hath mean bytes word, which wee everuay eliminated om he “bok insite this sera prowess of acs on he ld aan “he South nd intercourse between backs and whites on planation otha’ here the fear cores, Becanse es Hck” Koons asin ‘evorhy of te he wes the wend neue rae than the wor ape ‘whi logic of np fea erst pl Yet he cleat wants pests evar sing the wite weran fom a fearing ack "extrowesot cdear whee relies that “neem betwee lacks Aalhter onthe pataton orally ected almost enielybete ‘nite mses and ck loves. Mort key he attempting to subcribe {oth Recontraction er myth ofthe blplear white woman need fe eo the at lace man bya eo white man aio) Bu the ‘scenario n longer: Koos improbable imputation of seul fear tthe ‘tft land bight profesional Melanie Singer at the moment King was Surrounded by no ls han eh highway pata cers wih dra ans fpr more aba is mm seal fees rpiéing the eorpernce of the female cop who these to usurp his own autho. The altos In is tor at eling in one version he atbates seal fea to Singer: in noe version mere offense, Ie clea tht in both aes, es and of feos are no onl 3 projection of an atl sex threat cto King but a form of panishent enacted on Singer fo ving the gallo place raf in the Diy Hare postion of mae aie The refer Tor which he tls pied herby taking oer the are may very wel beth she wat a rf competet co ding herb resting pede. {tthe same tne, omer, Kon’ seo the pate ea rove of aks srething of white sen ry flack etary a hrs oi boned racists He Thomas Dice .W.Gofith wou have Inve. Tis ny sige inherited rom a much more recent egaey of parnrapy and expltaton cinema that has elinated inthe fnasy Aepcon fiat Int hed above Whe Sicey Koon would ke vs to adie tht Singers Yer of Mandingo smal encounter” cased hit ‘ont Radney King’s beatig hs matiesdifered fom Dixon and Gr fits brand of race, Lie ther, ke wants fo hep Mack ren and wie ‘ome ithe plac, Bu nie them be seme aware of he rious wpe ‘wich he faa fe ck ale eal est othe white woman hae lk become material for over tllating neni. ‘Onecluetohisdierent deployment of he igute ofthe “backbeas" may lien Roots peculiar use of the word Mandingo ich designates, along ‘vith the varit Mond, tbe of Aca waar ineted of Mack ot ‘Afan oa ofthe eet valiant ptt aparecly ed by ‘ce bifid rng Kings beating This won signal Hoof owe ‘Conecios acknowledge tht he cna invokes a since he 9708 become someting more than the white patna fa of he poltion of | hicown acl line by ahypesecl Arca sve snd the subsequent ero ontrloner "his" women. Mandingo does not pean to Stacey Kon ener ‘So what Aran meant to Dion adel Oe aso my be hat i septation fil wth he ey ie Mandngs which Stacey i ld enought ave sen a teenager. had len functioned scenario of white eal feat ithe ace oak mae st: Stacy Severe King’ aed but and yaed hie may hae ame in foe athe ie the Klan, but the raced and fear hat Kean tempted pojec oto Melanie Singer wat no his belive tion. Tis x one reson fo seni oh onan element with te word fm fear of Mandingo ema encounter” Koon so invoked 3 dese for that encounter dpc nthe ln of he sie chard Fischer 1975 ni ost anous for its depiction nse taboo breaking seduction of ber husband Mandingo ako, ne component of he lyy of Blak ower in Aes alr since the sities bee fight the stereotype of he Tom wih gesureeeflack ale vty. Prom the vie tances slack Power movement proper to Edge Cleaver cis have women Solon oan aay fet seresiee baton Mardi flowed, ote Bac Powered poses a ie he define gestre by which the ck man ase his bie dominated word hs become s automatic a rea the white womar? was to Stacey Koon Perhaps we cul begin the each ofthe yeaaracl tase that fal he eons ce 20 any Is we might eter understand wtf Stacy Koon raved hs ie but alo he eto Rode Ki his atin te ist plc. ee eet understand Stacey Kons tefl proton ono Meir fear ofa Mantingo vert encoune”aanenuof extemal highly seep white and Mack sea fer that Koon Ge tose reaching ac the mythic platen but which ir mainstem popula etre nth 19708 1s de emergence mitre of acl fea and eae that 1 would ke o amine now. sen, the racially inflected hard. cote porno examined ection ress onthe ol purely phobic, pct of the ene ack male Inthes newt mts of he Ol South come vith post-it er amertoneoflck power and Hak potency ut how do thy actual itera? Wecan ee the ft inte catastophic cals othe relive macho ge described shovels geste wth which Radney KngabersIi defiance of he ow by api asexlly rovcatie” pve vis a ‘white woman pale ofcr andthe sete str of beating the Hack ‘man in rder‘o zeae white woman who mas never really in danger. 1 would soges hat nether af hoe retest constitutes a par epeton of {hep themach band of King eresponsto Singer order sas deeply conditioned bythe ery same 1970s poplar clare that Stacey Koa in ‘verte imokes whe he sy he word Mandingo. The macho bravado ‘of Kon teapee, which want ce tel epetng seu of eric tescu ut ofthe mythic white supremacist art alo deeply conditioned bythe imagination of "Black Power” sexual rome The word Mandingo stems to function a screen memory—a memory that bth recalls ad ‘oc out unresoed gues of interac sex and sence peresating inthe elute ce the 19708. would therefore beoose us, before ty ing toy too such ore about Stacy Kaom and Rodney King tases, torrmine thes led Mandingo a away of excavating « moment in “American clare when maitieam aionces ack swt, began te find tilason nota dangerin depiction of nercal st Mange Mandingo pongo, aor many ewer who i ot et ‘ent it the or hears of he came cle, Rodewet wan ‘nosy ewe ar neo bole and wok dah Died by Rida cern, andi ita he bx lie nga ol rey pon ect icc da No doesthirater ‘ogee roel Rim dey bog tthe tga of Moon fi However bs wert, aE Goer (099) i ton tem lps war loos word fron epotation of beth aca orth bce popes decay priate verymrvinto Helwan ea an mid 970; Often beak hoaght {back dcr, apes peal fe otempary soning fut and tec geres tin he ier ey wth conte rey pes eer sd tough sexily eae Backhoes who ded ‘nl power eur bhckand hte women aac Hoe heme ‘ogo Sh i Richard Ronde 57 singe atheaack rate ick thas sxmchin forall the dks andi conta acon nation of th Old South ma rected by wie man sed hs «po trary hehe Bute ation ee ira ak oe ‘gust acs whe a clebrating Hack male sex proms. Ako He ai ce ear ha atm mene he played nich major ein Halpwoot every fm 9 Aba seer The im rpresents anew pst-ci rights post -Blck the coerce eral eatons of savey atone which io oi interest intone elton inal Manding resets oncern a young wite maser (Perry King) who open enor "ba eignar wih» pica femal ve whe ubeknowns 10 senile we wif artvey ejos the sens series Mandingo buck Here Kyle Onset engi 1957 noel ao sex n he plantation hae ben eel with a poste ight of black power at seat vies Gone wh the Wa ofthe patton coda The patti, psi oeey ster enebled patch hares Mason breed ft When theyoung mater coves that hisrew feist ig, one fat previo dive "bed weches" and develops oat ihe Sex betwee mae nd lav nt il Pe ‘tanspessie,tgh the oman ature ofthis Tetons. eslouy nd rast dese, i wf he orders her husband tosersie he sera ina elong sex scene When he bes birth ox mine cil the master kl and pois W ee thing the films et howeve wht Stace Kons confit seemed tomatoe aleson aching white women tofearthe Te Kon, lade i testi ths case a save revo Manin back mae revenge oa the wte master mark the ln ae posi ight er exreson of ack poe The ln systema‘oes hap Mack serv with equal arts of Back age a ic em dle Thereatetwo msorintenaci sex scenes. Theyate atthe fistine ‘acl ex eenes fered up fr pee at oppmed opi. eres ‘nauseam American cinema butthey ae thermos ustaned andthe most provcae nthe challenge to plantation gare preciso” Hath ental Irengressive coi recogni diferece “The fis sene show the young master o init another patton ‘nde he andi tring companion recive seve women fr the night [Atough ie hs previous been shown thave mater ft beeing lbtons with female svete Kindy Hammond here responds dierent Skene the rditictetmen fone be women bistro panlon and responding the fear shown by Elen the woman be as been (Gren, be teats inte net roorn with et. But the ie is companion fa planted on "his" worn nwotion ofthe code aaa reaintinsey betwen the acer alo repulse him, en fr ber pat isaken by the ugh ition hex flow aed of er own auton (he svi £0), andinigue by Haman ues mboied by aclhood ‘nr hat eft ame. He eiproates er kindness towards ame- ‘nes by elingher hs fae does wot wan! to tay she eed During the ‘cn she stands above hin. Ane Brion ha arged tht Harmon “hopin ofismantery then ads lens deseo please hr. Suggs ing nor the submission fs aera Ba the emotional cmmitent of lover Beton, who unt the st major defense ofthe fm, rguer ‘tht Harn and les ths recone thi diference: abe veces fact "tate master ad he overcomes thee tht he rs slave a well hit rerun othe idea of ing sive on the moth "Where Bron apc th ins "or and tats become clean fo Ha and tat he “enounces mastery) | Would argue thatthe bros- tin of mastery can neve be come este, fs what ahs {he scene's ert ension ed, if we lok st ow master ad sve et ‘othe point oftheir dramatic ast his, we Se that diference and mastery ae never tay overcome. Fr example, even though Har tells Elen that Se fc nto serie him, and ere though he ites het “pt your ‘jeter me look at me sight nt my eyes, sbe esis: Tea. Nigers dort” Ahh Beton ares tht Ham then mae ety os ber ek thin and it when thet gzes meet hey orecore ter leences. sugesthat the shi fom demanding ating does not overcome mastery ‘ornegae diferenc. Ben's neve ule toes amaster ander oot sd tatu dot become relevant Gt Ham, Rather, the become eleant nano wy Ble ei colder ther ed pee the me Aer he te een Ham ht he ed er ki ‘hereon wth werd on sey we cits ei ons wet ee ou" es orntingenssion of a Tmnarsman terme sir scoverpocting engaeno ense ‘oman ne, hen i alert reson bt on Atermout atthe oq ged ye ple an at el he een tn ee nef pod nd ed ire ht fd ihc orn wy, hovers, tar Kine st oot ep “geval dl licenced (95 09 ne tea tons ‘even te an slaved ral tei erie engin of ham Mong ps nave, tne nae ‘hn et at etre tei intial ic rey PP “exposing the hornlogy of the black ima and female) slave's poston as ‘el nd he we mip beer fr the at el Speier i real cr el eco ch ae ition he hoagie tna whe ae Iueetvith amnend Mannge se Mee Tere a etc um pect ter Sty Koren Tur spt sine et Taxes pct a oo Tum comes cid in hw rope fe cl er eterna nd rete gn ae pe rng Got each ca eines Sed Dean ingen a extn eles eee a Adsl ares din intro cn ens Hee Aen he dnlecict coin wen helo nh bods ‘hats even ential poco ue Hep am een Cle Pra Shin 0) on pe tng, Sle Ser ce: Mong he ax Pa feces eg sip thei {ete the onman dh din Penomely o S 977 ferme popia olen hat toe gp or" than elemento tgs be he tern thro sho is any an coe a: ge es lon tetieter interme deine dee oh or triton bn th ge eof dea ee ‘Ginette ra ton smo ti onion tween smenen fee ine cso fw tena of Aiveincer onal orto merch nin geesel scenato (Caines 2001 62) The Heel len of mastery Hes ‘nthe fc tha the mace compete the mone he ase flo ahve seins cascouaes, or the master needs be rengnized yan ‘dependent wir consciousness which pecily the as ot ranted throw. The muster ery per rarer therecopition ois or ‘wiland conscious by a independent ter. sia Bejamin calls thit ‘Gen the etc of ono eampctey contl the ater, then he ther ese oe, ad the other completely cote me then ease toes (3) Only in tal eoguton can the wo become what Hegel cals acvely univers subjects. eg padi may oer «way of conceiving frm of eopaiion tended a forms of acazed and semaled subjugation inherited from ‘Ameria slavery Jd Baler (2500) rece interpretation of bah ‘Hegel and Josie Renu jc the noson af muta region that factions at onmative el fn carion fhe ter bythe sa. Acad ing Bur, the kind foveroming of ference thst wesw Briton rue shove with rept Manding woald onstutean ample ofthe esy and ‘vey opis lterpetation ht she alleges Sn Benjamin In con tran Ble straser version fhe mustrslaeecogriton tht test rnin the rik of destruction Bt srk cf destruction also owes, ‘hearts cote fhe sl ira ecogntio rounded in dilrence tnd instability, Ble argument x operand mance hima cha engin enari's yadconcept of dese with move mkile—heter- sae, homes, nd unnamably seed triad Lona fromthe banc ado tht retin oe nat overcome dferene or destruction tis ‘ater, rounded in oth, In tha Hoplanreimerzetn, lng wth ‘Shima, hepa or understanding the nature af the eric corn ‘hat ects between Ham nd Een ad that thei ies symbolize Ina Fin in wich exact ave toned inthe econ intrest fhe ma ter these transgene interac exact dort a Anew Briton would Inet overcome dference. Rate, they ofr 2 perverse exci form of sera rac ecogaionnaifenene “This neaity of desire dileence offers an important quis ‘ation fr undertnding eri forms of recapsion whose Wary ers Is (grounded in acid ferences of power, Conse, fr example, the fo big moment of err ht depicted ini Hk, that between the ‘py mima Blanche (Sosan Georg), theses frat plantation mi ‘tess and ede the Mandingo wrestler (Ihe boxer Ken Norton) Banehe had dssppeinte Hammond by proing-—de to sexual abuse by header abies See Se pore = a oe ae Se = ae crane Ii fet fin abet subision a inl epost se eet fer Thescoec larly pts Medes toy ot Blanche’ on spay once again, Blache tow remove er cts al embraces hit Tie ice witht ong land ai against his raked chest - Athi point, Medel eins respons vlutaiy ober seit. isarmeemace ber adhe sales Taking conta heise bry And then onto the bed whee he exon her. Once aa ths bole ‘ils butch, that io ipa the camera lds logis nth 10 veal er fet creting hs highs Suadeny, a remembering that she shoud be ncarge, lace reverses this aangement an clin on top Foe the at ime tn the sxe reveling the upper prt of her own make‘nade, Banco etn a HD. not ne et dy mediately, ower, Mes pu her hack under him, nd trebles asifinthe pipe of og that gives the appearance faottheparante, of mutuality The scene ends witha langues cane bat pul wp, ees ing his body spewed on op er wth er leg pest cagled beneath wien ‘What kindof Heplan ecopiton an we sen this acne? it of al, Instron that runt" detaction by keping play eas tity parity of iteration thatthe very sure of seo en sion nded, bath srs and abe wll consequenceof this sea ‘il ecogution. The ver eth tthe mtr and with wich Blanche threatens Mee, willbe deere other bth The intense erotica ofthe seene deine mt nee from the eli (elie o previous anesplt tion Holywond ms dt of ter sex eltions reference to Medes ‘screen ceton, dy, hdr npe—but om the we hiss inl Becomes bteground between er and denice. Here another per mutton ofthe fear of and dese fo, te ail ter. Bat where en Fike destruction in sefising Wo ti er maser, Mede ak destruction tot way—inrefsing to satel hi tres and in xing he th Bur wees, The elf in Hoge i mae by a primary enthallment wit he Oth nein which hat self pura risk The moment in “Lordship and Bod ae” when theo el conscioueneee come recapize oe anctet is acngysin the "fend deh tg the moet nich hey ‘ache th poe they hve oan te Other an thereby estoy the coditnof ter ompelefleton. This ata moment fan rental neal, recogition becomes ase al beams telco. 2000, 287) les inept of the achievement of Hela selfeny though elation to hoe that une the ik of detract suggest it ‘intra fo Jere, tha the pice of sent is pala belles Tobe sel, coring Wo Bir reaing of Hepa. ot "ep the preopatve of clfsdentity” but tobe estar, east outset 10 come otro onself-Th Ber ress the set happy inte tin of recognition tat ve ita corporation ofthe dfevence af the ter noth ne Her Challeng o Rerun wo think bout he die Fo and tbe dee of) the other beyond the complementary of the dad materseveefother to conser he way in which hed erm nee fu the various seme of interracial at we hee ised hi fa It in ponogragy andere in in hog to expt” (nae) ek Inporngraptic ways. the ile interacial permutations fast those ofthe white woman andthe Hack man an the of the white tan ab the Hack woman —contin a nonprecet hed te that aunts the eee Tk I the patie “proper” tame-race partner woe the seca ee facil st canbe adobe. When the lack woman and the while ecogize ad desire one another arom thet dferencs this engin isnevertces haunted ad etl imate bythe ning igure oie ‘iu man, ho ids his very manent and iy jeopardized by Mi ‘son, hilo haunted the missing gue ofthe white woman depo fa pester becuse ofthe white mak’s intrest inthe “there” Wea Sin in he ecutraclrecorition of the white woman andthe Hack fan ifthe lous white an who represen he abset thd erm and wba is mascalniy and aster) ut in opal by hic Toa Teter degre, the secon scenario i alo Haunted Wy the black woman wh loses potent parne to the myth of superior white womanhood “Thee eclons are nto however The white mar bar much mo power in is aboence oer the seme in which he does ot ac than Abe the Hack man, the white woman or the Hack worn. And fo th reason we igh tht the transgreaion erent in the sex wen be wen the white woman andthe back man eater and therefore mote‘ele The pot, however th thet eogition aking pce teverocu ony ene hoo fig peste see ha his ‘mutual tunel ecopiton animated net wpb he ee nd busy ofan abet thi eon Ae tr sige dese works hough elythat arent alae otc then who afr tO ‘bey defini, tik epcerent (2000 284). Thas "par of ‘Tht mannii th Otte recaps tat" ra mes ‘teeny, with tort does ttn esl a cent). ‘Thelame wie aster who lor olan th anche Made ong tom the svete hte stress mo lon ge in th Hen ‘regen art gvethat et cogatns ther sal hag Tiey stethe(negall) powetl wie ramps agi pts whey Seen arate eri tension of he ces. The ck wan wo ‘ould i spoil cepa Mede, andthe Backman whe ‘would beh “sppaptl raced" pure fr Eben do nthe these wer 0 conte 4 in the see a white counterpart The (pain ter end prc opt he dnt te owe the ge powerof he white aera he mich ral poner {hewhite mines The -hoter these hegre te nape pst ove oth anche and Mee pu hess tik in tiniest with cschothes The “hots that emesis etre hich he ‘checinhe brent ci sorner amet Bri emi de ewurgringoner ofthe seth ero ove rl gen and eve hing cnpenentrty Hache snd ede oecpneoo eet inact very poner ferent lary bu aly conned condos Ii ction uth hey el bo of chat $day icfrmed by nde the cl ects bree Blanche an Mee coin. ny tht ie toe meted elon ship betwen Hann ad len st precitybese te compe re pte: Poe cco coten alg oats ee ‘oh patente wie nena tickled. Erte sion le tht sen nny previo llywod Sm mite ee ily in Mee body, wich bcos btlgnaund a fran desie™ Deca Ranch sen conic nb dese th "Manin" counts he nf ale ean dese —her by les crotced than Medes (ough amie croc than less we “proper tte hn oil pow) lances Made cosine ea thernt in thi common Romany tin th nie nly, Dt ‘recy aos rca sen shi a ares phe in» exact that lire with at ent entry lddercton nck” (ee 7 diene he pone wie Inara here Oh cn ae Hen gro crac in fis fa Whe Batre what He an ac ab he ‘tn of hes, am tres nat er aig of Hep ae laine sear cin ev abut cate epee eae ‘acter simply hopetht smi sghseanpoit new a ‘ean omens fet een ne yr and ange fom Pree ay at fs rte ayo oo gotta ch gt. Sie Tanners Mando red te ude nto fr hi an ‘et pola cert of ack le nd white ema a owe anc pare bt 3 ee in of ainream vil leapt {py and kenge om iri wth abo. 975, the fer fs uiseam le ekg ape ouge noe civ antinori neva se ennotiy swept forth fn ie, but i ay ae Dap fegosned tn conten of monte dean pt ie pesre ound nthe aborts Mang fl {hat and stent othe bor er, np ur oie ‘ofthe pul conjuction af lack Powe, ners seal tnd el fconscious revisions of white ye of the South Imaintream popu alae mwa seit Behind he Green Ooor a four, ot oy Manner! aon ero. wel eetconinc ay yen wr of porno hy tt lady bee mach cuted pornography bey eat Intra wth cay Bind te Gren De cel Boh ‘opm and the ene mtn the Rist etre 8A {ara can determine, th he et Arca fre eg are flo ince amar tera ner wre yet mfr Te a dt tein thst ene has pone untied yi" A woman aed Gra asi mbes tas en oat pao age we ‘rs of men wl i ber bla eal dred sone we Inga. figuened Gods ish on sae db, skiedfondle by groupof Macc white women in eeringy ita prep ‘ton for er st somal “number” Suddenly spl ects atetion toa green door a the bck of he age A brefto lck man (be ber nay Keyes, ee antcpting theater Ken Norton in Mand) emerges through he door reseed aporogepticversionof he Afian sae. He sports animal oth neccesary gts wha olin ‘hecrotch rom which irser-ret ens already protroes The"Afican,” if jut et ot of age, tetas appro the Beg tnred white roman, not cy ting bet bt afd to ery the agi pull ot ‘Rsproeting pense She selon the Nor ofthe stagebytherahed worn ‘nh tect it to er spent legs. As the Aran performs canning the robe women lok on intel and maage Gls boy we ome members acaba audience bois o masturbate. The scene bul 2¢ ‘Cunning gies way to penetration and Gloria beso reepond the aye ofthe cans trate hentia ued lence giving ay ize "The cee isintense, with both the white woman andthe ack man ds playing inal reticence and then aandon As pornotpi—the place where Itialnays time frvexthe cee ees ot prey the moment of ea ‘acl ecogpton ath xe deat ater betwen Fear nd de ‘Se av dant Maing, Like al hardcore pornography tar 0 e=plit Sex acts very quickly. toug an eo eson mich ore itense than fcurenamples diested care fo the 198s and 1990 diatingsihes the ‘rene Thi vexscne mals, forte feature length, onscene gee of at aap, the fst moment in which the tant inwestion af abo against interac hat become aay of2ddng drama and excement hard-core pomogrphy= ural lebraton of xy pomorpic perverse Here again a white woman sod buck man sly high tention mite fer and esr a each wy gives in eee ve tthe fSexalciloter, The fice pit, nimaloth neclace, and rotcles tights erp tera ference of he Aca in conta the white ‘woman be vith, Thi i 0%, ike Mende scene in which the mi Treas as a menu per over bersve The Afican raping sem de signa set th ania ower fhe lack man against the more sere eonorapy fe le te Afi i more in charge of he ext show thane warin Mang, nd once gun the specter ofthe white ran, the absent third tem, haunts the performance Alhough the black man finds hms in the mare typcalymtcatine potion of iin “a ines he obviously sobjecto the porerthat orchestrates is entrnce nd “et Nevertheless. the lm reser Mandi in pt ofthe lack {ra dn ge ith ar din hal efor ap ie {acl erecta frm of commode ual pete obo cs, hi avr concn ply alan seal eeotpe—o Pe ‘Eni blcnanand te euro woman Kino ting {tthe xtement tie prt perlarance nt eminent tal cep a etn ad ey ats ba austin fi great, nich engin sre ilerec” eae ‘Atoghwe se tretinoin he amet a {ents ght ones thy nk oe aber nthe ee i etre i hs Clara dese oe {nd sop encom athe lca soy iho Wes it fret pen the ple ot nd walks bck oh en doe wich emer er thes aoe programa Ss ad casa payednsterey eso Anni Btn tre ati flmaiewno esa nal und aude Tegtnt” eae ta eve plied hve nd fear seeps rhe ay peso rotcicg vera past in viewers. Tis cea ee Irene hel dot alicia depictions A {aay nerd heel pyle ot ge tl Gabbe et xe the ry emp Gil uy tno inthe at Hore, to a he et ally ie que matey in gic wr a the iis nang ‘Neer ha whiten ca il depo Sh ito tthe rsp ypersenal Aca a ath Whe an ‘play pre wht wean tery nro mana tesa ‘rchyet tesa bad man ad wie wees. Noe seine sen th ft he perc Black ran ge Fear {Ss ply pb oben the sed atl nagar er emp Cates deployments Heb bec fata eat nei eval ny rig vial plate a sence that an mm (Saeed nthe cane he eee uc in eid he Gren Dre ren ak en ite nme nck women anda vento eae and cine beings 97, ach ah ‘they diferent om wat a ben fer hat hp ch eh Site womens he laa bea fal at tn gig then oer ot in py tl cong of eee, at atring the sk of dstcton by empting te outrage however vestigial of ‘heenchaed sid term. Conan: he Birk an Eye “hissy has work backward om 21999 eampleofte fully commod- ‘ed category of interac por, marketed as such, toa 972s por pap that preci the emergrceof tera pom asa marketed “ep but ht appears tobe he ist cramp of the orngrphie con ‘odicatin of interacial ex acs n aboveground fea lm. The 1975 ‘le Mandingo whe ot an expe of nteracial pornography prope. as rere permed uo probe sone ofthe deeper question of poe iu pleme in depiction of neal st What oncasions ca We D0 dew fom thee examples? Th depos finer at develop out ofthe elton emul hate prevail between the aces They gow out ofa istry that a tev permed the white mars seni acento lack women and vlenty Tien the lack mis aces to white women. The rac pd seit 2 ‘tions that underiesch unequal ces to sex have generated os SE poroggapic smal antsy wih an porant purchase onthe Ames ht sme ation Yo ecgniae Ue rcs that bs generated these nse doesnot uguct thatthe funtion he a today rac in the (ine way Nor in toy that does rot partspat napects fa Cresingy etme aia sereoyping Ts indeed, ise lwo of the heey ae steretype Distasi sme othe steretypes tht ed ths fantasies re, opto fave bow hat the simple care of aim is tntemingy precio when we ta sbout visual pleasures generated by tepcton of interac st Tew erkines distinction between owing ‘eleving racist sterectypercems worth emembering:thescitement ‘tinea otf both aks ad wits depends ona asc kno tego te wht act scenario of hie vinta east Butte perare (ined bythe scenario does no neces need to bliin the sx ‘Sto. Rahe we mgt tht there Kindo owing tation with the archaic elf of racial sexeonypes. "Hod secm then tat the clined seul deseribel by Ab ae Mabamed i ot sine a let ae cimed teas not rece and t eas ot wt the realm of porraphic and exploitation discourse. The este femal dliference once aalsle o white masters lose [rere nore ave toall thoogh at equal ta, Blick ena vewing lei nuh se te wl ered ye ely cid Secu a pre Sen rar web ead (Sirepa dStore gy ea ty earl A fee po nl rc no oe teeter eed of ‘ideal (1994, 210) As I have been trying to argue, aesthetic kleals are Feil a eal deseo lt ck obj” Aa he [peach eee enn nab mci edt Serre honrn cs seca Ioeedenieg rene soenrbiceion nlp ae _Sepeapecleraleapmmrerenins =n ae Nos ‘hanks ose Ces fr nigh my ne ac area hi for ran suing cesta. necting paper Nandngeth Ta ae Hah Hester Seer Anne Cheng Non Carl, amen Cae “an Gunning, ap Hower Mich Lacy Ara Ore nd Aer fc pl comments Ad spel hana Reh Cot et ft xt nd ft ee 1 They ae nt foe galling ea ally re or wre when compe it 2 Forti, hn vsain of pron conte en sina cxsece— omen ht path na emia den, which, fin ef the rn ie det, apr Tajo spe thew bet Sm li7.30-9) 7 5 Tam odbe Ssn Coury iii ie ema seta mes wl depo posi hse denna Feil icrre ne ce dt ible ference bt pacer Foley orn em der canton mec ten pete "Biya wih alg. The er es at spe Corte arg ee en ere a 4 Merc nin arice stching Maple ina ee Sear ving efit. ng He hen cone hema then Ta Sex Thing Rosle dhe Homer rina)” My te ‘ean fom oa ct von ii994 bok Wem hhOme he ley be ae as 993 lt ot oe ‘lng an gee Pe eB nt oreo tt Mich len py men He plore nel we cen a oven’ tee cel tt tape el oo tP Sr ramp Ne 9p, Demi 995 dF 8 ‘epee arve te sper shower pce Tr A PoP i eat ‘dang py sa eT pine aba lat Citawe te gon owes tonceratemnandehronen Repent ens ee ‘Toscanini pall ic oa ster pc oe ‘So men Tighter pin coming cbr ie wes ‘Sainte asta spec ite cher ‘Spel my ene, es iat WC at ‘Sc set ing eRe ceding tb pence {cho es Ente cae estan sop ern pet ner who Pa a 2009). Forth dann sto pase te ems «Raver png titer oun Romar (eezecnpng ngs eft oon cpr ees Imply mean Etec onan cpg tr wt oer aap Dy arto ‘Spun shss Tor et bcd rd fe ayo Te atngrd wit ronsts te sem angen fe 0 Monge Re od elo of Ba Wh fon Un Tom J se Ow Vr wate “Sho fp nd elf le Cusattnoofeopin tg, Manna ass Pe amend pote DeLee yatta tad lor ‘Stn in omg etn ntti ‘Send bye wns aoa eres ke ‘Sinetron Dk et Teed pched inp i beng ck en the gen eonetccnoaeranth ttgigheny rce Stata” (9) nt Toes en Tara 979 aed Sipe sk epee "dct dey aan ewe oes inn ep apd ent ot Shastactaxnamy teats ne mae hit ingore Ande (chu mle rere sd net stant an be ‘ute cum the fins pots: Ov ne oe ey ‘eof cae amin ast Rt ern he te See Wood 98. a 14 The nor coma roma young eri el sore ef i ie deeds oe a ee ce ath ase "mech™ 15 Henorony snc, bt pure wounded oy i ‘tha ph Theshve who ps up thu a he nl a feat Clete veonay ae ba ea tata ere eer spec eh bers trv divi i ts wy aha ot 16 os se pbs penance lmaner fore rig ‘mane tera hb of i it, Dra we Nar ser os be al 17 Abc ciedprcar th he nd hewn pao Mag ‘on theme r/c ve nen 0 i (Tn i 96); Hey Lasts iy te ir ro aking wl a ‘some vet Raga Wee" (9 153th Hd Game 95) es ht the fic et Wel wae cao Mosca eer Shien 09} The row) iekhxre hare fia he Mendon nee Gees tae toy he ono crenata eet teen treed i Aen fh whee itl ooo ol Se es mle Fr be dei ha mt en Moding. 18 Anew ton debt ore te met ead onnge e| ‘he ema sping tthe bay oh nan srl‘ey theo etd ne ae a eee man we fae taro og rs pont wich does and eae tt Inari Ws Calne Peni writes ef hs see: The wo who ve ee ‘Schoter' ftvenc neat eter ticencesan depen thin ayn demain tal (000 16). 0 Caine Shins fees ign nd mew te hope apsnent ‘itsomeling theses raopeton emery oc nt ‘hse ad ier ene twee te ae iste hack Sle tefc ike nd bjt emerge Sex both ee ty a nels» complied mtn of ome (2eo, 20 Wi she thoy be nih abut he wih bese are ote engons iis ‘Tohcking on what biti recngan made, Shur Senso B= Thesis und acommon aay at abandon th ‘react memes eed in ne ear dpe afer Timers th cone ee aa crercoing of iene, every ef onesie, ering pn let ndenine (Greve fey My argument indies rete he ton tat he ‘Goce staked abot st con bepress ‘er certs enjoin a of cogition nwhh "eration of the son aca td Ienabe caence, on ht evened 2 trerome he herpetic sation al ha er a ar ob ens ‘eaten tal [Baler so00 27) Het own esriin ft gig oa ngrion rede prey et opti et edhe (4a rcgtion wos Yt frm of Sire tht a anche pe Made of hi ches. hao sti of er Inner. Howe, er ery bar eve be the sme 2 er br otf which nin he it hat wt he ih having eit ede ‘Ftc at es nd ina in ning ews Ee et ery ee is ‘eying hth He et tu epg down” bat nie 2) Tle hit xed epeentainf trac in Hale, A ‘vl eae the hoor srs aS en herent ‘Swen i rm adage! Wale ino fl both tine by Henry Tout Gast momen fecal ex Howe, heer Saf tas prec cna mine Blt age ryan cain [ime ee pref cbr enc nds en Aten Ae). Ma tigre spa op i nortan ee of eral st {nttlyeed cnr tnt aan pit ti ery ene at nog thas inh Hen seu he one fi at ports Ihe ee opin. “44 He myo cy uh deus Hard Ca 989.19 13 sont ome tenes eel Dub Aa ree ean le eet yh ofthe Wak ale hats ors Cd _ ie eons 199. si rth dS. Tem May Dod Sa Fence: Cay Lis Boas. on om Kipp, The ation of Cot New Rede ne," and Hak Vee” Unpblsid Oey et aabor “ttn Ande 1976 Madings” Mane rors, Nek 192 ae: Te Piel Uncnao in Aner Unter Pee _ Gromer, Mark. 2008. "Prns Compassionate Conservatism” Natio, Fey 36, a ‘oat esi ly 1995 lying with Hel Feminine Sema and AealiI Teens Sly Res Th ir ordi ‘Amc Pa ert od Veron Rt ee ol Dost, Sy At 991 “Dat Continent: Eten ile nPownaass he Cnena tFomna i Ther. Paths New Yr Bate 9 Dye chard 98 Mae ay Pr: Coming ens Jump Ca aon Fat 1967 Bk Sh Wh Mas, kL "wk Grow ake 595 Mai Mats Rand Conder 5: Poi ett nets | “ out M178 Te Hy of Salty Vn ion New ke rel Dv19 The oof ag: Sah My an Thy pa Chg: UnvesyofCio Pest - Caner ae 199 “Competing Crs Whee Realing Re apexes ck Nee ara rel -39 aot Feed te Mace Maiti Bo. Cc: ty ‘Oc Pro (Ge Hem Le, 99 ale Feo Cua Not Coming Di "en ef ve The Pn of Se Lee New Wr: ha Putian 163-69. oun, 199) Pag a The Aon Amen Iai ln ean Tempe ney PreHee 6 W197 Phenom Sp Od: Ono Urey rs Fob Ab gn Sey acl ae: Reagan the Arno ace Souay a Dias of Senay Denne ‘Stn Aan Abr Univers of Min Pret. ule e198 Heme th Pray Woman, Sx nd Bey ie New "nk Nen Yk User Po un neal Kates Mee 6 Te CnfoineTo Kenn Sinn 95 Pound ant. New ek Regency Ping ‘eer aon yagi th Back Mas Sen atpphy Ps: Tom, ‘a Pat aldo Spence nd Simon Wy. Laden Come 9. air Sin Head Ser Tig Ral Diflerenc ab Homer ‘uy He De Lat Que mand Vide Bat tC Sete: ay 9-8 Mae h Jl ew rR. ‘od tye op The Fone de tO nd Sry, New ok: Ra ete Nate, Sve. 1979-Ao, “Te Same OM Say Seay and Deven” Son ce, op Mieentn, Cor Ces, an elepee Rac TWen ti Cenay Amer Ine Ley Rae rng odor MA tam sry Ed atin des, New Yk: ew Wo Unrate ‘sine Rathing Sern egy nd Cull Paco, sl Mies Raat Leon Cun Hem evo Madge 1975- Yr a Fears Mii 998 ining Shp: By nd genta Fh ‘Garston of New Engh ‘bin, Gah. “Tinking Se Nt fora asa Teor eth Pie in Penrod Deng: Epi Fre Seni oC ae. New ere Roepe and Kee Pa 267-8. Sec Rt 5 “a, Ca Gran Ti May Simin Cle Pari, 3000s Saver et Manian te acon Tarde Upaie Marc “human Kvn. 9d Down the Patton” Lx Angie Tins May 2 ‘Wil da 985 Hand Cr oer Mean the Psy of he Vie eh Utes ofan Pe. aa gg Rad dame f Sahn hf le Tom (e0} Simpa Pn Nf: Pc Uneraty re Wed, Robin 958 "Manin The Vain a am Ad Maser” tn Sma olitsnd Nara Fm: alr ond Bod ew Yo Cla Unset ~e paloma Crackers and Whackers: “The White Trashing of Porn te Tosh Theory “a 2 efor ing ian tpc—po’ recon owe ah ok tod esl wt oy someting othe bees one tal {emaen tan crerom gowing op tte Th doesnot rn dienin omy pc aun wa teh pinging ht oem the comer toto ecg Irina els thane ecb and expan it toy beer peprton for raring thence of ou carl sais than epttings Flr caer Ieee undesedthe st of scr sin (stent of he cite dpa forer ante dstigusting options tata ng bie the peso cental Peridot ove of ems Ae Uae of ods Case the Une of cfr at Biel, adh ce des Hae fades ep Secs Sx in Pari encountered tt ao Finan de Soma Cade iin, Rl tis Ll ‘Atego Lacan, Mie! Fecal somewat te Mice de Cente and Pee Borde oe med eon the tee rt wt tah or artes woul whe asm Tow doe wich heal rooms emerge is ache ae? Come or np hina conceal wo red in pring ot ‘tedifrstialmeunings of wt raw sense of oh 04 ‘gua dows bre sn Ron th the aad the cooked‘Souter white eid requiem tht white tah fs ae the Tow the low because roll and eco they hve sunk so fr that they might wel be lack. Arsh they ae sen tae sal well respect Soi eces put wnsemy when they appear to shame Tout feu ther tshiness, wich feral soting but a aggresely ‘ngutfce reminder of ak cae iffeences 2 Bere fuckyouto anyone trying omaatina bel in an Americ whose ol clas demarcatins rk along the seemingly obvi anes of ae you are wit wash, hen you ust engage the never-ending or of dningsing yourself nding your Debavoe sso clea ig ‘iy adiferene om bce, which il spite of eveything, xpress ome minuscule, pads, measure ou cur’ superoy test {othe above you who ume he eite hte rad to empha just how ‘yond the ae you ae This shard ging Deca the derencesbetween ‘hee es of por lack pd poor whites inthe rural South ar few td ephemera tam nt denying tbe diference of ae—and of how that ‘ifrence i ied—ut am yng to pitt the cashing eight om al ‘how Ine, ending over andthe day humo ht come with. rensomcone with as impeccable white rasheredenals sy oencan real only one "tno wie people dou eat gopher, but Backs > (gopher cackerese for aay of land tre}. etapslemember the ‘Sclomroploia distinction ypberat oper beset intersected ‘vhs many oe dsc marked by ace gender, nd economics ‘Thich would. eame to rea, both helpsnd hader meas grew up and ‘tino the wor. {made money ar2idby caching the slow-moving gphesin the white ‘ena groves ah sling them for are each to my terage cousin cy, lend) a epost eneprencr. Ricky would ta round an cl the gophers fr iy cents East Town the lack neigh arbood wher a white gel was ot alloed og. progres arn nga mycusin or giving me the od quarters tocafing the eatin oy mobility and sy own bung entepreneuship. This ‘esse safe: Ricky had rounded upacew of oper catches om Shoe labr le was abet extract for el test 2s ch 8 the min Thm wage Disney pays tsworkers now ollngon eld bunting grou But eackers ave not asay content mezely oar the comple sr en of missing the emsous distinctions of whi ath culture they Sometines go beyond tht understznding to evs the ral method a ‘ing wit tach sine wt teh The pte hie rasan be deployed ‘nasi ay nits of pay ore win ef is, ‘tees roup wld spi prate poe Romney eh {ad ha ortega, wich vat ore cat wh of he fiw herein rather Tenney dar ther ‘ord cer in pot of the ae wat ot cre efi euch ora bu try bet des utes efgont jute tay we wearer ‘neo king an hv chop Wee a tit feat hurt yet lng Sr mont SP the gene unter conin marid oone etier therfor aang ot ied cn loathe et CO Ith Wes or pdprat whe werd et Ist heme a atc Why other and eae wa We fei he ny pi rig poe ey ha i eer enter yb he fac hat we ried a ot wie rete doe tine fr oak tet Teron tbe conch tpn om bre Ha aa a Cahier bt con se ofr ie wie eg Shits necator cal and petal dune of ee Crowingup ois te, an freon cna a nderruing he wit incon andthe meta fei Be ‘olshntgeliia wo at peg hel cet es a Qh ory nd rane a ey tae {dfn presumes thine nea al Cena gO hc we of dition in wie ah can be depos an a dopo chalegs the rumed scl a ne pa fed ysenl cae = - We aan Praston Considering the ays thar white trashcan deployed pa foe a pp curl cts beings me to porogrpy. We aeady have sever (ged econ ft est and cl sis peep ME ‘hong the research on eater periods more extensive than ht the ‘rod of oay’s commercial indus The cortnburoes to yan Mate he vention of Propapy: Onc and he Oris of Mary, 160 1800 9993) ge a wea of amples of the way pornography mas Use ‘arog ot period to chllengeabcltit poli wher and art hte, variously linked a wa ofethnkng. heresy science aadstr pilsphy: In The Lteery Undead ofthe Olt Rin, Robert Darnton (1982) descies the workings of he eightentv century teary underpouad counteresae thtprodaed mut mackraing, ie. ‘uslteratre ad images that mocked nd eroded th abot of he Old Regie Ia The See Nasu ora Mader Clue Water Kee ek 98) angs that nineteent-centry pornography Had 0 ypc Centent oft om, but consisted sll of angeous and editions images ideas the ring cles wanted 1 keep out of the Hans ofthe ‘presumaiy more suscep lower odes. Defense atoreyFwad de ‘Gras Gi Lean Rack ery: The Law on Oley ond he Asal on Geni 199) tells story ater story of ene and mien century tiem to defend oaks sich a Ul, Tepe of Cancer, American ‘Tinga, The Wel of Lean, Hau, a NskelLanch gant he flrs cf the at, the ple, sp elon to ban this mate om abl and popula consumptin. ht where ae the defenders of conternoray works ke Tanya Hardon, The Sprminaer,o Jon Way sib: Urea? The mre massclura the roe becomesanditeemy the more italy "ste the more di nt so ce pornography stor cotnsty with eant-arde reve tionary ot, popula, rary Kind of cousterclalimpuses. Add ‘the fniist nporn polemic and this ow tent gare appears unreee {eatin social, or other Exeeptions get made, ofcourse, Fic ‘quality polity ented gay male vides, such 8 Jerry Douglas's Hon tht Dhar 993}, about aye iathelitery Candi Ropes socaled Couples erotic Fatale’ lesblansmade videos fr kesbians and ednaton ‘porn whichincde Gay Mets Health Crisler ervideos or porn stat nd feminist Nina Har aides beter flit and cunailingss. Bat ‘thin mass commescl vides, the grt aot of thie are sen to ret lec mich es fens interes. “Two writers ave sgrsed why this might be the ase tn “The Pop lay f Pornography chapter of Andrew Rose No se: nd Popular alr (68), be agus thatthe feminist didn fo porogr: phy contiteeesVcioran bolder 2 ondtand mde Feral ‘uo for anything asncited wit the ower orders, evasion that ads inet eas dt Wao (8) ha shown nthe asf nneteenth- “etary feminism, the pla erate of legislating an ough an (he tempertce movement) or engsgig in moa form and pul hygiene ‘ors (geting porutes of the street 2nd into ropes asmaidsand factory worker) Laura Kips lion Ro tment about ein ad he ca ics fpr in (Mae Dee Female) Disp: Reting Her (992) lw how she made heel nome herrea fo th nguine'bealeost down ne dy and acta okt Kip co eed ht hs ot reviled tance of manecrlion po iat te sme ‘ine on ofthe mow ely ae areiniic mane eis fay pe, ase se found arma groin spor, cto, ier and ts posal hur with Dis nt bad parts seaight out Rabesis al put tose in ing stock on pete bres: Thee very Kin of socials itll preterit nd pme “the proteasio case. the power ofthe goverment the ypacey “ofergaized elizion Athouph Kips remains rss ot by Haslet _realnge bernpmsne gerber nd wrest the ae “bad eon frit eon dhe sca an poll of ron Fre She carly pit tere Daren doe hai ‘iheetecetryFrevch Hear ndeyround, hat he ber ple “shee cannot amas orzecesaly be dese spose til hey fer anmpertan olin questioning repress peter Sas ths of morality a ahs You can be et Newt Ging users Ane of te Moth’ Oprah Winey wil eth hae net Aine they in connective ment. 9). a "What Kips lls Husers pone cul ao be characte aan Ingenious deplores: owe rah senses Der ak Qh ME ‘Soe the kindof wity a hier bare ht re ort en he a fr rch rocking ethers, hen Hur ene ‘ns postion, tao sf fmiy onthe Dota af the eco ha of beings deliberately tpi amor sarang mide as at ofesiorl codes of decorum ache abd sities ll eam heh, Bt he id pen twine sot wiqu to Ha rade cntenprarymascrerl por, ewe the ene iy {EUS po production. far moreso des theca ane of apap lar American fim genre, te mow rig etre ofthe ils we sue. leaning 896 8th bigs us of hums. and nt ast any hind Inumor but wines, marly wd and obscene lng and t- ‘ons Up unt thea sates, th predominant frm of perngraphicfl ‘watbe shor, ually acand-white,anonymouly rede! im known ‘rca athe ag, the ue movie othe smoke scaled beans of‘sok filed rooms where en woul perfor dandestnesrenings Ina recent sympathetic cation of Lida Wiliams Hard Co: Power, Pease andthe Freney fhe Visi? the es ay seca back on pmogapic lm, eer Lehman wor tht she misus some rca 3 [ous of porn by overestimating the portance of mart sure and eglting theo of Being moments uoe in pon” (Lehman 195. 2) Bis agument bout the ela gester importance of agmetary sures" oe narrative elton proves pezsuasie,but i assesment that there cet onlyeting” moment of humo in po alls skort. Stag filmsare fall humor and the nara, which a Leinan es, sien more ignite than fl deveopedstory self structed hike joke And tere we are lig aout realy bd jokes, aging rom tribe puns to cer form fi joke farmer dager, telingslesman, and Aagie jokes. Ofcourse otal ofthe sen empl fms of his pc exhiited {he bv eal character othe stage. The shat pep show loops com Siedf earnest Get views fen action with ile tetspandn stay Buithe majoiy ofthe hunded American tg Sle madeforeaiective male viewing depended on ths popular brand of um. This als espe- ‘alta for the pre-World Wa I fms made othe ages oft ene {aimment words baring the quer of bot buesque and sent mney ‘Gre he ennrmons succes ofthe eins aniporn morement~ and thee strange bedfellows, eligious rights shaping th current peal ing ide of porns nothing but the dgzadaton of wornen andthe purent eeumestation of he most formofviolence waged gins Wome. itmay pow dil osc tat the tne of orp —when one ctl lok ait clone to Hee Has thn Nai death emp fants. ‘Also dificult recogize, because to pee agent he contemporary tp ‘eatin of porno tomething done to worn, tht thee i nly on ‘the man. Adie man ste bat ofthe joke, ths aso conrad Fred ‘Gestipionef he mechanism othe rte i which ey woman present the lingo tok wine be ts bu ‘Onthe Bach ala, Geting Hi Gon casita fil from 935 that ‘tastes both tbe kind of humor nd thle of cammentary on mac lini odin the pice tg fim ofthe ea. The saan allows that of ‘practical le played on apes man. Te man (Creighton Hae beter eso the professor in D. We Grits Way Doom Bus 920) day reaming whe Ianingon fence athe bach, He acs the afl fizaious women whe cove walking by and gre to hae sex wth hi ‘butorphanol ie of te {eayen wh omits wt the man bees bes eee ‘i's gon the women tack pth olin fence. The women te ths money. tick be apy pean dance ng down he each ‘Avome urea tine het th te wae te pn wang slog ‘he beach On spying the esther one ack» plow we ‘edie simi ean andthe wee pane! ey Hom the gangster hm. o the musa or’ css in she asad wth the sme tly tcl we ak 1 the stay ft lg, cre wl hn bese a wat ra ral Rew nan cman ge ae S fedingtogh SCT Th cM: ay Seng 8) ke coe nares, vty erent ea hey sng ton he pe ng Sw. Acre i fein bth cya ad prs Sew tinh ene hej. “De yo are one sou he pet an the ai Ae song su enon scenes red op ha Tih tac ie coed orn cet sce pen ea ni feral he ny Tr Mek of Get eno theo teenporn sod epi Tesch erg Al ht vee rer otc hyper o he ceil ay Aarne ret an th mie et tonne combination Mon sft faeries freer ely ahi enti cp xh ces ih ety 545-9 Dh = tinge tn tg i pein th Unie Sa edo thine pendent tometer nortan, ‘hie depend teeing pra er xl ureaSime sch at The Cat Coch 1924}, The Det (947-98), Dit ens {ug48-5 and Dire Aton 1965-67). Sarpy (although why shoud be stag fms ls share with ‘way song an emphass on ele gency, th the woman oth initia Taprocond wing the term rhe el encounter. "The Taker” and ‘ted any angst ewes the woking nto ving sex fret wth brand hen ll the other nozen in the hose, but sbe uns on the nk when he dels to sce the butler on nesta im fort thelateteonor ear twenties (provenance nd ocean two women Unde drink wine, and fondle each ter One saystothe oe," rought feqre’ an rps on aida A few moments ter an inert tes Talents it the dor One woman late tealrreses wile he vork onthe oer woman's they hen pull hi it 3 thee ‘bor la fthe sme prod tw women ae out muhrom husting ‘Qe mowds and ome cosa peis poking trough the undebrosh, They ‘amine the penis witha maging gas before deciding at they have (Tecovereds ways of mor, Anite thatthe sh {oom was enjoyed inal Kinds of rocesand we thn se the two women. ite naked man reveled te be tached the penis, in various combi ‘ations tn Gener, or he forses, aman and a women are iting on + ‘hich whe the woman pull 2 condom out of her bag and demonrtates useTothe man. Afr low jos intercourse and another bow jb tbe ‘vm py he man's ens from ide side, shaking er head wth “Tespointen fn The We Dear, othe oray Fm Corporation ako ‘own at fries rea ie the woman in the mars ear wl ot Teehim getontopafiershesbeen ontop afhim, He inal does manage to fon put ona she spt Frenchie on hi, presumably {beberle This fin alo ends withthe woras isspointment with theme now completely rp peril one ofthe bestow tag flrs all umes Smart Al (95 wis Candy arse refuses og down on ‘he man, expe when he stato frce her. Se gets pin diag 2 {aes female fend who does wat hve oral ex wth the man. While hats ging, Br gets back nto the scene get te man to gp down om tr Hen, n-The Tinker the worm orchestrates the sex ait "the theme of the penis ran sl makes for another important tit share bythe buy song ad the tag fm. Such erie appear fr ‘Sneddon the se shanty, where you get ‘Tecrptone tke," is og fei do ight downto is ee” {Gey toga 39) 0 "Hanging dwn swinging fe... Wiha yard anda Ia raking oe eo i ka) The ike ie othe ‘tose ih tg er hse ani enya ie" (out estoy aig the ater when be supe be angle aes a ther vata fs the dei Wayward ‘rang at ore abun i everything tom fatty songs “Do eer tty Low? to covby sd Viner en sat eft ‘et sme cont! ove he pn uch, "Gbna The My Pee My ted st et ma ime he ger wane y phys depth nk pens bter an reaction is aril Tea 19289 ery Eeendy Hanon Foe Evens pe i ff itsown, ps beat and as oe pound tack nto ape, pear seal hs rast th bse en song oer. fen pf mishaps. a The Further Abe Sev aso. 1928-3) the bes pens sob tat ems ag he pn we it gett yd a aun oe is pens sgt the opts mune decides eat pa abe downto se Ae they hae we be sin the tar sewing» hin wo pe mon ov at en eumingotheoperatingreom this ens resoredo isang finds an apeto cen, Sae he ods and comune fine were sequins ale, twit os theo mae demand acount rm or D ars Kip ptt ht er cha we hee th ines ann td ae ees aan arent ni en. ot ae of onaation an powcr oe meen: The aN) er iat cal oengowement neon Wa ema Cate stem scl clan ss” 9983) Rather han fing Mecompenntoy try fin tore pce oases a “were phe ope cose gas al csr wing we dy nen Hu past uso a le fay ha pees onc ng. nd pegs ei to nal cen“ ge Sei ie ni tian a mt a dan once (8) apse maleate, Kips Ipecac ttoencecciea tarenl all {emule mean deg, ih aver fo oc {etymrtens i i pntg ty rte Oa Be the pt ora Pepin conatemyokinnoes nas —hy undvetiates the cena amdy uma 1 the por in “shen he contests what he ses athe ck of patience in foe ballad ‘he deat of ama pornography. Aho he eognies that tk ba lady cm easly yer toward the pomorapl. and des so often he not _sreadyto acknowledge that pornographic lation can incorporate bow res poraogphy arly moro esas 993 aD tor scems uly importa the two ems and, moreover amy sg tien prove mach rikerseraly than porn fils. Only the animated Sms ‘an play wit he df hyperblicaly exaggerated body prt and wily Impontle sual postions hat ace a aplof he bawdy cong, would be tore accurate oat tht oth popula forms are fundamentally sed ina in of hu that estes acon religion (rd ater, the profession) ‘mses, middle cs idea about sey ster women wth a eaty ‘poet for son and foolish men wth hee penis lina twist—when ‘hoe pias work al Tir minatng to sce which form ot Sgurs from popular cure ste los cto enforce thes hemes, The sounitack aed to The Cat tng Couch ia tecodig of Mae Wea ifn the imporance of ecaion. ‘Mhoe she gies aman son in athe: “Addon i when ou take ne thing posi with note gt tw. Two and two four and ve ‘nil ge you ten you kw how oock > Subaction is when“ man Thea hundred dallas and you leave bin wa Ante im ofthe same er, The Bohr Dem nde with ot of Mad Magasin mascot Aled ‘Wil strc that tg fra borrowed hay fom the ora car of Joke lng sas important oot tht the isin the way make a {nce consumed thet, became put of rl ca. The Ame an Leonie, Shier, and Kapp Sigs counted on the fs uma to hal them manage aren o Be sen scren and to eachother. a ‘ode eomicreteguting te vewnguitand dion Nfl ‘eats without ts auiene, but hie hls especialy se for the gn ‘eens the bac alk al verl splay the fl sparks form an inte tof the flmenperience, Hardon, Thomas Waughs 99S hiory [ty mae photogrphy sod fn ety sugges that such ror may ve pple to gay men nthe audience = wel even though it as ng been recoged tht the inguite ates surounding the fms radon Ally unconed shore pte tomo eteesennty of temenss saan ony bint that auch of men looking a pees together mee ry (Gro20) Waugh think it woul bea each toca th stag i na ect py cam ey, at ds bee hie tg la oy Inigo vt cra afletation wth eal nna and al ‘rl othe alo deter (20 Wa foun ey ak ls tong th ag lhe toch he il ks poste that [Peter sere none a nth he gh ta led are tat embeded tn, r nth pors way cone and etl tigi compte srr clr ple si ene oo flr ht marke fo hse found the polit ought US hisry. Hee ok the example of baw ang ti Frm neh iy bs all very, yaa ih ply nd now es onthe tere Dundes Goon Lyra lutte ruff Anekanwerkingie andor tht ostes (tnt rommunaton reg ening chang ada shout umber of er, bt expel amity lao betwee te see” One ly elte ppl ate Fumo Hae Vie. Mad Maisie and wer resting which ea phys contact spor requiring 2 mar pension of ali my course om pornographic kn ws rowed bythe late sp (ned a locus) and Pt Robertson i 3700 Cape pllennen in public choc ec ar that mye a hat dng porogeaphy am populace wuld naa Thats wy Pat ders called my course “2 new win ums. ight afer making te wendefly aro sateen that fe progr ke Scopes aching voition”» And the prope elle he cle wats. hy MoU also kw tht ae ange irked for hem beyond the teat of memati: the Hk hota pope cle recut tat asking of pea they ask fal ther Ferm of popular cue The questions woul hat the rata of the widespread apes” To what plese do these speak“ Wha esr shanties do te shout dentiy seta, and commen, bout what Kindo woe wan oven? What ind of mor soca and poles coumterelare producer and consumers fpr onsttate™ the sto porn [fiend popelrcltore efector oc siguicant tance of clare this oes ong way tows iar Ing thse who depend on stypcation a sea vienceto crack down onorl an pital diene, But enough of cracking dom rs pet Back ‘othe ase of erckng up ‘The bawdy humor athe expense of te man, tends to dopo of orn fis only ding the 0-led gen age of 1970 bhatt ally elesed feature length nara Ss ke Behind he Gree ac ie ‘sch Bro. 1972). The Opening of Misty Bhown it. Rady Metax fe 1979) The Reef ei Mtl Bros. 157) a The Stary 1 Joana lie. Gerard Darian, 975-1 an ein whic the makers of ‘hit in were tying espond at once tothe sexta revatio, moment fin andthe polity of expending thei demopahics beyond the an out rial and fata loge members, the nares begs 1 center, ‘Sbeiveryansiouy route woman and her seule. Wl there fe some eruptions of eyepoos punning and wily alge buror i these quality" ls ment fo the beteronera dating cowed for eximpe, {mds een in Deep Tro Gerard Daina 1972] who ask the a perforin cumilingsom ex whl be lean bck and pls yon + sete Do ound Trak wal youn). arf ore "ast {al even prudnaristacra,n thei demeanor and depicted miles than thereat offs ium the enter agers Butte stags, which {nda Willams characterizes a ndking in aratveand more misogynistic {nthe “prime dpa of genital snd snares than he olde oe poroa may not ome out sop ae Willams says we can Teeognice them more tong poplar oke structures than weak i ‘What Ihave oer is that a¢ pom fs progres” as. ech cya preatnely nd began focus on the woman and her sje thy they became more soci conrertive, sing the bawdy populist tumor tao fen centred ard he folie and eb of ascii ‘And wl it tev hat gis sy jst peter nt st xpeak with ‘ut any naatie closure, sack cau may nt prove so desire: Most hihe gldewapeportos hve close al ight Hee Helywod fms. hey tnd in triage some eter serinctone kindof coupkng. wile the og mn ae content cleat ise without chaning into the ni socily cepa erm fsx expression hetero mange nova marae ay lob at ofr athe olden-ge fs fos on ‘women’s ea and sbjecy,he pat scion ofthe maminge ending Thay hae ontated an ater o ree the ansties thee fsa ‘event ried nthe course of anaratveabout Wome new sex ad ‘evil fecioms. __ Fortney in the eighties an iets, pe ls gt teh yin a producers thew fhe "qual" tppings ofthe olen rao stat man {facturing pret for therapy expan vex market. Suddenly, many _more pepe erence, od consume porn asl many mare people ‘ould product eventiose who lacked mone. technaltiing or asec ‘ofcineoa ext Suse hee wll ays be petentosauteu in por, As ereryhere es, sch a Andw Ble and Zalman King. bat ding those wodcads. amateur mshi So popula, wee ‘eur films thatthe profesnal atm compan stated making fake amateur fins, proar” in which ecogezable profesional, een aa, woul pa ordinary os lownigaround the hoe with thi ‘As pon Became deciouly ay again i coined with ne ele ‘media deployment of wht wash sennitics gunt thecla and eta qo ot Sen ince the odes of burlesque reid. Rowan {Couine Love, Bet Bk, and Tonya Harding wld ety the ist, shou be extended tice some signet ale Stern and Mike Judge the crestor of Bes and Buta wold ‘aretorask mong the mot ingenious enh depoyers ith Saturday Nh “ives Wayne and Garin the running bt ot el, base tei ale isshot trough wth oo muchredeening sweetness Alf theorists and practioner understand the pity strate akinga spectacle of masculine Youre Redeem bycomparison, us asf elation hick mahood, ‘When lanes Garner called Howard Ser “te epome afte ash? eeponded, in his pial scala hin, “canbe this py rants 2 war with me. He should be bay worrying i ona hae “Asli bowel movement” We know, ofcourse, fen S's no to be tel memoirs ht ethers parents cei owm Long and ean any ven ear His nontra rgin gee show that yo dt veto be wht wa o use we trash sents a a weapon feu ‘url war. albrugh he it that wie ahs rocket scent, Roseanne, ew up soll tray enerces theargurment that ny wining cots na el shocker, feminist att and xe Barbara Kroger came ot at 9 ‘Moward Ste fn an defender, ont con of aro es, chiming ‘hat isha exemporancous rand of peroane this een enchant for rth teling serves a kindof ese ening expe ‘nce tht cuts though tbe rap erough the dled pretension of ame, ‘ough heft hte prominence... Zgegging betwee sldegradation and meyslorana, pola clay and dangerous stereotyping, temper ant and ieousy humble gration hes bh pan ‘omen dca funy” 1992. 98) ‘One ferns end, wh a ng died both Kruger rand ber (that hese dscourves are ry diferent or mutually excise A mai ‘ream audience may not understand the pnp asapoographcimge be ‘aweits missing te continuity ofsedution pots the cartoons and caption ofthe men's magazine. Eventhough sof core porography ‘fen visible and “pasa” in the minsteam medi the cote of ‘men's gies, the sen plots ofthese es emerge cary. would bec eer if we cond identity the funtion ofthe pimp though a visual pornographic eabulay eran posesorcertancthes bt eth | “ofr, alms! maitre gent. he pornographic clement ighty offsite It crested by mteraction betwen the nage the caption, the _mapzine content the ested il viewer ar toi fea “ecluion. Scaled men's agains sll onthe bai of ht retor8 ‘hey imagine female epace or readership Understanding een nal specific and Fens spi dove py the appostion or sept “omofplcdmain, expec snc in the ts and 1940 they ate really separate, Both then nd now ealeran viewers have trol at _pying all hese discourses and eng the jae Bt ths dvson helps “ont forthe kindof adres he views the pinup engages Viewers “Sodersand the terms ofthe res, an thee terme ae unl geod “specie. These imape metaphorical intr sy pee, “fatal often tral cause ofthe patie of eprint pups sae ‘emer can hve bef pete meanings ican be a wholes ‘Aneian Gislon a ecritent poste, secede ls glia forwomes's clothing womes magazines, a loro ces a PPetnceent fc a thsi or ln crn ed tn iin prangag hsration. The arses created by al the sformation tached he fags andthe captions prove centr Often the ett of "who alin “whom” nagainconten speci inmaineeam averteet lm of ‘poster. the viwer decries oaks oe Petty Gi. in pornographic oF farton contents the Pty Gi may be ares the viewer: Despite the curl amnesia that covers pups when it cmes to the pornographic poten these wo modes fades soy be reception fhe mage st ‘eke maistream or prncpapic pte. ‘The Pty Gi therefore emerged out ofa ver specie avertiement ‘artonstructure. aay. Alain’ post nar tterent ht the pap ‘snot pomographcor erotic image spl eplcates the ay pinup were ‘understood bythe peer publi the ume Bazin 7.8). sce ‘rising or example, hat thre ma. wierped objection tthe pubicac that ty adlecent daughter vere the model forthe scatiy ad fgres, The “inmocent™ generic even af the pnp ot off ‘morons nrnment lone snare resect exp aes ‘ald nate abe enjoy in ater years The whlesorenen a hepa ‘further guranteed by the ther daughter coloration, which st the ‘ie sparked no moral cancers. Marjorie Pty publi presence athe model ded mise quay to the pl, pehape evento Exe Imagine When Albert Vag tock over athe main ihr of Eaiie ‘3040. ster ipereasngrieton between he ors and George Pty the dior objected wo theft hate man ede na is wif, Ara Mae ‘They set Vargas up wih Been yard modal, ene Den, who served this main model fr mont he wat years One eon behind hi decison maybe that Anos Mae, who ha been 3 Zep il inthe aga, pe sented diferent kindof fers beauty to them, Anh Mae was ele ‘ethereal pl eye al slim, end, a eer dance, sca ‘Asa Ziegfeld Gi she potbly resonated with the wordy knowledge of the pamoous women af the gor. Jeanne Dean and Mare Pty were shorter more voluptuous nda ac airs a eye Tey were both ‘ery young when they started modeling, which ante to am ie | “iacounen nd innocent venmuiy” Reboam 1995, 16), wie tcc ‘gitnert-ooe persona alo ligoed them with mdlecas fern, ‘The dior insert signal ight hang inthe scl eepiono e pinup. whch tit tiffs tep things inseam andinno ens pose. One anno underesimste ow important wast Var {8 flow the Fey paradigm and st the ds ofthe eos to sup an ne innocer young woman (athe dentable mode wth nate But pray sem tome, he sen connection betwen heats ‘he mode! hast be dispelled efor the Mustain an appeal oa wide enc, The incest abo rescues the Pty Marjorie olsboration om er appearing seul. hachnd fe am cannot ie up tthe eof ‘he pimp i ar yun, nonce provi nd penile sera ey? “The other companen ofthe Pty il thst arg wa kd to iia and incorporate imo the new Varga Gel wat he presence ofthe ene. Sospecificand powefl wa he enc cect ten the rors flandthe phanethatone cites" reaed the ot inthe atthe tnd frie that oe could sce a woman talking onthe phone witht ‘hinkingof the Rey Git austin 99736}. With the telpne we ae ane ofthe many permutation ofthe lk between pomogrphicteme anda sow ecg cen Aton i hens acted th {spec eae oem he yb gh ade Aeumndsftighscol edited mde cnyoung gene, hovered Ashuan lepton sicher (Lato 954 09 Tooled Heo {Cae prided a eet eer: tnyee eb died up. stn i rm amen die Oia ee he cmpny aed phe wp thi eer nd pf Bona twice The rting trea turaound of ence oper “ered he minnie oon meer deste igh pa [Bettis tewven gs unt gpo ant pues rg We enone want prereset ean Petpet ry dtc ih yong, act ele tne theiepten operon vin pened eben arpa Te gh ne hen wm tod at te meets mt wa ony wey Bt rl ply cog pom cae temps wo atonate he sung prc routing ie Beenie vor become tenor sty bens te and “Beecrprerfto pn tropa imentin a Bbc somaig seth oc unl he gu td ysl crete of arr Wd War eter ed ema Sev ors age tures young wan wham “Sete ot tng pone ne anapt the Unt ates Baa Petia wores rey tage he ale ope ese pid wd ee, nome aca comre e Hints. The poste cop sno chang: temo af he ae pe Berns amc econ br eb ng "Wor pt Seon her supers’ geri opr clr: he de Boe Se wn er stare of ie trl rjc chen Aa Ah thc wih our nein an mame fing ding Wo War when ms creas pated fm cher Sort pict ned tr women Wid of ely Bald roc ing ines oft yt ne Geng Py aed Ma fle rec when et ado Band soma Gee eephone vers pri enrol opr oa ugh Armen oper eral he nen mets, ch epson {ated teased pect that's ote ad «ee we Int hy seid rar i ae ni ren in oreo theldeue stots notin rae ening eerord, instead faking hgh er where she the cating presence), the pnp alos viewers to fantasize ling ore. The female operator in this cases imped aan aaa semi ener lesen a oc is rendered snl while denying ber pesece a worker at he same ine. ey uf the tlepine a pnp prop wat 0 consistent that ele plone receies became neesnry cnt refrent rhe inp in pene. When Vargas replaced Pty at Bue the chief eitor av an interview or Neaswek in September of 94a announcing the ata new ren ‘the Vn il who depos the same seductive curve. murms ve the ‘sue telephone nda forall dhe woe! ke the in aster of the ey {Gi (usin 1997, 80-8, Gen the ans ofthe editors over the replace ment of Paty by Var. thei insistenceo the “se telephone atid the "same" gil comes a 0 surprise Varga wa ake tint Pet's tye, which at ist demanded depicting the figare on the pon. As we cn see In figure 4 however there ae fundarentl differences instead of ving the telephone sone ofthe annie prt as ety alma di. Vargas makes the recive foal pointy ng he mot cersting clr, Both Pty and Vargo are intersted raneparecy ot Vtg the line af the figure is sigaly difise, and bury emerge from the elon back ‘ground Where Pety set the igi ot single perspective args pastionsher ona sharp gona and play with perspecine a song the legs even me. ial nan aed after o kes the ping station 2s mainsream a posse the Varga Gil sppeae nt wih cartoote ‘aption, but with poem by Stack printed at the lower sght commer of ‘hema. Hees the oer for thi at Vana Gil of Ocaber 194 meat Son Sight Irene, jut lle pt you ow “Tat Lam signing of that gy om Bute, ‘Though his intentions may be pte a snow ‘The nay that cowboy rumba ete, He sit pty only New York ‘And hes ane fr Ripley 0 endose— “The other nigh when we were a the Sirk He called up home spd sed sbot hie wos! Wars thst you say. forme toa on tight? Spek ded Ths connection let (hoy Yous ht Winall ae ght sexsiven wins! How interesting sy Dest seca asia? Herel does how it Ser eo! bein ne nd diet “The poem crets 2 car plot forthe Wusation nd aners a umber of ‘questions she is in New Yr; for eampe she went ot wih» gy om Bute. and she aking oer Eien irene abot i The tie, "Love at Second Sigh functions asa reference ote it hat thi 3 new” gi of Ec who were“ one” withthe Pty Gi wil ave toast. affections The person created forthe Varga Gil hgh the poems withthe ety Gi outgoing, money grabbing an sex da The same point view division seid with the Pey Gil exits bere ss wel: pocma tha spear aythroughter vice crete mre exp plot than poems in which someone ele is addresing her ™ “The peesnc ofthe lephonetherefre crete vewe bcsion theme the pinup, which sacred by the resting neces to ave he ook deta the assumed viewer Deri the pul chacacter of Tague promotions tere wae fandamental premier the pinup at hevas"rupreme among tbe army efeuracoue pinup que hep win the wa” (Stein 94, 43-4) When thas images were a tthe war ert new prope emerged contin the pte ferent example, the tying pose, and desig of the Varga Gili ge 4 ate ental woa Vega Git pubiabed four years tri the ile ok wat eft. Buby the, te seul epic cont of “Lovet Scand had been transformed ino 3 pao one. Inte of having a dle ion 0 the phone the Varga Glades the vewer with de appeal asking him (ecnuse now she sapling ta specie "9 the war Srancly she hol ign tht advertises wa bo, Ture magazine wa oe ofthe fit mainte med outs opt ‘to practice ta new publ relations atgy that equated being Amer “ean With beng grows. In 939, David Smart, the Chicago er of the Imagine, made an agreement wth the US. Armed Frcs proce an ‘xr edition and dite tthe tops free of charge, The sunly “itary edton contained no adersent an by 1943 had» cel ten of 300,000 copie For Buu, the decison to became prove wat{Lo scr St Th Yeo en Ee ‘im Osc ta Stay par San ar ‘connect oa cieton crisis A recesion in 1938 droped he cela tion mumbers ofthis highly sual magsine fom 728,200 to abot 5.000. This forced Sr to make rebate o adverts and plement “ew rate structre. As George Pty’ graphs Reid Seward Au ites "Water sera fo Espino tan tl “lization? On the other hand annexing the pinup the war ef proved insping and etleive forthe Arse Frcs os well. n Deere ty Yara then the main Ese isa recs ete US. ons Gard thanking him fr pining pimp pil uniforms: seal gingtobe frat po since recrulegis geil ey sow star ain Rabotham 995,39, The elatonhip betwee US, armed Forces and Exque had obvious marketing advantage fot is patron Mastrations, Vargas anew technol feet pinup through topes of ight and emergence Aerts, bth Fel args were concerned with the challenge of pining the nue Bol of their technique collet by Rid Steward Aut el that both Pty nd Var foase on renting the clr at eee fect caucasian skin tne (which was alway a ere rece) al on he ces of thelson of dy pte (hich wes mec | Painted bodies hae o creat te don of omnes, bai ft surface. nother words they hn a ceed in mei ‘nckround and appearing three dimenionl Bath arise od the hich factions doen een ober sit media, sie ha contact with the amas. The abrach, os un, deharges ld by tora ofr pressure. Aberin the setingemtes one tap the othe surface inafinerorcoarerjet (mn 9934) Because di “Mites pint 22 sprinkled lod the sits isan nee oa fo “iting suri tension: avewercan experienc the sub sucensie oft vit perceiving boundary between clr or shat. The “nts “land on theca a i, wiht neces coving pe “Vows pit ere “Thelnguape fight and fessor yess fndamen- _l othe pinup Fer one, Pty and Vara crested unprecedented eft ith hearst which had previously mertly ben used to ema ces tnd clesvage fm photographs They ever Ie med tea cto “merging ou othe page: Both atts use ths pesetationa shite occu The transparent tes, barely dsssb kin ne, an} unfinished body parts ofthe figures show an engagement with the narra- ) the ofthe orl body tater gh sen ak ogo 1 Fey ppt of ones epee hh rent Beeeen ni at prt a hed ote Arnal ps since ety vas ate pain hart tcf gre ! Bren av oun nl ning ee Ba od eth tus bea ling te ongnton Het ath ae eis myn sae lhc ep heparan an al pt tb ad Ti pre ‘ein ud He contd whee hing a oe ped esa e nde uly dad ate eet ‘Score ue sin one. ct re bee tom Prystedlgucsted oposite ewe ge ‘rprtndgnud he doutinbdypart edcred bl pe {alike drm! body pate ety el eyed ee Seren ey pats nr este ean an es ap dace en bundy ten he oe sy el see ey doy hl he ayo seit ce epson invite einen emi viene hte woman ned ‘panto sraerian obcosaedst ancora te Cheng ft dr Pty aso spy. Dette sty nfo din Vr nthe tera eshte dn ete ee Sufi rt We ey on ligt specail te. fr eal ante sho compl dena ae tenes these ge pe an ore cnn et cfs te nursing ween ire aac ener ‘urate Te unt ze fie, hc exer pe ‘ming dy prt fo sped operon do et sprees Soe in shard ote pat bal an ter prop na ety pinup ewe nig gure {pec ute erg ae cig {Selby ening peas ight oa en ane ! that preemie sel ein toe ht runt nr eps of ewer Pe Gin enn feof we ef epee ‘ibs una cota te ppb ang te ge ‘low cena prance one Segunda aowena isk bathefen ese parse figures transparent posi patches athe hai fr example most rounded par of in), oto ret he bekground, ‘Vargas thecfre, the nate of emergence dstribted i the 8 dfs ene of imminent diferenaton, a he accentuates ack of diference betwen the dy and the background, Als, bec stated ot asa prt artist forthe Ziegfeld Fale, is compo are often “actin” gues. They are depicted in poses tha cenate nko tcground nd the often oto Byars the pape The “fight Even the lnguage ft advertisements snoouncng her sppeaance his conection. Ti how the October rosin af svete her once naw ew iti or, aly grown and paral cathe, en sh the eT the noo nd intl pee (ich women... Esq nodes the Vara Gi. Her name ich verthe centuries mae me sir uncon n the cial atthe wes ad wander dtl parts pretending to | sek Golden Flac, Holy Gralla Foutsin of Youth, r+ Northvet| | Page etn 995:4) “The magaicnt ody at amy aries fom a bare spate bck, inthis ase emerging from theses, ivites the viewer recogizetetrpes tfemergenc aren bull tothe sean. The Varga Gi hasan ob uly teal body ook teasing toward the view, emai alone, ant tien sion tanmparent Thies tre even noah he whol point of the station sto reper skin. bed contour. and etn The kbtely emerges frm the page the othe and shoes relay or tanshcet: end ir meses wt he unpinted balou red ais the same clo as ‘he skin: lick hi tis ever jut brown) shiny that tha tranaprent lees Neither ety nor Var took any interest ed bchgrounds at‘hire Red backgrounds which theouline ofthe igure become the definitive mark pornographic representation afer the wa" Inst faring the toqoe. the foru yon freproundig the oie of the body ‘sor made fort asmaltne difference spp th whitenes ofthe Pape Body prs ord carves were alo crested hgh ele toneand shadow “The nonexistent material there educa team line aking 29 coverage or even clr interferece The me ppetedo emerge rom the per and inthe caf the Vara Gls, tobe dynamical psd fr ght ‘With the wsecation othe ping gt wih patriot rhetorc ar the sb lime eling fight the pornographic commponentofthe ety Giatoant andentlypnups was writenoutfthe history and meaning opinspimaget Almost overnight I a 1940, "Love at Second Sight” rata seul pat lei the hasta, by 1942, the poems accompanying the Var Gi sue ate loriying. anoent or sentiment Figure 5 gives us ial cml oth hanged Lindsape. The pnp tule wile a3 pron [raphicmageandloos mor kes porate fim dose up.The rps fn the ice instead of he whole body Is unharaceristic— the isstence fon fli epesentti aks Fr pt of the deri ofthe pp Jnnage The poem by Pi Stack, Song fr «Lost Spring” accentuates the Aiferenceerwcen the Pty Gi avy ane ners and hs paloaged and ‘opaque monologue. The poem ss reader oimapne nil andrea ticspngtie, and then compare the pa fight, ad lightning of the present ine Olin thsi fom he money rabbi persona ‘ofthe pup gil The elation ofthe pinsp happen recy besite of ‘tron war nd ts assumed atte character, and ies sucess vo esac the pins in 3 hegemonic ro wa poston ‘The diference between the beee/peragraphic ane after/paisi stages ofthe pp ene: Before thew he ppp up eral ce renin visa an textual presentation ofthe figure. During wa, ‘yal ements suchas apovoatine pose or nud bacomselnceningl 2 ‘eed tthe ptt effet, fen tangential, igure 6, publ 194, ‘hows dynamic ose in priate, emia eting,Appting two yeare er te image represented in figure 7s almost identi inter f pose: ‘Varpvindod often retagedcertainpons and tle sna dob these seth or ini rowing wae ed fr both pitings ere. Bt replaced ‘he taneparent, ery obe with tranepnet anil on whic pn ileartesthergn ofthe US. Air Fore. Her conection the round completely emoved The pm that companies ein Equeurher 1 Song! on Te rut. Ei May 22 Te cmm Pack ‘ne caren on oe par cei er fiom any pomographic viewing. She i ot gil nom, bua iy and she obvnaly Mera stan fora ale othe Alt Herpes 3g of he coniton othe Areca tops the he ks grt therfore Amerie i winnie. And the tle de: that "There Wil Avaye Bea Christa” inthe mo fired petal ny “The tanstion ofthe pup rm a sen allring image ta eal or sublane presentation of American vas eyo equton between the gland igh, the Air ore, and planes, At of his conection, the is sex appeal rates the spans, ah sirlne, in arad patriot fre, protects te il. The yaa he the twocnttes absolutely depensonthe possi of animation. of the Air oe, for example, a8 sling, harming abo "The pinup thus aus allegonic picance: it stands ocean ‘aloes pd certain objets, which i animater and phyrcaly embodies In Ahiszubline meget he pop gael the ntl airplane, older yee ‘of patti representaton, such as Petty’ ae recritent posters ser amlguatd and ited.oa Gt gm, xtanoer lt Comars te toayaning et i aig ty ‘eso Vogee at 1. Th Any Ba Orisa. The ep i Eng, Dacor 1, Nee Theory emer these ete anal red se ‘The pinup eer function a vera cutrl product at can ego hip transition nth iced. animate per tonal machinery. accentuates the atraction of wa chines through ocx {pea he pieavaipine foetonyicaly ele the proce of war anda ightng (he bor and pinup in Bitz WolP) I cates pale ftidetiicanion with “the boy” athe prepare for war. Finally teeter |Anormatne representation ofthe seldior ran anacent, ark er Seal overt. soal-own oy whose senul imation sted 19 “magind relationships wih shunted allAmerizan pil” Farhermor, the intense deployment fhe pinup ya ant ofa agence an ary leadership personel pols to an undering hemopa erexton tothe mamive mobilization of young men. The lng iene ‘ofthe tops in wba centers sch a New York an San Diego broaght hem in contact not eny with exiting big city ie bt also wit the eine [py clr of here places That the amy werd abot thi an esp Ire became eldent nthe nceed stenon to ecrening pacts fr ‘now crit, both women ad mcr designed te determine wither ae fruit washomosera onthe asisofnruse pyscaltests* Anang other ‘ecessies, this hmophobic react alo demanded an vesteat me Ipeiefernny, How cc we ndervard verybdy nae ath perograpicotntiafhe pinup gis tbe Oomph is, andthe Sweater Gif teen? The November 1944, sue of Te Fey Ci ample, eres an article “Sorting fo the Bays” Thi ate, companied by «numberof photograph of “tales” n sexy outs. ourapes women reader oc the pages an send then oft “by” ‘hey How nthe army The magasine appears completly ected toward sroten ard sens untae anselconscous aout he tart seal Sr pomorapic potent The slier sem sia nnacen sppareaty ‘wing the magazine request thse photos, The models eget ectes ele fo -cobining public and pic er ecdingapproimly {so.000 photograph of the gi" the bos fo ft nly et cemen, not ian) In a moths tone the arate sugges“ you ‘nw sorneane inservice whose morale you think would be Deter i he had ‘neofbese photos, why pt end him the coer and hes wo pages of hie issue n a sctm ae“The Boys Say Thanks“ excerps rm the sen lees appear “Since receving yous pte this moon, my fot locke has become the mot popular sot inthe company res, You tae te more be enti out ump r00% in the rt ites” Another eter vas “hope you drt ind ht sme tank ae ou (Family Cie 944,tot) Here agsin me seth intimate ink betwen the pinup gis andthe ‘oachiney they domestte and souls, ‘Given al these overt tension in plaup representation, the suc of the copheiste ioral” seems mind-boggling “The ay certainly doit [ot thee pinup photo at inciming bombs te poet theme! Ob ‘ua th pop cannot ac ar sahil against actual bullets or bom. What oes it gud the slr om then? Ao, artes oy at sted with the malnstream eiton of Eu, the ltr edition they yt foe the army podice Yar with two pages of “pip bonus and the mame tus Bm magazines at pableh pinup phos? Why are they looking for ips inamagaine calle Family Cl? Te key totes question comes Imanther solr eter, He writes toi forest Tam sure hat f {ote wa faken you would be chosen the female who each and everyone ‘fw would Hk be deserted with here Fun Cire 19441) The pub- licinsistece tht mle lds nec ob srrounded by photographs of sexy young women shows cetinLnd of nse. Eeryne want to fr feta the boy are deere therewith other boys Or. nthe neni terion ofthe tame argument everyone watt forget ha the bys may Tevurrounde ond sce by women of oe nationalities. es, cst tclgrounds* The pul epesentition ofthese therefre insists on alesome optimise, btrecaul once, even as elu evidence Shows thatitisnatemct tke frase seems obvious thatthe pip Tacaes editing ay posible aggression or desc toward picture of erate miles America betersexal “The pic pinup ofthe 1940, with ll powerful hegemonic wes nd effet is placed nth eullet of cal brackets soon afer the dof the wa and its porograpic posits ae nepateddsromed. tnd forgot. The image, poses lesan body types parent 5 sub- lime in the 19s, were son deere too seal and asi became par a pomographi ubculur In. hart ey led “otomelogy ofthe Pn Up it palsed after the end of Wold War, And Hain wees athe cea distance between pipe ad progaphic mages: Firs et ws nt confe the pinup gi wth he pomographco erotic inmagesy tat te fom the dark tackward and ays of tie. The pir tp Bit specie phenomenon, bth aso Frm al fancin. ‘Ava ime produc create fr the benefit of he American sles ‘warming to langexie tthe our ores the weld the pin upg. Soon bene a industri, wbjc fo well aed norms and as stblein quality a peanut or chewing gm. Rapiy perfected he “Uejcep.arsngtbsethigsspeialy stipulated formodery Amerian tary socloy she pert harmonized prod of gen, ogra, nc, nd religous infers. (971.358) For arn afr ther pst- Work War Earopean ts and weiter the ‘mainstream pinup a 2 econsious product is hstorialy pei, for ‘er keto the workwide American multary pecence during the Wat Yar Brin enti the pap 2 at industrial product aseiatel ‘American cnsumee gods chewing gu. peat bute and tar industrial quipent (he Jp. accompanies sles comers the wr where caricsdolgil Amercnnes 1 Seting. And because ofa hese particular snot an erotica the tay other pornographic inges r: the cc pup ll charac 1 hte and uneopiststedimplity”nconrt the posta ‘inaubentic and ee too malatea oto pomographic. Bai n- demos the nemerversen ofthe pupa decadent erp aly tempt torepnsnt newer dori "Inthe Unie tates there ate ‘yen cones fr up motes and pp tales becom (60) sin hs ler othe carl impulse oat the pin it tho ctegores after the war the type of thatrton at cx enti a & ‘hse huzeold product up mers" and het ype of age tht ‘nlagin be lite 0 pornographic eatery inthe ne, more ex Gand more photographic men's mguines The increasing insect about the pornographic content potenti fhe pinup Held at by dari the va because of ts subline configuration at 2 pati ion esate ina abe ema rs the mainstem llr the war ended On the one band, the pattie pinup of he gor wee lene of a histailonuments, aed hi porncgrapic posi were compete forgten On the athet “Tand, newer photographie or atte pape were erated of he hin and Kony of thee predecessor ttt porocgaphc conten domed thertoaeubculura postion Thepolferatonfmensandso-alledgile Imagaaine allwed fra explosion of pinup pectin, but ot om the ‘ammeter 11 he same talothat cated Bite Wol” etre gis I bathing mits im very poste ting and om any imaginable acason cartoon ill “7 of Temocrom: for expe (de Tx Avery 1951), ‘the “ed bsiesma can ela witha new teerision model hat has erent one forthe part f he model he accept al manta famlingfce and ales) ara scond screen wher the et of he gi1. Soy tty Hun Sana 7 Th nowrap ethane etry ot fosmtutonrs hee emnousea sh Say tan Gyo. Scmyans rr ecerain he prope rete way ee Incl ssc an oat pope ea momyeer megane com eta an cet mare, Cane 250 Hee Seepnapace! love, Another ed businesman watches hing sit ca glwhile ‘he naar adverts another new ¥ mode “Thi raced modelo matical dimiats piste stron om passing airpanes" The ap of ‘he vaetopenrup and an antirrat weapon coe out and str hoe ingat te cling An plane with ery supe pot fils throvgh the house. Oouy the pnp gl ail emerbered a weapon, ul her Fancinalty i now bios. art ofthe dict i dealing with complex curl process of the stata the perspec ofthe presen! ineviabiy aero understanding of wat mates and hon order to aid making dims rom ema and secure pis f view have based my reading ofthe pinup on ets ofthe peso. fous ona mame f neato that he pinup fi tates 25 itallows 2 sce fr the projaton af exkeral anit The pnp is represented daring the 19408 a eet woman ata New Woman, a 2 talemanic ety, a as a weep, If we destin te intense soi And cura atonal ofthe pt. ec evant bth he sta ‘mentality of poplar imags andthe itracin betwee pornographic nd Imlsteam mde of deer Farthermore ths approach pods the groundwork fo emai the Fecutent theme of cno-porographic representation (gue 8) Seng the simningfantary inthe setting and etre of he pnp crate 4 curly eevart famevork fr th kinds of earl prodactons often eens standing “ouside eure. Ihave nd explain what make er fain images trate without reverting on eset famewrk ne women aeatvaciv omen) Alera atl made ae a tractive a al ier nudes Atifrent tare. one endo operation mone ent than another, nd iguring ot what makes diference ably neces saryincltraly relevant wrk tndeed hecho of cone ele fines, tht thy oe tia o area etling tho the pe Feguiements we hive of pornographic ents ofthe cetyl futyand contemporary smote in ther enya. cise hey ok afte, pinup spec donot depend on tev of by pt > fled ty borrow their seus energy fom widerenge ove elu Achnologiel, nd oc megoistions The chr medaton tha wat sy focus inthis ety i central in tes negoitins The Hlacaing a tec embodiment pnp ac ableo perform i eacty wht we ne “ero render rage ne ecologies vibe Notes oul ik hank Hage Srp and eps th Un Se, Mrs amare fr er pan geno Merino a ‘Seeyanareccon endo tia Wb se sae wt mune ‘he mere eee ancien poppin ihe pup han Daeg cei corse ele Lene oe ee msg Word rl pr inter mole a Opn Der im, Forni een hgh he A Fre di lw mags pe) rm pls were designs ext prophet ‘ab paper t-noe a Mot pine wee allowed whe ‘ip wen he Mie Et ut re pied eee eng at UUS bars en! 996, 29-3 Thi pip eed very ie pty ‘ae im sen ines andprmgaph For Wer War pup Der elit ate et Aten clan remem pes th begeon patio: a nthe 4042 Se fr example, magoarson imagen) 3 mative al ‘en ceatedy Pr Plt Genes in Bs Tete cunt eee ‘mse ha 990 ned pnp apes aging om el wer ae hotter compere pinay agp “Theres rnened chart net nth pn locking cet ‘ahr ear The Bute Pup lth Seneca of rt Une sit Kanas rece chan ony hier se Mary 98, Caline 2000 Duo soe me 9, 3001 ‘Thera wiley tite th iT pongaphicinige ma "ia Hapoel, ed on abd Wt atin oct ea ‘era pope pnp oh wa os od of the wet ag ety re. napping 95, hen mage pe lame bet The Codi of Loe fh wet Cnty Se Sin 4, ‘usando 972 99635. ‘Wea shoul zor ep ht he alent hing cae fen eae Sema mc in wil singh cyto eich lk eee Theil can of Eee asa atoning 00000 Spi, nich pte! othe conned cea of hea te iy bt pe (Arean Mara aon and Cy sd Van Fd te ih cal ‘om expeced ftp one chs Har, ln Fore Ain 94 ety ae tae nadernet acy sphesperon. AG wt besoin some apetopphosands ere oi bt at ‘evn nth oan ino Ws py Wah ‘ed Grae Cre he pas between he ‘aes the doing dhe “eared wrth xp yh company pel ne lye Ins meoppe aon pl th Pinna 39 ce ety as fc aa with eed Tn cond and le. imag ine epee ths ew wih al stan chlerge ot Inia dete tee al paper ts pc ep on he ey ly. conta. mpi te ofovend Seine hepterinaderce ‘Snip wthe poy af emalencnneTisrt be ngenhy ‘2 os ratoml or te get woman a pet ee ed ‘terete secede eal ate of etnhp on eto eres For histor nfomaton a wcng casos wen perso, el the hrs and te publ pone ote ce Segre 8 Tis eprtct once ht npn th gle nee, pe ‘ie peed ery dle rf eer peri an othe rot nepenen. tone en youn wan, ype he pert 22 county psp ates io ter ep pe el ‘intone ein th Ye stoma cn wo eB ay? scan ea never gs Compre a are a np tng peso tempera anata ppnd eso Gatge pt og Th ext atime “hk servile cope, gh tesa Anes il find premonition a ity, Tee ple ‘xc progeny put int atone They hein {hep te mye rae wpe cement aug there indy ped” Lew 994 174 15 Theat works bh ay per nh dy a | testa the sey woe On heather a oy wore he ‘eephanemay eke imaged Te eet gested nied ae nds epee are eps te mage alls the ‘heer tein any pa te we Sine One can ge a he nealing otis worn eng wh rte shal some ‘rokingat he she ante. hae tes eines ld i ‘Galery woop se males pio pg tl paren lng ofp recent tedeembated ve Tees pt apa ny Mer nein tension ete By thee com Ales Yar mashed nyo. Marpac he oct ret eal of uy st he ag i ac et pen a 4 sli in Ober oo, Two ment ice swe clea ws puis ‘ith Vg Gis Tis cle cme nl ention eet 14). The ton ote mete ety an ap pan a ae bo he tie gure used any mph oes ca hee eis Vrp one crm sal secede etm try etn 15 p's peo wee son oe: Caro pce ee tin, a ong wen te ge rat ee enced aia (hes met atin 59 16 Re evard Ain wat rt cor f Py mage ary od ‘hasbeen sn tel iup ocala rnl endof Ar Va {2 Helos writen sorta npr organ ey. ch he Med vag aed are ety cent tai here tn brat ea My nrmaton sh cul ea po ‘tes comes othe pro eas nin 97, 8. 997). "Theatr cig eset by Chars Bad rnd 3 at sei urchin phos ute ete atethe aaa ‘he cmmercalat eth 1305 For skal td ret en a ‘he arn eae 79 18 Titan as oat ye plata pmapot Man Maro as palo kar 9 a ep et at Poy + PH AMEMCAN SKORET WEAPON 38(093 Meno re or nay eon wth tga a Kel ‘049. eewhsh shew palsy Sh silane hen bt Ot he tine pia. hel pene in The pha gl (eb ton. 290) ad A Aa ep Mace oo Tee bacgrund ‘ee rh mide pong way ost tac gh Pe ‘nally. or moreRiera inet ae lay nd Saad "094 My nfmnston or scene for ew erat comes em tpl rocch f Awo Ben or our oreo Nove ‘9nd ny 199 Aosta fein we ccd a pedi pot bron 2 culo veel pps sb Thar ling acess ag ayn Holywood. ee wa eo eri tach Heone ‘Git (tel Nanuet Vrp (Ts Re Gi (Cs Bo td fe There wa ebay ny ef che Ann Shen whe Oop ‘Ge ete Sar Blas Hi, Lyd Bon. gl The Seer Get wat Lan Tr. Te naam were fen ange Ca ani er ample ‘sn a te Ping Gil an a en prop inp hat et ited ent wold ever he meaning The hehe of he weno eng fo Wal Wa "How Me Gone ‘ecm Downe he Farm no tat hye ee Pa Th gw ‘ued er Man Cale uy Bi 9). ‘The actu ete lf pnp hater cep wel ape tothe lcs y cen ie hoop uy eons. he Ira el bel he gap betwen the csi he ng. The shay torent etal compen cay whet tac te pet Ingato rmieat eege ht make he aera a techn rata rng tee Wr Ca Astin ld Shewad1957 Fy Th Cae ny ef Gen Pty. New et sia th bet ap rp Ard apy ew tp Va: The ue Yr, Nowak Mark ae Ane 1974 Entre hc rp i a Wh Chea a 3 Tn ag ry Berney Unto afr rm 8a ‘eb Als 990 Cong Ot dF Th eo of ny Men an mein ‘Wed WaT, Nor Pe _ Sin. tlh g7¢ The Pina: Proms Kw Chic Ris ray Pe tnt came tna “Transgression, and the 19th Century Pin-Up” TDR: The Jowral of Performance” Seireeseen : ee i et iT Gel i pees ny epee cao ae Bence ar cree) peepca thon rte ope tn By fm a Ht lg Inne ne et er eee ‘Stewart. Tabor and Chang. roca € SO cnc _ Wiehe s Gat iw ii nb) Seprg rennin sirens aioe yA ay he len Borne t-te te re nde ae fin eae Sera Pat apo fo ro an ogi Rearsanin peop penn ance — sent Rega — lec trose or res inn Fee yn in ee Se nee Her sn ig on i ol glleieporieg Eee - igelageed itd et . Bsc tapas “Toman, 193 Ah Joan Sng Page One Pasting, Waa, Ee. 979A Pal: The A of he Aira New ek an ‘Mon: 7.3996. A Nn rt fh ef ain rn Newark Seth ‘ath SmanieGauging a Revolution: 16 mm Flim and ‘tho Fico ofthe Pornographic Feature “* The laonship beeen he entertainment sey and ed por nograpy is much Uke dat between the pope moneyed family andthe slack jowed bad ahep coin ected ay in th atc Noone wants 2 -nomledge thatitests Noone waist be cag eet nc certainly 0 ‘one was admit tat itor fear of being tinted by revelations louis pas Sothe history ned pornography such ie —remaine fragmentary. quently anelabe, and a mich the aff whisper and {elon tof Wht story as been writen it ost fen eld the histories of ote, abet rete, topic such at oaceity a Kennet Tra and Stephen Zt Snot, publ in 974 fers ‘uy standard acount ofthe development ofthe hardcore festr, Ire 2s flows: during the 1960s, feature-length softcore sepltation fine (unedafctholn the marketplace wih Payopnpied imagery of mde ‘women anisterofsimulsted ex Around 967th expat “had one abouts fraitcould go (Tran and 26 1574.7), Atbout these time, shorts own beaver fis which bad prevouly ccs under round and showed ul ema mit with foc onthe genial, baa "0 appear above pound in San Francia, The spit bene action bere, nd hr cone loop gn appear sory sfervar By 969-7, asres of howto eautes emerged, sometimes refered tat tigen fins e“whtecosters, wearing the mane of sent respertaility as ‘hey ticked trough visu ose sel potons Concent ou of documentaries it the srens,purporig to exanine the lp and o- ‘il changes euroundig the emergence of pormogapy in Denmark nd ‘the United States. whe oflering had ore seuences by wy of station, Compilation festrs.reerted at Ristori of the tg film, chy fl owed? By oid, theft hardcore arate fete, Mona Bll (151970), appeared. Much ofthis recounted by nda Wilt, Ino conchdes that in 97a the “tasition fom ict stag ne the eal ‘clonal nratns” wa sigaale by he ail of Dp Tht read | Damiano. 1972, wich “brs ino the pbc consconnes" 199998) yen though we ack programmatic story of kmed ha cove pt ography, development as cidenced above. hat ben nara ‘result has tended toward an ory rp chronology lakes jmp cron series of fds, fering greater exes with ea ap {heiewayto predetermined end —~nonsimulted representations sectvon screen This same account of steady, tela mar ude ‘mined general fm itor for years ad obcired many ofthe ecole ane inkl esos forthe event dominance of the arate Fr | ‘hero mation pares What has become ncresinghy evident tt fextretength hardcore nara conaitted merely an entre reds of esentlly poder underground sag vie in he yas 1908 1967 andthe simi plots stings of pom inthe eo age emerge tng he ioe and continuing tthe pee) Abtogh he pda ‘between the ear 1705 athe i980 now widely garded the ‘polden 9 ofthe hardore Fert lie fr hae ge nto epaining ‘ow and hy the hardcore festa merged when il * The many dil ‘ues involved in nswering ts question and af ont a sry lf the pornographic fn aeematete an apoach ht acount ot only forbase glad nda eonsdeations but lo fr such cul fae ‘stechneogy. This history must then eens within the appropiate social and pla ent. “The purpose ofthis esi explore he origin of the aor ma ‘ative fear in he period em 19601973, the ear Dep Thrt rst timo the enter ofthe eur wage, By examining ate nade mag ines and newspapers. advectising, podcast an bch an the fms themseves (pt the reco s-alle snati movie a8 swlas ie discourse surondingthe les and he seca revlon eco ive ata more maced understanding of how ad why the pornographic fexure developed and wy nacatie bce, rte, the deat pa _, gm i pen, What L man to suggest ta tof hry pec‘mater combions of production pd reception notably the ned ction ‘fxGmm asathentcalmodeinthe ad mahet contro thera of ‘he pornographic feature. These conditions proved just as rmportan as the ‘dual eal decisions and he porn auteurs, often ete a major causes ‘nthe development ofthe fest Inded 16mm lm eatnized the dl fl are, ringing harcore fims ou fhe back oom and placing (her ‘on cee” awed the Unie Stet The acute leer ‘son sem andotherine wae mobilised o diferent the nee 6 mt ‘ms fom exiting adult motion picture product. Moreover the exploit ‘on iin nick haben characterize dead ndi heist fined omograpy, competed dire wih 6 ls making the former i stramental in te develprent ofthe hardcore ete ‘Thingy ford ever important outcome, et file some othe gaps inthe tory of Sed pornography history tht has gener ally gone gored in ln studies dept the curl and economic pct Geleetalinl ns heixion nintaetions hc peep fone i fer itor agi’ an accurate understanding ofthe story ofthe pornographic feature would seem a prerequisite fr cntinsing eit, s- ‘Sl rls decsson Second, recent works demonrtaed the dgree ofinence sexpoitaton nd porograpyhad on mainstream i ina try pacts in the Go and g7os (Wyatt 990; Lei 3000) thas important tat our understanding ofthe history of serpin and por esp proach he evel of out understanding of Hollywoed ding this etd. The ad finaly thishiterrelprurscknowiedge tied w= In wich the 16 me gauge as been usin amateur moviemaking ecient sedation, icy. nd prune. ‘Te Sepiotaton Fim Some discussion ofthe seypetation markets necessary fr etextuai ing theta of 6m pcre al the emergence of accor tres. ‘in "Bll Daring! Shatin! Tree acu ow fromthe ex 1920 the later9505"cssalexplatation fms ofered US 2udencs the sighs fr den bythe Production Code wel by many tat nlc ens- ship bie. Usually couched as espns of contemporary problems educa onal eat or mort ps, dasial explain las maintaved thet onton in the market by incling nomen of spectacle le hing ‘cen inmainteam movie ner tin mudi campe shots of ripteaee lances sl fotage of Culdbish tins of venereal dsease, and people engeging i range of ves. The fils survived inane ste ev ‘nee by inching squarepants edition saement that explained how esorure of the problem in question war aeety 10 bring bout is eration But athe Helped a system crambled inthe 195s. and with tthe selfzgustoryinfatacte tht ad e t ace snc ga, mainstream productions began to reiterate oat the ope too under the Production Code Schace 1999), Dy the ne gn dey fo ew cp of ale mae es appeared tht contained mit ut didnot have an edutional ae mat. Rats Meyers The inarl Mr Tes 95) general aco ged asthe fist ofthis new breed of emotion wae Quik lowed barat of others sch The Adventure f ach Pare Her Gordon Lewis 1960) ad Mr Peters Pas. Dick Crane, 196) Monto | ‘the mudi ctes operated a comedies andthe logue oc tration wa | fier eprinkled wih double enters. but they lacked over esl ae sions. Although Female nay provided the dav always emained die ‘eet. Actes ere shat nly fom the was po rein Nadie cates gradually gave way to reser age of epi fle ‘hata. cheugh by 20 meaneabsy conte ictona acaiesiae dg spect ty inte content of eon sitations, ands in times ‘Simulted sea acti The range of selon fie made dig the 19608 included suburban expanse. Sin nthe Sub [Jo Sm 4964), ams sbot bigs decadence (eg To Tarn a Tht Cate | “Andre. 967), peyodrama about ver obession (The Cane He ‘os, ullan Marsh 1968) and spot of di tes eg. Dc he ‘ity ld Man diz Wiliam Edwards and conerporary genes “high Spi Wiliam Henge 1967) Shortages of Holjwod mores and reagan he ati 608 dered many eines turn eeplotaton. The Tesi Repro the Commision on Once andPoopagy atest 969, rp ok Inunted die and hardup theaters ined specie chan sch ‘the Art Teste Guid and Pusat. egully played sexplitation prod uct (Sumpson 971,37. ous Shr’ At Theater Gul for example begat 2a strng of house specializing is European at fms in 1954 By 965. Sher had moved ito dsiuton, releasing Andy Wal ies ike Lane some Coop it Andy Wathl and Pal Moric, 1968 and Fh (ie Paul Moras, 1968), an exentuly splitation and yor ls such as ‘The Stewardess ie. AI Sian 1969) Mensa Hiro he Bue Mas ir Rex DeRenzy. 197) (Serpe 197, 30 lng, ines‘ince Mian but nd renomate Lot Angeles bldg at contained theater After being ested bythe hers department or showing an ‘legdly scene movie Miranda was deen move deel nto the porn ‘snes athe expended time and money ing the hare Oe ine. ‘epics ore theaters which imately became Caliora's Pusat “Tater chan By 98, Miranda operated forty bones (Karinsky 1984). Meanwhile, dosent of ther urban theaters eral deve spatial inthe South— programmed sendy streams of septation move. addition to theaters tha regu payed sexptation ns nde “fetes booked them fram tet time daring the 19608 Ths number tren: xpi as bekout pce suche, Woman (i Mac Aber 1566) Vn (ie Rast Meyer, 1968) and Wi w th (ls. Anolse Meine, 197) ha long ra in showease rd nighborbood theater [As Vary oberved, when Abo’ Dish moor I: Woman eet ‘tt fom the emplottionhoutes, evaded suburbia and immediatly struck pay” (Far Out 1967.1) The fl broke into especable ene: ‘ary iit Areca unin 1966, when played th Tan aon Eighty fh tet in Manbtan (Coie 573,39 Other explain ties fa omega the ml companiesan the epesenttie be came concerned that seapaation pears were geting bookings in raor ‘lneandin est 970, Motion PictareAsoton of Ameria ha) resident ack Valent Isunched campaign to dessde exhibitor rom ‘ooking serptation is CMemge and Leighton” 1970.4: “Valet “Persona Capa? 1970, 4-5;"Valet Too Many 1670 alents er senal 1970 4-5) "An esac’ group of ributor and subdiatribtos seve the un res of ater ayn sexltaton pod ether regula orocason- ally, American Fm Distratng (ro), Adubon, Bowie Internation, Cembist Dist, Entrainment Ventre, Ee, and Obapi inter. tinal were jst some ofthe ager compares that carved out a rae segment ofthe motion pcre recipe. In1g68 a, Bois ner ‘onal Disa, and Om: nterationa cle reese hy m0 ptr In bemeen 5 nd 0 festa length epltation ites [at the ccuit Sampson 1973) Actalg ited by Dip 67, Stich iste rouct em the previous fie yeas, inched one handed Feature te, the st jeri color (Diep Catahopue1970 In alton, dzens of smaller compares issued afl o two pe yea. ‘Serploation Sma wer produced and exubted in mm "5.00010 125000, with's fair mambercomingin 40,000, Wilesome were aby ed tote frat 30000 0.200 fw of te mae borate col redactions aden 198-70 cot ean co. (Smo {9713-3 Real es fred sy oct an states od and iange ruc uly ted fo a, eel depend ingot si met pt proc, Ber ees cal ‘ommind percep) 1170 the sera ndsy bg ache. eto see ‘aon heer were coming wd hose, which an th cep {State publ o highend operons, ach ote Pure chal hich soogh oto betispy pdt tan Bo ere Imprnct the deiprent ohare etn pee al at ocean slang the ie of 6mm ands podcon ales Eager Seavrs an Sent Thestors By 193,16 mm equipment was standardised and Bogan tobe maketh san ‘amateur puge i contrast the 35 mm gage for presen? From that point on companies sch se Kodak and elland Howell mat ted the 6 mm gauge aes product for mide and wpper-mile ‘das famles Ziemann 995,273) Faes ot nly shot amateot ‘movies and family subjects bu lio bought and rented set leon 8 wide ange ofp. Outfits such at Cae lms Ofc Fils ae Bake hawk specie in emarels sports ls an cored, bt oe om Flies produced adult "at stn” avaiable o home clara diet mil al through casera stores and oer outs (Schafer frien) Since east the mio}, ever nid and companies cling Nut Productions Paci Ciné Predictions, ad Vanity Prodicas,poe duced and sold these anaraite shot which arly festared one or ‘omen lounging around on ase. an partment, rin alanis. Many shorts ncade ul ntl ity, wlth caves tha they were "po ced forte excasie wef ast and rt student The tts of 6 ‘hanged during Wok War I andi he potwat prod ea el of is ‘en combat nd newsreel photography, well ain the burgronig i ‘atonal mater As lower pied easier ous 8mm equipment came par among amateurs nd kore movie eats inthe 1950816 mim ‘aretobeconderetaemiprofessionl~ but sila athe guge (@immemson 1995. 17-18 ‘Soteenlimete alu lm began to move au ofthe home ad inopubliceiition the bepinning of 97h ear the San Franco Bean Ineradveieed the et beaver li The Re ttl eater with ver nded este Satoh Stet nd Valencia, ad been servi 2 stay tenn of scaled ie when it fered "Naughty yep nd ger Bearer at Thei Bary Bet and procimed isl Home ofthe Eager ‘ewer Films” Ail oreramomthister he eels a Tied and Mision, tls began averting “ager Beer Pla” Thowe two bauses were son foie bythe Gay Pre and other venues. The designation of eager baer ‘fl nay hive decid the entnsae ofthe on sren performers, ut Inove important he tem served a signal for thoe who ne tb ‘erwas euphemism forte female pubicaea The Gy Pare and Peels ‘ocd standard dst aed when thei progr change. The Rae Was far more imaginative ini averting, announcing program changes ith new ties sucha Beer Pn Benucoup Beer Bear at Sea ‘ewer in Sloe” and Eager Beavers Demanding Ti igh" In "The beer fis emerged fom the tration of bee and arcade Ss shot on and exited wit 1S mam equipment an featuring completely ‘male modes Beyond us ofthe x6 mm gue cy art studies andthe bes ‘ers shaved certain abe, At the ae roar lee a ature & ‘ake femal, oemaes, posing fr the camera, The films tended tobe be ‘ween thee ten minteslongand were uly constructed ofaseies of ‘Shots ahr than single lng ake, The women who pose othe camera tended to acknowledge ts presence pd tha of he unseen epator, But difernce between the at tes nd the beavers existed swe “Thewomenintheart sues were more quiescent in eping wt the com temple quits ofthe nie ead 9925-53. Bycontas the women inthe bean lls emplayed mare overt acta ge and movement: the lad ili, rnd hips, ad humped thebeds or couches ‘nhc hey ried A Ene Jhon igs the eae ls "were Infueeed by the "moving ames yl of documentary prodtions nd] fama lang” wich mpi a") and pentane that Conveyedan“sppazey spontaneous, scemingyunsciptedscene of send ‘olay Theineresend sense of inimacy pd spontane inthe eae fms (wert nd pre be Gm gauge andthe discret? tached 01999, 523-44 “The hin where x6 mm ad lms were shown—fom homes: aes ad low pole peep sow rene t theaters ocuted for seer ‘eatns Fin nthe home make, 6 mum had ben paced by cheaper {8mm al per products: Those who made 16 mm adit movies were ‘fn rhe Sota tn ‘mn un Grn eneniomi ashore sneer cpa aap on ah ontop tavtoneguminiavereanegae {ton crt panera apa ft Tn tty paitsveng am ea rt oh shh as my pa rr ct aa ‘remind opal napa tas ey Spr eesnrstuinar dra focel nce cr ci ree se Ireneprn onc op oops sone cca ~sigeeaiont ao tie tne nn ene ion ropiat n anuerswindicoe ee ‘erp ted pine cacao hema mrt cie o ited ete dane sen ae tna poten canes pe See yao omen pnt rip nd aot te eth ty ee ‘isin tone end eft cp loi rag pa Sateen wectineyprenesnne ea ite mn aol inane ‘iw a te pn nee ‘pepsin tet ithe ssa neces sree pethiertoemetntecaericae Tae Tita opm hepece arco ‘ont naar tioned oa cape opts torte now yaaa ee aid eens esniacnoe Serco “ahd ee casa ‘nina eons any ns pend fraternal, ‘Avome AnevoLUtON arcates ay, when beaver lls did not ave ynhronize our cod ‘ora tape player nas necessary to prove mses ake the sta. costs, operating cst forstorfonts were ov tn San ‘Francia, average week operating bets ia g7o tote rug 3 500 ~#35 for rent, 375 fo projections, 400 fr ote empeyers, to fo ‘management and mitelancous expenses, 300-1750 for averting td 1150 fr fil. Operating costs were lowe or wena wth suficent walle ‘nade to make adversingunnecesary or tht operated or fone hour, Storefonts made up for thie sal amber of eats with inflated het Prices, uly tas al smeties 5 “ie bucks no ater ‘who youre woe James Fao in 1969, alo bead fora movie Bat its still maintain worth (96,7) The Sedalia ticket prc edd tobe higher than what emotion theaters charge, which fn tra at more tha the aera amison (2) 3 mainateam cinemas, The higher rice coneyed a sense of fridennes, bt tale helped dey the pes ic gal ile, Sve storefronts euch athe Venus Adil Theater in Pasadens, Clif. ev imposed membership ees Others fered dicount af dear ‘oc twofor coupes nd senior tens rie admin for women wie. ‘ents A Reader Review” 19754), Lengthy bors of operon ls helped ‘make up for minimal seating capacity, Mot serftons were pen yd ‘moming al chew things row ring the busines doy. Sucenl ‘torent theaters in an Franco were able ulinas muchas3io000 Pet work although researches a the ine med tht mst set or ely takes onthe ender of 4.000 (Sampson 19739). ‘Thesuces of 6mm aul Gime in Sat racic, ond a that hey remained celatvey unmolested by aw enfoceetficials thee kd the polferationofsiniarenerpezs aoe the cy and then the county. ‘The Commission on Obscenity an Prmgrapy estimated that of Je 170, thee were shout fourcea toreontsoperting in San rancid atlesson hundred in Los Angee. The Lot Angelesara spore he Sand box Adult Theater. the Kanata Pleste Dome, Cinematheque the Fle, Festi Holywood. and the Venus Ad These in Pasaden. Mot of ‘hese places were fay nondescript and aaided pret poster ep ‘wees that mig offend moral watchdogs Php the ude” font was ‘he im Festina with itstage"Open 24 Hou sign and promise “Holly ood New Super Stig" The Xanadu ge marque incre promised “Adults Only FutastiCokr Fears Retin Halpwod. Te entrance 1 6 pr ad Lose oe ous oot em tote Cinematheque 16 wa ile more than snonynas doorway Ue amavning (A Readers Review” 1973 8), New Yorkwas vrewtt slower emake the more nt 6m Rags Jac clamp ffs by pice nd policlns ceed a more ations at aglere, but by ne 1968 sd or bene ins hd bento ape the iloge Vote. Advising for x mm movies began to app reply Ste 1969, an by ety 970, the beavers were ely ensonced (NY, Rinls1970,4) The Commision oa Obscenity ad Porogapy estimated that abou three dozen 16 mi hoes ween operation in Ne Yr City by mid970 (Sampson 75.0 coud seen mn le tthe Aveo Seveth enue the its Cine on oadmay between Fert seren td Focty-ighth Stes Rex and Chelly Wilson operated he Came and ‘he Toa wells the Eras and, which started with beer short aad ‘more nt 16 mm features (Versi 97,3) There wee als hese Font ofthe New Em chain~consdeed the lowe! the low"The mat ‘quer ofthe Pte Adu Cinernon Seve Avene covered the sigh‘atid par and the theater sel was ite more than pce sectioned ‘of from the pool om by two by four and Sheteck (Crackdown under Way” 170, 4} The Med Theater on Fry second Se oa enale ‘ners name screen nd mal “beserson a cond [Rial 970, +4) Other major ties ha at east ors oeint operation anderen ‘ome slliowastadone orto. na1970artleentied-How Stn Flicks ‘it ible Bel Wateron, low” New decribed the ninety net Min Cinema 16, which had opened on Carnet Steet fo ate to fates temeling lesen and student fm the University of Norther oma (a8) Euep or pole legal ils, te pest nga exper to Operate storeion theters came fom the fm themches: Ax with the oun ‘ove busines atthe tun of the entry. pictues weekly ldo right to storefon exits When nevewed by Ja Sampson foe the Commission on Obscenity and Prmograpy, San Franco exiitor Les Nazi cimed tht here was no stem of mations tbat for 16 mr sorefint ls (Natl nd) He noted that one company, Able Fm of Los Angeles, had traveling slemen wo ped films foto cy. Adit ‘im maven David redman bas cone how produces would send ‘courier out el prints direc exhibitors fr ch Friedman 1996). ‘Since sales fen tok place one on one, 6mm poder unlike explo ‘stn reducers did note provide posters pres book or other a ‘erising materials, usted etsorone poe fers, sometimes wilh pot. pap ora crudely drawn picture, annencing» fi srl tothe ‘Soren operator were alle promotion that wat neces frie ha ing costs reducers could hope to sl went thirty prints to soft ‘in various ces beer prtesmabed me and eat ping them, (Be ‘cause they operated the order ofl, teri eideneo po cers tying poset the pate) Natal sated ta the erage charge for four hundee-oo cle prist was 30-160. This pei bched ip byasaes roche foe Lae Angler taeda Enereses which fee foc undred-fot el for 45 an ve nded-oo eee for 50 (Natal addsmaa Enterpics 570) ‘Some exbtor rodaced thei wn 6 fils, and ee they had. ‘ayed intr theaters, they ped them to ter sents. Not aly {this the edb to remain ava local obey prosecutions but alo kept the in ouch with wht thee patone Hed td died. For eample, mort fthe two unde oo moves made byte Michel ‘Brothers pico Behind the Gren Dor (973) wee ae shown anywhere she but nthe own heater, the O's in San Franc, wn Le Po hctions run by Alene Esters Lowel Picket, prod ln fr the Suter Cinema, a in Sun Francisco (though both te Orel the Suter were considered ep above pic etreffont). ‘The quality ofthe films played storefont heaters onthe aut Ina the ls ere short and ent, bat he spread 6 mse fons puted entrepreneurs to diferent tbe eters nt ony fo serpin oss by sowing moe graph acta, Buta oh om ‘etingsrefrons nation to Beeaming mre exp by showing Called spit beves and acon beaver, by srg 1969, 16 am theaters Introduce 2 number of aritions cdg sundial bese er) 5-D, mule sens, lesbian ation, and mae flh*Announing {pen poli” was ao fat egulrplo to strc patrons An ad fora ‘racic Pris Theatr inthe August, 1960, Examiner dime ha the ‘hester wasn lnge showing nei ony short ofa fils ate ‘head “ae festretie with boy and gis, gs and gic, nd various come ination (Parl Thee 1960), Two wee ter he Pik Ket sere sry mines of and new favorites” ~ahorts—In yack ound as wells None hour fete I was th move to fete arate dit sgmetbe 16mm fort continued ily Pink Kt 969) 965, ames Fallon desried how bred setin for he ese ato fe nlp Amhoor: "You ad your geting bre, even though, when you pane ‘up atthe aren, the Thing i sil heen al is hry. Sudenly eu ate ‘ightened. his Yous our. Am geting tn ok to cut ts) ‘Steen iinet Foatwes an ReotlonaryClecouee ‘iene boredom may hive helped ps 6 mam produces to move io Sears. Bu the 16 mm producers were compel toa positon fa. ‘ation tostay step aed ofadtonal mm expen wih, tam, had ben fore int restr einen bythe anal ofthe beaver and |ncresngly se Hllywood fare Running ot of vistions oreo i, ‘the 6 mm outs bg to mprove thecal quasi inca ‘at stay ines into tr laos of get epiciness Rhy 9755-361 ‘Porn Popeom 7.) "Theil etre length x6 cis, sftenecking nat ary one hou were wn th rade suai ‘ims. These combined thence geal expe of the bene wi ‘he narative conventions of the essed serpin move ‘nan neriew with Dan ys, Joun oy Podctns and Maton Dis twin explained that as of 97, the mm serpin market and theCen Dos70— peso ey (Sonar Wer 6mm market gan ome. “There ala fmm eplitation pod ete eplaine, andthe majors are producing gene rca Saat hot athe old 5mm emplttion were. Snow the mm exper ave toget hate, the same asthe 16 mm pres Iave been gla fr larg tie: Ba ty ae nat producing engl o mati te theses. So thee Itorr ar equpping now for 6 mm mem tey can ave contin sow every week” Although sme exes who had tuted with beaver loop wer cece fo cogs becoehyh regular cate, new 16mm theater tended topen with eter (Rye 3971, 6" ‘We can loko Cosmos Films for an crampe ofthe camnergence be ncn the exces ofthe esters an the eomnentions of septation. Te Kaif, owner th Cape Cima «New York sexton house, ‘ormed Cota around 19670 prodce sepniatien movies Something ‘Wed 1952} The company inialy made fur 35 mim Wacand-white Seats in New York These lms operated squarely within the sepeite tn comentins of the day: looey sacred native na combined vith scenes mit andor simulated se. For nstance, Het Ee Deans Ir Mor Shuman, 1968) lows a woman NewYork who experiences 2 sce of rte aprears and nen encountery, several ceteed aout 2 ued ook shop. Athugh the cause and rhnships ate nt pa tury song gene raja emerges a the seks, and evenly finde, sera ait, The Mind loa (Haran Remo, 1968) a tie Seopndentanrpemeranier-mpepisstipmewierian ee!) tases of hissubjets by recoding tc aia waves. Hino ener when is sSitnt mites up he apes and ncn teat ts in the ube In these fms, men in undershorts “humped” naked women nd women wore esti exessios a menor women-dipped below the fate fer them or plese Inthe ter part o 1969, Cosmos nance a sere f 6 min cae tures shot in Calflora Lae the seat Rm, hee sma fo ‘are iniaied narra, bet arate init one. Frit Coe oes The Lins xy (96), Jackspend his ime ing women rumberin merit reosoronthe mallet pay phones Acli sme ‘smooth allem fom one sexual adventure ana. “Usb” ‘exis "two dy, thee broad, ad tony cont ine” ok ee {ade ar ct short wher vit hi decor who tlh, Woe te tance tages avery ze genial dase ack naa your elie is over freer” The Runa (972) the ory of Fred and, hd ‘fer rom marta probleme cies bayer a aor od wien Fred return fem wor, bt complain belo edo make love “This ibecauee he pends all hi time a working with i een ‘rother momen wth whos hs fe mt Richard books hit up Ae Poin Richard arranges for Fro to met a"hat amber” at tel MD Fetus tobe ace, wh ial et what she wats fom bn lying ab ‘What set Conmors 16 mm features apr fom 35 man sexption roves sown and those made by fer companies aed ai hem with he benerandother 16mm soc wa the degree fea thy ‘neue, Thine ll mle ry without erection and. athe vers women on Bede o couches with te ee pred frag le, fallvews of ter aps These “spread women” were ard by Me Ot ‘women (rb themes) runing has ve thighs wd vas. Aer & fod deal of his reply the men would mouth women and en "Sma the movement of nero. ‘Working with Tom Gonning’s concep of the “nema of tection” bhavecspined how incl explotation Se natratvemarinterapted invarying degrees by momensof pec inte formofdsplays of aby. bsexyglene footage dug se ands (Sdneler1999, 76-99) Sra ar‘uments. abi ug somewhat lees hori mtn ound {in Willams’ discasion of narrate and mumber” inh cre este of the 170s and 19805 and in Cig cher nay of narrative and de Scrpion” in Rs Meyers sexpltation Sm Reynd the Valley of the Dal (igre) (L-Wilans 1996; Father 1993} Reptles ofthe terminlogy sed ncach of these instances, we wiles an owilaton betneen nar: te expeston and instance of cal dsl. The 6mm simustion fis ‘mare the nates of semplotaton fms ose a they were ates, with the increased explcness of ples: besser Mach ie the rai: tin toward arate inthe ery dye of cine, heaton of aeatve ‘otheiSmm fm ered to stable podictin andenated proces an ‘ibis dfrenate the lms more cer byte om shots nt loops most which i not ne tle. The inroécton marae ade itesertoatractabroader alee of mae tan ustsingl men i964, ‘he Supreme Cours decision nthe Jars: Oko cae elite the Principle that material deting with sex ina mate tht sects es, ‘that as tera Slee, o arate ale or ay other frm of Importance cold not bel abcee. Nez may have served eit nung faction for pornographic fms Because it wa a fs tech to gue that eaturelegth narratives contained acl or atic igficance ad therefre wer at bacene under he Jacl standard ‘The 6mm aut ms rode te cet os ce peer ents for 16 mmasa gage As Adison Vr roe in Varn 3970,"Up oa year 149,16 mm wat canridered 3 nome made of exilitin, pay gare college film societies and pate eae” p78). The Associaton of 16 zm fim with clloge students imply ake the fo mat wih adel change sinc tat obo as often senn newapspere and ‘mapas on tesion at in the set, engaging in pote otf ng the status quo in more symbolic wayt—by goming i aang, or ‘ample. Many of Leo Production’ 1 mm ls were made by ten fom San anc tate Unsere’ fim department For thet fl, ‘hey were gen Goo feet tock nd pl someting ke 35 (he sume foe ‘heats and actresses ot) fhe ished product as erp they wee Allowed tomabe a lange for more money fat was good they toed ‘po festrer (Norland 57.4). ‘The 16mm gauge was ls the choice of vant ge and independent im artists Ju Sates describes how the oppositional tnt of 960 underground mars (Keane Anger ck Srith abd Ay Withol ‘mang ther). mot of whom made thei i with 6, ma el the ‘mately and deolgialy with ther waves of dsent in the 19608 such {south movements, seul eration fonts, cilsghs onpnizations and ‘ther forms of potest ad socal experimentation often eet 0 a the ‘counterculture 199659" Venues such a Cinema 16 and Anthlogy fm Archie cemented then between 16mm, idcpendet means of ‘prodicton ad distribution and, often, radical aesthetic Inte peice to is 99 Gude to Fnnalng Edward Pinched othe reveutinsty potenti o 8 am and x6 mame production, concuding, mn othe me ‘makers ht they may ange woe 9.3). Fial, Pca Zimmer Imani ha noted that 6 mn “astern” could be reimented a at ‘oe and esse for he maker It countered big badgt prod ‘on th hip bares tent with ow co ls. It upae expertise ‘with imagination I replace poesonl equipment with simplecamera™ {i995 198. nded, the makers 16m sex fis replace profonal ‘euipment with ingle cern They alo cauntered ge age em tation productions, wth he (comparatively higher aries entry. St owcat Sins. And they displaced eperse sot with iagintion {hen wth pester exticmes. Low eae Faced by nanan, expanded ‘hepesuilities often medi, Thiexpanded cinema Yousetetile Gene Youre populr—and eee book, coal in ed fan expandeéconscovses” and rc change (97042 "The mone sake love the more make revo (Pecks 98. 227)~ that and similar logins were commen sen the countrcalare arng the ae 160, ‘Te asocton betwen 16 moni, aerate to msinstream pa ‘ie and ve seu cepeeson ad soil change ws ot esto any a ‘hore wh mae tortor fms or on those wi observed he penome> bon. The Nav York Tims Mogae labeled the ity movie” a ‘another ‘epectafhip cular claiming it many ofthe yung lamakers woking Inthe Bay Arca wer sing porno make statement” ae characterized ‘Alerde eazy asia Le Godard te rowel rape poe Alene ste who rn the Ste Cinema in Sn Francie spoke of he Sms as pt of move oward greater openness that ppeaed othe youg. andthe San Francisco Erotic Pim esta which she and Lavell Pike sponsor was said to bean expression ofthc iealsm (Muay 971 22-9) Avetising ceatinualy made reference othe waysin hich 6 mm ‘im hllenged he wt qu. Even some af he performers oo thet roles sean revolutionaries serio, cocemg oly od fs they ft Ind plot and sme meare of sci relevance One mel tl he om- mission on Obscenity and Pomagrapy that when she worked with "seos directs "he fing et a os artic one” Nay 1971). Wheteras procs, ovewers indivi aescated with ex films were eneourgel to thnk of ther volement a2 coxnteel tur act. The new, faker 16 mm eevee mst he coerce othe ‘elton in fm sess nd the cena revoitin. ‘Thesurberfeompanies making 6m ls forthe adit maket ro erated api" This growth not oly sige he mpetance of i ms ‘in nthe adult mart nthe Inte 19608 tal demonstrated the om parathe ee with which one could oe into the Bed, Sine the 1 mm rouctons went farther an sexpletaton and, depending onthe ea ‘rere heretical —if ot bays in actuality mote nuneabee poser on, there wa ite incentive to ives machin production An our ng 16 mum feature could be completed fo le than $2.00, with rtf the une going tl tc and ab workin ober wore on area oe ‘neteath the bgt of fad bc tn emptation feature (Nay 197% Bo: Rosle 197319 On the oe and the ower budgets rd ama eur aesthetics ofthe 16 mm fils inscribed them wit more naturalism oc "zthericiy” than saloon movi On the then tps ‘were very professional By the end of 1970, ll sco and Howard Zchmis (Graft Predation was epee o gost oe tan $ millon, The ame any. which had begun operation ate marethan aya efor Rasta by caning aut ome tentyBemer lp pr mesk (eng 7on 3) Bat the ples lops began ing way o ete, Hateld Nang, woking or ‘he Commision on Obscenity and Forogrphy, deteicd that by 1579 fenurs were commanding the nrket, and eventhough they reqled reser capital uty “the return ere] more tata ha howe fom ag mois thors” (8178). “Aste range offs exuded nclade men and wom together ad 2 the ils shied from shorts 0 fare Seng nates, some oper ons bean agree scking ot amore are lente wh viewed at tendance at porogapic Kms at prt of hei patton nthe seal revolution. The uteri San Franco offered cole rat, nd Alene ster vole ride inthe that young peopleandcuples made up ood portion oftheauience (uray 17,3) The Ste ade with gente dra {ngs of men and women, ines fom Elizabeth Rare Bowing poetry and promises of “enstiveand eet ext ntertanmes wee ely Aesigned toate wider audience than thea for ener movie. The ‘ord atthe Mini Cine 16 in Water, lwo, wat estmated ob about 4 percent women —no doube most fom the aa unersiy (How Skin ry ¥ SHOW TOMORROW | |. Avpeal aden San farce Suter Gra sea ara he feather eset rw oat sane sen Cleo ak Hie 1970, 28) Onm and Zchm ced that “So percent thee udience are couples, moto them inte 20 and or, and wet ja the ‘ty me of popu let “Ina effortoatact ore women the alt ‘redecorated testes thy wat besosezy shane nae ‘fone The Ere to"Te Boveri Ginema" (Porm and Popeoa 97h Ip) "May S."thericket rk and manager of he Peery, anther ‘San Francisco operation expaine hat he teste i ood nse th ‘ouples, peep because they had aspecarea forlorn who were ca one from the ingle men She oud that women were expec fond ‘movies ike The Runa Ving (ie Bll Osc, 2970) which ad rn ‘motional story line coupled wih ep action (Re Willan 197, 9 dition ohelpingto daw wider audience, the incason of saree se ‘ators emer lel pound they wee poet, From Sinsation to Ha Core Fetes vi. riedian hasientiiedthe 6mm simulation feature whichearse to dominate storm testers, athe "mising nk” betwen the sepa tation fm andthe harcore fete (998. Inded by 1070 the in be-‘ween simulation and hardcore wae aor hi, When Mate fw Prod ‘on wat atk define hard cet nthe yes, she sed at er extern A single wad: "isertion” (ys 47,5). Atte time, my Productions dit ‘otf ahard core under Mares definton, Frnt, an fate fom 1970, Mode! Hite, tls he story of wo bickering bien 0m: ‘mates, Kim nd Emma Ki, who supports Ems, aka doing ee ‘modeling for Jk,» photographer Ena ear is roused when se scorers that Kn has ha ex wih the abaterbup Kim make seen ‘isto John wit Emma in tow. Thine Kim has ex with model, am, nd withanater photographer, Dae ob seduces Emma When the 26m. mates etm hone, Ena esous streak eve, Kim sy that he wl ‘move otf ma keee tp. Bu Em irs the bles by announcig she is eving—fh hit eo mae sn wit hi Whe rly orate nara, ke most expen fms, Model Hers operates se chain ofcauseand ft rltionships tat ik and ue he sens of semua spectacle, And, ke the bever shor features besser coe pe ‘ruled orl sex. and simulsted intercourse betwee all te part pans aswel as mal rections The on thing ning it se Macs ‘terion ier" Ths the ely diference between the 6 mi sil ton fimsand what wouldbecome hr-corefeturs wa thelackotamers anges r close-ups tat validated penetration be ental orl oa” ‘Whether Grafts Mona war the fit tare scl co ine my ‘beopente dete, buen t debuted in Sua Franconia, twat can the st ich ln to make plat, Ads for De Rey Screening Roun sted patone thatthe Sheri rele “upsets pedaceces navy tat makes them stanly abet The dere of xpi and ‘eedom exresed in Mona ir unprecedented. It make he s-ale sag ‘movies pase (Mona a 1970) ‘One of sfmot the, thao sites in New Yor wa the stomata 16 mm Mini Cinema at Seventh Avene snd For Stet, which be (en presenting 3 program of ‘San Franc ardcore atthe beioning of September 1970, Oneof thse ery two hour sites conse offi ae shorts andthe featre Bacto Lave ka, Hat Sen) "tek of thing tt ‘sed to be run of at chlor parte al actin ad no redeeming’ sec ‘elucaon or dcumentar commentary on he oandack: (Ver 19706, 3. Whie Bio Lovelace the secs teappgs the white costes ed fot ‘Protection in curt reporter Adson Vers ameasent was some ferstted, ince he dave a semblance ofa plo He eatin tha 2 pet bead and en show per dy a eas some f which were standing 0m oly the house cull all n mae than 40.000 per week The are cf atigh tum nd ini iment ceil oped prec nd ‘ibitorto cro theine rm simul features into hardcore etre. I.Now Yrk Cay dintbutor pres favoring Est Sie tosters coupled ih produc shortages cntiuted 9 wt Vere eld “roping beave> ine Times Square ares, Some tity Sve theaters inthe vicinity were [Hayng not aly septation fetes bt le nd fel emer op fda eas tre sites were paying hardcore loops (97035 Within Wo ‘month scoters had ether opened or converted oa harcore oat (Wersit 570d. 38, ‘Because production was not centralized anther were vying ges poner lean of sex Sins. would be fest temp 12 “enti a cleary dacermble moment when te poducton of hare 6mm festres began to outst production of 6 mm ition ee ture: nded. hey coveted for mont fat fr a eaupe af eats. Sal Shi. vie president of Sherpx. sated “We bel that Pornography is ‘Georapy which means ing people what they want atthe proper geo: (papi lcason”(Macdonouph 297-2) The was partially ue ‘the 16 mm market. Stretton theaters showing 16 mm eure uit bes came recogize a acs tac ls tat pushed the boundaries ft they cold go-be tha imultion or hard coe ike thei sition counterparts the plot of 16mm hardcore fests were usual lozey Aled eter bya sere of ene. Hr Lae suchas example, faolvng» chunky. jas-weringcooneresitare ype who introduces hit Fendi the thre eae rosa crested ge hi nd ech te sein peur Heandhir fiend partake. adngof proialy ntlthey feilze he robets anno be turned off and they "nd up tery devouring the geniemens redenti"(Veril 97003. © While so age epi, Moe included rater dare of pyc: legal motiation athe ule Heroine ergo i lato with hee boy Iilend and sere of other in oreo remain a vipa for her wedding fight. Steacusally ecto Love and Mona wee viral dentia thet ‘multi counterparts sucha The Lines uy, Rana and Medel une aon in thei we of certsn camera also the insertion ‘feat shot lose-ps that valinted penetration o or ental conact. that they dived. Whe ti ference may seem obvious now sch tinction were rarely mae in the marketing sexton of Rims "Th ae of he 16 mm etre sige ess in the alt le ne sey. The site where thie desienen rot cel neste all nas Avan anevoLution a‘in the Adult Fn Asaciston of Ameri in November 1968, Sm Cher ‘ofa the Dallas based Astro Fim Company dressed eter tohisfllow ‘Sesplttion exits, encouraging tem to orarine inode to stave of Trssment byw enorcement pce (Chena 968) Ia amy 969, ‘no people epeenting me tree ined tater, swells roduers tl itrbuors, met in Kansas ly to form anal lm rade association. Chem was cle president fhe oracizato, ntl called he Alt ‘Motion Pte Asotin of Americ, oon ange othe Adult Fm A= sociation of America (ns). The ars st onder of basins was fo put ‘ogee Ig prepared by Las Angles stoney Stale Fishman forthe defense of maton picts (Byron 1968, 2; Set Up New Tale? 1969,1.95Sexptnion Pimmaker” 1969, 8) But wihins ear hee tation peducers and exhibitors who made wp the aaa faced pesure ‘ot onl fm law enfercement but lo fom the maize indus in ‘her of Jack Vlentand the ras Beeuse ofthe ina 5mm sep: ‘ation ad made into major chang, he naa stated sampagno dse {heater owners fom showing sexplttion fms in 1570, Yale began « ‘edt gaat exits fee Sims ering that hey would “cg the net for quality ls and went fr aso sugges tat eventually “0 ‘exponule rode wil ad athesterto exis produc” (Valeri on "esol Campi 1970.4, At the same ime the a ws concerned about the 6 mim operators it teferred toast het ati” who ment"oo "and were ving the ex ‘Pltation ndastry abd ae Adult Film Group 197,19) In November apo. withthe lssing of they coun, the New Yc Cty palice Depa {adn on orf heaters showing hard oe. The Pare and the Capron Sewn enue andthe Avon 7 Fgh Aree ad peakers ‘ipped om waland print and projector cance (Crackdown under Way 19704 Ver 97088), Some speed stoic were bop citer oRighen exhibitors away fr showing hardcore fis oro pat ‘he avers ang rae tthe test (er yo 8) they suceeded inightening anyone twas ara members Members zed tht posec thn 16 rm ln exitor cold expand to 35mm septation. Eby The producer and datos ao ound ther and beg for bythe cxpliciner of x6 mm i they log with eribitore whole ng eave Su ls, feed thatthe peter roves were cating tee sine 2 few onal themes wth the bebet hts septation producer) dtribuor lee Hemel sid. “sences artigo ting bodies and are ‘demanding stoyines and character interest log wt the sagt sex He ote as go sg rhe seston usineshat ve ies described ‘shard cove had droped pices om soa ('Cambit's Hesse 197% Ofcourse Hessel sero thinkthar the audience wih yen er sory Rowan character interest would nd te waybaceo exploitation lms He teroked tht simon etree had thoe elements to varying dees td that by spy changing camers angles or ling some met shots 8 ‘multi fl could Become ard owe the omnes making 35 enpltaion, sch x Donn Greer’ Nec, jmped on the x6 mm bande Aran becasve ofbeter profit aie (Malone 1975) When x6 mm thes finial etues wee shown in pb lal, coals and churches hey ad Teenscenata thes oceiinnthe mainstem industry (Shyer) Rothe rae pavern was epictd in theadalt masher. The aaa til dicted tei objetonon6 mathe storefront theses thems witha that the sal tes were at abject othe repuations ang post places f public acembly and ha some were fire taprand uae ‘cbion without euied fies demanded of theaters” Cara: Dae fer 197o.4) The, atametingin New Yorkin October 970, toga: tion debated the sss 16m hardcore preducers win he opie tion Wing in Vary, Aion Ver td that the discussion showed Tow money woes can quiche eabishment Figures out omer ‘ele and bow pines alo en's existence an be bet 1 rote rs ankol”(Vril pyc He described how 16 rm ls could be fade quickly an cheaply puting thers bead ofthe 35 tm prods ‘esl an you top thi game” Argmets weep forth ht x6 prodcer shoul ot be inched inthe npn bec 16 mm Wak onthe gauge or because heir product was “operating oie the fawn tough that ution wa il eng argued inthe cours: Many herbers ofthe ara found hence ian uatnable position: While trying tt feed of these opt ther business, they would at theme tine cts censors themscie and fee the 16 mm pepe out the une” (Versi 197018) Byte end ofthe meeting the gion Inet to eairm ts pen adaion ply COMTine NY" 15705} But the iaue di not deappen, nd inet it was exerted 8 197 turned nto 197 With more splataton ns sch Ven and Wathoat Stich achieving ong, pre runs in. sor ning, sre sexton Truss found tice“ be etme ehenpack exper ht have tot ben booked by predic chor mje house” and 6 mm fare COM: ‘Time NY. 1970 sin the face ofthe 35mm sexplation shortage, and ‘more 16mm ete became salable inhang hard cone ies sch5 Caught nt Cam 1970) The Caming Thing i. David Reber 1970. owl of Lv (eS Ki, 1970), The Nurs i Tery Sl), and The Scho Gi. David Reber 107th cole ogo hee wat becoming aneasierene. oan of Mar jon emai hat ny 35mm exhib tors were augmeating the stations with 1 mm cuits and hata tof 35mm ers have rune inthe projcorsand caer com eely 16 mm. So, with mere and more cern, the 6 mn Feature Isa rowing mathe” (Rhye 167,96). ‘The ction between the 3mm stabar nd the 1 im newcomers e- merged atthe hid alan meeting in Lae Angeles ay 197 The “peneraton gp" between the sexton prodcersndthefere ‘inary 6 mm flmmabers became obvious to Kein Thomas wring fot "he Lae Ages Time (nthe one hand there at the oldtine septation produces who fm ns mm and dow’ goal the way" bu euey equate sex and mudly with lence and maby on th sree anid in th a On the other and sa group of yourge lemakers, working primarily in an Fran cisco and in x6 mm, who ae dds ool expliines ad ater to presen it aint (Prt tran producer lait het ‘nly guns 16 mm upstart cna they ning bs busines San Franco, 35 mm production tat once might mike tx mach 2+ 120,000 in reo months est even gta booking ther 97) Lowel Picket accuse the seyplataonprodscers of equating sex with vislence and of being gully fd He ied thal he ram prodacers were delivering “the goede: "Were aac the under jos—cauples ‘nd your aulenceispeting ld nd dying off Our aden don want 0 se people being punished na Next camp” he ad mort iy refering to Olmpc tensions Le Camp 7. R 1 Fos, 1968) By focus Ingen generational conf, Picket mined the dacoure of thecoutecu ture elucidate the diferences etween 16 mm and mm lms Some produces expressed ence tt 6 ma Smaker engaged in “Bagrant shusesof the feedom of expression but ay Fneerg he Psyeat chain ‘reasoned tht "we cannot ay what we doi all sight nd in good ate nd what te hardcore guy does st. We pejuicng ve belne he cos {ot gin Thomat 19711.) Throughout the dessin, the exp: ‘on oli gud posed dese am pada athe mot probemat, ot the white cater othe pos documenta hat conned haore ‘eenes but were usally isthe 5 mand may have lye in hie ‘om hater twa clear within then hat by crossing the harcore line. 16mm Bis were desing snction and change at ht 9 rer vial, the 35mm explain producers woul have to crow the ie as swell Wile some ofthe major harcore producer, notably the Machel Iker ane fom te rinksof nm podctionsemetation saat, suchas Asduboo. Distr. apd Mitam, wee psd into making the sich hard core According o Dai cde. percent athe arin smerbership wat making ard ear by 19746998) Inbiassesment ofthe pr nds othe Commision on Obscenity fd Fonogrpy, joa Sage wc, By the He ths spect ie Hehe its ponnble tht 6 mm het wi have erred mote pr tantriein the overall atc ef sexual oeted Hs” 97. $7-They be ‘ame i ct para adie. The ited pal neces 1 rodace nde 6 am Sse that entrepreneurs wre wing kes othe iti thal sowing genital explcitnes oul bing about exchange for potently large retrace muller produces and exhibitor ao rode the crest of he iberatory sete of the ex ev: Jon and of changing flmiaking practic s exemple by experi: {al laters calege faites, and other wer of 6 mm, Not only ‘nee thes 16 mm movies more daring than sexpoitation nd sistem moves pushing de compestinsxpataton monet become ore rapic—but those who hd proce beer loops and were ng or with 16 mm carers were i ar Fret exe the rae tie dementia esplttion ms The ange fost rersitted material that cold ink the snes of sexual spect in ogi shin. Narang filed the ina that elered ex a pote fr arition at hence could dr repeatcaromers, inching the rave couples mar etemegig fiom eplatation. Moreertareatie eed to eimize harris by ermitingcatorstomaunt argumetatht harcore ‘id ot appl salto prurient interest at eau have artistic menos ‘ealimportance. Dest fas ht hardcore esta oui bot eed eraothip any ofthe etal emploaton proces raed Ino har-core Feats jst many 16 mm producers fled oe profes Sonal mm age. “The aul film industry has fen been acterize as « movie, ‘mull. or tillon, depending om the decade dle inary that moves wth the steady, rife flow of gai. But jst ak we have cme to ne the mainstream Hollywoedfilmaking ndty ax pam ad ‘made up of deren and fen coming) interes, the Frgangaccountshoud point ote necesito concepts he or industry More ‘rt nthe ite 960% andes 19705 the dat fil industry did test {na ca, Hollywond war being nfsnce by. slice, the pe- dees and extn of explain ln, and they, nt, were jockey ing or poston the teargent manufrs of mes harcore films Finally, the bore account should help or ecogrize thatthe hard-core fe ture developed a ation to conditions neal Sm markt “nition o moe cious ail condos. The hard-core etre Was et tainly not peter end "The hard coe mart fate thrived ntl ew changes the alt nate each note real point inthe mid when the inode tion video sified the viewing spc rom the hetero the ome. This ‘ew set of conditions and piers of viewing practice conibte the decreased emphasis on nara andthe return os pe-golen age em Darron pare exal pectade vee ‘My hk Lids Willa fr commento he oper Ths bo ‘avd odo ling wih She aa and he ei, othe ‘ttt yao ser ton Libya do Me Vey ed Un Pets Someng Weed Vier acs ame ft waters (Sed in ae prpesin of hs ote Aas my bre et Ete Joon shige endo lige nding 1 Spt ered ses of pend ia AtonBesamay fered 1 etre apa fhe get mip by pra The on apne le fra sl tro 2 Whe he tener nd pon caret ve been ipetan opr te adhe tees i conng cei ee (ch nn ene 4 th Sher Har a re cpg oom a my pol ‘hou ir be ae on the isay he om told et ome & ‘cma pinay pent prods spa of hep st) ‘eran cope empratin f geee rte he ar ‘veh om gating epeti Tuan ed 2onae {chapter on 16 a aca tres, tog ty dt cout the rm lta he choca tat ei elo the ad ‘eee Meron, th lot cash a atin etre (ert ep inh deo, a otid Nlow. 0y ce, bt te “Tuna an Willa bot ere wef haw fe ‘sowie his acoumial emery 14 Mie Wald Peng Cones in Lot Ane Ag 998 te A scone nen, ye pins om se po Tran se fallen oi scr none ing the ine ‘Syn when Dey Tet ween the pit wen ice em atthe din Sri ha oe int ison Nes peredng me oft comenpont score aeathe Hal Se stl ye, a i ch Vrnn Hat ind Pe Teta ag eer ated ft uy pth Ire drting che. ph rr oven an hy a Tete etn he yor er nee tung ps Seas lay 999) 5 Une 3 i 6m er olde escaped pan wl Ieepin poy era tin a Takin he sft, sm Sa tre wp in rand gabe tinge. lox Anse and, eum, otros (Stent ‘Boum 17 a6, te Fares toe Hon Cine ar, on ght Set ‘nce Norn od Wet, flees gees. 24 me Changes [fa te an a rd threat with ph gh ibe “pe ner fr. youre served ery ney a mao own (lies en ay cr ce sad ies sae it yea wan an ee A ames to Hane a 1969) ener es ened entra ey er proses athe ferns contd pte hi dnt a places amuse “Gey begun eeu et andi he es anta teal gp arp” en ethno tees Io gtr pt tnd Pak Ciena New ks Pk Milt a trois Weigh 9p 259-73 | Wie cone ich Man an (ch Mat Cine 16) Hed Sh > tm cir yeh nd Hac eal (70 genera cd a ale Pion inthe dren he oe ee Ts spon es tom ct at hy cde sens elie and ee feel hnbecanf anda cgay «feet ee Thre ao crete tiny betwen he White cone| {echo pan andthe one ocr t eld deep. = [ature mt fn lenin tm hw arg ees. 7 atc wre lego ther Teale he mois dan cy Ache whe pl a ly ate in tal rack (ite poo Aug may fhe fs ogra in oe te he Ter oir short ini tering wang om nich cet bse ‘rogues Tis aloe te ng extent he sald rm dimene hs Pry aa A wc Aes ten. 97 onto neo ith San Fun on xteprenshe Mich Bhneti, ded are rapt te lose tt Shwe the et Hews eneting erring ke on etn tate wend" outer is duende orm ‘raat orm 98 hody mas te cetyl Raed heat ine theyre pets propedal ‘ei hk yb in ech Ys know tinge Peon maing bleacher elt Tough te esting eer art, he Mc da he timer neie ath mtn othe predate there Els (Tic hang es Mrs) + Ulm he ce eid Ma a he pic ad ren yi ae 1 Raison er eel tr cde 5 eum a Sa ht py 14 See i te er nde fl ot ple oad lesa eal 96196, 5459) Buby ee os the ats and ‘ar of 6 mm Sn a ped ip ented, lrg he ho Sp he oy re Teter Sn Fcc feed oa ad the ‘sexo bes ound rate Spin 9) oe sear nnn in oo ny het nk fn wa en pi hp ‘Shether mech carton ™ a 15 Forkum Fanci Paina wt" ing {i mare rts nt edt he rae ea Inger" euro a tee om cing oe {ine and ain Thies Sow ih wp or ay a cy” {Peas 70) uch opr tanning at ‘pent Inmagine Rey ‘ghar marth ner nl "Tsp eRe ‘rb Ad Fin indy” Te ary Vg 9, 16 fang ct eng tren gd ee Pa ‘mets Fm Prone ens Beyond Parr Ppl Chey FredutnsCnen, Cl Caer Ps Dag Fs Do fr lesan Rtn Cri npr Ae Price J Po tos hs eaten Pts Jp rtm Peal in Sms in Top PredconssnXee tr f ins tnduted Ale, Cajon Drag Campy, Dean ers Dating {i pj lerner, aotearoa i Sey Sher wich ea inary er. ‘ie nd ral eed hie ad yee es, py fn ‘sy Than red emer he sometang We Vise, ‘Sentra coe, nd Te an Ca 979) 7 Mut aps y dC Mn Arg Me aetna yates tet tn ei ‘Gaereen at tid ote 7 5 neo ey wad coud ome twee yt te eit naing en note wnnteetinetn ety Ferree cts ante tence tinal re {2 Ten? eevee Goa 6m eto ede ck watet they Wore Cod “ha Pe Grew Moen Huson” lb a aay angie Set Standard Ob 9 Inenen i a Aap 4 yi The hrc itt Calg of ue ls, 196-970. 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File Si Hing of Ama Fi, ‘orig nds est Pre Video Pomograpty, Vieusl Pleasure, - andthe Return of the Subime 2 tnpmstnader tery pornoprpticvienership har emengaacental _eategoy providing the model fora new historical speci construction of ‘lessre oe at spur vsulandgvenoverentzelytotheconsumption ‘commodity images Hwee. peisely because i realizes pose ‘slog poeogrpic viewership also bays pstnodernsretest aie atest acral pint of aman, mare the piacere ‘ofthe ay the simaral Tisambiraence under tework of Freie Tameson, who cons the vs a“sentaly pormopraple. which 10 “ay tht thar india ape. minds Enation” (meson 992, a ‘temerges more deamatialy (and ambiguus) inthe etal work fa Sauder, which pes the poroogapic te charcter of omc > sembling 2 posed epistemology. In Smal, finance the ‘ement of he elunfed a an lego ooking eh the yp “noi dnplay of repented bie “Lie the tin ser nad pte ‘the chara reality of thei bodies is erased by the eserblance How ti ‘st your ecrses in oe. when ber best it smeedatelydapatd by the other? The repr can goon frm one ote othe: al vision islocke Anko thi comin going” (sudrilrd 298,14) For Balad thie‘aly fntonsastantacingicon prose wha aig nt fr reikig prep vewei by neingpermogrpy a fee who sere pds mich on eco epic ton a on ema pect made vile, Rate hn tly ing Sod’ dim the ream he weal apt ag at its repo mu) pers rome nh dry eer ‘in fh que prety by questioning he cpr eo “pean vistors Coney mated ihe sepaductin onoonmpton eine taiiked pecemer no ear ordinate tian Wl sage Ten ‘nan elo cumin vl forme ony oon leon ok Yostnaernisn's ees ast i al competetion of ‘ily seul ommody an tcc gin ylang re ‘cote cc nedating choi we pron ma eae Cente a he images ecient nmi. ores Inthe walt the vexohten, icf ene fit pay mem af moviginage pornography, hal ulin wees eke Snide lower proc cna bed teotn poi h leh nctensngy choc poppy ay mot 1 pom we ped dey on Tt ona sheesh gg ma ay fori add saggy, te cen ofthe ec ve ih Ge forma ato score hn to pec fervent cto, ad ent ral tus st fom he ene conscn and anuisnofbdy ae Sey ‘ates his mana deg operon betwee he lage ad mode of epodiction the" bf edna igh! find pia enabtgindacng des porogrpy Er insrii ingparicla ropes oferta peta ue one theft of he images peti adie orev (986198) The na ‘el spec of parte eclosion to Conon of esc vn tashsiiledomogeneun pong. trio of esecreal catgut geht ‘Spring et With evsen nid er to Raid whose alegay alse lintaion frag the ntact of vee and swe. ‘etn nt, ea map i te atoms bemen ey ‘mer andconmatyonos ere ste dro sno ‘ingot bed ole bo Ie pune serie tart as opel allting oo, we dacovera structure of vison prediael on sects female lis paying themschesforconumption shameless tlleringep ht eth the ke, Yet he vey srr empha tthe bert, rece the vowing subjects engaecient oan sbi, Almost subject looking, This theoretic (herr facement the viewing eabject cones crucial move at vy apres the ge ti ming iris defen peace Os Seg nny esy.1Want scrutinize his theta move andthe model fsion pesuppone| in onder to act te stractrl ules whe imstaneotnlyacknowieng mietone, which remain nextcbly Tied to ingeing sateen but the ane produced as euch? imately, {want ocomend that wil this adel of rion, type of dserbodid ing, count fr Gepeodction ran ntegral component of ear ‘irl pornography falta adden the fect ofs pene so deeply treed in moving the news body Fr me, he comple elation heen pornography veo tchncogy dvs pleat necessary nfl bath Inthe Buda fameserion strocares of feproduction, wal ant what Jonatha Crary all the eal density fist 998) For preciely ‘the moment where the vile cote an extension of the phys ‘ne can gino concep how avewer expences ideo prography ‘2 meitel image of undenable nmin yal arms te recent excep of progr aed Higher Wash Wet, 2900) and Sock ie Michael Nin, 1998) ‘atch in thee ditt ways sultaneot teed and redefine te bund Aes of the goate by maximising the reprecettonsl poarbiten pee sented by the aaa technology Iwan ses. homer that these irre ceptions nly nara hey ect Wate on the el ‘onship between steer ecology sel ems aney nthe naratiet nd seal number Uma, ao want read these works 5 pie In that they make isle the sacar and mechanism ideo porn. apy a «gente? tn ele, both of these vides flr revlon of te eared what Cael ell "acknowledgerent” ofthe mate co ‘ion determining the ery format of he emsly expt. Tus, despite ‘eng produced fo tint markets gay and taht, badly speaking thee videos ly to erable dope on he mae frm tute convey Bol pleasure By this mean thatthe techniques ized to eit ‘eee did sht nd scenes bea a tal tothe constuction of area the seal een tac” Ath the vit fhe process of representation sess the get’ ative commen of eral plesre would pase a thi pint and question i ded, th at of po- ‘ction xsl determines the viewer’ visual experience: does it pint tothe prodacion a semally—opersting tous the visul—mhichis ny an entnsion of the impersonal cing fhe machine Fan we teimagine the vewe saci aan encounter wi the vlupaousnes of the image? Here the video's form prover mst reall, forthe relesve ackow ejgment ode’ des toi viewer sree he npetance of nem baled experience hat encompasses wo types of laure: possi he imap aking mere y the mag: One ode of tewing—3 diver ied guing predicated on consumpion/inal poseson'—must be sen 2 operating in conjunction wth corporeal vison, which accounts or the plsste of pornography posal eles on eBay. this ay ‘rene comes fo complement the fit of production, and pornographic ‘ewerhipunfldsn the vacation between wo Seeminy ppoed les, Producing vial plearone hat emerges fancton ofboth mater po- ‘ucsion an pyr camumption. Therein between these model of vison lnembdedembadid) then, apres thecompleiyofan embod ied viewers encounter with histrcly rece mode of (producto. Ifthe meeting ofthe viewer with video tshnolgycontiites a moment tthe, adeillad would have son x seduced bythe indistinguish {Dili of mac prodced image, ten iano a moment when visirs expos touches the very mode of e)reducton This touching the ‘counter wth the ings ow acti. al reveal the very merit of reproduction, which hve videos (nd, wo itl are the genre 2s whole step op of he ign of sie pesure. The moving tthe corporeal viewer, the, embed by 3B wi the its of ‘ecology whose conmasons cme to sigal oth the tres of eal [Beasre andthe inpossbly of representation. “The narrate of Nad Highmy explores the ways a which pomography and ote commodity or shape (ad intrude on) our Fai, fer ing themstes a vebices, perhaps even subsites frou ttc invest ‘ment, The provcatie opening number foegrounds hs elation between ‘an prction nd peeonal lar by ply acknowledging porog ‘apy’ inadvertent encoding ofthe get's “plates in cata conve: tions of prodection: bad acting logue, sete, and soon 2 wel ‘couse, ts medham: the eve present video case, The construction of ‘the ening en mamber suggests that this encoing abo operate for lly and ere we can ident the wrpiing) wie mprint of ideo (os {vein hal inthe representation orem pleasure The scene teins wheat protagenet Calor, resis mysteries package fom the bartender the lear, whereas ben wallowingin sity since tislaver departed for Los Angles in pursuit of “im eet” "You know nando movies a's making the barendeindignamly ser ity, cogrphic move!” The package reveal an unmarked video tp, whi ‘Seuss Colorado tke into te ven Andie enough the video sad tov xe Topping fring his sage! over inthe sacing le “ys consiouly playing with he fare mytoloy othe poo str, sh aratve incorporates the bn techaolopes of vex nthe ‘eral bers ine consponents: The sequence opens witha ein Jong sot ofthe room lhminsted bythe blue ight ofthe television ne fort which Cabrado iets th ideo ape. Much hike a slfenive moment in eves o eighties Sl pornogaphy. hs sone nes the {mater cntions secs fr viewing, no oni ers of echnolx fdr but als of avewing space’ The sit frm de teser othe ling oor woul argue healer natclythelook nd feel ofthe prot uk Alb the viewer's reason ad experienc ofthe image. Te sx nam ters structure the viewer watches Colrado watching the diy mone Fim this redcinion with te two modes of reprereting wnt acon, eich conve two tin vil rebstions The fst—te viewer watching (aloo matching render the sn in chose ps ofthe elevision seen whose textures enhanced by donble medion 1 the second—wak ‘Colores aching presets the ow dg pero, Bam Ting with ‘atthe ition layro meat, a the viewer were occupying Cals fais potion. Aste mute intereats between these visa relations {clot ofCelaado watching close-ups of the sren, nd os-upt the ation, it foregone the wo fea points of ert imverment fr ‘Colorade an the viewer the peomers Dis andthe television sree. “These focal point ae ot nv ut also tate, since inthe intra ting thy ae diferente Is thr conten (hich remains he sme) thanby hc reepeciveestures: thereof the bodies andthe enkanced texto the eleision sre ( ) By aul distinguishing these 0 teaions by staposing edi etre. the ding begin the prety of content over th diam in dfnng the plese viewing eo poser: ‘Theva betwen the corporeal andthe technologie ued‘hese sting etre revel the eroicraton a medion. a rces that \spartandprceloftheacofnaing vile the seu spetace oaviewer. “The prominence ofthe reprodctive apart at “pyc presee uring he viewer contac the inetion ofthe eo cee the opera tion ofthe emote conte) pintst another eal spent itera ‘cecurtng othe vial regi: the consumpion of vieopoograplhy at ‘ommodiy. The rela constuction ofthe see that cheer partic lar frm of desi which orography presents elf os orgy te viewer Arcrident inthe sep of Clorad watching deo within te video, this adres invites anor produce an ert mete that neces ofthe performing bodies, bit ht abo le sy provisional, opal upon these bodes! The retin of the image’ connie ‘ure sugges thr the ewer pec nterwines with reprodac iyo more special that repro operates atone ofthe dominant ig of lear inthe gene Ui) Thefts of podcton fil carers gone sy the necessary tecnsogy ve andthe at of viewing contract tnd onsite pease reduce oa singe, vie bod part Naked Highey Stages, woul ree the Fra operation fideo pr ograpy: the manner in whch mechani reprodsction Become next ‘able fom te performing bole in the memento ply inthis lation beeen conten and format that we abn to sec how the gents language ible pear conics roto ofthe "semal” Michal Nin'sremalabe Shc provides note ie eample since, many ‘ays an ater to broaden the posites of igh aight pornog. "apy prodset onthe indsty’sequalent of Cel 8 Dele ale Simcturally and thematal, Shock preoeupies sel withthe peristent problem of representing snd comeylg er though seemingly costing technlogial avenes na eft 0 coney seal esiy, Sock exper ments not only wih exsangant content deals ike cntames and ie setne bt more acaly wth the ery working ofthe veo mem: ike Nall Higa, Sha Figures th performer oily plane trough is ting, shifting beweon dierent angles and seme, cresting apd suc ‘cession of image fend temporality of simultane hats becmne ‘the ery organizational penne of ido She opens with an esbrate munber moving sm sono le sda Marlyn Monroe impersonator, neatly lusting the peering of commodity eas heternem porn Fig 4 The ene begins witha ‘medium shot of Marin mastaraing with oracent dd, spectacle {Lit om aia mn som hs cee tas ‘unten Cat i tt me ne a, entre ix thse spar oD aes4 Matin noms Conmose a me aoecey | These paca ecco arog cooeying the female performer peste in the vies contrast betwen ‘hebeigity clred pest snd ber Backand-whit skin." Thie dishes intoarediumshotofntercoure withthe mysterious nan called “ey «stishing the fran poe of sent umber compoed of aying sles genital activity interewith lave apf aces fc er math ter acxscene (ith diferent actor incl, and tlle of Maryn posing Like te vcilion Between sacs in Naked Higa, the “al ofthe sexual spectacle seems ely les on ini aoe aon thee mnie scenions structural petition at cate the Bion of immedi, but ial the ve ace of mediation. ‘A simpli tha, Shoat tempt comey badly plex sev Toa certain degre, he representational problem pesca esa pongraphy as earned in aparing and conveying bodily txperence. What interesting about certain moments of Shek such 29 this sen. statin the quest "sible rok teense othe ene subeures the dpa of Dodie 20h the imprints of cme ‘io an epoca come he dominant signs of sevul pleasure its the vides plosnese product ts, coma, robe ight) the pero: ‘mmnce the aif textures, th tres ofthe representational mechaiss themsces, which emerge athe tof seat in the scene ‘Wecan x the construction of thitrth more clea wen we ake itd count poopy drive facie mai isi i os ‘year thigh he enone of bodies The yao hssene fom ‘Shek compromises he cnn tween tetra of plese al the vit of Boies, the ye tel ses for maxim visit. This eames evident any nthe ese intercting but in sal dtl suchas the strobes backing genta cose-ops both ighlghte nd ob eure by the pulsing Bash of igo the emer wok sell which tttimes sem conve wth (perhaps een ssed ol he peo ening in othing ut abated ne ment Pel these ments fara.» sift occurs in he oraization of pornography truth~ash tht does act cat previous conventions ieforming bodes ses ber) bt that contre them accordingto ne: historical spe ‘liemettode of eprom whose language comes stan fo the bady Inecsay. ‘We mus understand this econfguation of plenure in elation ide0 asa medium, whoee operation. as Nad Highy suggest ieinatly Connected othe technology of slevison Whe eevsion ad video an mak interchanges, {woud argue tht theater nbeitsits semantic sna ture fom the ferme hone own lnguge tht of ine commercliznd Ahrough segmentation, meson charters e's setts particule mode of eanging and conveying information, ahd empoaiy “Acne rato of elements such tat they change lace tery: ment with there tht no single lement can occupy te postion af re eimary sg or any length ie bt mst be deed na the flowing insta’ he Sic terioolog) af ames! and hot! does et scem appropriate fer ths kind of sacrsion” (1999, 90) hough this overeat eons stracturally with montage a we know tin Se res anevada beaut ideo undermines the constuction of eeing firm chews hugh bot tention He post the "eae leo rotation of eens av an alternate gl one that wean act the deylpment of television a commer vei" This eng is videos ‘ptr signature inherited (in prt) re te edie technol Dredeceno, eleva both se, the editing ncions bth asa break ‘etween independent uns anda ature etme then ke in i.‘helo sequence betwen nil unis const ony in their ‘ment ina sequence: no “unin geal sense ex erence cme ‘ls are similar only inform tothe peograne thy nterap ( Wlams 1975,771 While this es nt Freee the polity of marae unity ‘ceision cr ideo ince they hve broly produced many succes ee ‘simple it does mean thatthe syata fhe medi construct aac wy in diferent way. more preity tht we exit ogi i fern the tine temporality of cm consumption ‘The vey yt of Shak hs moe ado wih ie fanction com ‘meri ther than a manathe meds" Whe the twe eran ook ‘remain mul exchase,onedes have party over the ote. would ‘8m contracting a visa log locating pleasure in the onrsons ‘ot ofthe by, but of the machine" This consing thi “tah key Iecase tite 2 specific mode of loking, oe defined bythe constant shifting of diferent, simaneous angles ofvsonitisbakng peated ‘onteseming mma of mater hg ashing beer the viewer a4 series wembling sultans. By ean visu plearure ine modes ‘of te)podaction tes wck maybe sen ollpxing vena! vewing ‘commit consumption int ane efit tity that has at si ‘he visual poneain fst on dpa, Video pornography hus, nde meaty the etgumentsof feo and Badellard who see the viewer's pending calle int late. isms ecoomy of ommodiy images eased by the sarees eo Jing of mode of production. Formal, Sha snd Nake High in hee _pecfeways, evoke Ralliart of eatin of hedipaceet ofmndane realy by ookingcanght pin “hind of Whe eal or ef ‘aesthetics of he hypeneal tl ofertigns and phony extn thf aiecation and of magicatin, of dstorton nscale exec eanspurency. alta ine" (98, mph sed) Smarty ‘ney here, forthe sacral smentiion of eleion atest tempor! fw: thereby producing an almost ce mmedincy by erestinga sequence of ines, each of which occupy an urgent Now on oly hast tha of ‘he movement betwen commer ee hs) This Now and tpi mode of aldess—the thing offering tel for val consumption canbe sen a8 ving to mal a particular typeof wing ebjec one who be ‘comer anetesion of the material si ofthe medi, econ neo lated vias rer own pleasure nto the ated emporio ide. We ‘ay read he visual aesthetic of Shaka Malad High as working ‘oad the pening coliape of he digital and the tact int single eviece tha ageing confor Randi ulmate pogo othe fotrder: “tiie the medm te wry se of montage of de> oupgrointerpeltion,selictaton, summation by he medhum which ent e proces of meaning" (98313 ‘And yet, let us look clove a the inl structralpresuppestions of this conclusion, privy the merging of consumption and podction allewing or the ems control the paces of meaning For Bel Tad (and alo fer ameson, hcp ocurs sgh the tail, which places the visual asthe ngniing principle of experience i the apy tamed “er of cae communieion” rc herein efit oh ethan tevin nie sae The dng rr on reecion sv poste be tach en steer enlarge ihe weer tn Sp cone of cpt i i pe hat tors he egy of ner fom beth lf tart atone ee Secor mange! etc olen, tet Sulla! 98) a capers) aon opr in saci te prvepe arn of ey. urns pees on th dtc betes ject nd eject ae led gue tf hcl tance nv he ice donc fies: mesnge tamer matmge,merng becomes ton Tat Teepe sone viene per ere ote eae ee Shhh cei erty tml at esi lum cn ff ea epenence The Marj impenao Canetti eine ach san needing seen ety ately oe eat anes ‘ttl gs) The comely of Masa te ey me ht eas meget masse” se er uc ty tsi s dee boty at deat the diction wee th tinal ond hace -betwecntve tna what ef Toahngel ‘Map ran obo de fol tempor hens tenth oer vcets tesco pacino {lth ge Clr tinge sve 3 Whale ‘vers bo ht ga hrc othe iro te ‘ith jot he og of man yoda it meni fhe fom the va eney epee iy iy ple in decane eng areca eo, neon chet‘oud description of the abortion of the bet the “specate") imo the ndings ofthe mse produced ‘he machine om both side, then the machine a sujet and objet alike nd idee the machin ofthe potographic parts peer Ing cos ike gun bare the subject whone yi camped into is mechan cerelative in same appa of eistationteceptin ‘The helps spectates of video time re then a immobilized and me ‘anil integated ad neutralized a the ee potographic bjs, ‘who became feratime, pt the techelogy of the medium, ares 1999.79) {ke Wadia, meson repeal tur to the top of epson ton, nae by the oss fret distance oght about bythe bodys ‘suscep the sulted perceptions produce ty the machine ‘eres not paradoxical), whe thi pase ticles person Alzation asthe machine’ wile eft on the viewing bd, Janesans thet (f somewhat paramo) thetic Betys an underying aety oncring notte entrant but he ying the body. enphasze ding rr hllessness case, Haid more ce suggest the Seay figured a bays to bme dere in collusion wth the machine the ‘boy provides an aj the very materi of which llows os mai zation. in these accounts, the boy emer a someting of lability as ‘all too cay surrenders tothe fle senstons produced by mechanised spectacle We reo eat hypnotized bythe uneanny, double beauty of those tin ster” ‘Unmet thik the ype of vewership informed by these presppo: sons must be revised fr at st supplemented) beat tol pataly count fr he pleasures of comma, aig a it dso acknowledge that the seduction by the mast. poduced ents not only possessing bt ho being posse, Ise eision beeuse think the models pore ‘crucial istoral/matevl speci that mst be accounted fa nay ‘onstruction of ial pleasure: However 1nd th ccm mbigiie shout the bay ands elation to ecologies rahe iting in dscusing ‘deo pornography as gene vested in moving the ewes. As we ave seen in these accounts, corporeal iat bs agli participant {nthe ac flokng in fa a tines the bay ede to something a sacral weknes compromising the viewing rbjectefletve" i "ance: My anus of thee Vos which seemingly rset pedaction ‘ste truth f sexual please efctconaitntesan tempt caplet fecdence and visit in pornography. we fal 1 engi tht the ln rosa in, producti of new Kindo ero plentde “This eric leniency bf odfntion. One of he re mar interest of ths xy eit te pleases ooking at the Tice askin ovis prtgrapy, Lm omsredo ee the ner segs of the subj the fc often cei elections on ln amd (er il mdi, gran nsrament of mediated aces to psyehalogeal Interoy The rtonship between pair an porn prove partie lily comping sth adore re ited in ccesing the en tah ‘ole suet. ale tough diferent isl means. Pornography rally Fedeines te reation ofthe face to nteroy it nterpelate the ce nak ts prot ofthe sol ut prot ofthe pleasures ofthe boy. Baha omograpie porta cmplates this ation even further. By aang fhe cen lw or, determining whats eel and Withee sala tempt oar the elstons betwen ial pleasure, pgp and the porta. “Thecrcal ference ren Ble oband mainstream yal aight porngrapy ante ested in what we ak cal he dlleen Tee trailed by ach pode Whereas minatueam porogrphy as tration: “ily ele onal geturesto gal the rmoment of orga theese fice Istrenedas merely one reir of peau in hard cor issn: “The ace other word, rplayed in ation the thobhing genial ed jculating penis ara supplemental marker of ahentcy Intel ‘ee pornogrpiy hat comes afer Alo thecal empress sites then confirms st okiatey he ena jbo poe "One one tery, Blo ok saps geal pot” withthe primace fhe faethe fnlacenscineel them eons ety ofthe fice. In lao ew fet supplemental he genta action it the acon “The Pavetin of Naat Aecoding Feud Despite the ongstanding attic radon of sowing cary in the ee, fom Bern scp of Sint Tee to doses of Jeane Morea i The Ls i, Louis Malle 198), Wars existence on the face Des om prey tn The sys the They of Sey Freud defines p>‘esos ‘sent actities which he) etend nan anatmiasene, ‘vejond the repos ofthe body that are desig fr ser or () linge over he intermediate elation tothe sens ot which shuld ne smal be traversed api on the ath towards the fa ema aim (2000, 16) lw Job doesnot merely extend the val focus of th none {aeons ofthe bay. Infact. the Beni sbatites angel pace Sarthe genital action to which tite refers. The ete films dered > the sgnicane of: mong prt of ta body. asf the fice contained at ay erotic pssbities sth pen aoe pcos the face of 2 pevformer nthe throes f smal etn importat or ethic the ‘con ofthe sexsal number. However. permed hl te img the ‘ace willbe, Freud pus it, evereed pion the path towards then sem sim ‘how jb online but eral pets suckin the perverse spac of ‘ongenital happening The Sm ea reeton onthe missing "ets? ‘the pao penal peneatin According to Linda Willams, he mest Sot consintsthe "gums ag fm hota lone up of penctation tha shows that ard core sea act taking pc” The mest shot ‘sth eqresin of what Freud would al normal, rar thn pervere, sexually: itis prot of the scieverent of ental union, While Feature, Jeng pomograpy since he 19708 has carportd themes sts nly one lb important) nepal the way fo firmer arate prof feu ‘stsfcton (he "money shot" or ejaculating ens rng the ef the stg the meat bo signaled the eit of manta. Historia lw Jos stud sgh eo te transition frm mest to money, rom stg lt to exe ength acre fis. ough the money shot was ot yet 2 popula earnention in pero, lw J's ‘clasion ofthe ight of he penis etal conttes a debra eice to urate th audience, Keeping the penal ofacten when he ile of ‘heim soln imple the en's onc was, indeed sigh of ‘hetimes bute cacy fhe prakenceded isto mecesty. Waugh evokes Washo he coktter” explaining thatthe deter "ed et that served to ure pospecine audiences wth promise or mera ae” (9962.59. Maugh urge vewersto stuste Warhols nok hisrialy tore tallan rain which "the promis ef piston wa routinely deferred an ‘ae ull” for gay porno coneumers accustomed to matching plerure from the perusal of oficillynonrtic artor exer istictons 5-6), Novertles, ove. up of mae ental the Bnd so conspicuously rising in Blow Jo—vwere nt ently bse fom the specu oy pornographic polucton Ahough expla polos meet com pete ys mds andbefeake"Whugh in hisbiok Hand nape, oes tha lic photography dd ake wp the "otc shat ose arcund thethites Whee se apsotsnever became a poplar wih de (ground consumers athe ong eymnctrialcompositons ofthe arouse Sensi they remain in ction apd woul have ben avalable fo tomecre ik Wal witout mc dey (9960.32. Immany ways, aw Js prevetton othe snl show i cose tothe stag tation han tthe pot 970s incarnation of the ene wih wih tre are more fala ke macht te work produced at he Face Blew pb mimics he pit of sg She Sn ent, cl th limited native actin, od lcs the Sensation ofthe star mf ofthe ren?” This boa not reprise ws; techn, the lm dows come Slnost a decade before the onacene explosion of ete length hao fim in the early seein Neverteles, fob cannot be ead as OR plying withthe conventions of sens! presentation nthe stag ler tony is Bow Jb ica ong ae he longest sta Sn, but the abwence any evidence of ental penetration alg iw ob wih eres turn ofthe nab ederpysique oops pope wh uy audiences fo s9go 01970 As Waugh so perepinly ates the bie-baes posing oF these priv pique lop refed the nial trace ain td tee gene"experment by Warhol =a Freud would deem many ofthe pesurs saab ogy aliens theca ses persue, Inbiseat dcassn of isha in he te defines fetishism a tne aes in which the orl ena betes placed by anor which bears some lion it but sentient osere the normal srl sim” (2009, 6) Since Feu conception ofthe ‘oral anual aim sited to genital conta rapt or exces atetion tothose parts oth body hat sup biFrmulaton sine deemed fetverse. Fel writes "The tution eny becomes atoll when the Tonging forthe fetish user beyond the pin of being merely 3 necestaty tontinonstiached othe era object and actualy aes the plc ofthe ‘orm fac- He neve ike ito account the pssty at ecesive foctson mong pcts ofthe body may eelp fom istorii stances in which acco to he genitals i prechdey aw,censorship ot {evil taboos For red perversion is defined any tpe of extension of ‘Maton af eit supplant the pitas ss primary fos. ‘nthe seme, fw Jost nl erent fil bat in sha takes conte pct pererion athe tganizing principle ofits arate andvie srt. We do se sochthing it neo bt tie Wat we ‘expect sc, nor what we deseo. The ln ast deter height of ‘he penis. wellasthe ste ofrapeneaton. nthe aceof genta. then eres acon’ dl spine of ai iy and tempor concidece canbe aligned with Feu theory foci sexi ity: Harare deers the genital event the norm af Sexy iin ame fame tt avout wanecsanylinering one “lean” 2eces ‘fhe by. The spetatr of Bow Jb however, misses not onl the ight ose lena but he epee sarees ft wel Weare noted of ew limaxony ater the ft Straggle a me may to reconstact the mo: ‘ment of ras ts reise ction in tine remains impossible o revere ‘Whezet rh cre etre would provide the audience wah the wel tel wll ty st ha ob cay ffs he patie ag of acigrte Wheres hare porn shows you dk ae ob ony ges =e) Problematic as it may now seem. the perverse clisions of vant de artand pornography in theses ha beg to seem neibleo the ob Sean ca eeerenndinmaeateaipsies pornographic modes of dive wa"an neva consequence of Wath ‘mind 073 40)- Sim, Haberman wate, “The trgecay of Warba fim carer leds inexorably toward porogrphy. whch tack inte arty ‘Gosscaray enjoyed the sectioned existence thas oy” 91). AL (ge papal prenisterec alae Rt nderestimated (Waugh 19965). Hoberman requis some we king. n what nays doce Warbler lend nex toward prog ‘apy and ow i thir” smaneoly ested by Watols at ‘ns? Ble feb hve the epic ile of Waa ey cinema bt the ‘kn sot unique in focaning each on actete bly sty “AL ‘he ume be made lo ob” Koch wre, "Waal wa iad i adel of desire that might have made the mo intrsing pomoraper of ‘he century certainly an anbitonheenterainedandcherlsbed on and seal” (1975. 4)- How erally cn we characterize Warhols "model of de: Stein the cry ks? Kis, Sep. an Bxt—made the same ear as Blow Jobs pare down the al sd nara eld concentrate on ingle ody even” Indeed, many athe ements of eraograpy aad eit |n Wao fit year Fumaking close-up a couples kising (Kis). the ‘oatempation af ade manin bed (Sep) pd the fos ole” a ‘iso the bony a Ora sa constant theme ofthe sents wees Paul ate 098 0 a he oh a if pe Ahr os nted ht "ie po enol estos Wa tern enty nema Secmes sine! propeptide (30) Nil ‘Stoned smh dering nb dco of he ae he {rm tah Sn Francia 36th art wot lay wanted Seaman iat wn pare ing tinge, wy Bod ens tanga lp hen tse (Wa nd ah 98354) Aircrew, aleve ogre ht bad fle te cones coven disco hei amet. 49) focus os gular ody actty thot ari Arupentobemasn an hl epee ME, Tell jerono nd ifr atomic oo ‘prot Wal ti athe han aces oboe st ‘Bruna epee pe Sent Baling (pe 1964) ane ‘arora sping ot einterupe pa an ante fn tale pect cond endre. pic e-pormepeaydc” pot Watascamea en bely sate nora pyc dere ext betwen es favor Wat al ean mete poms: The Ba For wit “Pra tesa int ay al wo inpe hig, {esp gta or cmponent have come prt gunn tron” loca name’ Si of manbesina Tore por ce ts thas oncthing sof oaita ie eet ain ng feel tt (98916) Harb ome Ince aig cen contri prof seal spect ened wle‘Altough bt on he prentn at he pene en safe Wan eee wasn traig ans Faricor|ithatsonetine tt? Sheen "Out scot encons ewer sonnet rained masher 64) ance depen sas opt the lati The pe ub sate td unter are be tepaton of ese ‘cra prtormacs tid wheal ard re ith Fea von ef nate sty. Wei ison ter dt {Cpr ice th seal atin acto compen pati tf tah nly fs eke atu ress each fi de Sov oan ttt nen see niet ee “nyonen parabens nwt segs ‘ete ant mnt etal next th mumber thera. soy mane mow son 40‘When Hoberman waits, “Warhols film cee leas nectar por ography” a be imagines al of Waols component parts comic, together to reform the eal iin that ha come pa Poreanure and Pon: The Eras of Krowioage ‘Rather than “ein preparatory tothe normal serum the plese of Ineingat hc ce ee fo ppl te pital pi asp ogaphy However while his diversion may intial strike the oon-ace fetahizing yeweras ever nd sting Wace state cll te tion 0 he often overlooked erties of he face Ie of reper Blow Jobas the embodiment of the fare of vormaie seal hat Fred serbes, contend tha the i present lle bat aly suger. Kind oferotic presence. Theface tat hasbeen brtited forthe geal ‘Waols mis. deed. endowed Jnatan Fae observes tht “the ro ise enacted bythe tile ad so read the lesrre ofthe low the face" (1996125 As esl the slightest rimaces ofthe face akon bth 2 pornographic and anaesthetic fncnatonsuperinponing he pret (acon the artistic one. Wayne Koestenbaum asttely and egal points futthe ways in which Warols work Yespacts the peop impulse > Ind a achive of ge’ objet” recognising “at each bey neds fo bedocumented,foevery man poses an indvidatingetala pater effec the am asap ofthe wea iceny of the ip (2008 42 ns oun ruraontthecamerntebisy we catchoutehet enrspured bythe onynrsies ofthe nage In his nay out Row Joh, Dg Comp auc or the “ernest” of ‘heflmon the basisofis ea acevale" (996,14). Rather tbanconen- trating on wha the ame leaves oh we do ot ee—Ceimp maka compeling cx fr the "numpracus beauty” ofthe ce that we do oe. ‘imps lose reading of te anonymos peeormers face pays deta a ‘enon othe sable eure cxpeons nd contrtons which we = observer. are priy. He ao sugess that it maybe more wef state Sov Jboatideot te pomographi mong nage wadtion annie the ‘esion of arise poratre 18), Camp insight eanceming the woe Faes of portatre aa md within wich conten Blow ob ie ‘rca. Neveteles Crop here, perhaps uniting asserts the ede 2 igi dichotomy ofeltar produ n which porn and artare erected at mutual ers cateones (wear tsa Bey Jb win the wa ‘ion of portatre, ip impinges der we must wrest it foo the tein of pornography.) Kocrtenbaum compares the face four flat to Maria Falcone en resign Cat Theodor Dreer'1928 lm The Pasion Jamar femarking how bo paca more lel resemble paintings han ims {2001 84). Whi Kosten should verb accsed of mizing the seal dimension of Warhols workin‘, qutetie oppositstrutof is Seductive bingy i would be ay maine ttn in whi tie typeafcomparson cule inthe sacraition of ew athe tha the erotciation of oun of re: Untortnatey cts neste {he dvde between ign nd kw fen ter todo 2 yea the es pnd” jc the sat of high a thus "edeeing i fem he ah | Insp to which it ws relgte. Tome, he opposite wansformation sem ‘more compeling ater han crazing the porographcinaeatempl | lepine toners mare proactive consider he ere which ee enlightened works of s-ale high at prtak of arnraphicimagine tio: Why shuld ne consider the posta the tense salen ‘nacido Falonetsficen Deer sent masterpiece old asp: tutors on Bl Job forces to recognize th ge text may price in ml tilehisoris, gates, and traditions simsaneouay sn calls fot ne fentand fen contradictory codenan practice va presentation ther than dig the story of porn om he istry of pratt mone ‘rdoctve te antape ee tw rations compare ht splay emp to acess the inerioniy of ie subject tough vil reesei andthe powerlesue dynamic, Pore not wou its om il nl yi one mas ony tik of Edouard Maer pining of mpl tintliae ts baring of generic boundaries “Tony Raynsinanenayenied*And'sbanobeeltes Warbaswook to what be cal a erotics of detachment which the perent ement ‘porte pes cont (997,85-87}-Detacenthowewt nay not ‘be the mos aust way to character the effect fthe potato bs servers The tern histories of piting and photography rein be yond the sepeaf this say, bt we can aber that lve-up ofthe act av ben instrumental to oth the tory of enea andthe Wty af ‘lm ery ten neat half century go Béla Bali's Formation of | the lowe il eae the most compeling account of the let that fm poratsave on spars. With havent of the cone ata cinemtictechniqu fil wasable show the spectator the iden ie ile hing" (aie 195, 5) or Uli, closeups af the human face espe lay Mara Fane his most inslstent exape—made for indapens ale ol wih which access peycholoil interior revel ‘ions of wha ise Rappening under the succes of appearance” 3) ‘By fecusingn he human fae and mgatyng targa proper ions, Bliss belved that cinema close peeved ulonsciuselngs oterwise inaccessible For as te dose up ofthe human ace avanced ‘he quest or ura ned tht hi been intel tothe dca scion fhe cine aprtor Bali tee that he cee ap pow sessed thai to dre the meanings bend he inte play of xi ‘atures rendering object" the "os jin ad idvdalef aman manifestations” (60) ‘Through the “microphysignomy" ofthe ce, amplified by the ote up onthe cinema screen ales lime to be ale ase to the btom af ‘he soul by means of rch tiny movements official mises which een ‘he mos ebservant partner Wold eter perce (6) Fr Bais, uncon scious uncontollable witches of he face prov expecially important for regisering what he als"passons" (72) Hewat, "The most ep tempo of puch gs Behind the flaw and cb of emations: bt facil epson ‘analeays rep up wih them, prordng a ath and ineligible expres ‘son fr hem al (72; emphasis ed Bar eines he cse up the -human fice aa kind fsnwiling confession of kere ethers ine ceasble trough lnguge The awe erected proof the nest wotkings ofthe subject According far that which fo “tere? in kngage canbe acl nly through teva consis a ‘hebody—most ota and sigan, inthe twitches of the ce, ses was mat interested i "eran region ofthe face which are sere oot #alundervounar contol andthe expresion of which iit deliber ‘stenorcoscous and may often etry emotions tha conrad the peer ‘expesion appatingon the res the fie" ().Te coe up remores the sk ise xpenson andrea thet the sbject ke preg ‘phy, te close-up i aniated by ade for romledge abou the sje. ‘Wecaa even dete in Blawg (tcl in hepsi we of words sacha lad shed the movement toward what Wil cle the “oof coil coneslonof pleasure hardcore ena ofthe iil that characterizes peregraghy (989, 5). Mov age porn and potatre share an epistemology of he body r+ wilt knowledge ar beth ade ‘ions, the moment of camason sites the ily confesion frat, ocuperating Ara Specs of istanoe, ‘Algores Proximity ‘he peste of watching the fice in leap ae ain othe leases of sratching the boy intra. For Bali the fice becomes ype of pent {pce on which an oer can wits the onfsion of he uth fsb jetty. akhough Balsam hat hi interes inthe ose ees ‘sound whatit ca el about he “sol” of man interestingly, most fi ‘aml are ato menses, bt of more) he employ dine orca metaphors In this way Be projet resembles Warhol Blas tempts tread he coe upepistennogal ins text the cesta ferme ine a ees source of krowlge aout the subject. By ead the acest werea tet. Bales nso take posession” ofthe jets Intend Warhols eat fm express chalenge precisely the bind of oowingtowhich liar spies Lk Blox Wahl nsceshis challenge th body of he eubjecin this cane, the performer: For Wahl owe ter the by i peeenteinordertn refeaccsa the sujet ite ‘While Warhols framing ak the epecitor ots he ace 3 endowed ‘wth genta meaning, th seta ing fhe flo peers thespectaae fiom aking pnsenton ofthe objet throug looking Cen analy hie Phenomenon in gent detail: “Warbats comer apes thi ean the fematn egies bt simalaneot wilt om wand be does this through ple postoning ofthe ight, by che abate ght bulb hang rom the cen just owe ad slight the ef the ce Weannot make se contact 1996 15) athe than viewing the elle of the obscure lighting ind owl Inking neuen, arm des, interpret swith ashy Aree, Benjani emphasis asic essay “The Wek of Aa th Ag of Mechanical Reproduction” Wale Benjamin eines that hve ‘ray Known the "sr "the unique phenomenon distance, howe ter ane the che] may be 68,23), Acoding to Benjamin. the aura tf work oa “wthes inthe age of mechanical reproduction Because ofthe “desc of he contemporary mates to big thing hse spatially nd umanly (23-39) Hewes, “Everyday he urge rows ronger 10 fet ofan object very hse ange by way fs Hees repos tw” (235) Rein lcm oF ura may prove extraordinary wel toads of pornograpy. The history of pon can be described the tory of the aerng toring he objet f ser pleasure cher spatially ‘nds In hie ere, ard cote can be ead ashe most compellingeoticample ofthe contemporary sie wish to bringthe objet of de Sein thio, the body in the vee of eal ect owe in det toachewe acest the ubjet'sinnermont oot ont Pehaps Blow obttempet ett th sapere sentation of emul plese By reinstating the fried sent of ditance- inproity, Boe eb ye us something nore thn soething len ‘than hardcore por Michael © ray he wet that Ware ‘atacked the suraofar” (19801) ad wie thiscim may accurately infra ayo ‘is plnings and sk rene oes ot ee told ire oan aa ‘ois ls By iting the face rom above a Crip ha cberved, Wahl «ass the fc the anonymous man especial the ees—in doepshaow, Ceimp writes.“ theres any Senseo sation a Bw Jo ders, | think, no fom ot seca the sen at—we ely don expect bat from not gt eto se the ma fc” 996, 19) By withing he mcimum viley" he object no lee, Wr horenteduced thea of snl plese tte rage. Not ony id Wr alma the nage af emal penetration unsrsbleo the views he also madethe jet hat tod in subtitrari min served that ay photograph contd teat refer the are tential emansting om 3 human face (2968, 226), Phan Warhals strange primis abletoeaptne ome aco the moaned in ely photography. heightened wih the rysique of x ungrarpable sur? (Shavio 199321) By twanstorming the representation ofthe seal ct limo an ese, shadowy prt. Wacol ofeed his audience the gees the distance fom the objec tht they had et trough he ug a the sac ed image ‘Shot at sound apeed bt projected at sent sped Angel 1994, 9) de rived of he human sounds that ccompany seal ational te ‘important autbenaing please in hard cne poem aed copa ly absent in stag movie How Job aces in making the epost tin of he smal ct stage Slow moan ae he eft ft the viewer fom the bet by redoing the fl faction to terwenly pace In which the cont f motion i uncanny tre. Like ey alent ls, Blow J ranafrma mvernnt it i, contmy ite avers Son ofl nd spurs and presence into sbence, The ep of he fm ‘rps the body on seen eft iti: the ae i ade got bythe ‘how that sutound and he ple ta fal oan hw motion allows the viewer experience distance a ape tne, a temporal di tinction bermeen the wd of the ewer ad he world fhe ge. Blew sos he face in coe ap— bringing abject to he freon ‘pat the sme tine, the fi makes the acto. ad the fice tse seem ft sary, We cannot emake out he face we re esl Starig at we ‘hom ear the ness that the ace ad body emit and the movement of the face appear in modes slow mton a8 hey are happening at reat inane fom us Lato, oreo, Biss ¥ \Whatis the restionasp between aura andthe erotic between tance and ses peau? the perception fur pleasurable furan observer Pe togrpiy? What enon J viewers have when they natch wean hho do thst sensations fer fom tone we experince when Sahin seal eepesentatios more aces ws? es "The mst commonly articulated response watching Blow bibs doc, However, ths cit ether arsparent moa nies aia peo What does ites tobe ore yan image an ar boda ed pla ‘ely exc een? Se Zab! Paterson’ ey in this wm for sore itereting answers to these questions in elton to eyberprn) Dees lob mene audience and, haw? Rex Ree ete aes ten which Warhol Scie xcreen Bw jbat Conia Universitit 196, wort quoting at Teng. He wis, i “The acne st stent daring the Ses few mints ofthe ‘which showed boy face. That'll fst fc. But someting a ‘us happening down ow, out camer range Te salen Te. Some the bgt sing We tall Never Coe "Tha i ep ell hinge at seen, ost of them umpitble Total chan Sal bcke out men one vie a) screamed: "We came fo 03 ow bande stayed to get screne Tomatoes and ogy wer town a the screen: Wath ws whisked away to safety through the aging, Ferg, angry mob and rated o 3 waiting ea. (Qn Bork 1989, 2) Clty this ance had een mowed enzy, nw it meme betel could ot coil heir outbursts Inher ook Exae Seach, Tih Bue wie, “Inded rye ta what suai about the ‘ajurius spec at subsite. njrous km es what constitutes ts injury the sense of tings deste out of cnt” (97,4) ity years aor inital rele Crip war able owt. “These dys, when sy mannovn aw somwesce Andy Washo How oh we have expecatin of ly scing tbe 2etof fla the ln tie ances (ast 966, his wast lays the case. Audiences expected to me the act of lito ad wee often ene ‘aged when the fm die hem ths vison The see of inry of ting serewed"— experienced by histor audiences was ineprble ona the antcption ofthe seal displ Although this Kind acini not ‘hein sgh erin hardcore po" on acelin vl, he spectators! rage very much evdence thet own conti sion Theses e pelence the ck fay el seal cntent in Wal 2 Kind of Jimposible tance Does this mean that the experience wa ot ples thle— tat the jy of alering tthe sen, cling ston ane, nd ineralyenglingthecreor wee noneitent? ‘Inaminterview in 1967, Wathl cued the cect seater shad omaulences They were made to bp the alee get more acute wit themses: Usual when you got the move, ou at m3 fay word butwhen yousce something ta disturbs yeu, you gee morale wih the people nest o you... You coud do mre things matching my moves than wither kinds of mviesyucoldestand dink abe and cough lak away ad then ok bac and thy dsl be ther” in ery 198558 Warhols oberations abut th unas cy of his Fis aiences rove revealing with repartee ano ntersetvty |nhis work Contrary tthe dieiptined. motionless audience we inaety imagine a viewers of Watbas cnems~and o with we, acts, often ‘ng Warhol and Reed describe sn aience very trl nore by the image onscreen. While the ype of aves deri by Wao ing, Anking stoking and ali) clay do not equal the inant moe ‘ment actated by "boy genres een ude lo have the cape ‘move ther audience in ple mys This say about Sat Stak is woe (998) in thi volume, hae Sil args forthe centrality of he boring yn porn. ‘Wheres Sta’ ln foregrounds the laboring ody within the fame he om perf, Warha'cinema oon cal atrton othe baring body {nth aalinnce (he film spect). Albagh nny of Wathols eat fms are saghtfrward (fatal abot 3 man eating, Shap ely about 3 ‘man sleeping, they ae not eyo unambguoe By rking so many of ‘he convention of mansweam enema (and, a we ave eet canen> ‘ions fother-preditabe gente ike porongrap ara le corpel specstorst fad she own way” entertain theses wen bored to make sense of conflicting es of reas, ora physical de ‘mapdngeteteiesin duration. lo ohne words mes srk The ‘son promiba by the es ied ut meer so mach as need iF pet lee the tester withthe impreion a ating “watched” how pb and etn ot everyone ds} this resus rom the spears ‘own percept ibor Hlow jo move ese to produc the image of ‘he fli hat nat carded and that may pot even he existed “Tony Raye deere the tendency of ewes “to meatal i or diet mvc, ote hem anergy and 0 tepres or ignore the ret" (97,8) Similarly, Dovid hres Wie The porgraphic seence park of crn sages pares thers reas others. The pornographic fm in a contin tate (65) fe arto ee these rises, hen he observer af st bes purty sled bee, nt erly a8 a ete Du a ‘ameraperson, lowe’ spectator mist be capable not ony felting [Alta eur in he fb aloof cual lowering te carer ‘or her ind inorder se below the fame. Ceinp, howe aks i ere view of he station. Rather than regan the avy a the spec tar ar compulson vise what ate be vies the experene af watching low Jeb s berating Rate han descrbingan experience | fusion boredom, helms an unparalled sense af edo nih the pectin iefeed ook ferent” (19614 ; ‘While | appreciate Crimp thought and compli eewaton ow Joa again not crain thst boredom nd please need 10 be ‘multe uty exhsve categorie. find it parca fo loate Waols week athe ste of exchange between thse 0 ces Warhol rites, “ve ren quote lat saying like orn ‘Wel sidan meat But tht ost men mat bared (Warhol and Hack 198, 5). Both pornography andthe avant ae are fen acu of being boring Coney, a nse gent ae de fend thei by denying these cans In bath ase, the vison Between boredom a plane perce a intansigent. Rae han rgd sure cmehing ceed when boredom x bracketed, woul argue {hat the plese of he Warhol ext—snd post of much f ernography sand the ange isepambly deri om theesperiene of edo. Stephen Kock wits, ns iteresting hatsomary poplecompsin ta porsography isbn shri. our anyone who has ever ted odo morethan dabbein ‘th how boing st Yeti aso psionatelyinteresing seemsto me that pormoprany is il because idl waa peng: requires uo wat. Pamograpy is patient a Thee who sek fis immedacy ae speaking avery considerable confisn Those who speak its exctement ae bring eae wit al tah The experi fot ing eed ita ptt Watching one st though 4 ‘aguedsacsted esl awareness incesealy mining o's own sponses, wondering wen the til wil cme, why one doesn fee it ere other, searching forthe well pings of aroun. Wale wing eines 973 50-5 emp mine). Boredom i thought to ecu when either the ody othe min ain ‘he ott case, bot ot ice ocuped. Pace eto bervesthat eredom “pial thoght ode a eubjectie experience time wthout event. when noting happens, a seemingly ends ax without ‘eganing a end” (995.269 Per, ike Koch, mines bred with aking andthe expectation of Fre aint fbjectny deve of analy and allen (Pew 195,370) Waking homever, doe ot ply She baceting of posi. Rather, boredom vies section and the imagined posturing odes. Alog thes ne, th French ert Mile Huge has bred tht“the sujet experiencing bred nat ster lng fom an abenceof ese but fom ts ndeterinaton, which in turn Sores the subject to wander, in sear of point of Satin in Pero 1995.27) Rather than designating mode fect be of tial ‘on, boredom may mpl “a ane of abundance” an ovetilation of both dy and mind stones pil contin af mde Peta 199527) Mc har been writen bout the ee his Kind of sensory abunlance on subject, but ane ot suficientes Bored ‘ery agile effet on the body — it corporeal ines, naan Cary tas argued that the cops of be amera daca rode of vison inserted ‘hehuman bo —withallof ts eperfotions and nro di ‘ourses and practice of vison: Hewes" body ht had been anctal or invisible em in vison was now the hikes frm which node of thecbserer wa bined” 199510). A note ls Clay’ ight bout the thiknes ofthe body more appre than when the subject i overcame by boredom. Boredom tenders the thcknes ofthe oy andthe density ‘ofthe mie excruciatingly pale. pracely when we find ous bored tat we are ost wat of ou ow “eral demsty"—of the gdty fou ths te heave of ou eyes and the dilbtunsbe pal- Ingot gest ke ponograpy, boring” epee ms sche Blow Jo ear ws tou baie, ipegating wih apes, gin ‘mand deve When we te bred our mind arated with thought feces thkig In mainsrem br-core pornography the seemingly ene repetition of dicate outcomes indice orem: the ens of knowing how each tevual uber wil end, inboes the specter ih iuaneo es ‘f monotny apd sour For aan gare spectators boredom oe ine Yeoes when. wo Douow fiom Ine Margubes, “nothing happens” ‘Wheres the boredom of pornography seems to dea frm rupted ad sustained als, the nna ofthe aan ate fea gene ded by the ck or preted absence) of naatve event of conven Chaat development Can ne compre the red af tet with the ‘monotony of ak? Do these wo seeming) atthe categories iter henomensigaly? Wie wating what Jes one nent? Tea rove on ian inerpetatve ere tn conch at while valing the cere anor what sarong” with the poroogiphle ‘msc en scneof plete spd saps whats" minng” or ant pare ‘miniralicm. Altnough the boredom generated by pornography and the ‘onl geerated by the vant gude ae not he same, hey come vogeber {in Warhls fm Bl abo produce seated simultane of ol al eso and strc lack land Bares cryptic observed that “boredom {nor fom Bt i Beaten en the shores of pene” 56) Boredom, nother words. the ls enperienced wa one pease ‘athe sumalaney of experince and perception rendered baal bythe thre of ilflinet 3p eel deferng the gure of allen rein bterhadcoreas th mone sha), ly Jb expands the em fis a nftum, standing the specatr othe eacracting shore of earure inthe xtrociary sac of he nfl. Notes + neck Mgt Mee | Haberman and ot Rosen tte at ‘iesroring aay ene the ame (98) 6) 2 cording Warhalsbogrpe Vcr Bod: Kignan woe ke ‘en Pall ger an hal en ta wth Pa ee ded ‘orc dg acon eg h ereigued e ‘mut didi Ee hemor ow pofndd me Thre eel se ‘eos rh Fest wir eel Ral ener prance en Bo 9.149)1 The fateh Ne ek Cy pole adneot Waa ie creda Marc 1964 Heth mite newly Br Fuh Sth ining Nora awa mien ofS om is (Wahl ed Hac 98079) 4 Ue na Wha la ows cna see he ace ia mane tat hehe amore pat Thelin drome ‘moe scnning ie oe stale ape ares and npg se). Inher terse memo Waal opretar Us et a tins ung] athe hace end senering of lo oh 964 atthe tayo 88 St emis "On Say ih ence ‘erin thd Facer anand aon tebe coche ‘le with des tht od kr est The mags ae pred te ne set ang brent sheryl 3) Uta Vk fe ble (anaes desi the execs i big (3 Sx ren “Tae a ioe ving od erie th he een lego ht wat you el dene arpa? Bgin ong ‘plouontengancnts thane —nhtean ai Teste 3). ‘Despina oer owen epenet at fortrapints: fm peter notated nt meres, et ates [per ats at “ang tg ah Factory ne ak su Bloe ler dae Maerua mba ene} Acting thie ngs Sipeear puncte he ttl Super —see Ken 20020 uppsd en met it demands oat pe seat "ois ihn” Ao ont ow owe stor cou ine r= ‘eer! is if olga ety ene eter ples he (postin ul els hells of he nga wh he ormgpic {aarti mad vn th Slr’ omn cae ister ae ‘erat unc stot dnconof he rgstn bere thea pean low fre manele pin ith lent Ger’ por ale oy 93, Carded Kuh AMough Gree econ brennan he tad eo ke i sun te ig ‘aan ny bch he aos nee th artnet Sow othe peent per fee adrian Lane eine ‘pes at te sgn seat ee thigh he ow ee a (aed in ear pac yh nd fe tet ete. reg, ‘Und Willa dims hy tise pal he cee ena ge tote ounce cre hte sna ensiee ptate ‘hip. ing athe wok of tins Cy ie The en ef ge ‘he othe camera bcs model of on plnge ah he ighden ‘he lpepae cbr nam oped many enone? (ans 95 7G 09) y Besse ted toch and law bene en etl adver ben be Andy bl ‘sola may ati non wo ached tana ete he phan low re aes yoann denon ape tt wh employed opr techs thea sities, ‘Sued bo fs of rnp en several case POP he ‘rice Penal, ld porn sn hop eal inet wally “Gyn stl A you may J as tou wt ned oe ‘hens edema nr we route ay oud ge fot ight lor tg ce ed (Vaal Hea, “poten inverse ent ated Wal cout Bu Mn ha ‘wy be eed a coe porn, Wael ned ha tity (She ed he ang made i rahe tna cts He ‘un enk tess ape res res Mani hol hau yu ely bt mone ld ee ou sho yo (meted seu pol le putin en, 209 When sha ‘hob ae cee ot th ek Cea in or Ae soe he ee son ln Net RachBySinl 1968 Be a ave be Ean ct hen he tari nt ert iol en ‘pp 9m poten Wauph 996 As Ware clabro Pak Merny aie, Degas tc area ine te ‘hep om thea wd ne wo ae athe ay entation tte Aton an hum an Waugh 996 6 Seetuersz wth Wel queda yon Rostra ea iy, ‘Spy ed indy Wu Characcta eng the nevi ee tin lot hil being id ftp Wael el the es te ‘pita andthe nfs hl hao tebe xd enh ‘Wel contin pod fi traght te ees many oe ne Prorat areca Th Pa ‘fo Pokey sn nr Dra tl miele Wah ‘Say sae ses that tps ln had led come bl ‘piety te iia by 296 erg he 96-64 see olin ‘art Sis ning Cntr emt ages Sorin and ‘Sn ub Chrno faa age he urge the ne ‘hel 993 7 Wt one eka ang nt exprmentl nm ome ‘mnoer al pod War ln str yon eared 9643 ‘ile ie aan co-opt funded hes an chs Wy elt ny and Mah Cobo he rete ea in (tomentose ul oe Js Mek hie ‘Hfconmertedon ta eatomaton fom garam Ysneteen We ‘Trcs-by aun. the mageine nd he opto cae (pond and ae tpt fh nent” tt Bae 99919) By Tevnd of he dct emo tat hd fr se eer tis en eleanor fre ent ing wet bn sor wannos mow s0H a8edu ani tae 99.19). cui he cael ape ‘nash ad oe elena sie 1 Ses Joa Meat "Aolopaphial Note he peice ares 992 “The pope of on Seen fl Mung Caen pone pect ‘sample ofthe ypeof cata frat at ad pce 965 Wee et ime wes ht he fi redesign ry of Sle tees cited wath counter ed igh ont oe ina ef ce" retin mance sy ing ing igs in aconmeree orm (Wate cet 9B). Minced bge Siang le Waals hepa mene Som etl puns meine y alr Sans. ere Wea er thot Sleigh eno append (peu mee inthe prt ses, Many Wail speci ‘ernest je Dalene Oni Pt tT Mead Dating Ine Cat, Ger Mier and Put DA mre edt prt ‘hf, ut ony Pal ore Ye, nd Ula etc speed he ‘ea cat Wa dis cern flay nt thee pe a et nly ist he was the tal ing lth Up ok 96, ae ites te ulead wa ne fh oly he ep eal eae sat Sabena nd see esse fader (8) Wath Has scm on Rat and Ming Co uc he ce Wr fee miter sci maven Me bade oe ‘sje othe ml eines 96, nh My He ee ‘eit th “ato Haye ton ke tenet ir er ‘wok ies anf thew st With ee he sey ae ‘tcown produce) Haproat etmest fle ok ter” at ‘ex mach en hen s 1a Tera mere complete sary he ll te ce sexy exit nem, se ln, in ation theres ey Tha gh jon ews 1) See Noses cunion ae wig (0084-48) 1 See Wag el ager“ ao An Wag 996 a thf he pecs gh ute ening apr Wh ry ‘eth bt ay stag la plies orn Waugh ao sp Tischer YOh Hee) Tene iy Pot tog ot thas iin gy it cer ere eral poy er 196, aig at's rat f abut one node l-mal a t Scam fem ts eae These 8 en om ie wl ne bem ale ‘Sei dior msi shops inet ear es New oT Scvarengheroed 9964 359-6} Oneal le Wuphenton ‘ch hare not en se ew see acne enc "acing Al i ag tuna oe dexsion hw peace ‘efoto the tole wa be Waugh ie ht Dl per mth eye. saponified ‘ratte hgh ome cu ta msl yor ted mt have geht rote weal ete am ‘residing nr orga ee” (6 The espn ‘ks me bese oft geste of a berate te ey par ‘hy tt wo treme eBoy he Sind Weld ‘rl 197, bt encmpa hea eesti eine (ik Bas jo) Pine ny magn rere "ue Mate ter he ony ol nn wih peter ible vt ‘hon fim sb te seat Hae 96) Ch 96) Ta an ning Ts a6 arson sah ep The po mA 969 ars heen stoned th Garth Thera New Yr a ‘Tevet haveathedt ty petra ve tart neg i hare mee tres a Ite son (fac 74) tae ae ern (i 998. ‘, Rindarome wher thee dips cote sere ile tes tn ral ches nds Wars res tht a-prime pine ang ‘aya wel ano ini. Shep Non andemchi p "apy ate post he topaninyopret tempol nee ‘Met nd ej er sede awl) sh meet one se {anor insted emer ef ee hati he pel eal tne ero pry (99% 15 ‘eels. alr eet ohne veope the hc wre res oh bir pcos ‘metpayanre Bl stn online and ye ote Ma ‘is hae seer moment neh ler nea peal determining nrc yt sept ‘etn mer ho any eel thie, dow fe the ce have ne en sl dere ve ei he ermal ‘peer Cel, Lam sta i ih ey ced of male pi ‘some, but stems ha eat een the mt bed ec ‘scepter Aono Wise he pepe manny epentcin penn ‘der delve steph bd in eso a pss Indore m,n Jrmded tcl of i cl ca ‘exofgetapretaton beth bodily estates ‘he pipes of macima ty gil incon preggo. potter ets sighing etal al ptonng be prfreein tert disp es sn ras. bt ey hese e708 {© fcde te il agen cnmtion of ie excl een prs ‘own win the idry he "omy St 49) Sh we Na ‘MOV WAMMOWS BLOW 0 seroc term py elaboo wth thr ml or fede. abies: ‘hess nlp, gh opera need f cnet {ay prnyen ting l”o inrerting ste aw any a the pines fan siya ceo Wha nor aro ie ‘nye aay teres in ea he pipet ae WS ‘onert wtshal be t eet eneptrton 20 See Wiad oth pins sn fin 98. 60-7) 2 Car inert eit pe ch ono ed preg se nao they sen ome ets waren apne > ‘th fare hone Sort enrol oon pore Buin, he, Wash hat por omer ery nag [arte int acl depron he seen, emery pie pel {bd oft pect ct lrg ecto ot sensation theodore” ash a Fr pcs ohare fo ‘oop trea ing coat brween hadi ain ich ‘pts th eer wl tol ee bt expres epi el ese Rha Dyer 985 aes a pst boat ay poor He ‘we The pl of propper coming Sc mn ae fis ccastion hat i ang the galfh orerapi po ‘oni tesco cancer| itocoms th glee perio i ‘mean. een poe cee attest i 8). 22 Acting las 999, body ne ne ar, prea, a slam ie previous Works tad Angel calle, 1994, The Fis Andy Wark Pr New Yer: Whit Museu homo ‘Ar P98" of Asoc: eighth Cai Andy ere: in Fac. Miche Ory Lorch ett la 0 Try ft i: Caracas No Art Ta th Bans Sal 99) Chm ila: Ar are ommend ie at Body. sham, NC: De Unie Pe ‘ute Rl 1975 The Peo et ech et New Yk Hil Wang, ej ae 958.The Waka Ac th Ag Nach eprdcion” nmin Ed. Haah Aree iy NewS erg rece 9671985 "eting Lae: A teri wh Any Who ind Wr Fm Fc Mel Py. Aer Bish Pn te Hes. ak Vet 9h The Lf ed Oth indy Waal Now Yk ant Der aah gy Ba Spek A Pl he Ppa New Yr: a ee ‘can fan 3997 “Marin Vn” ta Vig Foti Wy of Sing ‘Ln ia New Brno Nes Unies Press 9, Teter f he Ore On Vie ant Maer he enh ‘ery Camtige: re Pres inp Daan 996 ae ae A Fa Any rh os ch Te Bae Cm rs 3, 7 ye Bang Cay ae en Cong Te fr Ct 3 Brensin, Dae Na "Within te Parr Pence econ terol Poppa We Age fan say ont 096 "Wt Ges Ged Face: aly andthe Pls P= popes nip On Quer Wr Jer Dy Fontan Fai at Jat barn Motor Duan NC Dube Unberty Pro oh re Sac i 2000 Tee ayn he Thr of Say Tae ‘Stn Neo a Bok Crean Clemet 99 Greand Kitch Aol ‘a we so Bon 32 Crandmana ay 19. dy Wahl ob Pepa: Temple Uneaty cape "an ees tn a oe Trot ads aes age 1a te imi oes oa tratnp ine tecrer eg pai geting : eins a naas o ee A, ep mien emg Sal Sarena meee sect se rk gi nie Perec omrmee ier anf enltean totes oe oa ee art ie eee | sea fre gD pes heel Aces ee See ee oo en ea ae ea eee verspe ay Sane pe Toye aia rapa ae aaa Ty 997d ind Wh dy al Cl McCabe, "Mut Fc and eter Wn, enon ih Rte. 8537 star Sere 99) "Was Hei In The Cea Bl, Mice: Ua "ery Mao re 20-9. i 188 Fame fe Monthy Yr th Andy Wala New Wate hd lat ako: The Mh Se Mowe Hart ‘ee ooh ‘Woh Fhe 964 "Caen Fp Oot Quer Mh rie Dale Ioaten Fay and oo fan Minos. Dcam, NC Duke Uniesty a re map: Gay Mae tir a Pag dln fom ‘Te jing Soa New Yk: Cla ery Pe swine dag Hd Cr Foner, Pam nd herp ft Ve” eh Uniersiy ofnsPre "ope Caneeined Oe Vl eng andie Cama De iy ein" Pie ge Pogue Paes Boe ingens ner Pro os in He Gendt Gene, and cn” lt Ge Re 2, a ath et tn: Ue of Tent 40-8, ‘Unbracketing Motion Study: Scott Starks NOEWA ‘on Aus 5,992 Kenan present his Nerour System perfomance fim cnncexanerer pronounced, andhereafer fered. Chat too tthe Faherty Seria, arpartofaseserf screenings programme bp Scot MacDoold ht year. The sexes took "motion study atthe and make ference Jacob performance nd the questonananseh ‘ess hat folomed because to me, he response arb presentation repreens a concrete dsr event, a which the politi ance mu rounding single ens ae dslyed nan unusual eur mane In Chee, cob presets a ld Freeh pornographic fim mis nipltng it by unghie Nero Sytem, a dul pejector apart that Inodices frame‘ rane analytic motion into te projection ofthe pee. acts performance work eyes fl imagery by sowing it down and ‘ayng consecutive ame guint one sother in ert dra the aur xces ateton to mscrospectades f incremental matin. Expicilyharke Jing back to the work of Eadweard Maybsdge and Etienne ules Mae hobs isinterestedn cinematic motion eapoblemstc phenomenon be ientgated in onder fly ppechend formar graphic relationships hich eben the url move ging experience but peal ede py Cepton However, the onic at the Faery aro eh deo acs ‘evo pornngapy ss ware material: bes explained his own interest ‘Cherian pat desing om frm posites his pyr. "tne tei ofthe Nervous System 1 wrk ith ound bjt, curved ok‘umes pose (MacDonald 998,138) Whe cbs di adres desire tobe"as expt spose" in hi depiction ofeemaiy,a eget of the Faherty crowd ound his expaatons unstisictry. One erin partic: ant angi objected te t's appeopriatin of prmmgapic fap ot anabatact modernist projec" realy itr ht weve spent at eat twenty minutes talking aout technique and iprering comin! 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