BS.

ng Nguyn Trung An B mn Chn on h nh nh

Lch s x quang
1895 W.C. Roentgen pht hin ra tia X. 1901 - Roentgen nhn gii Nobel vt l . 1905 xut bn cun sch ting anh v X quang ngc

u tin 1910_Khler xut bn cun sch kinh in v hnh nh gii phu bnh thng v du hiu nhn bit si ti mt,si niu

 1913 -Coolidge gii thiu hot cathode tube. 1914 - Von Laue nhn gii Nobel vt l v pht hin ra

nhiu x t tinh th (diffraction from crystals) 1915 Hai cha con Bragg nhn gii Nobel vt l v vic pht hin ra cu trc tinh th t nhiu x ca tia X

 1917 - Barkla nhn gii Nobel vt l v pht hin ra bc

x c tnh (characteristic radiation of elements) 1918 - Eastman gii thiu bn phim x quang. 1920 hip hi KTV X quang c thnh lp 1924 - Siegbahn nhn gii Nobel vt l v pht hin ra ph tia X

 1927 - Compton nhn gii Nobel vt l v pht hin ra

hiu ng tn x ca electron 1936 - Debye nhn gii Nobel ha hc v nhiu x tia X v electron trong khi(diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases) 1946 - Schoenander thay i film cassette cho php nhiu cassettes c s dng vi t l 1.5 cassettes trong 1 giy. 1950's pht trin mng tng sng v mng hnh X ray (image intensifier and X-ray television)

Wilhemlm Conrad Roentgen(1845-1923)

 i hc WURZBURG ni gio s lm vic

Ni xy ra s kin lch s

Ngy 8.11.1895

Ngy 22-12-1895

n Crookes Hittorf

ng dng ca tia X

Tia x trong kim tra hnh l

Hnh x quang y khoa u tin

Vo ngy 3-2-1896, gio s vt l Edwin Frost ti i

hc Dartmouth v em trai Gilman Frost, bc s ti bnh vin Mary Hitchcock chp hnh c tay (T) ca Eddie McCarthy trong 20 pht

Hnh x quang y khoa u tin gy Colles

Hnh x quang y khoa u tin

Phng chp x quang u tin 1903 ti BV Mary Hitchcock

My chp x quang

Nguyn l X-Quang

Electron-Atom Interactions That Produce X- Ray Photons

Energy Exchange within an X-Ray Tube

GENERATOR
Cc yu t c th thay i KV :hiu in th MA :cng dng in S :thi gian chp

TNG TC CA TIA X VI VT CHT

C 3 KIUTNG TC
XUYN THU HP TH (HIU NG QUANG IN) TN X (HIU NG COMPTON)

XUYN THU

S TNG PHN
thy r cc chi tit gii phu hn L kt qu ca s khc bit ca suy gim chm tia khi

i qua bnh nhn kVp kim sot tng phn nh (Kv cng thp tng phn cng cao)

Chi tit

S mo nh
Sai lch v tr u n, b phn c th cn kho st v

ni tip nhn hnh nh

X quang k thut s

X quang k thut s

X-Quang KTS
u im: Khng cn phng ti. Khng gy nhim (khng cn x l thuc ra phim nh phim X-quang t) Tc x l hnh nhanh. C th x l hnh sau chp v truyn d liu. Lu tr hnh nh lu. Khuyt im: Gi thnh t

Tc dng sinh hc ca tia X

Max Levy-Dom:nn nhn u tin

Tc dng ln t bo
1.trc tip 2.gin tip

S nhy ca t bo vi tia x (theo th t gim dn)

T bo to mu v lympho T bo sinh dc v t bo d dy rut T bo thn kinh v t bo c

S nhy ca t bo vi tia x ph thuc

1.TC PHN CHIA 2.LNG OXY CUNG CP

vd:t bo c tnh t bo phi thai

Tc dng sinh hc
Hiu ng ngu nhin Hiu ng tt nhin

Hiu ng ngu nhin (Stochastic effect)

Liu nh (<10rad)ca tia x gy bin i t bo: -khi u c tnh (somatic effect) -tn thng v di truyn (genetic effect) i vi thai nhi <1w:cht trong t cung 2-7w:d tt,chm pht trin,ung th 8-40w:ging nh trn +bt thng v chc nng Khng c liu an ton.

Hiu ng tt nhin ( deterministic effect)

Liu x cao gy hy hoi t bo:

-bng da -rng tc -v sinh -cataracts -ARS (acute radiation syndrome) +bun nn,nn,mt mi,chn n +tc ng ln:h to mu,d dy rut,CNS

Khuyn co ca ICRP (international commission radiological protection)

Cc ch nh X-Quang
Chn thng (s, ngc, bng, chu, chi, ct sng) Bnh l h hp, tim mch (vim phi, COPD, trn

dch, trn kh, u phi,, suy tim) Bnh l ng tiu ha (X-quang thc qun, d dy, rut non, i trng, ng mt c cn quang). Bnh l h niu (si, u bu, d dng, chc nng-UIV). X-quang v (tm sot, chn on K v). Xc nh tui xng. Chng ch nh: Lu tc dng sinh hc (ph n c thai, tr em, b phn sinh dc,)