Chapter 12.

Simple Machines Physics, 6

th
Edition
Chapter 12. Simple Machines

Simple Machines, Efficiency, and Mechanical Advantage
12-1. A 25 percent efficient machine performs external or! of 2"" #. $hat inp%t or! is
re&%ired'
2"" #
(
".25
Work out Work out
E Work in
Work in E

( Work in ) *"" #
12-2. $hat is the inp%t or! of a +" percent efficient ,asoline en,ine if d%rin, each cycle it
performs -"" # of %sef%l or!'
-"" #
(
".+"
Work out Work out
E Work in
Work in E

( Work in ) 1+++ #
12-+. A 6"-$ motor lifts a 2-!, mass to a hei,ht of - m in + s. Comp%te the o%tp%t poer.
2
.2 !,/.0.* m1s /.- m/
(
+ s
Work Fs
P P
t t
; P ) 26.1 $
12.-. $hat is the efficiency of the motor in Pro2lem 12-+' $hat is the rate at hich or! is
done a,ainst friction'
26.1 $
6" $(
6" $
in
Power out
P E
Power in

( E = -+.53
P
loss
= 6" $ 4 26.1 $( P
loss
= ++.0 $
12-5. A 6" percent efficient machine lifts a 1"-!, mass at a constant speed of + m1s. $hat is the
re&%ired inp%t poer'
P
o%t
) Fv = mgv = .1" !,/.0.* m1s
2
/.+ m1s/( P
out
= 20- $
20- $
".6"
out
in
P
P
E
( P
in
= -0" $
16"
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
12-6. 5%rin, the operation of a +""-hp en,ine, ener,y is lost to friction at the rate of 2"" hp.
$hat is the %sef%l o%tp%t poer and hat is the efficiency of the en,ine'
P
out
= +"" hp 4 2"" hp ) 1"" hp (
1"" hp
+"" hp
out
in
P
E
P

( E = ++.+3
12-6. A frictionless machine lifts a 2""-l2 load thro%,h a 7ertical distance of 1" ft. 8he inp%t
force mo7es thro%,h a distance of +"" ft. $hat is the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e of the
machine' $hat is the ma,nit%de of the inp%t force'
+"" ft
1" ft
i
I
o
s
M
s

) +" (
2"" l2
+" +"
o
i
F
F ) 6.66 l2
Applications of the Lever Principle
12-*. 9ne ed,e of a 5"-!, safe is lifted ith a 1.2-m steel rod. $hat inp%t force is re&%ired at
the end of the rod if a f%lcr%m is placed 12 cm from the safe' .:int; 8o lift one ed,e, a
force e&%al to one-half the ei,ht of the safe is re&%ired./
W = mg = .5" !,/.0.* m1s
2
/ ) -0" <( = ) $12 ) 2-5 <
1."* m -0" <
0(
".12 m 0
i o
I i
o I
r F
M F
r M

F
i
= 5-.- <
12-0. =or the n%tcrac!er in =i,. 12--a, the n%t is located 2 cm from the f%lcr%m and an inp%t
force of 2"-< is applied at the handles hich are 1" cm from the f%lcr%m. $hat is the
force applied to crac! the n%t'

1" cm
5( 5.2" </
2 cm
i
I o I i
o
r
M F M F
r

(
F
o
= 1"" <
161
F
i
=%lcr%m
1.2 m
F
o
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
12-1". =or the heel2arro in =i,. 12--2, the center of ,ra7ity of a net load of -" !, is located
5" cm from the heel. $hat %pard lift m%st 2e applied at a point on the handles that is
1.- m from the heel'

1.- m
2.*(
".5 m
i
I
o
r
M
r



o
i
I
F
F
M

2
.-" !,/.0.* m1s /
2.*
i
F ( F
i
= 1-" <
12-11. $hat is the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e of the heel2arro in Pro2lem 12-11'
1.- m
2.*
".5 m
i
I
o
r
M
r

( M
i
) 2.*
12-12. =ind the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e of the cro2ar in =i,. 12--c if the inp%t force is
applied +" cm from the nail and the f%lcr%m is located 2 cm
from the nail'
+" cm - 2 cm
1-
2 cm
i
I
o
r
M
r

( M
i
) 1-."
12-1+. 8he inp%t force exerted 2y a m%scle in the forearm .see =i,. 12--d/ is 12" < and acts a
distance of - cm from the el2o. 8he total len,th of the forearm is 25 cm. $hat ei,ht
is 2ein, lifted'

.- cm/.12" </
(
25 cm
i o i i
I o
o i o
r F r F
M F
r F r

(
F
o
=10.2 <
162
=
i =
o
=%lcr%m
F
o
F
i
=%lcr%m
F
o
F
i
=%lcr%m
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
12-1-. A heel 2" cm in diameter is attached to an axle ith a diameter of 6 cm. >f a ei,ht of
-"" < is attached to the axle, hat force m%st 2e applied to the rim of the heel to lift the
ei,ht at constant speed' <e,lect friction.

.-"" </.+ cm/
(
1" cm
o o
I i
i
F F r R
M F
F r R

F
i
= 12" <
12-15. A 2"-!, mass is to 2e lifted ith a rod 2 m lon,. >f yo% can exert a donard force of
-" < on one end of the rod, here sho%ld yo% place a 2loc! of ood to act as a f%lcr%m'

2
.2" !,/.0.* m1s /
( -.0
.-" </
o
I A I
i
F
M M M
F


-.0( -.0 (
i
I i o
o
r
M r r
r

r
o
+ r
i
= 2 m( S%2stit%te; r
o
+ (4.9r
o
) = m
!olving "or r
#
gives$ r
o
= ".++0 m %&e "ul'rum s&oul( )e **.9 'm "rom t&e weig&t.
We 'oul( +lso "in( r
i
$ r
i
= 4.9.".++0 m/ or r
i
= ,.-- m
12-16. 5etermine the force = re&%ired to lift a 2""-< load $ ith the p%lley shon in =i,. 16a.
2"" <
2( ( (
2
o o
I I A i
i A
F F
M M M F
F M

F
i
= 1"" <
12-16. $hat inp%t force is needed to lift the 2""-< load ith the arran,ement in =i,. 12-162'
2"" <
-( ( (
-
o o
I I A i
i A
F F
M M M F
F M

F
i
= 5" <
12-1*. $hat inp%t forces are needed to lift the 2""-< load for =i,. 12-16c and d'
2"" <
5( ( (
5
o o
I I A i
i A
F F
M M M F
F M

F
i
= -" <
2"" <
-( ( (
-
o o
I I A i
i A
F F
M M M F
F M

F
i
= 5" <
16+
r
?
F
i
F
o
$
-" < mg
r
o
r
i
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
12-10. $hat is the mechanical ad7anta,e of a scredri7er %sed as a heel and axle if its 2lade is
".+ in. ide and the handle is ".* in'

".* in.
(
".+ in.
I
M M
I
= 2.66
@12-2". 8he chain hoist in =i,. 12-16 is a com2ination of the heel and axle and the 2loc! and
tac!le. Sho that the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e of s%ch a de7ice is ,i7en 2y
Work out = Work in; F
i
s
i
= F
o
s
o

s
i
= R
2 . /
2
o
R r
s


2 . /
.2 /
2
i o
R r
F R F

1
]
2 2
(
o
I I
i
F R R
M M
F R r R r


@12-21. Ass%me that the lar,er radi%s in =i,. 12-16 is three times the smaller radi%s. $hat inp%t
force is re&%ired to lift a 1"-!, load ith no friction.
F
o
= mg = .1" !,/.0.* m1s
2
/ ) 0*." <( R = *r
"
2 2.+ / 0* <
+( (
+ +
I I i
i
F R r
M M F
R r r r F


( F
i
= +2.6 <
The Transmission of Tor!e
12-22. A 15"" rpm motor has a dri7e p%lley + in. in diameter, and the dri7en p%lley is 0 in. in
diameter. =ind the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e and the rpm for the o%tp%t p%lley.
0 in.
+( +
+ in.
o o i
I I
i i o
. .
M M
. .

(

o
.15"" rpm/

+ +
i

o
= 5"" rpm
16-
".+ in. ".* in.
F
i
F
i
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
12-2+. A +" cm diameter inp%t p%lley t%rns at 2"" rpm on a 2elt dri7e connected to an o%tp%t
p%lley 6" cm in diameter. $hat is the ratio of the o%tp%t tor&%e to the inp%t tor&%e' $hat
is the o%tp%t rpm'
6" cm
( 2
+" cm
o o o
i i i
.
.



o
2"" rpm
2(
2 2
o i i
I
i o
.
M
.

(
o
= 1"" rpm
12-2-. A A-2elt p%lley system has o%tp%t and inp%t dri7es of diameters 6 in. and - in.,
respecti7ely. A tor&%e of 2"" l2 in. is applied to the inp%t dri7e. =ind the o%tp%t tor&%e'
6 in.
( 1.5
- in.
o o o
i i i
.
.



(
o
) 1.5.2"" l2 in./(
o
) +"" l2 ft
12-25. 8he ratio of o%tp%t speed to inp%t speed for a ,ear dri7e is 2 to 1. $hat is the mechanical
ad7anta,e'
1 2
(
1
o i o
I
i o i i
.
M
. M



( M
I
= /
12-26. A set of to sp%r ,ears has -" teeth and 1" teeth. $hat are the possi2le ideal mechanical
ad7anta,es.
-" 1"
( ; and
1" -"
o o
I
i i
. 0
M Possi)le r+tios
. 0

M
I
= -." and ".25"
12-26. =or the sp%r ,ears in Pro2lem 12-26, hat is the rotational speed of the smaller ,ear, if
the speed of the lar,er ,ear is 2"" rpm'
165
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
-".2"" rpm/
(
1"
s 1 1 1 1
s
s s 1 s
. 0 0
. 0 0

(
s
) *"" rpm
Applications of the "nclined Plane
11-2*. $hat m%st 2e the thic!ness of the 2ase, if the ed,e is 2" cm lon, and it is desired that
the inp%t force 2e one-tenth of the o%tp%t force'
2" cm
1"(
1" 1"
I
1 1
M t
t
# t ) 2."" cm
11-20. $hat sho%ld 2e the apex an,le of a ed,e if it is to ha7e a mechanical ad7anta,e of 1"'
1
tan ( 1"( tan
1"
I
t 1
M
1 t
( ) 5.61
"
11-+". A 1"-!, crate is mo7ed from the ,ro%nd to a loadin, platform 2y means of a ramp 6 m
lon, and 2 m hi,h. Ass%me that
!
)".25. $hat are the ideal and act%al mechanical
ad7anta,es of the ramp' B sin ) 216 ( ) 10.5
"
C

6 m
(
2 m
I
1
M
t
M
>
) +.""
F
o
= mg = .1" !,/.0.* m1s
2
/( F
o
) 0*." <
F
!
)
!
N )
!
mg cos ( F
!
) .".25/.0* </cos 10.5
"
) 2+.1 <
F
i
2 F
k
2 mg sin ) "( F
i
4 2+.1 < 4 .0* </sin 10.5
"
) "( F
i
= 55.66 <
0*." <
55.66 <
o
A
i
F
M
F

; M
A
) 1.66
11-+1. =or the ramp in Pro2lem 11-+1, hat is the efficiency of the ramp'
1.66
+
A
i
M
E
M

( E ) ".5*6( E ) 5*.63
166
1
t
N
F
- m
m
mg cos
F
o
= mg
F
i

Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6

th
Edition
@11-+2. An inp%t force of 2" l2 is applied to the 6-in. handle of a rench. %sed to ti,hten a D in.-
diameter 2olt' An act%al o%tp%t force of 6"" l2 is prod%ced. >f the 2olt has 1" threads per
inch, hat is the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e., and hat is the efficiency'
P = ,3,# in1thread ) ".166 in.(
2 2 .6 in./
+66(
".1 in.
I
R
M
P

M
I
) +66
6"" l2
+"
2" l2
o
A
i
F
M
F

(
+"
+66
A
I
M
E
M

( E ) *.""3
11-++. 8he le7er of a scre Eac! is 2- in. lon,. >f the scre has six threads per inch. $hat is the
ideal mechanical ad7anta,e'
P = ,3- in1thread ) ".166 in.(
2 2 .2- in./
0"-(
".166 in.
I
R
M
P

M
I
) 0"-
11-+-. >f the scre Eac! in Pro2lem 11-+- is 15 percent efficient, hat force is needed to lift
2"""-l2' M
A
=E M
A
= .".15/.0"-/ ) 1+6(
2""" l2
1+6(
1+6
o
A i
i
F
M F
F

( F
i
) 1-.6 l2
Challenge Pro$lems
@11-+5. An inclined plane is 6 m lon, and 1 m hi,h. 8he coefficient of !inetic friction is ".2.
$hat force is re&%ired to p%ll a ei,ht of 2-"" < %p the incline at constant speed' $hat
is the efficiency of the inclined plane' B sin ) 116 ( ) 0.50
"
C

6 m
(
1 m
I
1
M
t
M
>
) 6."" F
o
) 2-"" <
F
!
)
!
N )
!
W cos ( F
!
) .".2/.2-"" </cos 0.50
"
) -6+ <
166
N
F
- m
1 m
W cos
F
o
= 4## <
F
i

Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6

th
Edition
F
i
2 F
k
2 mg sin ) "( F
i
4 -6+ < 4 .2-"" </sin 0.50
"
) "( F
i
= *6+ <
0*." <
55.66 <
o
A
i
F
M
F

; M
A
) 1.66
1.66
(
6
A
I
M
E
M

E

) 20.+3
@11-+6. A heel and axle is %sed to raise a mass of 6""-!,. 8he radi%s of the heel is ".5" m,
and the radi%s of the axle is "."- m. >f the act%al efficiency is 6"3, hat inp%t force
m%st 2e applied to the heel'
=
o
) $ ) m, ) .6"" !,/.0.* m1s
2
/( =
o
) 6*6" <( E
A
) ".6"( ? ) ".5" m
".5
12.5( ".6"
"."-
A
I
I
R M
M E
r M

( M
A
= ".6".12.5/ ) 6.5
6*6" <
6.5(
6.5
o
A i
i
F
M F
F

( F
i
= 015 <
@11-+6. A shaft rotatin, at *"" rpm deli7ers a tor&%e of 2-" < m to n o%tp%t shaft that is rotatin,
at 2"" rpm. >f the efficiency of the machine is 6"3, comp%te the o%tp%t tor&%e. $hat is
the o%tp%t poer' B
o
) 2"" rpm ) 2".0- rad1s C
o
".6".2-" < m/.*"" rpm/
".6"(
2"" rpm
o o
i i
E

(
o
) 662 < m
P
o
=
o

o
= .662 < m/.2".0- rad1s/( P
o
= 1-.1 !$
@11-+*. A scre Eac! has a scre hose pitch is ".25 in. >ts handle is 16 in. lon,, and a load of
1.0 tons is 2ein, lifted. <e,lectin, friction, hat force is re&%ired at the end of the
handle' $hat is the mechanical ad7anta,e'
2 2 .16 in./
".25 in.
I
R
M
P

( M
I
= -"2
16*
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
0egle'ting "ri'tion;
1.0 ton.2""" l21ton/
(
-"2
o
A I i
i
F
M M F
F

; F
i
= 0.-5 l2
>n a2sence of friction, M
A
= M
I
= -"2( M
A
= -"2
@11-+0. A certain refri,eration compressor comes e&%ipped ith a 25"-mm-diameter p%lley and
is desi,ned to operate at 6"" rpm. $hat sho%ld 2e the diameter of the motor p%lley if the
motor speed is 2""" rpm'
.6"" rpm/.25" mm/
(
2""" rpm
o i o o
I i
i o i
. .
M .
.



( .
i
= 65." mm
@11--". >n a fan 2elt, the dri7in, heel is 2" cm in diameter and the dri7en heel is 5" cm in
diameter. 8he poer inp%t comes from a --!$ motor that ca%ses the dri7in, heel to
rotate at +"" rpm. >f the efficiency is *" percent, calc%late the rpm and the tor&%e
deli7ered to the dri7en heel. B +"" rpm ) +1.- rad1s C
5" cm
2.5
2" cm
o
I
i
.
M
.

( M
A
= EM
I
) ".*.2.5/ ) 2
-""" $
( 126.+ < m
+1.- rad1s
i
i i i i
i
P
P

o
) M
A

i
= 2.126.+ < m/ (
o
) 255 < m
.2" cm/.+"" rpm/
5" cm
i i
o
o
.
.

(
o
= 12" rpm
11--1. A lo,-splittin, ed,e has a side len,th of 16 cm and the an,le at the apex is 1"
"
. $hat is
the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e'
t ) F sin ) .16 cm/ sin 1"
"
) 2.6* cm(
16 cm
2.6* cm
I
1
M
t
( M
I
= 5.66
160
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
11--2. A machine has an efficiency of 62 percent. An inp%t force of 5"" < mo7es thro%,h
parallel distance of -" cm. :o m%ch ener,y is lost in the process.
Work in = .5"" </.".-" m/ ) 2"" #( $or! o%t ) ".62.2"" #/ ) 1-- #
Energ4 1ost = Work in 2 Work out = 2"" # 4 1-- #( Foss ) 56." #
@11--+. A motor ith an efficiency of *" percent operates a inch ith an efficiency of 5"
percent. >f the poer s%pplied to the motor is 6 !$, ho far ill the inch lift a -""-!,
mass in a time of - s'
E
%
= .".*"/.".5"/ ) ".-"( Work in = .6""" $/.- s/ ) 2-,""" #
Work out ) ".-".2-,""" #/ ) 06"" #( Work out = F
o
s
o
2
06"" #
.-"" !,/.0.* m1s /
o
o
Work out
s
F

; s
o
= 2.-5 m
Critical Thin%ing &!estions
12---. A 6"-< ei,ht is lifted in the three different ays shon in =i,. 12-1*. Comp%te the
ideal mechanical ad7anta,e and the re&%ired inp%t force for each application.

*" cm
-" cm
i
I
o
r
M
r

M
I
) 2.""


o
i
I
F
F
M

6" <
2."
i
F ( F
i
= +" <

12" cm
-" cm
i
I
o
r
M
r

M
I
= +.""


o
i
I
F
F
M

6" <
+."
i
F ( F
i
= 2" <

-" cm
12" cm
i
I
o
r
M
r

M
I
= ".+++
16"
F
i
-" cm *" cm
6" <
F
i
-" cm *" cm
6" <
F
i
-" cm *" cm
6" <
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition


o
i
I
F
F
M

6" <
".+++
i
F ( F
i
= 1*" <
%&e +)ove +re e5+m6les o" t&e t&ree 'l+sses o" levers. 0ote t&e +(v+nt+ges
+n( (is+(v+nt+ges o" e+'& t46e o" lever in terms o" t&e me'&+ni'+l
+(v+nt+ge +n( t&e re7uire( in6ut "or'es.
@12--5. A orm dri7e similar to that shon in =i,. 12-11 has n teeth in the ,ear heel. .>f n )
*", one complete t%rn of the orm ill ad7ance the heel one-ei,htieth of a re7ol%tion./
5eri7e an expression for the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e of the orm ,ear in terms of the
radi%s of the inp%t p%lley ?, the radi%s of the o%tp%t shaft r, and the n%m2er of teeth n in
the ,ear heel.
2
( ( 2 (
i i o o i o
r
Work in Work out Fs F s s R s
n

2
.2 / ( (
o
i o I I
i
F r nR nR
F R F M M
n F r r

_


,
@12--6. 8he orm dri7e of pre7io%s pro2lem has *" teeth in the ,ear heel. >f the radi%s of the
inp%t heel is +" cm and the radi%s of the o%tp%t shaft is 5 cm, hat inp%t force is
re&%ired to lift a 12""-!, load' Ass%me an efficiency of *"3.
.*"/.+" cm/
-*"( .".*/.-*"/ +*-
5 cm
I A I
nR
M M EM
r

2
.12"" !,/.0.* m1s /
+*-
i
F ( F
i
= +".6 <
@12--6. 8he oarloc! on a +.5 m oar is 1 m from the handle end. A person in a ro2oat applies a
force of 5" < to the handle end. $hat is the ideal mechanical ad7anta,e and o%tp%t force'
5oes mo7in, the oarloc! closer to the handle end increase or decrease the mechanical
161
F
o
F
i
2.5 m
1 m
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
ad7anta,e' :o far from the handle end sho%ld the oarloc! 2e placed to prod%ce a 2"3
increase in the o%tp%t force'

1 m
2.5 m
i
I
o
r
M
r

M
I
) ".-""
Moving o+rlo'k 'loser to &+n(s 6ro(u'es + sm+ller me'&+ni'+l +(v+nt+ge$ !m+ller
12--6. .Cont./ A #8 in're+se in F
o
me+ns t&e new me'&+ni'+l +(v+nt+ge is ,.M
A
MG
A
) 1.2.".-"/ ) ".-*(
".-*( ".-* ".-*.+.5 m - /(
i
i o i
o
r
r r r
r

r
i
= 1.6* 4 ".-*r
i

r
i
= 1.1- m %&e o+rlo'k s&oul( )e 6l+'e( 1.1- m "rom t&e &+n(.
@12--*. S!etch a 2loc! and tac!le system ith a mechanical ad7anta,e of 5.
%&e s4stem (r+wn to t&e rig&t &+s "ive li"ting ro6es 6ulling t&e
weig&t u6w+r(9 +n( t&us &+s + me'&+ni'+l +(v+nt+ge o" :.
@12--0. A 6"-$ motor dri7es the inp%t p%lley of a 2elt dri7e at 15" rpm. 8he
diameters of the inp%t and o%tp%t p%lleys are 6" cm and 2" cm, respec-
ti7ely. Ass%me an act%al mechanical ad7anta,e of ".25. .a/ $hat is the
o%tp%t tor&%e' .2/ $hat is the o%tp%t poer' .c/ $hat is the efficiency'

2" cm
".+++
6" cm
o
i
i
.
M
.


.6" cm/.15" rpm/
2" cm
i i
o
o
.
.

o
) -5" rpm
".25
".+++
A
I
M
E
M

; E = ".65" or 65."3
P
o
= ".65P
i
= ".65.6" $/ ) -5 $( P
o
= -5 $
162
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition

o

o
= -5 $;
o
= -5" rpm ) -6.1 rad1s(
-5 $
-6.1 rad1s
o
(
o
= ".055 < m
@12-5". A pair of step p%lleys .=i,. 12-10/ ma!es it possi2le to chan,e o%tp%t speeds merely 2y
shiftin, the 2elt. >f an electric motor t%rns the inp%t p%lley at 2""" rpm, find the possi2le
an,%lar speeds of the o%tp%t shaft. 8he p%lley diameters are -, 6, and * cm.
@12-5". .Cont./ First 'onsi(er t&e 4;in. 6ulle49 w&i'& '+n (rive 4;in.9 - in..9 +n( <;in. out6ut
6ulle4. =+se , &+s (
i
= 4 in. +n( (
o
= 4 in.
(+)
o
(
o
=
i
(
i

i
o i
o
(
(

_

,

i
= 2""" rpm
- in.
.2""" rpm/(
- in.
o

,

o
= 2""" rpm
- in.
.2""" rpm/(
6 in.
o

,

o
= 1+++ rpm
- in.
.2""" rpm/(
* in.
o

,

o
= 1""" rpm
(+) 0e5t we 'onsi(er t&e -;in. 6ulle4 +s t&e in6ut 6ulle4
6 in.
.2""" rpm/(
- in.
o

,

o
= +""" rpm
6 in.
.2""" rpm/(
6 in.
o

,

o
= 2""" rpm
6 in.
.2""" rpm/(
* in.
o

,

o
= 15"" rpm
(') 0e5t we 'onsi(er t&e <;in. 6ulle4 +s t&e in6ut 6ulle4
* in.
.2""" rpm/(
- in.
o

,

o
= -""" rpm
16+
Chapter 12. Simple Machines Physics, 6
th
Edition
* in.
.2""" rpm/(
6 in.
o

,

o
= 2666 rpm
* in.
.2""" rpm/(
* in.
o

,

o
= 2""" rpm
16-