RTE 2009 - Quality Issues - MODULE

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Right to Free and Compulsory Education Act 2009
Quality Issues
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Teachers Handbook
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State Council of Educational Research & Training (S.C.E.R.T),
A.P, Hyderabad.
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1.
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(RTE Act - 2009 - Importance - Awareness)
2.
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(All Round Development of Children - Developing, Knowledge, Abilities, Skills,

Attitudes to the fullest extent )
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(Promoting learning through activiteis, exploration and discovery in a

child centered and child friendly manner)
4.
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(Fear Free Learning Environment - Making children free from fear trauma and
anxiety and helping the child to express views freely)
5.
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(Continuous &Comprehensive Evaluation)
6.
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(School Working Days - Working Hours)
7.
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(School Management Committees)
8.
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(School Development Plan)
9.
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(Monitoring and Reviews)
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1. s+< $< u\\ V #+ ` 2009

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1.1. eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

(Basic Questions - Think and Reflect)
1.2. H|<+ (Context)

1.3. #+ n<j\T ` y{ $es\T
(Sections in the Act and Its details)
1.3.1
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(The frame of the Act, Implementation Dates)
1.3.2
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(Right to Free and Compulsory Elementary Act)
1.3.3
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(Responsibilities of concerned Govt., Local Govts and Parents)
1.3.4
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(Responsibiliteis of Schools and Teachers)
1.3.5
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(Curriculum and Evaluation Reforms - Completion of
Elementary Education)
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(Grievance redressal and Committees)
1.5. & jTe\T ` beD\T

(Rules and Standards to Schools)
1.6. RTE - 2009 neT\T d\T

(RTE - 2009 Indicators of Implementations)
1.7. eTT+| (Conclusion)
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1.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1. b<$T V n+f @$T{? n$ @$?

(What is fundamantal Right? What are these Rights?)
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(What is the difference between fundamental rights and other rights?)
3. |&T b*yT+ $< V> e]+~ eq ~ |\ @$<+> |j>+? B beTTK

@$T? sY.{.. |eTTK n+X$?
(How RTE is helpful to people? What is its significance and What are its highlights? )
4. k |uT+ n+f @$T{? sY.{.. neT\T B u<\T @$T{?

(What are the rights and facilities available through RTE to get quality elementary
education?)
5. HDyTq b*yT+ $<qT b+<+<T sY.{.. <s b+{ neX\T HsTT?

(How RTE facilitate quality elementary education?)
6. sY.{.. neT\T de+ eT]jTT *<+&T\ b @$T{?

(What are the roles and responsibilities of community and parents in the implementation
of RTE?)
7. sY.{.. @ $<+> dV|P] yesD+ >\ bsX\\qT sb+~+#& |]dT+~?

(How does RTE promotes child friendly schools?)
8. sY.{.. 2009 |s+> &T\T eT]jTT b<jTT\ u<$? |\\ HDyTq #<Te
besT u< eV+#*?
(What are the responisibiliteis of schools and teachers as per RTE? Who are accountable
towards children learning achievement?)
9. sY.{.. neT\T eTq eTT+<Tq eTTKyTq deTd\T @$?

(What are the issues before us in implementing the RTE?)
10. sY.{.. |dT |]d @$T{? sY.{.. |s+> @ @ n+X\T bsX\ neT\eTHsTT?
@$ e&+ <T? be& sD$? s\T mesT?
(What is the status of implementation of RTE in our schools? What items are being
implemented and what not and who are responsible? What are the reasons for this?)
11. sY.{.. d]>Z neT\T#j\+f @$T #j*?

(What actions required for effective implementation of RTE?)
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Education Act-2009 n |s= 27 >dT, 2009 sEq >{ <s $&T<\ #d+~. sY.{.`2009
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(h) k |uT+ n+f q>s b\ d+d, < q>s b\ d+|T+ < |]wY < q>s
|+#jTr < |+#jTr, @ |sT |\e&q|{ &MT< |]b\H d++< jT+D
*q d+d ddT+~ < neT\T q # |s+ @<H >eT, |D, q>s+ k
|uT+> | #jT{ n~s+ b+~q d+d ddT+~.
(n) & n+f b<$T $<qT n+<Cd >T]+| b+~q &, B+{ $ +{sTT.
(i) d++~ |uT+ < k |uT+ k|+ < jeq+ < jT+D q
&.
(ii) q KsT yTT+ =+ u>+> dVjT+> d++~ |uT+ < k |uT+
qT+& b+<TTq msTT&& bsX\.
(iii) | eZsD #+~q &.
(iv) q KsT\ d++~ |uT+ < k |uT+ qT+& mTe+{ dVjT+ b+< nH
msTT&& bsX\.
1.3.2 n<jT+ 2: , s+< $< V

(Right to Free and Compulsory Elementary Act)
, s+< $< u\\ V:

3. (1) sT qT+ 14 d+es\T q u\\+<] |]ds b+ bsX\ b<$T $< |P]
#des , s+< $< b+< V +T+~.
(2) du dH (1) |s=qT b<$ T $<qT #|{ |P] #jT & nes< + > +& mTe+{
sTdT+, #\T, KsT\qT #*+#*q neds+ u\\ <T.
b<$T $< qy<T #sTT+#T= < |P] #jT u\\ | @sT:
4. sT @ +&q u\T&T/ u*qT & #sbsTTH, < #]q sy b<$T $<qT |P]
#jTbsTTH y] y] ejTdT q s> #sTy*:
nsTT, eT ejTdT q s> |yX+ b+~q u\\T {y] deq+> +&{
dbsdT #dq |<, dbsdT #dq \|]~ | D b+< V * +{sT.
11
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
ys & ~ V:
5. (3) ys & |yX+ b+<& n|{es #~$q & |<Hb<jTT\T < & H#]
y+H ~ <TMsD | y*:
nsTT, ~ <TMsD |+ e&+ \d+ nsTT+<q~ ys & |yX+
ebe&, \d+> #sTe& sD+> #|& <T
nsTT, <TMsD |+ e+ Cb sDyTq |<Hb<jTT\T < &
H#], y] e]+# <> jTe\ |s+ eTD #s\ <T\esT.
1.3.3 n<jT+ 3: d++~ |uT+ ` k |uT+ ` *<+&T\ u<\T

(Responsibilities of concerned govt., Local govt.s and Parents)
] s u<\qT |+#Te&+:
7. (6) +< |uT+`
(a) dH 29 |s=q, n&$T n<]{ dVjT+ CrjT bs |D[ #{ jsT #dT+~
(b) {#s D beD\qT sb+~+, neT\T njT #dT+~.
(c) = $wsD\T, |]X<q
\T, |D[ j , keTs + |+|<\qT bV+#& sh |uT \
k+ eT<TqT, eqsT\qT n+<CdT+~.
d++~ |uT u<\T:
8 (a) u\\+<] , s+< b<$T $<qT n+<CdT+~.
(i) 6 qT+ 14 d+es\ ejTdT q u\\+<] +> b<$T $<qT n+~+#&+
(ii) 6 qT+ 14 d+es\ ejTdT q u\\T |d]> & #], & Vse,
b<$T $<qT |P] #d #&+
(b) dH 6 |s=q$<+> |]ds b++ & n+<TuT +& #&&+
(c) \Vq esZ\, |L\ |]dT\qT m<Ts=+Tq +<\ #+~q |\\T @$<yTq $e
>T]+&, b<$T $<qT #|{, |P] #jT&+ @ sD+> L& +\T +&
#&+
(d) bsX\ ueq+, u<H d+~, u<H |]s\ dV eT* d<Tbj\qT *+#+
(e) dH 4 |s=q$<+> | D ks\qT *+#&+
(g) w& |s=q jTe\T, beD\ nqT>TD+> HDyTq b<$T $< n+<TuT
+& #&&+
(h) b<$T $< bs |D[qT, sT\qT d\+ dbsdT #jT&+
(i) {#s D ks+ *+#+.
k |uT u<\T:
9 |k |uT+:
(d) dbsdT #dq $<+> eT |]~ eddTq 14 @ |* u\\+<] ]sT\qT sV+#&+
12
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
(e)
| u\T&T < u* & |yX+ b+~, VsT ne, b<$T $<qT |P] #d
|sy+#&+
(f) bsX\ ueq+, u<H d+~, u<H |]s\ dV eT* d<Tbj\qT *+#+
(g) dH 4 |s=q $<+> | D ks\qT *+#&+
(k) e\d T+u\ |\\T & |yX+ b+< #&+
(l) eT |]~ &T\ |rsTqT |sy+#&+
(m) $< +&sYqT ssTT+#&+.
|Ps bsX\ $<:
11.eT&T d+es\ $T+q u\\qT b<$T $< d+d<T\qT #jT&, s +& es
u\\+<] XXe <X d+sD, $< n+~+#& Te+{ |\\ |Ps bsX\ $<qT
n+~+#& nedsyTq @sqT d++~ |uT+ #j*.
1.3.4 n<jT+ 4: &T\T, b<jTT\ u< \T (Responsibilities of Schools and Teacehrs)

s+< $< &T\ u<, |]~:
12 (c) dH 2, E (n), du E (iii) |s=q &T\T |]ds b+\ #+~q \Vq esZ\T,
|L\ |]d T \qT m<Ts=+Tq +<\ #+~q u\\ e s> $<sT\ d+K
25% b<$T $< |P] #d+ es , s+< $<qT n+<Cj*.
(3) d+<s{ d++~ |uT < k |uT nedseTjT de#s | &
n+~+#*.
& |yX m+| $<q+, |fwH sTdT+ +&L&<T.
13 (1) u\T&T/ u*qT & #sTe{ &> < besH e> |fwH sTdT+ ed\T
#jTL&<T. u\T&T/u*qT < y] *<+&T\qT < y] d+s\qT bTe+{ b+|
$<H >T] #jTL&<T.
(2) du dH (1) |s=q n+X\ $sT<+> @ & nsTTH, < e nsTTH
(c) |fwH sTdT+ ed\T #d < |~s es ]eH +|&e#T.
(d) u\T&T/ u*qT b+| $<H >T]#d yTT<{k] | 25,000 sbjT\T,
sy |k] | s.50,000\ ]eH $~+#e#T.
& |yX sd]+#L&<T:
15. $<d+es+ yTT<\T nsTTq|&T < dbsdT #dq >&Te |+q \+ | u\\qT &
#sTy*.
nsTT, |+q >&Te sTy u\T&T / u* |yX+ ] < sd]+#L&<T.
nsTT >&Te sTy |yX+ b+~q u\\T d++~ |uT+ dbsdT #dq $<+> eT
#<eqT |P]#j*.
13
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
n< s> eT =qk+#&+, &qT+ rdyjT&+ w<+:

16 & |yX+ b+~q u\\qT b<$T $< |P] njT es @ s>HH eT
=qk+#L&<T. & qT+ rdyjTL&<T.
u\\qT Xs+> +#+, eqd+> y~+#+ w<+:
17 (1) @ u\T&T / u*qT L& Xs L, eqd y~+|\ >T] #jTL&<T.
&T\ jTe\T, beD\T:
19 (1) w& |s=q jTe\T, beD\T |P]#jT+& dH 18 +< @ & @sT
#jTL&<T. >T]+|qT eL&<T.
(2) #+ @s& eTT+< k|+|&, sV+|&TTq & w& |s=q jTe\T,
beD\qT |P] #jTb #+ neT\T eq ~ qT+ eT&T d+es\|
jTe\T, beD\qT |P]#jT& q k+ KsT\ #s\T #|{*.
(5) >T]+| s<T nsTTq sTy L& @ e nsTTH & q&| \ sbjT\ es ]eH
$~+#e#T. y \+|Tq + =qk>TTqsTT n+{ | sE |~ y\
sbjT\ es ]eH $~+#e#T.
& jeq d+|T+:
21 (1) dH 2, E (n) du E (iv) |s=q &T\qT $TqVsTT+ $T*q &T\ k
|uT bsTTq |C |<T\, & #<TeTq u\\ *<+&T\T < d+s\T,
b<jTT\ & jeq d+| @sT #j*.
nsTT, Te+{ d+|T+ H*Z+ d+ eT&T e+T\ duT\T *<+&T\T <
d+s\T nsTTe+&*.
nsTT \Vq esZ\T, |L\ |]dT\qT b<Ts=+Tq +<\ |\\ *<+&T\T
< d+s\ <ec |< b<+ *+#*.
nsTT d+|T duT\ 50 X+ eTV\T +&*.
(2) & jeq d+|T+ +~ $<T\qT s]dT+~.
(a) & | rsTqT |sy+#&+
(b) & n_e~ |D[qT jsT#d, dbsdT #jT+.
(c) d++~ |uT+, < k |uT+ < @ s eqsT\qT+ nsTTH n+~q <T\
$j> |sy+#&+.
(d) dbsdT #dq s <T\qT s]+#&+.
& n_e~ |D[:
22 dH 21, du dH (1) |s+ @s&q | & jeq d+|T+ dbsdT #dq $<+> &
n_e~ |D*qT jsT #j*.
{#sT> jeT ns\T, <> wsT\T, +<q\T:
23 (1) +< |uT+ |q <s nB+ #dq n&$T d+d s]+q d ns\T q @ e
nsTTH {#sT> jT$T+|&{ nsT\T.
14
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
{#sT $<T\T, deTd\ |]cs+:

24 (1) dH 23 du dH (1) |s+ jT$TTq {#sT +< |s=q $<T\qT s]+#*.
(a) & VsT e+ deTj eT< b{+#*.
(b) dH 29 du dH (2) n+X\ |s+ bs+X\qT #|{, |P]#j*.
(c) s] deTjT+| bs+X\+{ |P] #j*.
(d) | u\T&T / u* HsTH keTs n+#H yd, nedsyT < nqT>TD+> n<q|
u<qqT n+~+#*.
(e) *<+&T\T, d+s\ eT+ |+& deyX\T sV+ u\\ VsT eT<,
ysT HsTH keTs+, HsTe&+ y] |>, y] d++~+q s de#s
|+#Ty*.
(2) du dH (1) |s=q $<T\qT s]+#&+ {#sT $|\yT y] e]+# <> +<q\
|s+ eTD #s >TssT.
nsTT, Te+{ eTD #s rdTH eTT+<T {#sY q y<q $|+#&
HjTyTq neX y*.
(3) {#s +& @ deTd\HH d+q |< |]w]ksT.
$<] ` {#s w:
25 (1) #+ neT\T eq sT H\\| w& s]+q $<sT\T ` {#s w |
&q +& d++~ |uT+ < k |uT+ #&*.
$<s |qT\ {#sqT |+|+| w<+:
27. |~ d+es\ k] ]> Hu >Dq, y|\ dVjT $<T\T, < bsyT+T, sw
Xedq du, k |uT\ ]> b\ d++~+q $<T\qT $TqVsTT+ {#sqT @
s $<s |qT\ |+|L&<T.
{#s |yT wq| w<+:
28. @ {#sT L& |yT wqqT, |yT u<H |qT\qT #|>&<T.
1.3.5 n<jT+ 5: bs |D[, eT+q d+dsD\T ` b<$T $<qT |P] #jT+

(Curriculum and Evaluation - Completion of Elementary Education)
29 (1) d++~ |uT+ |q <s nB+ #dq n&$T d+d b<$T $< bs|D[,
eT+q $<H s]dT+~.
(2) dudH (1) |s+ bs|D[qT, eT+q $<H s]+#|&T, nB n&$T
d+d +~ n+X\qT |]>Dq rdT+T+~.
(a) sC+>+ b+<T |]q $\Te\ nqT>TD+> +&*.
(b) u\\ dseTTU_e~ s>*
(c) u\\ Cq+, keTs\T, H|D\qT |+b+~+#*.
15
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
(d)
u\\ |P] keTs+ yTs Xs, eqd X\T n_e~ #+<*.

(e) |\\qT +<+> #dT y] nqTyq $<H se\T, |]X<q qT>=q+ <s
HsTy*.
(f) #sD k<yTq+ es u<H e<eT+ u\\ e uw> +T+~.
(g) ujT+, +<q e+{ y{ qT+ u\\qT $eTT+ #d ysT eT uy\qT d#>
e]+#+ dVjT|&*.
(h) CH u\\T ns+
#dT q $<q+, < nqsTT+# keTs +| s+s deT> eT+q+
s>*.
| b<$T $< |P] nsTTqT <TMsD |+:
30 (1) b<$T $< |P] njT es u\\T bTe+{ usT | VsT e\dq neds+ <T.
(2) u\T&T < u* b<$T $< |P]#dq sTy d+q |s+ y] q $<q+,
|< <MsD |+ C #ksT.
1.4 |s<T\ |]cs+ ` d\V d+|\T

(Grievance redressel and Committees)
32 (1) dH 31 |s=q < d++<+ +& #+ +< u\\q V d++~+ @

eH @<H |s<T +f d+~ k |uT * |Ps+> *jTCjTe#T.
(3) $wjT+ k |uT sjT+ u< >Tsq @ e nsTTH d+<s { u\\ V\
d+sD sw MTwH >, < |s=q s n<]{\ n|\T #dTe#T.
CrjT d\V d+|T+ @sT:
33 (1) |q <s |~VqT eT+~ $T+#+& nedseT|+q+ eT+~ CrjT d\V d+|
@sT#d, b<$T $<, u\\ n_e~ Cq+, yd$ nqTue+ q e\qT+ duT\qT
+< |uT+ jT$T+#*.
(2) CrjT d\V d+|T + q $<T \ u>+> #+ n+X\qT deTs+ > neT\T#d $<H\|
+<|uT d\V\T dT+~.
sw d\V d+|T+ @sT:
34 (1) |q <s |~VqT eT+~ $T+#+& nedseT|+q+ eT+~ sw d\V d+|
@sT #d, b<$T $<, u\\ n_e~ Cq+, yd$ nqTue+ q e\ qT+ duT\qT
sh |uT+ jT$T+#*.
(2) sw d\V d+|T+ q $<T\ u>+> #+ n+X\qT deTs+> neT\T#d $<H\|
sw |uT d\V\T dT+~.
16
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
1.5 & jTe\T, beD\T (Rules and Standards to Schools)

. d+
1
n+X+
jTe\T, beD\T
b< j T T\ #sTq |\\ d+K

d+K
nsy es
{#sT d+K
` <sT
` eTT>TsT
n) 1 qT+& nsy { qT+ =+u es
5e s> =+u { qT+ q sy es ` q\T>TsT
es
q sy { qT+ s+&T e+<\ ` nsTT<T>TsT G
es
V&edsY
150 $T+
200\ $T+
) 6 qT+& | 1) | s> {#s T +&,

s>T\T
+~ n+X\
` |< Hb<jTT\T
+& $<] ` {#s
w 40 $T+#L &<T .)
d+ {#s T
+&*. b$T<e
s> es
i)
$CqXd+ , \T
ii) ke Xd+
iii) uw\T
2) | eTT| nsTT<T eT+~ $<sT\ d+ {#s T
3) #sT q |\\ d+K e+< $T+ qsTT
i) |P] \ |< Hb<jTT\T
ii) +~ n+X\ bsYf
y T u< \T
A)
B) s>+, yjeT $<

C) e$<
17
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
n+X+
. d+
2 ueq+
4
5
6
7
jTe\T, beD\T
n \ nqTyq ue q+
1) | {#sT d+ s> >~, s\jT+, ><eTT,
|< Hb<jTT\ >~
2) $+>T\ |yX nqTe> +&*.
3) &|\ \ T, eT> |\\ ysT > eTsT>T<=&T
4) |\\ +<] d]bjT+ s eT+{ ks +
5) & eT<V| uq+ e+&{ e+ >~
6) d\ +
7) d]V<T> & < +# & ue H u < @sT
1) 1 qT+ 5e s> es 200 |~H\T
2) 6 qT+ 8e s> es 220 |~H\T
3) 1 qT+ 5e s> es $< d+es+ 800 u<H >+\T
4) 6 qT+ 8e s> es $< d+es+ 1000 u<H
>+\T
$<
d+es+
d
|~H\T/
u<H >+\
d+K
{#s ys u<q d+ 45, j n<q| >+\T
d |>+\T
u<H
| s> neds+ yTs n+<#j
*.
|]s\T
>+<\jT+
~q|, |\T, n bs $wj \| |d \T, <\ |d \T n+~+#
>+<\jT+ |& +&*.
\T, &\ | s> neds+ yTs n+<#j
*.
d++~+q
keT
1.6 sY.{.`2009 neT\T d\T (RTE-2009 Indicators of Implementation)

sY.{.. ` 2009 #+ neT\T sT>TTq bsX\ +~ n+X\T #sD ksTT.
` bsX\ sY.{..`2009 w& $e]+q $<+> q d+K b<jTT\T, s>
><T\T, ed ks\T yTT<\>Tq$ +{sTT.
` #+ |s=q $<+> | b<jTT&T ys d+ 45 >+\T bsX\ |#k&T.
+<T nqT>TD+> \ssTT |{ $es\qT b+<T|sTksT.
` b<jTT\T eTq nbV\T =\+#T= u\\ V\ <<+ |#ksT. Cq+ n+f
de#s+ <, n~ > nqTuy \T, #q\ <s qeTeT+< u$ksT . +<TqT>TD+>
|\\qT +|Cd, |#s\T, u>keT+ #d u<Hudq |jT\T sVksT.
18
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` |\ s> y>, d y> s]+q keTs\ k<q w #ksT.

` |\ #q H|D\T nq> |d+~+# H|D\T, $Xw+ ydy\T >V+# H|D\T,
VQD +# H|D\T, dH+> +#&+ e+{$ |+b+~ksT. M{ <w
|T= u<Hudq |jT\ sVD +T+~.
` b<jTT\T bs |D[\T sb+~+#T=, q d+d< u<H u dq |jT \T sVksT .
` |\ dV+> +& X keTs\T nq> b\&+, eZ]+#&+, $XwD, |+#&+, ssD
e+{ keTs\T eT]+ e~ #+<, M{ <s+> nse ++> HsT H u<H u dq |jT \T
+{sTT.
` | bsX\ bsX\ n_e~ |D[ +T+~.B |s+ se\T neT\esTT.
` <s u\\ ds eTTU_e~ w #ksT . n+f bs , dV bs $wj \ deq b<q
se\qT neT\T|sTksT.
` bsX\ bsX\ jeq $T{\ <s+ H\=k] *<+&T\ deyX\T, bsX\
e]+> deT+> sT>TT+~.
` bsX\ |]~ &&T |\\+<s bsX\ #] $<quddT+{sT.
` bsX\ |\\qT+& b+{ |E\T ed\T #jTsT.
` bsX\ |\\T b|&T eH #sT= ejTdT >Z s> e*q keTs\ k<q =s
b<jTT\T u< eV+ | D ys+ =qk> #ksT.
` bsX\ <+&q\T, <wD\T +& |\\+<] |eT |Ps+> eeV]+# yesD+
+T+~. |\\+<sT d#> e{&sT. |ksT. eT n_bj\qT #TsT.
` |\\+<sT u>keTT\jT <s |< u<Hudq |jT\T sVksT. | u\T&T,
u* s> #+~q keTs\T b+<TsT. B b<jTT\T, |<Hb<jTT\T u<
eVksT.
` u\\ dseTTU_e~, u\\ Cq+, keTs\T, H|D\T |P]> |+|<\.
` #<Te yqT&q |\\ n<q| deTjT+ s>T\qT sVksT.
` ujTsV, <+&q bsX\ yesD+ +T+~. |\\ eT uy\qT d#> e]+#&+.
` |\\ CH, < nqsTT+# X s+ss>, deT>+> eT+q+ <s n+#H yksT.
` +<Td+ b<jTT |X|\qT sb+~+#T= neT\T|sTksT.
` @ s> L& |\\qT *|yjT&+ < bsX\qT+& =\+#&+ e+{$ n>T|+#e.
` bsX\ |\\ nedsyTq s>><T\T, >TsT, eTsT>T<=&T yTT<\>T d ks\T
*+#*.
1.7 eTT+| (Conclusion)

bH <Xu\qT+& dTq $< n+<sT |\\ T b+<& nedsy T q n+X\ sY.{..`2009
#+ s|+ eTq eTT+<T=#sTT. $ b<$T $<qT b<$T V> n+<] n+<TuT
e# #jT & |] ksTT. n+X\qT neT\T|s |\\ +<s HDyTq $<qT n+~+# #jT &+
eTq u<. M{ d++~+q eT] $es\qT <T|] n<j $|\+> #]<+.
19
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
2. u\\ dseTTU_e~ - u\\ Cq+ ` keTs\T ` H|D\T,

yKsT\T |P]> |+b+~+#T
(All Round Development of Children - Developing, Knowledge, Abilities,
Skills, Attitudes to the fullest extent )
2.1
eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

2.2
2.3
2.4
H|<+ (Context)
]\yT ` Xj\T (Curriculum Goals)
RTE ` 2009 - u\\ n_e~
(RTE - 2009 - Child Development)
2.5
u\\ dseTTU_e~ ` |dT |]d

(All Round Development of Children - Existing Situtation)
2.6
u\\ Cq+, keTs\T, H|D\T, yKsT\T d+|P]> |+b+~+#&+

(Development of children knowledge, abilities, skills, values and attitudes
to the fullest extent)
2.7
u\\ dseTTU_e~ ` n_e~ s+>\T

(All round development of children - Developmental areas)
2.7.1
2.7.2
2.7.3
2.7.4
2.7.5
2.7.6
2.8
Xs n_e~ (Physcial Development)

yT<|syTq \+ (Intellectual Development)
k+|T_e~ (Social Development)
<> n_e~ (Emotional Development)
H $\Te\ n_e~ (Moral Development)
k+<s dV (Aesthetic Development)
|\\ dseTTU_e~ ` bsX\ b

(All-round development of children - Reole of the school)
2.9
|\\ dseTTU_e~ ` b<jTT\ b

(All-round development of children - Reole of the teacher)
2.10 u\\ dseTTU_e~ ` neT\T d\T

(All round development of children - indicators of implementation)

20
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
u<q ` nudq+
b<jTT&T u~k&T. |\\T HsT=+{sT. {#sT n \TdT. |\\MT *jT<T.
+#y&T b<jTT&T. +# | |\\T {#sT n|#|sT.eTD >]|~
{#s T . < b{+# y $<sT\ T. {#s T m+| #d nedsy T q < neT\T#k&T . $<sT\ T
< #]ksT. b<jTT&T #dy&T. |\\T n #s\ <s eTT #dTHeT
ueT|&TT+{sT. b<jTT&T se* sb+~k&T. |\\T eT+<T @ |yTjT+
H y{ b{ksT . n{+ f $T+ b<jTT&T q $Cq+| +&*q n~]q T,
e|syTq n~s+ \>|\>+ #k&T. eTq $<|jT b<jTT&T s. $<sT\T
e\+ s\T. $<sT\T e\+ $CqeTH kT &b{ #dT=HysT $< $<q+
$<sT\T m>H dsT=b>\, mesH jT+D #jT>\ Je\T. eT Ts M+
de#s eT#dT =+{s n+> b|+ <<+ qT+ <seTesT. y+> eTMT<
sT<& | < n+^]d bs n+> ||+#+ dsTbe&+ HsT=+{sT.
s+, #s s+s+ |\TD\qT+ =qk>*+< nHwD, |qsHwD\ qT+& eyT
$Cq+ $ddT+~. n$X+, nq+ CdH eTw ||+# nqTD+ ns+#dT+
|s>$Tk&T. s> >~ $<] <e\d+~ nHwD, Cd. m #s|#s\
ks+XyTH <.
` (kq+.... #<Te)
$<e+T\+ bsX \ eT]+ ks e++> m r]~<> \ e nH de #sT.

n~ |sq ^ ewjT eTsTTH, < bNq usrjT >TsT\yTH < <X + eTw
nTq ksTT $< n+<~+#&y T . ||+ #eT+{, n H>] d+ ejTdT<
|\\ deT>D e& bsX \ e+{<+ T+&\ eqe de+ qeT e+~.
bsX \ n+f @$T{? >TsTy? |\y &? u<H ? nu dqe? ey j
T &e? n~ = |>+\
|j ? nV]X\T =qk>TT+& n|s| dV Jeqe?
|X \ de<H\T e. +<T | n+X+ MT< m+ #s ]+~. mH
y<$y<\T. mHH |j >\T ]>sTT. sT>TTHsTT. + mH s>u THsTT.
$wjT + e+ n |j >\, n+<sT $<y\ H n_bjT|&sT . bsX \
$<] deT>_e~ &&e\d +T+<. deT> n_e~ n+f, e\+ |\y & Xs <
T~ < V<j eyT D e&+ <T. n~ @\+ |\y & deTd X n_e~
|s# e \d +T+<H | $<y u$d e#&T. q $<] @< d $<qTuy d
#\ @ $<y u$+qT q&<T . |> $<qTue + n+ b |]ds, n+
dV d<+ > y q>&\H m+<s $<y\ T sTHsT. |\y & *dyT \d n=
qq Jeq <<e&+ dTBsy T q , dV qo\ |jT nH ysT u$+#sT.
` y&e qMsu <T&T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
21
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
2. u\\ dseTTU_e~
(All-round Development of the Children)
2.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1. u\\ dseTTU_e~ n+f @$T{?(What is allround development of children?)

2. $< \\T @$T{? @ Xj\ k<q d+ bsX\ |#dT+~?
(What are the goals and aims of education. for what purpose do the school serve?)
3. |dT+ u\\ dseTTU_e~ |]d @$T{?

(What is the present status on all-round development of children?)
4. +~ n+X\T m sb+~k+? (How to formulate the following items?)

1. ]\+ eT]jTT nudq n+X\T (Curriculam and learning areas)
2. HDyTq u<qudH $<H\T.(Quality teaching learning process)
3. {#sY HD, b<jTT j] eT]jTT s> >~ sVD.
(Quality of teacher, teacher preparation and classroom management)
4. HDyTq s> >~ sVD. (Quality of classroom management.)

5. eT+q+ HD n+f @$T{? eT+q+ nH~ |\\T HsTe& @ $<+>
<V<|&TT+~?(What is quality in assessmenet? How it supports learning?)
2.2 H|<+ (Context)

u\\ ds eTTU_e~ ` sw <<+ :
sT\qT d]> ns+ #dT+ u<jTTyTq bsT\T> |\\+<s m<>&
q |eD\T >\ HDyTq $<qT sb+~+#*. |\\ y |]ds\ | ne>Vq
+& < >T]+ y $eTsH+> +#*. |\\ T X<> $H*. sj
T +> e{&*. #~$qB,
$qB ns+ #dT y*. y{ >T]+ |+#>\ >*. dV|P]yT q dV nu dq yesD+ |\\ T
eT n_bj\qT d#> e ] +#+<T, d+<V e #dT H+<T b<jTT\T <V<|& *.
|\\ H| D\qT |+b+~d nse +yT q u<H u dq |jT \T sV+#*. b<jTT\T de+
qT+& HsT y*. HsT q < s> >~ nqsTT+#*. bsX \ eT<H ueq *< + &Tq,
de+q +&*. y bsX \ sb bZH*. j+, u, b{ +, |\TTq
||+ #+ dV s+, |d+<q, eqMjT, H $\Te\ bsX \\T kq+ *+#*.
|dT + u\\ ds eTTU_e~ @ sy T q ]\+ eTq+ m+#TH+? m neT\T #dT H +?
neT\T|s# *q b<jTT\T eT]jTT n~sT\ e|s y T q ne>Vq, <<+ eT]jTT n+u e+
m q~? M{|H |\\ n_e~, $d+ <s|& HsTT.
22
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
+<Td+ eTq sh+ #|{ q #s \T:

bsX \ $< |\\ ds eTTU_e~ d+ +~ n+X\qT L& bs $wj \>H |]>D+
M{ L& <s| \qT, bs |D[ (syllabus)qT sb+~+#sT. b<jTT\ sB |\ T L&
j seTHsTT. n$:
- Xs, s> $< (Physical, Health Education)
- \ T, k+d $< (Arts, Cultural Education)
- |, +|PsY $< (Work, Computer Education)
- $\Te\ $<, Jeq H| D\T (Value Education, Life Skills)
sh $< |D[ #+, 18 <s| \T (M{ mdt.d..sY.{ yud{ www.apscert.in
#&e#T
-m.|.mdt.d.m|`t 2011
|\\ T n s+> Xs, yT<|sy T q , H , k+|T , k+<s n+X n_e~ k~+#&
u\\ ds eTTU_e~ n+{sT.
2.3 ]\+ ` Xj \T (Curriculum Goals)

1. bsX \\T k~+#*q $< \T @$? (Aims of Education)
2. \\qT k~+#& m+{ nqTuy \qT *+#*? (Syllabus, Content, Experiences)
3. $< nqTuy \qT m nse ++> sV+#*. (Classroom Environment, Methods of
teaching, Classroom management )
4. $< \qT k~+qT> m s]+#Ty*? (assesment)

$< \\T +~ |X \ q ne>Vq *ksTT.
|\\ T bsX \ m+<T sy*? (Why should a child come to school?)
*< + &T\T eT |\\ qT bsX \ m+<T eT+ | +& = d+es\bT |+|+#*?
(Why should a parent send their children to school regularly on for a sufficient long period of
time)
|uT + &T\qT m+<T q&|d T + ~? (Why should the Government run the schools ?)
bsX \\ b<q\T @yT +&*? (What should be the priorities of these schools)
bsX \\T @$T #j *? de+ bsX \ b @$T? (What can schools do? and what is
their possible role in the society?)
$< jTT \ + @$T{? (What is the purpose of education?)

]\+ jTT Xj \T:
` |\\ +<s q ksTT >TD $< b+<*.
` sT \ | d+~+# yK sT\qT * +& u< jTTyT q bsT> $<sT\ T sb+<*.
23
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` |\\ +<s deT>+>, ds eTTU_e~ b+<* n+f Xs, yT<|sy T q , <>, H |s+ >
n_e~.
` eT |]ds\ | |]Cq+ * +& $eTsH+> |]ds\ | +#>\ >*.
` u\\ |P] keTs + yTs Xs eqd keTs\T n_e~ #+<*. u\\ Cq+, u\\
keTs +, H| D\T, yK sT\T n_e~ #+<*.
` C>, o\ sD+, H| D deTTbsq , dV Jeq d+d yTT<\>Tq$ sD+ s>*.
` u\\T C>> $, + sj
T +> e{&> \ >*.
` $q<, #~$q < ne>Vq #dT y*.
` |+# eTqd +, d#> n_bj\qT e ] +# $<+ > |+b+~+#*.
` j+, u, b{ + |sT>TTq |dT sT D+, |d+<q, dV s >TD\ bsX \
#T *+#*.
` eqMjT H $\Te\T |+b+~+#*. sC+> $<T \T, eqe V\T, |\\ V\ neT\T|s# *.
` $<] qqT qT \TdTy*.
` k+d _q+, $$< d+dT\ eT< d++< >s$+#*, |+#*. |\\ $$< sq
H| D\T nq> \ T, d+^+, q+, , s+>T\T yjT &+, \T &T, Jeq H| D \T
|+b+~+#*.
` JyesD+, Jey$ < + | ne>Vq d+<q |+b+~+#*.
` $< nH~ $y#q+ =s nq> nD#& rsT, n s\ $e \ T nq> d, |sTw deq+,
\T, de+ deq+ yTT<\>T y{| ne>Vq.
` |CkeT $<H \|]# $<+ > |CkeT $\Te\T |+# $<+ > B =qk+# $<+ >
+&*.
` |\\ qT ]+> T\H+> +# $<+ > j sT #j *. #H H| D\qT |+#*.
` XeT $\TeqT >T]+#, XeT #d $<+ >, u< \T rdT=H $<+ >, eT+ eqe eqsT>
|\\ qT $de+T\T> #d, ds eTTU_e~ b+<&+ $<\ +.
2.4 sY.{.`2009 ` u\\ n_e~ (RTE-2009
- Child Development)
n_e~ #+<&+ nH~ |\\ V. u\\ V J$+# V, d+s+ #& V, u>keT|

V, n_e~ #+< V nH |< qyTq V\T HsTT. ||+ #+ u\\+<] $ e]ksTT. u\\+<s
n_e~ #+<& j <X\T n+srjT y~\| q #s \T #|& eT L& #bsTT.
|\\ +<s J$+#& nedsy T q bwVs+, >TsT, s>sy T q , |]Xuy T q |]ds\T/
yesD+ * +&&+ . u <, |eT|PsyT q d# yesD+ * +&&+ , |\\ n_e~ &&
bs , dV bs se\+{ bZq&+ e+{$ |\\ V\T. e deT+> ]q|& |\\ +<s
24
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
n_e~ k~+#>\ TZsT. u\\ V H\T>T L& < +={ |u $+ #dT + ~. n+<T
u\\ ds eTTU_e~ u\\ V\ D+ ns+ #dT y*q nedse TT+~.
u\\+<s ds eTTU_e~ k~+#&+ nH~ eTq <X+ s+< $<V #+ `2009
<s # <y T + ~. sY.{..`2009 dH (29) du dH (2) u\\+<s $< <s ds eTTU_e~
k~+# $< |D[\T, bs |D[\T, bs |d \T, eT+q $<H\T +&\ |s=q~.
u\\ ds eTTU_e~ d+ $< $wjT nB d+d (Academic Authority) +~ n+X\|
<w |{ $< |D[\T, bs |D[\T, eT+q $<H\T +&\ RTE-2009 d++~. n$:
- sC+>+ b+<T|]q $\Te\T
<: deq+, d#, ku+, keTy<+, y <+, |CkeT+ yTT$.
- u\\ ds eTTU_e~
- u\\ Cq+, keTs\T, H| D\T, yK sT\T.
- u\\ |P] keTs + yTs Xs, eqd X \ n_e~.
bsX \ nH~ u\\ deT> m<T>T<\ @sT #dq +<+. |\ @< keTs
n_e~|s &+ <s > < = $wj \ |]$TyT y{ k~+#&+ e\ > $< jTT \ +
Hsy s < T . u\\ c\T, d \ T y] n_e~|] # s+>\qT >T]+, y{ bZH #jT &+, n+<T
nedsy T q sb\qT bsX \ sV+q|& u\\ ds eTTU_e~ sT>TT+~.
u\+ |\\ m<T>T<\ && <X. deTjT+ |\\ u V]+#$<+ > bsX \
yesD+, |rsT +f, ~ |\\ | re |u y #| u\\ n_e~ s~dT + ~. n+<T u\\
ds eTTU_e~ s>& nedsy T q n s+> se\T sV+#&*. +<Td+ +~ s+>\|
<w |{*.
u\\ ds eTTU_e~ s+>\T
` Xs n_e~, yT<|sy T q n_e~
` k+|T n_e~
` <> n_e~
` H $\Te\ n_e~
` k+<s dV
2.5 u\\ dseTTU_e~ ` |dT |]d
(All Round Development of Children -
Existing Situtation)
`
25
$< jTT |ses+ |\ T, esT\T, s+\T> e]+~.

C| X |+ #& |]$TyT q |\ $<H\T.
e\+ bs $wj \T n+f uw\T, >D + , keq, k+|T Xk\ b<q.
|\\ n_e~ && $\Te\T, n_sT #T\T, \T, | e+{ n+X\T bsX \ qTeTsT> q $.
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
- *< + &T\ <w L& \T, b\T, <\ T, yjeT+, |#jT &+ e+{$ #<T e u>+
<, M{ e\ eT |\\ #<T e\T <+{jT u$+#&+ .
- q+<+> &TH kjT+\+ (|\\ deTjT+), +{| (home work)H, |\ d+
#<e &, wq , d& d+s y& |]$TyT + ~.
- |\\ T *< + &T\ ] yTs #<e &+.
- T b<jTT\T, nT *< + &T\T.... n+<s L& |\\ eTqdT+T+<, y]
#q\T, d \ T +{jT eT], eTwy T q / q n+X\qT \e+q sT<T T HsT. |\\ qT
jT+\T> esTdTH sT.
- M{ &T |eD\ |sT sTy q #<T e\T n+f (IIT) +>\ |sT | s> T #<y *q
y{ nsy T H , H \e+q +~ s> T H #<e &+.
` <jT + +~ yTT<\T s |&T H es |d \ #T, y{ n+X\qT yT< e&
deTj ydTH sT.
` M{ |u e+ e\ |\ s> deTd\T, |esH deTd\T qeTTHsTT. &, +<q
>Ts qq eTTbe&+, d + >, d +> +&&+ . d+~+# >TD+ e&+ sT>TTq~.
` M{ <w |T= eTq sh+ APSCF-2011qT sb+~+ eTq sh << sdTH+.
2.6 u\\ Cq+, keTs\T, H|D\T, $\Te\T, yKsT\T, d+|P]> |+b+~+#&+

(Development of children knowledge, abilities, skills, values and attitudes to the fullest
extent)
u\\ Xs, eqd, k+|T, H, yT<|s, uy<>, k+<s dV e+{ n+X\

n_e~ u\\ dseTTU_e~ nqe#TqT. u\\T d> nud+#&+, ujTsV yesD+
u>keTT\e&+ <s u\\ ds eTTU_e~ k< eTeT+~. u\\qT u$ e T bsT\T> sb+~+
e T Jeq $<H &&< $<. u\\ Xs, eqd n_e~ &&TqT> bsX \ se\T
+&*. u\\ n+sZ X\qT, keTs\qT y*rd $<+> u<Hudq |jT\T sV+#*.
1. u\\ Cq+ (Kno wledge):
~ de#s+ <T. |d \ < > & T \~ C| + +#T= ] n|C| &+ <T.

|d \ |X \qT, yT\qT > & T / d& y T {sTT e+{$ #d sjT&+ <T. CqeT+f > qTuy \
<s+> eT #q\ qT+& <$ +#~. ~ ne>Vq e#T. $ e#T < e#T,
drsD e#T. Cq+ nH~ n du \ +&<T . j du duy { +T+~.
{ uw <\ T sjT&+, nqTuy \T sjT&+, H<\T sjT&+, $\T, > j\T e+{ eeVs
sb +f >D + d\T, d++<\T s|D\T e+{ s|+ +T+~. dq T ueq\T,
ne>Vq, d<+\T, k<sD \ e+{ sb +T+~. k+|T + eqe eT< d++<\T,
eqe JeH |u $+ #d n+X\qT >T]+#&+ , $\Te\ $se+, #{\T, ke TuT, e+{
26
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
sb +T+~. { Cq sD+ ]H HsT e&+ ]+< u$+#*. $e]+#&+ , #~$+#&+ ,

#d sjTeTq&+ e yjT &+ e+{ nss V $<H\ <s Cq sD+ sT><T . +<Td+ \T,
bC \ T, nHwD\T, qT>=q&+ e+{ X +B $<H\ <s u<H u dq |jT qT nse ++>
sV+#*.
CqeTH~ de#s+ b+<&+ <T. Cq+ #q\, nqTu T\ d+>eT+, {| & + , |qXsD
#dT e&+ <s |\y &T b+< de#s eTq+ Cq+ n sT # u$ksT . CqeT+f ~ <T.
CqeTH~ $<] e&~ <T. ~ nqTue + <s djT+> ]+#TH~. |\\ T djT+> |
#TsT q b bw+ eT+ eTT #d, #d CH b+<*. u\\T $wj <sTT+| #d
C| + #dq $wj \qT |X \ <s q<TqT> ] #| +#&+ Cq+ <T. B <s |\y
$<e+T #jT &+> u$+#e TT. HsT H $<q+, |< T \T ueq\| de#s d]+, $Xw + ,
k<sD ] +# +&*. bsX \ $<+ > |s |+#*, bV+#*. CqeTH~ jT$T \+
|P]> e>*> ~ <T. eqeyT< u+&>s <sTT+| #d~ eyT $< <T. $<] |]o\q,
nqTu T\, #q\ <s Cq sD+ #dT +{&T.
Cq+ $$< T\ +T+~:
1. $wjT d++< |]Cq+ (factural knowledge) C\T, s#H\T, de#s+, |<C \+.
2. ueq\|sy T q Cq+ (conceptural knowledge) $$< ueq\T, ueq\ de#s+
3. |< d++~ Cq+ (procedural knowledge) - s, |< T \T, $$< |< T \T, Cq sD+
#dT e&+.
4. Meta cognition - djT ne>Vq, eTq+ @$T{ m HsT +THeTT nH <| ne>Vq.
u+$TH yT eTVXjT T |s+ @<H ueq| Cq+ +<+f < b\&+, ] q
<q +~q uw < #| >\&Z + , ueT ^jT&+, u>\T >T]+#&+ , <| ne>Vqe
sjT&+, |]o*+ qy<T #jT &+, $esD e&+, ] #| &+ yTT<q $ #jT >\>*. HsT =H
< |j +#>\ >*.
Cq+ q<+f $ #jT >\>*.
` ne>Vq (understanding)
` $j>+ (application)
` $Xw D (analyses)
` d+Xw D (synthesis)
` eT+q+ (evaluvation)
` d+#&+ (creation)
2. u\\ keTs\T (Competencies/ abilities):
keTs n+f #jT >\>&+ n ns+ . deTs *e+&&+ n ns+ . e{&& + n+<] edT+ ~.
de#s sT \qT n& \TdTe&+ deTs . nf sjT&+ n+<] edT+ <. q
27
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
neds+ d+ <sU dT sjT>\>&+ deTs . D+ eTq+ keTs\qT ns+ #dT y*. n+f
H| D+ #+~q CH keTs +> u$+#*.keTs\T k<sD+> du duy { +{sTT. $
eqdy T q $. #q\T L& +{sTT. bsX \ $< <s |\\ T $$< du \ qT HsT +{sT. M{
<s j du \ |\\ T @$T k~+#*? @yT+ #jT >\>*? nH~ eTTK+. n+<T | du
s> y> j du \ duy { k~+#*q keTs\qT s]+#sT. { M{ |\\ +<s
k~+# #&&+ eTq u<. +<TqT>TD+>H qq bs|d\T =H*. M{ dsq
$j+#*. nq> bs\ eT< , bs\ +< q keTs<] nuk\qT |\\ T k++> sd
#&*. > & T e+{ y{ #d sjT& w~+#*. #d y] keTs_e~ sT><T . +#&+ ,
#d #&&+ , n< jTq+ #jT &+, bZq&+, k++> sjT&+ <s keTs\qT |\\ T b+<TsT.
+<Td+ b<jTT\T y] |D[qT, bs |D[qT sb+~+#T= q d+d< u<H u dq
|jT \T sV+#*.
|\\T mH n+sZ X\T, keTs\T * +{sT. $< jTT eTTK XjT+ u\ +&
dVyTq X\qT n_e~ |s#&yT (capabilities or innate abilities)
u\\ n+sZ X\T, keTs\T:
n+sZ X \ T | u\T/ u* +{sTT. $ =] $<+ > n_e~ #+~e+&*.
M{ |P]ksTT n_e~ #d eT+ X\T, H|D\T >\ e\qT jsT #jT&yT bsX\ |eTTK
se`+. +#&+
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
28
|]o*+#&+, b\&+, d]+#&+

}V+#&+
u<\T b*\T >T]+#&+, #|&+
eZ]+#&+, +#&+
n+#H yjT&+
sD s\T, dr]+#&+
|+#&+, |]\q\T #jT&+
sD\T #|&+
jTe\T @ss#&+, k<sD]+#&+
$Xw+#&+
d+Xw+#&+
#jT&+/d+#&+
&&+, b&+, n_qjTq+
dH+> e]+#&+
deTk |]cs\T d+#&+
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
ssD se&+
|]s\qT |j+#&+
eqd \T @ss#Te&+
ueT\T, |{\T ^jT&+
| X\T b+ =+ n_e~ #+~ |\\+<] +{sTT. y{ |P]> e~|s#&+, |\\
|P] keTs+ yTs | X\qT (capabilities) qT e~ |s#&+ bsX\\T, b<jTT\T #j*+~
b<jTT\T eT du u>+>H M{ |+|<\, n_e~ q se\T |D[# k~+#*.
3. H| D\T (Skills):
|dT b{ ||+ #+ qq dyqT deTse ++> m<Ts=qT |\\ T |<] +#*q keTs
H|D\T. H|D\T du <s+> e#T n du n+sZ+> +&$ e#T.
H|D\T eTTK+> s\T> +{sTT.
1. #H H|D\T (Thinking skills)
2. ke H|D\T (Social skills)
3. ue|ks H|D\T (Communicative skills)
4. djT+ sVD H|D\T (Self management skills)
5. |]X<q H|D\T (Reserch skills)
#H H|D\T:
k<sD+> eTq uw ucH| D\T, $CqXd+ |j H| D\T eZs D , b\&+,
|j >\T, ue |ks H| D\T, |]\q\T, nHwD\T ssD yTT<\>Ty{ >T]+ =+ ne>Vq
+~. H| D\T nH$ eqd| s y T q $. nq> #DyT q $. +# $<+ y$ < qT |<] +#
H| D+ *Z +&&+ . M{H #q H| D\T (thinking skills) n+{sT. $ |< q+> H\T>T s\T.
1. |d+~+#&+ (Reflection)
2. VT<+ > +#&+ (Analytical thinking) n+f ydy \T >T]+ sD\T #| >\>&+ .
3. VQD + $Xw + #&+ n+f @ $wjT + >T]+#H $_q D #| >\>&+ , deT]d
e{&& + , <H $u~ d e{&& + @<H | ` n+f |CkeT+ m\ >T]+ |j H\qT
#| >\>&+ nf |]$TT\qT L& #| >\>&+ .
4. dH #q\T (Creative Thinking): n+f qq |b<q #jT >\&Z + ,=$ dw+ #&+ ,
q sj
|{ + #&+ n+f H kq+ +f @+ #k&T ? n ds + >/ $Xd+
#| >\>&+ .
5. $eTsH #q\T (Critical Thinking): m+<T? @$T{? |+#&+ <s +|Cj
T &+.
HsTe&+ nH~ +#&+ <sH sT>TT+~. nudq+ s>\+f $<sT\qT ueq\|,
deTd\| +| #j*. +#&+, #jT&+, nqTuy\ <s Cq sD+ sT>TT+~.
29
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
CH b+<& +#*. #+&+ <sH ne>Vq, $j>+, $XwD, d+XwD,

eT+q+ nH nTq H|D\ k<q sT>TT+~.
ke H|D\T (Social Skills):
`sT\qT >s$+#&+
ù<\T d]+#&+
`sT\ *d | #jT&+, |+#Te&+
`de+ deTV+ q u<qT s]+#&+
`djT $Xd+, qeT+ +&+
` T+ Jeq+, T+ d++<\| +
ue |dsD H|D\T (Communicative Skills):
` u> $q+
` + e{&+
` #<e+
` #~$+~ ne>Vq #dT= |d+~+#&+
` djT s#q : #~$+~, $q<| ne>Vq yU+#&+
` Ve uy\ <s ueH |dsD H|D\T, ue esD
djT sVD H|D\T (Self management Skills):
` eqd #\H H|D\T (, #T\T, y $$< |qT\T #jT+)
` deTjT b\q sVD (Time management)
` s>yTq Jeq $<H\T (Healthy life style)
` +q |\\ |esq
|]X<H H|D\T/de#s H|D\T:
|]X~+#&+ <s \TdTe+, $$< H|D\T k~+#&+ n$
` |+#&+
` |X\ <s+> |]o\q\T #jT&+
` |D[ eT]jTT de#s dsD
` d]+q de#s qy<T $XwD
` qT>=q $wj\T ]bsT s|+ sjT+, |<]+#&+
| bsX \ q d\dt eT]jTT $$< n+s ]\+ se\ <s | H| D\qT |\\ +<]
n_e~ |s#*.
4. yK sT\T (Attitudes/ dispositions):
e\T eT | eT]jTT de+| |<]+#, VsZ |]# n eTTKyTq eqe $\Te\T,
qeT\T, nqTuT\qT yKsT\T n+{+.
30
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
e\T |<]+# eTTKyTq yKsT\T:

` u< rdTe&+
` *d |#jT&+ (Cooperation)
` dH (Creativity)
` V+, T (Curiosity)
` <qTu (Empathy)
` dVq+, zsT
` >se+ #|&+
` d+
` eT, |eT+
` bV+#&+, |X+d+#&+
` CsTT, XeT $\Tee+
$< nH~ CrjT n_e~, k+|T n_e~ k~+#~. u\\ n+sZ X\qT >T]+
Xs, eqd, uy<>, <, $\Te\T, jTe\qT n_e~ #jTTqT> bsX\ #jT&+
<s u\\ dseTTU_e~ k<eTeT+~.
2.7 u\\ dseTTU_e~ ` n_e~ s+>\T

(All round development of children - Developmental areas)
u\\ |P] keTs+ yTs Xs, eqd X\qT n_e~ #jT&+.

u\\T dseTTU_e~ #+<\+f bsX\ ksTT +~ s+>\| <w|{*.
1. Xs n_e~
2. eqd_e~/ yT<|syTq n_e~
3. k+|T_e~
4. <>_e~
5. H, $\Te\T o\sD+
6. k+<s dV, |X+d
u\\ dseTTU_e~ Xs, ke, eqd, yT<|s, H, $\Te\T, k+<s
dV $$< s+>\T $T& HsTT. M{ $k bsX\\T +<_+<Te\T y*. M{ L&q
bs|D[ bsX\ neT\Ty*.
2.7.1 Xs n_e~ (Physical Development)

|\\ Xs_e~ nH~ n deC\ eTTKyTq~. |\\ dseTTU_e~ eT\yT+~.
Xs_e~ |\\ keTs\qT, X\qT ~>TD+ #dT+~. Xs $< eT<yTq | $<H
yTsT>T|sTdT+~. yjeT $<, j>, \T, &\T |\\qT #qe+T\qT #jT&+ $eTsH
31
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
bqT bwksTT. n++& |\\ u, k+|T, eqd, <> $k\ b+>H &&sTT.
Xs n_e~ yjeT$<, j>, s>$<\qT u>+> #XsT.
$ bsX\q dTd+|q+ #ksTT. |\\ d+|Ps_e~ s> |<qb. s>+
n+f e\+ y<T\qT+& <s+> +&&yT<T. s>+ nH~ VQeTTK uy\T >\~. bsX\
s>$< |yX|& bsX\ s>syTq bsX\> sb+s+ #+<TT+~. y< d+~ bsX\qT
eT+ | d+<]+#*. s>s Jeq+, < beTTK, y<T\T,y~s\T, y~s< esZ\T
yTT<\>Ty{| |\\ bsX\ d+~ ne>Vq @ss#*. |\\ s>+| \T, de+, bsX\
eT& u<\T * +&*. s> $< se\T bsX\ sV+# eTTKse\ u>yT
+&*. $ |\\ eT+ s> n\yqT dsq yKsT\qT |+b+~+#*.
yjeT $<, s> $<, j>, \T, &\ T yTT<\>Tq$ bs |D[ u>+> nsTTHsTT.
$$< d\ d+<s+> L& n+X\T bs+X\ C&+#*. deTjTk]D M{ deTT
kq+ e&+~. n+X\ |\ sVD sT>TT+~.
yjeT b<jTT e+s|qXsD sT\T d+ <T d+es\ ksH |
sV+#*. y] e|s H|D\ n_e~, CH qTeT&+|Cd edTkeT, s|sqT |d\T,
D\T, eqsT\T n+<TuT +#*.
eTq <X+ bwVs|+, n+Ty<T\T, |\\ s>+ MT< |ue+ *dTHsTT. {
bsX\ n ksTTq \Vq esZ\ |\\T, eTTK+> u*\ s>+| eTq+ X< eV+#*./
$< |D[ u>+> eT<V uq |< , y< |* neT\T|s# *. |\\ T |]>=B rdTy*q
s>|syTq C>\T (eTTK+> b~> u*\ $wjT+) #]+#*. $$< Vs|<s\T y{ q
bw |<s\qT |\\ #b*.
y< d<TbjT+, bsX\ s>s yesD+, bsX\ n+~+# uq+, s>+,
yjeT$< e+{ n+X\T |\\ deT> n_e~ <V<+ #ksTT. n+<T#H M{ $<|D[
#se*dq neds+ @s&+~. eT<\+ qq+> $<|D[ #se\dq n+X+> j>qT
>T]+#&+ ]+~.
|\\T Xs+> b<>& d#> &Te&+, jT<#>q, |< |s+ &T=H $$<
s\ \T, &\T (k eT]jTT ks) # neds+. |\ n_e~|s#*q Xs keTs\
Xs |T+, #\ H|D\T, |Ty\T, djT+ C>, d+jTeTq+, T *d |#jT>\>&+
eTTKyTq$. = s\ n<q| |]s\T, n+<TuT qsTT, sb\ (\T, &\T)
|\\+<s *dT> bZHT #jTe#T.
|\ Xs n_e~, eqd n_e~ eT]jTT ne>Vq keTs\ |+|<\ <V<+
#dT+~. +#>\, $#D #jT>\, keTs+, q >T]+N, q #TT q |]ds ||+#+ >T]+N
ns+#dTe& |jT+#>\>&+, q qT>qT, sT\ *d \qT #jT>\>&+, sT\
|#T>*> H|D+ |+b+~+#T>\>&+ $T& HsTT.
32
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
s>yT eTVu>+ |\\ +<s s>+> +fH ysT nu dq+ #TsT> bZ+{sT. n_e~
#T#dT +T+~. Xs n_e~ |\\ keTs\qT, X \ qT ~>TD + #dT + ~. Xs $< eT
<yTq | $<q+ n\e& #dT+~. yjTeT $< |\\qT |X++> +&{, #q+,
V+> +&{ &&TT+~.
s> $< n+f e\+ y<T \ qT+& <s+> +&&e TH ueq eyT <T. s>+|
ne>Vq |+, q $<+ > |\\ T eT Jeq $<H eTs\Te&+. n+f eTT+< s>+|
C>e V+#&+ , bw Vs rdTe&+ e> |]Xu q T b{+#&+ , s>| n\yqT *e+&&+
e+{$ n\e&*.
Xs n_e~ bsX \ sV+#*q se\T:
` +<Td+ Xs, s> $<qT bsX \ neT\T|s# *.
` |\ Xs n_e~d+ bsX \ |sE \T &+#& |]jT& {sTT+#sT.
| d]> \T &+#*.
` bsX \ s> |\ T sV+#*. s>$< se\T sV+#*.
` \T &+, b\T, j>, <q+ e+{ y{ |\\ T bZH #&*.
` |\\ bT, sTe M{ d+es+ s +&TksT #j *.
` s> d e+{ $es\qT y]# $T{y ]sT L& qy<T #j * e+T+~.
` | sE |\\ qT \T, &\ T &+#*.
` s> n\y| #s \T sV+#*.
` eTq+ H Vs |<s\T, y{ bw $\Te\T, nq> b{qT, sV &T, =e |<s\T,
$$TH, \eD\T y{ |q #]+#*. @ @ Vs |<s\T |s>& , s>+> +&&
|j >|& j \b*.
` j>dH\T ysTT+#*. n$ ysT +{ <>sZ #dT> bV+#*.
` |]Xuy T q n\yT eT]jTT Vs n\yqT #sY | ssTT+#*. y{| e{&+ #*.
` bsX \ s> ysy\T sV+, e b{\T, yds# q , H{\ T, dH s#q \T
#sTT+#*.
` dMT| s> +<+ &s T , y< d+~ V+ s> |\ T sV+#*.
` |\ qT \ b{, {syT+T j sT #sTT+#*.
2.7.2 yT<|syTq n_e~ (Intellectual Development)

| Xe n+sZ X\T+{sTT. dssTTq neX\T *+q|&T n$ |P] ksTT
ee TesTT. bw Vs+, yjeT+e+{ y{ Xs_e~ k< eTsTTqT dV|P] yesD+,
#++> \\T s+ dV]+#&+ <s eqd_e~ |+b+~+#e#T. ujT|P] yesD+,
<+&q\T, $e e+{$ |\\ eqd_e~ +\T. #+ _+qT> J$\ sjT
33
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|{ +f $<] eqd $d+ s><T. u\<X Xe eqd $d+ be> +T+~. |\\
duy nqT>TD+> yesD+ *+#& qT sTq s+>+ H|D\T n_e~ #dTH
M\T+T+~. |]ds\T |\\| re |ue+ #|sTT. { +{, bsX\, de+ eqd
$k nedsyTq yesDeTT+&*. >+<\jT |d\T #~$+#&+, bs+X\ n<q| de#s+
=s ]|s H |d \T #&&+ , de+ $$< e\ |d+~+#&+ , $$< |<X \qT d+<]+#&+
e+{$ |\\ eqd_e~ &&sTT. sEy Jeq $<q+ +& $_q+> >&|&+ =
#q\qT, eqd $k |+b+~dT+ ~. #s \T, du\ T, deyX\ bZq&+, bsX \ $q
se\T neT\T#jT&+ e+{$ #j*. b<jTT\T |\\ keTs n+#Hyd n+<TqT>TD+>
$$< du\ $k dVs n+~+#*. T |qT\, k+|T se bZq&+ <s
eqd $d+ sT>TT+~. e\+ +{, bsX\, bs+X\ eyT |]$TeTsTT eqd
$d+ d]>Z s><T. bs+X\ u<q deTjT+, bsX\ se\ eqd_e~ dV]+#
y{ neT\T#j*.
u\+ sD <X. <X ]> $d+ y>+> +T+~. J$++ +T+~. u\+
bH n+X\qT y>+> >V+# X |\\ +T+~. ejTdT ksTT q dVjT+ L&q
q be n+X\qT |\\ |]#jT+ #d eqd $d+ sT>TT+~. yT<dT $ddT+~. {
|\\ b|& bs+X\T u~+#&+, #q\ $e nuk\T e&+, $q&+ eyT Hs&+,
#++> \\T s+#be&+, |]ds\T de+ |d+~+# neX$Tebe&+ e+{$,
ns+ n+X\qT {|{+#&+ e+{$ |\\ yT<|syTq n_e~ +, bs+X\qT <{ |\\T
+#T, J$ n+X\qT |+#T, k++> $wj |]X~+, nHw+ \TdTHT>
s> >~ |jT\T +&*.
uw d++~+ |<+<\T, $$< dyX\ @+ ] u>T+T+< #|eTq&+, z|H
b+&& {dt e&+ #j*. >D+ J$ deTd\qT nqTd+<q+ #j*. dT& deTkk<q,
e+{$ |P]+|Cj*. nudt e+{$ nud+ #sTT+#*. dH n+X\ >T]+ |+#>\>*. <
>T&> nqTd]+# +&, ssD d++<+ \TdTe&+, dH , $#D , $eTsH <sD
+ ] $Xw+# keTs |+b+~+#*. |dT+ de |sd, > #]qT b\T=
sC+><+> eT bs \D\qT b |+b+~+#Ty +, neT\T #jT>\>*.
bs |d \qT <{ s |d \T, ]|s H |d \qT #~yT> y{ |DT\#]+#TqT>
#&*. \T, bsX\qT <{ de se\ bZq&+ <s yT<$d+ b+ sT>TT+~.
#s\T, d$THsT, du\ e+{ y{ bZq&+ #j*.
VQ |d<++ |s+ | $<] = s+>\ cT\T> +{sT. <
b<jTT\T >T]+#*. s+>+ H|D\ |+|<\ neX\T *+ bV+#*. |\\
d, n_sT s+>\qT y]| sT<&+ <s eqd $d+ bT+~. +<Td+ q \T
sb+~+#T= *+#*. bsX\ se\T, y\T, y]y\T, CrjT |+&T>\T, &\T,
C\T, d$THsT, ke se\T, | e+{ y{ |\\T bZH #&*.
34
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
yT<|sy T q n_e~ bsX \ sV+#*q se\T:

bsX \ u<q ,bs+ ne>Vqd+ eTTUyTq |X \T q\\| sd n+<] |\\ # #]+|#j
*.
#s bZH\+f |\\ T + eT ueq\T e ] +#*. $eTsH #q\T yT<|sy T q n_e~
|j >|& sTT.
` >+<\jT |d \qT #~$+ y{| |d dMT\ T #sTT+#*.
` #~$q n+X\| yK+#eTH*. n+f e{&+ #*, ssTT+#*.
` $$< deTd\T (ke, e> , deTd\T) y{ m k~ks #| eTH*.
` $$< ke deTd\T, d+|T q\| HjT+, nHjT+, H $\Te\|, eT+, #&T | y]
y<q\qT $|+#eTH*. yU+#eTH*.
` $$< d+|T q\qT sD\qT }V+#eTH*. eT+d+ @$T #s \T rdTy #]+#eTH*.
` dH s#q \qT, #q\qT bV+#*.
` e, yds# q , &sTT+>, b&&+ yTT<\>T b{\qT sV+#*. < |\\ qT j sT#jT eTH*.
` q |jT T >+<\T #~$ |j >|& de#s <\T d]+#eTH*.
2.7.3 k+|T_e~ (Social Development)

eTw d+|T J$. d+|T + eTqT>& k~+&+ e\H eqe |> k< eTeT+~. |{ |]d T
eTw qT>, +]> +& |]d +~. |\\T L& dV+> >T+| +&\ deTejTdT\
be> >&b\ sT+{sT. ~ y] dV due+. T++, de+ |\\ bs+X\ +f
be n+X\T H]ksTT. |\\T bsX\ seTT+< nH n+X\ ned>Vq * +{sT. \T,
<TdT\T,|eTTT, T+duT\T, Vs+, yTT\T, +Te\T, q\T, |jD ks\T e+{ nH
n+X\ ne>Vq sD+ de+ ysT |d+~+#&yT.
{ |\\ qT M\sTTq+ be> k+|T se bZH
T #&*. k+|T se
y\+{sT>, sV\T>, bZH ysT> |\\ neX\T *+#*. Be\q k+|T, <>|syTq
$d+ sT>TT+~. b|& |d\qT n+{|T= #~y y]H k+|T_e~ k~+q ysT
J$ deTd\qT dT\u+> b<Ts>\sT. bsX\ eT]jTT >e\ sV+# se bZq&+
<s |\\qT k+|TsD+ #jTe#T. eTq d+d, d+|<j\T, TuT e k+|T+X\
+~ eksTT. s s \T n$ =qk>&+ |\\ k+|T _e~ <sH k< +. {y] *d |#jT &+,
sT \ dV ]+#& + jTe\qT b{+#&+ , |CkeT |jT \ bZq&+ sT \qT >s$+#&+ ,
deq+> #&&+ e+{$ |\\ Hs*. bH.d.d., bH.bdt.bdt., bH..d., e+{ se\T, k+|T
d+d\T sV+# se |\\T bZHT #&*. u>ke eT+q+ #j*.
H\\T, eqsT\T, KC\T, eqe deTV\T b n_e~ #+<j \TdT= y{ b&TH
|jT+ #jT>\>*. |TqyTq |Ps #] d+d sujT s\ n+~+#>\>*. eTyTq
\D\ |+|<\ k+|T_e~ <s eyT k<+.
35
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
k+|T _e~ bsX \ #j *q eT]jTT sV+#*q |qT\T/ se\T:

` |\ *d | #d se\T sV+#*. n+f &, #T H&+, y{ bwq,
sVD.
` de+, >eT+q |j>|& XeT<q+ +{|qT\T, |]ds\ |]Xu e>
|]Xu , s& | eT{ |b jT&+, >T+\T rd #T H&+ yTT<\>Tq$ #sTT+#*.
` bsX \qT Xu+ > +#Te&+, eT+ d , \ e\dq keT @sT #dT e&+
yTT<\>Tq$ #j *.
` |\\ qT | d+es+, eT{ y]> *< + &T\ dV jT dV s\ $< yC j\T
#sTT+#&+ #j *. < b<jTT\T #=serdTy*.
` bsX \ | +& &\ T, \T &+#*. b{\, {syT+T |\\ qT d+d<+ #d |+|+#*.
` k+d se\T, H{\ T, b\T, q+, q H{\ T yTT<\>Tq$ X yTs sV+#*.
n+<s |\\ T bZH T #j *.
` key\T |<s q\T #sTT+#*. | se\ e\ |\\ T u< \T rdT= se\qT
sVksT. eT+ Jeq H|D\T nq> *d #]+#Te&+, |D[\T ydTe&+ *d
sV+#Te&+, nH eT+ H| D\T. +{ se\ sVD e\ eksTT. e\+ bs+
#| &+, $q&+, s> >~ |]$T+ ne&+, HT sdTe&+, bs |d |< |< #<e &+,
|X yT\T sjT&+ e\ Jeq H| D\T, k+|T H| D\T se. b<jTT\T k++> M{
>T]+ +#*. d\dt #| &+ nH~ f $< \ + <T. |\\ T deT> n_e~ eqe
$\Te\ |+|<\, deT> |]|Ps eqe> |\\ m<T>T<\ b<jTT\T +#*+~,
#j *+~ # +~. < y] d+d< , j , V+ $< \\| ne>Vq neds+ .
2.7.4 <>_e~ (Emotional Development)
|\\T eT |]ds\ d+u$+# nH d+|Tq\ $$< s\T> |d+~ksT. $ |\\|
b+ |uy #|sTT. M{ <s+>H | $wjT+| n_bj @ssT#T+{sT. $$<
d+|Tq\ | |\\T d+~+# rsT y] uy<>\qT *jTCdT+~. |\\ uy<>\qT dsq esZ+
|{q|&T deC nedsyTq eT bsT\T> sb+<TsT. dsq |esqqT n\esT#T+{sT.
|dT+ de+ ]> d+|Tq\ yX|&&+, sT\| <& ~>&+, $#D e&+,
>T+| eTqd n\yT|&+ sT>TTq$. n +& d+|Tq\|, e\|, de+|
<qTu b+~ eTe+T u<> yT*> |\\ uy<>\qT eT<+ #jTe\d +~. T+
duT\, #TT|\y], bsX\ {y], de duT\ uy<>\qT eT<+ #jTe\d
+~. T+ duT\, #TT|\y], bsX\ {y], de duT\ uy<>\
>TssTTq|&T sD #q\T #jT &+, d+jTeTq+ b{+#&+ n\esT#Ty*. |\\ qT bVd
|eT> #d ysT L& sTD, C* >\ y&T> ||, +Te\| <jT * +&*. yTT\qT,
36
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
#qT s*+#&+, +Te\qT =&+ e+{$ #jT+& C*, <jT e+{$ #b*. | du
u~+q|&T d+<s+>, bs+X\ <s+> uy<>\qT e]+# d+<s+ uw neds+
@s&TT+~. e s D
<s uw |{e T n_e~ #+<TT+~. d+|T q | uy<> >TssTTq|&T
n~ $ s|+ e]q d+<s\T eTq+ $+ +{+.
dV d+|Tq\ u\+ ={q ssTT> +&+& |\\T d+~+#T #&*. bsX\
{ $<sT\ dVjT+ #jT&+, deTd\T eq|&T <s+> eTT+<T se&+ #j*. k+|T
se dy se bZH*. e<T\T, de\T nedsyTq y] =+\+ >&| #&*.
|q |s=q $<+> |\\T <>|s+> n_e~ #+<\+f b<jTT\T> MTsT #j*+~.
` |\\+<] |sT bjT+> |\y*.
` |\\ dVT, esZ<]>, d\V<sT>, k\us> eeV]+#*.
` |\\ H|D\qT \TdTy*. <qTu * +&*.
` n+<] deq neX\T *+#*. b+{ $e #|+& n+<] deq+> #&*.
` |\\ n_sT#T\T, d\T, nqTuT\T, esD\qT >s$+#*.
` ujTsV (fear free), dV|P] (friendly), d$T[ (inclusive) yesD *+#*.
` bV+, n_q+<q, neX+, nud+ e+{$ *+#*.
y] |esqqT bq&{ qy<T#j*. nedsyTq esT\T |esq k~+#T q
w #j*. |\\ q d# e&+, y] ue esD neX$Te&+ #j*. | du u<q
deTjT+ uy<>\qT dsq esZ+ |<]+# $<+> bs+X\qT *| u~+#*. nedsyTq
y] e>+> *+> #j*. djT eTD |+b+<TqT> <Ty*. deTV+ |e]+#
$<q+| #]+#*. $<sT\ uy<>\qT H|D\T> esT w#j*. ueT\T yjT&+,b\T
b&&+ e+{ y{ y] uy<>\qT eT[+#>\ >*. ys+ sE =+de TjT+ M{ {sTT+#*.
<>_e~ bsX \ #j *q eT]jTT sV+#*q |qT\T/ se\T:
` |\\ +<] |sT |\y*, |eT bjT #&*.
` &\ T, \T jTe\ks+> &+#*.
` bsX \ qT |+#*, #q T $<sT\ < C>> #dTeTH*.
` deTd\| |\\ qT d+~+#eTH*. eT+ e\ T, eT+ |qT\qT |X+ d+#*.
` +Te\| V+d, |sesD \Tw+ #jT &+, X e< #jT &+, eqsT\qT e< #jT &+
e+{| &u T, #s \T |{ deTd\| |\\ d]jT q << @ss#*.
` dV+ #jT &+ bV+#*, eT+ dVT\T +&\ e{&*. eT+ dVT\qT |X+ d+#*.
` T+ Jeq+, e<T\ >se+, q d+sD , *d +&&+ q kK yTT<\>T y{|
|\\ e{&+ #*. n+{ T+u\T \eT, n+{ T+u\qT |X+ d+#*.
` \T, b\T, d+^+, ueT\T ^jT&+, H{\ T yTT<\>T k+d se\qT sV+#*.
M{ |\ qT bV+#*, |X+ d+#*.
37
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` eT+ |qT\ |\\ qT |X+ d+#*. mTe+{ |]d T \ L& |\\ qT &+ , qT#&+,
neeq |s &+, <+&+#&+ yTT<\>T @ |qT |\\ >se+ eT]jTT $Xd+ <rkj
y{ #jT L&<T . |\\ T HsT e&+ d #b\+f, e\dq~ bV+, n_q+<q,
neX+, bjT, HsT >\keTs + q< qeT&+, bV+#&+ .
2.7.5 $\Te\ n_e~ (Moral Development)
eqe&T d+|TJ$ qTH d+w deC @ssT#TH&T. keeed, dVJeq+
=qk>\+f n de+| ne>Vq, $Xd+, b+ neds+. de duT\T ]| sT
<s|& +{sT.{ y<j> |esH jTe\T neds+. wyTTqT eTq+ |e]d q
deC }V+#T+. H jTe eTq |esq qT s +# d\T qT |\ y{ J]+#TH
#j*. |\ H_e~ *+#&eT+f y] ke jTe\qT >T&> b{+#eTq&+ <T.
y] @ d+<s+ b |e]d u>T+T+< VT<+> +#>*> keTs\T |+#*. ke
d+<s b+| ks e++>q, |X+ <]rd~>q +& H ne>VqqT |+b+~+#*.
q #| $<+> #dTHqT nq& ~ _q+> +T+~. | s q q$<+> +&
n+<] y<j>yTq$ #jT& w|&sT. b+<Tq> $sT<+> #d eTT +#&+ <
<w+#&+ nH ujT+. n+f | ] n+sZ+> = H jTe\T +& ysT b|&T @$T
#j, b #j, n+<s #d< ddT+~.
|dT+ n deC\ nX+ H\= +~. H $\Te\T D+#&+, n+<] J$ &
|s>&+ eTq+ #dTH+. B |/ eTqTw HdV =se&&+ sD+. esT\T
sE d+es+ d+u$+q$ e. J$+ deTT\, |]$TT\ eTj B |*+. B
<s $eTjT d+d, <TsX XeT<|& |\T_HsTT. M{ sD+> de+ nu<, n$Xd+
|]+~. VQ |#sk<H \T, $q T+eed, $< yD|s+ e&+ e+{$ |*HsTT.
+<|<X sw+ L& eeVs\T |q #|qT>H <X, s b+\ e~]>H n<
<Td HsTT. de+ k n+s\T, ndeq+bT b+rjT, ] ndeq\T L&
HsTT. $ eTq n JeH+X\ b{duy |+ yD|s+ #dTHsTT. $ d\| <sH,
uDV\T, eqe V\ \+|Tq <] rdTHsTT. $\Te\ eTjT+, eqe d++<\T
\Vq|&&+, de+ nX+ H\=q&yT B eT\sD+. { bsX\ |\\ H $\Te\qT
|+b+~+#&+ b+ neds+ . B bsX \ H $\Te\T ` y{ eX e+{ n+X\| #s>w\ T
sV+#*. |\\T y] J$\ $\Te\T b{+# |s|+#*. H $\Te\ u<q eTq+
nqTd]+# ePV+| n|eT+ > +&*. |\\ T yj
T eT]jTT d$Tw $eTjT ` jT+D, V+k
` X+jTT bs+, ~ y<q\T, ` X+jTT #s\T, d+ uy\T ` d#jTT #q\
eT< &\qT D+> >T]+#>*> eTq+ ePV\qT s+#*. B u>+> b\|& H
$\Te\qT |+#& de+, &, s> >~ @+#j * nH |X \T+&*. |\ b+{ $\Te\T
|+b+~+#*? |\\T sT\ V\qT >s$+# dVqeTT| >V+ |+# b #j*? nH
|X\T+&*.
38
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
T+ J$+ |\y = d<\yT n\e&sTT. $ nH s\T> n\e&sTT.

|\\+<] sC+>+ #|q n \D\T, n\yT n\e&be#T. de| H jTe\T
eTs de| k+|<j\qT >s$+#be#T. ns\ deC\qT+& jTe\ ks| >\
|\\T be#T. { n s\ ke ueC @+#d n+<] y<j>yTq H
$\Te\qT &H |+b+~+ q <ojT deC ]+#*.
$_q H $\Te\T, H|<\qT+& & e# |\\+<] @{| rdT= ] $\Te\qT
eTs=sT >s$+#, dV +# #jT &+ bsX \ |eTTKb eV+#*. $\Te\T *+&&+ , $Cq+,
$y+ yT\>&+ |\\ deT>_e~ n+s>+. sC+>+ $\Te\T, eT\d\T, deTHjT+,
deq+, ku beTTKdTq$. M{ neT\T|s#&+ VQ+, sT\qT >s$+#&+,
>se+, $Xd+, ke u<, |eT, X<, dVs+, $\Te\| $eTsH+> eT]jTT
dH+> +#&+ , k+<s $\Te\qT ddT+ ~. deq ueq, |sd s dV s+, $eTsH
#H$<q+ e de+> <X+> q qT> u<>\ bsT> jsT#jT&+
\+ n >T]+#&+ b+ eTTK+. e bsT&T deTyTq u<\T s]+#{ <V<|&sTT.
H $\Te\ n_e~ bsX \ #j *q eT]jTT sV+#*q |qT\T/ se\T:
` bs+ #||&T, deTjT+ q|&T | b<jTT&T eT+, #&T , de+ b&\ | |\
#]+#*. d+|T q\ <s+>, ys| \ eq ys\ / d+|T q\ <s+> #]+#*.
eT+, #&T , <s +, n<s +, CsTTr >T]+ d+|T q\T eT]jTT e\ <s+> e{&+ #*.
eT+, eT+ e\ qT |X+ d+#*.
` eTq d+d <\ T, nq> <s +, HjT+, CsTTr, sT D, <q>TD+, deq+, <s +,
y{| <\ T, d]+, #| y{| $<sT\ qT e{&+ #*.
` eqeV\T, |\\ V\T q\\| sd n$ @ yTs neT\eTHsTT >s$+#&TTHsTT.
@ @ V\T |dT + n+<sT n+f |\\ T, |<\ T nqTu$ dTH sT, @y$ #sD e n #]+|
#d, >V +|Cj
*.
sC+> $\Te\T ={ q\\| sd, y{ beTTU *jTCj *. $\Te\T @ yTs eTq
de+ neT\eTHsTT n |\\ # #]+| #j *. $<+ > |\\ T m+ HsT +{sT. $Xw k sT .
eT<q n_bj\T #TsT. #s bZ+{sT. sT \T #|~ $+{sT. eT+ |X+ dksT .
Jeq H| D\T nsTTq eT+> e{&& + , J$ >eT+, J$+ XjT +qT @ss#T e&+,
s>sy T q Jeq $<q+, |sq H| D\T, yTT<\>T y{| #s \T sV+#*. de+ |\\
*dq j e\ T mes eT+ Jeq H| D\T * Hs y] >T]+ *|, |X+ d+#*, #]+#*.
e\T n +&&+ e\ ysT @ s+ > eT+ Jeq+ >&T |THs #| eTH*. #]+#*.
eT+, #&T , , HjT+, <s +, n<s +| e b{\T, yds# q b{\T sV+#*.
39
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
2.7.6 k+<s dV, |X+d (Aesthetic Development)

k+<s, Ssb* #d q+~+#&+ eqeJ$+ $&BjTs n+s>+. \T,
kV+, s CH n_e, k+<s $y#qq |+b+~+# k<q d+|, neX* b<$T
ksTTqT+& |\\ n+~+#* +T+~. CrjT $< |D[ #+ 2005, sw $< |D[ |+
2011 |s+ M{ d++~+q bs+X\T/ nuk\T/ \T |jT\T, $\T, |<sb\T,
| s<q, esq, ysd d+|<qT |]s+#&+, $H<+, $Cq+, #], #] d+|Tq\T,
&\ H|< |X+d+#&+, <rjT+ #+<&+, e\ Jeq$<H\T, $T\qT =j&&+.
uc k+<s d+~+#&+, |X+d+#&+, ueT\T ^jT&+, d+^+ e+{ \ s|+ HsTT.
e\+ M{ eyT +& k sb\T, kV+, d+d, d+|<j\T, #s eeVs\T,
y\T yTT<\>Ty{ d+<s+> \ s|+ |\\ n+~+#*. y] k+<s dV
*+#*.
k+<s dV, |X+ d bsX \ #j *q eT]jTT sV+#*q |qT\T/ se\T:
` k+<s + n+f @eT{? e k+<s e, | k+<s e? eTqw\jTT eTVAqyT q , Wqe!
kVde? |s >TDe! eT+qe! #]+|#j
*.
` | n&e\T, |# #T, |\ e\T, #sT e\T, |]o\q #sTT+ |d+<q #| +#*, ssTT+#*.
` ds<jT eTT+<T \+, ds<jT + dsde TjT+ |]o\q, nqTue + |X++> #sTT+
<| |d+<q nqTuy \T #| +#*.
` | X+ jTT nqTue + |d+<q.
` +Te\T y{ q |\ qT |]o*+|#j
T &+ deTjT+ >&| & + , |\\ <q +~ nqTu+<\T,
b+~q q+<+ #| +#*.
` djT+> yTT\T, #T |+#&+ , |P\T, |+&T, jT\T sTT+#&+ , yTT\T m<>& + , <
b+~q q+<+| |d+<q.
` ss q |+&T>\T, Xu s\T |]o\q, s+>T s+>T\ n\+sD , y{| |X+ d, nqT+<\T.
` | esq , #] d+|T q\T, #] & \ |]o\q |X+ d
|dT j+ Jeq+, Jeq >eT+ yTT+ MT< eTw edT d+|<, dTK Jeq+ nH y{ =s
s+s+ n\T|s> sT\T, |sT >T\T |&TTH&T. <>u] eqe d++<\T, b{ +, re
eqd & Jeq+ >&T k+~., q+<+ n+f @$T{, @~ yTq , q+<+, | nH~ eqdy T q
u edTe \ MT< <s|& +T+<! u>T> edT d+|< q ysT +> q+<+> Hs? eTq
d+d #] mTe+{ e\ qT |{ es >T]+#T+~? eTw XX >T]+| m edT+ ~, B @@
<+* #] eTq n+~++< +#+&. q+<+> +&\+f q+~+#&+ , | >&| & +
eqd k+<s |X+ d+#&+ |\\ |{y *. d+|Ps eTw> m<>& + eTq eTq+ deTjT+
#Te&+, | >&| & + , | >se+>, s<q ue+ #&&+ | deTd bDT\
n|s+ #jT +& y{ u>T w #jT &+ eTq u< , <H <s +, q+<+, T q~.
40
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
Te+{ eTq bsd |\\ $< s|+ eTq+ |\\ n+~+#*. B eTq+ bT|&\+f
d+d<T \ T y*. b<jTT\T djT+> Cq deTTbsq #dT y*. CqT\T> j sTy*.n|&T
eTq+ eTVs y T q C sb+~+#>\ +. n+<Te\H b<jTT&T C sD+ B nsT&> T
w, |q , j , n+ neds+ . < <Xu .
2.8 |\\ dseTTU_e~ ` bsX\ b

(All-round development of children - Reole of the school)
|\\T n s+>\ (Xs, eqd, <>, H, k+|T s+>\T yTT<\>Tq$) d+|Ps

n_e~ #+<\+f bsX\, de+ \b eV+#* +T+~. n_e~ <V<|& sb\qT
sV+#* +T+~. @ seTyTH, yTH |\\T d+|Ps+>, #TsT> bZ+fH +q
n_e~ dTk<eTeT+~.
bsX\|s+> sV+#*q sb\T

bsX\|\ sV+#*q$:
` s>><T\ j du, s+>\ d++~+q \T
` |, |j>\T, |]X<q\T, y~\T
` eqd d se\T, j>, <q+ yTT<q$.
` #s\T, >w\T, d$THsT, |<sq\T, #sT\T, du\T, deyX\T, d<dT\T
` u<Hudq keT j
` keTV eT<V uq+
` |d|sq+, <\ |d\T, <y#\T e+{ bs|ds keT
` n_qjT>j\T, @b_qjT+, b\T, |< b{\T
` H{\T, ~jTsY sY, =]j>|.
` >D uc&\T, |Hd, yds#q b{\T
` y<|\T ` s>| n\yT |+b+~+# \T
` bsYb*j\ sVD
` >& | sVD
` |\\ |ube |<sq\T, |> |<sq
` bdt.byT.d. deyX\T
bsX\ jT sV+#*q$:
\T, k, ks \T, &\ b{\T sV+#&+
k{ n+& >&
$Cq $Vsj\T, |sq\T yTT<q$.
yT\T, bC |qT\T
41
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
b_wH ` u<Hudq keT |<sq

dMT| bsX\\ |\\T, b<jTT\ L&q du\T, deyX\T
| ~Hy\T ` eT<sY &, b<sY&, eTV ~He+, dH &, >+<\jT ysy\T,
$< |y\T, nsd ~He+ e+{$.
CrjT |+&T>\T
s\T, Vs+>du\T
keTV equH\T, eqeTVAy\T, nsud+ yTT<q$
| sb\ = e\+ |\\ T, b<jT d+~ bZH$ HsTT. <VsD bsX \
|* se\T. nsTTq|{ M\sTTq dyX\ nqT>TD+> | d+<s+ *<+&T\T,
deduT\T, n~sT\T bZH #&*.
bsX\ ujT sV+# n sb\ *<+&T\T, de duT\T, jTTe, d#+<
dyd+d\ #+~q ysT, |s |eTTKT\T, |C|<T\T, n~sT\qT $~> bZH bsX\ d+~
#&*. de +<+> L& sb\ # y{ sV+#e#T. de+ bsX \ sb\
#TsT> bZ+fH bsX\ dseTTUe~ +<+> |#jT>\T>TT+~. |\ n+sZX\T
+{jT, eTq *d+<. eT] $q+ eTVe+ < qf |\ dseTTU_e~ <V<|&
keTs\T < +{sTT. M{ |P]ksTT XqTks+ $j+#Ty\+f b<jTT\T |\\
q bV+, neX+, nud+, neds+ *+#*. d+<s+> dseTTU_e~ <V<|&
\T *+#*.
2.9 |\\ dseTTU_e~ ` b<jTT\ b

(All-round development of children - Reole of the teacher)
bsX\ $< d++~+q+es |\\ dseTTU_e~ u< b<jTT\<. |\\T

bsX\ >&| | $Tw+ \yTq<. n~ y] u$J$ +>sT u\T yd~> +&*. |\\
{sTT+# u<H deTjT+ b<jTT\T |P]> n+f e+<X+ d~j>+ #dTy*. |\\
dseTTU_e~ <V<|& Xs, eqd, <>, k+|T, H, yT<|s s+>| d+|Ps
ne>Vq *+& n+<T |]+# se\T, \T |D[<+> b<jTT\T sV+#*.
Xs n_e~ ` yjeT, s> $<, j>, \T, &\ <+q se\T
sV+#*. M{ |\\T #TsT> bZH ePV\T sb+~+#Ty*. |\\ |>
b|{|&T n+#HydT |> w#j*. |\\ d\T, n_sT#T\ nqT>TDyTq \T
*+#*.
eqds+>+ |\\T n_e~#+<\+f n+<T <V<|& d\T, ksTT nqT>TDyTq,
dy\T L& +& \T *+#*. #q\T s+#, }VX, dH <V<|&
nudq |jT\T |yX|{*.
42
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
n+<] *dbe&+, |sds dVs ueq\T, dVJeq+ #q\T,, n_bj\T, uy\T,

{y], b<jTT\T, |<\ |+#Te&+ sT\ deTd\| d+~+#&+, \d \T
&+, b\T b&+, ke |]dT\ dsTuT e&+ e+{ y{ b<$TksTTqT+&
|\\T n\esTy*. |*+> ysT de sD+ \b eV+# eT+ bsT\T>
sb+<TsT. n+X\ d++~+q$ $<|D[ |s=q$<+> bs|d\
b+<T|s#&+ ]+~. M{ <w |T= j nudH \T *+#*. |q |s=q
ke n+X\T |\ @ yTs k~+#&j n+#Hyj*.
$\Te\T eT+> D + #&+ , eqe d++<\T \Vq|&& + , nX+ |*be&+ eTq de+
|dT+ eTq+ >eTdTH+. |]d > =qk C eTqT>& |qTeTT| >TseT+~.
B n]f keTs+ b<jTT\ +~. b<$TksTT qT+& $\Te\ $<qT n+~+#*q
neds+ +~. $\Te\ ks$T#, $\Te\T |_+_+# bs+X\T bs|d\
#T#dT +THsTT. n+X\qT d+<s+> |\\ u~+#&y T +& bs s n+X\T
$\Te\ $\Te#, ke TuT, u<\T, d+d, C eTqT>&, <Xu, eqede,
&d], dVJeq+, X+, HjT+, nV+d, deq+, <qTu e+{$ |_+_+#,
jTe\ nqTdsD, |eT, X<, d#, <\T, |<\T, b\T, H{\T, q+, n_qjT+
e+{$ nudq\ s|+ |\\ *+#*.
dH, y$<+> +#&+, yT<&T |<TqT |f \T *+#*. d+y<\T, >w\T,
d$THsT, +<#s\T #|{*. yT<&T yT, C, >D+, uc &\T, | e+{ \T
*+#*. |\\qT bV+#*.
2.10 u\\ dseTTU_e~ ` neT\T d\T

(All round development of children - indicators of implementation)
bsX\ksTT |\ ]> dseTTU_e~ eT~+| #d |]o\H+X\qT, |> n+X\qT

]sT\ qy<T#j*q u< b<jTT\< e]+> #j*q u< n~sT\~,
deduT\~.
bsX\ |\\T dseTTU_e~ #+<TTHs +~ d\T/ <s\ <s #|e#T.
b<jTT\ |\\T @ @ s+>\ n_e~ #+< *d +&&+.
yjeT+, \T, b\T, &\T, e+, yds#q, H{, bbwD, Kq+, d+^+,
C, yT\T, |<sq\T, d$THsT, deyX\ sVD +#&+.
>+<\jT |d\ sVD +&&+.
u\\ $T{\T deTse++> |#d +&&+.
>&|, dH |sTTsY, y\ sVD +&&+.
43
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|\\+<s *d yT\d +&&+, djT eTD b{+#&+.

nqTyq u<Hudq keT $j+#&TT+&&+.
dV|P], d$T[ yesD+ s>T +#&+.
|\\T |dT+ de+ b<Ts=+Tq deTd\| ne>Vq * +&&+.
y<, s> |\T sV+#&T+&&+.
>&| y\T sjT& +&&+.
j>, <q+, s>T\ sVD +&&+.
j s+>\ |> >T]+ |\\ |> y~ sjT& +&&+.
yjeT+, $\Te\T, \T e+{ y{ n&$T +&sY |s+ deTjTksD deTT
kq+ *+#&+. deTjTk]D |s+ nudq |jT\T *d +&&+.

|\\+<s Xs+>, eqd+>, yT<|s+>, k+|T+> n_e~ #+<*. eT+ |esq,
$\Te\T * +&&+, deTd\| d+~+#&+, kedV * +&&+, sC+> $\Te\
T& +&&+ , d+d d+|<j\qT >s$+#&+ , {y], b<jTT\ |<\ , *< + &T\
n_bj\T |+#Te&+ e+{$ |+b+< b<jTT\T |D[<+>, ePV+> nudq
|jT\T b<jTT\T *+#*. |\\ dseTTUe~ yT<q+ eV+#*.
III
eTV>+B C d+ = sV b<$T $< |< |b~+#sT. n~ ud $<

<eT+> |d~ #+~+~. bsX\ $<qT keT J$ dV+>, d+>+> #j\,
n+<Td+ bsX\ seT+ =+ sTT XeTq, < XeTq L& yT$+#\ jTq
u$+#sT. n~ us<X $< #]H eTVsyTq eT\T|. mH @ _{wt b\q <X+
d]d eq |d +<, |<], w\ $< eed MT< n<= sT>TuT. n<= CrjT
<> eH+~.
eT* \D\T $: 1) $< < s|+ |<q u>+ e&+ 2) bsX\
]\+qT < s|+q, bsX\ #T +& u, ke |]ds\ dV+>
rdTbe&+ 3) bsX\L, k deC eT< rjT d++< @ss#&+.
` y&e qMsu<T&T
44
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
3. u<Hudq |jT\T - |\* +<+> #dT= y] nqTyq

$<H se\T, \T, nHwD, qT>=q&+ <s HsTy*
(Promoting learning through activiteis, exploration and discovery in a child
centered and child friendly manner)
3.1
eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&
3.2
3.3
3.4

H|<+ (Context)
HDyTq $< (Quality of Education)
HDyTq u<q (Quality of Teaching)
3.4.1
3.4.2
3.4.3
3.4.4
y] eT]jTT jT{/ bs |D[\T (Annual & Unit/ Lesson Plan)

eT+ s> >~ yesD+ (Effective Classroom Environment)
u<H u dq $<H\T (Teaching and Learning Processes)
b<jTT\ HD è|s y T q u< \T
(Teacher Quality - professional responsibilities)
3.5
3.6
u<H u dq |jT \T ` |dT |]d (Teaching Learning process - Existing situtaion)

RTE Act - 2009 - |<C
\+, $esD (RTE Act - 2009 Terms - Description)
3.6.1
3.6.2
3.6.3
3.6.4
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.10
+ (Activity)
qT>=q&+ (Discovery)
nHwD (Exploration)
X +B $< (Child Centred Education)
|\\ due+ ne>Vq (Understanding Childhood )

dV|P] yesD+ (Child Friendly Environment)
nu dq+ n+f @$T{? (What is learning)
nu dq due+, |\\ T b HsT +{sT?
(Nature of learning - How children learn)
3.11 |\\ T HsT e&+ b+<T yqT&TTHsT?

(Why children fail in learning)
nu dq due+ jTe\T (Nature and principles)
3.12
3.13 \T, qT>=q&+, nHwD\ <s nu dq+ jTT neT\T ` u< \T
3.14
3.15
45
(Learning through Activities, Explorations and Discovery - Implementation

and Responsibilities)
neT\T d\T (Indicators of Implementation)
eTT+| (Conclusion)
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
se*+~ eTq yK ] esT

d+d eTq+ n\yT|&+. n+<T+ jT|&& + eTq yK ] d++~+q
d+c+X+. de+>H +{, +{>H & |CkeT+ e+&\ eTq+
n+^]+# H+. |\\ L& $y#H , d \ e+{jT, y{ e ] +#&+ y V
eTq+ >T]+#&yT & |CkeT+. y eT{eTT<\, y{ eTq+ ]q eT*
dT+<ss\T> esTdTH eT eTq+ nqT=+TH+. eTq+ |B Hs\, eTqqT+# y
|B HsT =+THs eTq qeT+.
nd\T Hs &+ ? n~ |ue+T #jT >\ |H? n~ m+ XeT L&q

n|s| e? |+ HsT e&+ L& >=| |ue+T\ >< k< +! eT] n
s>& + <. | _& n+ dV +> uw qT+ & + < m HsT =+TH&T? nu dq+
n+ ds y T + ~. eTqyT < d+w + #dT H +. d+w + > e+&yT $< due+> eTq+
qeTTTH+.
eTqL |\\ L eT< n&T>&T >TH n><+ e+~. n><+ eqf eTq+ >T]+#+,
n+ de+> qT | |& +. |\\ bT H\MT< eTq+ L#>\e? m+ #~$H, m+
#| H, m D \ VsH eTq + eTq~. <= d+d d++~+q n+X+. BqT+
jT|&& e*+~ eqd d+d< , eTq yK ] esT!
` #<T e $Cq+
ysT >& | | D +, \|, e, # yq+<\V] y*. n{H eTT+<T, eTT

J$dTq +<T, eT #T ||+ #+ |P\\T, d\jT, *eTT\T, >\T, |eT $\T,
|\q e\T b+bsT T q+<T ysT eTVq+< |s| X \T y*. | ]q <D+> q
y\T>T y] y] n_e nqT>TD+> ||+ # d+^+ >=+T \b*.
n~ ns d e\ k< eTsTT ns d e\ e+&. < eT |ks+ e\ k< eTsTT
eT |ks+ e\ e+&. n~ e+{k] |< bsX \ esD k< |& bsX \\
<sH se+&, < X+q+ e~] e|T ed| e$T&\ &q $d+ #e\d
+f n{H e+&, < |sq @<q T q>s M<T q w\ q&Td u~+q k{d t
esyZ T e+&, n~ @ q q>&+<q~ <T. n~ {eqe\ HyT s $d+ |#d + <q~
eTTK+.
` y&e qMsu <T&T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
46
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
3. u<Hudq |jT\T
(Teaching Learning Processes)
3.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1) |\\ due+ @$T{? (What is the nature of child?)

2) nudq+ n+f @$T{? nudq+ jTT due+ @$T{?
(What is learning and what is its nature?)
n) |\\T m HsT+{sT? (How children learn?)

) u~+#*q n+X+| |\\ eTT+< @$T \TdT. => @$T HsTy*. s+&+{
m \T|+.
(Bridge between what child knows already and how to learn these connections?)
3) nudq+ |\\T bZq&+ n+f @$T{?

(What do you ment by child participation in learning?)
4) HsTe&+ |\\T m bZ+{sT? bZH due+ @$T{?

(What is the nature and ways of participation in learning?)
5)
6)
7)
8)
nHwD n+f @$T{? m+<T? (What is exploration? Why?)

qT>=q&+ n+f @$T{? m+<T? (What is discovery? Why?)
X+B $< n+f @$T{?(What is child centred education?)
u<HudqqT m X+B+ #jTe#T? < b<jTT&T m jsT y*?
b<jTT b @$T{?
(How to make learning child centred? What is teachers role and preparation?)
9) X+B $< (In child centred education)

` b<jTT b (Role of teacher)
` |<Hb<jTT b (Role of H.M.)
` $<D X\\ b (Role of teacher training institutions)
` e]+> n~sT\ b (Role of monitoring officer)
- @$T #j*? @$T #jTL&<T? (What to do? What not to do?)
10) u<q |]+# edTe\T nq>, bs |d\T seTT\T #TsTq u<qudq m
|j>|&sTT?
(How supporting material and textbooks will be helpful in effective implementation of
active teaching learning pedagogies?)
47
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
3.2 H|<+ (Context)

&&T |\\+<s & #s*. d+ |<es> |P] njTes &eq+& #<Te
=qk+#*. n++& y] XqTks+ deT> n_e~ #+<*. HD L&q #<Te y]
n+~+#*. B <wjT+<T+#T sw $<XK |\T se\qT sb+~+ neT\T |sTdTq~.
nsTTq|{ {e\ sV+q ds |*\ HDyTq #<Te $wjT+ |\\T yq& Hs
*+~. qy<T $wjT+ >DjTyTq |s> k~+q|{ + eT< &eyd y] d+K
|sT>TH +~. B |< qsD+ eTq #<T e\T |\\ qT bsX \y| ]T \qT #d +&b e&+,
y] d\T, n_sT#T\T, nqTuT\T, csTTc\ $< se\ kq+ be&yT. |\\
HsTe&eTH~ d+w |jT>, |Vdq+> e]+~. #<Te\T nHds+> +& &, eqd
+<q <]rd HsTT. |*+> |\\ # eT+~ eT<H &eydTHsT. eTss+>
#b\+f & qT+& ]$TyjT&TTHsT. |]d n]{*q eXqT >T]+ s+<
$< u\\ V #+`2009 nudq+ @ $<+> +& |k$++~. #+ dH 29,
dudH 2 () B $esD +~. B |s+ nudq+ nH~ \T, qT>=q&+, nHwD\ <s
dV|P] yesD+ X+B+> +&*. nudq+ s>\+f |\\ #<Te |,
|s d++<+ q | sT $~> nudq+ >T]+ |dT |]d $XwD, $< V #+
|s=q n+X\T, |<C\ s#H\T, y{| d+|Ps ne>Vq, neT\T s]+#*q u<\ >T]+
\TdTy*q eX m+H +~.
3.3 HDyTq $< (Quality of Education)

HDyTq $< eTTK+> +~y{| <s|& +T+~.
` HDyTq u<q (Quality of Teaching)
` n+ue+, $wjT |]Cq+ *q b<jTT\T (Quality of teacher)
` s>>~ yesD+ ` ujTsV <+&q yesD+ (Quality of classroom environment
- fear free classrooms)
` b<jTT\ j, TLM |j>+, e|syTq n_e~, (Quality of teacher preparation

and their committment towards children learning)
` |\\ nudq+ |>, s> d++~+q keTs\ k<q
(Programmes in children
performances attainment of class specific competencies)
HDyTq $< ` UNICEF:

eT+ |u ee+yT q yesD+ |\\ +<sT d CH H| D\T (basic cognitive skills)
b+<TsT. $< HD <T D +T+< jTd|t *|+~.
1. nud&T (learner)
2. nudH yesD+ (learning environment)
48
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
3. $wjT+ (content - syllabus and textbook etc.)

4. nudH $<H\T (process)
5. nudq |*\T (outcomes)
|ejT L& u\\ V\ <s+> |+b+~+#* +T+~. n+f bsX\\T $$<
$<H\T u\\ V\ neT\T ~X> +&*. J$+# V, d+sD V, n_e~ V eT]jTT
$d+ V, u>keT| V. M{ ne>Vq #dT= |\\qT >s$+#*.
$< HD ` UNESCO J$ |s++ nudH H\T>T \\qT s++~.
\+ 1: \TdTe&yT HsT e&+ learning to know |\\ djT+> Cq sD+ sE #dT +{sT.
learner build their own knowledge on daily basis.
n+f \TdTe&+ m> HsTe&+, HsTe& HsTe&+, k<jT \+ *+&&+.

k<jT+ n+f eTw q qT \TdTe&+, |jD+#&+.
\+ 2: #jT& nudq+ ` learning to do HsTq~ m J$+ |j+#Ty\H
<| X< |&+. Focus on the practical application of what is learned.
n+f ~ Cq+ H|D+> es&+, CqX jX> es&+. n+<T j+ H|D\T
yTT<\T= dH H|D\ es n H|D\T e #sTsTT.
\+ 3: *d J$+#& HsTe&+ ` learning to live together de+ e> J$+#&
nedse TjT Jeq H| D\T, $e de+, deq+, d# yTT<\>T sC+> $\Te\|
<w Address critical skills for a life free from descrimination, equal opportunity to
develop etc.
n+f eTqTw\T ] sT dVJeq+ #jT&+ m> Hs&+. eTqTw\T ]H=sT ns+

#dTe&, *dyT\d J$+#& Hs&yT> $< HsTT+~. BH $< jTT #seT \+>
|seT|jq+> eTq+ u$+#e#T.
\+ 4: m<>& HsTe&+ ` learning to be eTw |P] keTs+ yTs m<T>T<\ nedsyTq
H|D\T. Skills needed for individuals to develop their full potential.
n+f eTw q nd n+^]+#yT{H HsTe&+. n s\ nk+* ~]+
qT qT> +&{ k<q #jT&+.
3.4 HDyTq u<q (Quality of Teaching)

b<jTT HDyTq u<q \D \qT * +T+~.
- u<q nH~ $<] +B+> +& HsT e&+| <w |{*. d\dt |P] n >+& n+<sT
|\\ T HsT e&+| <w |{*.
` u<q $<] nqTuy \qT |j +#T+ sb*. u<q <s Cq+ e&+ n >+&
$eTsH #q\ <s, deTd\ k<q <s $<] djT+> HsT =HT #j *. HsT e&+
nH~ $<] |jT + djT+> bZ deTd k<q qT + k++> |jT dH sT>TT+~.
49
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` |\\ T HsT e& b<jTT\T, nu dH \T, |qT\T eTT+<T>H j+ |\\ # #sTT+#&+

<s |\\ T djT+> nHw+ qT+{sT. |\* \ <s, |X \ <s +|#d
eT+ eTT HsT =H $<+ > b<jTT&T #j *.
y\ |P]+> |\\ qT #&*. y] deTd\qT, d+<V \qT n& \TdT= |]cs
<V<|& *. HDyTq u<q n+X\| <s|& +T+~.
1. |D[ #dT e&+ eT]jTT b<jTT j . (Planning and Teacher Preparation)
2. s> >~ yesD+ - sVD. (Classroom environment and Management)
3. u<H u dq - $<H\T. (Teaching and Learning Process)
4. b<jTT&T e|s + > u< eV+#&+ . (Teacher responsibilities)
3.4.1 |D[ #dT e&+ (Planning):
|\ @$T se&, @@ keTs\T k~+#& u<q #j * nH n+X+| b<jTT
|P] ne>Vq, |T+&*. HsT e&+ nH~ |]o*+#&+ , #jT &+, #s \T, +#&+ <s sT>TT+~.
{ m+{ #s \T @ @ n+X\| #sTT+ |\\ # +|#j
*. m+{ \T |\\ T
nqTue + <s djT+> HsT +{s +, m+{ {.m.m+.\T |j +#*, yqT& $<sT\
m dV jT #j * n eTT+<T>H + | jT{ bs+ q |D[ ydT y*. bs |d \T
|\\ qT < +#&q$ { b<jTT&T s ]|s H |d \T #~$, ueq\ (concepts) q
<VsD\T \T n<q| de#s+ q {+> H{ sdT= |\\ => n+~+#*.
b<jTT\T #<e +&, ]|s H |d \T #& +& |\\ nu dH HjT+ #jT sT . b<jTT
j nH~ e|s y T q n_e~, u<q |s+ >, |\\ qT |sD *+# $<+ > +&*. |sd s
|#s \, #s \ L&q u<H u dq |jT \ |\\ T @> bZ u>T> HsT =+{sT.
|D[\T ` y] eT]jTT jT{/ bs+
| b<jTT&T qT u~+# s> eT]jTT d d+es+ |\ @$T sy*?
|\\ T @ keTs\T k~+#*? keTs\ k<q mTe+{ u<q eT]jTT m+{ se\T sV+#*
n eTT+< |D[ #dT y*. |D[\T eTTK+> s +&T. 1. y] |D[ 2. jT{/ bs+
|D[. M{| | b<jTT& eT+ ne>Vq +&* eT]jTT +q keTs\T b+<& eTT+<
+ |D[ j sT #dT = sV+#*. |D[\ jTT e~] bsT +< e&sTT.
y] |D[ (Annual Plan) ` kbH\T:
1. s> :
2. d :
3. d+es+ d {sTT+#&q yTT+ |]jT&T:
4. d+es+ |\ +# nu dq keTs\T:
50
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
5. y] |D[ (H\ eT]jTT jT{ y>):

.d+.
H\
jT{/
|]jT&
bs+
d+K
(Sl. No.) (Months)
(Unit/
Lesson)
u<H ePV\T/
se\T
(No. of
periods
(Teaching
learning
strategies/
programmes)
u<H eqsT\T eT]jTT

keT
(Resources for
teaching [TLM])
1
2
3
6. y] |D[ neT\T| b<jTT\ |d+<q:

7. y] |D[ eT]jTT < neT\T| |< Hb<jTT d\V\T eT]jTT |d+<q
u<H ePV\T/ se u>+> e\+ s> ><T +& = | se\T nq>
d+<s q, k+d se\T, $Cq j\T, ke d+d\ d+<s q, de de yTT<\>T
se\qT L& y] |D[ #b* eT]jTT neT\T #j *.
jT{/ bs+ (lesson) |D[:
@$T u~+#*? m u~+#*? mTe+{ nu dq \T y*? |\* @$<+ > nu dq+
u>keTT\qT #j *? @$T = $wj \T #b*? nH$ b<jTT&T eTT+<T + |D[ j sT
#dT y*. eq, |D[ dT\u s + >, #sD j>+>, +#$<+ > +&&{ = bs{
j sT #jT &yT q ~. |D[ s +&+{ *| nq> jT{ eT]jTT |]jT& bH\ qT * +T+~.
|D[ kbH\T +~$<+ > +{sTT. n d \ < bs{qT |j +#*.
jT{/ bs+ (lesson) |D[ kbH\T:
1. jT{/ bs+ |sT
:
2. s>
:
3. jT{ {sTT+q yTT+ |]jT& d+K
:
4. k~+#*q $< |eD\T
:
5. |]jT& y> u<H u dq n+X\T eT]jTT $<H\T :
|]jT& d+K
(Periods)
u~+#*q n+X+/
u<H ePV\T (Teaching
learning strategies)
ueq\T (Teaching item/
concepts)
u<H u dq keT
(Resources for teaching
[TLM])
1
2
3
51
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
6. {+> H{ ` Teaching Notes: (u<H+X\T eT]jTT $<H\| b<jTT&T n<q+>

d]+#Ty*q de#s+.
7. b<jTT& |d+<q\T:
u<H ePV\T | d $$< s\T> +{sTT. HsTe&+ nH~ $q&+ <s, #<e&+
<s +& s |<T\T n+f #s\T (dialogues and discussions), \T (activities), bC\T
(projects), |+#&+
(questioning), |]o\q (observation), nHwD (exploration), qT>=q&+ (discovery),
$XwD (analysis), d+XwD (synthesis), eT+q+ (evaluation).
` |D[ | b<jTT&T |d]> |< H{T |Ty*. | jT{/ bs
<<| 20 |J\ es e~j*. | b<jTT&T k++> js bs d++~+q
u<H+X\T/ ueq\| de#s+ nq> n+X\ d++~+q n<q| de#s+, =
<VsD\T, +|C d |X \T, n<q| \T, d++~+q <\ T, d+|T q\T yTT<\>Tq$
d]+ nq> s|sH |d\T eT]jTT e>CqT, ys|\ qT+ d]+ {+> H{
+< sdTy*. | d+es+ = $wj\T {+> H{ #s*. B me |J\T
{sTT+#*. b<jTT jTT e|syTq j {+> H{ |]o*d *dbT+~.
bs |d + q de#s e+ {+> H{ +< sjTL&<T . e\+ n<q| de#s+
eyT <VsD\T, \T, +|Cd |X\T yTT<\>Tq$ sj*.
` b<jTT |d+<q\T n+f bs+ @ s+> ]+~? |\\T @$T HsTHsT? @ |<
HsTe& u> |j>|&+~? @ @ |\\T dH+> yT\T #bsT? eT+>
]q s> T \T, s> s> T \T, sD\T, eT+> n|+q n+X\T, $jTe+yT q ePV\T
yTT<\>Tq$ eT]jTT q nqTuy\qT b<jTT&T & sj*.
` | jT{, | d+es {+> H{ +< eT]jTT b<jTT |d+<q\ +<
b<jTT&T sdTy*. |D[ = d+es\ es |#dT+~. = $wj\qT
m|{|&T {+> H{ +< sdTy*.
>eT: |D[ jT{/ bs+ eT]jTT |]jT& |D[ eT]jTT {#sY &bT *d q~.
eq eT {#sY & neds+ <T. e]+> n~sT\T eq|&T |D[qT #ksT.
| jT{/ bs+ |D[ eTT+<T>H sdT= |< Hb<jTT& deT]+#*. |< Hb<jTT&T
#d q d\V\T, d#q\T d++ #j*. H{T yTT< y] |D[ sy
jT{ |D[\T sj*.
3.4.2 eT+ s> >~, yesD+ (Effective Classroom Environment):
s> >~ yesD+ uj
T sV +>, d# |P]+> +&*. |\\ T e{&{ d+<V \T
n&>{ m|&q $<sT\ |P] d# +&*. uj
T +, d+<V \T <syT |\\ T HsT +{sT.
s> yesD+ |eT |Ps+> +&*. |\\ #qTe> +&*. |s |\y*. |\\
T+ d++<y T q deTd\T $H*. d#> @yTH n&> yesD+ +&*.
52
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` b<jTT&T sTqe, |eT |Ps+> +& |\\ deTd\T $H*. neeq|s# & + , <+&q,
uj
T |&+ +&L &<T .
` s> >~ bVsy T q yesD+ +&*. |\\ >se+ |+#, y]| y] qeT+
*+# |\\T #dq |qT\qT @$T HsT=H, =+#+ HsTH L& >T& n
b<jTT&T uT + { bV+#*.
` HsT e&+ nH~ ke |jT |\\ T sT \ <s #d, $, |d+~d HsT +{sT.
eq s> |]o\q, yTT+ s> >~ #s \T \ <s HsT =H neX\T *+#*.
` <syT q y\TTsT, >*, Lse& d]jT q d\ +, >TsT eTsT>T<=&T eT+ s> ><T \T
+f |\\ T s> n*dbsT.
` HsT e& |X+ d+#*, bV\T y*, |r u\T&T u* L& HsT =H keTs +
q< eTq+ qe*. | |\y &T, Xs+ >, eqd+ > |X++>, ks e++> +&T
s> >~ yesD+ @ss#*. b<jTT |esq bV+#~> +&*.
nu dH yesD+ |+q s> ><T \ d\T:
` |\\ T HsT e&+ u>T> eT>+ njT $<+ > dy\T L&q nud+ \T eb e&+.
` |Hd |< bs+ #| &+, e\+ $q&eTH n+ du >\ u<H |< T \T ne\_+#&+ .
` bsX \ deTjT+ me deTjT+ |\\ T s> >~ Ls eT+ eTT #<T ee&+
|d + > & T \T #d HT |d + n<| > |X \T yT\T sdTe&+, nH~ k<sD+>
|+# <X\T.
` |< |< bs\T #<e &+, |X CyT\T sjT&+, $q&+ nH |jT \T #jT &+, >+\ s &
q|\\ T s> >~ Lse&+, e{& +& +&&+ nH y{ e\ |\\ T ndV H, $dT>T<\
>T]nesT. b|&T & deTjT+ neT +< jT y< j n &>+ d+ b<TsT#dT+ {sT.
eq | |]d +&, eTD |sT, |\\ e{& e+&, q n&>\|+#~,
n&> e+& s> |CkeT yesD+ +& #jT L&<T . b<jTT&T |\\ *dby*.
|\\ qT bV+> s> >~ #s \ eT]jTT HsT e&+ bZH #d b<jTT&T |\\
n_eH #s>=H*.
3.4.3 u<H u dq $<H\T (Teaching and Learning Process)
HsT e&+ nH~ HDyTq u<q MT< <s|& +~. u<q n+f #| &+ <T. $|+#&+
<s HsT H~ <T. u<q nH~ |jT , , nH $<H\T n+f #s \T, |]o\q\T,
|j >\T, |]X<q , bC \ T, nHwD\T, |<s q\T M+{ <s |\\ T nu dq+ #TsT> bZ
HsT +{sT.
$<H\ <s q deTd|, |\\ T k++> + eT<q |< #d, #d
HsT +{sT. bsX \ me deTjT+, |\\ T eTe&q deTd\| +#&+ , { $<sT\
53
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
#s \T s|& + , #d #&+ yTT<\>T y{ <s deTd\qT k~+#&+ eT>+ y*. B

b<jTT&T dV jTdV s\T bV+#*.
eT+ u<H u dq $<H\, |\\ T, bZ HsT e& b<jTT&T u<q eqsT\T, u<H u dq
keT d]+#Ty*. eT]jTT j sT #dT y*. |\\ T +#&+ , #jT &+ <s HsT +{sT.
eq de#s+ e&+| <w | +& #q\T, dqo\ H| D\| $$< keTs k<H \|
<w |{*. |sD, bV+ <sH |\\ T u>T> HsT +{s, HsT e&+ y |< q b
bwdT H jT, mH |]X<q \T #TTHsTT.
b<jTT u<q \ +, |\ dH , T> +|Cj
T &+, ue|ks H| D\T
sT \ *d| #d +, H| D\qT |+b+~+#&+ , y{ u< eV+#&+ yTT<\>T keTs
|\* u$ wT eT+ ke Jeq+ >& | #ksTT.
3.4.4 b<jTT\ HD ` e|syTq u<\T

(Teacher Quality - professional responsibilities)
HDyTq u<q nH~ b<jTT\ HD |qH <s|& +T+~.
(Quality teaching is
based on Quality of teacher).
b<jTT\ HD n+f @$T{?

` u~+# $wjT +|, u<H $<H\| b<jTT q ne>Vq +&*.
` |\\ due+ eT]jTT u\ <X ds|+, neds\| dw , Cq+, ne>Vq +&*.
` |\\ T b HsT +{sT? @ @ $<H\ <s |\\ T bZ djT+> HsT +{sT? n+f nu dq+
j T T d s | + | (Nature of learning and how children learn) q ne>V q
+&*.
` eT+q+ nH~ |\\T u>T> HsTe& |]+#~ eT]jTT u<qqT yTsT>T|]#~ nH
ne>Vq |\\T HsT=H|& y] |> \TdT= q $<+> |\\ HsTe&+
dVjT|&*.
| n+X\| ne>Vq sy\+f &.&., _.&., #~$ d]b<T. = $wj\ s+s+
| n+X\ d++~+q |d\T, yT>CqT\T, |\T, |]X<q\T #<y*. n|& eTq+ deTsTq
b<jT\eTe+. eTdbdq $<+>, s+s+ $<+>, |< u~+#&+ +&, =
|<T\, $<H #b*. @ $<q+ <s |\\T u> HsT+THs nH~ |]X~+#*. n|&
s|{ s eT+ #H|sTq, CqTq $<sT\qT jsT #jT>\TZ+.
d+es\ s& u<q @ esT +&, eTd $<q+ +&, = |<T\T, @ @
|<T\T $<H\ <s |\\T s> >~ u>T> bZ+{s #&*. b nsTT |\\T #TsT>
+& HsT+{sT? b+{ {.b.byT. |j+#*? n | b<jTT&T ] #dTy*.
u~+#eTT, nsTTbsTT+~ n +& u<H |*yT$T n q nqTuy\qT neq+ #dT= eT
u<qqT esT= eT+ |jT+#&yT b<jTT yTq se+. be nqTue+ n+f be
54
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
d+es\ <T. b = |<T\T ne\+_+#sT. u<q q<q Cq+ @$T n edT+~.

b<jTT&T u<H nqTue+ <s be HsT+{&T.
eT+, |DTq b<jTT\ \D\T:
` |\\ eT+ d++<\T, |\\ eT+ d# |CkeT |< T \qT neT\T#jT &+, |\\ #
n_e+|&&+ , |\\ qT |eT> #&&+ , y] sD *+#&+ .
` eT+ |D[\T j sT#dT e&+, neT\T|s# & + . eT+ \T, nqTuy \<s, bC \ T,
nHwD\<s |\\ T djT+> HsT HT #jT &+.
` e\+ de#s+ e&+ +& d\dt |P]#j
T &+ +& HsT e\dq keTs\T, H| D\T,
Cq+ ne>Vq| <w |{*.
` | + Cq deTTbsq d+ s+s+ #~y n\yT *e+& $$< e+s D deyX\
Vse, >+<\j\ y , dV #s b<jTT\ #]d ed+ +< |> k~+#*.
` du\ eT<, $$< bs\ eT<, $$< ueq\ eT<>\ d++<+| ne>Vq |+b+~+#*
(connections) n|& |\\T eT CH nqsTT+#T+{sT.
` eT+ u<q , nu dH u< eV+#*. + u<H $<H\qT bqTy*. {.b.byT.
deT]+#Ty*.
` |\\ X keTs\qT e~|s#*. y] k~sT\T> jsT#j* (student empowerment) .
- deTueq, deq neX\T *+#&+ : $<sT\ keTs\ <s+> ysT HsT HT #j *.
>T deTjT+, dVjT+ |\\+<sT +q keTs\qT b+< w#j*, k~+#*.
` dVq+, zsT, |\\ nedseT>T n<q| dVj HsTe&+ dT\us+>, dy\T
L&q~> #j*.
` |dT d+|Tq\T, ke deTd\ <s+> , eT+, #&T, HjT+, nHjT+, <s+,
n<s+ nHy{| #]+|Cd eT+ H $\Te\qT Jeq H|D\qT yKsT\qT H]+#*.
3.5 u<H u dq |jT \T ` |dT |]d (Teaching Learning process - existing situtaion)
` u<Hudq |jT\T e\+ d\dt |P] #jT& |]$TyTHsTT.
` |Hd|<, #~$ ns+ #|&+, |\\T $q&+ <s HsTe&+ nH d|P] |jT
=qk>&+.
` |\\ qT |\ d+ j sT#jT &yT < jT+> u<q sT>TT+~. +<Td+ > & T , d& y T {]jT
|jdTHsT.
` |\\ qeT\T, n_bj\T d+<V\ esD e b<qqT e&+.
` |\\ X keTs\qT |P]ksTT $j+#be&+.
` # =~eT+~ |\\ neds\qT rs ~X +&&+.
` nudq+ yqT&q |\\ | |D[ be&+. y] @$T s+&H | s>T\
y&+.
55
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` #TsTq u>keT+, #TsT> nudq |jT\ eT>+e&+<T.

` dy\T L&q nudq |qT\T |\\ *+ y{ ysT #TsT> bZH $<+> u<q
+&be&+.
` q\\ |j+, #s\ d++~+q |X\T sd <| |P] s> >~ #s |sds
ne>VqqT |+#Te&+<T.
` deTejTdT\ y] kjT+ HsTe&, +sy nudH e beTTKe&+.
` |\\ e> nudq X\T\ nqT>TD+> u<Hudq |jT be&+.
` # deTjT+ |D[<+> u<Hudq |jT\ sVD s>be&+. |\\T #TsT>
bZH be&+.
` bsX\ be deTjT+ |\\ {#sY #|+~ $q&+, #<Tee&+, |d\T, >&T\ qT+& #d
|#dTe& |]$T+ e&+. ne>Vqd+ #s\T, n_bj\T |+#Te&eTH$
|+#e. bsX \ |\\ T >& | deTjTeT+ y HsT H $<+ > b<jTT\T #]+#&+ ,
d\V*e&+, #d #|+#&+, |sds+ #]+# T|qT\ e+{ y{ {sTT+#&+
yTT<\>Tq$ s>&+ <T.
` {#sY ||swH |dT |]d
3.6
RTE Act - 2009
- |<C \+, $esD (RTE Act - 2009 Terms - Description)
sY{ 2009 ` 5e n<jT+`29e dH |s=HsT.

|\* +<+> #dT= y] nqTyq $<H se\T, |]X<q, qT>=q&+ <s
HsTy* (promoting learning through explorations, discovery in a child friendly and child
centered ways)
s#H\T:
3.6.1 + (Activity):
< ;eTT& wyTq e+\T > ns\ <HsTT. y{ >T]+ sjT+&. (3e
s> =\]qT\T`3) \T>Ty#+ jT{`1 2.u\;eTT&T +)
56
&T
&
&
jT
\T
jT d+
b+
>
< : \&T
*
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
e>+>, T> #jTe#T. ~ dy\T L& +& |\\T #TsT> bZ+{sT.

#]+ de<H\T sksT. |<\d+ nHwksT. |sds+ n_bj\T |+#T+{sT.
nedse T|d bs+X eTeT #<T esT. ]w deTjT+ s |\\ T sdq |<\T #~$ #| eTH*.
bsX\ $< d++~+q+es + nH~ |jT. |\\T #TsT> eT+eTT
bZ+ |PsCH $jd, J$ nqTuy\qT C&d HsTH |jT. + (#jT&+)
<s+> ]> nudH <s nudq+ n+{sT.
<s nudq+:
s> ><T |\\ nudq+ \ <s+> ]> < <s nudq+ n #|e#T.
|< > = d+es\T> #sD +~ #eT+~ |{es |<|q dsq ne>Vq
+&, d]> nqsTT+#+&H |< <s u~+#& |jT+ sT>T#Tq~. <s |<
ne\_+#*? +> ~ nedse? nd\T |< m $s$++~? nH |X\T b<jTT
|{ y~dH HsTT.
d\ +> #b\+f + nH ueq # |sqyTq ~. |\\ nu dq |jT eT[ jTe\|
<s|& +~. yTq <s nudq+ n+f e\+ Xs <* +& eqd n+X\
$T[yT +&*.
|\\ T d+<s\ u>T> HsT +{sT:
nu dq+ y] u>keT+ #dq |&T nq> |+ y] +| #dq |&T.
eTT : \ <s HsT e&+ nH~ nqTue |Ps+> HsT e&+ (experiential learning) \T
|#jT &+ e#T, |]o\q\T e#T, >| #s e#T.
\T :
1. Speed of evaporatory liquids.
2. How much of Income, the parents spending on their children education
+ n+f H{ L& # eT+~ b<jTT\T ss\T> n_bjT|&T+{sT. <:

` + n+f e\+ XsyTq~. nd\T nudq|jT B m+{ d++<+ +&<T.
` \T 1,2 s>T\ eyT |j>s+. | s>T\ M{ |j+#&+ e\ mTe+{
|jq+ +&<T.
` + s] \\T, $<H\T, |*\ L& +&*.
` <s u<qe\ d\+ d\dt |P] #jT&+ k<+ <T.
+ ` <VsD\T:
<: 1. njTk+\T b ]+#T+{sTT?
2. \ #\H @~ jT+dT+~?
3. <y\jTT uwueqkq+
4. yTT\ |sT y{ eZ]+#eTH*.
57
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
\D\T:
|\\ +q $<+> nudq+ y>+>, nse++> +&\+f ]w \D\T
+&*. <.
` #q\T s+#*.
` dy\T L& +&*.
` e>+>, , |P] s> #d~> +&*.
` VQ s> u<q |j>|&~> +&*.
` ksTT qT +&*.
` \+>, #sD+> +&*.
` ds+>, bZq& |]=~> +&*.
` #sT\T, esT\ Mq~> +&*.
` e KsT, KsT~> +&*.
|\\ d\T, n_sT#T\T, nqTuT\T, sTTcsTTc\ <s+> bs+X\ e\ <s+>
\T eTT+< sb+~+#T= s>>~ *+#*. $ e>+>, T>, |P] s> |qT\T>
y*. \T *+#& eTT+<T \ m bZH *| d#q\T dw+ > n+<] nse TjT
$<+> y*. \ bZH d+<s+ |\\T m bZ+THs >eT+#*. n+<s bZH
bV+#*. nedsyTq kjT+ n+~+#*. |\\T HsTH rsTqT n+#Hyj*. HsTq
n+X\qT |\\ #]+#*. |\\ |d+<q\qT {#sY q & ]sT #j*.
3.6.2 qT>=q&+ (Discovery):
@<H | eTq+ #|&+ +& |\ djT+> qTH bV+#*. <: eTTq>&+,
\&+, eTq |]ds\ q = edTe\T nq> |, ieTT, qT|s, bd | yTT<\>T
y{ @$ { \TsTT eTTqT>Tj #|+#*. sTy #d#d qTy*. ysT yTT<\T
}V++~ | | \TdT+{sT. > = <wj\qT eTq+ #|+& |\\T #d
eT+ eTT qTy*.
syTq nudq+ |\\ TqT qTeT&+|#dT+~. dy\T L& +&&+e\ |\\T
#TsT> bZ+{sT. qq n+X qT>=HeTq | y] qHC *d eT]+
y>+ > HsT H #dT + ~. ~ nse +yT q nu dH |]=\TT+~. |< e\ |\\ T u\Xdy \ T>
nqTu #+<TsT.
qT>=q&+ <s nudq+ (Discovery learning)
<: u~+# s> bs |d \ bs+X\ qT>=q&+, nHwD\ <s HsT H neX+
q ueq\T/\qT >T]+ nedsyT q q #sT\T, esT\T #dT |\\ yT djT+>
qT>=q&+, nHw+#&+ <s HsTH neX\T |\\ *+#*. |\\T bZH rsTqT ]sT
58
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
#j*. dH y*Tq |\\qT n_q+~+#*.

` qTeTT, n\$TjT+, >E, |+>D yTT<\>T |<s\T @$ eT+ w >V\T
` @ <e |<s\T eT]> c>\ T me> +{sTT. e> +{sTT. }V+#+&, #d
qT+&.
` n yTT\ |sT>T<\ deq+> +T+<. u< \T +{j, \TdT+&. mseT{, q\eT{,
+&TeT{, B me \+ eT +T+~. yTT\T y{ |]o\q <s qT+&.
3.6.3 nHwD (|]X<q) (Explorative Survey)
1. < MT +{ #TT|\ = qT #&+&. y{| |\T m Hj +~ |{
sjT+&. (3e s> ` eTq+ ` eTq|]ds\T. 10 ss\ )
.
. .dd++K
+{ ||
+{ s+
#<TqT>
@y\T>
1. @syTq me> HsTT?

2. y{| |\T m HsTT?
syTq \T |\\ \TdTy\q |qqT s*ksTT. ss\ D\ eT<q X*
de#s+ d+ nHwksT. de#s $ywksT. |*+> k<sDsD s>\T>TsT. eT
n_bj\qT <&|s#T+{sT. b<jTT\T $XwD |X\T n& |\\ nHwD, |]X<q <s
qT>=q $wj dVT+> s{*. Te+{ \T *+#&+e\ |\\T eT+yT
\TdTHeTq ueq \T>TT+~. bs|d de#s+ <s b+~q CH nqsTTksT. e~
|s#T+{sT.
+= <: MT & esD, MT +{ |s{> @ @ s\ yTT\T HsTT. @ @ s\
{\T, |sT>T\T HsTT. |]o*+ < Jey$<+ #|eTH*.
nHwD <s nudq+ (Learning through exploration):
<:
` nudq+ nH~ X+B+> s>*.
` |\\T eT #TT q ||+# J$ nqTuy\T, T |\T n+X\qT nHwd
qq n+X\qT qT>=+{sT.
` ueq\T #| $ |\\ T HsT +{sqTe&+ <T. |\\ T #jT &+, |]o*+#&+ <s uy\qT
ne>Vq #dTy* < k++> qTy*.
59
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` qT>=q nqTuy \ qT+& nHwD <s |\\ T djT ne>VqqT ]+#T+{sT. n< d+<s +
eTTKyTq s H|D\T, yKsT\T |+b+~+#T+{sT.
` b<jTT\T |\\ nHwD\T, qT>=q$ nse++> +&T y] bVd >T dVs
y] n+~+#*.
` |\\ ys+ ys |\T qq $wj\qT qT>=q&+ nH~ y] eT+ |sDqT *ZdT+~.
qT>=H n+X\T nudq \\ #+~qy +&*. ~ | eqsT\qT *+#&+, dy\T
L& +&&+, nudq \\ k<q |]+# |X\T yjT&+ e+{ y{e\ k<eTeT+~.
` b<jTT\T |\\ nu dH |P]> eTT nqTq s>\qT= \qT sb+~+#T=
*d ysT qq n+X\qT qT>=H d#q T sT. y] dHqT & #dq yssT.
` m|& |\\T nHw+#\, = n+X\qT qT>=H\qT s]+#T |jTks, <
n|&T ysT X<> j \ bZq&+, ndq nudq+ s>&+ eTq+ #&e#T.
m|& |\\T nHwD, qT>=H+<T nqTeTky n|&T y eT nudq+| |P]
jT+DqT * +{sT. eT ne>VqqT, H| D\qT, yK sT\qT eT neds\T, nqTuy \
>ZT> n_e~ |s#T=+{sT. bs+ sd, < @ $<+> \ <s, qTe&+
(Discovery) <s, nHwD <s, Exploration <s |\\T djT+ #d, #d HsT+{sT.
nHwD ` <VsD\T:
1. @ @ sD\ e\ TTTe\T \T @s&TsTT.
2. @ @ <e |<s\T =+<s> eT]jTT \d+> $] nesTT.
3. >eT+ T+u\T eT <jT+ m+ X+ |\\ T bwD| KsT |&sT.
4. T+u\ |\\ T, |<\ T sE m+ deTjT+ {.$. #&&+ >&T |THsT.
5. > ys+ s> |\\ T rdT=q Vs |<s\ C_ eT]jTT y{ bw $\Te\T
(|+&|< s\T, b{H , =e |<s\T) j sT #jT +&.
3.6.4 X +B $< (Child Centred Education)

#<Te nH~ X+<+> |\\T HsTH$<+> =qk>*. n+f |\\ nqTuy\, y]
#q\, jo\ u>ke |<| yjT&+. +<Td+ b<jTT\T |\\ eqd_e~,
y] n_sT#T\qT, +\qT <w |T u<Hudq |jT\qT |D[<+> sV+#*. $
y$<u]+> +&, |\\ u, k+d, ke b<e\ b<q#$> +&*. |\\
n_bj\ $\Te#$> +&*. s> ><T \ u<H d+<s + > |\\ T |D + #TsT> bZ+
eT+ eTT HsTH neX\T n+~|#Te&+ |<q+ y*. b<jTT&T d\V<sT>,
esZ<]>, k\us> eeV]+#*.
3.7 |\\ due+| ne>Vq (Understanding Childhood)

` |\\T $X+ q | edTeqT, <wj\qT \TdTy\H T +{sT.
T ku$+. |\\+<] +T+~. B =qk+#&, |+b+~+#& |jT+ s>*.
60
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` |\\T X e++> +{sT (Children are energitic) |\\T # Ls+& m|&T @<
| #dT+{sT. e{&TT+{sT. &TT+{sT. m+<T+f m|&T ysT V+> eT]jTT
X +{sT. B HsTe&+ |j+#*. \e++> Lsu{ dy\T L&q
(challenging learning tasks) @ | e+&, y] XX+> @ | #jT +& n\yTqT
#jTL&<T (Culture of silence and idealness).
|\\T sT\ *d ke due+ *Z +{sT
|\\T sT\ *d | #jT& w |&sT. |<\ *d +&{ y, |+&T>
n+<] *d +&\, |qT\T #j\ sT+{sT. bZq+ <s ke H|D\T
n\e&TsTT eq >| |, yTT+ s> | <s \T, bC\T #sTT+#*.
|\\T |X+dqT, bV sT+{sT
|X+ d\T, bV+ e\ |\\ T u> T nu dq+ bZ+{sT. HsT e& |jT ksT .
eT+ |esqqT n\esTe& |jTksT. eTqT >eT+#\ sT+{sT. b<$T+> nudq+
|X+d, bV+H sT>TT+~. <+&q, ujT+ e\ HsTsT. #<TeqT+&, n+{ |<X+ qT+&
<s+> +&{ |jTksT.
|\\T <+&qq $eTsqT, neeq |s#& d]+#& w|&sT.
|\\T <+&q, neeq |s#&+, $eTs, ujT|&+, e#d e{&+, syTq d]jTdt
yesD w|&sT. M{ <s+> +{sT. n+{ e\q w|&sT. <wksT.
3.8 dV|P] yesD+ (Child Friendly Environment)

|\\T q+<+>, V<s+> HsTy*. ujT+, & d#jTT yesD+ q#H
|\ $d+ u> sT>TT+< eTq+<] *d+<. |\\ n_bj\, n_sT#T\ q kq+
*+q|&T eyT ysT V<+>, q+<+> +&>\TZsT. X+B u<Hudq |jT\T
*+ u<q |\\T #TsT> bZH #j*. Te+{ yesD+ s> >~ *+q|&T
eyT n~ dV|P] yesD+ n #|e#T.
dV|P] yesD \D\T:
` ujT+ +& b<jTT&T |\\ d#, *jT ns+ $wj\qT ++&
|\\T n&> yesD+ *+#&+.
` |\\+<s bZq&+.
` ksTT q u<Hudq |jT\T *+#&&+.
` \T V+, |sD, d *++#$ +&*.
` b<jTT&T esZ<]>, d\V<sT>, k\us>, dVT& eeV]+#&+.
` |sds+, { y] <s HsTH neX+ +&&+.
` n_bj* >s$+#&+.
61
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` &, <+&q ujTsV yesD+.

` nqTuy\T, uy\T, n_bj\qT d#> e]+# neX+ +&&+.
` n_q+<q, bV+, |sD, neX+ e+{ y{ b<q +&&+. yTT<\>Tq$.
B d++~+q s>>~ <VsD n<jT+H \TdT+<+.
3.9 nudq+ n+f? (What is Learning?)

# eT+~ nudq+ n+f |d+ de#s |Hd|< <s |\\ n+~+#&+,
|X\ <s n+~+q de#s s&+>H u$ksT. Be\ # bsX\ b<jTT&T
e\+ #| &+, $<] $ ns+ #dT = >TsT |Te&+ sT>TTq~. yde +> nu dqeT+f de#s+
ne>Vq #dT= nqTue+ <s Cq+> esTe&+. nedsyTq|&T, d+<s+> CH
$j+#>\>*. yTs dsq nudH nqTuy\T b+<be&+ e\q |\\ { $<q+ |
eTs esZ+ |]d H\=q~.
<T $<y\ T |]X<q \T #d |\\ +<]q nu d+# X +< s|+#sT. B |s+
|\\T d++> CH ]+#T>\sT. |\\ de#s n+<TuT + y] |PsCq+,
|PsqTuy\ CH ]+#TH+<T b<jTT\T d+<qs\T> k\us\T> (|d*fsY)
+&*.
k+|<jT+> u$dTq T b<jTT\T Cq<\T sT, |\\ T Cq>V \T sT. Cq s\T.
n+ b<jTT d#q |s+ q&T#T=H eTseTqw\T sT.
| n+X\qT |]o*d de#s |PsqTuy \ d+<q+ #dT = keTs\ |<T qT |T=
d+<sqTks+ $j+# X |+b+~+#Te&yT nudq+ n #|e#T.
3.10 nu dq due+, |\\ T b HsT +{sT?

(Nature of learning - How children learn)
` |\\ T e\+ $q&+ #<e &+ <sH +& nH s |< T \ <s L& HsT =+{sT.
nq> nqTuy \T (Experience), |qT\T, \T #jT &+ <s (learning by doing) |j >\T
#jT&+ (experimentation), #s\T (discussion), n&>&+/ |+#&+, +#&+,
|d+~+#&+, + d++> sjT&+, (asking / questioning, listening,thinking,
reflecting and expressing, one self) yTT<\>T y{ <s HsT =+{sT.
` V+> HsT e&+ nH~ |\\ +<] ku$+>H +T+~. n+<sT |\\ T HsT >\sT.
HsT =H keTs + |\\ +<] q~. HsT e&+ nH~ bsX \H >+& jT yesD+
L& sT>TT+~. nu dH yTsT>T|s# \+f | d]> s> >~ nu dH & jT
\, nqTuy \ nqTd+<q+ #j *. #jT &+ <s |]o\q <s, +#&+ <s
u>T> HsT +{sT.
` ns >V +#&+ , ne>Vq #dT e&+, ]+> +#&+ , deTd\ k<q , nHw+#&+ ,
qT>=q&+, #s \T yTT<\>T y{ <s nu dq+ u> sT>TT+~.
62
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` |\\ T eqd+ >, Xs+ >, yT<|s+ > d+d<T \ T eTT+< & |+| nu dq+ sT><T .
Te+{ |]d T |\\ T bs\qT { |{ n| #Ts, de#s ne>Vq #dT sT,
J$ nqsTT+#TsT . L& Hs n+X+ | |\\ b<$ T ne>Vq < q
keTs\T H L& |\\ HsT =H $wjT + | nsTTw @s&TT+~. du q T wy T q ~>
u$ksT . { | d]> yT<|s+ > d+d<T \ qT #jT &+ eTq u< .
` nu dq+ u> s>\+f q |X \ <s |\\ qT +| #j *. \T, deTd\T, bC \ T
<| |\\ qT e{&+ #*. #d+ ~, HsT =q~ ]bsT\ s|+ sjTeTH*. s> >~
|<] + #s |eTH*. #d |\\ T d+w+>, u>T> HsT =+{sT. Te+{ |qT\
y$ < +, dy\T (challenge) +T+~. $dT>T<\ +&<T . |qT\T #jT &+ <s HsT +THsT.
eq @> +T+~. |\\ T w+ > #jT &+ e\ y{, V+> bZ+{sT. HsT e&+
dT\u+ > *jT+&H sT>TT+~. |qT eT>+ nesT { n\] #jT &+ yTT<\>T
eTD deTd\T q+ e.
` nu dq+ nH~ |]ds\ |\\ T |sd s |d+<H\ <s, |]o\q\ <s, de+ $$<
e\ ]| |sd s #s \ <s sT>TT+~.
` |\\ T eTq |Ps Cq+ <s = Cq+ b+<& |jT ksT . Cq sD+ nH~ |\\ T
k++> |]ds\, e\ |sd s #s , |d+<q\ (interactive) <s sT>TT+~. |\\ +<]
|Ps Cq+ ysT ysT > +T+~. { = n+X\ | n+X\ ne>Vq #dT e&+ L&
ysT > +T+~. { |\\ T eT nu dq+ +&sT . |\\ Cq sD, q
nqTuy \T, \T, #s \ <s +|Cj
T &+ nH$ #j *.
` HsT e& eTTKyTq ~ s> >~ yesD+, nq> uj
T sV yesD+. |\\ u <,
|eT bjT #|+#&+ , b<jTT&T |\\ *dbsTT ysT HsT HT #jT &+, e> + >
#| &+, *jT $wj \T n&>e T |\\ T |+#& bV+#*. s> >~ |]Xu+ >
+&*. q\\, #sT\ T |j + u~+#*. bs d++~+ $$< ueq\ ne>Vq,
= |X \T q\\ | sd, |X \| #]+|Cj
*. #s ]|q n+X\ b\Ty*. |\\ qT
bs+ #~$+, #s \T #sTT+#*. eTTKyTq y{ q\ \| sj*. Be\ |\\ T |X \
>T]+ ksT . yT yT\T k++> #TsT. sT \T #| q < $+{sT. s>
>~ HsT e&+ sT>TT+~. BH (interactive learning) #s \T, |d+<q\ <s HsT e&+
n+{sT. eT+ ke yesD+ s> >~ @s&TT+~. |\\ T eT n_bj\qT
d#> e ] +# neX+ +{ $<H\ <s \_dT + ~. n+<sT |\\ T #TsT> +{sT.
#s bZ+{sT. > \T, |j >\T, |]o\q\T L& #sTT+#&+ <s nu dH
Vu] + #d |\\ +<s eT>+ njTT #jT #T.
` HsT =H|&T | \T s>& + #T#dT +T+~. |\\ | \qT m #|&+ , +~+#&+ ,
sT b\&+ +#|s # & + e+{$ #jT L&<T . |\\ T #dq y{ @yT+ #Xs >T]+#*.
63
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
n_q+~+#*. ysT #dq | \qT |\ d]~<T H s> #s sV+#*. ds q ~ @<

b<jTT&T $e]+, |\* eTT sdq y{ d]b\TeT nH*. (competition) B e\
|\\ T HsT =H |jT eTd+ bZ+{sT. n< |> | \T y~ 'X' \T |{ m# |q+
eq, | m+<T ]+< >T]+#& T . | \T bjTq uj
T +/ qq ue+
e{ & { , * j T C j T & , | < ] +# & eTT+< T ss T . Be\ nu d q +
+T|&T T+~.s>< T .
u>keT nu dq+ (Collaborative learning)
HsT e&+ nH~ ke |jT , sT \ e{&T , sT \T e{&~ $+Tq|&T,
#s bZ+Tq|&T, { y] *d |#jT &+ <s n|jT +>H nH $wj \qT >V dT+ {sT.
~ d+<s+> L& +T+~. k<sD+> |<\ >, *< + &T\ < b<jTT\T eTT
#| &+ e n $wj \qT |\\ T HsT +THs u$dT+ {sT. = |\\ eTq+ @$T $wj \T
#b*? e\+ $ eyT |\\ \Tk? $T>$ |\\ m \TdT? n d |\\ T HsT =H
$<q+ u<| & T T+~. |\\ T eT { y] * &&+ , b&&+ , eTT#{+#&+ , #]+#&+ , y~+#&+ ,
* |#jT &+e+{$ sb\ <s me> HsT =+{sT. $wj \T eT { y] #]+#&+
e\ y] Cq+ $d y T T +~. sT \ *d HsT =H |< T |qT\ <s *+#e#T. ~
u>keT nu dH &&TT+~.BH bZq&+ <s HsT &+ nqe#T.
|\\T m HsT=+{sT?
#q nudH eT\+. eqd Xdy\T, $<y\ |]X<q\ |s+ |\\
HsT>*q X n+sZ+> +T+~. ~ |TH d+$TdT+~. |\\T k<sD+> |]ds\
<s edTe\ |sds |#s\T ]| deTejTdT\T, |<\ dVs+ HsT=+{sT. bsX\
b<jTT&T *+q d+<syTq nse+yTq \ bZ |PsCq+ <s+> qq CH
]+#T+{&T. nsTT |\\T HsTe&+ eTTKbqT bw+# |jT\qT \TdT=+<+. n$:
` +#&+
` |]o*+#&+
` |+#&+
` u>keTT\T e&+
` |sds |#s s|&+
` s+s nHwD
` qT>=q&+
` #]+#&+
` |sds+ uy\qT |+#Te&+
` u, yT<|syTq \ bZq&+
` d+<]+#&+
64
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
nsTT |\\ nudHqTuy\qT *+#|&T eTq+ n+X\+{ |]>Dq

rdT=+THe? nudq+ |jT\T #T#dTb HsTq~ *e? XXe?
d+|Pse? nd+|Pse? n+#+&!
3.11 |\\ T HsT e&+ b+<T yqT&TTHsT?

(Why children fail in learning)
> <X\+ qT+& >TD $< se\T <eTksTT sV+#&TTq|{ |\\T

nudq yqT& qT >eT+#&+ ]+~. ACER 2000 |s+ 8es> $<sT 20.62%
eT+~ |s>|t/ <qT #<ebTHsT.
|\\ nudq nH +\T sV|sTdTHsTT. y{ =+{ |]o*<+.
` |dT d\dt q bs\T HsT y\+f |\\ d uckeTs\T nq> #<e &+, k++>
eT uy\qT sjT&+, #~$q < ns+#dT= k+ e sjT&+, >D+ d+
#<T]< |jT\T nq> L&, rdy, >TDs+, d+UCq+ yTT<\>Tq$ sy*. $ sb
|\\ T #<e & |jT +#sT . ysT k++> #~$ ns+ #dT +f, #<T e nd\T yqT&sT .
` dsq nudq \T *+#be&+.
` |\\T d#> +, bZ e]+# neX+ ebe&+.
` >&T, H{ |j+#&+e\, |\\T + djT+>, d++> eT uy\qT e|s#&+
s>&+<T. d+d eTq+ |+b+~+#&+<T.
` ueq\T |P]> ne>Vq eTT+< bs eTT+#&+. eTsbs+ #|&+.
<. rdy ueq ne>Vq +&H >TDs+ #sTT+#&+, sTy u>Vs+ #sTT+#&+
|*+> |\\T | s>T\ y[H + rdyH +&&+.
` uc]q, d#q\T |<C\+| ne>Vq *+#be&+.
` |\\ d, n_sT#T\T, yKsT\qT |]>Dq rdTbe&+.
` |\* sTV|s#&+, $e #|&+, |\\T HsT eTT+<T bbe&+, sTV+,
ujT+ \>&+.
` eTd $<H u~+#&+, |\\T eT<q X* HsT=H neX+ ebe&+.
` |\ q X keTs\qT >T]+, q |qT\ <s y] #<Te eT>+ #jTbe&+.
de#s+ m|&T Cq+> esTT+~?
bsX \ bs |d q de#sq+ j+, { $<H |\\ yT< dTH s:.
Be\H |\ $y#q, $XwD, dsTuT, deTk |]cs X |dTHjT # eT+~ $eT]dTHsT.
nudq+ n+f de#s+ b+<&+ <T. k<sD+> de#s+ nH~ q q u>\T>,
ndeT>+> +T+~. de#s+ esT\T, #sT\ & +T+~. nudq D+ |]o*+q|&T
de#s+ eTT&dsT.
65
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
]\+ ueq\ d++~+q de#s+ k<sD+> bs |d \T, ]|s H |d \T, \T,

#sT\T, ys |\T, e>CqT, <XXeD sb\ +T+~.
nsTT ]\+ s]+q ueq\ d++~+q de#s s> >~ nse+yTq,
|j>syTq u<Hudq |jT\ <s, nqTuy\ <s (experimental) Cq+> ]+#&*.
|\\ |Ps nqTuy\T, \ eT>+e&+ e\ |\\T +, |]o*+, |]X~+, ssD
se&+ <s de#s+ Cq+> esTT+~. Cq+ <s H| D\qT |+#>\ q|&T n~ keTs +>
esTT+~. $<+> |\\T keTs+ b+~q|&T ueq\qT XX+ #LsTT+~. | ueq|
|\\qT +|#j*. < d++~+ y] |PsCq+, e|s#T #j*. #s\ bZHT
#j*. u<Hudq j++> +& jo\+> ]>T #j*.
3.12 nu dq due+ jTe\T (Nature and principles)

` nudq+ nH~ e>+> +f sT\ <s, de+ <s sT>TT+~.
` CH+~j\ <s HsTq~ u~, nudH &&TT+~. u\<X |\\T #&&+ <s,
#jT&+ <s u> me> HsT+{sT.
` nqTuT\T, |sD <s |\\T |uee++> y>+> HsT+{sT.
` d eT]jTT V<+ nH$ b<$T <X $<] m+ u> bsX\ HsT+TH&T nH~
ssTTksTT.
` |sD, d, HsTe&+ eT>+ e&+, eT d+w+ nH$ nudH |]+# eTTKyTq
n+X\T.
` uw eT]jTT ue e s D H| D\T b<$ T+> HsT e& |] ksTT. eq b<$ T ksTT
uw eT]jTT ue e s D H| D\ n+ beTTK y*.
` b<jTT\T |\\ dVjT+#d eT+>, sD X~>, w+> |jTd wyTq ueq\T
L& |\\ ne>Vq #sTT+#e#T.
` nqTue |PsyTq \T, nqTuy\ <s HsTe&+ (Learning by doing) nqTuy\T
|+#Te&+ keTV nu dq+ collaborative learning yTT<\>Tq$ |u ee+yT q nu dH
&&sTT.
` s> >~ |\\T, b<jTT\T *d |sds #s\ <s, \ <s, Cq sD w
#j*. |\\qT ueq\| +|#j*. y] k+ uy\ nqTuy\ |+#Te&,
e]+#& neX$Ty*. s+> |\\ Cq sD+ sT>TT+~.
` nu dq+ deTkk<q |<| yj *. deTd\T \TdT= y{| de#s dsD |]X<q ,
#s\<s deTd\ >T |]cs\T y*.
` deTd\ |]cs, jT, <w |< eT+~. |\\T deTd\T k~+#|&T q n+X\|
ue e s D #d|&T | \T #jT &+ dV +. | \T #d H HsT +{sT. eq | \|q H
eTq+ <w |+& |\\ |jT\T, n_sT, d >eT+ bV+#*. |\ qT+#
|\\T HsT+{sT.
66
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` #TsT> +& HsTe&+ (Active Learning) b<eT <X n eTTKyTq~. #s\T, \T,
\ T, uj
T + L&Tq bsX \ eT]jTT s> ><T \T, |\\ eqd eT]jTT Xs m<T>T<\qT
+|sTksTT eT]jTT $ HsTe& s~ksTT.
` |\\ T HsT H|&T |<\ T >eT+ >T $<+ > dV jT dV s\+~d |\\ T u> HsT +{sT.
ds+ eTT+<T bsT.
` nHwD |< (exploration learning) #jT&+ <s HsTe&+ (learnign by doing) b
#d qTe&+ (Discovery) deTk |]cs+ |< (problem solve), \T, du|syTq
\T, nqTue|Ps nudq+ #TsTq nud+q, HsTH |jT |\\T n+<sT bZq&+,
|jT H|D\ <s HsTe&+, nH$, b<$T $< <X eTTKyTq |<T\T. $ @yTs
eTq+ s> ><T |jdTH+ nH~ | b<jTT&T +#*q $wjT+.
` |\\T dV> V+>, d> +{sT. (Curosity) B eTq+ bV+#*. neX+
y*. < eqe #]qT s> sdT+~. HsTe&+| T |\\ q+qH&T eTq+
<X sD+ #jT+. |]o\q\T, bC|qT\T, |]o\q\ |\\T #TsT> bZ u>T>
HsT+{sT. CqsD <V<|&sTT.
` |\\ $Xd+, >se+ |+ bw+#*. e #d e{& L &<T , u>T> #<T eTHe
eT+ deTsq, bV+, eT+ |qT\q eT+ |jT\q n_q+~+#&+ nH$ |\\T eqd
eT]jTT yT<|syTq m<T>T<\ &&sTT.
` =+<s|&, ujT|& e& >T]#d, sT\ b* nudq+ s><T. >T deTjT+,
bVs eT]jTT e& uj
T sV yesD+ |\\ T HsT +{s eTsjT T n s+>\
m<T>TsT.
` uw, >D+bT \T, b\T, <\T, |]o\q\T, ueT\T yjT&+, yTT<\>Ty{ <s
b<$T $<qT dTd+|q+ #j*. y{ <s |\\ & eT]jTT #<Te| d eT]jTT
HsTe&+ q+<+ b+<TsT. d, nqTs, d+w+ nH$ |\\ b<$T $<
eT\d+u\T.
nudq+ m s>*?
`
`
`
`
`
`
67
HsTe&eTH~ $q&+, #<e&+, sjT&+ <s +& +~ $<\T> +T+~.

\ <s
nHwD\T
qT>=q&+
deTk |]cs+
d+uwD\T
#s\T
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
`
yT+& e|+>
ke nudq+
|P] s>>~
>| \T
nqTuy\ <s nudq+ s>*
3.13 \T, qT>=q&+, nHwD\ <s nu dq+ jTT neT\T ` u< \T

(Learning through Activities, Explorations and Discovery - Implementation and
Responsibilities)
s+< $< u\\V`2009 #+ nudq+ nH~ \T, qT>=q&+, nHwD\

<s s>\ $dw+> |s=+~. B neT\T #j*+~ ksTT s>>~ u<Hudq
|jT\T #|f b<jTT\T. = <Xu\T> <s u<q $<H\ >T]+ |\T se\
|\T y~\| #]+#Te&+ ]+~. bs|d\T L& <s |< <s+> sb+~+#&+
]+~.
1. s> ksTT \T, qT>=q&+, nHwD\ <s nudq+ ]> #d |P] u<
b<jTT\<. B b<jTT&T + eTT+< #s d++~+ |X \T, \T yTT<\>Tq$
d<+ #dT= s> >~ sy*. n+f b<jTT j, #<e&+, H{ sdTe+
nH$ n+ eTTKyTq$. nHwD, qT>=q&+, \ q <VsD\T |qT\T n$
#jT&+ <s = $wj\qT HsTHT b<jTT&T #j*. = \T, nHwD\T,
bC\T b<jTT\T eT {+> H{ sj*.
2. s> >~ u<q m|{|& |]o*d b<jTT\ >T d\V\T, d#q\T y*q
u< d++~ bsX\ |<Hb<jTT~.
3. ]q nudH, |> y~\ s|+ mdt.m+.d. deyX\, eT+&\ksTT ]>
dMT deyX\ deT]+ #]+# u<qT |<Hb<jTT\T d]+#*.
4. bsX\\qT d+<]+# e]+> n~sT\T, $wjT|DT\T s> >~ u<qqT |]o*+
\T, qT>=q&+, nHwD\ <s nudq+ +q $<+> sT>TT+< < >eT+#*.
q esZ<sq+ #j*.
5. $<XK DIET, CTE, mdt.d..sY.{. ksTT u~+# b<jTT\ \T, qT>=q&+,
nHwD\ <s deTse+yTq nudq+ @ $<+> sT>TT+< *| / ne>Vq @s]#
$<+> #{ yT{]jT sb+~+ DqT sV+#*. Dq+s+ nqTdsDjT seT+
#|{*. bsX\ u<q nudq |jT\qT |]o*+#*. D+f be> b<jTT&T
djT+ |sT& |$T+#*.
68
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
3.14 neT\T d\T (Indicators of Implemntation)

` b<jTT |D[, Teaching Notes |\\qT #]+|#d |X\T, \T *|+#*.
` |\\T n&T/\Te esTd dss> Ls=q+& e\js+, ns es+, >| s#T>
esT +&*.
` |\\T e\+ b<jTT&T #|~ $q&+ +& ` |+#&+, #|&+, {y] #]+#&+,
>| |#jT&+, y~+#&+ e+{$ #j*.
` u<q |Hdq |<, HsTe&+, $q&+ <s +& #s\T, |+#&+, \T #jT&+,
bC yTT<\>Ty{ <s s>*.
` |T+Te\T, n{dT\T, >]<yT, >|t\T, e|t\T, |{\T, |{\T e+{ eqsT\qT |\\T
djT+> $jd HsTy*.
` b<jTT e< u<H keT, |\\+<] e< nudq keT +&*.
` b<jTT d+d< ` bs |D[ \T, |j>\T, bC\T, &\T e+{ \qT
dw+> |s=H*. keT d]+#*.
` |\\T ueT\qT, keT |]o*d, >D &\T, uc& #TsT> bZ+, |j>\T
#d nudq \ eT>+ y*.
` eT+q+ s+s+ > deT>+> sVd +&&+ , |> qy<T *+#*.
` bs+u |, Formative, Summative Assessment \ |\\ ksTT |> |+#&+.

n<jT+ eTq+ $<V #+ b+<T|]q $<+> nudq+ @ $<+> +&
\TdTH+. n> |\\T HsTH $<H\T, V<s, dV|P], X+B yesD+ m
*+#e# \TdTH+. n+X\ |s=q $<+> s> ><T\T s|~<Ty*q neds+ +~.
HsTe&+ n+f e\+ bs|d+ de#s $+ @y = |X\T n&, |X\ yT\T
>&T\T, d& yT{]jT #d sjTeT, $<+> |\\T +q $<+> d+~+#s <s u>
HsTHs u$+#L&<T. |\\T nHwD\ <s, |]X<q\ <s <s |< eT+ yT
qT>=q& nqTe> +& u<Hudq |jT\T *+q|&T, |\\T y{ #TsT> bZ
nukqTuy* b+~q|&T eyT HsTe&+ sT>TT+< u$+#*. ~X b<jTT\T
dH, |P], dV|Ps, d$T[ yesD+ * +& s> ><T\ |jT\qT
]+#Ty*.
69
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
4. ujTsV yesD+ - ujT+, +<q, <+&q e+{ y{ qT+&

u\\qT $eTT+ #d ysT eT uy\qT d#> e]+#T &&*
(Fear Free Learning Environment - Making children free from fear trauma and
anxiety and helping the child to express views freely )
4.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

H|<+ (Context)
4.2
4.3 uj
T + yesD+ ` |d T |]d
(Fear Free Environment Existing Situtaion)
4.4 |\\ T Xs, eqd <+&q\, + y~+ |\ $e b+<T >TsTHsT?

(Why children subjected to physical, mental, sexual abuses and
discrimination)
4.5
RTE - 2009
- uj
T sV yesD+, e s D d# >T]+ |k$+q dq T,
$es\T
4.6
(RTE - 2009 Related sections for Fear free Environment and Freedom)
<+&q\T - s\T (Types of punishments / abuses)
4.7 |\\T ndVH b+<T >TssT?

4.8
(Why children feel tired and bored in schools)

|\\qT <+&+#&+| qeT\T, nbV\T (Myths & Beliefs on punishment
to children)
|\\ due+ (Nature of the Child)
4.9
4.10 |\\qT b+<T <+&ksT? sD\T ` $XwD ` b+ es deTsjT+
(Why children are Punished - Reasons - Analysis)
<+&q |*\T (Impact of Punishments)
4.11
4.12 u\\ V\T ` b<jTT\ d+<q, V\ <] u<q
(Child Rights - teachers Sensitivity and Rights Oriented Pedagogy )
4.13 ujTsV yesD+ ` esD d# ` neT\T

(Fear Free Environment - Implementation)
4.14 |\ $Xd+, >se+ M{ beTTK+

(Promoting self confidence and Self esteem in children. Its Importance)
4.15 ujTsV, <+&q yesD+, esD d# ` neT\T ` u<\T

(Fear Free and Punishment free environment and Freedom Implementation - Responsibilities)
4.16 ujTsV yesD+, esD d# ` neT\T d\T

4.17
70
(Fear Free Environment, Freedom of expression Indicators of Implementation)

eTT+| (Conclusion)
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
eTq |\* #+|+ &
bsde + Xs \ e< T . us< X + |Ck$T <X+ eyT ><T. >TsTeqT

eT+ $TT&T> u$+# deTTq >TsTw |s+ |s >=| ysd +> >\ <X+ L&. w\
nuT q < jT+> ds + +q >TsTe\ >< H eTqHsTT. s +&T <Xu\ |Ps+ L&
eTs<X $<sT* d+|Ps eqe\T> eT*#+<T eTq bsX \+ |]X$T+#$. |&T
=+eT+~ eTq {#s e| < , H| D\ e. +{ysT s> ><T VT<+ >,
dV qo\+> e+{s m u$+#>\ +?
|\\ | eTq V+k <sD m+{ <Tw]De\ <]rdT+ < > d+es|
nyT] n< jTq+ y\& k +~. HH{ jTTes+ |sT>TTq de es <sD bsX \
\ T sD+. ns# n&T H+<T eTq+ yd Xs \ T es |* dTH sTT.
|]d T \T eT]+ $w$T+#&y T eTq $T>T\TT+~ n n< jTq+ *+~.
|$T+# {#s qY T, X++> +& *dyT *d +&, bV+# {#s HY |\\ T u>T>
n_eksT , w| & sT. nTe+{ b<jTT\ <s e# @ sy T q bVyTq , d#qH
|\\ T d]ksT , #]ksT .
` ~ V+<T ` | d+b<j
T +
(kq+ ` #<T e)
sM+<H< s>sH q bsX \ $< bs+u+ | s+ > nH&T. nsTT<| &T qqT \e++>
bsX \ |+|+q|&T H yTT+ V<jT + eeT+~s+ MT< m<TsT]+~. n&Te+{
s+>T\ C&< T . J$se T\ <T . bs\ eT #T b+bsT T q J$+ @MT
d++<+ <T . bs\ eT #T b+bsT T q J$+ @MT d++<+ <T . HH ds+Z
yTHH, @ | &, @ |se T k+<s + ]#H, ds+Z qT+ HH= |y dqsTTbjqT.
eTq $< eed |\* |\\ T> n+^]+#& s]dT+ ~. y eT n\] <T+<T&T
|\\ T> +Tq+<TL, |<y q+<TL y + #\ #dT+ ~. n\] C n\]
<, n~ | y q eseT, #\qo\+ e\H, nX+ + e\H y d< @<
=< , = D eT H* sT #T+ +{s, sTTq+ e\H m\| & @<
= ||+ #| \T|f neX b+<uTHs eTq $<y\ nse TeT +~? y|&T
>V ksT ? e] ]><eT+f * | y| &|+ T\T eTs=y| P >TT+f | |\y &
s +&T $sT<X \ eT< |qT>T& sDs+>+> esbe&yT <.
` y&e qMsu <T&T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
71
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4. ujTsV, <+&q yesD+ ` esD, d#

(Fear Free Environment - Freedom for Expression)
4.1 |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

(Basic Questions -Think and Reflect)
1) b<jTT\T |\\ qT m+<T <+&ksT ?(Why teachers punish the children?)

2) uj
T sV s> >~ yesD+ n+f @$T{? (What is fear free classroom environment?)
3) |\\ V\T n+f @$T{? n$ @$? M{| b<jTT d+<q m +&*?
(What are child rights? What is Teachers sensitivity towards child rights?)
4) u\\ V\ <] u<q Xd+ n+f @$T{? (What is child rights oriented pedagogy?)
5) <+&q, neeq |s# & + , uj
T |&+ y{ |u e+ |\\ | m +T+~? (What is the impact
of punishment, insulting and fear?)
6) uj
T sV , <+&q yesD |u e+ |\\ | m +T+~? (What is the impact of fear free
environment?)
7) <+&q ujTsV yesD+ @ss#&+ b<jTT\ eT]jTT *<+&T\ b @$T{?

(Role of teachers and parents in the implementation of fear free classroom and school environment?)
4.2 H|<+ (Context)

us<X+ nH~> $<$<q+ $<HsTe+ +#&+ |d] n, < <sH
$< edT+ <H ueq +~. ~ |Ps\+ >TsT\, H&T <T de+, |dT $<$<q+
=qk>TH +~.
u\\ uj
T +, +<q, & +& eT uy\qT d#> e ] +#>* > , <+&q, #q\
neXeTTq yesD ujTsV yesD+ nqe#TqT. <+&q, <wD, b\&+, +#|s&+
+& |\\ T q+<+> d#> bZq&+, e{&& + , |+#&+ e+{$ #jT & nqTyq yesD+
n ns+. yesD+ $<] nudH b+<>\&T. |\\T eT due d#qT sT+{sT.
d# |]$TT\T $~d, <+&q\ >T]#d, uy\qT d#> e ] +# yesD+ *+#b |\\ T
eT dV duy sT. { eTq+ |\\ duy | ns+ #dTy*.
4.3 uj
T + yesD+ ` |dT |]d (Fear Free Environment Existing Situtaion)
b<jTT\T, *<+&T\T, deeT+ |\\T eTD +&\ n+<T Xs \T
|j>|&jT u$dTdTHsT. B+ |\\T ujT+, &, ~>\ qeTHsT. k] {#s
eTTKe[\, n~sjTT +s< |\\T ujT|&TTHsT. ~ |\\ nudq+|, u$ J$+| re
72
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|ue+ #|Tq~. bsX\ neT\eTq $<H\T |\\ #HX nDyjT&+, <s+>

|+#be&+, dH neX+ be&+ e+{ y{ sDeTeTHsTT.
bsX\\ bT Vd, u\HsdT\ d+eT >V\ L& u\\| Xs, eqd <+&q
=qkdTH sT. us |uT eTV Xd+ e T XK sV+q n< jTq+ |s+ yTT+ u\ 69%
eT+~ syTq V+d >TsTHsT n *+~. M] 54.68% u\TsT, 45.32% eT+~ u*\T
eHsT.
bsX\ u\$T yesD+ be&+, uy\qT e]+#& neX+ ebe&+,
<+&+#&+, |\ q H|D\T |<]+#T neX$Tebe&+ e+{$ |\\qT & qT+& <s+
#dTHsTT. ysT eqd+> +be&, $Xd+ e& sDeTeTHsTT.
4.4 |\\ T Xs, eqd <+&q\, + y~+ |\ $e b+<T >TsTHsT?

(Why children subjected to physical, Mental, sexual abuses and discrimination)
` b<jTT\T $~+# @syTq Xs <+&q nsTTH, eqd y<q nsTTH |\\ J$+| re
|ue+ #|dT+< \TdTbe&+.
` <+&q\ e\q nudq+ k<eTH qeT esTbe&+.
` u\\ V\ u+>+ *+# #w\ b<jT esZ+ <s+ be&+.
` <+&q\ <s+>, motivation, encouragement yTT<\>T |< T \qT |j + #&b e&+.
` k] *<+&T <+&+#eT {#sqT s&+.
` |\\T, *<+&T\T, b<jTT\ eT< d++<\T be&+.
` $$< n+X\ |\\ uj+<q\qT eT]jTT |\\ |esqqT >T]+ m|{|&T {#sT,
*<+&T\T e{&Tbe&+.
` |\\T #d eT+ |qT\qT *<+&T\ |X+d+#be&+.
` <+&q <T dVjT+ neds+ n b<jTT\T >T]+#be&+.
` b<jTT\T u<H u dq deTjT+ #TsT> qy], |* \T u> k~+q y] yT#T+,
$T*qy] qT#&+. n+<sT $<sT\ syTq |e_eH\ eeV]+#be&+.
` k<sD+> #<Te yq&q $<sT\T b<jTT\ <s+> yT\>&+, y] keTs
>T]+ j s+>\ bV+#be&+.
` *<+&T\ ] d>T\T, \,eT, *+>, uw, b+\ <s+> $<sT\ | $e#|&+
` |\ qeT+, d, <s+, k~+#>\qq d], deTd\qT m<Ts=H ds+ b<jTT\T
*+#b e&+.
` b<jTT\T s> >~ |Ck$T $\Te\T, k+|T HjT+, deq+ e+{ y{ qeT&+,
#]+#&+ <s s> >~ nu dq yesD+ *+#&+ bT $\Te\qT |+b+~+#b e&+.
` bsX\ u\+ |+b+~+#e\dq Xs, eqd, CH n_e~ <T\T> &,
uj+<q\T u\ |+b+<&+.
73
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` $<] >sy b<q #TqT>, u\\ V\qT b&TqT> bsX\ yesD+

+&b e&+.
` $<sT\ +& keTs\qT, X\qT >T]+ n$ |+b+~+# $<+> u~+#be&+.
| n |]dT\ sD\T + deTd\T |]w]+#* <+&+#s<T. eTq X
n~s |\\| #|&+ +& deTdqT ns+#dT= |]w]+#&+ <s |e_eH\
+&&+ <s |\ +q esTqT k~+#*.
|\\ c\T, nsTTc\T \TdTe&+ <s, y] n_bj\qT >s$+#&+ <s nudq+
yTsT>T<\ k~+#e#T.
|\\ |]ds\T eT n_bj\qT d#> e ] +# +#*. @ |]ds\ |\\ T |sT>Ts
|]ds\ |ue+ |\\| m+>H +T+~. J$++ |ue+ =qk>TT+~. |\\T uj,
& >TssTTq yesD+ |] e T bsT\T> b<>& neXeTT+&<T . messTT eT uy\qT
d#> e]+#>\s ysT +#&+, $Xw+#&+, deTd\qT <s+> m<Ts>\>&+, de+|
d+~+#>\T>TsT. <+&q\e\H #<Te edT+<, d#e&+ eT+~ <, eTD> yT\>\
nqTe&+ nbV. e |\\ duy eseT >T]+#*. eTD n+f e{& +& +&&+ ,
#| +~ #jT &+ < \TdTy*. #<T e yq&& dss TTq sD\T nHw+#*. 5e s>
$<sT\ s> keTs\T sb 1 qT+& 4e s> ksTT n+X\ k<q nqT>TD+> u<q
sb*. $< $wjT+> $<] yq&& |<, |< |k$d, n+<] eTT+<s neeq|]d
$<] eTT+<T> bsX\ >sse&+, e] &b{ e&+ sT>TT+~. |\\ dV|Ps nudq
yesD+ *+#&+, esD d#e&+ <s |\ +q |*\qT k~+#e#TqT.
4.5
RTE - 2009
- uj
T sV yesD+, e s D d# >T]+ |k$+q dq T, $es\T
(RTE - 2009 Related sections for Fear free Environment and Freedom)
s+<$ < u\\ V (sY.{..) #+ `2009 dH 17 +~$<+ > +~.

u\\qT Xs+> +#+, eqd+> y~+#&+ w<+.
` dH 17 du dH(1) |s+ @ u\T&T/ u*qT L& Xs L, eqd y~+|\
>T]#jTs<T.
` dudH (2) |s+ dudH (1) n+X\ $sT<+> |e]+qysT e e]+# <>
jTe\ <s+> eTD #s >TssT.
` \Vq esZ\, |L\ |]dT\qT m<Ts=+Tq +<\ #+~q u\\T @$<yTq $e
>T]+&, b<$ T $<qT #|{ , |P]#j
T & mTe+{ ny+s\T s+& k d+d\ T,
j |uT\T $~> nedsyTq #s\T rdTy\ sY.{.. #+ dH 8, dH 9
s dTH sTT.
` u\\ V\T n$T+q|&T s #{\ |s+ n+f us d |s+ 1989 mdt.d.,
mdt.{\| <sH \ s< #+ |s+ rdTH #s \ sY.{.. #+ nes<$T *+#< T .
74
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` dH 29 dudH ( 2) E |s+ bs |D[, eT+q deTjT+ uj

T +, +<q e+{
y{qT+ u\\qT $eTT+#d ysT eT uy\qT d#> e]+#+ dVjT|&*. dH
30, dH 31 |s+ u\\ V\ d+sD CrjT MTwH, sw MTwH u\\ V\ |]sD
=s @sT #jT&sTT.
m+{ <+&q\T, $e \ T b e&+, uy\qT d#> e ] +# neXeTT+&&+ , nu dH
nqTL\yTq u\$T yesD dw+#&+, & +& \\qT k~+#&+ e+{$ ujTsV
yesD+H k<+. ujTsV yesD, esD | b<jTT&T, |<Hb<jTT&T
bT|&*.
4.6 <+&q\T - s\T (Types of Punishments/ Abuses)

1. Xs <+&q:
|\\qT =&+, >T+J\T rsTT+#&+, #&+, =&bX+ |&+, >& \u&+, d\T
u>T\T \| + \u& + , y | \u& + , ] eTs=] #+|< \T ysTT+#&+ , + <qT+&
#T \ #e\T |T= e+>eTq&+, s +T c |&+ , #$yT*yjT &+, |sT > +#&+ , m+& \u& + ,
ET|{ >&+ , s +&Ty eT< s|{ & + , s < s edTe \ =&+ , \, #T \T, |sT <T\T
s Xs u>\| =&+e+{ Xs H=|*+# |qT\T Xs <+&q +~ eksTT.
2. eqd <+&q:
|\\ qT eqd+ > V+d+#&+ n+f |\\ qT &+ , qq|s &+, +#|s # & + , \T, b\
bZqT neX$Tebe&+, |<Hb<jTT\ <>Zs |+|&+, +{ |+|+#&+, s>
nqTeT+#be&+, *<+&T\qT y]f s|+#&+, y] eTT+<s &+. sT\ b\&+,
N<]+#Te&+, neeq|s&+, |sT |&+, *<+&T\T #d |, e, n|Vd+ #jT&+,
s>d , e>, > He y ]+#&+ , >&<, yTT<T n sd yTyj
T &+, u~]+#&+ , D] +#&+ ,
y m#|&+, >T jT \u&+ yTT<q y{ eqd <+&q> #|e#T.
3. $e:
\, eT, uw, s+>T, C, *+>, b+eTT yTT<\>T y{ &\T #|& $e > #| e#T.
4. + y~+ |\T:
|dT |]dT q J$+ + y~+|\ >T] u*\T nsT<T> +{sT. u\Ts|
L& y~+|\T |dT+ eTq+ #d H+. + y~+|\T ss\T> +{sTT.
` Xs nejTy\qT #T\, s edTe\ &+.
` no\ ueT\qT, \qT #|+#&+.
` ndu sy T q d> \ T #jT &+.
` <+<s+ e# e\qT e{&&+.
` |\\ nejTy\qT e]+#&+.
75
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` *+#Te&+, eTT<T |Te&+,

` s|Ps+> no\+> uy e]+#&+.
4.7 |\\T ndVH b+<T >TssT?

(Why children feel tired and bored in schools)
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`
jo\+> +&&+<T.
u\<X +& | d<y T q V+, V\+, & #]q sT y b+<T |+#&+ <T .
>+\s& #, syTq | #sTT+#&+
#q\T s+# |qT\T ebe&+, nudq+ eT>+ #jTbe&+
#++> \\T s+#be&+.
n~ d+K *q s> ><T\T.
$<sT\ qT+& b<jTT\T eT]jTT *<+&T\T $<|syTq |*\qT me> +#&+.
#<Te+f b<jTT\T u~+#&+, |\\T #<e&+, sjT&+ nH |>& qeT+.
|]o\q\ #{ebe&+.
d\+ n+<TuT be&+, H \T &+#be&+.
{.$. eT]jTT +s{ |ue+, >+\ s& {.$., +|Ps eTT+<T Lse&+.
|Hd |< u<q s>&+, u<Hudq |\\ u>keT+ be&+.
\e++> #sqT meksTs sTT+#&+ .
|\\ ue| qT #{ebe&+, |X \ yT\T + k++> +& > & T , |d \T,
d& yT{]jT #d n<|> sjT&+.
|\\ euw +& s uw\qT \e++> sT<&+.
|\\T #|q $wj\T qeTbe&+.
|\\| |eT, qeT+ #|be&+.
b<jTT\T eT @| sj\qT $<sT\| \e++> sT<&+.
|\\ |>+\T be e&+. d\e sE\ L& |#sTT+#&+. &Te&+, T++,
dVT\ >&| deTjT+ be&+.
| s> T \T sV+#&+ .
4.8 |\\qT <+&+#&+| qeT\T, nbV\T

(Myths & Beliefs on punishment to children)
<+&dH #<Te edT+< qeT&+. eT n> #<e edT+~ { eTT u~+# y] L&
n> u~+#&+ dsq< u$+#&+.
|\\qT ujT|{q|& eTD $+{s u$+#&+.
76
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|\\ d+K be> q|&T <+&+# |]dT\T |\\T u> #<y\H ] *<+&T\T,
b<jTT\T y]| & \T>CjT&+ e\ |L\ due+ @s&&+ $TqV +q |*\T Hsyse.
<+&q nH~ eTq+ @+ + $~dTH+? nudH, <+&q @+ d++<y +#*. |\\
nu dq+ u<H u dq |jT \T, |\\ *+q neX\T, H| D\T, d \ T, yK sT\qT{ <s|&
+T+~. n$+& jT++#&+ <s, <+&q\ <s nu dq+ k< +<T. uj
T |P] yesD+
nu dq+ s>< T . |\ +q keTs\T sb n+<T sD\T nHw+ |]csesZ\qT +
neT\T #j* d#qT V]+#&+, <+&q\ >T]#jT&+ e+{ ujT|P] yesD+ \+#s<T.
|\\ duy esyT q $<H\qT ne\+_+#&+ +& +{, bsX \ |\\ duy ns+ #dT =,
u\+ sD <X n >T]+ ujTsV yesD *+, ue esD d#e&+
<s |\ +q |*\T k~+#e#TqT.
uj
T sV yesD+, e s D + d# nH$ $<eed e|s , H n+X\qT <{ |&T
#|syTq n+X+> e]+~. u\\ s+< $< V #+ ` 2009 ujTsV yesD+
u\\+& |# *+#\H n+X #]++~.
4.9 |\\ due+ (Naure of the Child)

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|r $wj V\+> |]o*ksT, \TdT& |ksT

|j>+> #d #ksT.
<TsT> # +&+& n #{ sT>TT+{sT, |r~ \TdTy\qT+{sT.
eT nqTuy\qT, *dq $wj\qT {y] |+#T+{sT.
{y] |d+~+#&+ <s nH = $wj\T \TdT+{sT. *dq $wj\qT y]
|+#T+{sT.
` # #TsT>, Xe++> +{sT. n{ T bZ+{sT.
ujTsV yesD +{, bsX\, de+ *+#+& d# eb eTq+
|\\ duy es+> |e]dTqf.
bsX\\ eq $<] q dV duy +& ujTsV yesD *+#*.
u< q# |\\T d#> +{sT. ujT+ +& eesD+ eTq+ +# |*\T
k~+#+ . bsX \ eq $<] nH s\T> jT++#&+ #d u+ +f qwy T be sT>TT+~.
& Lsy\, be e{&s <, #| q |H #j \, s $wj \T d+ +#s< $~+#
jTe\e\ |\\ T +#y]> +& <s|& y ]> j sesT. |\\ d \ qT, nHd \ qT,
H|D\qT >T]+#*. y{ nqT>TD+> y] |qT\qT n|+#*. \\qT s+#*. besH y]
d q s+>+ c\Tqq, w+> |P]#jT& X$TksT. wyTq |=s b+ deTjTyTH
yksT .
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u\+ sD <X:
|\\ u\+ sD <X. <X |r~ y+H, y>+ > >V ksT . ksT , $Xw k sT .
<X @ eesD+ |] n< J$++ =qk>TT+~. <X ujT|& ujT|&sT. <s+
*d, deTd\qT b<Tse&+ n\yT #d <se+T\T> deTd\qT b<Ts=+{sT. d# *+#&+
<s eqd $d+ sT>TT+~. qq $wsD\ neX+ *+qeT+~. { sD
<X |\\ duyqT>TD+> |e]+ y] H| D\, d \ nqT>TDyTq yesD dw+ #*.
sD J$ n+~+# \<X |\\ ujTsV yesD+, esD d#qT *d
nudq+bT u$J$ L& deT |< ]+#Te& neX+ *+qT neT+~.
4.10 |\\qT b+<T <+&ksT? sD\T ` $XwD ` b+ es deTsjT+

(Why children are Punished - Reasons - Analysis)
+< e&q sD\ e\ eTTK+> |\* <+&+#&+ , nee+#&+ , #<T es<,

yTT<Te n+{sT.
` #<T e yqT&&+
` +{ |,#| q | #jT be&+, #<T e= sbe&+.
` u>T> #<e b e&+, sjTb e&+
` bsX \ \d+> se&+, & deTjT+ jT s>& + .
` n\] #jT &+, |\\ T ]H=sT =Te&+, { |\\ |T sD.
` & dT* , ke dT\ qT b&T#jT &+.
sD\ e\ <+&+#&+ sT>TT+~. |]d $<+ > +&&+ nH~ m+<T sT>TT+~.
mesT u<T \T $Xw < +.
#<T e yqT&&+ :
|\\ T HsT e& & edTH sT. & |\\ nu dH u< eV+#*.|\\ T yqT&{
eTTK sD+ y] d keTs\sTTq sjT&+, #<e &+, >D + #T ]< |jT \T sbe&+. d
keTs\T +f ysT nu dq+ bZqsT. #<e & |jT +#sT . d keTs\T 2e s> |
|\\ +<] e#T b<jTT\T u< eV+#*. +f d keTs\T |\\ d\dt |P]#j
T &+
+&, d keTs\T e# es |ejT u<q (Remedial Teaching) #|{ , d+ #<e &+,
sjT&+, \T eq sT y d\dt u~+#*. #<T e n+<sT |\\ T > +&sT . =+<sT
u>T> eTT+<T+{sT. =+<sT yqT&sT. n~ |\\ m<T>T<\ d++~+q~. nTe+|&T |\\
e> + > #jT ne>Vq *+ bV+#*. n+<Te\ |\\ eT| eT qeT+ \T>TT+~.
u> #<e & |jT ksT .eq |\\ T #<T e yq &&+ y] | <T. #<e be&+, sjT
be&+ y] | <T. m& eTq+ y] |{+ #T<T . y] eTq+ e~X+. eTqyT y] d]~<*.
B bsX \ u< eV+#*.
78
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|\\ T | \T #jT &+ dV +. nd\T HsT e&+ nH< | \T #d HsT +{sT. n~ dV +,

| \T #dq |s y <T . |jT +#&+ eTTK+ n b<jTT\T |\\ #b*. HsT &+ | \T
#jT &+ dV + (Doing mistakes is ok) n q\\| sj*.
|\\ nbsyT q keTs + +~. |\\ T mTe+{ w ueqHH HsT >\sT. B b<jTT
dV s+ +&*. |\* bV+#*. | \T #jT T<T, #d <+&k+ nH de#s+ +f |\\ T nd\T
|jT +#sT . uj
T sV bVs yesD+H |\\ T u>T> HsT =+{sT. HsT e& |jT ksT .
eq #<T e yqT&&+ nH~ b<jTT\ MT<, bsX \ MT< <s|& +~. HsT e&
eq |\\ | <T. eq <+&+#&+ sX|s # & + , #<e b e&, |s TT e& ys sDeT
nq&+ d]jT +~ <T. |\\ #<T e e\+ & eT]jTT b<jTT u< eV+#*.
Only teacher can change the situation:
I can make a difference
I will make a difference
I want to make a difference
+{| , #| q | #jT be&+, #<T e= sbe&+:

+{| #jT be&+, #<T e= sbe&+ < eTTK sD+ |\\ T +{| k++>
#jT b e&+ eT]jTT #d keTs + b e&+, #jT |\\ T\qT #jT be&+. bs+ | |T
+f |\\ T q deTd\T k~ksT . < q+<|& sT. +{| +f eTT+<T s> >~ q
deTd\qT |\\ T #jT >\TZT Hs n b<jTT&T #&*. +f m+<T #jT b THs djT+>
deTd nud+ #jT eT |]o*+ sD\T \TdTy*. y] #dT #d, sT y +{
| y*. @ e+ |\\ T |jT +H, | \TH L& |\* n_q+~+#*. |\\ T +{ H|< + #~y
yesD+, bVs yesD+ q< n L& b<jTT&T ne>Vq |+#Ty*.
eq +{ | #dT y dV s+ y*. bV+#*. <+&d, uj
T |& deTd |]cs+
<T. |\\ T uj
T + & VsTsT. =+ & e~ksT . uj
T sV yesD+ d# H
|\\ T eT<q X* |jT ksT . |jT yT |\\ T HsT e& =*yTT. b<jTT\T |jT
bV+#*.
n\] #jT &+, |\\ T |T sD |&& + , =Te&+:
k<sD+> |\\ T n\] #dT + f, |T sD |&T T+f b<jTT\T sT esZ\qT <+&ksT .
|\\ duy eTq+ |]o*d y] # X +T+~. <>sZ >+\ s & LssT .
e&, e{&{ , jT s>& y Xs+, eT]jTT T~ sTT+~. @< { #j \H
V+ +T+~. V V +T+~. eT] B qT>TD+> eTq+ |\\ | *+#*. n+f |d +
#<e &+, |d + / > & T #d |X CyT\T sjT&+ nH~ #TsT q | <T. edTe \qT |]o*+#&+ .
k++> + sjT&+, #s bZq&+, de#s d]+#&+ , ueT\T ^jT&+, <\ T #~$, $
y{| e{&+ #&+ |j >\T, |] o\q #jT + yTT<\>Tq$ dy\T >\ nu dq |jT \T. |\\
79
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
eT+| *+#&+ n+f |jT y] eT>+ #d, e> + > >| | #sTTd.
ysT n$T d, @> V+> bZ+{sT. n|&T n\] #jT &+ nH~. |T sq yesD+,
eTD sV+ nH$ +&e. |qT\T #jT &+, deTdqT k~+#&+ eT>eTesT.
Te+{ |jT \T |\\ qT bZq&+ #j \+f b<jTT&T + $$< \qT bqT
#dT y*. ysT \T #dT + f dV jT]> +&*. s> +| #d |X \T q\\| sd #s \T
#sTT+#*. #TsT q nu dq, u<q |jT e\ $<sT\ T s+ #TsT> +{sT. u\+ q
V+, #TsT<q+, j o\, dqo\ H| D\qT b<jTT&T #<T e eT\#Ty*. B
b<jTT&T |jT T >+<\T #<y *. eT+ \qT, bC \ qT bqT #dT = |\ #sTT+#*.
u\+qT ne>Vq #dT =, < >Z T> |\\ |sD d y] $$< |< T HsT e&
b<jTT&T j sT y*. Te+{ |]d T \ <+&+#&+ nH |X < T .
bsX \ \d+> se&+, & deTjT+ jT s>& + :
|\\ T bsX \ \d+> se& eTTK sD+ 1. & n+f w+ b e&+ 2. |\\ T+
H|< +.
|\\ T+ H|< + |]o*d, |\* & j sT#j \+f n~ |jT , |\\ qT <
|& + , kq+ #sTT+#&+ , uq+ e+& |\\ |&+ , & deTjT+ ne+< |\\ qT V#]d y]
s> j seeT #| &+, d\T u>T ds& + yTT<\>Tq$ #<T e u>T> q T+u\ ]>
|jT ~. ss d, |#dT q |< T+u\ |\* | $<+ > & j sT #jT &+ |+#<T .
Vs+ L& j sT<T. deTjT+ *| >&j
s+ L& +{ +&<T . =+<sT *< + &T <j H
| ysT . Te+|&T |\ djT+> u>T & eksT . Vs+ rdT= L& ssT. eq
bsX \ n $<\ j ssTTssT. \d+> eksT . =+eT+~ +{ b\+ |#d L& eksT .
|]d b<jTT ne>Vq +&*. |\\ T+H|< +, T+ |]d T \T, y{|
b<jT&T ne>Vq +#Ty*. | d]> |\\ +{ y[ Ls *< + &T\ e{& , T++
>T]+, |\\ |]d T \ >T]+ b<jTT\ \TdT+ ~. B b<jTT&T ds q sj
T + rdT= |\*
bV+#& neX+ +T+~. n+ & \d+> e#s, s< , +{ |#jT < sD+
\TdT+& <+&d, need |\\ T &|q , b<jTT\|q nsTTw |+#T+{sT. & <s+>
+&& |jT ksT .
& q uj
T + e\ bVs |]d T \T b e&+ e\, >+\ s & Lsu& sT.
<\ esT, e{& esT, sT q ><T \T, <syT q y\TTsT, >* +&b e&+, s> n*dbe&+
yTT<\>T y{ e\ |\\ T yesD+ <s+> +&{ w| & sT. eq |\ \qT s> >~
s> y*. jT rdT *. \T &+#*. y] #TsT> +# T |jT +#*. d# y*.
y] #qTe> |eT|Ps+> +&*. eq |\\ u\<X | b<jTT\ deT> ne>Vq +&*.
|\\ T sD+ +& @~ #jT sT. eTq+ sD\T ns+ #dT y*. |\\ @~ w+ , @~ w+
<T , m +f y] w+ n |\* n& \TdTy*. y] ns+ #dT e& |jT +#*. |\\
80
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
$k, HsT e& q n_q+<q, uT +{ bV+#&+ neds+ , <+&q, qT#&+,

s<T nq&+, nee+#&+ , |sT w+> e{& +, H>] >\, $ye +Tq eTqTw\T #j
*+~
<T. |+, >V +, <>\ |< +{ #dT b |\ #ksT . eTq+ m +f |\\ T n
m<T>TsT. B s +& d+<V + <T . eTq $\Te\T, eTq n\yT, eTq |esH |\\ eksTT. ys=
$<+ > s>{ ksyT <T . eTq+ <s e+yT q JeH sT D, bjT, u< jTTyT q |esq qT
$<sT\ #|+#*. |\\ T $ HsT e&+ +& #d nqT]d HsT +{sT.
4.11 <+&q |*\T (Impact of Punishments)

Xs <+&q |\\ | kqTL\ |u e+ #|<T . ~ yT\T +f & me #dT + ~. Be\ |\\
eTqdT\T |L\ |u y >TsesTT. n++& y] qq ue+ |+b+~ V+d<sH
| deTd |]cs+ <=sTT+<H | &T #q y] \T>TT+~. B |u e+ de+| |&T T+~.
{ | bsX\ Xs, eqd <+&q\T, $e\T ujTsV yesD+ *+#*. |\*
need, +#|]d ysT $Xk sT. ujTdT\T>, _&jTdT\T> jsesT.
b<jT, $<] d++<\T |\\ nu dq+| |u e+ #|sTT. { bsX \, s> >~
b<jTT\T |eT, qeT+, bV+ e&+ #d |\\T d> u<Hudq |jT\ bZ+{sT.
<s eT+ |*\T k<eTesTT.
4.12 u\\ V\T ` b<jTT\ d+<q, V\ <] u<q

(Child Rights - Teachers Sensitivity and Rights Oriented Pedagogy )
u\ eTq u$us bsT\T. C s\T, M]|H <X deT>, nK+&, n_e~ <s|& e +T+~.
|\\ n_e~ eTq+ # HDyTq dseTTU_e~ nedsyTq $< MT<H <s|& +T+~. eTq+
eTq |\\qT &, +{ @ s+> #dTH+. |\\ b+ b<q dTH+ nH <MT< y]
n_e~ <s|& +T+~.
|\\ V\qT >s$+#&+, neT\T|s#&+ <s b<jTT\T |\* <X |j>|&
eT+ eqe eqsT\T> sb+~+#e#T.
|\\ V\T
|\\ V\qT d\+> H\T>T |<q V\T> #&e#T. |<q V +~ s
| V\T+{sTT. |<q V\T $<+> HsTT.
1. n_e~ #+<V (Right to development): B $<qT b+< V *< + &T\# ysT #jT +&
+&&+ , *< + &T\qT+ >T X<, es<Z s b+< V, u\\T Xs, eqd, k+|T ,
k+d, H+> n_e~ #+< VqT *HsT.
|X+d\T b+< V, d#> +# V, deq| V, HDyTq $<qT b+<
V, *<+&T\qT+&, b<jTT\qT+& |eT bjT\qT b+< VqT * HsT.
eq n esZ\ |\\ HDyTq $<qT n+~+#*. eTq+ e+ n +& |\\T b+<
81
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
V * HsT n ne>Vq *e+&*. |\\ dseTTU_e~ nedsyTq n sq

\T, nudq nqTuy\qT d#jTT yesD+ *+#*. $e #|s<T.
2. J$+#V (Survival Rights):
` d+|Ps s>+ +& V
` bwVs+ b+< V
` |]Xuy T q >T{ V
` &TH V
` $X+ b+< V
` deq s> neX\qT b+< V
` Xs, ] <|&q T+& $eTT b+<V *HsT.
s>sy T q yesD+ |\\ T J$+#*. n+<] deqyTq neX\T *+ ysT u>T>
J$+#T #j *.
3. u>keTV (Right to particiapte):
` \T, b\T, k+d se\ bZH V.
` eTw> >T]+| b+<V .
` >sy b+< V
` |X+ d\T b+< V
` uee s D V
` n_bj* e| s # V
` de#s+ b+< V
` d#> +# V
` eT k+| V
` |eT, dV *e+& V
` $e \ qT+& $eTT b+< V
HsT e&+ |\\ T bZq|& y] u>ke bV+q|& ysT d#> bZ Cq
sD+ #dT + n_e~ #+<TsT. |\\ T @ @ n+X\ n_sT *Hs >eT+ j
\T, b\T s H| D\ bZH T #d y] n_e~ |s# *.
4. sD b+<V (Protection Rights):
` |\\ T Xs, ] <|& >T]+& sD b+< V.
` + (eqd, Xs) y~+ |\qT+& $eTT b+< V.
` *< + &T\ d+sD +& V.
` |jT bjT\qT b+< V.
82
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` ke u < b+< V
` neeq+qT+& sD b+<V
` V+d, y~+|\qT+& sD b+< V
*+> $e, \$e, eT $e, b+ $e, <|&, <sq+, V+d e+{ y{qT+& sD b+<
V\T u\\T * HsT. <+&q, \T |e<\qT+& sD b+< VqT \eHsT.
n+<] deq neX\T *+#*. & u sD *+# |<X+. u<, bjT, deTd\T
n& \TdT= |\\qT deTdqT qT+& <s+ #j*. & y] deTd L&<T.
eq b<jTT\T u\\ V\qT <wj
T +<T+#T= ysT q+<+> V+> +& $<+ >
#j*. |\ ku$+> +& V\+, TqT |+ bw+#*. |\\T +{ <>Zs, de+
b&H y~+|\ e+f \TdT= n]{*. @yTH deTd\T +f e b<jTT #|+ nH
BeqT $<sT\T * +& #j*. bsX\ u\\ V\ |]sD +<+> |#j*. u<q
nudq V\ neT\T +#*. u\\ V eqe V\T. |\\, Xs, eqd H
n_e~ bsX \ $$< \T, se\T sV+#*. uj
T sV , d#|P ], <+&q\T bsX \
yesD neT\T#j*. B u< eV+#*.
4.13 ujTsV yesD+ ` esD d# ` neT\T

(Fear Free Environment - Implementation)
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
83
|\\ #]+ jTe\T sb+~+#&+

|\ eT+ |esq, kqTL\ <<+| <w|&+, |X+d+#&+.
|\\ qT+& +# |*\qT, |esq\qT >T]+ y] d+|~+#&+.
kqTL\ <<+ |+|<\ $$< ePV\qT neT\T|s#&+
] |> eTs=] b\be&+.
|\\T |d+~+#& neX$Te&+.
|]$TT\qT $e]+#&+ , |> | dw e&+
nedse TsTTq|&T q neX*e&+.
$<sT\ |> >T]+ *<+&T\ #]+#&+, k<yTq+ es |\\ eT+, ysT #jT>*>
y{ >T]+ #|&+.
|\\ #]+ deTj q ePV\qT neT\T#jT&+.
kqTL\yTq X<#|+
|\\T eT+> +& d+<s\T >T]+ y] yT#Te&+.
eT | ]+> |P]#d |\\ n<q| | *+#&+.
d\ d+|Tq\T, b\qT $d]+#&+.
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` qTe $<+ > #j * n #| & <T\T HqT $<+ > #kqT n #| neX$Te&+,
q d# e&+.
` #jTe<T nH <X\qT |j+#+&&+
` |\\ ds <sD e{&&+
` |\\T eT+ eTT |]$TT\T @sT #dTH $<+> bV+#&+.
` nedsyTq s>>~ @sT #jT&+.
` $<sT\ &\| d |+b+~+ y{ |d] #jT&+.
` nse +yT q #q s +# |qT\qT *+#&+ .
` |\\T n_bj\T e|s# ue|q neX$Te&+.
` |\\T #|+~ |P]> $q&+, y]| qeT |<]+#&+.
` <s u<q |< <s |\\qT me> u>keTT\qT #jT&+.
` |\\ wyTq n+X\qT bV+#&+.
` |\\ T+ H|< ns+#dTe&+.
4.14 |\ $Xd+, >se+ M{ beTTK+

(Promoting self confidence and Self esteem in children. Its Importance)
- $Xd+, >se+ @eH H qT nqTq >e #sT ksTT. & yesD+, b<jTT\
|esq, u<q M{ |+b+~+#$<+> +&*. M{ |+b+~+#q |sy<T bTe+{
|]d T L & M{ b>=f $<+ > +#|s &+, neeq|s &+, $eD #|&+ , #<T es<
n+<] eTT+<T nq&+ +{$ #jT L&<T . ku$+> | _& $Xd+, >se+ *e+{sT.
$ e\qT q Ks\ rdTysTT.
` |\\T <qTu b+<e\dq nedseTT+~.
` |\ keTs+ q~. n+<] |\\T HsT>\sT. HsTH~ b<jTTMT<H <s|& q~.
Hs$<q+ u>T+&*. <| +#* nH #q b<jTT\ +&*.
` @ $wjTyTH #||&T d+w+ #jT+&, nse++>, $es+> <VsD\ #b*.
dTBsyTq |Hd+ +&s<T.
` |\\ n_bj\qT +#|s#s<T, K+&+#s<T.
` \ s]+q|&T |\\d ns+ #dTy*, \k<q dV]+#*.
` |\\ | 100% bsTTq|{ y] |X+d+, e+<X+ \\T k~+#T dVjT+
=qk+#*.
` |<yqT ns+#dT=, >s$+qf |\\ | |e]+#*.
` |\\| eTq n+#H\T yde |]d |_+_+#*.
84
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` | |\y&T |yT. y] H|D\qT >T]+#+& n n+X\T k~+#\ & >T]#d

$<] ds+ <+T+~. u$wT| kqTL\ <<+ sT.
` |\\ b\qT de]+#Tq|&T kqTL\+> eeV]+#*.
` $Xd+, k+|T H|D\T e+{$ u\+H |+b+~+#e\d +T+~.
` qq H|D\qT |+b+~+#T= y{| |Tk~+# #&*.
` eT k+ |> $Xw+#T=H eTq #s\T+&*.
` eTq | mesH m |e]+#\qT+{y n |\\ | eTq |esq +&*.
` |\\ q n deTd\qT |]w]+# +&, deTd\qT k++> ys |]w]+#TH dV s+
n+~+#*. qT k++> @<H k~+#>\qH qeT *+#*.
` |\ uy<>, , k+|T , <s e+ $\Te\T, dH, yT<|sy T q n+X\qT |+b+~+#
yesD *+#*. n+{ |qT\T y*.
` ] J$+ d+c, $j\qT k~+# yK ] |+b+~+# Xe +yT q sy T ds +.
~ m\|& e, #, sj, qeT\ |_+_+#*.
` ds+ q |\\T eT| qeT * +&&+, sT\| d]>Z |e]+#&+, |]dT\qT
qT> m<Tse&+, eT#T q ||+#+| C>s * +{sT.
{ y]
ds <rd m+{ |qT\T #jTs<T.
` sT\ eTT+<T +#|s#s<T, e #de{&s<T.
` ++>, Xs+> y~+|\ >TssTTq u\\T |P]ksTT ds+ sT.
` |\\ qT ]q |<C \+ <wd |]y]>, uj
T dT\ T>, _&jT dT\ T> j sesT. bVsy T q
e\T y] $Xk |+b+~ksTT.
` |\ y]| y] \yTq qeT |+b+~+#*.
` nqTue|Ps nudq+, d+wyTq $#sD, dH *q ]\+, Xs, uw, >D\T
|\\ n_e~ &&sTT.
` T |qT\T, bC |qT\ e+{ |sd s dV s nedsy T q y{ u<H u dq |j +#*.
` bC \ T, T |#jT T nH$, k+|T nu dH, de |]d T \ ne>Vq &&sTT.
` j>, <q+ e+{$ |\\T eT Xs, eqd X\qT jT++# DksTT.
` dH s#q, du\T, deyX\ e{&&+, \T, H\ e+{ y{ |\\T bZHT
#&*.
` +<T b<jTT\ b, u<Hudq |jT\ sjyTq esT sy*.
` bs+X\ u<q deTjT+ J$ n+X\qT |] u~+#*.
` b|+ deTd\T, d+^+, |d\T, \| #s\T |\\ dseTTU_e~ &&sTT.
` eqe yT<dT bs#{ e+{~. n~ s#Tq|& $deTeT+~. { |]ds\ n
85
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
n+X\ mbsY nsTTq|& # n+X\T ne>Vq nejT >T]+#*. $dyTq Cq+,

#s neX\T |\\ y*.
` eqe Vd#Ts <s d++<\qT, T|qT\qT n_e~ #d y{ <s qeT+, $Xd+
|+b+<TsTT.
4.15 ujTsV, <+&q yesD+, esD d# ` neT\T ` u<\T

(Fear Free and Punishment free environment and Freedom - Implementation Responsibilities)
ujTsV yesD+, esD d# d++~+ bsX\, de+ s|\T, bdsY,

H<\T sjT&+, C\T, |C|<T\, MT&j e{&+#&+ <s ne>Vq *+#*.
|\\ T eT uy\T d#> e+ #jT & # d, VH , {| q+sY @sT #jT &+ ]+~.
b<jTT\T bsX \ |\\ qT <+&q >T]#jT eT, u+ |j +#eT, m+{ $e >T]#jT
ujTsV yesD, uy\qT d#> e]+#T neX\qT *keT |q #j*. B
*<+&T\T, n~sT\T, de+ q |r sT u< eV+#*.
` ss |wtyT+{, nee+#&+ ] u\\ VH e{&*. ({ | H+sT 888)
e]+> d (d.|.m+.d) @sT #j*.
` bsX\ ksTT duT\T> <sT {#sT, *<+&T\T, HjTy~, &sT, u\\ V\ ss
eT]jTT $<sT\qT +#*.
` MsT q |s<T\qT d]+, |]o*+ >T sj\T, #s\T y+H rdTy*.
` yTd{ n< \T> ksTT d.|.m+.d. @sT#j *. $T{ ss |wtyT +{\|
eq |s<T\| $#sD #dT+~.
d.|.m+.d.:
` Xs<+&q, u\\| + <&, eqd y~+|\T, $e+{ |s<T\qT C|+ +&
Mq+ s> |]w]+#*.
` Xs <+&q, + <&T\T, y~+ |\T s~+#& >T #s \T rdTy*. +<T=s d.|.m+.d.
|syD $u>+ @sT #j*.
` d.|.m+.d. +{ d+|T q\ #dq db sdT \qT 48 >+{{> ksTT n~sT\ *jTCj *.
` deTd b<$T |]cs $<sT\T < y] *<+&T\T y~+#b n+{ |s<T\
d+& |]cs ksTT n~sT\ |s<T#dTe& d|m+d neX+ *+#*.
bsX \ jeq d+|T + b:
` $<V #+ |s+ |\\T eT V\T nqTu$+#& dV]+#*.
` ||\y&T bsX\ $<ud+ =qkd eT keTs\qT |P]ksTT $j>+
86
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
#Te& |\\qT bV+#*.

` mTe+{ Xs, eqd <+&\qT nqTeT+#L&<T. +<T>qT bsX\ d.|.m+.d.\qT
{#sT, $<sT\T, *<+&T\T, &sT, HjTy~ @sT#j*.
` $<sT\T eT |s<T\T sjT+> n+<CjTT >T yesD *+#*.
` s#T> mdt.m+.d.\T $<sT\ *<+&T\T, >eTdT\T, b<jTT\ deyX+ sV+
ne>Vq *+#*.
bsX \ b:
` |r bsX\ Xs, eqd $ee+{ y~+|\ s< $T{ @sT#j*.
` $<sT\T eT *q +<T\qT sjT+> e|s& | s>>~ |s<T |fqT
@sT#j *.
` n s\ uj\T, <Ts_eH\T, $e\ e yesD+ H\=\{ d+~ w
#j*. |\\ nedsyTq *+> ks+ *d u\$T yesD+ >\ bsX\>
j sT#j *.
` u\\ d++~+q V\T, $<V\| d] *+#& nedsy T q D se\qT,
ne>Vq d<dT\qT b<jTT\ @sT#j*.
` | bsX\ Xs<+&q, eqd y~+|\T, $e\| y] ke F sV+#*.
y~\T VsZ+ #j*.
` | bsX\ e bsX\ m+{ Xs, eqd, $e\T dV|Ps yesD+
+~ nH usTqT |<]+#*.
4.16 ujTsV yesD+, esD d# ` neT\T d\T

(Fear Free Environment, Freedom of expression - Indicators of Implementation)
` | bsX\ L& e bsX\ ujTsV, <+&q yesD+, |\\ d# eT]jTT

#|& neX+ q~ n sd |{*.
` | bsX\ d.|.m+.d.\ @sT.
` bsX\ H{dTusT ss |wtyT+{ eH d#q usT\ @sT.
` | s> >~ $<sT\ qT+& |s<T\T d]+#& M\T> u\ @sT.
` s>T\sY> mdt.m+.d. deyX\ sVD, ujTsV yesD+| #]+q $T{.
` u\\ duqT @sT #jT&+.
` bsX\ *+> d @sT#jT&+ ` b<jTT\ dMT
` y] ke F sVD ` y~\qT VsZ|s&+.
` |r bsX\ d\+, , eT+{, {sTT{ ks+ *+ y{ |P]ksTT
$j+#&+ .
` ss |wteT+{ q bsX\\ >T]+| s<T#jT&+.
87
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` bsX\\ >T]+|#|&T ujTsV yesD <w |T= yTHCyT+{ qT+&

ss |wtyT+{ neT\T #jTeT <MsD rdTe&+.
` qy<q $<sT\T n+ |P]ksTT Vse&+.

u\\ s+< $< V #+ |s=q $<+> sw u\\ V\ |]sD MTwH
(mdtd| d sY), n> swk sTT ss |wtyT +{ e]+> dqT @sT#j *. #+ neT\TbT
d#jT T yesD+ $<sT\ T @ $<+ > $<qT HsT +{sH <| |\ ne>Vq *+#*.
III
deTTq eqe de \D+> eTq+ |Cke sV+#T+THeTT.

<T $<y\ +<s |e]dT q B |q' |q' <{d T q B s> >~ |Cke
>T]+# nTq |Ck$T, ke d++<\ n+ssD s>*+B eTq $<
eedH, $< $<q+H.
eTq s> >~ n+<T nqT>TD+> +<? n& n<]{ syT\T+<?
d#dT e\T |]eT[dTH j? n& n><+ $d] k+<? nqT+<+ |] $|+<?
uj nu<L e eT k+ ||+# |\\T eT s> >~
<]+#T>\T>TTHs? no\, b{+, nX, n& n+s\qT |+#TTHj?
H] + |CkeT+ |<\ d+ ||+ #+ m& qT+ edT+ ~?
m \<=+T+~? m d+d> $dd T + ~? <w qT+ eTq+ eTq s>
>~ #dTHe?
` (kq+ ` #<Te)
#<T e ` |\\ T, d#` #s
b<jTT&T eT]+q n+X* |\\T m+ ]seT+> Ts

+|+{s n+> ysT eT $y#q qT sT. ||+ # >eTq+, esT
ysT n+> eT |yT j b>=T +{sT. eT $T+ < sT<T T q|&T
|\\ T m+ sd+ > u] ks y J$+ n+> dsT = b>\, nesTTw
&>\ Je\T> esTsT. ||+ #+ | eTq+ y]+~dTq ndeT>, b
<<+ |\* esTdT+ ~.
` b |
88
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
5. s+s deT> eT+q+ (Continuous &Comprehensive Evaluation)

5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

H|<+ (Context)
eT+q+ ` |dT |]d (Assessment - Existing Situation)
RTE-2009 - eT+q+ (RTE - 2009 - Evaluation)
CrjT $< |D[ #+ `2005 - eT* d\T

(National Curriculum Framework - 2005 Core Principles)
5.6
sw $< |D[ |+`2011 ` eT* d\T eT]jTT eT+q+ | < <+

(State Curriculum Frame Work -2011 - Core Principles and Perspectives on Evaluation)
5.7
5.8
5.9
bsX\ $< ` sw <<+ (School Education - State Vision)

CCE - |\ d+dsD\T (CCE - Examinations Reforms)
s+s deT> eT+q+ùeq\T`ne>Vq (CCE- Conceptual understanding)
5.9.1
5.10
|\\ deT> n_e~ n+f @$T{?
(What is Comprehensive Development of the child?)

5.9.2
CCE b+<T? (Why CCE?)
5.9.3
CCE \D\T (Characteristics of CCE)
eT+q+ due+ (Nature of Assessment)
5.10.1
HsTe&+ u>+>H (nudq+ ]>|& eT+q+) eT+q+

(Assessment as Learning)
5.11
5.12
5.13
5.14.
5.15
5.16
5.17
5.18
5.19
5.20
89
5.10.2
nu dq+ =s (yTsT>T|s &) eT+q+ (Assessment for Learning)
5.10.3
nudq+ jTT eT+q+ (Assessment of Learning)
eT+q+ #j*q n+X\T (1`5 eT]jTT 6`9 s>T\T)

(Areas of Assessment (1-5 and 6-9 classes)
y{ eT+q+ #j*? (What to assess?)
CCE ` m eT+q+ #j *? ` $<H\T (CCE How to assess? Procedures)
sD eT+q+ (FormativeAssessment)
d+>V D eT+q+ (Summative Assessment)
dVbs+X\ eT+q+ (Assessment of other curricular areas)
CCE ` ]wsT, ]sT\T (CCE - Registers and Records)
CCE ` sVD ` u< \T (CCE - Implementation - Roles & Responsibilities)
CCE
` neT\T ` d\T ` <s\T
(CCE - Indicators of implementation - Evidences)

eTT+| (Conclusion)
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
u<H
|\\T n+X m+ u> HsT>\sT nH~ < HsT=H deTjT+ y

n+X m #dTHsH <{ < Hse&+ eT X| m+ $Xd+
*ZeHsH<{ e+T+~. yT+ #jT>\+, e Xe+~ n $Xd+ eq|&T
m+ wyTq<HH y k~+#>\sT. sC sb ~ H <rsTT+~ nH <w
|\\T n+X #dTHs? ~ H w+. + wyT+~ HH|& #&<T. nH <w
< #dTHs? nH~ >T]+ Hs& |PqTe&yT ndq u<H .
` CH V
|\\ ` |\
|\\ T e{& |&, #~y|&, sd|&, eTs<H | #d|& @|

<=]H y+H < d]~<\ +f n~ d]#jT n\yT> e]b+< eTq
# eT+~ |<y nqT=+{sT. d<++| H qeT+<T. |\\T q&e&+
<>ZsT+ sjT&+< | | |\T#dH HsT& |jT+ #ksT. |*
eT+ y d]~<T=+{sT.
eTT #d |e\ eTqT=q |* + sbH, |<\ T #d | eT | |< &
eq|dH |\\ T <qT>TD+> eT | * d]~<T =+{sT. |\\ +<] #jT &+
\TdT. # u> \TdT. |r | qT n<| > y| T=H |<\ T+& d + |<\ T
d]#d |\H |\\T eT+eTT d]~<T=H |\T me.
` CH V
CH e\+ | H| D+ > < nTe+{ H| D\ b> > u$+#&+
<T . n~ s+s |jT . deT> s|\ q, deTVs+, $d b|+ <<+ . eTqw\T
eT eTT eT&> ]+#T \|s# T H d$Tw u< .
n, $< e\+ H| DdeTT bsH n eTq+ u$+qsTT n|&~ |P]
k+ eeVs+> e]be&yT , k+ eeVs+ L& ed \D
d+]+#T+T+~. n+f Cq+ nqTue +> e&{> esTT+~. < <sT\,
=qT>\T<sT\ e #s sT.
` y&e qMsu <T&T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
90
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
5. s+s deT> eT+q+

(Continuous Cmprehensive Evaluation)
5.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1. eT~+| n+f @$T{? (What is assessment?)

2. s+s deT> eT+q+ n+f @$T{?
(What is Continuous and What is Comprehensive Evaluation?)
3.
4.
5.
6.
eT+q+ m+<T? < <X + @$T{? (Why evaluation? What is its purpose?)
y{ eT~+| #j*? (What to assess?)
m eT~+| #j*? (How to assess?)
eT~+| <s |\\ # de#s+ due+ @$T{? m+<T?
(What is the nature of the feed back? why and to whom?)
7. @ $<+> eT~+| de#s ]bsT #k+? ]b]+> |<T\T @$T{?

(How to report -reporing process?)
8. d.d. mesT, @ @ u<\T @@ ksTT\ d]+#*?

(What are the roles and responsibilties for effective implementation of CCE at various levels?)
5.2 H|<+ (Context)

eT+q+ nq>H |\\ |\ T sV+#&+ nH ueq eTq+~. b<jTT\T, *< + &T\T,
de+ yTT+ L& eT+H |\ D+ eyT #&& n\yT |&HsT. bs|d+
q de#s s+s+ { |{+ |\ sjT&yT u<H \+> e]bsTT+~. eT+q+
|] sV+# |\ T |\\ bsX \|, HsT e&+| kqTL\ << |+b+~+#& <T\T>
uj
+<q\ >T]#dT H sTT.
|\\ |> e|q+ #jT & |j +# esT\T, s+\T |\\ | s+s+ & *dTH sTT.
n+<Te\ y] Xs, eqd $k\ ++ \TZT+~. esT\ k<H <jT+> u<Hudq
|jT\T L& esT #+<sTT. eT+q+ |\\ n_sT#T\T, keTs\ d++<+ +& @
yTT+> k> |seT+> neT\eT+~. | |*\ k<q ny+#jT n+X\T L& #T
#dT+THsTT. nd+<yTq b{ + |\\ <> $k, Jeq H|D\ k<q e+&
bsTT+~. jT{, ]q |\ |sT sVdTq eT+q+, |\\ T rsT \ jsT, <T n eTT<
yjT& eyT &&T+< | b\qT >T]+ keTs\ k<qqT yTsT>T|s#+<T
|j>|&&+ <T.
|dT eT+q+ b<jT +B+> neT\e+~. |> |\ |] |\\ n+~+#
de#s+ bs $wj \| eT+q+ eyT #T#dT +T+~. # d+<s\ eTq+ s+s,
deT> eT+q+ sVdTHeT |{dTq|{ bs$wj\ eyT b<qdTH+.
91
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
dVbs+X\ nq> s>`yjeT $<, \T`k+d $<, |`+|PsY $<,

$\Te\ $<`Jeq H| D\T yTT<\>T y{ q+ b<q e&+<T . |> s+s deT> eT+q+
n+f me> |\ T |&e TH nbV |&T TH+. $<qsj
T s\ T, $<s+> |DT\T, b<jTT\T
s+s, deT> eT+q+ jTT yTq duy ns+ #dTe\dq neds+ +~.
5.3 eT+q+ ` |dT |]d (Assessment - Existing Situation)

` $< \\ eT]jTT eT+q+ #d $<q+ eT]jTT n&> |X\ d++<+ be&+.
` $<sT\ nudH e\+ s|\ <sH e|q+#jT&+ sT>TT+~. eT+ eT]jTT
|<sq\ neX+ e +&&+.
` |\ |\\ |> <s+>, u<q esT\T dsD
H u<q s>& + <T . |\\ |>
u> H L&, sy d\dt #|&+ #dTHsT. |\\ eH sH d\dt |P]
beTTK e | nsTTbsTT+~ n|dTHsT.
` |\\ #qX, $XwD keTs\qT |+# |X\T +&, e\+ {|{ yT\T sd
|X\ beTTK e&+ sT>TT+~.
` nudq+ nH~ |d<]+ nsTT+~. de#s+ e&+ eT]jTT q < jT<<+>
|+#&+ nH~ $< |ses+ nsTTq~.
` $< |D[, $< jTT eTTK <X +` $<] ds eTTU_e~ *q |]|Ps eqe>
jsT #jT&+. e\+, uw\T, >D+, dqT, k+|TXk\ b<q d, \T,
\T, s>+, Jeq H| D\T, $\Te\T @y e ds eTTU_e~, de+ *d J$+#&
&&j, y{ $d]+#&+ ]+~.
` u<Hudq+ sT>TTq|&T |\\T @ $<+>, m+ es HsT+THsT nH~ n|{|&T
\TdT+& |\ es , n|&T \TdT=, m+ eT+~ m+ es HsT =HsT nH <
#dTH sT.
` |\ <s+> b<jTT\T eT u<H $<H esTe&+ n_e~ |s# T e&+ >,
m? @ |< #_ |*+ u> edT+< +#&+ <T. |\\ |> e\+ y] |u
by\ MT<H <s|& q~ nH~ me eT+~ b<jTT\ qeT+.
` u<q nH~ |\ nqT>TD+> |\ j sT #jT &+ |\ qT <w |T= #jT &+
sT>TT+~. n+<Te\H >&, HT, |X yT\ ke, fdt ||sY mq b<q
dTH sT.
` eT+q $<H\qT { #<Te +T+~. n+f b<jTT\ |rsT eT]jTT |\\ j
L& |\ & +T+~.
|\\ bsX \ n+<Cj
T e\dq nu dHqTuy \ H|< + e| s + >q, de |s+ >q
$<\\qT sw $<|D[ |]~|+ $e]dT+~. ~ bsX\ $< se\, bs|D[,
92
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
bs |d \ n_e~ es<Z s +> \TdT+ ~. $<\\qT k~+#& |D[<y T q \ s|\ q,

u<H+X\, u<H$<H\ b+|, keT, eT+q $<H\T yTT<qy{| |D[\T
sb+~+#Te&+ nedseT sw $< |D[ |]~ |+ d++~. <s |\ >TDyTq
$<qT k~+#& M\T \T>TT+< |s=+~.
5.4
RTE-2009 - eT+q+ (RTE-2009 Evaluation)
$<qT b+< VbT $< HD| L& sY.{.. <wk]++~. b*yT+ $<
>TD k<q nedsyTq jTee[ sY.{.. #+ 5e u>+ |s=+~.
bs|D[, eT+q+ sb+~+#&+ +~ n+X\T <w |Ty\ d++~.
` sC+>+ b+<T|]q $\Te\ nqT>TD+> bs+X\T +&*..
` |\y deT> n_e~ s>*.
` |\ CH, X\qT, H|D\qT |+b+~+#*.
` u\\ |P]keTs+ yTs Xs, eqd keTs\ n_e~ s>*.
` |\\ eTqdT\T >jT|s#+& |\\qT sjT+>, +<q +& #d ysT eT
n_bj\T d#> e+#d #&*, < dVjT|&* eT]jTT bV+#*.
` |\\qT +<+> #dT= ysT HsTH |<T, nqTyq $<H nq> $wsD, |]o\q,
|]X<q, qT>=q&+ <s HsT=H u<Hudq |jT\T +&*.
` |\\ Cq ne>VqqT, ns+ #dTq $<H, CH J$ dyX\ $j+#
keTs deT>+> s+s+> eT+q+ #j*.
` b*yT+ $< |Psj
T + es @ |\y &T b+{ usY | VsT e\dq neds+ <T .
` u\T&T / u* b*yT+ $< |P] #dq sT y d+q |s+ y] <MsD |+ y*.
us sC+>+ |s+ $< b<$T V> ssTT+#&+ e\ sT qT+& |<\T>T d+es\
ejTdT q |\\+ |d]> & #] HDyTq $<qT b+<*. |\\+ bsX\ #s&+
d]b<T. ysT & b<$T $< |P]njT< =qk>*. HDyTq $<qT b+<*. HsT+Tq
$< HDyTq< < nH~ eT+q+ #jTe\dq neds+ +~. +es |\\qT bsX\\
rdTse&+ y] eT+ $< n+< w#jT&+ nq~ b<jTT\ H n+X+> q~. H&T
n~ #<eTsTT+~. $<V#+ n<jT+ 5, dH 29 dudH 2 |s+ |\\ |> s+s+
deT>+> eT+q+ #j \ s ++~. deT>+> n+f |\\ Xs, eqd, k+|T , k+d,
<> n+X\+{ eT+q+ #j*. $<V#+ eT+q $<H s]+#|&T @ @
n+X\T |]>Dq rdTy dw+> d++~.
$<V #+ d+q $<+> eT+q+ #jT&eT+f |\\ keTs\ k<qbT,
u<H u dq |jT qT b<jTT |rsTqT L& |]>Dq rdTe\d e+T+~. n+f eT+q+
b<jTT |rsT eTT&|&q n+X+> >T]+#*. u<Hudq |jT X+B+> +< <
93
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
nH~ eT+q+ s]+#*. n+f B CH +& < nqsTT+#TH $<H eT+q+

#j*. nqjT+ nH~ HsT=q CH J$+ |j+#&+, <T|] n+X\T HsTe&
|j +#Te&+ nH n+X\T eT+q+ #j *. n+f |dT + q |X \ due+ es* e+T+~.
<bT eT+q+ s+s+>qT, deT>+>qT sV+#* { |+> usT |\ neds+
< L& d++~.
eT+q+ deT>+>, deTse++> sV+#* n+f s] deTjT+| bs+X\
|P]#jT&+ L& b<jTT\ u<> $<V#+ |b~++~. s+s deT> eT+q+
<s+> | $<] HsT=H keTs n+#Hyd < <s+>H n<q| u<q n+~+#&+. |\\
|> ysT HsT=H $<H eT+q+ #d *<+&T\T, d+s\ deyX\ y] |>
|<]+#\ L& d++~.
5.5 CrjT $< |D[ #+ `2005 - eT* d\T

(National Curriculum Frame work 2005 Core Principles)
<X $< eed <TsD k<q+ CrjT $< |D[ #+ ` 2005. $<
+&\ mH.d.m|t d++~.
` & jT JeH CH nqTd+<q+ #jT&+.
` { |<T\ qT+& nudqqT <s+#jT&+.
` bs|d +<+> +& |\ deT> $k bs|D[qT |]|w+ #jT&+.
` |\qT eT]+ ds+#d s> >~ JeH nqTd+<q+ #jT&+.
` <X |Ck$T jTe\ & |\\ d\T, n_sT#T\qT n_e~|s#&+.
5.6 sw $< |D[ |+`2011 ` eT* d\T eT]jTT eT+q+| < <+
(State Curriculum Frame Work -2011 - Core Principles and Perspectives on Evaluation)
eT* d\T (Key principles):

eed |<q nbV\T, qeT\T, <sDT\qT |k$d dsq |]esq $< |]d
esT # eek|syTq n+X\| <wk]+#* +~. $T{ sh $< |D[ |]~ | eT*
d\qT sb+~++~. |dT dyqT m<Ts=H+<T = s d\bT mH.d.m|t`2005
|s=q esZ<s d\qT L& |]>Dq rdTe&+ ]+~. +<|<X sh $< |D[ |]~
|+ eT* d\T +~ $<+> HsTT.
` |\\ nudHX\| <w +B]+#&+.
` bsX\ e#|{ |\\T * q uw yTT<q |]CH >s$+#&+.
` & jT{ ||+ # CH nqTd+<q+ #jT &+ (bsX \ $< eT J$ @MT d++<+
< $<sT\T nqTH +&L&<T.
94
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` { |<T\ <s+> nudq +&*. | #s\ (interactions) L&q nudH, bC

|qT\, $XwD\ b<qe&+.
` bs|d +<+> +& |\ deT>_e~ <V<|& $< |D[qT |]|w #jT&+.
` |\ qT ds + #d s> >~ nqsTT+#&+ . nu dqqT e|q+ #jT &+ +& e|q+
#jT&+| <w |&+.
` ke sD y< (social constructivism), n+X\ y] bs |D[qT (issue based
curriculum), bs+X $eTsH u<q
qT (critical pedagogy) e~|s # *.
` bs |D[ u>+> e, +TC |]s+#&+, Jey$<qT, k+|T _q, |
>s$+#&+ .
` |\\ uw, d+dT\qT s> >~ #sD u>+ #jT&+.
|\\T nudq+ @ ksTT Hs, b HsT+THs \TdTH+<T eT+q+
b<jTT |]dT+~. Cq+, H|D\T, yKsT\, $XwD keTs\T, $\Te\T, H |esHe[
yTT<q n+X\+{ u<H u dq |jT \ u>+> eT+q+ #j *. ~ |\y d++~+q
deT> de#s+ L&q~> +&*. n+f Xs, eqd, k+|T , <> $k\+{ b|{| &T
deT>+>, s+s+> e|q+ #j*. #jT&+e\ |\yD n D\ ns+#dTe& M\T
\T>TT+~.
eT+q+ e\+ s| \ eyT |]$T+ <T. ~ keTs <]+>, $<|eD\
k<q qT |]o*+#~> +&*. eT+q+ eT | L& kq+ +&*. $<] q #q\qT,
uy\qT e ] +#&, k++> sjT& neX+ *+#~> +&*. |\\ H| D\qT, $Xw D X ,
dHqT e|q+ #d+<T nqTe> +&*.
5.7 bsX\ $< ` sw <<+ (School Education - State Vision)

sw+ |\\+<s qksTT >TD $< b+<\H~ sw |uT <<+. sT\|
d+~+# yK sT\qT *+& u< jTTyT q bsT\T> $<sT\ T sb+<*. eT |]ds\| |]Cq+
*+&, $eTsH+> |]ds\| +#>\ >*. C>> $ sj
T +> e{& >\>*. $q<,
#~$q< ne>Vq #dT y*. |+# eTqd + * +&*. H| D\qT b<jTT&T |+b+~+#*.
|\\T d#> n_bj\qT e]+#>* d+<V e #dTH+<T M\T> dV|P] nudq
yesD+ u<Hudq |jT\T sV+#*. de+ qT+& HsT, HsTq < s> >~
b<jTT\T #sD |{*. bsX\qT de+ q~> u$+, bsX\ <q+~q sb
bZH*. j+, u, b{+ |sT>TTq |dT |]dT\ |d+<q, dVs >TD\
bsX\ #T *+#*. eqMjT, H $\Te\qT |+b+~+|Cj*.
5.8
CCE
CCE
95
- |\ d+dsD\T (CCE - Examinations Reforms)

<s, | $<H\ +~ d+dsD\T |b~+#&+ ]+~.
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` |\\ |> n+#H yjT &+ m|& k] n +&, sD eT~+| <s s> >~
u<Hudq+ sT>TTq|& n+#H yjT&+ sT>TT+~.
` HsT e&+ nH~ C| + #jT &+ qT+& ysT |s , $<sT\ T + d++> e s D + #jT &+|
<w |{*. eT]jTT B bV+#*.
` eT+q+ nH~ $< |eD\T @ yTs $<sT\ T b+<s n \TdT=H $<+ > +T+~.
n+f $<sT\T @ yTs nudH \\T, $< \\T b+<sT? n \TdTe&+ MT< X<
|{*.
` b<jTT\T djT+> jT sT#dT =q |X |\ <sH |\ T sV+#*. mTe+{ |]d T
L& |\ d+ |X|\qT =q&+, eT+&\ ksTT bsX\ deTT<jT+ ksTT >
jsT#dq$ |j+#L&<T. b<jTT&T qT @$T u~+#&T? m u~+#&T? @ @
$< |eD\qT k~+#& u~+#&T? nH n+X\qT <w |T= |X| jsT
#dTy*. |X\T +, $Xw+, |\\T eT k++> $e]+# $<H nqTL\+>
+&*. |\\T eT n_bj\qT e|s#& |X\T <V<|&*. |\T |\\T k++>
eT |u by\qT e|s#$<+> +&*. yT\T y] |u y*rd $<+> +&*.
` | b<jTT&T, $<]y>, $wjT y>, |\\ |> ]ds Y nq> CCE register qT sV+#*.
` eT~+| nH~ e\+ s |\ <sH +&, eT+, |<sq, \T #jT&+, bC\T,
|]o\q\T, s> >~ |, ysT sdq ]bsY\ <s L& s>*.
` \ T, \T, s>$<, $\Te\T, | nqTue + yTT<\>T y{ eT+q+ u>+> #jT &+
<s eT+H deT>+> #jT&+ ]+~. (Comprehensive Assessment).
` eT+q+ deT>yT +& $<sT\ T HsT =H|&T ysT #~y|&, sd|&, \T
#d|&T, T | bZH|&T ` #s\T ]>|&T ysT e{& $<H, $$<
n+X\| ysT e|]# ueq\ | <s|& y] |> b<jTT\T n+#H yj*.
$<+ > s> >~ u<H nudq+ s> |&T $<] m HsT +TH&T nH~ b<jTT&T
ne>Vq #dT= eT~+| #d < sD eT~+| n+{+. $<+> eTq+ m|{|&T
$<sT\ nudH ne>Vq #dT= eT~+| #jT& s+s eTq+ n+{sT.
` |\\ |> |+, n n+X\| nq> ]\+, ]\+, $<] s>+, VsT yTT<\>T
n n+X\| |> ddT+~.
` ed y> bsX\ jeq $T{ eT]jTT *<+&T\ deyX\ |\\ |> #]+#*.
|\\T #<e&+, sjT&+, \T #jT&+, q n+X+ | <s+> e{&+#&+ yTT<\>Tq$
*<+&T\ eTT+<T |<]+#*.
` bsX\\T pH yTT<\e>H | du bs+u | sV+ | $<] ksTT
\TdT= <| j $<sT\qT @ ksTT rdTsy* n | b<jTT&T {sZ{
|Ty*. $<+ > |T q {s{Z | |> m|{| &T \TdT= |D[ ydT = s+s+
|jT+#*. n|& eTq+ eTq e HjT+ #dqyseTe+.
96
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5.9 s+s deT> eT+q+ùeq\T`ne>Vq (CCE- Conceptual understanding)

|\\T deT> n_e~ k~+#\ +<Td+ bsX\\T u< eV+#* +T+<
sY.{.`2009 <s eTq \TdT+ ~. |\\ T Xs+ >, eqd+ >, H +>, uy<>|s + > n_e~
#+<*. +<Td+ bs $wj \ bT |\\ d \ T, $\Te\T, yK sT\T yTT<\>T y{ L& |\\ T
n_e~ #+<*.
s+s+ nq> (What is continuous)
bsX\ sV+# eT+H, $d ns+ |]o*+q|&T |\\ |sT>T<\ $k\
KyTq b<qee\d +T+~.
s+s+ n+f |\\ |> d+|Tq, d+<s m|& eT&T (3) >+\ |
|]$T+ #jT +& b\| & |]o*+#& + . nq> s+s+ bsX \|\, y\T|\ |\\ Xs, eqd
$k\qT s#T> eT|< |]o*dTHeT |\ *jT+&H |]o*+#*. nudq b\qT
>T]+ desD #s\T #|&+ <s b<jTT&T, $<] <s djT eT+q+ #dT>\>*.
deT>+ nq> (What is comprehensive)
nq> |\\ ds eTTU_e~. n+f |\\ Xs, eqd, H , CH s+>\ n_e~ n
ns+. +<Td+ $<|D[ s+q bs, bss n+X\qT $&$&> #&+& s+&+{
deq b<qqT e&yT. nq> uw, >D+, dqT, k+|T+ e+{ $wj\bT \T, |,
$\Te\T, s>+, Jeq H|D\T L& b<q e&+. ~ |\\ |sT>T<\, $k\qT bs+X\
<wH +& y] n_sT#T\T, yKsT\T, keTs\qT L& |]>Dq rdT+T+~. deT> $<
\T, kV+, k+<s $y#q, #s, \+, d+^+ e+{ $wj nTq n+X\ u<q
e+&\ $<y\ T ddTH sT.
M{bT dH, $Xw D
, ] n+X\ L& eT+q+ deq b<qdT+ ~.
5.9.1 |\\ deT> n_e~ n+f @$T{?

(What is Comprehensive Development of the child?)
$< <s |\\ d+|Ps $d+ k~+#\q~ $< \+ nsTTq|&T deT> n_e~ n+f
@$T{ ns+ #dTe&+ neds+. bsX\ $< |\\T Xs+> m~> ejTdT eTT&|& q n+X+
{ $< Xs $k n+f |\\T ejTdT q, s>+, mT, sTe e+& #d+<T
nedsyTq s>yjeT n+X\T, \+ y*. n> dV+, dVs+, dVqo\, zsT e+{
yKsT\T n\e&*. ] $y#q, dH #q\T |+b+~+#&+, deTd\ +b+& m<TsT
* deTd\qT |]w]+# HsTsy*. eT+ yKsT\ eT n_sT *q e> ke u<
s]+#>\ >*. M+{ <s $wjT |]Cq+ b+<>\ >*. { deT> n_e~ n+f |\\ T bs |d \
<s+> CH ]+#Te&+ eyT +& Xs, eqd <>, k+|T, k+d $k\qT
b+<&+. +<Td+ |\ Cq+, H|D\T, keTs\T, $\Te\T |+b+~+#*. { bsX\ $<
97
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
n+X\ nudH+X\T> |+#*. |\\ deT> $k && n+X\ bs+X. M{

bs , dV bs nq $u< q + neds+ <T . bsX \ *+# nu dq nqTuy \ |\\ deT> $k
&&$> e+&*. { $wj\+{ eT+q+ #j*.
5.9.2
CCE
b+<T?
(Why CCE?)
eT+qeT+f e\+ |\T |&+ eyT <T. jT{, f]q |\ |sT m|&
k] |\\ keTs\qT |]o*+#&+ e\ y] nu dq n~ @$<+ >q dV jT|&< T . |> $<y T q
| |< |\\T @ de#s m+ es >TsT|T>*>s |dT+< | y] $_q keTs\qT
\TdTe& |j >|& < T . eT+q+ |sT nH s\ |\ T sV+#&+ e\q |\\ T reyTq
& >TseTHsT. {|& neX+ *+# | |<T\T, |\\ <>, k+|T $k\qT
eT~+|#jT & |j >|& e . { |\\ |> s+s+ deT>+> eT\+q+ #jT e\dq neds+
+~. |\\T eTT |]o*+|&TTHeT y] *jT+& eT+q+ #jT&+ e\ e# |*\T
y] |qsud+ *+#& m+>H &&sTT. ujTsV yesD+ d#> eT+q+
#jT&+ e\ m|{|&T b\T >T]+ desD \T sV+#& M\T\T>TT+~.
bs $wj\bT |\\ dseTTU_e~ d++~+q d\T, n_sT#T\T, Xs m<T>T<\,
$\Te\T, yKsT\T, _sT n n+X\| ne>Vq *e+&, y{ y{ |\\ n_sT,
|> \TdTy*. n|& eT+H deT>yTq~> u$ksT.
5.9.3
CCE
\D\T
(Characteristics of CCE)
eT+q+ ` |\\ T de#s >TsT |T {| { |\ sjT& eyT < +q~

<T. s> >~ *+# nudq nqTuy\T |\\ CH, eqd #\H, uyyX s+>\
rdT=# esT\qT eT~+|#d yTsT>T|s#& &&*. bsX\ $$< $wj\ s|+ n+~+#
de#s+ $wjT |]CH *Z+#& d]b<T. |\\ u$ J$ nedsyTq $Xc, dH
] #HX, djT eTD , ke+> dsT u T #dT e&+ deTd\ | dT+> |d+~+#&+ ,
|]w]+#Te&+ yTT<q Jeq H|D\T, keTs\T |+b+~+#&+ bsX\ u< (bH.d.m|t `
2005). $ bs |d \ <s k~+#& bsX \ bH sq se\T sV+#e\d e+T+~.
M+{ eTq+ +e s bs s n+X\T>, dV bs+X\T> u$dTH +. y{ q+ b<q
ebe&+ e\ |\ deT> $k u+>+ \T>TT+~. n+<T# sw $< |D[ |+`2011
bs, dVbs+X\H $u<+ +& n+{ bs+X\T>H u$+#\ (bdt.d.m|t. ` 2011)
d++~. { s+s deT> eT+q+ |\\ Xs, eqd, <>, k+|T $k\
deq b<q eT+q+ #j \ s +#Te&+ ]+~. D+ s+s deT> eT+q+
@$T dT+< |]o*<+.
` |\\ CH, eqd #\H, uyyX H| D\qT |+b+~+#&+ , eT+q+ #jT &+.
98
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` {|
& , de#s >TsT |Te&eTH s> >~ |jT \ kq+ $Xw D
#q\
k++> Cq sD+ #dT e& bV+#&+ , k++> eT #q\qT, uy\qT e| ] #T
#jT &+.
` eT+H u<Hudq |jT u>+> |]>D+#&+.
` eT+q+ <s |\\ nu dq keTs\qT u<H u dq $<H\qT yTsT>|s # T e&+ eT]jTT
s+s+ |]o*d desD\T #dTe&+.
` eT+q+ <s |\\T b& HsTbTHs \TdT= >T$<+> u~+#&+.
` u<Hudq |jT $<] +B+> k>+<T &&*.
s+s deT> eT+H u<Hudq |jT\ u>+> neT\T#j*. Be\ |\\
d+|Ps $k && $_q s> >~ n+X\T b+ es deTs+> |j>|&TTHsTT nH~
\TdTe& M\T\T>TT+~. s+s deT> eT+q+ bs, dVbs n+X\T nq $u<+
+& n+{ deq b<q *q n+X\T> >T]+ neT\T#j*.
eT+q+ nu dq+ n+s>+ > s+s+ ]> |jT > sV+#& q |D[qT
j sT#dT y*. eT+q duy\qT ns+ #dT y*.
5.10 eT+q+ due+ (Nature of Assessment)

5.10.1HsTe&+ u>+>H eT+q+(nudq+ ]>|& eT+q+)
(Assessment as learning)
bsX\ *+# nudq nqTuy\T |\\ deT> $k <V<|&$> +&*. |\\T

nu dq dyX\ bZ HsT +Tq|&T y] eT+q+ #jT & nu dq+ ]>|&T eT+q+
#jT&+ n+{+. <VsD |\\T n+X+| s> >~ ]> #s\ bZq|&T ysT $wj
ns+#dTe& @$<+> |dTHsT, eT n_bj\qT @$<+> e+#dTHsT nH n+X\qT
b<jTT&T |]o*+#& neX+ e+T+~. d+<s+H |\\ d+<V\qT e #jT&
|jT+ L& sT>TT+~. n+f |]o\q <s |\\T @$T HsTHsT nH~ eT+q+ #jT&+
sT>T+<qe. nudq+, eT+q+ ysTysT> +& nudq+ sT>TTq|& eT+q+
L& +T+~. m|{|&T |\\T eTqTeTT d]#dT+ HsTe& b<jTT&T
dV]+#>\T>T&T. ~ bs{y nddtyT+{. |\\ HsTe& + bC q|&T,
n~ #d eTq y~ d nqT nqT @+ HsTH& n \TdT+~. B{ $<] |> L&
\TdT+~. HsTe&+ |> \TdTe&yT e|q+ eT+q+.
5.10.2 nudq+ =s (yTsT>T|s&) eT+q+
(Assessment for Learning)
s> >~ nudq dyX\ |\\T bZ HsT+Tq|&T y] |]o*d $<]

HsT+TH& <! @@ n+X\ +~|&TTH&T? @@ n+X\ eT]+ dVjT+ neds+
@ syTq dVs+ n+~+qsTT HsT>\T>T&T? nH $wj\qT <w +#T |]o*+#&+,
99
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
u<q esT #dT=H+<T #s\T #|& nudq+ yTsT>T|s#& #d eT+q+ n+{+.

k<sD+> eTq+ eT+q+ d+ |]o*+#&y , | sV+#&y #dT + {+. | \qT
<s+> #dT= $<] @ @ n+X\ dVs+ nedsy >T]+ #s\T #|&+ <w|&+
s>< T . nu dH yTsT>T|s# & eT+q+ |]o*+q s yTsT>T|s# & dV s+ n+~+#&+
m+ neds+. |\\ HT|d\qT, +{| |]o*+q|&T |\\T m& |\T #dTHsT? m&
+~|&TTHsT n \TdT+~. B{ |\\T m HsT+THsT nH <| b<jTT
ne>Vq edT+~. ~ bs{y nddtyT+{.
5.10.3 nudq+ jTT eT+q+
(Assessment of Learning)
|\\T j $wj\qT b+es HsTHs *|< nudq+ jTT eT+q+. $<sT\T

$$< nudq \ bZ+ $$< ueq\qT, eeVs sb\qT, |j H|D\qT b+<TsT.
|\\T b+~q CH =+\+ s |+#&yT nudq+ jTT eT+q+. ~ |\\
esT\T, >&T\ s|+ |<] eTT+~. ~b<jTT\T < uVw\ < s +&+{# eT+q+
#jT &TT+~. $<q+ #eT+~ $<sT\ T k] $<+ > eT+q+ #jT &sT. k<sD+>
sY |Pss TTq sT y sV+# |\ T nu dq+ jTT eT+q+qT *jTCksTT. ~ |\\ nu dq
k<q| T~ sj |{+# |<. nq> ed, nsy], d+es+ |\T y{
<VsD\T. ~ dyT{y nddtyT+{.
5.11 eT+q+ #j*q n+X\T (1`5 eT]jTT 6`9 s>T\T)

(Areas of Assessment (1-5 and 6-9 classes)
b<$ TksTT (1`5 s> T \T)

` |<e T uw \T>T/s
` >D +
` |]ds\ $Cq+
` +^w
` \ T, k+d $<
` s>, yjeT $<, j>, <q+
` |, +|PsY $<
` $\Te\ $<, Jeq H| D\T, yK sT\T
q bsX \ ksTT (1`9 s> T \T)
` |<e T uw
` ~rjT uw
` rjT uw
` >D +
100
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
`
`
keqXd+
k+|T Xd+
\ T, k+d $<
s>, yjeT $<, j>, <q+
|, +|PsY $<
$\Te\ $<, Jeq H| D\T, yK sT\T
5.12 y{ eT+q+ #j*? (What to assess?)

uw\T:
1. $q&+, + e{&& +
2. #<e &+,ns+ #dT |d+~+#&+
3. k++> sjT&+ (djTs#q )
4. |<C _e~
5. dH e s D , |X+ d
6. uwqT >T]+ \TdTe&+
>D + :
1. ueq\ ne>Vq, deTd k<q (Problem Solving)
2. sD\T #| &+`s|D
(Reasoning and Proof)
3. e s D (Communication)
4. d+<q+ (Connections)
5. b< +`<osD (Representation-Visulisation)
|]ds\ $Cq+
1. $wje>Vq
2. |+#&+ ` |]\q\T #jT&+
3. |j >\T, |]o\q\T
4. de#s H|D\T
5. ueT\T, e|\T ^jT&+, qeTH\T jsT#jT&+
6. yKsT\T, |X+d, J$ $j>+
$Cq Xd+
1. $wje>Vq
2. |+#&+ ` |]\q\T #jT&+
3. |j >\T, |]o\q\T
101
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
4. de#s H|D\T
5. ueT\T, >|\t T ^jT&+, qeTH\T jsT#jT&+ <s ue|ks+
6. k+<s dV ` yKsT\T |X+d Je y$<+ ` J$ $j>+
k+|T Xd+
1. $wje>Vq
2. $wj #~$ ns+#dTe&+, yU+#&+
3. de#s H|D\T
4. deTq, ke n+X\| |d+<q
5. |H| D\T
6. dT + ` |X+ d, yK sT\T
\ T, k+d $<
1. s+>T\T yjT&+, \T ^jT&+, n\+]+#&+, qeTH\T ueT\T jsT #jT&+
2. {H>yT, z]>$T, T, n*\T
3. H{\T, @+\ q{+#&+, =]j>|,
4. b\T b&&+, y<|]s\ $j>+, q+ ` k sb\T |<]+#&+, yTyT
5. eTq d+d, \T, kV+
s>, yjeT$<
1. d> bZq&+ jTeT +<q\T b{+#&+, &d], | H|D\T
2. j>, <q+, k{, >&, mH.d.d.
3. T+ d++<\T, u<, |<eT
4. s>+, bwVs+, eT+ Vs| n\yT.
5. e>, |]ds\ |]Xu, eT+ n\yT
|, +|PsY $<
1. qeTH\T edTe\ j, |eTTT, keT $j>+.
2. e\ de\ $j>+, y\ bZq&+ (n+s ]\yT se\T, u<\T
s]+#&+ )
3. +|PsY <s+> HsT e&+
4. +|PsYqT $j+#&+
5. ke se\T, XeT<q+
$\Te\ $<, Jeq H| D\T
1. eT+, #&T $#DCq+, desq
102
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.13
sC+> $\Te\T
dVq+, <jT, <qTu yTT<\>T e> $\Te\T
JeqH|D\T, #H H|D\T
b<jTT\T, dV<jTT\T bsX\, |uT dT\ | dsq yKsT\T * +&&+.
CCE
` m eT+q+ #j*? ` $<H\T
(CCE How to assess? Procedures)
s+s deT> eT+q+ u>+> bsX\ sV+# eT+q $<H\T |\\qT

d+|Ps+> |]o*+ qy<T#d$> +&*. b<jTT\T s>>~ |\ jT |\\qT |]o*d
#d n+X\bT eqT>+> \ee<T\ sV+# eT+q+ L& nedsyT. $
ys+, |, ed, ]q sb\ L& +&&+ neds+ . nsTT @ eT+q $<q+ nsTTq|{
e# |*\qT { @ <] ] ] b\L&<T. n+f eT+q+ |\\T b HsTHsT?
@$T HsT HsT? nH n+X\T |]o*+#&+ bT HsT q n+X+ ds + > +&+<T L& eT+q+
&&*. CqeTT, ne>Vq $j>+, $Xw D , qq d+<s\ dsT u T#dT e&eTH n+X\uT
n_sT#T\T, yKsT\T, <>\T, | d\T, Xs b<T>T<\ s>syTq $wj\TL& +>
eT+q+ #j*. $<yTq eT+q+ s+&T s\T.
1. sD eT+q+ (bs{y nddtyT+{)
2. d+>VD eT+q+ (dyT{y nddtyT+{)
5.14 sD eT+q+ (Formative Assessment)

s> >~ *+q nudq \ |\\T bZ+Tq|&T, u<q sT>TTq|&T $<]
@ $<+ > HsT +TH& |]o*+ qy<T #jT &+ <s |\\ nu dH yTsT>T|s# & w#j
T &
sD eT+q+ n+{sT. sD eT+q+ nH~ uj
T sV yesD+, |\\ ds>
* nu dqqT y>e ++ #dT & |] +#~. b<jTT&T |\\ |> s+s+ |]o*d nedsy T q
d+<s\ b<jTT&T |\\ dVjT]> * d]~~ eTT+<T q&|+#*. e\+ esT\T,
>&T\ s|+ +& |\\ y] keTs\ k<H d>T\qT $esD+> *| y] dsq
d#q\T d\V\T bV+ nu dH yTsT>T|s# & sD eT+q+ dV jT|&T T+~.
s> >~ ]> #s\T, |\\ de<H\T, bs+ eT< eT]jTT es q |X\T, nuk\ >T]+
#]dTq|&T |\\T #s bZ # de<H\T, |\\T sdq HT|d\T, s> |, +{|,
bC|qT\T, T |qT\T yTT<q y{ <s+> |\\T @$T HsTHs, m HsT+THsH~
b<jTT&T n+#H yjTe#T. BH sD eT+q+ n+{+.
u<H u dq sT>TTq deTjT+ s+s+ |& u d b<jTT, $<] eTqT eTT d]#dT H
M\T*dT+~. nedsyTq esT\T #dTe& &&TT+~.
103
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
sD eT+q+ |<q+> H\T>T s\ k<H\qT |j+#*.

1. |\\ u>keT+`|d+<q\T (10 esT\T)
2. s n+X\T (HT|d\T, +{| yTT$) (10 esT\T)
3. bC |qT\T (10 esT\T)
4. \|TT | (d|t fdt) (20 esT\T)
1. |\\ u>keT+`|d+<q\T
bsX \ *+# u<H u dq dyX\ |\\ T bZH $<q+, ysT HsT H e, |>
*jTCdT+~. { b<jTT&T $$< u<Hudq |jT |\\T m bZ+THs? m
|d+~dTHs? |]o*+#&+ <s |\\ |> eT+q+ #jT& M\T \T>TT+~. nudq
|jT\ |\\ u>ke |d+<q\qT $$< nudq dyX\ <s |]o*+#e#T.
bs+X+| ]> #s\
\T, T|qT\T #dTq|&T
bC |qT\ bZq|&T
qeTH\T, e~sT\T, |{\T, >|t\T sb+~dTq|&T
dH \ bZ+Tq|
yT+&e|+>| ]> #s bZq|&T
bs+ eT<, bs+ es q |X\ de<H\qT >T]+ #]dTq|&T.
b<jTT&T s> >~, s>>~ jT |\\qT |]o*+#*. s>>~ b<jTT&T
#| bs+ $+Tq~, ~, |\\T |sds #s\ (participation, discussion) bZ+TqB, B
\TdTe& |]o\q nH~ k<q+> |j>|&TT+~.
s>>~ jT |\\ eTD, |esq, $$< n+X\ |d+<q, \T ^jT+, b\T
b&+, \T &+, Vs| \yT, s>| n\yT, e> |]dse TT\ |]Xu , $#D |]Cq+
yTT<q $wj\ |\\qT |]o*+#&+ <s eT~+| #jTe#T. eT]jTT |]o\q\ <s+> $$<
keTs\ b H& n+#H yjT e#T. M] d\V\T + yTsT>T|sT HT | \T d]~<T HT
#jTe#T.Bd+ s>>~ |\, s>>~ jT b\|& b<jTT&T, $<] |]o*d
+&*.
eT | (Oral Test):
s> >~ |\\ T nu dq dyX\ <s HsT +Tq n+X\qT >T]+ |]o*+#& eT
|qT b<jTT&T k<q+> |j+#e#T. |sp s>>~ bs+ #TTq d+<s+
$<] b+es nseTsTT+< \TdTe&b<jTT&T ss\ |X\T yd \TdT+
+{&T. B L& eT |> >V+#e#T. $q&+/ e{&&+ nH keTs |+#& $$<
d+<s\ ss\ \T sVdT+{+. |\\T <s+> #<e&+, #~$ ne>Vq #dT= k+
104
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
e\ #|&+. n> >D+ eTH>D (H{\T) #+~q n+X b<jTT&T ss\T>

|+ \TdT=+ +{sT. s|Ps+> +& n&> s|+ |+# $<H eT
|> #| e#T. ~ sTw y T q deTj #+~q~ s+s+ >, deT>+>q =qk> |>
>T]+#*.
{#s Y & :
bsX \ *+# nu dq nqTuy \ |\\ |> , bZ+Tq $<H m|{| &T |]o*+
qy<T #dTe& {#sY& b<jTT m+>H |j>|&TT+~. u<q sT>TTq|&T,
u<H q+s+ $<sT\ |d+<q\qT, =+<] $Xw |uq T, < ne>VH b\qT qy<T #jT &,
|ejT esZ\qT >T]+#& b<jTT |j>|&TT+~. qT {#sY& |\\ keTs\qT
eT~+| #d qy<T#dT& b<jTT sEy |j>|& k<q+> u$+#*.
2. |\\T sdq n+X\T
|\\ T eTT HsT q n+X\| eT n_bj\qT C&d k++> sksT . $ |\\ T k~+q
keTs\ >T]+ ns+ #dTe& k<H\T> |j>|&sTT. s>>~q, +{ <>Zs |\\T
nH n+X\qT sksT. M+{ sD eT+q+ |]>Dq rdTy*. |\\T s>
>~ $$< bs+X\ d++~+q nH $wj \qT HT|d \, +{| |d \, bs |d \
sd +{sT. M+{ |]o*+q|&T |\\ T m HsT =+THsT? B{ y] ne>Vq, |>
n+#H yjT e#T. m& & | \T #dT H sT? |]o*+ k++> sjT& q dV s+ n+~+#&
M\T\T>TT+~.
(n) HT |d\T:
|\\T bsX\q, +{e< eT HT |d sdq yT\T, #dq \T yTT<q y{
|]o*+ $<] |> \TdTy*. @ $wjT + b+ yqT& H&H~ \TdTe&+ <s $<]
nqTyq u<H u dqqT n+~+#& M\T\>TT+~. |\\ +<] H{| d e TT\T #T e& bV+#*.
|\\ H{ |d+ bs+X\ d++~+q n+XeTT\T, |X\T, yT\T, $$< n+XeTT\ y]
qq n+XeTT\T, |j> $<qeTT\T, ueT\T ^jT+, $$< deTd\T, bC |qT\T, |]\q\T
yTT<q n+XeTT\qT yjT& bV+#*.
() bs |d \ |X \T, nuk\T:
sD nudq dyX\ bZ+ keTs\qT k~+#& nqTL\+> bs|d\T
sb+<sTT. { |\\ T bs |d \ L& # n+X\qT #]+#&+ eT]jTT sjTe\d +T+~.
bs+ eT<, bs+ es +& |X\ de<H\T, \T |{\T +|&+, de#s dsD
|{ \ T +|&+ , nedsy T q y~ sjT&+ yTT<q e bs |d \ sjTe\d +T+~. bs u<q ,
#s\ d+<s+qT eT]jTT bs|d\ |\\T sdq $wj\qT L& |]>Dq rdT= y]
|> n+#H yj*. bs+ es q nuk\ |\\T +, k++> eT<q yT\T
sj*. >&, |d\ #d sjTL&<T.
105
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
() |\\ &:
|\\ ~q#s y] d+<q\T, #dq $q |T q\ nqTu T\T, nqTuy \T yTT<q y{ b+<T|s
sdq< |\\ &.
|\\ & <s uc keTs\T, y] CsTTr, n_sT#T\T, |<C\+, d\T, uwqT
|j+#T rsT \TdTe#T.
() d+|Tq s#q (nH ]sY):
@<H d+|T q < dyX+ $<] |esq qT >T]+ b<jTT&T sjT& < +q
]sTqT d+|Tq s#q < nq> ]sY n+{sT. Anecdote nq> | d+|TqqT >T]+
d+|+> sjT&+. | b<jTT&T nH ]sT (d+|Tq\ ]wsT)qT sVksT. nH
]sT qeTHqT |]o*+#+&.
Name of the student: ......................................... Class:..................... Session: .....................
Occasion and Place
A factual account of the incident Teachers comments or

or situation as observed
suggestion
Teachers signature & Date
= d+<s\ |\\ T |<y ] Xs|s rsT |e]ksT . n+X+ | |\\ T <H +>
< TTD+> |d+~+# rsTqT |]o*+#&q ~ |j>|&TT+~.
|\\ $Xw |uqT qs d+uwD < d+<s+ >T]+ sjT&+.
() bsYb *j (Portfolio):
$<sT\ T #dq \qT d]+q y{ |<s q\qT, |rsT $es\qT d+\q+ #d u <|s # & y T
portfolio. $$< ksTT\ ysT sdq y{ |<]+#e#T. M{ e> portfolio n+{sT.
| d+|Tq\qT, $Xw |u q]q|&T <s |\qT u<|s#e#T.
|\\T sdq >j\T, <\T, b&+q >j\T, ^dq \T, s\T yTT<q$.
3. bC |qT\T
s> >~ e\+ $q&+ <s < #<e&+ <s HsTe&+ n +& #jT&+ <s,
nqTue+ <s HsTe& neX+ *+# seTyT bC|qT\T. B<s |\ |]o\q,
|j> H|D\T n_e~#+<TsTT. V+> u<Hudq |jT\ bZq>\T>TsT. uw\T,
uws n+X\ |\\T k++> CH b+<& bC |qT\T m+>H |j>|&sTT. |\\T
bC bZq $<H, sb+~+q y~\qT <s+> #dT= eT+q+ #j*.
106
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
q n+X+ MT< $<]/ $<sT\T L\+w+> #]+ deTdqT $$< D\ $Xw+,

|]o*+ y~qT deT]+#&+.
~ =+eT+~ $<sT\ T +> L& sV+#e#TqT. $<q+ e\q $<]
djT+ nudq+, qT \TdTq n+X\ MT< ssD, = $wj\qT d]+#&+, qeTH\qT
jsT#jT&+, deTdqT $Xw+#&+, sT\ e{&&+ yTT<q >TD\T n\e&sTT.
y~ s|\ q (Documentation):
|\\T eTT d]+q de#s <s+> #dT= y~qT jsT#ksT. |\\T sV+#
se\qT eT|< sd e>* n~ y~ neT+~. bC |qT\T, de#s dsD yTT<\>T
y{ ]bsY s|+ sjT& &yT+fwH < y~ s|\q n+{sT. |qT\ ysT
sV+q rsT, d]+q de#s+ sj*.
4. \|TT | (Slip Test)
sD eT+q+ |\\ keTs\ k<qqT q | s|+ L& |]o*+#e\d
+T+~. nsTT, ~ k<sD jT{ | <T. B >T]+ eTT+<T>H |X|+ sb+~+#Te&+,
|\ fy T fT |{ + #&+ , deTjT+H |q T sV+#&+ e+{$ +&e. b<jTT&T qT
#|q bs+X\ m+| #dTq $< |eD\qT |]o*+#& n|{|& sV+# s
|. B <s |\\ keTs\ k<qqT b<jTT&T s]+#& M\T \T>TT+~. B| m+{
eTT+<dT de#s+ $<sT\ eqeds+ <T. |X\qT q\\| >, #sT| > sj*. |d+
q |X\qT, nuk\qT n> eL&<T. |\\T + k++> de<H\T sd+<T M\T>
|X\T jsT#d y*.
bs{y nddtyT +{ b|&| &T sV+#*?
` sD eT+q+ sE y s> >~ u<q u>+.
` $< d+es+ H\T>T ksT ]sT qy<T #j *. b<jTT&T yde +> |]o*+,
qy<T #dH |\\ , deC HjT+ #dq yeTe+.
` sD eT+q+
1. p
2. >w
3. qe+sY
4. | e] H\\ qy<T #j *.
` b<jTT&T |\\ keTs\ k<q qT |]o*d |> s]+#*.
` | sE |\\ |> qy<T #j *q neds+ <T .
` b<jTT&T q |]o\q\ <s+> ssD e esT\T y*.
` {#s Y & , HT|d \T d]#d +&&+ , bC y~\T, ~~q de<q |\T <s\T>
+#Ty*.
` >&T ss TT+#&+ $<] k~+q esT\qT <w +#Ty*.
` |\\ |> bsTT+ d\T d+#*.
107
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` dV bs+X\ >&T\bT $esD d\T L& sj*.

` +~ |{ <s+> esT\ X{ >&Ty*.
X+
>&T
91-100
71-90
51-70
41-50
A+
A
B+
B
0-40
$wjT +
sD eT+q+ ` 2
|\\ u>keT+, s n+X\T bC |qT\T
|d+<q\T
(10 e)
(10 e)
(10 e)
\|TT |
b+~q >&T
esT\T
(20 e)
\T>T
16
40
>&T\T
_G
sD eT+q+` \D \T:
u<Hudq sT>TTq|& |\\T b HsT+THs |]o*+#&+.
nu dqqT yTsT>T|s# T e& s+s+ ]>~ (on going assessment)
nu dH yTsT>T|sT dT+ ~.
nudq+ b sT>TT+~ nH $<q+| <w|&TT+~.
n+sZ + > ss TT+#Tq |< T \T, \\| |u e+ #|T+~.
n_e~ |s#e\dq n+X\qT >T]+#& |edT+~.
u<H |<T\T, $<H\T yTT<qe s+s+ esTe& Mq ds+ *e+T+~.
|> d+ |jTdT+~.
|sd s+ HsT e& M\T*dT+ ~.
dksTT |]o\q.
|\\ &\T, HT|d\T yTT<q k<H\ <s eT+q+ sT>TT+~.
5.15 d+>VD eT+q+ (Summative Assessment)

$<] u<H u dq |jT \ <s HsT =q n+X\qT yTT+ > eT+q+ #jT & d+>V D
eT+q+ n+{sT. $ sT yTT+ |P]nsTTq s < s] bs|D[ |PssTTq sTy
|\\ k<qqT |+# |<. |< $<] qT #~$q sT<s @$T HsTH&T?, m+ es
HsT H&T? nH n+X\qT |]o*+#&+ sT>TT+~. k<sD+> s (||sY ` |) |\ s|+
eyT sV+# d+>V D eT+q+ bs $wj \qT eyT |+ #&+ sT>TT+~. |\\ T
108
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
b+ HsT HsT n |+ #&+ . ]q, y] |] sV+# d+>V D eT+q+ $<sT\ T

y] k<qqT, esT\T, s+\ s|+ n+<CdT+~. rs k~+#s < eyT *jTCdT+~.
$<sT\ T #~$q n+X\ ne>Vq #dT = d++> |\ sjTe\d se&+ e\ |\ |\ |
uj
T +, y\ +&<T . sV n+sZ eT+q $<q+ |\ |] |\\ eT< *> ny+# jT
b{ Z+#& |j>|&TT+~. B duy eT]+> +> ns+#dT+<+.
~ nudqqT eT+q+ #d |<.
k<sD+> sY, y] |\ s|+ HsT q yTT |d T + ~. nq> e d (Quarterly),
ns y] (Half Yearly) eT]jTT y] (Annual) |\ T s|& + .
$<|eD\ <s+> |\\ |> b<jTT&T djT+> j sT#dq | ||sY |]o*+#
| |<.
| sVD d+ b<jTT\T duy> s]+q $< |eD\ <s+> |X|+
sb+~+#Ty* ($wjTy us |{\qT |]o*+#+&.)
us |{ \ T
\T>T
20%
10
10
20%
20%
10
10
20%
20%
10
10
eT+
#<e&+
eT+ s
dH
eT+ s
20% 40% 100% 20% 10% 20% 40% 10%

10
20
50 M
10
20% 40% 100% 10% 10%

10
20
50 M
20% 40% 100% 10%

10
20
50 M
10
5
`
`
10
20
20% 30% `
10
15
20% 30% `
20
30
|<C\+ /
uc+X\
T
+
yTT
s
n + X
\T
bC
|
q T\
T
\|T T
|
u > |\ \
| d k eT+
+<q ,
\T
s>
n+X+
1`2
3`5
6`9
u
e
u
u
e
e
sT \ s + sT \ s + sT \ s +
T
T
T
20%
$q&+,
e{&& +
|X+ d,
sjT&+
dyT {y
bs {y
yTT+
100%
50 M
10%
5
20%
20
20% 100%
10
50 M
20% 100%
20
100 M
eT |q T | +> sV+#*q neds+ <T . eT | d++~+q $< |eD\

{sTT+q esT\qT b<jTT&T eT |]o\q\ <s+> < n+eTT+<T qy<T#dq
bs{y eT+q+ <s+> {sTT+ |\\ |> qy<T#j*.
s | d+ j d \ y> s]+q us\ |s+ $<|eD\ <s+> |X|+
sb+~+#Ty*.
109
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
d+>VD eT+q+ $< d+es \+ s+&TksT sV+#*. { yTT<{

d+>VD eT+q+. nsY ed+, s+&e d+>VD eTq+ e] <
@| ed + s V +#*. y T T< { d + > V D eT+ q + d + | X | +
sb+~+#T=H|&T nsY H\es |PssTTq d\dtqT |]>D rdTy*. n> s+&e
d+>VD eT+q+ d+ |X|+ sb+~+#T =H|&T |P] bs|d nq>
n n<j\qT |]>D rdTy*.
dyT{y |X| sb+~+q|&T ns\ |X\ b<q y*. nq> yds|
|X\T, \|TT de<q |X\T, d+| de<q |X\T, \ |X\T yTT<\>Tq$.
keTs #+~q |X\ |X|+ $u>+> y*. b |qT\qT |X|+
es<T.
|X \T |\\ T HsT q ueq\ <s+> $Xw + #& ]+> +#&, dH+>
e]+#& q k+ n_bj\qT C&+ sjT& nqTL\+> +&*.
| s+&T eT+H\ sD eT+q+ |\\ |> |]o\q eT, ssb\
n+#Hyd, d+>V D eT+q+ ss |+ eyT n+#H yj * +T+~. nsTT
b<$T s>T\ nq> 1, 2 s>T\ eT |qT L& sV+#*.
s] d\dt <s+> b<jTT&T djT+> |X |+ sb+~+#T= eT+q+ #j *.
s d+d\T, e\T sb+~+q |X|\T |j+#L&<T. b<jTT\T |X|+
s|\q >T]+ d +| deyX+ #]+ dVjT+ b+<e#T.
b<jTT&T |X|+ <s+> b<$T jsT #dTy*q neds+ <T.
m+<T+f dyT {y |X |+ |X \T due k++> sjT&, $Xw D +> sjT&
M\T> e+{sTT. { s> |\\+<s syTq de<q+ sks u$+#L&<T.
|\\ T k++> de<H\T sjT& |X |+ &&*. bs |d + d+#Tq <H
_qyTq de<q+ |\\ T eT k+ #q\T, nqTuy \ sd e+&e#T. n~ ds q ~ nsTTq|&T
< L& |]>Dq rdTy*.
$<|eD+ |X\ $u>+H +{sTT. { $<|eD b esT\T
#sT? |\\T b esT\T k~+#sT nH~ dT\u+> \TdTe#T.
k<sD+> b<jTT\T +eTT+<T de<q|\T ~~qf |dT+ L& de<q |
~~ esT\T yjTe#T. de<H\T $<] $<] esT +{sTT { C>>
#~$ esT\T {sTT+#*.
de<q |+ ~~q sT y |q {sTT+q >&T \ @ $<|eD b esT\T e#sTT?
yTT+ esT\T, >&T sj*.
>&T ss TT+#&+ $<] k~+q esT\qT <w +#Ty*. +~ |{ <s+> esT\
X{ >&Ty*.
110
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
+~ <VsDqT |]o*+#+&. sj b$T< s> #<Te+~. JeXd+ dyT{y

{ qT b+~q esT\T, $<|eD\T b Hj |]o*+#+&.
$es\T
$<|eD\T
keTs\T
u.n. |X,|] |j, d.H. ,bC u,|,q |,$,Je
b+~q esT\T 20
10
11
B+
B+
B+
B+
>&T
esT\T
>&T
62
B+
du y> $<|eD\T, us |{\T, sw $< |]X<q D d+d <s+ $wjT

|DT\T sb+~+q s+s deT> eT+q+ e& $es+> e&+ ]+~. y{ <s+>
|X|\qT sb+~#T= b<jTT\T d+>VD eT\+H sV+#*. B d+es+
3ksT sV+#*. (d|+ sY, &d+sY/ qe], @| ek\).
5.16 dVbs+X\ eT+q+ (Assessment of other curricular areas)

dVbs n+X\qT eT+q+ #jT&+ s bs $wj\ e~]> +& e\+
d+>VD+> d+es+ 3 ksT eyT eT+q+ #j*.
M{ s] s | +&<T. b<jTT\T |]o\q <s+> >&T\T y*.
dV bs+X\ $< |eD\ y> |\\ |> |]o*+ esT\T {sTT+#*.
|\\ T b+Z Tq rsTqT, |<] dTq H| D\qT, #]dTq $<H\qT |]o*+ esT\T, >&T\T
y*. M{bT $esD d\T L& sj*.
dVbs+X\T H\T>T. n+X+ +< <T keTs\T e&sTT. keTs 10
esT\T. n+f = n+X 50 esT\T +{sTT. yTT+ H\T>T n+X\ 200 esT\T
+{sTT. <VsD n+X+ +< e&+~.
.d+.
|sT
\
bZq&+,
&d]
(10 e.)
k~+#*q keTs\T
>&T
j>, e> |]ds\ u< ` s>+,
yT&fw H ,
bwVs+, (50
k{, > & , |]Xu ` |<eT eT+ Vs
mH.d.d. s> n\yT
n\yT e.)
(10
e.)
(10 e.) (10 e.)
(10 e.)
A+
` # u>Tq~, =qk+#+&. ~ nTe T+.

A ` u>Tq~, q XD
|jT +#+&. e T+
B+ ` |s
<T , w# d + u> #jT >\sT.
111
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
B ` HeTe+> #jT >\T>TTHsT. eT]+ w neds+

.
C ` b<jTT& dV s+ neds+
, | X< |{*.
5.17
CCE
` ]wsT, ]sT\T (CCE - Registers and Records)
j ek\ |P]#d q bs+X\ eT~+| #jT eqT. FA s+s+ > u<H u dq n+<s>+
#d |\\ T >&T\T k+. SA s | sV+ n+<T L& >&T\T k+. $<sT\ T k~+q
esT\ <s+> 5 n+X\ >&+> d ` A+, A, B+, B and C | $<] |> s]k+. esT\
<] >&T\T $<] |> n+#HyjT{ dT\ueTsTTq esZ+.
uc, uws n+X\bT dVbs+XeTT\sTTq s>+ eT]jTT yjeT $<, k+d
$<, $\Te\T eT]jTT yKsT\T L& eT~+| #jT&TsTT.
` SA1, SA2, SA3 (Summative Assessment) sV+# 3 d+<s\ dVbs n+X\T n+#H
yjT&TsTT. esT\ <] >&+> dVbsn+X\ $<sT\ e&TT+~.
` | b<jTT&T q s>>~ / $wjT+ q d++~+q dd ]wsYqT sVk&T.
+<T | $<] |> qy<T #k&T . |> |> |+/eTT${ ]sT b+<T|s
*< + &T\ |]o\Hs+ |+|ksT .
` eTT${ ]sY | $<] 1`5, 6`10 s>T\ es sV+#&TT+~. B 8e s>
|P] nsTTq |<| m*yT+ $<qT |P]#d q T> d]| { |< q+ #jT &TT+~. eTT{y
]sT >&q 8 d+es\ |\y n n+X\T nq> VsT, bs, bss n+X\
|> eT]jTT *<+&T\ ke, ] d>T\T |_+_ksTT.
CCE `
5.18
`
`
`
`
`
`
sVDù<\T
(CCE - Implementation - Roles & Responsibilities)
s+s deT> eT+q+qT m|{|&T n bs+X\ n keTs\qT |]o*+

n+#H yj*.
bs+X\ y> |]o*+q n+X\qT ]wsY qy<T #d u< b<jTT~.
s> >~ |\\+<] u< eV+#*+~ b<jTT&T.
bsX\ dd sVD, u< sV+#*+~ |<Hb<jTT&T, j b<jTT\T B
u< eV+#*. |sy+#*.
+| ksTT dd sVD, |syD u< |<Hb<jTT~.
bsX\ dd sVD mdtm+d, |{@ L& |syD u< sV+#*.
eT+&\ ksTT dd sVD neT\T u< sV+#*+~ eT+&\ $< XU~] (m+..z.)
eT]jTT y] d+~.
ksTT dd sVD, neT\T, |syD $<XU~] (&z) u< eV+#*.
112
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
5.19
CCE
` neT\T ` d\T ` <s\T
(CCE - Indicators of implementation - Evidences)
dd bsX\ <], b<jTT d++~+q eT+q+. |X|+\qT K+>

b<jTT& jsT #j*. s d+d\ qT+& > e\ qT+& > b+<s<T. |\\ |>
|q $e]+q 5 n+X\ >&+> d| esT\ <s+> s]+, qy<T #j*. $< |eD\
$<sT\T k~+q >&qT A+, A, B+, B and C > >T]+#*. | bsX\ s+q $< |eD\
k<q ,f #j*. | $<] s+q keTs\ k<q d++~+q X, keTs\T HjT
$Xd+#*. $<sT\ |> <s+> s> >~ / bsX\ >&T e&TT+~. ~ m+eT+~
$<sT\T A+ eT]jTT A k~+#sH <| ssTT+#&TT+~. dVbs+X\ eT+q+q |\T
s\ eT+q k<H\T |j+#&, >&+> e&TT+~.
| b<jTT&T dd ]wsYqT sV+#*. +<T | $wj #+~q nudH
d\T nq> $< |eD\T udtH| m+ yTs |> k~+#sH $wj >&T\ s|+
qy<T #j*. eTT{y ]sT L& sV+#&TT+~. ~ s+&T <X\ +T+~. 1 qT+& 5e
s> es b<$T, 6 qT+& 10e s> es b<$Tq. 8e s> nq+s+ d]|{ |<q+
#jT&TT+~. SCERT ysT dd neT\T nedseTsTTq esZ<seTTqT, D\qT, sB|\qT
jsT#d b<jTT\ ksTT |#d n~sT\, &d_ n+~dT+~. se\+{
mdt.mdt.@. deTqjT+ mdt.d..sY.{. sVdT+~.
dd neT\T sT>TTq <s\ +~ y{ >eT+#*. <s bsX\ dd
neT\T sT>TTq rsTqT n+#H yjTe#T.
1) b<jTT&T k++> jsT #dTq |X|\T, |\\ HT|d\T
2) bs|d\ |\\ djT eT+q+, |D[\T, y] eT]jTT jT{/ bs|D[\T
3) d.d.. ]wsY sVD
4) b<jTT\ &
5) |\\ &
6) bsYb*j\T
7) nH& ={
8) |]o\q y~\T
9) #* dt\ T
10) de<q |\T
11) |\\ |<sq\T
12) bs|d+ e&q nuk\T, |X\ |\\T + k++> sjT&+.
13) bC |qT\ y~\T
14) eTT{y ]sY
15) |<Hb<jTT&T eT]jTT b<jTT\ ]eP $T{ T.
16) >&T, d&yT{]jT |j+#be&+.
113
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
114
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
6. bsX\ | ~H\T ` | >+\T

(School Working Days - Working Hours)
6.1
eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

(Context)
6.2
H|<+
6.3
bsX\ | ~H\T, | >+\T ` |dT |]d

(School Working Days and Working Hours Existing Situation)
6.4
RTE-2009 - bsX
\ | ~H\T, | >+\T ` dq T $esD ` |<C \+ $esD
(RTE-2009 - Sections and Details on School Working Days and Working
Hours and Terminology)
6.5
RTE d+q $<+

> bsX \ | ~H\T, | >+\T ` neT\T
(School Working Days - Working Hours as per RTE - 2009 Implementation)
6.6
| ~H\T, | >+\T ` neT\T ` u< \T

(School Working Days - Working Hours - Implementation - Roles and
Responsibilities)
6.7
| ~H\T, | >+\T ` neT\T d\T

(School Working Days, Working Hours Indicators of Implementation)
6.8
115
eTT+|
(Conclusion)
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|\\ |sT>T<\
|\\ T <w+ #d yesD+ |] b{&& + n\esT=+{sT. >T]+| b+<

yesD+ |] eT+ \ @ss#T =+{sT. |\\ T uj
T + |] nu < HsT.
$Xd+ >\ d J$d $y#q HsT +{sT. |\\ T > * #jT &T |] d>T Z ++#T=+{sT.
dV|P] yesD+ |] eTT ed+# ||+ #+ >=|<qT+{sT. |\\ T nj b|+ nH
d |] eT| eTT C*|&T T+{sT. |e_eH\ eT< |] |]|Ps e\ T> |sT>TsT.
` &s H
b<jTT& u<
MTsT #| +~ |\\ T $H\qT+f MTsT |\\ T #|~ $q& d<| & + &. y u~+#e<T.
y HsT e& dV jT|&+ &. y <>sZ m|& sTqe +&&+ , y *d qe&+
eTT+<T> MTsT HsT +&. n|&T |\\ T MT $<sT\ T> > $TT> +{sT. MT <>sZ
HsT e&, MT q+<+ |+#Te&, c\T MT #| e& eTT+<T eksT .
H <w b<jTT& ||<e T u< ~.
` \+ #e*, usrjT $<ue H
(kq+ ` #<T e)
dJe u<q (Organic Teaching) d*j dH yssY
| _& eTVdH +T+< d*j qeT+. n~ H>]\ +f |

& dTKJe\+f <>|& wJ e eT]+ +T+< yT $Xd+. dHq T eTq+
y\Ty d _&\ T ||+ # |~\+> \u& sT. +f $< +d+ kH $TdT+ ~. n|&T
ds HXq+ sT>TT+~. _& dqo\qT y*rjT&+ m? ` nH< @ {#s q ydT e*q
|X . B {#s Y sT&T y*. dw s y*. s+sHw y*. q V<j yTT< {
| y*. {#s Y | #jT >\&H~ d*j d<++. n+<T yT y#* esdT + ~.
esYT <wdT + ~. V<jT eTTq {#s $< ds deT+T+~. _& n+q yTq Cq+ qT+
|dy &T m<Ts=q J$+ qT+ y*q+ keT <=sTT+< yT nqTue +. BH yT dJeu<q
n+T+~.
` #<T e $Cq+
116
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
6. bsX\ |~H\T, |>+\T

(School Working Days - Working hours)
6.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1) bsX \ n+f @$T{? (What is school?)

2) bsX \ d+d< n+f @$T{? (What is school readyness?)
3) @ @ ]\+ n+X\T bsX\ neT\T #j*?
(What curricular areas are to be implemented in school?)
4) $< d+u+<yTq se\ due+ @$T{?

(What is the nature of academic programmes?)
5) |, | {sTT+q deTjT+ n+f @$T{? (What is time on task?)

6) u<H deTjT+ eT]jTT b<jTT\ j deTjT+ n+f @$T{?
(What is instructional time and preparation time?)
7) u<Hudq deTjT+ #j*q$, #jTL&$.

(Suggested dos and donts during instructional time?)
8) |ue e+yTq e]+> eT]jTT dVjT+ #jT&+ eT]jTT n+s ]\+ se\
neT\T |<Hb<jTT b @$T{?
(Role of H.M. in effective monitoring and supporting and undertaking cross curricular events
and reposnsibilities)
6.2 H|<+ (Context)

m eqsT\T H, m+ keT H y{ |D[<+ > s> >~ $j+, d * \T
k~+#*+~ b<jTT&. @ $< seTyTH $jTe++ y\+f, seT+ ksTT
neT\T e& n+<TuT q deTjT+, eqsT\T, <w +#T= q |D[ eTT+<T y*.
n|& \k<q ] >TD $< k<eTeT+~. Bd+ n+<TuT q |~H\T, d\dt,
b<jTT\T, eqsT\T syTT<\>Ty{ >T]+ eTT+<T>H q |D[ sb+~+#Ty*.
bsX\ |>+\T yTT+ |\\\ nudq+ d+ <+#&qy { |\\+<s bsX\
deTj |P]> d~j>|s T #TH bsX \ |D[ +&*. b<jTT\T bsX \ |P]de Tj
|\\T HsTe& $j+#* | =~d| u~+ $T> deTjT+ MTsT #<Te+&, >&,
{y] HTT\ #d sdT+& n, @<H | #| n+f ueT\T ^jTeTH, H\T><TksT
sjTeTH, {|eTH #| |\\T nudq deTj <T]j>+ #jTL&<T. n++&
LsT ||sT #<e&+ |\\ HT|d\T, yT|\T ~<&+, eT<Vuq |< d++~+q
]wsT, VsT ]wsT, s+s deT> eT+H d++~+q ]sT\T, ]wsT e+{ s |qT\T
117
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
#jTs<T. Te+{ |qT\T s+< $< u\\ V #+ ` 2009 |s+ bsX\ |y\
eTT+<T, s #j*. bsX\ deTjT+ |P]> |\\~. n~ y] n_e~ d+ y+#*.
|\\ bsX\ deTj q{ qsTX+ d~j>+ #dTy\+f n+<T q |D[qT
b<jTT\T sb+~+#T= neT\T #j *. |\\ qT nu dq+ |P]> qeT>TqT #j \+f *+#*q
\T, #s\ |X\T < d++~+q ePV\T, keT b<jTT\T eTT+<T>H #dTy*.
$wjT + b<jT j nH~ n+ \+. u<H u dq keT, q\\ | |sd s |d+<q/
#s d+<s + > $]$> $j+#*. nu dq+ yqT&q |\\ nu dq |> b<jTT\T yT<
H eV+#*. |\\ +<s +q yTs HsT +f n|& n~ HD>\ $< e\+ 30 40 X+
eT+~ |\\T eyT #jT>* n~ HDyTq $< <T. bsX\ HDyTq~ <T.
sY.{.`2009 esZ<s\ <s+> bsX\ |~H\T, |>+\T, bs |D[ us\
rdTy*q esT\T d++~+ n<jT+ |s=q |b<q\T |uT |+|+#&+ ]+~.
6.3 bsX\ | ~H\T, | >+\T ` |dT |]d

(School Working Days and Working Hours Existing Situation)
|dT+ swksTT b<$T, b<$Tq eT]jTT q bsX\\ |~H\T s+>

q|{ |>+\ &\T HsTT.
bsX \\ y> |y\ T:
bsX \
|y\ T
1. b<$T
.>+.9.00 qT+& k. 3.35 es (eT.12.15 qT+& 1.15 \+#Y)
2. b<$Tq
.>+.9.00 qT+& k. 4.05 es (eT.12.15 qT+& 1.15 \+#Y)
3. q
.>+.9.45 qT+& k. 4.40 es (eT.12.35 qT+& 1.45 \+#Y)
yTT+> b<$T, b<$Tq eT]jTT q bsX\ $<sT\T >&| deTjT+ +~
$<+> +~.
b<$T bsX\\T
: 5 >+\ 10 $Tc\T ($seT deTjT+ +&)
b<$Tq bsX\\T
: 5 >+\ 40 $Tc\T ($seT deTjT+ +&)
q bsX\\T
: 5 >+\ 40 $Tc\T ($seT deTjT+ +&)
bsX\\ |y\| de+ esTqT k+~. m+<T+f
` $$< sD\e\ |\\T/ b<jTT&T bsX\ \d+> se&+ < eTT+<T> y&+ e\
bsX\ deTjT+ e< neT+&&+.
` |yT bsX\\T kjT++ 4.30/5.00 >+\ es |#jT&+. |uT b<$T bsX\
3.45 es eyT |#jT&+. *<+&T\T ~ L& #]dTHsT.
` b<$TksTT |\\T bsX\ e~* +{ e# deTj *<+&T\T +{ #sTbe&+.
118
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` $<sT\ *< + &T\ eT |\\ T me deTjT+ bsX \ +f me $wj \T HsT +{sH

n_bjT+ * +&&+.
` bsX\ deTjT+ e> +&&+e\ bss n+X\ sVD q deTjT+ +&be&+.
` kjT++ bsX\ deTjT+ e> +&&+ e\ sVD neX+ be&+.
RTE-2009 - bsX
\ | ~H\T, | >+\T ` dq T $esD ` |<C \+ $esD
(RTE-2009 - Sections and Details on School Working Days and Working Hours and
Terminology)
6.4
` sY{ `2009 |s+ 6`14 d+es\ eT< q u\\+<] s+< $<qT n+~+#* +~.
` B |s+ | ~H\T eT]jTT |>+\T |s=+ dH 19, 25 \ nqT+<+> w&
e&+ ]+~.
` w& |\\+<] HDyTq b<$T $<qT n+~+#& jTe\T, beD\T
|s=q&+ ]+~.
` w& .d+.3 $< d+es+ d |~H\T / u<H >+\T d+#&+ ]+~.
` w& .d+.4 b<jTT\ ys d |>+\T m +& d+#&+ ]+~.
` #+ w& s+q jTe\T, beD\T |r bsX\ b{+#*. y M{
\+|Tq ] (n s>qsTT) d<sT bsX\ >T]+| s<T #ksT.
sY{ `2009 w& ` < n+X\T:
w&
(dqT, 19, 25)
& jTe\T, beD\T
.d+.
n+X+
3 $< d+es+
d |~H\T /
u<H >+\ d+K
119
{#s ys `
d |>+\T
jTe\T, beD\T
i) { qT+& nsTT<e s> es s+&T e+<\ |~H\T
ii) sT qT+ m$T<e s> es s+&T e+<\ sy |~H\T
iii) { qT+ nsTT<e s> es $< d+es+
m$T~ e+<\ u<H >+\T.
iv) sT qT+ m$T<e s> es $< d+es+ ysTT
u<H >+\T
u<q d+ q\u nsTT<T >+\T (j *|)
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
#+ |s=q |<C \T, $esD:

m) w&: w& nq> sY{`2009 #{ nqT+<+> +~.
_) &: & n+f b<$T $<qT n+<Cd >T]+|b+~, q jTe\ q&TdTq~.
d) $< d+es+: d+es+ bsX\ bs+u eT]jTT eTT+| |uT+ |{+q
\|]$T.
&) bsX \ |~H\T: $< d+es+ |uT + s +q yTs (sY{ `2009 |s+) bsX \
|#d sE\ d+K
) u<H >+\T: bsX\ $<sT\T eT]jTT b<jTT\T *d u<Hudq |jT >&|
deTjT+
m|)t {#s ys d |>+\T: s ys+ b<jTT&T u<H u dq |jT bZH
deTjT+. +<T b<jTT&T j nedsyTq deTjT+ L& *d +T+~.
) |]jT&: \|]$T *q u<H deTjT+
RTE d+q $<+
> bsX \ | ~H\T, | >+\T ` neT\T
(School Working Days - Working Hours as per RTE - 2009 - Implementation)
6.5
sY{`2009 #+| w& s+q yTs u<H >+\T, |~H\T eT]jTT bs+X\
us+, b<jTT ys d |>+\qT bsX\ neT\T|s#T bsX\ deTj
sY.{.`2009 d+q $<+> +~$<+> esT#jT&+ ]+~. B| |uT sT\ d+
|b<q\T |+|+#&+ ]+~.)
.d+.
1.
2.
bsX\
|y\T
1 qT+& 5 s>T\T .9.00 qT+&

k. 4.30 es
6 qT+& 8 /
. 9.00 qT+&
6 qT+& 10 s>T\T k. 4.30 es
d#q\T
|dt u
d+& u
bsq
` .8.45 .
` . 8.50 .
` . 8.50 qT+&
` .9.00 es
s> bs+u+ ` . 9.00 qT+&.
w& |s=q jTe\T, beD\qT <w |T=, | |y\qT nqTd]+ bsX\

deTjT k]D (d f+fT) +~ $<+> ssTT+#&yTq~.
n> $wj \ y> us b|~> |]jT&q T {sTT+| |{ q T s> y> +< d+#&+
]+~.
120
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
bsX\\ deTjT k]D (f+-fT)

|]jT&
1e |]jT&
2e |]jT&
d\ $seT+
3e |]jT&
4e |]jT&
uq $seT+
5e |]jT&
6e |]jT&
d\ $seT+
7e |]jT&
8e |]jT&
1 qT+& 5 s>T\T
6`8 / 6`10 s>T\T
. 9.00 qT+& 9.50 es

9.50 - 10.35
10.35 - 10.45
10.45 - 11.30
11.30 - 12.15
12.15 - 01.15
01.15 - 02.05
02.05 - 02.50
02.50 - 03.00
03.00 - 03.45
03.45 - 04.30
. 9.00 qT+& 9.50 es

9.50 - 10.35
10.35 - 10.45
10.45 - 11.30
11.30 - 12.15
12.15 - 01.15
01.15 - 02.05
02.05 - 02.50
02.50 - 03.00
03.00 - 03.45
03.45 - 04.30
bs+X\ y> us+ (|]jT& {sTT+|)

1 qT+& 5 s>T\T
$wjT +
|<eTuw (\T>T)
~rjTuw (+^w )
>D +
|]ds\ $Cq+
Xs, s> $<
\T ` k+d $<
H+`K q+`d+^+
$\Te\$<, JeqH|D\T
| $<, +|PsY $<
yTT+ |]jT&T
121
6`8 / 6`10 s>T\T

|]jT&T
12
6
12
6
4
2
2
2
2
48
$wjT +
|<eT uw (\T>T)
~rjTuw (V+B)
rjTuw (+^w )
>D +
u Xd+
JeXd+
k+|T Xd+
Xs, s> $<
\T ` k+d $<
H+`K q+`d+^+
$\Te\$<, JeqH|D\T
| nqTue +
+|PsY $<
yTT+
|]jT&T
6
4
6
8
4
4
6
2
2
1
2
1
2
48
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
bs+X\ y> us+ (|]jT& {sTT+|)

1
keT \T>T
eT+> \T>T
T<
\T>T
>TsT
\T>T
X
\T>T
X
\T>T
2
\T>T
\T>T
\T>T
\T>T
\T>T
\T>T
3
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
4
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
5
sY |t
sY |t
| $<
| $<
&HeT
&HeT
6
+^wt
+^wt
+^wt
+^wt
+^wt
+^wt
7
$mdt
$mdt
$mdt
$mdt
$mdt
$mdt
8
| m&TwH
| m&TwH
m~ $\Te\T
| m&TwH
m~ $\Te\T
| m&TwH
8e s> ` deTjT k]D

1
keT
eT+>
T<
>TsT
X
X
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
>D +
k+|T +|PsY $<

k+|T +|PsY $<
k+|T |dH
k+|T | dH
k+|T | dH
k+|T | dH
+^wt
+^wt
+^wt
+^wt
+^wt
+^wt
\T>T
\T>T
\T>T
\T>T
\T>T
\T>T
jdH
jdH
jdH
jdH
m~
m~
sY
sY
|..
|..
|..
|..
>D +
&HeT
| m&TwH
esY m&TwH
| m&TwH
>D +
deTjT k]D (f+ fT) s|\ q b{+#*q d#q\T:

` b<jTT\ n+<TuT
` du y> q ]\yT ysTTf
` s> ><T\ n+<TuT
` s+&T esTd |]jT& uw u<q s+& #&+.
<. \T>T |]jT& s y+H V+B > +>+ |]jT& > s+& #&&+.
6.6 | ~H\T, | >+\T ` neT\T ` u< \T

(School Working Days - Working Hours - Implemnetation - Roles and
Responsibilities)
` bsX \ |~H\ neT\TqT |]o*+#T u< |s yD

~sT\bT |< Hb<jTT L&
+T+~.
` > | bsX\ deTjTk]D neT\TqT |sy+#*q u< |<Hb<jTT&<.
+<T |< Hb<jTT&T +~ $wj \| <w k]+#*:
` |<Hb<jTT&T b<$T+> be nqTue+ q b<jTT&T. eq |<Hb<jTT&T
| du / s> u<rdTy*.
` b<jTT\T VsTq|&T s> L& |<Hb<jTT&T rdT= = $wj\T, H
$\Te\T |\\ #]+#*.
122
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
u<H >+\T ` y{ d~j>+.

n+<TuT q b<jTT\ deTj d~j>|s#Te&+.
b<jTT\T n+<TuT q|&T |ejT @sT #dTe&+.
@ s> $<sT\T L& U> +&+& #&&+. Bd+ , s eqsT\qT
|j +#T=HT #&&+ .
` b<$ T ksTT Xs, s> $<, \ T, k+d$<, H+, K q+, d+^+, $\Te\
$<, Jeq H|D\ d++~+q |]jT&qT n+<TuT q b<jTT\ {sTT+#&+.
` | sD\ |~H\ d+K Z y{ |ejT+> |#dT |D[ d<+ #dT e&+.
` ]\yT ysTTfC s+q |]jT& d+K >Z+& #&&+.
` b<jTT&T n+<TuT +f |\ k++> j se\T sV+#T=HT q
d#q\qT e&+. +<T |<Hb<jTT&T u<eV+#&+.
` b<jTT\ j eT]jTT u<q d++~+ jsT#dTq |D[\qT |]o*+ >T
d#q\T e&+.
` bsX\ sV+# $$< se\T, |+&T>\T y\ q deTj {sTT+#Te&+.
` j y\ sVD eTT+<T>H |D[ ydT= sVD u<\T j b<jTT\
n|+#*. n+s ]\yT se\qT |< Hb<jTT&T |D[ ydT = b<jTT&
H#sY> |{ sV+#*.
|>+\T d~j> |s#Ty\+f eTT+<T> b<jTT\T d+d<T\T y*. n+<TqT>TD+> y]
j +&*. +<Td+
` eTT+<T> #sD s#sD |D[ d<+#dTy*.
` |\\ ksTTqT>TD+> nudq |jT\T +& C> rdTy*.
` nedsyTq nudq keT n+<TuT +#Ty*.
` |\\ e>, T |qT\qT *+#*.
` |>+\ deT $j>+ { b<jTT\, $wjT |DT\ d\V\T, d#q\T d]+#*.
` | sE #<T ee&+ n\yT> #dT y*. #~$q = $wj \qT {+> esY sdT=
|\\ #b*.
b<jTT <>Zs +&*q d {.m.m+:
` bs |d \T
` u~+# du\ d++~+q d\udt |\T
` > 5 d+es\ n+~+q e&
` {#sY &
` s+s deT> eT+q ]wsY
` s|sH |d\T / |T+Te\T / e>CqT
123
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
`
<\ |d\T, >+<\jT |d\T

n&$T >&H ]wsY
d+es, jT{ / bs|D[
s |s H |d \T, |j >s y T q |d \T
XwyTq, u<jTTyTq b<jTT\Tq bsX\ eyT <se+yTq bsX\> +T+<
#|e#T. m+<s b<jTT\T bsX\|>+\+f me deTjT+ bsX\ |\\bT
u<Hudq |jT\ bZ+ y] >TD $<qT n+~+# ~X w #dTHsT. b
=+eT+~ bsX \ |>+\ |P] deTjT+ u<q {sTT+# +& s |qT\T #d @<
yTT&> eT <> deTj e< #dTHsT. eT]=+eT+~ |D[<+> |y\qT
d~j>+ #dTe&+ $|\eTe deTeTeTHsT. nqeds+> & >TseTHsT.
|>+\ d~j> s> >~ nqTd]+#*q$:
` |\\ e>, T|qT\qT *+#*.
` s> >~ *+#ujT nudq |jT\ $es\qT & sdTy*. +q, k~+q
|*\ #sT\T, esT\T, |d+<q\T qy<T #dTy*.
` nudq |jT\ |\\+<s bZH #&*. |jT\ |\\ u>ke n~
b<qy*.
` q\\qT |j + #]+#*q n+X\T, H|t sd < <s+> s> #s \T sV+#*.
` $<sT\T #|q n+X\T q\\| sj*. b<jTT&T q\\ <>Zs \&, $<sT\ <>Zs
y, $<sT\qT >eTd #TsT> +& nudqqT sV+#*.
bsX\ |>+\qT d+|Ps+> u<q {sTT+#\+f, b<jTT\T n+<TqT>TD+> eT
|rsTqT, e|sH|D\qT yTsT>T|s#Ty*q neds+ m+H +~. +<Td+ d\e~H\qT
$j+#Ty*. k<sD+> @&~ bsX\ |~H\T+& 165 qT+& 145 es $$< s\
d\e\T +{sTT. sE\ u<H $<H\ edTq qq b&\T, u<H|s |d\T, s|sqT
|d \T e+{$ #~$ ne>Vq @ss#T y*. ne>VH+X\qT {y] |+#Ty*. #]+#*.
H{T sdTy*. bs|d\T |\\ { bs|d n<q+> C&+ = $wj\T
<VsD\ u~+#*. bs|d\ $\Te\ n<q+> $\Te\qT u~+#*.
6.7. |~H\T, |>+\T ` neT\T d\T

(School Working Days, Working Hours Indicators of Implementation)
`
`
`
`
bsX\ |~qeTT\ #sY |<]+ +&&+.

]\yT ysTTf |{ |<]+ +&&+.
deTjTk]D qT> u<q s>&+.
b<jTT\y> deTjTk]D |<]+ +&&+.
124
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` b<jTT&T n+<TuT q|&T #dT q |ejT @sT d++~+q ]ws Y sVD.

` b<jTT\T eT U deTj, u<q j |j+#Te&+.
` @ s> |\\T L& U> +&+&, @< |, djT+ nudq+ eT>yT
+&&+ .
` `]\sY j${dt deTse++> sVd +&&+.
` bsX\ ksTT $$< |+&T>\T, y\T, eTTK~qeTT\T sV+#&TT+&&+.

s+< $< u\\ V #{ |&+B> neT\T#j*. #+ |s=q $<+>
|~H\T, |>+\T swy|+> n bsX\\T (|uT, |sTTyT jeH\ #+~q$) $~>
b{+#*. |\\ {sTT+q u<H deTjT+ q{ qsTX+ d~j>+ y*. +<TqT>TD+>
b<jT j +&*. s> ><T\ kqTL\, nudq, dV|P], V<s yesD+ L&
+&*. y] |D[<+> #sD s#sD |D[ sb+~+#T |\\+<] >TD
$<qT n+~+#~X b<jTT\+<s w#j*. w bsX\ |<Hb<jTT\T eT bqT
bwd n+<] esZ<s\T> +&*.
III
|\\ H V<jT+ n++

|\\ u~+#\+f MTsT y+f w| & *. n|& |\ XeTqT d+c
dV|P] uy, eqe eTq+ r]~<> \ +. b<jTT&T | |\y & V<j
nHw+#*, n_e+#*, |\\ nqTs>+ H |dy &b y*. |\* |$T+#&e T+f
|\\ *d e{&&+, #]+#&+, sb bZq&+, |\ |\\T> es&+.
n|&T eyT |\\ T, eT T+u\ bsX \ | CH e<X |$T+#T
#jT>\+. b<jTT&T |\y& T++ duT>, *> +& rs*.
` dTVAMTH d
125
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
7. bsX\ jeq $T{\T

(School Management Committees)
7.1
eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

7.2
7.3
H|<+ (Context)
& be]~? be] u< eV+#*? b+<T?
(To Whom the school belongs. To whom the school is accountable and
Why?)
7.4
bsX \ sVD n+f @$T{?

(What is School Management?)
7.5
RTE - 2009 - bsX

\ jeq d+| \ >T]+ |k$+q dq T, $es\T `
$T{ @sT, $<T \T

(RTE - 2009 About SMC - Formation of SMCs and SMCs Roles and
Responsibilities)
7.6
7.7
RTE
#+ ` |<\T, $esD (RTE - 2009 Terminology - Description)

bsX \ jeq $T{\+f eTT+<T |]d
(Situation before SMCs comes into Existence)
7.8
bsX \ jeq $T{\T b+<T? y{ b+<T k>+#*?

(Why SMCs and Why should we welcome SMCs)
7.9
bsX \ jeq $T{ deyX\T ` |dT |]d ` |u e+

(SMC Meetings - Present Situations and its Impact)
7.10
bsX \ jeq $T{ deyX\T ` neT\T ` $<H\T

(Conducting SMC Meetings - Proceedures )
7.11
bsX \ jeq $T{ deyX+ #]+ neT\T #jT e\dq$

(Items to be discussed in the SMC Meeting and its Implementation)
7.12
bsX \ jeq $T{\ |rsT ` neT\T ` d\T

(Functional aspects of SMCs - Implementation)
7.13
bsX \ jeq $T{ deyX\ sVD ` d\T

(Indicators of Implementation for Effective Conduct of SMC Meetings)
7.14
126
eTT+|
(Conclusion)
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
u\| V\T ` bsX \
|\\ T #d | | XyT . | #d | _& u\ ]& nH< HjTyTq y<+. & b |\\ T

s b eb | b, #jT | <T. n|&T eTq s +&T s\ |\\ T |ksT . sT X$T+#
|\\ T n+f u\]\T eTs=sT |P]> & #<T eHysT. |H~ MT<H & b | _&
u\]&H n+X+ <s|& +~. eTq+, |q|&T | _& u\+ V,
qT $d+ #&, q keTs\qT y*rdTe& >\ n neX\qT $j+#Te&+ n
V. | @ s|+ H n~ _& >\ VqT \s#<.
|P] ksTT & #<T e=H |\\ T eyT # <s+> qT n eTq+ q$T
|\* |P]> & +q|&T eyT y u\| V |]s+ #&TT+< eTq+ n+^]+#*
+T+~. | | + u\| V |]s+ #~>, \uf~ > eTq+ bsX \\ #&*. ~ &
+&*q yTq \D +. & ee TeT+~. n|&T u\| VqT b&&+ , u\ ] eedq T
s*+#&+ , n+<] #<T e Hs &+ e >=\TdT *+\T> eTq |ksTT. M{
< $d]+ eTs< |Te&+ e\ deTd @ e+ |]cs+ <, |jT + $|\ yTr sTT+<
nse TeT+~. k] |\* | |+|+#&+ eT+~ <, n~ | d] neds+ < |d, |\*
& #s &+ << sT>TT+~. n|&T & qT+ de+ me | * dT+ ~. < yqTy+f
de+ & >T]+ |{+ #Te&+ |sT>TT+~. $< u<q yd <q+f n< s| |]d
@s&TT+~.
` X e$T&|P & H>sTq
(kq+ ` #<T e)
deT> $< m +T+< >+BJ eTq= <s H#sT. jTq e\T #&+&. ~ qT+&
V<jT $d+ b+~q _& $wjT+ rdT+&. q\T e&&+, e&+>+, d<+ e+{
|jT Ty T q e D b+<T, d++~+q Cq+, |eTT $j>+, y{ j
H]q _&, nqT. n+>kwe +, s>e+yT q Xs+, nqTue Cq+, + m<TsjT | rsT & T
>*> eTqX * +{&q T. e\+ $<T L&q yT<&T < ~.
eqd $< >D X k, q e jT|<+ #jT >\ $$< Xk\ d+|Ps CH
yT$+#T +{&q T. eTHd+ d+ kV|sH L& |] d, $< d+|Pse TeT+~.
& eTqw&+f e\+ yT<&, <V y, V<jT y, @ { H<T. |Pse qe& $k
n X \ dyT q+ neds+ . < $< >T]+q yTq nsX d+ .
Te+{ CHHwD e\, $<|< q+ e eyT eqe&T |s>$Tk&T . q J$,
||+ # eT]+ eqMjT+ #dT >\T>T&T.
` y&e qMsu <T&T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
127
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
7. bsX\ jeq d+|\T

(School Managemnet Committee)
7.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1) bsX\ k~+#*q~ @$T? \\T?

(What is the purpose of the school - aims and objectives?)
2) bsX \ me]~? (To whom the school belongs?)

3) bsX \ u>T> q&y\+f (sV+|&\+f), +# \\qT b+<\+f mesT u< eV+#*?
m+<T?
(Who should take responsiblity for effective functioning of school and achieving its aims and
why?)
4) mdt.myT.d. m+<T? < eX @$T{? (Why SMC? What is its purpose?)

5) bsX\ sVD n+f @$T{? B @ @ se\T/|qT\T +{sTT.
(What is school management? What are the major activities in school management?)
6) mdt.myT.d. jTT $<T\T, u<\T @$T{?

(What are the roles and responsibilities of SMC?)
7) mdt.myT.d. duT\T bsX\ n_e~ d+ bZH\+f |<Hb<jTT\T eT]jTT b<jTT\

b, u<\T, dVjT dVs\T @$T{?
(What is the role of H.M and Teachers for effective involvment of SMC members in school
developmnet?)
8) mdt.myT.d. # u>T> | #dT+<q{ <sq+ eT]jTT d\T @$T{?

(What are the indicators of effective functioning of SMCs?)
7.2 H|<+ (Context)

us< X + nH~> |\\ $< de+ u< rdT=, q < s+ bsX \\qT sV+#~.
eT+ b<jTT\qT jT$T+ HDyTq $<, $\Te\T H]+#ysT. bsX\ sVD, b<jTT\
jeT+, y] bwD u< j >e *< + &T\T, de |<\ T *d $jTe++> sV+#ysT.
$<yTq u< # $jTe++> q&+~. us k+q+s de+ rdTH u<qT
|uT+ rdTq~. <s de u>keT+ <s bsX\ sVD eT+> >TZ e+~. nd\T
yTT+ +&H bsTT+~. bsX\ sVD u< |&T |<Hb<jTT& u< nsTT+~.
|<Hb<jTT\T e\+ | n~sT\ u< eVdTHsT. | n~sT eTqT |\\ $wjT+
n&>\ u$dTH sT? >MTD b++ q ;< *< + &T\T bsX \\ y[ eT |\\ T m #<T eT HsT?
bsX\ m |#dTq~? b<jTT\T eT u<qT m sVdTHsT? n n&> |]dT\T y]
128
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
*+#&&+ <T . ~ ]>T bsX \ u< eV+#&+ <T . |< *< + &T\T, ss dT\T, n&>
<s+ y] & e +#TT+~.
|\=s de+ nH d+d\ T @sT #jT &sTT. de d+d\ bsX \\~ |eTTKkq+.
de n_e~ n+ de+ $< |]d| <s|& +T+~. { $< k<q |uT+
bsX \\qT @sT #d+ ~. |dT \+ |uT jeq+bT |y T jeH\T L& nH
s\ bsX\\qT @sT #XsT. bsX\\, deC n$Hue d++<+ +T+~. @ d+dHH
|\ u>keT+ | d]. |\ u>keT+ sV+# @ d+d nsTTH, seT+ nsTTH n<Ty T q
|*\qT k~dT+<H~ #] d+.
7.3 & be]~? be] u< eV+#*? b+<T?

(To Whom the school belongs. To whom the school is accountable and Why?)
& de+ jTT ds|+. deC #+~q |\\+<s &#] $<ud+ |PssTTq
s ] deC_e~ w#j* +T+~. u$ us bsT\qT jsT#d~ &. { &
de+ yTT u< eV+#*. $< d++~+ |P] u<qT eV+# & yTT+ deC
#+~q~. de+ | ] u>keT+H & @ssTT+~. { & sb\, &
|> |\ u>keT+ |d].
& be] u< eV+#*? b+<TT u< eV+#*?
$<sT ds eTTU_e~ k~+#& & @sT #XsT. { & deC, de+
duT\ u<eV+#e\d +T+~.
& |#d ysT de u>keTT\T>, & u<eV+# e\T> yTT+ deC
u< eV+#*. |\\ ds eTTU_e~ & |PT y*. & @ss#T q \\ k<q sT>TTq
w d++~+ deC b|{|&T $es\T n+~+#*. & deTd\qT de+ rse\d
+T+~. n> de deTd\T d++~+q #s, |]cs+ & s|e\d +T+~.
7.4 bsX \ sVD n+f @$T{?

(What is School Management?)
$< \\qT bsX\ <s k~+#T $< |D[ (]\yT) eT]jTT s se\qT
#> |D[ #dT q d+d< |uee++> neT\T#d, b|{|&T eTq+ @ yTs +q
\\qT k~+#eT eT~+| #dT= |s> k~+#& &&~ bsX\ jeq+.
bsX \ +# \\qT b+<& $$< se\qT bsX \ sVdT+ ~. e&q ]\+
eT]jTT $$< bs+X\ neT\T, b<jTT\T eT e d++<y T q u< \qT deT+> s]+#T
|<Hb<jTT&T u< eV+ |sy+#*. $<sT\T +q keTs\T b+<s? <? nq~
L& $$< d \ |s+> |< Hb<jTT&T, b<jTT\ dMT sV+#*. bsX \ se\T,
|\\ |>, bsX\ n_e~| de+, *<+&T\, SMC eT+ |+& y~+#*. bsX\
129
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|y\T, |~H\T, b<jTT\, |\\ VsT yTT<\>T y{| X<|{ |<Hb<jTT&T u<
rdTy*. $q se\T, $<$wjT |DT\T, k+d sb\ |DT\T, eT\
|DT\qT bsX\\ |*|+ seT+ sV+#*. & = se\T, =<q+ |+#*.
$<sT\qT & yesD+ + #j*.
jeq| |qT\T (Management Tasks):
` bsX\ <s +# \\ <s+> bsX\ se\ s|\q, |D[.
` @ \\ se\ neT\T eT]jTT |*\| $XwD, |qXsD.
` bsX\ n_e~ d+ n_e~ |D[ j, sVD.
` |uT |<\T/ $<H\qT ne>Vq #dT= y{ neT\T#jT&+.
` |\\ HDyTq u<q eT]jTT yT<|syTq \T #s\<s nudq+ ]> #&&+.
` #<Te eTT+<Tq, yqT&q |\\ deq neX\T eTT+<T yT #&&+.
` |\\ Xs, yT<|syTq, H, k+|T n_e~| #q, >T se\ s|\q, neT\T
eT]jTT eT+q+.
` $< |D[ (]\yT) se\T, n+s $< |D[ (n+sY ]\+) se\ sVD
u< eV+ |qT\ $u q, neT\T.
` HDyTq u<q, HDyTq nudq| #q, neT\T, |syD.
` b<jTT\ j , y], jT{ / bs |D[, {+> HT, {.b.byT. j , u<q .
` bsX\ q eqsT\| ne>Vq eT]jTT y{ $j>+.
n$: >+<\jT |d \T, b<jT ]|s H T, dVu\ sY , dH b|tyT +{, > yT b|tyT +{,
e|t, >T, #sY, {.$., s&j, +|PsY yTT<\>Tq$.
7.5 RTE - 2009 bsX \ jeq d+| \ >T]+ |k$+q dq T, $es\T ` $T{
@sT, $<T \T
(RTE - 2009 About SMC - Formation of SMCs and SMCs Roles and Responsibilities)
bsX \ jeq $T{ @sT:

` sY{`2009 dH 21(1) |s+ & jeq d+|T+ @sT #j*.
` , s+< $< u\\ V +<q 19 |s+ #+ neT\T eq 6 H\\ | nH
msTT&& bsX\\T | | bsX\ bsX\ jeq $T{ | @sT #j*.
b|t) dH 21(2) |s+ & jeq d+|T+ +~ $<T\T s]dT+~.
m) & |rsTqT |s y+ #&+ .
_) & n_e~ |D[qT jsT#d, dbsdT #jT&+.
d) d++~ |uT + < k |uT + < s eqsT\ qT+ nsTTH n+~q <T \ $j>
|s y+ #&+ .
130
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
&) dbsdT #dq s $<T\qT s]+#&+.

` dH 21(2) m qT+& & es s +#&q E\ |s=q $<T \ n<q+> ~>Te *|q
$<T\qT bsX\ jeq $T{ s]+#* +T+~.
` #<e &+, sjT&+, >D |]Cq+ ne>Vq e+{ n+X\ |\\ nu dqqT | s> #+~q
$<sT\ qT+& s+&yT> m+#T= |<]+#eTq&+.
` |\\ b<jTT\ > s sT| X< #|&+ , b<jTT\, |\\ > s sTqT +Z # #s \T #| & + .
` bsX\ |]ds b++ 6`14 d+\ ejTdT q |\\+<] C_ jsT #jT&+, &
jT{ |\\T bsX\ qy<T njT+<T deTse+yTq #s\T #|&+.
` dH 24 m qT+& es E\T ({#s $<T \T, deTd\ |]cs+), dH 28 ({#s |y {
wH\| w<+) neT\T|]#T #jT&+.
m) & VsT e&+ deTj, eT<qT b{+# #&&+.
_) s+q deTj bs+X\qT |P]#d #&&+.
d) bs+X\ sC+> $\Te\T, u\\ ds eTTU_e~, nu dH J$ nqsTT+#&+ ,
s+s deT>eT+q+ e+{$ |_+_+#*.
&) |\\T HsTH keTs n+#Hyd, < nqT>TD+> n<q| u<qqT, ksTT q
u<qqT n+~+#*.
) *< + &T\ m|{| &T $<sT\ VsT, ksTT, |> d++~+q de#s m|{| &T
n+~+#*.
m|t) @ {#sT L& |yT wqqT, |yT u<H|qT\qT #|L&<T.
` bsX\ yd b++ u\\T qy<, |sE bsX\ eT+ |+& VsjTT
#&&+ .
` sY.{.`2009 w& |s=q |eD\T, +<q\T b{+#T |sy+#*. n$:
1) b<$T ksTT 1:30, b<$Tq ksTT 1:35 b<jT, $<] w +&&+
b<$TksTT 150 |> $<sT\T+f, b<$Tq ksTT 100|> $<sT\T+f
|<Hb<jTT\T+&&+ b<$TksTT 200 $T+ 1:40 |s+ b<jT, $<]
w +&&+ ,
2) b<$Tq ksTT , yjeT, e$< bsYf+ u<\T +&&+.
3) n\ nqTyq ueq+ +&&+, nedsyTq s> ><T\T +&&+, s+|\T,
eTsT>T<=&T,>TsT, e+>~, d\+, |V]>& +&&+,
4) u<q d+ ys 45 >+\T, j n<q| >+\T {sTT+#&+ . b<$ T ksTT
200 |~H\T, 800 u<H >+\T, b<$ TqksTT 220 |~H\T, 1000 u<H >+\T
|#d #&&+.
131
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
5) nedsyTq u<H |]s\T, >+<\jT+, & keT +&&+.

u\\ V\ |]sD ]> @ q |<+ > eTTK+> Xs, eqd V+d, bsX\
|yX + es+#&+ , dH 3(2) |s+ ns \ y{ deTLs&+ e+{ n+X\qT m|{| &T
k |uT + <w rdT &+.
dH 4 n+X\ ($<sT\ ejTdT >Z | D @sT) neT\T neds\qT >T]+#&+ ,
|D[ sb+~+#&+ , |s y+ #&+ .
| neds\T>\ |\\qT >T]+#&+, y] bsX\ qy<T #sTT+#&+, nudq ks\qT
*+#&+, |sy+#&+, ysT bsX\ sb\ bZHT #&&+, m*yT+ $<qT
|P] #dT #&&+.
bsX\ eT<V uq |<+ neT\T rsTqT |sy+#&+.
bsX\ y] KsT U (jTT.d.\ bT) eT]jTT <jT $es\qT sV+#&+.
bsX\ eq <T\qT u+ bsX\ jeq $T{ #sY|sH, yT+sYqsY
eT& U eT#j*. UqT | d+es+, nedsyTq d+<s\ &{ #jT&
n+<TuT +#*. | d+es++ <T\T $&T<\ #d n<]{ $j> <MsD
|\qT deT]+#*. >+T\ $j> |sy+#&+, rsH\T #jT&+.
bsX\ jeq d+|T+ #ssY n+f+{ < |+& &sY < dVs XK &sY
<s bsX\ U\qT &{ #sTT+#*.
bsX\ d eT* edT\ \q eT]jTT $j>+.
& #]q |\\+<s & e] s> |PsjTes =qk> #&&+.
eT bsX\ #<Te |PssTTq |\\T &b{ +& n+<] dMT| bsX\ | s>T\
#s &+.
j s>T\ k~+#*q d nudq keTs\T $< d+esyT k~+#&+.
bsX\ n_e~ |D[ sb+~+ neT\T #jT&+.
$<sT\ |> m|{|&T |sy+#&+, q #s\T rdTe&+.
eT<V uq |<+ neT\T rsT |]o*+#&+.
bs|d\T, jTb+\T, HT|d\T d\+ b+< #&&+.
|X+ k|PsyT q $#sD s|& + .
b\qT m#|+& bsX\ ]q @ =+ |>qsTTH |X+d+#&+.
|\\ |qT\T, k+d n+X\qT |<]+|CjT&+.
$T{ deyX\ sVD s+q mC+& |s+ sV+#&+.
bsX\ y\T, |+&T>\ sVD dVjT dVs\T n+~+#&+.
u\\ V\ |]sD u+>+ \>+& #&&+.
132
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
bsX \ jeq d+|T + @sT +<q \T:

$T{ @sT +~ $<+> +T+~.
` $<V #+`2009 dH 19 dudH(1) |s+ | bsX\ (>T]+| b+~q |y{
bsX\\T $TqV) bsX\ jeq d+|T+ | @sT #j*.
` 1`5, 1`7, 1`8 s>T\T sV+# b<$T, b<$Tq bsX\ jeq d+|T+
@sT #j*. q bsX\ 6`8 s>T\ b<$Tq bsX\ jeq d+|T+
@sT #j*.
` b<$T, b<$Tq bsX\ @sT#dq jeq d+|\qT eT+&\ $<~],
sbsX\\ jeq d+|\qT $<XU~] s<T #des bsX\ jeq
d+|T + =qk>TT+~.
b) |<T\ m
` | s> #+~q *<+&T\T/ d+s\ qT+& eTT>TZ] |<T \T> mqTy*. eTT>T]Z
<s T eTV\T nsTT +&*. eTT>TZ] d+ e |L\ |]dT\ #+~q esZ,
eTs=e \Vq esZ\ #+~ +&*.
` s> $<sT\T sT>T] +f e +f eTs= s> nq> | < +~ s> *|
m sV+#*.
` mqT&q |<T\ \|]$T s+&T d+es\T +T+~.
` n dqT, e<e\qT *| s>> |]>D+#*.
` y mqT&q |~ #+~q |\\T bsX\qT e<*|& kq+ deTj
=y] mqTy*.
_) | VT\T
` bsX\ |<Hb<jTT\T < kq+ H#] u<\T sVdTq b<jTT&T yT+sY
qsY> +{sT.
` eT+&\ $<~] eTs= {#s qY T |b~+#*. k<sD+> M]<] sT d nsTT +&*.
` bsX\ ueq+ q b+ #+~q s=ssY/ \sY/ ysT duT\T.
` bsX\ sVdTq b+ #+~q n+>Hy& ss.
` bsX\ sVdTq b+ #+~q eTV s> ss.
` d++~ >eT/ ysT eTV deK n<s\T.
d) `|& duT \T
` bsX\ dV]+# $<y\T, |uTs d+d\ |<T\T, y\T e+{y] qT+& <]
mqT&q bsX\ jeq d+|T duT\T `|t #dTy*.
` bsX\ yd b+ ds+#Y/ eTT| #sH/ yTjTsY bsX\ jeq d+|T+ deyX
VsTe#T.
133
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
&) #sH, ydt #sH m

` | s> qT+& mqT&q |<T\ qT+& ] #sH>, eTs=] ydt#sH> mqTy*.
M]<] sT eTV nsTT +&*. #sH, ydt #sH\ sT \Vq esZ\T < |L\
|]dT\ #+~q esZ\ #+~qys +&*.
) m $<q+
` | $< d+es+ bsX\\T bs+ueTsTTq H\ s *<+&T\T, d+s\
|<Hb<jTT\T y] k<sD deyX+ sV+#*.
` |\\ *<+&T\T / d+s\T, bsX\ b<jT +<+ n+<s deyX VsTy*.
` > $< d+es+ sV+q $< d++<, nudq \ d++~+ bsX\ y~
eT]jTT |dT $< d+es+ neT\T #jTe\dq n+X\ |D[ deT]+#*.
` bsX\ n_e~ se\T eT]jTT sVD d++< n+X\qT &]+#*.
` | $<] *<+&T\T <s deyX VsTe#T. m bZqT ]
zTV +T+~.
` {+f me s>T\ |\\T #<TeT+f | s> m\ *<+&T\ mes sT
bZqe#T.
` |<Hb<jTT\T m sV+#*.
` m sV+#T 50% *<+&T\T/ d+s\T VsT e\d +T+~.
` #T\T m&+ <s, n_bjT+ #|&+ <s m sV+#*. nk<sD |]dT\ sVd
u{ |< |j+#e#T.
` | s +&T H\\k] bsX \ jeq d+|T + deyXe Ty*. yTT<{ deyX+ $< d+es+
bs+u+, e] deyX+ $< d+es+ es sV+#*. e] deyX+ $<
d+es+ yTT+ $< d++< |> eT]jTT se\qT dMT+#Ty*.
` bsX\ jeq d+|T+ duTesH | nC+& deyX+ sV+#\ ] #sH
nqTeT |< Hb<jTT\T | deyX+ sV+#* < sujT deyX+ nC+&
n+X\T #]+#T M\T> #s*.
` bsX\ jeq $T{ duT\ eT<V uq $T{, $< d++< n+X\ dMT $T{,
<T\ |syD $T{ e+{ du $T{\T (|$T{\T) @sT #j*.
` bsX \ jeq d+|T +, |$ T{\ deyX $es\qT ]ws qy<T #d n+<sT duT \+<]
#<e& n+<TuT +#*.
` bsX\ jeq d+|T+ deyX+ | s> qT+& =+<sT $<sT\qT mqT= #<e&+,
sjT&+, #T]< |jT\ e+{ y{ y] ksTT |<]+|Cj*. n<$<+> $<sT\T,
b<jTT\ VsTqT dMT+ yTsT>T<\ #s\T #|{*.
134
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` ydb++ 6`14 d+\ |\\ $es\qT d]+, sV+#&+, | _& s> q

s> #], e] es =qk>T #&&+, e\d |\\T, | neds\T >\ |\\ |
DqT n+~+ bsX\ =qk>T #&&+ bsX\ jeq d+|T+ u<.
` |<Hb<jTT\T eT]jTT #sH |] u+ U sV+#*. bsX\ n+< <T\T,
$s\qT U<s sV+, n+<] #]+, rsH\T qy<T#d KsT #j *. so<T\T
u <|s &{ #sTT+#*.
` |L\ esZ\ #+~qysT n+f w& \T, w& >\T, nH<\T, e\d eT]jTT
M~|\\T, | neds\T >\ |\\T, V#Y..$. kqysT.
` u\Vq esZ\ #+~qysT n+f yq&q s> T \T, yTH \T, y]<jT+ s.60,000/` +f
e q sT \T.
sY{`2009 dH 21(1) |s+ @sT #jT&q bsX\ jeq $T{ d+ s+&T
H\\ k] deyXy T & neds\T, |\\ |> deTd\T yTT<\>T y{ >T]+ #]+ deyX+
rdTH rsH\qT $T{ ]sT #d n+<] n+<TuT +#*. $T{ sdTqy{ neT\TqT
|s y+ #*.
7.6
RTE
#+ ` |<\T, $esD
(RTE - 2009 Terminology - Description)
` dH 21(1) |s+` &T\ k |uT msTTq |C|<T\, & #<TeTq

u\\ *<+&T\T < d+s\T, b<jTT\ & jeq d+| @sT #j*.
nsTT \Vq esZ\T, |L\ |]d T \qT m<Ts=+Tq +<\ |\\ *< + &T\T < d+s \
<ec|< b<+ *+#*.
` dH 21(2) |s+` bsX\ jeq d+|T+ +~ $<T\qT s]dT+~.
dH 22 : dH 21, dudH ( 1) |s+ @s&q |& jeq d+|T + db sdT #dq $<+ >
& n_e~ |D[qT jsT#j*.
#+ bsX\ jeq $T{\ d++~+ |j+q |<\T $esD\T |]o*<+.
` u\\T : 6`14 d+es\ u\, u*\T.
` *<+&T\T: u\\ dV, de < < rdTq * < +&.
` &: b<$T $<qT n+~d >T]+| b+~q &. B+{ $ +{sTT.
m) d++~ |uT+ < k |uT+ k|+ < jeq+ < jT+D
q &.
_) q KsT yTT+, =+u>+, dVjT+> d++~ |uT+ < k |uT+
qT+& b+<TTq msTT&& bsX\.
d) | eZsD #+~q &.
135
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
&) q KsT\ d++~ |uT+ < k |uT+ qT+& mTe+{ dVjT+ b+<
nHmsTT&& bsX\.
` d+s \T: u\T&T/u* d+sD
u< d& * q e\ T. M dV d+s \T e#T,
sT < #|s+> |{+#&q < jT$T+|&q d+s\T e#T.
` \Vq esZ\ |\\T: d++~ |uT+ |q <s |s=q d+ yTT+ +f e y]
<jT+ q *<+&T\T < d+s\ #+~q u\\T.
` |L\ |]d T \ q +<\ #+~q |\\ T n+f` w& \T, w& >\ T, ke+>,
$<|s+> yqT&q esZ+ < d++~ |uT |q <s |s=q >, ke+>,
$<|s+> yqT&q esZ+ < d++~ |uT |q <s |s=q ke, k+d,
], u>[, uw, *+> < @ s sD\ e\HH > |L\ |]d T \T m<Ts=+Tq
+<\ #+~q |\\ T.
` k |uT+ n+f... q>s b\ d+d < q>s b\ d+|T+ < |]wY < q>s
|+#jTr < |+#jTr @ |sT |\Te&q|{ & MT< |]b\H d++< jT+D *q
d+d ddT+ ~ < neT\T q #+ |s+ @<H >eT, |D
, q>s+ k |uT +>
|#jT& n~s+ b+~q d+d ddT+~.
eT]= u< \T:
1) bsX\ jeq $T{ | D nedsyTq |\\qT >T]+#*. y] DqT sV+#*.
` |\\ T eTT #]q s> $$< du \ q ksTT qsTT s> =qk>T
nedsy T q ksTT k~+#T nedsy T q | D qT n+<Cj
*. +<T |\\ T ejTdT
q s> #]q s> ksTT Hs, < >T]+#*, s> =qk> ksTT
b | D +<\ (mdt{d) #s*. | D +<\T (mdt{d) |
u<HkeT u<H ePV\T neT\T#d $<sT\T s> ksTT k~+#T |#ksTT.
$ yd sV (sYmdt{d), yd sV+> (mHsYmdt{d) L& +{sTT.
2) | D s |\\qT y] ejTdT q s> #s*.
` m+ =+<s> M\sTT n+ deTjT+ qT+& s+&T d+\ |\ s> =qk> ksTT
k~+q s d++~ s> VsjTT #&*. u<qT bsX\ jeq
$T{ sV+#*.
3) &jT{ |\\ qT >T]+#&+ , dMT]+#&+ djT+dV jT +<\T, bsde d+d\ T yTT<q $
#TsT> bZH bsX\ jeq $T{ #&*.
` yd b++ n+<sT &&T |\\ $es\T b<jTT\T, n+>Hy& ss\T,
d#+ < d+d\ dV s+ d]+#*. | +{ qT+& & &T |\\ de#s+ *< + &T\T
#TqT> bsX\ jeq $T{ duT\T #&*. de#s dsD bZH*.
136
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
4) &jT{ |\\d+ | D
` &jT{ |\\qT & #]q|&T ysT #]q s> =qk> ksTT# y] |
D +<\ (mdt{d) #] s> =qk> ksTT k~+# #&*.
5) | neds\T>\ |\\ >T]+ bsX\ jeq $T{\, s bs de d+d\
D y*.
` | neds\T >\ |\\+f <Ts<we+T\T s, y] q {+\ |ej\T
n+~d k<sD |\\ deqeTH ydy de+ >T]+# ne>Vq *+#*. #e\T
$q& u\\ $q& dV]+# jT+\qT neTs&+ <s ysT s u\\
deqeT >T]+#*. #<Te yquTq+ nH~ +&< | sT = H|D\qT
* +{s y{ | D e&+ <s y] cT\T> #jTe# deC
ne>Vq *+#*.
6) bsX \ jeq $T{ #s |Y s H q |]~ | bsX \\T, | |y { bsX \\ $es\
bT dMT| b++ q \Vq esZ\T, nqqTL\ +<\ #+~q |\\ C_qT sV+#*.
` bsX\ jeq d+|T+ s|q #sH ydb++ bsX\\T n+f |uT, k
d+d\ , msTT&&, |y { , >T]+|b+< + s n s\ (qy<jT , s d& jT yTT<\>T)
bsX \\ $es\qT, n+<T #~y \Vq, nqqTL\ esZ\ |\\ $es\qT L& d]+
sV+#*.
7.7 bsX \ jeq $T{\+f eTT+<T |]d

(Situation before SMCs comes into Existence)
>+ bsX\ $< $T{\ #+`1998 |s+ >eT $<$T{\T, bsX\ $< $T{\T,
n&$T e]+> $T{\T @s&q|{ y{ $<T\T, u<\ neT\T $wjT+ mTe+{ #<yTq
|syD, jT+D be&+ byTq |*\qT b+<&+ ]+~.
u\\ s+< $<V #+ (sY{)`2009 neT\T +< kq+ bsX\\T. {
bsX\\T |\ +\ yTs |#dq|& y{ eTqT>& =qk>T +q $< \\qT k~+#
neX+ @s&TT+~.
|\ u>keT+ eT]jTT de\T # <+ be&+ e\ $<$T{\ sVD, neT\T HeTe+>
]+<H~ >+ @sT #dq $< $T{\ <s nqTue+ e+~.
bsX\ sVD, n_e~ |\ u>keT+ d+ #<yTq $T{ eXqT >T]+,
|\ n;w+ yTs s+< $< V #+ `2009 bsX\ jeq $T{\qT #<yTq
$T{> sb+~+ y{ s u<\qT, V\qT *+#&+ ]+~.
# <+ eTT+<T HeTe+> q&q bsX \ $T{\T #+ @s&q sT y eT \_+q
# <y T q VA< eT]+ deTse ++>, | d]> bsX \ n_e~ eTe+T bqT bw+#e\d
+~.
137
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
7.8 bsX \ jeq $T{\T b+<T? y{ b+<T k>+#*?

bsX\ jeq $T{\ <s & sVdTq yd b++ |<\T, $<_eqT\T,

*< + &T\ dV s+ <s b<jTT\T bsX \ s +#Tq \\qT dT\u+ > k~+#e#T. bsX \
*+# edT \ $wjT +, & &T |\\ qT & s| +#&+ , & jT{ |\\ qT ] & s| +#T
b<jTT\ k\T dV]+#&+ <s d*\T k~+#e#T. { b<jTT\T bsX\
jeq $T{ @ss bsX\ u<\qT $jTe++> s]+#T w #j*. bsX\
jeq $T{ @sTqT k>+#*. k+> m<TsjT deTd\qT y] dV jT+ |]w]+#Ty*.
qy<T, VsT, edT\ \q, >TD $< k<q bsX\ jeq $T{ dVjT+
rdTy*.
`
`
`
`
`
`
bsX\ |P] deTj u<Hudq |j+#&+.

b& esT\T, yTsT>T|sTe&+ nedsy >T]+ <d+ |jT+#*.
|\\ HDyTq #<T e u< eV+ *< + &T\qT bdt.byT.d. |\\ |> |<s q
u< eV+#&+.
eq >+T\| b<jTT\ n+<] *d rsq+ #d |j+#&+.
eT* edT\ \q $j>+, eT{, deTejTdT\ dVjT+ n_e~ #jT&+.
d.d.. neT\T, d.d.. ]sY, eTT{y ]sY sVD, u\\ V\| ne>Vq,
|\\ due+, neds\T, nudq due+| ne>Vq, |T, neT\T.
7.8 bsX \ jeq $T{\T b+<T? y{ b+<T k>+#*?

me] |\\sTT bsX\ #<TeTHs y] bsX\ V+, $$< n+X\| (qy<T,

VsT, |>, edT\ \q...) #]+#&+ <s, bsX\ se\ u>keTT\T> #jT&+ <s
bsX\\qT |+ #jTe#T. |uT bsX\ $<sT\d+K >TZTq H{ |]dT\ bsX\
jeq $T{\qT bsX \ se\ u>keTT\T> #jT &+ <s deTd\qT |]w]+#Te#T.
$<sT\ |> ++ *+# n+X\qT bsX \ jeq $T{ duT \ #]+#&+ <s n&+ \qT
n~>$T+#e#T.
mdtm+d bsX\ se\+{ u>keTT\T> #jT&+ <s b<jTT\ deTd\
us+ L& >TZT+~. de duT\ <>Z] b<jTT\T y&+ e\ & u+ #LsTT+~. mesT,
me] <>Zs y* nH |X eq|&T b<jTT #=se#| *<+&T\qT \ee\d +T+~.
y] deyX\ djT+> V+#*. |\\T b #<TeTHsH~ *<+&T\ *dq|& ysT
eT+ |+& bsX\ deyX\ bZ+{sT. de d++<\T H\=\Te&yT |<q+,
mesT me] <>Zs y* nH~ <T. *<+&T\qT *d @ neX & e<T\Ts<T. $< d++<,
138
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
de d++< $$< ds\T, k+> ]> y\T, se\T e+{ y{ bZ &, deC
eT< d++<\qT |+b+~+#*.
bsX\ jeq $T{ eT<+> deyXeTe bsX\ d>T\qT, neds\qT >T]+
#]+qsTT bsX \qT eT]+ deTse ++> sV+#+<T neX+ @s&TT+~. bsX \ n_e~
|D[qT sb+~+, neT\T|s#&+ e\ bsX\ neds\T rs&+bT $< \\qT k~+#&+
sT>TT+~. +<T $T{ duT \T eT u< \T \TdTe&+ bT deyX\ VsTe&+, |>
u>keTT\Te&+ s>*. <s |uT +, de+, bsX \\ eT< deTqjTs> $T{ |#dT + ~.
eq bsX\ |D[<+> |#jT& >\ neds\qT >T]+, s+#Tq $< \\T
k~+#& s+s k |s yD neds+ . n+<T bsX \ jeq $T{\ @sT | d]. nsTT
|dT + bsX \ jeq $T{\T | <X \ nqT>TD+> | #dT H j? nH $wjT + +#*.
bsX\ jeq $T{ #TsTq b bw+q # |*\T d]<jT+> HsTT.
`
`
`
`
`
`
$$< b{\T se\ neT\T ` C, yds#q, |d+>\T, d >yT, k+d

se\T, M/ &+> M, T ]eP yTT<\>Tq$.
|\\ deT>_e~ n D\ n+s $< |D[ jT\ <s sT>TT+~.
b<jTT\T eT e|syTq n_e~ d+ nedsyTq se\ bZq&+, |d
dMT, #s\T, d$THs bZq&+ e+{$ #j*.
& n_e~ *< + &T\T, eT{ e\ qT u>keTT\qT #jT &+. dV jT dV s\T
+ eT+ &> r]~<*.
d+es++ & sb\T, b+~q |>| eT+q+ #j*.
y] y~ jsT#j*.
7.9 bsX \ jeq $T{ deyX\T ` |dT |]d ` |u e+

(SMC Meetings - Present Situations and its Impact)
sw+ be bsX\ bsX\ jeq d+|T+ |]d b +< |]o*<+.

` bdt.m+.d deyX\ sVD nedsyTq #=se, d |<Hb<jTT\T, b<jTT\T
#|be&+.
` $T{ duT\ nqTL\yTq y deyX+ sV+#be&+.
` duT\ eTT+<dT de#s+ ebe&+.
` de#s+ *dqqT $T{ duT\T VsTbe&+.
` bsX\ jeq $T{\ eT u<\T, $<T\| ne>Vq be&+.
` bsX\ jeq $T{\ deyX+ HeTe+>H sV+#&&+.
139
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
`
bsX\ jeq $T{ duT\ eTT duT\eTH $wjT+ L& *jTbe&+.

$T{ duT\ eT+ be&+, dssTTq sj\T rdTbe&+.
]wyTq mC+& sb+~+#Tbe&+.
s mC+& |s+ deyX sVD s>be&+.
eT<V uq+, <T \T, b<jTT\, $<sT\ VsT e+{ n+X\T #s +# +& HeTe+>
sV+#&+ .
` |\\ |> n+f #<e&+, sjT&+, \T #jT&+ e+{ y{ $<sT\ *<+&T\ eTT+<T
|<]+#be&+.
` |\\ |> >T]+ #]+#be&+.
` bsX\ eT+pssTTq >+T\ $es\T, KsT $es\T *jT|s#be&+.
` = bsX\ deyX+ sV+#bsTTH $T{ sd <T|] d+\T #sTT+#&+.
|dT |]d ` |u e+:
|q #| qT> bsX \ jeq $T{\ deyX\T yTT&> k>TT+&&+ eT]jTT $T{\T
+& u<\T deT+> sV+#be&+ e\ bsX\ yde |]dT\T, |>, neds\T $T{
duT\ *jTbe&+ e\ bsX\ n_e~ +\T @s&TTHsTT. & b q&TdT+~? |\\T
b #<TeTHsT? n n&> eed be&+e\ bsX\\T, b<jTT\ eT+> yT<]q+
+& bTq~. +<Te\q L& H{ <<| 40% eT+~ |\\T eTq b<$T bsX\ #<e&+,
sjT&+ #jTbTHsT. eq bsX\ |\\ #<Te $wjT+ $e d++~+ *<+&T\,
deC yT<q+ eV+#*.
|< Hb<jTTjTT |u ee+yT q |rsT, jTq / yT HjT +, u< eV+# due+
>T]+, bsX\ neT\T ]> se\ <s \TdT+~. ysT |ueo\Ts, eT+ HjT,
esTd+, eT+d+ s+s+ |+#ys, u< rdTHys n \TdT+~.
bsX\ jeq $T{\ deyX\qT eT<+> s mC+& |s+ sVd eT+ |*\qT
b+~q bsX\\ eTq sw+ HsTT.
$<] +& e nesTT m #<TeTq~? sp bsX\ VseTq<?

n b<jTT& n&q|&T MT nesTT mesT? @+ |sT? n b<jTT\T n&>
|]dT\T +f bsX\ sVD m sT>TT+< +#+&. b<jTT\ eTT
u~dTq s> $<sT\+<] |\\ |sT, y] *<+&T\T, y] T+ H|<+ >T]+
*d +&*. |\\ H|<+ *dq|&T |\\T s>, bsX\ m<Ts=H +<T\qT
dT\u+ > =\+#e#TqT.
140
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|\ u>keT+ |> k~+q bsX\\ <VsD\T =\\T. l $jq+<

>T+sT |D+ b<$Tq bsX\ #]q deTjT+ 50 eT+~ $<sT\T+f |dT+
$<sT\ qy<T 600\ #]+~. nqT *<+&T\, de duT\, |<\ d++<\T
|+b+~+#Te&+ e\ ~ k<eTsTT+~. b++ $$< se\, Cs\,
y\ bZq&+, |\\ T, |<\ d++~+q ke n+X\ q d#q\T, dV s+
n+~+#&+ (s>, eekjT $wj \ me] \y*, @+ #j * e+{$...) <s bsX \qT
deC dV+ #jT >*>sT. bsX \ nedsy T q eT* d<T bj\T deTLsT>*>sT.
n&+< &e> de duT\T eTT+<T e bsX\ se\ u>keTT\sTT, bsX\
sVD $jTe+ eTe+T dVs+ n+~+#sT. de duT\ |<Hb<jTT|
eT+ n_bjT&+, qeT+ +f eT |\\ qT, u< qT bsX \ n|ksT . B e*+~
eTq+ M\Tq|& >e y[ *<+&T\qT |seT]+ eT+#&\T \TdTy*.
7.10 bsX \ jeq $T{ deyX\T ` neT\T ` $<H\T

(Conducting SMC Meetings - Proceedures)
sY{`2009 |s+ s+&T H\\ k] bsX\ jeq d+|T+ (mdtm+d) deyX+

sV+#*.
deyX eTT+<T:
` deyX B, deTj ssTT+#*. n~ $T{ duT\ nqTL\+> +&*.
` deyX| mC+& @sT #dTy* (k neds\ nqT>TD+>)
` deyX d+ 3 sE\ eTT+<T $T{ duT\ deyX| ~, deTjT+, mC+&\ L&q
Vq | n+~+, so<T b+<*.
` |<Hb<jTT&T y] djT+> e{&*. *d deyX seT s*.
` |<Hb<jTT\T/ b<jTT\T mC+& n+X\ nqT>TD+> e\dq ]sT\T, ]wsT,
|<sq n+X\T d<+ #j*.
` duT \T >T+&+> Lse&, |<s q M\T> deyX d d<+ #j *. >TsT yTT<\>T
edT\T *+#*.
deyX deTjT+...
` Vsq duT\ # VsT ]wsT d++~ b<jTT\T d+\T #sTT+#*.
` > ed| rsH\ n+X\ neT\T| dMT sb*.
` mC+& n+X\qT |<]+#*. |<Hb<jTT\T #sqT n+X+ y> yTT<\T|{*.
` #]+q n+X\+{ rsH\ |d+ m|{|&T sj*.
141
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` |\\ |> |\\# |+> |<]+#*, #]+#*. *<+&T\# e{&+| Cj*. n+f
q\\| |\\# ssTT+#&+, \T #sTT+#&+, #~$+#&+ e+{$ *<+&T\T / bdt.byT.d.
duT\T #j*.
` $<sT\ VsT, eT<V uq+, nu dq ksTT, <T \ $j>+, bsX \ neds\| #]+#*.
#|ujT #s\qT ssTT+#*. $Tq{ T qy<T#j*.
` #]+q |r n+X d++~+ #| u jT #s \qT mese] @ u< \T n|+# ss TT+#*.
` & jT |\\ qT ] #]+#& $T{ duT \, b<jTT\ u< \T {sTT+#*.
` bsq VsTe\dq, eT<VuH |o*+#e\dq $T{ duT\ |sqT ssTT+#*.
` bsX\ nedsyTq edT\ \q $s\T b<jTT\ \d d]+#*.
` ed| | d+<s\ >T]+ (<: eT<sY&, #<Te\ |+&T> yTT<\>Tq$) y{ |qT
>T]+ $e]+#*. y] V+#*. |D[qT sb+~+#Ty*.
` bsX\ |]ds\qT, eT<V uH $T{ duT\# |]o*+|Cj*.
` rsH\ |d+ rsH\T, |> sd Vsq duT\# $~> d++ #sTT+#*.
` sue deyX mC+& sb+~+#Ty*.
deyX nq+s+ :
` rsH\ | eT+&\ $<~] deT]+#*.
` rsH |k$+q n+X\T neT\T ]> $T{ |sy+#*. n+<T |<Hb<jTT\T
u< eV+#*.
` s+s+> >sseTq |\\ *<+&T\qT *d bsX\ |+|+# X<eV+#*.
7.11 bsX \ jeq $T{ deyX+ #]+ neT\T #jT e\dq$

(Items to be discussed in the SMC Meeting and its Implementation)
`
`
`
`
>+T\ $j>+.
&jT{ |\\qT >T]+, sD\T |*+, eT& #s&+.
| neds\T>\ |\\qT >T]+, q @sT #jT&+.
| $<] n du\ s> ksTT Hs, < |]o*+ y{ k<q b<jTT\
#]+ >T #s \T rdTe&+. +<T |\\ |> uw,>D + , +>+ yTT<\>T y{ *< + &T\
eTT+<T |<]+#&+.
` {#s MT< $<s $<T\ us+ |&+& #&&+.
` eT+ |+& {#sT & e u~+# #&&+.
` |\\T & #s& s]+#&+, ks\T deTLsbe&+ e+{ |\\ V\
\+|Tq < sdsD dT\qT k n~sT\ <w rdTse&+.
142
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
`
`
eT<V uq+ HD> +&T #&&+, |\* n& \TdTe&+, |sy+#&+.

bsX\ jeq d+|T+ n+{ sV+#&+.
|\\ V\T, ks\ \+|Tq dT\ |s<T\ |]o\q.
| neds\T>\ u\\ #<Te|P] #d+<T nedseTjT d<Tbj\T deTLs&+.
|\\T & >ssT +& #&&+.
eT<V uq+, jTbs+, bs|d\T e+{ |uT+ *+# ks\T deT+> |+|D,
$j+|&T #&&+.
` bsX\ sV+# n dMT deyX\ bZ n_e~ dV]+#&+.
7.12 bsX \ jeq $T{\ |rsT ` neT\T ` d\T

(Functional aspects of SMCs - Implementation)
sY{`2009 #+ bsX\ jeq $T{\ $<T\T, u<\ >T]+ #]+#+ <. $

bsX\ d]>Z neT\eTHj <qq $wj y{ #d \TdTe# k] #<+.
` bsX \ n_e~ |D[ n+<TuT +&&+ , |D[ |s+ deTjT+ |qT\T |P]e&+.
` H\y deyX\ sVD d++~+.
` Vq |\ |+|D ]wsY/|.
` VsT |d + , $T{ |d + .
` $T{ ]sY #dq n+X\ neT\T
` <T\T deT+> $j+|& +&&+, ke F sV+#&+.
` wtT, so<T\T +&&+.
` =qT>\T #dq keT bsX\ n+<TuT +&&+.
` |\\T deT+> bsX\ VsT e&+.
` & jT |\\T be&+.
` n du\ |\\T s> s]+q nudq ksTT * +&&+.
` b<jTT\T y bsX\ se&+, |P] deTjT+ s> >~H >&|&+.
` de+ qT+& bsX\ <T\T, dVs+ n+~ +&&+, bsX\ edT\ \q |>.
` bsX\ eT[ edT\qT * +&&+.
` eT<V uq |<+ deT+> neT\T sT>T +&&+.
` jTbs+, bs|d\e+{$ $<sT\+<] n+<&+.
7.13 bsX \ jeq $T{ deyX\ sVD ` d\T

(Indicators of Implementation for Effective Conduct of SMC Meetings)
` bsX \ n_e~ |D[ n+<TuT +& |D[ |s+ |qT\T |P]e&+, n_e~ k~+#&+ .
143
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
Vq |eTT\ ]wsY / | +&*. *<+&T\ eTT{qT> so<T\T +&*.

$T{ |d+ ` VsT |d+.
s+q nC+& n+X\ ]wsY.
bsX\ jeq $T{ duT\ C_ bsX\ >& |<]+ +&*.
> deyX\ H{ eTTU+X\qT *| #sT\T bsX\ n+<TuT +#*.
bsX\ deTd\qT n~>$T+#& u< eV+# $T{ duT\ $es\T.
yd b++ 6`14 d+s\ |\\ $es\ |d+.
& jT{ |\\ $es\ |d+.
|\\ |qT\T ` |> |<sq\T.
de+ qT+& b+~q $s\T. edTe\T, s dVjT+ $es\T.
b<jTT\T y & se&+, s> >~ deTj >&|&+.

bsX\ jeq $T{\T # |s+ eT u<\qT >T]+ n+ #TsT> $<T\qT
s]d, s+s+ bsX\qT d+<]d, eT+ |+& deyX\ Vse, bsX\ yd$
d>T\| |]|PsyTq ne>Vq * q|& bsX\ n s+>\ n_e~ #+~ s \\qT
k~+# neXeTT+~.
bsX\ jeq $T{ yT+sY qsY nsTTq |<Hb<jTT\T eT]jTT bsX\
b<jTT\+<s bsX \ jeq $T{ duT \ s+s+ n+<TuT + eT+ | +&
deyX\T sVd bsX\ n_e~ bsX\ jeq $T{ #TsTq b bw+# #&*q
eX m+H +~.
bsX\ jeq d+|T+ deyX\T s#T>, $jTe++> sV+#&+ nH~
|<Hb<jTT\T, b<jTT\ #=se eT]jTT d| <s|& +T+~. mdt.m+.d. b<jTT\
$<T\, bsX\ se\ ++ n u$+#s<T. $<sT\T, y] *<+&T\T b bsX\\
eTqT>& weT >T]+ y] |\\ |> b<$T+> u< eV+#*.
de duT\ dVs+, bsX\ jeq d+|T+ u>keT+ <s bsX\\qT n s\T>
|+ #jTe#T.
III
144
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
8. bsX\ n_e~ |D[

8.1
eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

8.2
8.3
H|<+ (Context)
bsX\\T b+<T @sT #jT&sTT? *<+&T\T, |\\T, de+ bsX\
qT+& @$T dTHsT?
(Why Schools have been established. What are the expectations of
society, parents and children from school)
8.4
RTE - 2009 - &
n_e~ |D[
(RTE-2009 - School Development Plan )
8.5
bsX \ n_e~ |D[ ` +&*q n+X\T ` s|\ q ` neT\T

(SDP - Items to be included, Preparing plans and its Implementation )
8.6
SDP
neds+ @$T{? b+<T sb+~+#Ty*?
(Why SDP and Why to develop?)
8.7
SDP |dT

|]d eT]jTT < |u e+
(SDP - Existing situation and its Impact)
8.8
SDP
neT\T u< \T ` |< Hb<jTT&T, bdt.byT.d. #s H duT \T
(SDP - Implementation - Roles and Responsibilities - HM, Chairman

and Members of SMC)
8.9
SDP
- neT\T d\T
(SDP - Indicators of implementation )
8.10
SDP
n+X\T
(Items under SDP )
8.11
qeTH SDP ` bs{

(SDP Model Format)
8.12
145
eTT+|
(Conclusion)
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
>TsTw\ d++<+
$< u<q n{H \yT + ~ @~? >TsTw\ eT< n$uyTq dV dV
+<y T . nsTT j> b<jTT m|&T \_dT + ~? |\ |\y &> b<jTT&T
e]b>*qZ |&. b<jTT >T]+ m+{ nqTu |\\ +&*? dV b{ nH
ueH.
|\\ | yT<q+ me] k<+ <T? V<j+s\ <,
C\Tys*q |d q + |<] | f&] +bsTTq y]. >TsTw\ eT< y*+~
kVyTH? <T. +s+ nu< + . n~ +& >TsTe #~ <T . w&T rdT=HB
<T .
` sM+<H< s>sY
|\\ T bsX \ #]q|{ qT+& n& yesD+ yqTs>\T, X<
L&q d+sD q|& u < q< u$ksT . eTTK+> eT b<jTT\ q
d++<\ u < q< u$d $<sT\ T d#> , dT+>, w|+> d+~+#>\ sT.
y] $<ud+ s++> =qk>TT+~. n|& ysT bs $wj \H y] #T
sT>TTq y{ | L& dV yTq V\+, X< #| V+> y{ >T]+
HsT +{sT. d#> |ksT . d++> ksT . #]ksT VT<+ >qT, u+
eq+&qT +#>* > X keTs\qT |+#Te&yT $<. @ $<y T q s+<+ q|&
HsT e&+ nH~ k< +.
` &T we T]
b +< eTV>+B C d+ = sV b<$ T $< |< |b~+#sT.
n~ ud $< <eT+> |d~ #+~+~. bsX \ $<qT ke J$ dV+>,
d+>+ > #j \, n+<Td+ bsX \ seT+ =+ sTT XeTq, <
XeTq L& yT$+#\ jTq u$+#sT. n~ us< X $< #]H eTVs y T q
eT\T|, mH _{wt b\q <X+ d ]d eq |d +<, |<], w\ $<
eed MT< n<= sT>TuT. n<= CrjT <> eH+ ~.
eT[ \D \T $: (1) $< < s|+ |< q u>+ e&+, (2)
bsX \ ]\+ < s|+q, bsX \ #T +& u ke |]ds\
dV+> rdTbe&+, (3) bsX \L, k deC eT< rjT d++<
@ss#& + .
` y&e qMsu <T&T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
146
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
8. bsX\ n_e~ |D[

8.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1) bsX \ n_e~ n+f @$T{? (What is meant by school development?)

2) bsX\\ |dT |]d @$T{ $Xw+#+&?
(What is present situation of school functioning, situation analysis?)
3) bsX\ n_e~ @ @ ePV\T eT]jTT eqsT\T neds+?

(What strategy and resources are required for school development?)
4) bsX\ n_e~ |D[ n+f @$T{? ~ m+<T neds+?

(What is SDP and why is it required?)
5) bsX\ n_e~ |D[ m jsT #j*? mesT bZH*?

(How to develop SDP ? Who will participate?)
6) bsX\ n_e~ |D[ j, neT\T, |ue+, eT+q <X\T.

(SDP development - Implementation - Impact evaluation and steps?)
7) bsX\ n_e~ |D[ neT\T me] @ @ u<\T?

(What are the roles and responsibilities of the persons in the implementation of SDP?)
8) bsX\ n_e~ |D[ u> neT\T neTq~ n \& d\T

(Indicators of implementation)
8.2 H|<+ (Context)

bsX\ qT s+#Tq \\qT k~+#& nesyTq eqsT\qT >T]+, deTLsT=,
neT\T u< eV+# e\qT >T]+ \ee~, n+<] u>keT+ \\qT k~+#&+
nH$ eTT+<T>H + n+#H\ |> k~+#T sb+~+#TH |D[ bsX\ n_e~
|D[.
8.3 bsX\\T b+<T @sT #jT&sTT? *<+&T\T, |\\T, de+ bsX\ qT+&
@$T dTHsT?
(Why Schools have been established. What are the expectations of society, parents
and children from school)
de neds\ nqT>TD+> sC+> d] |\=s @sT #dq d+d bsX\. &

n+f u>[ |<X+, ueq+, edT keT <T. & n+f n_e~ d++~+q~. & =
|jT\T, se\T sV+#*. eqe d++<\T H\=H*. +q |*\T (outputs) sy*.
147
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
de+ d+ & @s&TT+~. deC nedsyTq e\T> |\\qT & r]~<*. { bsX\
|ue+ de+| |P]ksTT +T+~. & &T |\\+<s & #] #<TeH |<X+>
+& |\\ Xs, eqd $d+, u$wY bsT\T> r]~<&&+, de neds\ nqT>TD+>
|\\qT jsT #jT&+ & q u<> >T]+#*. = du\ |D k~+#&+ +& |\\
H|D\qT >T]+ yTsT>T|]# |jT & s>*. bs\T #~$+#&+, y{ |P]#jT&+, |\T
sV+, esT\T, >&T\T |{+#&+ e+{$ & u< q $u>+ eyT n >T]+#*. |\\
V\qT b&, |\\ H|D\qT >T]+, y] q u<Hudq |jT\T sV+, y]
ds eTTU_e~ k~+#&+ & qT+& dTq eTTKyTq n+X\T. b<jTT\T M{ nqT>TD+> &
se\qT sb+~+#T= neT\T #jTe\d +T+~. e $jTe++ y\+f | bsX\
n_e~ |D[ |d]> +&*. { & |D[ jsT#dT= < neT\T <s
+q \\qT k~+#e#T.
*< + &T\T bsX \ qT+& @$T dTH sT?
k<sD+> *<+&T\T bsX\ qT+& +~ n+X\qT ksT.
` eT |\\T q+<+> u> #<y\, HsTy\, eT+ eTw> b<>\ sT+{sT.
` eT |\\qT <+&+#L&< ksT.
` b<jTT\T sp & sy\, eT |\\ #>/ u> #<Te #b\ sT+{sT.
` |\\ #<ebT \T, b\T, H $\Te\T Hs\, |\\qT o\e+T\T> r]~<\,
` eT |\\ d\, H|D\ nqT>TD+> u<q s>\,
` eT+ #<Te\T, n\yT, JeqH|D\T n\esTy\, & e n+~+#\ sT+{sT.
|\\ T bsX \ qT+& @$T dTH sT?
` <+&q\T +&L&<T, bjT, u<, bVs yesD+ +&\,
` eT |> b<jTT&T bT|&\, nq> nseTjT u> #<Te #b\,
` \T &\, {y] e{&\, >&b\,
` eTqT >T]+#\, eTqT |{+#Ty\,
` & se d#qT, >sy, dV, eT n_bj\ $\Te e&
` q<q X* nud+#T q yesD sT+{sT.
de+ bsX \\ qT+& @$T dT+ ~?
` de+ q neds\T rs\
` |\\T dqo\TsT> sb+<\
` |\\T eqMjT $\Te\T \y> jsTy\, d#, deq+ * +&\, sT\qT
>s$+#\.
` eT| eTT \& be]| <s|&+& +&\
` u$wT nedsyTq eqsT\T>, bsT\T> |\\T r]~<&\ sT+T+~.
148
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
| bsX\ n n+X\qT <w +#T= <s (vision) |s+ = \\qT

s+#T= bsX\ n_e~ |D[qT sb+~+#Ty*. bsX\\T s]+#Tq \\qT <w
+#T= bsX\ n_e~ |D[qT sb+~+#Ty*. +<Td+ |dT |]d $XwD, k~+#*q
|>, n+<TuT eqsT\T, deTLsTy*q eqsT\T, \ee~, ePV\T.... yTT<\>T y{
<s+> #dT= |D[qT jsT #dTy*.
8.4
RTE-2009 - &
n_e~ |D[
(RTE-2009 - School Development Plan)
s+< $<V #+ ` 2009 dH 21 dudH (1) |s+ | & & jeq

d+| @sT#j *.
dudH (2) |s+ & jeq d+|T+ +~ $<T\qT s]dT+~.
b) & |rsTqT |s y+ #&+ .
_) & n_e~ |D[qT jsT#d, dbsdT #jT+.
d) d++~ |uT + < k |uT + < @ s eqsT\ qT+ nsTTH n+~q <T \ $j>
|s y+ #&+ .
&) dbsdT #dq s $<T\qT s]+#&+.
` & n_e~ |D[ >T]+ sY.{..`2009 dH 22 dudH (1) |& jeq
d+|T+ dbsdT #dq $<+> & n_e~ |D[qT jsT#j*.
` dudH (2) |s+ d+<s { |D[\ n+~+# >+ dudH (1) |s+
jsT#dq & n_e~ |D[ <seTeT+~.
8.5 bsX \ n_e~ |D[ ` +&*q n+X\T ` s|\ q ` neT\T

(SDP - Items to be included, Preparing plans and its Implementation )
bsX\ n+f sY.{..`2009 |s+ b<$T $<qT n+<Cd d++~ |uT+ < k
|uT+ < jeq+ < jT+D q d+d.
bsX \ u\\+<] $<k<q w# d +<+. u\\ keTs\, d \ , yK sT\T, H| D\e+{
y{ $d+ |C d d\ +. d#|P ] yesD+ eT uy\qT e ] +, { y], b<jTT\
#]d eT *dq n+X\qT |+#T+, *jT n+X\ >T]+ de<H\qT nHwd , |]X~d
u\\T nu d+#& M\T *+#~ bsX \. u\\ ds eTTU_e~ k~+, y] de neds\
nqT>TD+> e T bsT\T> r]~~, sC+>+ s +#Tq \\qT k~+#T @sT#dq deTC
nedsyTq ke d+d bsX\.
{ bsX \ | \\ k<q q<q <<+ <s |#j * +T+~. bsX \ qT
@sT #dT=q \\ k<q |dT+ @ d +~? |> b +~? |P]ksTT \\ k<q
b+{ w #j*? e+{ n+X\T bsX\ sb+~+#TH bsX\ n_e~ |D[| <s|&
+T+~.
149
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
{ bsX\ jeq $T{ | d+es+ bsX\ n_e~ |D[qT sb+~+#*.

+<Td+ eTT+<T> >eTduqT @sT#j*. du ~>Te *|q y] V+#*.
` bsX \ qy<sTTq |\\ *< + &T\T, k d+d\ |C|<T \T, eTV deK\T, bsX \
|]ds b++ q $<s+>+ |#dTq |eTTK d#+< dy d+d qsTT d+d
|~.
bsX \ n_e~ |D[ n+f
` bsX\ n_e~ =s sb+~+#~.
` bsX\ k~+#*q \\T, neds\T >T]+#~ eT]jTT eqsT\qT deTLsT=H~. \\qT
k~+#T=s |D[, neT\T.
` $<$wjT n+X\qT #]+#~` |dT |]dT\T ` b eTT+<T y*.
` s deTjT+ neT\T |] nqTq \\qT k~+#~.
` mesesT @jT u<\T sV+# d+#~. b+ deTjT+ k~+#~ *|~.
` *<+&T\qT, b<jTT\qT, deC u>keTT\qT #d, neT\T|], n_e~ k~+#~.
` s+q \\qT k~+#T m|{|&T |sy+#~, dMT+#~.
` |D[ M{ L& b+<T|s#e\d q~.
` nedsyTq bs|d\ d+K (s> y>)
` n s\ yesD\qT T>\ <&yTq ueq+
` >T{ ks +
` jTbs+
` |\ d keTs\sTTq #<e&+, sjT&+, \T yTT<\>T y{ n+<] |\\ k~+#&+.
` bw$\Te\Tq eT<V uq+
` d\ +
` d+ =s $$< nud jT\T
` | neds\ u\\ | ks\T
` |r s> n du\ |\\+<] keTs\ k<q
bsX\ n_e~ d++~+ m& me <w +# |D[ |_+_dT+~. bsX\
|\\ +<] dV|P]yT q , q+<<jTyT q yesD n+~+#T |D[ |eTTKb eVdT+ ~.
bsX \ n_e~ |D[ +&*q n+X\T ` <w |{*q n+X\T:
` |\\ qy<T, \&, VsT.
` bsX\ u edT\ \q, q edT\ |j>+.
` b<jTT\ jeT+
` eqsT\ dMTsD ` d~j>+
150
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` bs|D[qT +q yTs \+> neT\T#jT&+.

` >TD $<qT n+~+#&+ bsX\ $<sT\T eT s> ksTT s+#&q keTs\T
k~+#>\>&+.
` u\\ V\T b&&+.
` u\\+<] deq neX\T *+#&&+.
` *<+&T\T, de u>keT+ |+#&+.
` $<sT\ |> *<+&T\ *jTCjT&+, |<]+#&+.
` w& |s=q |eD\ yTs n<q| u ks\T, |]s\T.
` bsX\ b]X<+, bsX\ u<, s>+ eT]jTT |]Xu.
` u\\ y =*<XH >T]+#& |<w k]+#&+.
` b<jT d+d< eT]jTT eH|D\T |+|<\.
` HDyTq $<u<qd+ |dT+ neT\T#dTq u<HePV\T, du due+, |\\ duy
nqT>TD+> u<H ePV\ se\dq esT\T.
` n<q| n+X\ d++~+ ] neds\T, d+es+ y> |D[ b+<T|s#*.
` eqsT\qT >T]+#&+, d~j>+ #dTe&+.
` bsX\ se\, |> bdt.byT.d. de u>keT+.
` | D +<\ nedseTsTTq <T\T, bs|d\T, jTbs\T eT]jTT bsX\
u<\ sVD e\dq n<q| ] neds\T e+{ y{ d+es+ y> |D[
b+<T|s# *.
<s+> sb+~+q bsX\ n_e~ |D[| bsX\ jeq $T{ #sY|sH, qsY
d++ #d ] d+es+ eTTd| sw |uT+ < k |uT deT]+#*.
bsX \ n_e~ |D[ s|\ q, neT\T:
bsX\ jTT |dT |]d, b<q\ y> neds\T, n& \_+# eqsT\ e+{ nH
n+X\ <s+> b+ $< |]d | yd+ |\, *< + &T\ |P] ne>Vq +T+~.
eq bsX\ n_e~ =s #d |D[ *<+&T\qT, k\ u>keTT\T> #d y] bsX\
| jeq ueq *+q|& s]+q \\qT #sT>\+.
+<T=s s+< $<V #+`2009 (sY{`2009) bsX\ jeq $T{\
bsX \ n_e~ |D[ j eT]jTT neT\T deTT kq+ *++~. bsX \ |< Hb<jTT\
< s+ k |C|<T \T, *< + &T\ @s&q bsX \ jeq $T{ duT \T, $<_eqT\T
*d bsX\ d++~+q n+X\ y> * |D[ d{yT+{qT sb+~+#Ty*.
` |D[ sb+~+#&+ m?
` |D[ j eTT+<T,
` |D[ j deTjT+,
151
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` |D[ j nq+s+ #jT e\dq n+X\qT >T]+#*. n+<TqT>TD+> u< \T |+#T=

|D[qT sb+~+#Ty*.
& n_e~ |D[qT *<+&T\T, b<jTT\T, de+, bsX\ jeq d+|T duT\
u>keT+ n+<sT *d eT&> |sds+ #]+ d$Tw> jsT#j*. & n_e~ |D[
u>keT+ e&+ eT+ neX+> u$+#*. eT e+T dVs n+~+#*.
|D[ j eTT+<T: bsX\ n_e~ |D[qT sb+~+#*q |<q u< yT+sY qsY>
bsX\ |<Hb<jTT\|H +T+~.
` b<jTT\ dVs+ yd b++ & &T |\\ qy<T, VsT, ksTT, &jT{
|\\ $es\e+{ n+X\T, b<q\ y> bsX\ neds\T, $<$wjT |dT |]d,
m<Ts=H s deTd\ >T]+q de#s n+<TuT +#Ty*.
` deyX B, deTjT+, #s j+X\qT jeq$T{ #s H, yd #t s H>] y<+ yT+sY
qsq |< Hb<jTT\T ss TT+ $T{ duT \, *< + &T\+<] *|P s+> de#s
eTT+<T>H *jTCj *.
` n+>Hy& ss, ysT duT\T/ \sY, eTV deK n<s\T, eTV s> ss
|d]> Vs>TqT #&*.
` duT\ de#s+ n+~+q $es\T u<|s#*.
` deyX sVD nedsy T q keT, @sqT (LsTH+<T @sT, >TsT, $Tq{ ]ws ,Y
mC+& n+X\T, duT\ VsT ]wsY yTT<\>Tq$) deTj eTT+< deTLsTy*.
deyX deTjT+...
` bsX\ jeq $T{ #sH n<q deyX |<Hb<jTT\T sV+#*.
` bsq nq+s+ bsX\ |> y~qT |<Hb<jTT\T deT]+, s+q bbs
n+X\T d++~+ |dT |]d, @$T k~+#*? eqsT\ \u, neT\T |s#e\dq ePV\
>T]+ #]+#*.
` bsX\ d++~+q | n+X+ \T, \Vq\T, neX\T, nes<\qT L\+w+>
#]+#*.
` bsX\ n_e~ |D[ b<q\ y> #|f n+X\T k~+#T neT\T #j*q
ePV\qT #]+ duT\+<s #]+ sjT+ rdTy*.
` y<+ b+~q n n+X\ ne\+_+#*q | ePV\T, eqsT\ dMTsD, u<\
|+|D, |P] #j *q deTjT+, dV s+ n+~+# y] $es\T, u< eV+#ysT b+\+
|P]#ksH $wj\qT bbs b+<T|s#*.
` bsX \ n_e~ |D[ j =s sV+q deyX+ bs+u+ qT+& #]+q n+X\+{
$Tq{ ]ws Y ]sT# j
*. <q +s+ duT \+<sT y~+qT> n+<]# d+\T rdTy*.
` bsX \ n_e~ |D[ deyX $#dq *< + &T\, dV ]+ u< \T |+#T=q y]
152
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
<qy<\T *jTCd | ed+ es |D[ neT\T rsTqT \TdTe& |d]>

VsTy\ duT\qT sT <T|] deyX ~ *jTCkeT \T| deyX
|<Hb<jTT\T eTT+#*.
deyXq+s+ :
` bsX \ n_e~ |D[ duT \+<s y~+q n+X\ ne\+_+#*q ePV\T, u< \T,
|P]#j*q deTjT+, dVs+ rdTy*q y] $es\ d{yT+{qT jsT#d
s\jT+ |<]+#*.
` bsX\ n_e~ |D[ | | n~sT\ n+<Cj*.
` n+X\ y> u< \T n|+qy], y] dV ]+#*q y] deTqjT+ #d m|{| &T
|sy+#*. bsX\ n_e~ n+<s u< eV+#*.
` bsX\ n_e~ |D[qT $< d+es+ bs+u+ jsT#dT= p 1 qT+& neT\T
|sT d H\= |sjT+ dMT+ #T= qe+sT |> #]+#T= |D[ n+X\T neT\T
]>, \ k<q ]> #&*. neT\T| |<Hb<jTT&T |P] u<\T rdT=
neT\T#j *.
8.6
SDP
neds+ @$T{? b+<T sb+~+#Ty*?
(Why SDP and Why to develop)
|D[ +& @ | #jT+! y #dH <e\ d*\T k~+#&+ w+. |D[e\

\\ ~X e# nes<\qT eTT+<T>H >T]+, eTT+<T#| n~>$T+#e#T. bsX\ \+
e+< X+ qy<T, VsT, |\\+<] s>ksTT k<q nsTT n+<T nedsyTq eqsT\T, e\T,
<T \ e+{ y{ deTLsT=qT |D[ | d]. @<H n+X+ dss TTq ksTT b n+<T
sD\T >T]+ dssTTq #s\T #|& M\eT+~. |\\+<] q keTs\T b q+
eT+~ {#s T , bs |d \T, VsT, b<jT d+d< , u<H u dq keT, nqTd]dTq u<H ePV\T,
dMT\ T e+{ y{ |]o*+ keTs\ k<q w#j
T T eT]jTT u\\ ds eTTU_e~ k<q
bsX \ n_e~ |D[ &&TT+~. { | bsX \ n_e~ |D[qT sb+~+#T=, |D[
n+X\ k<q nqTd]+#*q ePV\T #]+#T= neT\T #j* +T+~.
bsX \ n_e~ |D[ j <w +#Te\dq n+X\T:
| $< d+es+ | n+X+ (eqsT\T, HD, VsT....) |dT d >T]+
$<d+es+ n n+X\ k~+#*q \\qT $Xw+#T= s]+#Ty*. >+ @+
k~+#>* >+? |dT + @+ k~+#*? T~ \ k<q \ee<T \ @yT$T \\T s +#Ty
|D[ b+<T|sTy*. besT @$T #j\ L& s+#Ty*.
|dT |]d $XwD: VsT, u<q HD, u<q $<H\T, |\\ |>, & q eqsT\
$j>+, \T, b\T yTT<\>T n+X\ $<sT\T b HsT? +q ksTT Hs? <?
b+ yqT&sT ? sD\T @$T{? n eTq+ @yTs bsX \\ \\T k~+#s? n $Xw + #Ty*.
153
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
bsX \ n_e~ |D[ j deTjT+ u\T, \Vq\T, neX\T, nes<\qT #]+#*.

@ n+X+ dss TTq |> < <| eT]+ <wk ]+#*. bsX \ |D[ b+ |]d T \qT{
@<H $q seT+ neT\T#d < |>, #j*q esT\| #]+#*. y] |D[ #]q
n+X\| b|{|&T dMT+#Ty*, |> k<q nedsyTq esT\T #dTy*.
bsX \ jeq d+|T + | duT &T HjT \D \T |<] + |\ HDyTq $<qT k~+#T,
eqsT\qT deTse ++> $j+#T, djT eT+q+ e+{ \+X\| <w |{ bsX \ n_e~
|D[ s|\q u>keTT\T y*.
|D[\T k+> b+<T sb+~+#Ty*?
+<ksTT |D[\T k deTd\qT, neds\qT >T]+#e . k eqsT\ >T]+q ne>Vq
+&<T. be] b+{ u<\T n|+# y] $es\T *jTe. qT q dVs+ n+<<T.
k\ |D[ eT s +#&q~ nH ueq +&<T , <s |D[ nqTq+ $jTe++
be#T. bsX\ q $<+> n_e~ s>&+, neds\T rs&+ e+{$ s>be#T. k
neds\T, deTd\T rs\H, |D[\ \+ Hsys\H k\ u>keT+ |d]. Be\ eT~
nH ueq * u<\qT s]+#& V+> eTT+<T eksT. k u>keT+, eqsT\
$j>+ deT+> ] |D[ $jTe++ e& <V<|&TT+~.
ksTT (bsX\ yd ksTT) *<+&T\T/ |\ u>keT+ sb+~+q |D[ e\
bsX\ k~+#*q \\ k<q nedsyTq yd$ neds\T, <qT>TD+> eqsT\ dMTsD,
u<\ |+|D e+{ $wj\ dw edT+~. s deTjT+ \\qT k~+#e#T. bsX\
eTq~ nH ueq |+b+<TT+~. eq bsX\ n_e~ |D[ |<H<X+ bsX\ |]~
u\\+<sT mTe+{ $e >T]+& bsX \ #], mTe+{ ++ +& HDyTq m*yT+
$<qT |P] #jTT nedsyTq n n+X\qT >T]+ neT\T #jT&+.
8.7
SDP |dT
|]d
eT]jTT < |u e+
(SDP - Existing situation and its Impact)
|\\ *< + &T\T bsX \ n_e~ |D[ j bZq&+, y] u< \qT s]+#&+ q
u>keTT\sTTq|&T bsX\ ns+>\ n_e~ #+<TT+~. |dT+ |D[ j, neT\T
m +< |]o*<+.
` & |rsTqT besT |]o*+#&+<T.
` $<\\qT & @yTs k~++~? k~+#& @ @ >TD se\T & neT\T#dT + ~
n bes #&&+ <T.
` >TD u<q, |\\qT +|Cd \T yTT<\>T y{d+ b<jTT\T @$<+>
jseTHsT? b+{ {+> H{ jsT#dT+THsT? nH y{| |<Hb<jTT\T,
s |sy n~sT\T X< |&+ <T.
154
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` bsX\\T eT+ |D[qT sb+~+#Te&+ <T.

` e\+ |<Hb<jTT\T, <sT eTT>TZsT b<jTT\T *d bsX\ Ls= neds\qT
>T]+ |D[ jsT#dTHsT.
` >eTdu #]+#&+ <T. e\+ =+<sT jsT #dq n+X\qT s]d d+\ dsD
eyT me> sT>TTq~.
` k eqsT\qT |j+#Te&+| d #|+# |uT+ qT+& <T\T @ yTs, m
s{ d |D[ sb+~dTHsT.
` |D[ >T]+q de#s+ *<+&T\T, |\ n+<+&H |D[ j |PseT+~.
` d\dt |P]#jT&yT |< \+> |T= be bsX\\T |#dTHsTT.
` HDyTq $<qT n+~+#&+ =s #|f #s\ >T]+ |D[ b+<T|s#&+ <T. *
|jH\ b<q *+#&+ sT>TTq~.
< |u e+:
` k~+#*q \\| deT> ne>Vq b e&+ e\ y{ k~+#\H |jT + s>& + <T .
` |\+<s u>keTT\T b e&+ e\ eT~ nH k+ ueq y] \>&+ <T .
` bsX\, $<sT\ e\dq neds\qT b<q\ y> |D[ b+<T|s#&+ <T,
<s n$ rs&+ <T.
` bsX\ n_e~ u< eV+#&+ de+ X< #|&+ <T.
` k eqsT\ dMTsD ` $j>+ s>&+ <T.
` |\\ qy<T, VsT, \T|<\, HD e+{y{| |D[ |ue+ q&&+ <T.
` keTs\ yTs >TD $< k<q s>&+ <T.
8.8
SDP
neT\T u< \T ` |< Hb<jTT&T, bdt.byT.d. #s H duT \T
(SDP - Implementation - Roles and Responsibilities - HM, Chairman and Members

of SMC)
bsX \ n s+>\ n_e~ #+<&, \ k~+#& eTT+<T> j sT#dT q y]

bsX\ n_e~ |D[qT neT\T |s#&+ |<Hb<jTT\T, bsX\ jeq $T{ #sH,
duT\T eT]jTT b<jTT\T eTTKb eV+#*.
` deyX+ #]+q n+X\ neT\T rsTqT b|{| &T dMT+ #Ty*. nqT=q ksTT \\
k<q b n+<T sD\T >T]+ n$ |PsjTT >T #s\T rdTy*. n|{|&T
|dT d , k~+q |> , k~+#e\dq \, dMT+ #Ty*. |> , eqsT\ e+{ n+X\qT
<w +#T= Bs \, d\\ \\qT $$< \ee<T \ s]+#Ty*. y{ k~+#T
w#j
*.
155
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
|< Hb<jTT\ (yT+sY qsY) $<T \Tù< \T:

` sb+~+q bsX\ n_e~ |D[qT bsX\ n+<TuT +#*.
` |D[ |s+ neT\T |s#e\dq n+X\qT m|{|&T |syd neT\T |]# #s\T
rdTy*.
` |D[ b+<T|]q neds\T, s +#Tq \\ d++~+ ]q n_e~ m|{| &T
|]o*+#*.
` >T]+q neds\T, s+#Tq \\T |PssTTq |<| $es\T duT\+<] *jTCj*.
` b<q eT+ d+#T=q n+X\ @yH yqT& qsTT eTs= |sjT+ deyX+
@sT #dT=, #]+ nedsyTq |]cs esZ\qT sb+~+#Ty*.
` k~+q n_e~ H\H bsX\ jeq $T{ *<+&T\ deyX+ \b*.
` eqsT\ $j>+ deT+> ]> #&*.
` deyX n+X\qT, dMT n+X\qT, bsX\ n_e~ |D[ s+#Tq \\ k~+q
n+X\qT | ksTT n~sT\ m|{|&T de#s+ n+~+#*.
bsX \ jeq $T{ #s H $<T \Tù< \T:
&n_e~ |D[ s|\q d++~+ #sY|sH +~ y{ sV+#* +T+~.
` |uT+ qT+& n+< <T\T deT+> $j>+ njT #&&+, & n_e~ |D[
ss TT+#T=q |s+ KsT#jT &+.
` & &T |\\+<s & 100% qy<T njT #s\T rdTe&+, deT+> VsjT
#&&+ .
` |\\ nudH keTs\qT >eT+#&+, \\qT s+ s> y keTs\T k~+#
dMT #]+#&+.
` |D[ d+#T=q bsX\ eT[ d<Tbj\ \q w#jT&+.
` eT<V uq+ HDyTq Vs+ n+< #&&+.
` $<sT\ n+~+# ks\T bs|d\T, jTbs+ e+{$ d\+ deT+> n+<
#&&+ .
` bsX\ y] <jT+ ` KsT\T \T jsT #dTe&+.
` u\\ V\ |]sD |D[ jsT #dT= neT\T |eTTK b eV+#&+.
` duT\T, *<+&T\T deyX\ VsjTT #&&+.
bsX\ jeq $T{ duT\T $<T\T ` u<\T:
bsX\ jeq $T{ sb+~+q |D[qT eT<+> neT\T #jT&+ e\ bsX\qT
eT]+ deTse ++> sV+#+<T neX+ @s&TT+~. n_e~ |D[qT sb+~+ neT\T |s# & +
nH eTTKyTq XjT+ Hsys\+f duT\T u>keTT\y*. $T{ duT\T +~ u<\T, $<T\T
s]+#* +T+~.
156
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
`
`
`
`
`
`
`
duT\T bsX\ neds\T >T]+ y{ *+#T w#j*.

{#s deTd\T \TdT= deTd\ ysD |jT+#*.
&eq |\\qT bsX\ #]+#& w #j*.
duT\ eT+ be&+ e\q bsX\ n_e~ ++ @s&TT+< >T]+#*.
$< b<q | ne>Vq |+b+~+#Ty*.
duT\ VsT, eTD nedsyTq TuT * +&*.
sj\T, \+, eT+, b++ e+{ $u<\T #|+&, >|\T> @s&+&, bsX\
n_e~ bT|&*.
` #<Tee&+ |\\ V ` #~$+#&+ |<\ u<> |D[qT neT\T |s#&+ eT |P]
dVs+, u>keT+ n+~+#*.
8.9
SDP
- neT\T d\T
(SDP - Indicators of implementation )
bsX\ n_e~ |D[ neT\T sT>TTq rsTqT \TdT=qT +~ d\T |]ksTT.

` bsX \ n_e~ |D[ >T]+ bsX \ b<jTT\+<], mdt.m+.d duT \ |P] ne>Vq
+T+~. $< d+es+ @ @ se\T sV+#~? @+ k~+#\qT+THs
dw+ > #| >\>*.
` sb+~+q bsX\ n_e~ |D[ bsX\ n+<TuT +T+~.
` dMT deyX\ VsT ]wsT.
` dMT deyX\ rsH\ ]wsT.
` eqsT\ dMTsD eT]jTT $j>+ ]sY
` u<\T n|+q y] $es\T.
` $$< n+X\ |> <sH\ ]sY ` (]eP <s+>)
` bsX\ $T{ duT\T, *<+&T\ $$< n+X\ de#s+ n+~+q $es\T.
s+#Tq \\qT k~+#& ny<j>yTq |D[ sb+~+#T=, |D[ |s+
u< \T |+#T= n+<] dV s+ rdT= se\T sV+#&+ <s q |* \qT k~+#e#T.
8.10
SDP
n+X\T
(Items under SDP)
b) $<sT\ $es\T:
1. qy<T
2. VsT
3. \&
157
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
_) >TD n+X\T:
4. >TD $< u<q , u<H u dq |jT \T
n) \T>T
) V+B
) +>+
) >D+
) |]ds\ $Cq+/ dH
}) k+|T
5. dV bs $wj \ se\ sVD
n) \T eT]jTT k+d $<
) s>+, yjeT$<, j>, yT&fwH
) |, +|PsY$<
) $\Te\ $<, Jeq H|D\T
6. b<jTT\ d+d< , |D[\T, b<jT &
7. eqsT\ d~j>+
n) >+<\jT |d\T
) ]|sH |d\T
) u<Hudq keT
) f*$H
) s&j
}) dVu\ sT\T
b) dH keT
@) #sT\T, |{\T, qeTH\T
8. $<sT\ d ksTT\T
| s>, | du d nudq ksTT\T
(#<e&+, sjT&+, \T #jT&+)
9. n du \ s> s]+q keTs\T ` $<|eD\ <s+> +# |* \T
10. s+s deT> eT+q+ neT\T
(d.d.., ]wsT, eTT{y ]sT\T)
d) eqsT\T eT]jTT eT* edT\T ` \q eT]jTT y{ $j>+
11. bsX \ u edT \T
n) bsX\ ueq+, s> ><T\T
) $<TY
) >TsT
158
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
) eTsT>T<=&T
) |V]>&
}) |]#sY
b) |#<q+ ` |]Xu
@) \ keT
12. |\\ ks\T
n) bs |d \T
) jTbs+
) eT<V uq+
) k\sYw| \T
) \ keT
13. >+T\ $j>+

n) bdt.bdt.b.
) sY.byT.bdt.b.
) seTT\T
&) bsX\ se\T

14. sV+#e\dq n+X\T
n) bdt.byT.d. deyX+ , |\\ |> |<s q
) bsX\ y]e+
) |\\ |ub{\T
) n+s ]\yT se\T
) s b{\T
8.11 qeTH SDP ` bs{ (SDP Model Format)

. n+X+ |dT n+X+ \+ ePV\T eT]jTT
y> d $XwD
d+
eqsT\T
u<
eV+#ysT
eT+q+
\ee~ (k~+q~ /
~)
` yTT<{ s+&T eT&T sY\ | n+X\ neT\TrsT eT]jTT k~+q |>| |<Hb<jT\T,
b<jTT\T eT]jTT bdt.byT.d. \T *d n+X+ y> |> sj*. eq deTd\qT L&
sj*.

bsX \ <s +# \\ k<q ne>Vq | |< Hb<jTT&T eT]jTT b<jTT\T
se\qT bH #dT= y{ deTse++> *d sV+#Ty*. bsX\ # |<X+. |\\
}V\ q s|+ y] \\qT ks+ #d+<T @sT #dTq d+d. & n_e~
m\y +#*.
159
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
9. |syD eT]jTT dMT\T

(Monitoring and Reviews)
9.1
eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

9.2
9.3
H|<+ (Context)
e]+> ` |dT |]d
(Monitoring - Existing Situation)
9.4
RTE-2005 - e]+>
(RTE-2005 on Monitoring)
9.5
bsX \\T, s $< d+d\ T eT]jTT d++~ e\ |rsT| e]+> `$<H\T

(Monitoring the functional aspects of schools, educational institutes,
offices, and related persons - procedures )
9.6
e]+> ` $<T \T ` u< \T

(Monitoring - Roles and Responsibilities)
9.7
e]+> #j *q s+>\T/ n+X\T ` e]+> #j *q n+X\T.

MEO, Dy.E.O., DIET/CTE/DEO. (Areas and Items of Monitoring pertaiing
to MEO, Dy.E.O., DIET/CTE/DEO)
9.8
e]+> d+<s + > |]o*+#*q ]ws Y , ]sT\ T ` bsX \, d +| ,

MRC, DIET etc.
(Registers and Records to be observed doing monitoring School, School
Complex, MRC, DIET etc.)
9.9
d+d\ eT]jTT e\ |rsT| dMT\ T ` sVD

(Review of performance of institutions and individuals)
9.10
e]+> eT]jTT dMT\ sVD `neT\T d\T, <s\T

(Monitoring and reviews - Indicators of implementation and evidence)
9.11
eTT+|
(Conclusion)
160
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
eqy[ H&T eTTqT|q& msT> d+u| +#T\y| |jT k+~. <T $CqXd+
eTq nHH deTd* |]w]+q e ydeyT. eTq+ $+> |\ +]
y> $T>T\TTH+. n_e~ eqyL eT< deTT\ sT yq \+ eTqeTTH+.
|&T eTq nd+d+ y*+~ eTVs H, < $|e+.
` ds |* s<wH
eTq+ m+ |ue+T\yTH e#T. n+ eTq |uH, XeTH
*jT#|e#TqqT+f n~ e{ ueT! |\* u>keTT* #jT&+H eTq $jTeT+
<s|& +~. u<H|sD\T jsT#jT&+, V$<MT <T. eTqdT |& |
sT | #jT>\sT. q H |\T sb\T> eT\T#Te#T, |\T $wj\T
B u~+#e#T. y*+< b<jTT& dH +&&y T . n~ b<jTT&T
|\\ dHqT y*jTq&T y] dVu>T* #jTq&T.
` @\e
|\\ ||+ #+
q |\H y ||+#+ m+ q~. y q+<+, d, + L& m+
q~. m+ q<H+ ||+#+ y n+ n<TyT+~, d+|PsyT+~. eTq+ |<\+
*d *jT yH||+#+ qT+& <s+ #dT+{+. y #T\q> #dT+{+.
eTq + |< ||+#+ u$wT y + q ||+#+MT< <s|& +< eTq+
eT]bT+{+. y ||+#+ n&T>T|{ y *d be&+, y nqTu
b+<&+ m+ q+<eTT+< n+ |seseTT+< |<\T> eTq+ >TsT+#T+f m+
u>T+T+~!
` sM+<H< s>sY
=+<sT $<] <s y< |< T $<e+TD #j \ |jT d eTs==+<sT yC
|< T $<e+T #j \ |jT +#sT. s +&T |< T \ H|< + eT< ]
d+d\ T $<H= o\$<>, H seT+> =qk+#\ eTs=y| |jT +#sTT.
eT&e~, n_e~ |< q \ + eTw +\ |]|Ps k|\ eT qeT&+. n e +
d+|q+ e&+. n&= e> , T+ duT >, ke&>, bsT>, ed <sT&>,
= k+ k<H * qT>=Hy&>, dH k|&> n& n s\ u< \,
+\ y{ deTd d+w q e s D H#Te&+.
e e] $Xd+: e\+ J$\| deT> n< jTq+ eyT |Pse qe&
sb+~+#>\ T>TT+<. $$< s\ |]$TT\T, +\ T eTw H_q+ #dT q =B
nTe+{ |Ps eqe& neds+ HH{ |sT>Tek+<. H&T CqeTH~ J$
d]|& k] L& |T H keT <T. n~ J$\+ b&T>T sb+~+#T+
se\dq, eTq eTq+ ]+#Te\dq *$&. J$+#&y T {H HsT e&+, <H yT+
]+> T _ n+TH+.
` y&e qMsu <T &T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
161
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
9. e]+>
(Monitoring)
9.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1) bsX\, e]+> eT]jTT $<XK d++<yTq e]+> n+f @$T{?

(What is school monitoring ? What is educational monitoring?)
2)
3)
4)
5)
e]+> m+<T #j * ` <X +. (What is the purpose of monitoring?)

y{ e]+> #j*` m? (What to monitor and how?)
HD e]+> n+f @$T{? (What is quality monitoring?)
u>T> e]+> #j\+f e]+> n~sT\ m+{ $wjT |D +&*? <
ysT m jsT y*?
(What preparation and expertise is required on the part of monitoring staff ?)
6) $< HD |+#&+ e]+> m |j>|&TT+~?

(Role of monitoring in improving quality of education ?)
7) b<jTT\ bsX\ <] dVjT dVs\T n+~e&+ n+f @$T{?

(What is on job support ? )
8) mesT me] e]+> #ksT, m|&|&T? @$T e]+> #ksT?

(Who will monitor, what and whom and how frequently ?)
9) dMT n+f m$T{? m+<T, m|&T #j*? #<Te HD |+#&+ e]+> m

|j >|& T T+~?
(What is review ? Why it is required and its role in improving the quality of education?)
10) |ue e+yTq e]+> eT]jTT dMT d\T @$T{?

(What are the indicators of effective monitoring and review ?)
11) e]+>, dMT\ ]bsT\T me] |+b*? me] neds+? $ m |j+#T+{sT?

(What is the feedback and reporting machinism and to whom to present and how these reports
can be utilised?)
9.2 H|<+ (Context)

14 d+es\T ejTdT>\ u\u*\+<] s+<$ <qT n+~+#& s+<$ <
V #+ ` 2009 neT\T e+~. #+ u\u*\+<s #<T ee& M\T> q ks\T,
>TD, HD L&q #<Te n+~+#& jTe\T, +<q\T sb+~++~.
#+ |&+B> neT\T e& |{wyTq e]+> eed { +&*. < q
$~$<H\T s +#Ty*. n<jT+ eTq+ |dT e]+> $<q+ @ $<+ > +~? #+
162
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
$$< dqT, dudqT e]+> eXqT |+>, |s+> m |k$+#sTT? #+ neT\T

e{]+> @$<+ > +&*? mesesT @@ u< \T #|{ *? eT+ $$< XK\ u< \T @$T{?
e+{ |\T n+X\>T]+ \TdT+<+.
9.3 e]+> ` |dT |]d

(Monitoring - Existing situation)
` ks m*yT+ $< k<q d+ sw $<XK nH se\T neT\T|sTdTq $wjT+

MT *d+<. se\ neT\T rsTqT |s y+ #& e]+> $<H L& sb+~+#sT.
nH sD\ e\ e]+> nH~ +q $<+> s>&+<T. |dT e]+> m
+< \TdT+f , s+< $< V #+ neT\TqT +q $<+ > e]+> #jT &
q |D[ eTq+ sb+~+#Te#T. e{]+> m<TsjT nes<\T n~>$T+#e#T.
|dT e]+> |]d +~ $<+> +~.
` $$< $< d+d\ neT\eT q $<|s se\ =s +q yTs e]+> s>& + <T .
<X`~X sX+ #dysT sT. bsX\\T, b<jTT\ ds \_+#&+<T.
` d++~ XK s |qT\ &e\ e]+> #j*q e\T bsX\\ d+<sq,
d+<sq deTj {sTT+#bTHsT. be sE\T, deTjT+ s\j\
|]$TeTeTHsT.
` |\\ #<Te HD, HDyTq u<q, |\\ nudq ksTT\T yTsT>T|s#&+ $$< ksTT\
q $<XK n~sT\ |<eT se+. ysT 80`90 X+ deTjT+ |]b\H d++~
sb\ {sTTdTH sT. eq eT+> u<H HD, b<jTT\ j , |\\ nu dq
ksTT\T sE sE |&bTHsTT.
` e]+> #j *q eT+&\ $<~sT\ bdT\ T, &{ , d.{..\ ssY bdT\ T n~ d+K
Bs\+> U> +&&+ e\ e]+> s>&+ <T.
` = d+<s\ e]+> d+ jT$TTq y] e]+>| ne>Vq be&+,
e]+> d+<s+ #j*+<$T{ *jTbe&+bT $< eed #T#dTq =
b&\T, HDyTq u<H |<T\| ne>Vq be&+.
` = sD\e\ $< se\T eT d++~+q$ e de+ u$+#&+. |*+>
bsX\ e]+> |jT de+ #TsTq b bw+#&+ <T.
` m& e]+> sT>TT+< n& q sD nqTdsDjT #s\T #|&+ <T.
` e]+> | ds q yK ] b e&+ e\ e]+> beTTK, |u e+ >T]+ d]> ne>Vq
@ss#T b THsT.
` e]+> e\ |rsTqT dMT+# deyX\T sV+#be&+, $ |P]#jTbe&+.
` dV#s <>T\ q d++<\T |u$eTejTH ujT+ +q rsT e]+>
#jT b e&+. bsX \ ksTT, | ksTT q #s \T rdTbe&+, u< eV+#b e&+.
163
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` e]+> |\T $XwD+>, $esD+> +&be&+.

` nH s\ |<\T, se\T neT\eTq+<Te\ e]+> |\T sb\, $$< <X\
+&&+ < beTTK >Z&+, <esT u<T \Te&+ >+<s>+ &+.
|q |s=q n+X\T e]+> y|\ >T]+ |dT+> #TTHsTT. s+< $<
V #+ neT\T rsT m|{| &T dMT+ neT\T m<TseT q nes<\qT >T]+ y{ n~>$ T+#&
q |D[qT sb+~+#T neT\T |s#* +~. +<Td+ eTT+<T> nd\T e]+> >T]+
s+<$< u\\ V#+ |+>, |s+> @+ #TTq< \TdT+<+.
RTE-2005 - e]+>
(RTE-2005 on Monitoring)
9.4
s+< $< u\\ V #+`2009 +<q\ n<jT+`1 dH(2) k

|uT+ n+f q>s b\ d+d < q>s b\ d+|T+ < |]wY < q>s |+#sTTr <
|+#jTr. @ |sT |\e&q|{ & MT< |]b\Hd++< jT+D *Zq d+d ddT+~ <
neT\T q # |s+ @<H >eT, |D
, q>s+ k |uT +> |#jT & n~s+ b+~q
d+d ddT+ ~.
eq >eT ksTT >eT |+#jTr eT+&\ksTT eT+&\ |]wY, ksTT |]wY,
q>sksTT q>sb\ d+d eT Bq+ b++ < yd b++ q u\\+<]
s+< b<$T $<qT n+~+#& #+ (dH. 9`m) |s+ #<Te& (dH6) |s=q
$<+> |]dsb++ & n+<TuT +& u< eV+#*. #+ dH 6 & k|+#
$wjTyT d++~ k |uT u<qT +~ $<+> #|+~.
#+ n+X\qT neT\T #jT{ dbsdT #dq |]ds b+ |]~ & b
#+ neT\T eq eT&T d+es\| d++~ |uT+ < k |uT+ & k|dT+~
eq k |uT + q |]ds b++ &&T |\\ +<] & n+<TuT + 100% qy<T
u< eV+#T #+ = d#q\T #d+~.
` | k |uT + #+ db sdT #dq $<+ > q |]~ eddT q |<\T>T @ | u\\\+<]
$es\ #+~q ]sT\qT sV+#*.
` | u\T&T < u* & |yX+ b+~, bsX\ Vse b<$T $<qT |P]#d
|syD u< eV+#*.
` u\Vq esZ\, |L\ |]dT\qT m<Ts=+Tq +<\ #+~q |\\T @ $<yTq $e
>T]+& & #] b<$T $<qT |P] #jT+ +\T +& #&*.
` e\d T+u\ |\\ L& & |yX+ b+< #&&+.
` & |yX m+| $<q+, |fwH |E/ sTdT+ +&+& #&&+.
` ejTdT ssD sD+ u\T&T/ u* & |yX sd]+#s<T.
` u\ & #s& >&Te |+& ysT m|&T |yX+ ] n|&T #sTe&+.
164
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` eT _& < d+sD q u\T&T/ u*qT |]ds b++ bsX\ #]+ b<$T
$<qT n+~+#&+ | *<+& < d+s u<.
eq |q d+q #+ +<q\ |\\+<sT bsX\ #] #<Te=qk+#
b<jTT\T/ *<+&T\T k d+d\T u< eV+#\ d++~.
dH`4 |s=q $<+> | D ks\qT *+#&+ k |uT u< n L&
|s=+~. | n+X\ e]+>qT #|{*.
dH`4 |s+ 6, 7 @ +&q u\T&T / u* & #sbsTTH < #]H sTy
b<$T $<qT |P] #jTbsTTH y] y] ejTdT q s> #sTy*. s> #+~q
keTs\ k<q L& b<jTT\ u<.
nsTT $<+> b<$T $< |yX+ b+~q u\\T |<\T>T d+es\T +&q sy
L& b<$T $<qT |P]#d es $<qT b+< VqT * HsT.
| +<q\ <c | u\T&T / u* ejTdT >Z s> |yX+ ]q|&T ksTT d]|&T
keTs\T e |yX+ sd]+#s<T. u\T&T / u*qT ejTdT >Z s> #s*. MsT
nu dq n+<] |\\ *d #<T e=qk+#& M\T> ksTT d]|& keTs\qT |\\ T k~+#
b<jTT\T u< eV+#*. +<Td+ deTjT+ {sTT+#T= |D[qT neT\T |s#*.
nedsyTq nudq keT |\\ n+~+#*. +<T k |uT+ < |uT+ |\\ e\dq
nu dH keT n+~+# u< rdTy*. MsT ejTdT >Z s> s] keTs\T * s>
=qk>TTHs? < e]+> #j*.
dH ` 18(1) |uT + < k |uT + k|+ < jeq+ < jT+D q&#
& +&, db sdT #dq $<+ > <sU dT #dT , d++~ nB d+d qT+ >T]+| < MsD |+
b+<+& @ s & k|+#L&<T. | #jTjTL&<T n dw+> #+ |s=+~. eq k
|uT+ q |]ds\ >T]+|, <MsD |+ +& mesT L& & k|+#+& #&*.
u\u*\+<sT >T]+|, <MsD |+ q #] m+{ &T\ >T]+&, =qk>T
b<$T $< b+< e]+> #j*.
bsX\ #]q | u\T&T/ u*qT #<Te |sT <+&+#s<T. yq&q esZ\T, |L\
|]dT\T m<Ts=+Tq |\\ | M] #<Tes<H #T\ ue+ #&L&<T. M] L& n esZ\
|\ deq+> *d +&, Ls=H, nu dq |jT bZH bsX \ |esq +&*. #+
dH 17(1) @ u\T&/ u*qT L& Xs <+&q, eqd y~+|\ >T]#jTL&< *|+~.
eq #<T e |sT, #<T e d++~+q s se\ |s (ms qT, bC esT\T, y]y\T
yTT<q$) |E\T/&T\T ed\T #jT&+, |\\T se\ bZqT V+ #|q|&T y]
sTdTeTT |sT bZqjTbe&+, neeq|s# & + +{$ @ $< d+d #jT L&<T . eq | $wj \
k |uT+ e]+> u< eV+#*.
bsX \ #]q |\\ +<sT >TD $<qT b+<*. +<Td+ $<V #+ n<jT+`5
dH`29 1,2 dudH\ <s = d#q\T #d+~. k |uT+. >TD $< neT\T $ @
yTs neT\T sT>TTHjTH~ e]+> #j *. <VsD dH 29`2m sC+>+ b+<T|s q
165
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
$\Te\ u<Hudq |jT\ @ yTs neX+ *+#&+~? |\\T m+{ $\Te\T *

eHsT? CrjT d+|< sD y] b m +~? |\\ yKsT\T, n_bj\T m HsTT? nH$
|syD #j*.
|\\ T {| { #<e +& uj
T +, +<q e+{ y{ qT+& y] $eTT #d ysT eT nqTuy \qT
d#> e]+#&+ bsX\ &&*.
dH 9 E () |s+ |<\T>T d+es\ es u\\ d++~+q ]sT\qT
sV+#e\dq neds+ >T]+ sY{ `2009 *jTCd+ ~. B |s+ $<sT\ T bsX \ #]q|{
qT+& n d++~+q n $wj\qT ]sT\ #|+#e\dq neds+ +~. eq nTe+{
]sT\T bsX\ sV+#+ sT>TT+< < \TdTe{ e]+> #jTe\dq neds+
+~. { | ksTT ]sT eT]jTT ]ws Y n+<s | sV+#*. sVD rsTqT e]+>
#d y{ d]> sV+# #&*.
e]+> beTTK >T]+ s+< $< u\\ V #+`2009 $dw+> |s=q
$wjT+ eTq+ >eT+#+. nsTT #+ |s=q $<+> e]+> neT\T $<q+ m +&
\TdT+<+.
9.5 bsX \\T, s $< d+d\ T eT]jTT d++~ e\ |rsT| e]+> `$<H\T
(Monitoring the functional aspects of schools, educational institutes, offices, and
related persons - procedures)
` $< eed $$<ksTT\ >TD n+X\ neT\TqT e]+> u<qT bsX\ ksTT
|< Hb<jTT\T, eT+&\ ksTT eT+&\ $<~sT\T, &$H ksTT | $<~sT\T,
ksTT $<~] #|{*.
` dH 21 dudH 2(m) |s+ de+ | q bsX \ jeq $T{ (mdtm+d) e]+>
u<qT #|{*.
` $<~] ys+ d+ 2 sE\T m*yT+ bsX\\ |rsTqT e]+> #j*.
d+<]+q bsX\ >TD n+X\qT d+ >+bT dMT+#*. n> s e]+>
n~sT\ |]o\q ]sT\qT |]o*+#*.
` |$<~] ys+ d+ 3sE\T m*yT+ bsX\\ |rsTqT e]+> #j*.
bsX\ sb\qT, ]sT\qT +> |]o*+#*.
` b<jT $< D d+d |b ys+ 2 sE\T m*yT+ bsX\\T d+<]+
bsX\\ |rsTqT e]+> #j*. |]o\q\qT qy<T #j*.
` eT+&\ $<~] ys+ d+ 4 sE\T eT+&\ |]~ m*yT+ bsX\\ |rsTqT
e]+> #d q |]o\q\qT qy<T #j*.
` e]+> u< \T \ n~sT\+<s e]+> u< qT s |qT\ k s + #jT s<T.
|\\ #<Te u< eV+#*.
` bsX\ jeq $T{ (mdtm+d) $~> | H\ H\Ze Xys+ bsX\\qT d+<]+#*.
q |]o\q\qT qy<T #j*.
166
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` eT+&\ $<~] q |]~ bsX\\ |<Hb<jTT\ dMT deyX+ | H\ yTT<{

ys+ sV+ bsX\\ |rsTqT dMT+#*. n> $<~], b<jT $<
D d+d |b |H\ 15e ~q eT+&\ $<~sT\T, | $<~sT\ dMT
deyX sV+ bsX\\ |]d dMT+#*.
` s+< $< u\\ V jTee[`2010, +<|<X dH 3(17) |s+ eT+&\
]ksT |sH eT+&\ ksTT m*yT+{ $< se\qT deTqsTTd q |]o\q\qT
|<Hb<jTT\ dMT deyX+ #]+#& deT]+#*.
9.6 e]+> ` $<T \T ` u< \T

(Monitoring - Roles and Responsibilities)
e]+> <T |] #j *q se\ (nqTdsD j

T \T) u< \T, me] mesT e]+>
#j*, e]+> m|&|&T, m& #j* yTT<\>T $es\T +~ |{ HsTT.
e]+>
#j *qysT
me] e]+>
#j *
m|&T
bsX\\T/
@ jT d+d\
X\\T/
s\j
\T
e]+> |+b*
d+<sq
bsX \/m+sYd/ dsYd/

H\=k] $<XK s\jT+ H\=k]
sY.$.byT. sY.byT.bdt.b.
bC s\j\T
H\=k]
&{ / d{ |b H\=k] bsX \/m+sYd/
CsTT+{ &s s /Y
dsYd/ &{ , d.{..,
.b.b.dt..|b
sw ksTT n~sT\T
.b.b.dt..
&z, |b &{ / d{ / | $<~] H\=k] bsX \/m+sYd/ dsYd ys
2 sE\T
.b.b.dt..
| $<~] /
eT+&\ $<~] H\=k] bsX \/m+sYd/ dsYd ys
3 sE\T
&z/|b &{ /d{
|<Hb<jTT\T
&z/ |$<~]/
H\=k] d +| bsX\\T H\=k]
(d +|t )
|b &{ /d{
CsTT+{ &s s /Y
sw ksTT n~sT\T
$<~]
&z/ |$<~]/
|b &{ /d{ /bsX \
jeq $T{
|<Hb<jTT\T, m+..z./
+| |<Hb<jTT\T/
bsX\ jeq$T{\T/
&z/ |$<~]/
|b &{ /d{
|<Hb<jTT\T
(b<$T,
q bsX\\T)
167
b<jTT\T
ys
H\=k] b<$T/
b<$Tq bsX\\T 2 sE\T
H\ s>>~ #sD\T,
ys
k] |\\ $< |eD\ 3 4
ksTT\T, neT\T dV
bsse\ neT\T sE\T
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
9.7 e]+> #j *q s+>\T/ n+X\T ` e]+> #j *q n+X\T MEO, Dy.E.O.,

DIET/CTE/DEO.
(Areas and Items of Monitoring pertaiing to MEO, Dy.E.O., DIET/CTE/DEO)
d++~ e]+> n~sT\T bsX \ ksTT $$< n+X\qT / s+>\qT e]+> #j *

+T+~. |eT<yTq, |&+B |D[, $H e]+> #j*. n+X\ |>
dMT+ q |]o\q\qT qy<T#jT T e]+> bsqT d<+ #dT j <X\ e]+>
#|{*. qy<T#dq e]+> bs bsX\\qT d+<]+#sq& <sq+. | n~]
M{ |n~] F d<+> +#*.
bsX \ ksTT e]+> #j *q n+X\T/ s+>\T:
1. qy<T: &&T |\\+<s (100%) bsX\ qy<jT #&&+. & jT |\\T,
u\]\ $es\T d]+ d<+> +#Te&+, y] L& & #s+<T |jT+#&+.
2. VsT: *<+&T\T, b<jTT\T, de+ |\\+<s bsX\ s>T\sY> VsjT,
#<Te=qk+# #jT&+.
3. \&: d+ 14 d+s\ ejTdT e#d] | sT (u\u*\T) eT+ |+& &
Vse s] s>T\T, #<Te |P]#jT&+.
4. ed ks+: bsX\ =qk>& nedseTjT b<$T ks\T n+f s> ><T\T,
|j >X\\T, <XXeD |s D \T, | neds\T >\ |\\ q @sT, d]|&T d+K
eTsT>T<=&T, >T{ ed, d\+, & keT yTT<\>Tq$ deTLs&+, q eqsT\T
$j+#TH #&&+.
5. u<Hudq |jT\T: |jT b<jTT&T, |\\ eT< nse+yTq +sH L&
+&&+. |dT+ eTq+ s> >~ qT+& |Ck$T d+d dTH+. BqT>TDyTq
yesD+ s> ><T +&&+. u>keT $<H\qT ne\+_+#&+. eTq s> ><T\
$$< ksTT\T *q |\\T +{sT. b<jTT\T kqTL\ <<+ |\\+<] nudq
neds\T rs&+, d$T[ $< n+< #&&+. q\\qT |j+ ds+> u~+#&+,
#s\T s|&+. \<s, #jT&+ <s, nqTuy\<s HsTe&+.
6. b<jT j eT]jTT u<Hudq keT: b<jTT\ qT+& s> ><T nudq $T
yesD+ *+#& eTq+ dTH+. +<TqT>TD+> u<Hudq \T +&*.
<qT>TD+> b<jTT\+<s bs|D[\, dsq nudq keT d+d<T\T njT
#&&+. |]ds\ n+<TuT q KsT, e KsT\ u<Hudq keT/+{sy
nudq keT sb+~+#T u<Hudq |jT b<jTT\T, |\\T $j+#
#&&+. yTT+ |jT de u>keT+ L& +& #&&+.
7. eqsT\ $j>+: eqsT\T s+&T s\T` u eqsT\T, eqe eqsT\T. u<Hudq keT`
#sT\T, |{\T, e|\T, >+<\jT |d\T, dVu\ sT\T, qeTH\T, bwtsT\T,
168
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
<sT\T, &$THsT\T, $ n bsX\ HsTT. M{ @ yTs |\\T, b<jTT\T

$j+#T+THsT. ke d+d\T yTT<q$ u eqsT\T nsTT n+<TuT +&
$wjT |DT\T (b<jTs) n+f $$< eT\y, ke dy ss\T, ]fsT
<>T\T, de de\T, |C|<T \T, yTT<\>TysT eqe eqsT\ +~ eksT . b<jTT\T
eqsT\qT eT u<H \\ k<q $j+#TH #&&+.
8. >+T\ $j>+: eq >+T\ $es\T, KsT yTT<\>T y{ H{dT usT| sj*.
>+T\ KsT d+ |< Hb<jTT&T, b<jTT\T, jeq $T{\ #]+ d+jTT+ >
b KsT#j rsq+ #j*. $ d++~ ]wsY qy<T #j*. | <X+
n+~+# &T yTTyT >+T. bsX\ bsX\ >+T, b<jT >+T, sVD >+T
e+{$ n+<CksT. |\\dseTTU_e~ bsX\ n+~+q >+T\qT $j+#
b<jTT\ q dV jT dV s\T n+~+# u< bsX \ jeq $T{<. { $T{
duT\+<] bsX\ n+< >+T\| |P] ne>Vq +&*. |syD n~sT\T KsT|
b<jTT\T, |<Hb<jTT\T *d #dq rsH\T |]o*+#*. =q keT #&*. <T\T
KsT #dT e]+> #j*.
9. dH 29, dus\T 2(4) |s+: d+|<jT |\ kq+ s+s deT> eT+q+ ]>
#&&+. | b<jTT&T d.d.. ]wsY eT]jTT eTT{y ]sY sVD |sy+#*.
<s\T |]o*+#*.
10. u\$T yesD+: u\\+<s V<s yesD+ #TsT>, y>+> HsT+{sT.
yysD+ uj
T sV +> +&*. |\ b<jTT\T dV|Ps+> +&*. |dT #+
Xs <+&qqT w~++~. n> <w+#&+, +#|s#&+, eT+<*+#&+ |\\qT u~ksTT.
|\\ | b<jTT\+<s |eT|Ps+> dVT, y , es<Z s \T> eeV]+#
#&*. |\\ e{&*. y] deTd\qT, ]\qT \TdTy*.
11. bsX\ jeq deyX\T/ b<jTT\T`*<+&T\ deyX\T. bsX\ u\\+<sT
#d \T, q]# |uby\T *< + &T\ deC m|{| &T *jT|s*. y~>
mdt.m+.d./|.{.@. deyX\qT $j+#Ty*. bsX\ bs<s+> +f bsX\
sb de+ #TsT> bZ+T+~. bsX \ se\T q~> u$dT+ ~. se\T
eT]+ u> sV+#& bVdT+ ~. { eT+ | +& |H m+.mdt.d. deyX\T/
|.{.@. deyX\T +q $<+> ]> #&&+. B |<Hb<jTT\T u< eV+#*.
$T{ |d + sVD |s y+ #*.
12. u\u*\ n+~+# eT<V uq |< + , bs |d \T, jTb+ yTT<\>Tq$ deT+>,
d\+ u\\+<] n+< #&&+ . n+<b | n~sT\qT bdt.byT.d. <s d+|~+#*.
13. bsX\ nd+;, y\T, |+&T>\T, $q sb\T yTT<\>T n bsX\ deT+>,
+q $<+> sV+# #&&+. n+s ]\yT sb\T ]>T #&*.
169
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
| n+X\T/ s+>\ bsX\\ |rsTqT m|{|&T e]+> #j*q u< d++~

n~sT\T, deC +~. ~ s+s+ deT>+> s>*q H= n+ \ |jT. u> |
#dq bsX\\qT n_q+~+#*. #jT bsX\\ d] *+# w #j*.
d++~ n~sT\T e]+> #j *q n+X\T/ s+>\T:
MEO, MRC/ Dy.EO, Division Level
` eT+&\+/ &$H bsX \ $<sT\ |> , |> eTT+<Tq bsX \\T, yqT& bsX \\T.
` MEO/ Dy.EO bsX\\ d+<s, +|&q e]+> |\T
` MRC >+<\jT sVD, e& stock and issue registers
` Stock and issue registers, textbooks, equipment, furniture
` Funds utilissation - rsH\T, cash book etc.
` H\y |<Hb<jTT\ dMT deyX\T ` $T{ |d+
` |\\ nudq+, |> d+ MEO/ Dy.EO rdT= neT\T|sTdTq sb\T
` ]sT\T, ]ws sVD
` sY &
$< D d+d (DIET)
` $<sT\, n<|\ VsT
` | ddt b>yT +&sY |s+> neT\T
` $q se\ |D[, neT\T
` School visits-visit reports
` Participation in review meeting
` Library $j>+
` Funds utilisation - students fee, govt. funds - rsH\T
` Stock and issue registers
` Staff meetings - minutes book
` Innovations
` Research studies - Action research
` Lab school activities
$<~] (DEO)
` School visits-visit reports
` $<sT\ |>, eT+&\ y> yqT& eT+&\T
` bs |d \ ds| s
` ksTT MEO, Dy.EO \ dMT\ T, minutes of the meeting
` HDyTq $< =s rdTq sj\T, neT\T|sTdTq se\T
170
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` s+s deT> eT+q+ neT\T

` ]\+ se\ neT\T
` qq bs|d\T, ]\+ neT\T rdTq #s\T`<s\T
9.8 e]+> d+<s + > |]o*+#*q ]ws T , ]sT\ T ` bsX \, d +| , MRC,

DIET etc.
(Registers and Records to be observed doing monitoring School, School Complex,
MRC, DIET etc.)
e]+> n~sT\T, e]+> #|f d+<s+ eTTKyTq ]sT\T, ]wsT |]o*+#*.

bsX \ ksTT:
` b<jTT\ VsT ]wsT
` |\\ VsT ]wsT
` s+s deT> eT+q ]wsT
` b<jT &\T
` wtT
` <T\T />+T ]wsT, KsT #dq rsH\T, =q keT |]o\q
` |> y~\T, ]bsT\T
` y], jT{ / bs |D[\T
` mdtm+d deyX\ ]wsT, $T{ T
` |<Hb<jTT\ dMT deyX\T ]wsT, $T{ T
` k ]wsT
` >+<\jT |d\ ]wsT eT]jTT k wO ]wsY
` bs|d\ |+|D ]wsT
` |\\ VsT\T yTT<\>Tq$
` bsX\ n_e~ |D[
` bsX\ sb\ &yT+fwH y~\T ` ]wsT
d +| :
` >+T\ $j> ]wsT, rsH\T
` wtT
` k ]wsT
` d +| deyX\ $T{ ]wsT
` deyX\ nC+&, rsH\ ]wsT yTT<\>Tq$.
eT+&\ eqsT\ +<+:
` sY &\T eT]jTT +|&q e]+> |\T
171
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` esY&H d{ yT +T
` >TD $< d++~+q y~\T
` |<Hb<jTT\ deyX\ ]wsT $T{ ]wsT
` nf+&H ]ws T
` m+.sY.|., m+..z. ys+| dMT ]wsT
` se\ &yT+fwH y~\T`]ws T
` bs|d\ |+|D ]wsT
` Hu ]wsT
` b<jTT\ $es\ ]wsT
` D se\ y~\T
` e& k eT]jTT |+|D ]wsT
` | neds\T\ |\\ $es\ ]wsT, |sD\ |+|D ]wsT
` >+<\jT |d\ ]wsT
` >+T\ $j> ]wsT
` k ]wsT
` wtT
` yH\ ]wsT yTT$
b<jT $< D d+d\T:
` sY &\T, esY&H d{yT+{
` e]+> bs{ (|P]+q$)
` eT+&\T, bsX\\ < rdTq ss $es\T
` b<jT D\ &yT+fwH ]wsT
` >+T\ $j> ]wsY
` wtT
` k T eT]jTT wO ]wsY
` VsT ]wsY yTT<\>Tq$
` se\ &yT+fwH ]ws Y
9.9 d+d\ eT]jTT e\ |rsT| dMT\ T ` sVD

(Review of performance of institutions and individuals)
deTse ++> \+> dMT\ T #|{ *. m|{| &T \ k<q m<sj

T deTd\qT >T]+
y{ n~>$T+# |D[\T sb+~+#Ty*. y{ neT\T #jT& u<\T |+#T |#d
|+& \\T k~+#>\+.
172
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
ksTT\ y> |rsT dMT\ T:

ksTT
.
dMT bZq`
d+.
e\dq ysT
1. bsX\ ` b<$T, ` |<Hb<jTT\T
b<$ Tq, q ` b<jTT\T
` mdt.m+.d.
2. d +|
` |< Hb<jTT\T
` b<jTT\T
3. eT+&\+
` +|
|< Hb<jTT\T
` |< Hb<jTT\T
` eT+&\ $<XU
n~sT\T
` &{ ssY
4. &$H
` bsX\
|< Hb<jTT\T
` d +|
|< Hb<jTT\T
` |$<~sT
` &{ k|t
5.
` eT+&\ $<~sT\T
` |$<~sT\T
` $<~]
` &{ k|t
6. sw+
` $<~sT\T
b , &{
``|b
` &ssY |t d
m&TwH
` |.z., sY.$.m+.,
` sY.m+.mdt.m.,
` mdt.d..sY.{.,
d+#\\T
` sw |< d+#\\T,
sY$m+, sYm+mdtm,
C&DSE yTTysT
173
deyX nC+&
1. |\\ |>
2. s+s deT> eT+q+
3. byT & wOdt
4. |\\ VsT
5. bs|<\T yTTq$
6. dVbs se\ neT\T
7. bs|d\T, eT<Vuq+
1. |\\ |>
2. bs |< \T/& \T
3. se\neT\T yTTq$
4. byT & wOdt
5. d.d..
6. dVbs se\ neT\T
1. bsX\\ / |\\ |>
2. d +| deyX\T
3. bsX\ksTT deyX\T
4. >+T $j>+
5. se\ neT\T yTTq$
6. e]+>, bsX\ d+<sq\T
7. byT & wOdt
8. d.d..
9. dVbs se\ neT\T
1. bsX\\ / |\\ |>
2. d +| deyX\T
3. bsX\ksTT deyX\T
4. >+T $j>+
5. se\ neT\T yTTq$
6. e]+>, bsX\ d+<sq\T
7. byT & wOdt
8. d.d..
9. dVbs se\ neT\T
1. |\\ |> eT+&\y>
2. d +| |rsT
3. bsX\\ |rsT
4. se\ neT\T yTTq$
5. d+<s q\T
6. byT & wOdt
7. d.d..
8. dVbs se\ neT\T
1. |\\ |> y>
2. se\ neT\T
3. d+<s q\T, y~\T
4. byT & wOdt
5. d.d..
6. dVbs se\ neT\T
y~\T me]
deT]+#*?
` d s Y
|< Hb<jTT\T
` eT+&\ $<~sT\T
` |$<~]
` eT+&\ $<~]
` |$<~]
` |$<~]
` $<~]
` b<jT $<
D d+d |b
` $<~]
` sY.C.&.
` mdt.|.&.
` bsX\ $< &ssY
` s<]
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
9.10 e]+> eT]jTT dMT\ sVD ` neT\T d\T, <s\T

(Monitoring and reviews - Indicators of implementation and evidence)
$$< ksTT\ e]+> n~sT\T #|f e]+> $<q+ neT\T d\T/ <s\T
+~ $<+> HsTT. M{ <s+> n~sT\ e]+> $~$<H\qT eT+q+ #ksT. M{
<s+> e]+> d++~+q $$< ksTT +&*q e]+> n~sT\ |rsTqT n+#HyjT &+
sT>TT+~.
neT\T d\T/ <s\T:
` n&$T >&H ]wsT qy<T#dq dq#\T, d\V\T
` bsX\qT d+<]+q $$< e]+> n~sT\# |P]+q e]+> bsT
` mdt.m+.d. duT\T/deyX\ Vs #dq rsH\T, bsX\ d+<sq |]o*+q n+X\T,
d#q\T qy<T #dq $T{ ]wsT
` |<Hb<jTT\T sVdTq b<jTT\ deyX\ ]wsT.
` eT+&\ ksTT eT+&\ $<~] e]+> d+<s + > |P]+q bsX \ e]+> |\T.
` d.d.. eT]jTT dVbs+X\ neT\T
` eT+&\ ksTT $T{ ]sY #dq ]wsY
` eT+&\ $<~] q |]~ |<Hb<jTT\ |+|+q $T{ $es\T.
` d++~ e]+> n~sT\T |P]+q bsX\/wsY/eT+&\ ]ksY +<+ ksTT e]+>
bsT, dMT deyX\ $T{
` d++~ e]+> n~sT\T * sY |D[\T.
` |\\ |> ksTT\ y~\T, bsX\ |> y~\T, dsY, eT+&\ y~\T yTT<\>Tq$.
` $$< ksTT\ eT+ | +& ]> dMT deyX\T y{ $T{ ]sY #d >T #s \ >T]+
n+<] |+|+#&+ . y{ neT\T eT]jTT |> <T |] deyX\ #s .

s+< $< u\\ V #+ , 2009 |s=q n+X\ neT\TqT |s y+ #*q u<
d++~ n~sT\ uT k d+d\| +~. j ksTT\ bsX\ksTT yTT<\T= swksTT
es $$< <X\ ]w \+ #+ neT\T rsTqT e]+> #j*. nqTdsDjT #s\T #|{*.
e]+> e\,
` bsX\ qT+& swksTT es >TD esT\T #T#dT+{sTT.
` #+ neT\T m<TseTq deTd\T/ nes<\qT >T]+#&+ sT>TT+~.
` b<jTT\T s> ><T\ <+&q sV, d#jTT yesD+ H\=\>\T>TsT. |\\
uy\T, n_bj\ $\TeksT.
` |\\ #<Te |, |s d++<+ q | ] yT<q+ |+b+<TT+~.
174
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
` e]+> b<jTT\ |rsT, e|sH|D yTsT>T\T ~<T+~.

` e]+>qT |&+B> neT\T#d |\\ dseTTU_e~ k<eTeT+~.
` e]+> <T |] #|f dMT\ T, nqTdsD j
T #s \ e\ b<jTT\T, n~sT\ $Xd+
|+b+<&yT+& y] #{ esZ<s+ \_dT+~.
III
dq T
dq T | d n+f $Cq+ | d, ke |> | d, <T | d,

VT + MT< eqMjT <<+ | d, u$ wT| eqe eTVyT<d T |, nbsyT q
$XdyT , dq T| $Xd+.
d |\\ dV +>H +T+~. |+#&+ B eTq+ #&=#T.
m+<T+~? n m+<T <T ? nH |\\ Xd V k~ |X \T |<\ n\yTq $>,
nss V yT q $> +&=#T. y{H eqe yT<d T ndq \D + ` s+sHwD +
< +~. eT]+ |<T H dTH y, dTH y nq< {#s T > eTq+ ydT y*q
|X .
du u> #| &+ n+f, u> HsT e&+ n+f` ^TssTT du q T |$T+#
#jT &yT n $<y\ +{sT. eT] eqe H>]q T >TV\ qT+ >V \ < q&|+ q
dq T | eTq u<q m+ |eT |{+ #>\ T>TT+~?
dq T V<jT + +~. dq T d>s #] +~. n dq TqT >T]+ u~d dq T
kV+ eTqdTqT ~>+ #dT + ~. #] yXu ] +> esTdT+ ~. dq T |>
keqT& bqT, J$+ dq T q dJe d++< $&eTs #| >* |\\ T eT
wq T dq T rsT+{sT. eT ||+ # dq T y +{sT. eTT dq T>, dq T eTT>
esTsT.
Be*+~ |< |< |j >X\\T <T, |]s\T <T, |]ds\ qT+, J$+,
dq TqT y|{ e >\ keTs +, dqo\. n d | sV k ns{| + &T y=*|{q T
J$+ s+>]+ qq |j >\ *jTC| >\&Z + . ~ nHwD, ~ ,
~ Xd+ , <= se +, <= n|s | u<q sV d+. @\e $<d+d qT+ eTq+
B eTq+ \TdTe#T. eTq s> >~ nqsTT+#e#T. eTq |\* dq T |jT T\T>
ese#T.
` #<T e $Cq+
175
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|
nH ns | P s deC\T, ~eTdeC\T eT d+ e T k+|T Je\T> r]~<& ns \

$T+ +&H nTe T J$ $<H sb+~+#Tq <VsD\T eqe|]DeT Xd+
=\\T> HsTT. $< n+f s+ eTs= s Jeq d+d n+~+#&+ . d+d e\+
nqTsD e\ n+<~ <T. < n~ e\+ eTqT>& keTs eT <T. n~ e\+ H| D+ L& <T.
n~ J$+#&+ q+< nqTu$+#& HsTe&+. $< n+f HsTe&yT{H
HsT e&yT q eTVjT $<y\ + #|P e+~+<T . $< |\y & D y\, n~
n y\T>T $d+ |#j
\ >+BJ nq&+ <X $ T<. $< |\y & ||+ # +<+ rdTb>\
eTVs |s D eT, d+d n >T]+#&+ #\<T. n~ eTVjT eqyq+<eT L& eTq+ >T]+#*.
|{ d+bjH < wjTsY +> *jTsY HH #<e &+ < |jT H ,
| H ~eTCT\ <sT \H , usrjT us H {H #&>* , q+~+#>\ >&+ J$\ $<]
eyT k< |&T T+~. q+< e\+ e eTqT>& nedsy T q H| D+ #\<T. < =~b{
|]ds\ |]CqeT #\<T. n~ q, m<{e Tw L& \T|= keTsd |Ps+> eT yTT
||+ # ]+#T>\ d+d e\ eyT k< |&T T+~.
` y&e qMsu <T&T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
H&T >C w H |] ||+ #+ > >eT+> e]bsTTq |]d |{ $< eedq T |]o*+q|&T
eTq *> $dj, >V , d+u $e]+#& e\T L& #\e. nsTTH dw d+
B eTs=k] d\ +> d+>V sD #j \+f #| e#T.
` H{ $< deT> $< <T. n~ e\+ H{ es{ nqTyq edT de\ o|T s+
#jT &, n~ s + #jT &, u< jT+ #jT & nqTyq = H| D* e&+,
q H| D* qr]+#&+ , = H| D* nHw+#&+ eyT .
` B $<qTue |< q \q C>, o\sD, dV Jeq d+d @MT d++<+ <T .
m&H d++<+ qT |+H n~ j< y < + q+#& #+# d+|<sTT
$<d+d\ neXwy | eTsMT <T.
` H| D* n+~+#&y T H{ $< $<q |< q \ eT eTq+ n+^]+H L&, \
Hsy s &+ | ks qT |dT H , C n~ ||\ eqe deC dT|]jTsY,
]jTsY deTV\T> $&>=&+ | eTsMT <T.
` $&BjT&+ e\ eqe de+ n+ |DTq =~eT+~ L&q deTV+ y| P , eT
>, eT deC\ >, eT ed >, < eT dV JeH > @ eeT |j >|&
d j+ n~ d+U\ deTV+ eTs=y| P @s&sTT.
` $< dV Jeq d+d> H| D deTTbsq > eyT bsX \\, $<\j\ |b~dTq +<Te\
eTqTwum dV s uy <T\T nHs>sy T q b{eTqd + @s&TT+~.
` b{ e\ n+ |DTq y, @ e+ H| D+ y] L& eT eT T+ duT \,
bsT>Ty], dV #sT \, k{eTqTw\ *d J$+#&y T H u<| & < T .
` y&e qMsu <T&T (= \\T ` = yT e\T)
176
sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

RTE 2009 - Quality Issues - MODULE

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, s+< $< u\\ V

#+, 2009 ` HD n+X\T

sh $<, |]X<q, D d+d,

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

s+< $< u\\ V #+ ` 2009 eX ` ne>Vq

(RTE Act - 2009 - Importance - Awareness)

u\\ ds eTTU_e~ - u\\ Cq+ ` keTs\T ` H| D\T,

(All Round Development of Children - Developing, Knowledge, Abilities, Skills,

u<H u dq |jT \T - |\* +<+> #dT = y] nqTyq $<H se\T,

(Promoting learning through activiteis, exploration and discovery in a

s+s deT> eT+q+

(Continuous &Comprehensive Evaluation)

bsX \ | ~H\T ` | >+\T

(School Working Days - Working Hours)

bsX \ jeq $T{\T

(School Management Committees)

bsX \ n_e~ |D[

(School Development Plan)

(Monitoring and Reviews)

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

1. s+< $< u\\ V #+ ` 2009

1.1. eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1.2. H|<+ (Context)

#+ |]~ ` neT\T ~ ` s#H\T

d++~ |uT+ ` k |uT+, *<+&T\ u<\T

&T\T ` b<jTT\ u<\T

bs|D[, eT+q d+dsD\T ` b<$T $<qT |P]#jT&+

1.4. |s<T\ |]cs+ ` d\V d+|\T

1.5. & jTe\T ` beD\T

1.6. RTE - 2009 neT\T d\T

1.7. eTT+| (Conclusion)

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

=+<] #q\T deTT<| T* =\TksTT. Xj\T Ve\jTX+>*

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

s+< $< u\\ V #+ ` 2009

1.1 eT* |X\T ` +#+& ` |d+~+#+&

1. b<$T V n+f @$T{? n$ @$?

2. b<$T V\T eT]jTT s V\ >\ u<yT$T?

3. |&T b*yT+ $< V> e]+~ eq ~ |\ @$<+> |j>+? B beTTK

4. k |uT+ n+f @$T{? sY.{.. neT\T B u<\T @$T{?

5. HDyTq b*yT+ $<qT b+<+<T sY.{.. <s b+{ neX\T HsTT?

6. sY.{.. neT\T de+ eT]jTT *<+&T\ b @$T{?

7. sY.{.. @ $<+> dV|P] yesD+ >\ bsX\\qT sb+~+#& |]dT+~?

9. sY.{.. neT\T eTq eTT+<Tq eTTKyTq deTd\T @$?

11. sY.{.. d]>Z neT\T#j\+f @$T #j*?

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

1.2 H|<+ (Context)

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

y<+ b+~+~. us |uT+ #{ , s+< $< u\\ V #+`2009 Right To

1.3 #+ n<j\T, y{ $es\T (Section in the Act and its details)

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

+< |uT+ bs+_+, < jeq+ < jT+D q &T\ Xdqdu

1.3.2 n<jT+ 2: , s+< $< V

, s+< $< u\\ V:

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

1.3.3 n<jT+ 3: d++~ |uT+ ` k |uT+ ` *<+&T\ u<\T

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

1.3.4 n<jT+ 4: &T\T, b<jTT\ u< \T (Responsibilities of Schools and Teacehrs)

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

n< s> eT =qk+#&+, &qT+ rdyjT&+ w<+:

sY.{.. ` 2009 b<jTT\ sB|

k+|T _e~ bsX \ #j q eT]jTT sV+#q |qT\T/ se\T: