GMAT & LSAT CR

TEST A Time 30 minutes 20 Questions 1. Mr. Janeck: I dont believe Stevenson ill in t!e election "or #overnor. $e voters are illin# to elect a b%siness&an it! no 'olitical e('erience to s%c! a res'onsible '%blic o""ice. Ms. Si%)dak: *o%re ron#. T!e e('erience o" r%nnin# a &a+or cor'oration is a val%able 're'aration "or t!e task o" r%nnin# a state #overn&ent. M. Si%)daks res'onse s!o s t!at s!e !as inter'reted Mr. Janecks re&ark to i&'l, !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Mr. Janeck considers Stevenson %n0%ali"ied "or t!e o""ice o" #overnor. .1/ 2o candidate it!o%t 'olitical e('erience !as ever been elected #overnor o" a state. .C/ Mr. Janeck believes t!at 'olitical leaders!i' and b%siness leaders!i' are closel, analo#o%s. .3/ A career s'ent in t!e '%rs%it o" 'ro"it can be an i&'edi&ent to ones abilit, to r%n a state #overn&ent "airl,. .E/ 4oters #enerall, overesti&ate t!e val%e o" 'olitical e('erience !en selectin# a candidate. 5. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo 7ne ta(8re"or& 'ro'osal t!at !as #ained increasin# s%''ort in recent ,ears is t!e "lat ta(9 !ic! o%ld i&'ose a %ni"or& ta( rate on inco&es at ever, level. 7''onents o" t!e "lat ta( sa, t!at a 'ro#ressive ta( s,ste&9 !ic! levies a !i#!er rate o" ta(es on !i#!er8inco&e ta('a,ers9 is "airer9 'lacin# t!e #reater b%rden on t!ose better able to bear it. :o ever9 t!e 'resent cra), 0%ilt o" ta( ded%ctions9 e(e&'tions9 credits9 and loo'!oles bene"its 'ri&aril, t!e !i#!8inco&e ta('a,er9 !o is conse0%entl, able to red%ce !is or !er e""ective ta( rate9 o"ten to a level belo t!at 'aid b, t!e lo er8inco&e ta('a,er. T!ere"ore9 ;;;;;; .A/ !i#!er8inco&e ta('a,ers are likel, to lend t!eir s%''ort to t!e "lat8ta( 'ro'osal no bein# considered b, Con#ress .1/ a "lat8ta( s,ste& t!at allo ed no ded%ctions or e(e&'tions o%ld s%bstantiall, increase act%al #overn&ent reven%es .C/ t!e lo er8inco&e ta('a,er &i#!t ell be 'enali)ed b, t!e instit%tion o" a "lat8ta( s,ste& in t!is co%ntr, .3/ t!e 'ro#ressive nat%re o" o%r 'resent ta( s,ste& is &ore ill%sor, t!an real .E/ t!e "lat ta( o%ld act%all, be "airer to t!e lo er8inco&e ta('a,er t!an an, 'ro#ressive ta( s,ste& co%ld be <. As 'art o" o%r 'ro#ra& to !alt t!e in"l%( o" ille#al i&&i#rants9 t!e ad&inistration is 'ro'osin# t!e creation o" a national identit, card. T!e card o%ld be available http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

onl, to =.S. citi)ens and to re#istered aliens9 and all 'ersons o%ld be re0%ired to 'rod%ce t!e card be"ore t!e, co%ld be #iven a +ob. 7" co%rse9 s%c! a s,ste& !olds t!e 'otential9 !o ever sli#!t9 "or t!e ab%se o" civil liberties. T!ere"ore9 all 'ersonal in"or&ation #at!ered t!ro%#! t!is s,ste& o%ld be !eld strictl, con"idential9 to be released onl, b, a%t!ori)ed 'ersonnel %nder a''ro'riate circ%&stances. T!ose !o are in co&'liance it! =.S. la s o%ld !ave not!in# to "ear "ro& t!e identit, card s,ste&. In eval%atin# t!e above 'ro'osal9 a 'erson concerned abo%t t!e &is%se o" con"idential in"or&ation o%ld be &ost interested in !avin# t!e a%t!or clari", t!e &eanin# o" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# '!rases.A/ >all 'ersons? .line @/ .1/ >!o ever sli#!t? .line A/ .C/ >civil liberties? .line B/ .3/ >a''ro'riate circ%&stances? .line 11/ .E/ >=.S. la s? .line 5/ C. At one ti&e9 E%ro'ean and Ja'anese co&'anies tried to i&itate t!eir A&erican rivals. Toda,9 A&erican a''liance &an%"act%rers i&'ort E%ro'ean scientists to lead t!eir researc! sta""sD A&erican a%to&akers desi#n cars t!at &i&ic t!e st,lin# o" Ger&an9 Italian9 and $renc! i&'ortsD and A&erican electronics "ir&s boast in t!eir advertisin# o" >Ja'anese8st,le? devotion to 0%alit, and reliabilit,. In t!e orld o" !i#! tec!nolo#,9 A&erica !as lost t!e battle "or international 'resti#e. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld !el' to s%''ort t!e clai& above EECEFT: .A/ An A&erican ca&era co&'an, clai&s in its 'ro&otional literat%re to 'rod%ce ca&eras >as "ine as t!e best S iss i&'orts.? .1/ An A&erican &aker o" stereo co&'onents desi#ns its 'rod%cts to rese&ble t!ose o" a 'o'%lar Ja'anese "ir&. .C/ An A&erican &an%"act%rer o" video #a&es %ses a brand na&e c!osen beca%se it so%nds like a Ja'anese ord. .3/ An A&erican &aker o" televisions st%dies Ger&an8&ade televisions in order to ado't Ger&an &an%"act%rin# tec!ni0%es. .E/ An A&erican &aker o" "ro)en "oods advertises its dinners as >Real E%ro'ean8 st,le entrees 're'ared b, "ine $renc! and Italian c!e"s.? @. Jo!nson is on "ir& #ro%nd !en !e asserts t!at t!e earl, editors o" 3ickinsons 'oetr, o"ten distorted !er intentions. *et Jo!nsons o n9 &ore "ait!"%l9 te(t is still #%ilt, o" its o n "or&s o" distortion. To standardi)e 3ickinsons o"ten indeci'!erable !and ritten '%nct%ation b, t!e %se o" t!e das! is to render 'er&anent a cas%al &ode o" 'oetic '!rasin# t!at 3ickinson s%rel, never e('ected to see in 'rint. It i&'lies t!at 3ickinson c!ose t!e das! as !er t,'ical &ark o" '%nct%ation !en9 in "act9 s!e a''arentl, never &ade an, de"initive c!oice at all. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best s%&&ari)es t!e a%t!ors &ain 'oint.A/ Alt!o%#! Jo!nson is ri#!t in critici)in# 3ickinsons earl, editors "or t!eir distortion o" !er ork9 !is o n te(t is #%ilt, o" e0%all, serio%s distortions. .1/ Jo!nsons %se o" t!e das! in !is te(t o" 3ickinsons 'oetr, &isleads readers abo%t t!e 'oets intentions. .C/ 1eca%se 3ickinson never e('ected !er 'oetr, to be '%blis!ed9 virt%all, an, atte&'t at editin# it &%st r%n co%nter to !er intentions. .3/ Alt!o%#! Jo!nsons atte&'t to 'rod%ce a &ore "ait!"%l te(t o" 3ickinsons 'oetr, is ell8&eanin#9 !is st%d, o" t!e &aterial lacks s%""icient t!oro%#!ness. .E/ 3ickinsons editors9 incl%din# Jo!nson9 !ave "ailed to deal ade0%atel, it! t!e 'roble& o" deci'!erin# 3ickinsons !and ritten &an%scri'ts. G. A la re0%irin# co&'anies to o""er e&'lo,ees %n'aid ti&e o"" to care "or t!eir c!ildren ill !ar& t!e econo&ic co&'etitiveness o" o%r nations b%sinesses. Co&'anies &%st be "ree to set t!eir o n e&'lo,&ent 'olicies it!o%t &andated 'arental8leave re#%lations. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ A 'arental8leave la in t!is co%ntr,. ill serve to stren#t!en t!e "a&il, as a social instit%tion

.1/ Man, b%sinesses in t!is co%ntr, alread, o""er e&'lo,ees so&e "or& o" 'arental leave. .C/ So&e o" t!e co%ntries it! t!e &ost econo&icall, co&'etitive b%sinesses !ave stron# 'arental8leave re#%lations. .3/ 7nl, co&'anies it! one !%ndred or &ore e&'lo,ees o%ld be s%b+ect to t!e 'ro'osed 'arental8leave la . .E/ In &ost 'olls9 a &a+orit, o" citi)ens sa, t!e, "avor 'assa#e o" a 'arental8 leave la . A. I" A9 t!en 1. I" 19 t!en C. I" C9 t!en 3. I" all o" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ I" 39 t!en A. .1/ I" not 19 t!en not C. .C/ I" not 39 t!en not A. .3/ I" 39 t!en E. .E/ I" not A9 t!en not 3. B. 3ear A''licant: http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

T!ank ,o% "or ,o%r a''lication. =n"ort%natel,9 e are %nable to o""er ,o% a 'osition in o%r local #overn&ent o""ice "or t!e s%&&er. As ,o% kno 9 "%ndin# "or s%&&er +obs is li&ited9 and it is i&'ossible "or %s to o""er +obs to all t!ose !o ant t!e&. Conse0%entl,9 e are "orced to re+ect &an, !i#!l, 0%ali"ied a''licants. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e letter.A/ T!e n%&ber o" a''licants "or s%&&er +obs in t!e #overn&ent o""ice e(ceeded t!e n%&ber o" s%&&er +obs available. .1/ T!e a''licant !o received t!e letter as considered !i#!l, 0%ali"ied. .C/ 4er, little "%ndin# as available "or s%&&er +obs in t!e #overn&ent o""ice. .3/ T!e a''lication o" t!e 'erson !o received t!e letter as considered care"%ll, be"ore bein# re+ected. .E/ Most o" t!ose !o a''lied "or s%&&er +obs ere considered 0%ali"ied "or t!e available 'ositions. H. St%dies o" "atal a%to&obile accidents reveal t!at9 in t!e &a+orit, o" cases in !ic! one occ%'ant o" an a%to&obile is killed !ile anot!er s%rvives9 it is t!e 'assen#er9 not t!e driver9 !o is killed. It is ironic t!at t!e innocent 'assen#er s!o%ld s%""er "or t!e drivers carelessness9 !ile t!e driver o"ten s%""ers onl, &inor in+%ries or none at all. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion %nderl,in# t!e reasonin# in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ In &ost "atal a%to&obile accidents9 t!e driver o" a car in !ic! an occ%'ant is killed is at "a%lt. .1/ 3rivers o" a%to&obiles are rarel, killed in a%to accidents. .C/ Most deat!s in "atal a%to&obile accidents are s%""ered b, occ%'ants o" cars rat!er t!an b, 'edestrians. .3/ A%to sa"et, e('erts s!o%ld increase t!eir e""orts to 'rovide 'rotection "or t!ose in t!e 'assen#er seats o" a%to&obiles. .E/ A%to&obile 'assen#ers so&eti&es 'la, a contrib%tin# role in ca%sin# a%to accidents. Questions 10-11 are based on the following As one !o !as al a,s believed t!at tr%t! is o%r nations s%rest ea'on in t!e 'ro'a#anda ar a#ainst o%r "oes9 I a& distressed b, re'orts o" >disin"or&ation? ca&'ai#ns b, A&erican intelli#ence a#ents in 6estern E%ro'e. In a disin"or&ation ca&'ai#n9 %ntr%t!s are disse&inated t!ro%#! #%llible local +o%rnalists in order to da&a#e t!e interests o" o%r ene&ies and 'rotect o%r o n. T!ose !o de"end t!is 'ractice sa, t!at l,in# is necessar, to co%nter Soviet disin"or&ation ca&'ai#ns ai&ed at da&a#in# A&ericas 'olitical interests. T!ese a'olo#ists contend t!at one &%st "i#!t "ire it! "ire. I o%ld 'oint o%t to t!e a'olo#ists t!at t!e "ire de'art&ent "inds ater &ore e""ective. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1I. T!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e above bases !is concl%sion on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ A circ%lar de"inition o" >disin"or&ation? .1/ An e(a&'le o" t!e ine""ectiveness o" l,in# as a ea'on in t!e 'ro'a#anda ar .C/ An analo#, bet een tr%t! and ater .3/ An a''eal to t!e a%t!orit, o" t!e "ire de'art&ent .E/ An attack on t!e c!aracter o" A&erican intelli#ence a#ents in 6estern E%ro'e 11. T!e a%t!ors &ain 'oint is t!at .A/ alt!o%#! disin"or&ation ca&'ai#ns &a, be e""ective9 t!e, are %nacce'table on et!ical #ro%nds .1/ A&ericas &oral standin# in t!e orld de'ends on its ad!erence to t!e tr%t! .C/ t!e te&'orar, 'olitical #ains 'rod%ced b, disin"or&ation ca&'ai#ns #enerall, #ive a, to lon#8ter& losses .3/ Soviet disin"or&ation ca&'ai#ns !ave done little to da&a#e A&ericas standin# in E%ro'e .E/ disin"or&ation ca&'ai#ns do not e""ectivel, serve t!e 'olitical interests o" t!e =nited States 15. Are ,o% still readin# t!e ot!er ne s'a'er in to n- 3id ,o% kno t!at t!e Daily Bugle is o ned b, an o%t8o"8to n b%siness s,ndicate t!at co%ldnt care less abo%t t!e 'eo'le o" Got!a& Cit,- Read t!e Daily Clarion9 t!e onl, real voice o" t!e 'eo'le o" Got!a& Cit,J 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &ost directl, re"%tes t!e ar#%&ent raised in t!e advertise&ent above.A/ 7ver !al" o" t!e advertisin# reven%es o" t!e Daily Clarion co&e "ro& "ir&s !ose !ead0%arters are located o%tside o" Got!a& Cit,. .1/ T!e Daily Clarion %s%all, devotes &ore o" its 'a#es to o%t8o"8to n ne s t!an does t!e Daily Bugle. .C/ 2earl, CI 'ercent o" t!e readers o" t!e Daily Clarion reside o%tside t!e li&its o" Got!a& Cit,. .3/ T!e editor8in8c!ie" and all t!e ot!er &e&bers o" t!e editorial sta"" o" t!e Daily Bugle !ave lived and orked in Got!a& Cit, "or ten ,ears or &ore. .E/ T!e Daily Bugle !as been '%blis!ed in Got!a& Cit, "or a lon#er ti&e t!an !as t!e Daily Clarion. Questions 13-14 are based on the following. T!e eart!s reso%rces are bein# de'leted &%c! too "ast. To correct t!is9 t!e =nited States &%st kee' its reso%rce cons%&'tion at 'resent levels "or &an, ,ears to co&e. 1<. T!e ar#%&ent above de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Fer ca'ita reso%rce cons%&'tion in t!e =nited States is at an all8ti&e !i#!. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

.1/ T!e =nited States astes reso%rces. .C/ T!e =nited States %ses &ore reso%rces t!an an, ot!er co%ntr,. .3/ T!e =nited States i&'orts &ost o" t!e reso%rces it %ses. .E/ C%rbin# =.S. reso%rce cons%&'tion ill si#ni"icantl, retard orld reso%rce de'letion. 1C. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 2e reso%rce de'osits are constantl, bein# discovered. .1/ T!e =nited States cons%&es one8t!ird o" all reso%rces %sed in t!e orld. .C/ 7t!er co%ntries need econo&ic develo'&ent &ore t!an t!e =nited States does. .3/ 7t!er co%ntries !ave a#reed to !old t!eir reso%rce cons%&'tion at 'resent levels. .E/ T!e =nited States !as been conservin# reso%rces "or several ,ears. 1@. Alba: I dont intend to vote "or Senator $rank in t!e ne(t election. S!e is not a stron# s%''orter o" t!e ar a#ainst cri&e. Ta&: 1%t Senator $rank s'onsored t!e latest anticri&e la 'assed b, t!e Senate. Alba: I" Senator $rank s'onsored it9 it cant be a ver, stron# anticri&e la . 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# identi"ies t!e &ost serio%s lo#ical "la in Albas reasonin#.A/ T!e "acts s!e 'resents do not s%''ort !er concl%sion t!at Senator $rank is so"t on cri&e. .1/ S!e ass%&es it!o%t 'roo" t!at cri&e is t!e &ost i&'ortant iss%e in t!e %'co&in# election. .C/ S!e ar#%es in a circle9 %sin# an %ns%''orted assertion to dis&iss con"lictin# evidence. .3/ S!e attacks Senator $rank on 'ersonal #ro%nds rat!er t!an on !e &erit as a 'olitical leader. .E/ In decidin# not to vote "or Senator $rank9 s!e "ails to consider iss%es ot!er t!an cri&e. 1G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo t!e &ost serio%s "la in televisions covera#e o" election ca&'ai#ns is its tendenc, to "oc%s on t!e !orse8race side o" 'oliticsKt!at is9 to concentrate on t!e 0%estion >6!os innin#-? at t!e e('ense o" s%bstantive covera#e o" t!e iss%es and t!e candidates 'ositions on t!e&. T!e endless intervie s it! ca&'ai#n &ana#ers9 disc%ssions o" ca&'ai#n strate#ies9 and9 es'eciall,9 t!e obsession it! o'inion 'olls !ave s%rro%nded elections it! t!e at&os'!ere o" a "ootball #a&e or a 'ri)e"i#!t. To re"or& t!is sit%ation9 a "irst ste' &i#!t ell be;;;;;; .A/ a s!ortenin# o" t!e len#t! o" election ca&'ai#ns to a 'eriod o" si( eeks

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

.1/ a strin#ent li&it on ca&'ai#n s'endin# .C/ a red%ction in t!e television covera#e o" o'inion 'olls d%rin# election ca&'ai#ns .3/ t!e '%blication and distrib%tion o" voter8ed%cation literat%re to in"or& t!e '%blic abo%t eac! candidates 'osition on t!e &a+or iss%es .E/ a li&it on t!e len#t! and n%&ber o" 'olitical advertise&ents broadcast on television 1A. 6it! Fro'osition 1<9 i" ,o% bo%#!t ,o%r !o%se 11 ,ears a#o "or LA@9III9 ,o%r 'ro'ert, ta( o%ld be a''ro(i&atel, LH1C a ,ear .1 'ercent o" LA@9III increased b, 5 'ercent eac! ,ear "or 11 ,ears/D and i" ,o%r nei#!bor bo%#!t an identical !o%se ne(t door to ,o% "or L5II9III t!is ,ear9 !is ta( o%ld be L59III .1 'ercent o" L5II9III/. 6it!o%t Fro'osition 1<9 bot! ,o% and ,o%r nei#!bor o%ld 'a, LG9III a ,ear in 'ro'ert, ta(es .< 'ercent o" L5II9III/. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e concl%sion "or !ic! t!e a%t!or &ost likel, is ar#%in# in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ Fro'osition 1< is %nconstit%tional beca%se it i&'oses an %ne0%al ta( on 'ro'erties o" e0%al val%e. .1/ I" Fro'osition 1< is re'ealed9 ever, !o&eo ner is likel, to e('erience a s%bstantial increase in 'ro'ert, ta(es. .C/ 1, 'reventin# in"lation "ro& drivin# %' 'ro'ert, val%es9 Fro'osition 1< !as saved !o&eo ners t!o%sands o" dollars in 'ro'ert, ta(es. .3/ I" Fro'osition 1< is not re'ealed9 identical 'ro'erties ill contin%e to be ta(ed at di""erent rates. .E/ Fro'osition 1< !as bene"ited so&e !o&eo ners &ore t!an ot!ers. Questions 18-19 are based on the following. At an enor&o%s researc! cost9 a leadin# c!e&ical co&'an, !as develo'ed a &an%"act%rin# 'rocess "or convertin# ood "ibers into a 'lastic. Accordin# to t!e co&'an,9 t!is ne 'lastic can be %sed "or9 a&on# ot!er t!in#s9 t!e !%lls o" s&all sailboats. 1%t !at does t!e co&'an, t!ink sailboat !%lls %sed to be &ade o"- S%rel, t!e &ania "or !i#! tec!nolo#, can scarcel, #o "%rt!er t!an t!is. 1B. T!e a%t!ors o'inion o" t!e &an%"act%rin# 'rocess described in t!e 'assa#e is based 'ri&aril, on t!e "act t!at .A/ 'lastic is %nlikel, to be d%rable eno%#! "or !i#!80%alit, sailboat !%lls .1/ t!e researc! costs o" develo'in# t!e 'rocess o%t ei#! an, savin#s 'ossible "ro& t!e %se o" t!e 'lastic .C/ a s&all sailboat is not nor&all, re#arded as a !i#!8tec! 'rod%ct .3/ !%lls "or s&all sailboats can be &ade "ro& ood it!o%t convertin# it into 'lastic .E/ &an, ot!er s'!eres o" !%&an activit, are in "ar #reater need o" tec!nolo#ical http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

researc! 1H. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e a%t!ors concl%sion.A/ T!e 'lastic 'rod%ced b, t!e 'rocess is considerabl, li#!ter9 stron#er9 and &ore aterti#!t t!an ood. .1/ T!e ood %sed in 'rod%cin# t!e 'lastic is itsel" in increasin#l, s!ort s%''l,. .C/ T!e cost o" t!e &an%"act%rin# 'rocess o" t!e 'lastic increases t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# a sailboat !%ll b, 1I to 1@ 'ercent. .3/ M%c! o" t!e cost o" t!e researc! t!at develo'ed t!e ne 'rocess ill be ritten o"" "or ta( '%r'oses b, t!e c!e&ical co&'an,. .E/ T!e develo'&ent o" t!e ne 'lastic is e('ected to !el' &ake t!e c!e&ical co&'an, an i&'ortant s%''lier o" boat8b%ildin# &aterials. 5I. A ,o%n# &an ea#er to beco&e a &aster s ords&an +o%rne,ed to t!e !o&e o" t!e #reatest teac!er o" s ords&ans!i' in t!e kin#do&. :e asked t!e teac!er9 >:o 0%ickl, can ,o% teac! &e to be a &aster s ords&an-? T!e old teac!er re'lied9 >It ill take ten ,ears.? =nsatis"ied9 t!e ,o%n# &an asked9 >6!at i" I a& illin# to ork ni#!t and da,9 ever, da, o" t!e ,ear-? t!e teac!er re'lied9 >In t!at case9 it ill take t ent, ,ears.? T!e teac!ers &ain 'oint is t!at an i&'ortant 0%alit, o" a &aster s ords&an is .A/ !%&ilit, .1/ illin#ness to ork !ard .C/ res'ect "or ones elders .3/ 'atience .E/ deter&ination TEST 1 Time 30 minutes 20 Questions 1. 1elo is an e(cer't "ro& a letter t!at as sent b, t!e c!air&an o" a cor'oration to t!e stock!olders. A n%&ber o" c!ar#es !ave been raised a#ainst &e9 so&e serio%s9 so&e trivial. Individ%als seekin# to control t!e cor'oration "or t!eir o n '%r'oses !ave de&anded &, resi#nation. Re&e&ber t!at no co%rt o" la in an, state !as "o%nd &e #%ilt, o" an, cri&inal o""ense !atsoever. In t!e A&erican tradition9 as ,o% kno 9 an individ%al is considered innocent %ntil 'roven #%ilt,. $%rt!er&ore9 as t!e cor'orations %nbroken si(8,ear record o" #ro t! ill s!o 9 &, cond%ct o" &, o""icial d%ties as c!air&an !as onl, !el'ed en!ance t!e s%ccess o" t!e cor'oration9 and so bene"ited ever, stock!older. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e e(cer't.A/ T!e c!air&an believes t!at all t!ose !o !ave de&anded !is resi#nation are &otivated b, desire to control t!e cor'oration "or t!eir o n '%r'oses. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

.1/ An, &isdeeds t!at t!e c!air&an &a, !ave co&&itted ere &otivated b, !is desire to en!ance t!e s%ccess o" t!e cor'oration. .C/ T!e c!air&an is innocent o" an, cri&inal o""ense. .3/ T!e cor'oration !as e('anded steadil, over t!e 'ast si( ,ears. .E/ An, le#al 'roceedin#s a#ainst t!e c!air&an !ave res%lted in !is ac0%ittal. 5. In t!e ,ears since t!e cit, o" London i&'osed strict air8'oll%tion re#%lations on local ind%str,9 t!e n%&ber o" bird s'ecies seen in and aro%nd London !as increased dra&aticall,. Si&ilar air8'oll%tion r%les s!o%ld be i&'osed in ot!er &a+or cities. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade in t!e ar#%&ent above EECEFT: .A/ In &ost &a+or cities9 air8'oll%tion 'roble&s are ca%sed al&ost entirel, b, local ind%str,. .1/ Air8'oll%tion re#%lations on ind%str, !ave a si#ni"icant i&'act on t!e 0%alit, o" t!e air. .C/ T!e air8'oll%tion 'roble&s o" ot!er &a+or cities are basicall, si&ilar to t!ose once s%""ered b, London. .3/ An increase in t!e n%&ber o" bird s'ecies in and aro%nd a cit, is desirable. .E/ T!e increased si#!tin#s o" bird s'ecies in and aro%nd London re"lect an act%al increase in t!e n%&ber o" s'ecies in t!e area. <. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo In o''osin# #overn&ent re#%lation o" b%siness9 conservatives o"ten a''eal to t!e Je""ersonian ideal o" li&ited #overn&ent9 e('ressin# t!e is! t!at #overn&ent o%ld >#et o"" t!e backs o" t!e A&erican 'eo'le.? *et9 'arado(icall,9 &an, o" t!ese sa&e conservatives address 0%estions o" 'rivate &oralit,9 s%c! as t!ose dealin# it! se(%al be!avior9 b, callin# "or;;;;;; .A/ a ret%rn to t!e restrictive se(%al &oralit, o" t!e 4ictorian era .1/ a stren#t!enin# o" t!e role o" t!e "a&il, in settin# &oral nor&s "or societ, .C/ a li&itation on t!e a&o%nt o" se(%all, 'rovocative &aterial a''earin# in books9 &otives9 and television s!o s .3/ #reater "reedo& "or individ%als to c!oose t!eir o n a, o" !andlin# se(%al iss%es .E/ an increased #overn&ental role in t!e re#%lation and control o" 'rivate se(%al be!avior Questions 4-5 are based on the following In an e('eri&ent9 t o di""erent t,'es o" recorded &%sic ere 'la,ed "or neonates in ad+acent n%rseries in a !os'ital. In n%rser, A9 classical &%sic as 'la,edD in n%rser, 19 rock &%sic as 'la,ed. A"ter t o eeks9 it as "o%nd t!at t!e babies in n%rser, A cried less9 s%""ered "e er &inor ail&ents9 and #ained &ore ei#!t t!an did t!e babies in n%rser, 1. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1I

C.

In eval%atin# t!e validit, o" t!e concl%sion s%##ested b, t!e e('eri&ent above9 it o%ld be &ost i&'ortant to kno !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e &%sical 're"erences o" t!e 'arents o" t!e t o #ro%'s o" ne borns .1/ 6!et!er t!e ne borns in bot! n%rseries ere e0%all, !ealt!, and !a'', at t!e start o" t!e e('eri&ent .C/ 6!et!er lo%d rock &%sic can da&a#e t!e !earin# o" ne borns .3/ 6!at t!e avera#e ei#!t o" t!e neonates as be"ore and a"ter t!e e('eri&ent .E/ 6!et!er t!e &%sic as 'la,ed in t!e n%rseries at all ti&es or onl, at certain ti&es

@.

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# additional e('eri&ental data o%ld s%''ort t!e !,'ot!esis t!at classical &%sic is bene"icial to t!e develo'&ent o" ne born.A/ T!e neonates in a n%rser, !ere no &%sic as 'la,ed "ared better t!an t!ose in n%rser, 1. .1/ 2%rser, A contained 1@ 'ercent &ore 're&at%re babies t!an n%rser, 1. .C/ T!e ne borns in n%rser, A cried less9 s%""ered "e er &inor ail&ents9 and #ained &ore ei#!t t!an did ne borns in a n%rser, it! no &%sic. .3/ T!e &%sic 'la,ed in n%rser, A as lo%der t!an t!at 'la,ed in n%rser, 1. .E/ T!e ratio o" n%rses to ne borns in n%rser, 1 as 1 to CD in n%rser, A9 it as 1 to G.

G.

T!e ancient cit, o" Ce'!esa as not b%ried b, an er%'tion o" Mt. A&nos in A.3. <1I9 as so&e believe. T!e er%'tion in t!e ,ear <1I da&a#ed t!e cit,9 b%t it did not destro, it. Ce'!esa s%rvived "or anot!er cent%r, be"ore it "inall, &et its destr%ction in anot!er er%'tion aro%nd A.3. C1@. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e a%t!ors clai& t!at t!e cit, o" Ce'!esa as not b%ried b, t!e er%'tion o" Mt. A&nos in A.3. <1I.A/ T!e cit, o" Ce'!esa is &entioned in a !istorical ork kno n to !ave been ritten in A.3. CII. .1/ Coins bearin# t!e i&a#e o" an e&'eror !o lived aro%nd A.3. C1I !ave been discovered in t!e r%ins o" Ce'!esa9 !ic! ere 'reserved b, t!e cinders and as!es t!at b%ried t!e cit,. .C/ Geolo#ical evidence s!o s t!at t!e er%'tion o" Mt. A&nos in A.3. C1@ de'osited a 1I8"oot8t!ick la,er o" lava on t!e cit, o" Ce'!esa. .3/ Art orks "ro& t!e cit, o" Ce'!esa !ave been "o%nd in t!e r%ins o" anot!er cit, kno n to !ave been destro,ed in A.3. C5I. .E/ A !istorical ork ritten in A.3. C<I re"ers to t!e er%'tion o" Mt. A&nos in A.3. C1@.

A.

J%ne is taller t!an Mristin. Lett, is taller t!an Maria.

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GMAT & LSAT CR

11

Maria is s!orter t!an 2anc,. Mristin and 2anc, are e(actl, t!e sa&e !ei#!t. I" t!e in"or&ation above is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ Lett, is taller t!an 2anc,. .1/ Lett, is taller t!an J%ne. .C/ Mristin is s!orter t!an Lett,. .3/ J%ne is taller t!an Maria. .E/ Mristin is s!orter t!an Maria. B. C%rrent "ar& 'olic, is instit%tionali)ed 'enali)ation o" cons%&ers. It increases "ood 'rices "or &iddle8 and lo 8inco&e "a&ilies and costs t!e ta('a,er billions o" dollars a ,ear. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld 'rovide s%''ort "or t!e a%t!ors clai&s aboveI. II. $ar& s%bsidies a&o%nt to ro%#!l, L5I billion a ,ear in "ederal 'a,o%ts and L15 billion &ore in !i#!er "ood 'rices. Accordin# to a st%d, b, t!e 3e'art&ent o" A#ric%lt%re9 eac! L1 o" bene"its 'rovided to "ar&ers "or et!anol 'rod%ction costs cons%&ers and ta('a,ers LC.

III. T!e avera#e "%ll8ti&e "ar&ers !ave an avera#e net ort! o" over L<II9III. .A/ I onl, .1/ II onl, .C/ III onl, .3/ I and II onl, .E/ I9 II9 and III H. Reva: =sin# e(traneo%s incentives to #et teena#ers to c!an#e t!eir attit%de to ard sc!ool and sc!ool ork ont ork. Take t!e 'ro#ra& in 6est 4ir#inia9 "or instance9 !ere t!e, tried to red%ce t!eir dro'o%t rate b, revokin# t!e drivin# licenses o" kids !o le"t sc!ool. T!e 'ro#ra& "ailed &iserabl,. Anne: Its tr%e t!at t!e 6est 4ir#inia 'ro#ra& "ailed9 b%t &an, sc!ools !ave devised incentive 'ro#ra&s t!at !ave been ver, s%ccess"%l in i&'rovin# attendance and red%cin# disci'line 'roble&s. Accordin# to Anne9 t!e eak 'oint in Revas clai& is t!at it .A/ "ails to consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e &a+orit, o" 'otential dro'o%ts in 6est 4ir#inia do not !ave drivin# licenses .1/ doesnt 'rovide an, e(act "i#%res "or t!e dro'o%t rate in 6est 4ir#inia be"ore and d%rin# t!e 'ro#ra& .C/ i#nores a s%bstantial bod, o" evidence s!o in# t!at 'arents and e&'lo,ers !ave been %sin# e(trinsic incentives it! 'ositive res%lts "or ,ears

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GMAT & LSAT CR

15

.3/ ass%&es t!at a 'ositive incentiveKa 'ri)e or a re ardK ill be no &ore e""ective t!an a ne#ative incentive9 like t!e revokin# o" a drivin# license .E/ is based on a sin#le e(a&'le9 t!e incentive 'ro#ra& in 6est 4ir#inia9 !ic! &a, not be t,'ical 1I. In &an, s%rve,s9 A&erican cons%&ers !ave e('ressed a illin#ness to s'end %' to 1I 'ercent &ore "or 'rod%cts t!at are ecolo#icall, so%nd. Enco%ra#ed b, s%c! s%rve,s9 1leac!87 Cor'oration 'ro&oted a ne la%ndr, deter#ent9 1leac!87 Green9 as sa"er "or t!e environ&ent. 1leac!87 Green cost @ 'ercent &ore t!an t,'ical deter#ents. A"ter one ,ear9 1leac!87 Green !ad "ailed to ca't%re a si#ni"icant s!are o" t!e deter#ent &arket and as it!dra n "ro& sale. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions is LEAST likel, to be relevant in deter&inin# t!e reasons "or t!e "ail%re o" 1leac!87 Green.A/ :o e""ective as a deter#ent as 1leac!87 Green.1/ :o &an, ot!er deter#ents on t!e &arket ere 'ro&oted as sa"e "or t!e environ&ent.C/ :o &%c! &ore did 1leac!87 Green cost to &an%"act%re t!an ordinar, deter#ents.3/ To !at e(tent did cons%&ers acce't t!e validit, o" 1leac!87 Green advertised and 'ro&oted to cons%&ers.E/ :o e""ectivel, as 1leac!87 Green advertised and 'ro&oted to cons%&ers11. T!e b%rden o" &aintainin# t!e =.S. !i#! a, s,ste& "alls dis'ro'ortionatel, on t!e tr%ckin# ind%str,. Tr%cks re'resent onl, abo%t 1I 'ercent o" t!e ve!icles on =.S. roads. *et road %se ta(es assessed on tr%cks a&o%nt to al&ost !al" t!e ta(es 'aid "or !i#! a, %'kee' and re'air. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e tr%ckin# ind%str, !as en+o,ed record a"ter8ta( 'ro"its in t!ree o" t!e 'ast "o%r ,ears. .1/ 1eca%se o" t!eir ei#!t9 tr%cks ca%se over @I 'ercent o" t!e da&a#e s%stained b, !i#! a, s%r"aces eac! ,ear. .C/ 6it!o%t an econo&icall, viable tr%ckin# ind%str,9 t!e cost o" #oods in t!e =nited States o%ld rise si#ni"icantl,. .3/ Road %se ta(es 'aid b, tr%ckin# co&'anies !ave decreased b, < 'ercent over t!e 'ast "ive ,ears. .E/ 3%e to ,ears o" ne#lect9 =.S. !i#! a,s toda, are badl, in need o" &a+or re'airs and reb%ildin#. 15. T!e %'co&in# 'residential election in t!e 6est A"rican re'%blic o" Ganelon is o" #rave concern to t!e =.S. State 3e'art&ent. Ganelon 'resentl, !as stron# 'olitical and &ilitar, ties to t!e =nited States. :o ever9 t!e Socialist 'art, is

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GMAT & LSAT CR

1<

idel, e('ected to in t!e election9 leadin# to "ears t!at Ganelon ill soon break a a, "ro& t!e 'ro8A&erican bloc and ado't a nonali#ned or o'enl, anti8 A&erican stance. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ A Socialist 'art, #overn&ent in Ganelon is &ore likel, to o''ose t!e =nited States t!an is a non8Socialist 'art, #overn&ent. .1/ T!e 'eo'le o" t!e =nited States reco#ni)e t!eir nations interest in t!e 'olitical stabilit, o" 6est A"rica. .C/ A eakenin# o" =.S. 'olitical ties it! Ganelon co%ld !ave serio%s conse0%ences "or =.S. relations it! ot!er A"rican nations. .3/ T!e Socialist 'art, leaders in Ganelon believe t!at t!eir nations interests o%ld best be served b, an alliance it! anti8A&erican "orces. .E/ T!e Socialist 'art, ill in t!e %'co&in# election in Ganelon. 1<. 2o nation can lon# s%rvive %nless its 'eo'le are %nited b, a co&&on ton#%e. $or 'roo"9 e need onl, consider Canada9 !ic! is bein# torn as%nder b, con"licts bet een $renc!8s'eakin# N%ebec and t!e ot!er 'rovinces9 !ic! are do&inated b, En#lis! s'eakers. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost e""ectivel, c!allen#es t!e a%t!ors concl%sion.A/ Con"licts over lan#%a#e !ave led to violent clas!es bet een t!e 1as0%e8 s'eakin# &inorit, in S'ain and t!e S'anis!8s'eakin# &a+orit,. .1/ Fro'osals to declare En#lis! t!e o""icial lan#%a#e o" t!e =nited States !ave &et it! resistance "ro& &e&bers o" :is'anic and ot!er &inorit, #ro%'s. .C/ Econo&ic and 'olitical di""erences9 alon# it! lin#%istic ones9 !ave contrib%ted to t!e 'rovincial con"licts in Canada. .3/ T!e '%blic o" India9 in e(istence sine 1HCB9 !as a 'o'%lation t!at s'eaks !%ndreds o" di""erent9 t!o%#! related9 lan#%a#es. .E/ S it)erland !as s%rvived "or nearl, a t!o%sand ,ears as a !o&e "or s'eakers o" t!ree di""erent lan#%a#es. 1C. As an e('erienced labor or#ani)er and t!e "or&er !ead o" one o" t!e nations &ost 'o er"%l labor %nions9 Gra,son is an e(cellent c!oice to c!air t!e ne co%ncil on b%siness8labor relations. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e ne co%ncil &%st !ave t!e s%''ort o" t!e nations labor leaders i" it is to s%cceed. .1/ 3%rin# !is ,ears as a labor leader9 Gra,son establis!ed a record o" #ood relations it! b%siness leaders. .C/ T!e c!air o" t!e ne co%ncil &%st be a 'erson !o can co&&%nicate directl, it! t!e leaders o" t!e nations lar#est labor %nions. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1C

.3/ Most o" t!e ot!er &e&bers o" t!e ne co%ncil ill be re'resentatives o" b%siness &ana#e&ent interests. .E/ An %nderstandin# o" t!e needs and 'roble&s o" labor is t!e onl, 0%ali"ication necessar, "or t!e +ob o" c!airin# t!e ne co%ncil. 1@. In t!e e""ort to "ire a Civil Service e&'lo,ee9 !is or !er &ana#er &a, !ave to s'end %' to L1II9III o" ta( &one,. Since Civil Service e&'lo,ees kno !o !ard it is to "ire t!e&9 t!e, tend to loa". T!is e('lains in lar#e 'art !, t!e #overn&ent is so ine""icient. It can be 'ro'erl, in"erred on t!e basis o" t!e state&ents above t!at t!e a%t!or believes !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#I. II. Too &%c! +ob sec%rit, can !ave a ne#ative in"l%ence on orkers. More #overn&ent orkers s!o%ld be "ired.

III. Most #overn&ent orkers are Civil Service e&'lo,ees. .A/ I onl, .1/ I and III onl, .C/ II onl, .3/ I9 II9 and III .E/ III onl, 1G. So&e co&&entators co&'lain t!at a >liti#ation e('losion? in t!e 'ast decade !as led to %nreasonabl, !i#! costs "or =.S. b%sinesses b, enco%ra#in# &ore 'rod%ct liabilit, s%its a#ainst &an%"act%rers. :o ever9 t!ese co&'laints are based &ainl, on &,t!. Statistics s!o t!at t!e n%&ber o" s%ccess"%l 'rod%ct liabilit, s%its !as re&ained al&ost t!e sa&e9 and t!e avera#e s%& a arded in da&a#es !as #ro n no "aster t!an t!e in"lation rate. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e n%&ber o" %ns%ccess"%l s%its !as sk,rocketed9 i&'osin# !%#e ne le#al e('enses on b%sinesses. .1/ Several o" t!e lar#est a ards ever &ade in 'rod%ct liabilit, cases occ%rred it!in t!e last t o ,ears. .C/ T!e rise o" t!e cons%&er &ove&ent !as enco%ra#ed citi)ens to seek le#al redress "or 'rod%ct "la s. .3/ La ,ers o"ten %ndertake 'rod%ct liabilit, cases on a contin#enc, basis9 so t!eir 'a,&ent is based on t!e si)e o" t!e da&a#es a arded. .E/ J%ries o"ten a ard da&a#es in 'rod%ct liabilit, s%its o%t o" e&otional s,&'at!, "or an in+%red cons%&er. 1A. Ronald: Accordin# to &, anal,sis o" t!e national econo&,9 !o%sin# 'rices s!o%ld not increase d%rin# t!e ne(t si( &ont!s %nless interest rates dro' si#ni"icantl,. Mark: I disa#ree. 7ne ,ear a#o9 !en interest rates last "ell si#ni"icantl,9 !o%sin# 'rices did not increase at all. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@

It can be in"erred "ro& t!e conversation above t!at Mark !as inter'reted Ronalds state&ent to &ean t!at .A/ !o%sin# 'rices ill rise onl, i" interest rates "all .1/ i" interest rates "all9 !o%sin# 'rices &%st rise .C/ interest rates and !o%sin# 'rices tend to rise and "all to#et!er .3/ interest rates are t!e onl, si#ni"icant econo&ic "actor a""ectin# !o%sin# 'rices .E/ interest rates are likel, to "all si#ni"icantl, in t!e ne(t si( &ont!s 1B. Its ti&e e sto''ed searc!in# "or ne statistics to s%##est t!at e are not s'endin# eno%#! on ed%cation. In "act9 ed%cation s'endin# increased <I 'ercent overall d%rin# t!e last decade. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 3es'ite increased s'endin# on ed%cation9 enroll&ent in o%r ele&entar, and secondar, sc!ools declined abo%t C 'ercent d%rin# t!e last ten ,ears. .1/ 7%r s'endin# on #asoline increased &ore t!an 1II 'ercent d%rin# t!e last decade. .C/ 6!en ad+%sted "or in"lation9 o%r 'er8'%'il e('endit%re on ed%cation t!is ,ear is less t!an it as ten ,ears a#o. .3/ Eleven ot!er econo&icall, develo'ed nations s'end &ore on ed%cation t!an e do. .E/ T!e ac!ieve&ent levels o" o%r st%dents !ave been declinin# steadil, since 1HGI9 and t!e last decade 'rod%ced no reversal in t!is trend. 1H. T!e =.S. cens%s is not 'er"ect: t!o%sands o" A&ericans 'robabl, #o %nco%nted. :o ever9 t!e basic statistical 'ortrait o" t!e nation 'ainted b, t!e cens%s is acc%rate. Certainl, so&e o" t!e 'oor #o %nco%nted9 'artic%larl, t!e !o&elessD b%t so&e o" t!e ric! #o %nco%nted as ell9 beca%se t!e, are o"ten abroad or travelin# bet een one residence and anot!er. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent above de'ends.A/ 1ot! t!e ric! and t!e 'oor !ave 'ersonal and econo&ic reasons to avoid bein# co%nted b, t!e cens%s. .1/ All A&ericans &a, reasonabl, be classi"ied as eit!er 'oor or ric!. .C/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" 'oor A&ericans %nco%nted b, t!e cens%s is close to t!e 'ercenta#e o" ric! A&ericans %nco%nted. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" !o&eless A&ericans is a''ro(i&atel, e0%al to t!e n%&ber o" ric! A&ericans. .E/ T!e 'ri&ar, '%r'ose o" t!e cens%s is to anal,)e t!e econo&ic stat%s o" t!e A&erican 'o'%lation. 5I. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo -

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1G

In toda,s 'l%ralistic societ,9 te(tbook '%blis!ers "ind t!e&selves in an increasin#l, %nco&"ortable 'osition. Since t!e sc!ools are re#arded as a re'ositor, o" societ,s &oral and c%lt%ral val%es9 eac! #ro%' it!in societ, is!es to 'revent an, &aterial t!at o""ends its o n val%es "ro& a''earin# in te(tbooks. As a res%lt9 stance on an iss%e is certain to r%n a"o%l o" one #ro%' or anot!er. And since te(tbook '%blis!ers &%st rel, on co&&%nit, #ood ill to sell t!eir books9 it is inevitable t!at;;;;;; .A/ "e er and "e er '%blis!ers ill be illin# to enter t!e "inanciall, %ncertain te(tbook ind%str, .1/ t!e et!ical and &oral content o" te(tbooks ill beco&e increasin#l, ne%tral and bland .C/ &ore and &ore 'ress%re #ro%'s ill arise t!at seek to in"l%ence t!e content o" te(tbooks .3/ t!e #overn&ent ill be "orced to intervene in t!e increasin#l, rancoro%s debate over t!e content o" te(tbooks .E/ sc!ool boards9 teac!ers9 and 'rinci'als ill "ind it nearl, i&'ossible to c!oose a&on# t!e variet, o" te(tbooks bein# o""ered TEST C Time 30 minutes 20 Questions Questions 1-! are based on the following. 6e !ave !eard a #ood deal in recent ,ears abo%t t!e declinin# i&'ortance o" t!e t o &a+or 'olitical 'arties. It is t!e &ass &edia9 e are told9 t!at decide t!e o%tco&e o" elections9 not t!e 'o er o" t!e 'arties. 1%t it is ort! notin# t!at no inde'endent or t!ird8'art, candidate !as on an, i&'ortant election in recent ,ears9 and in t!e last nation ide ca&'ai#n9 t!e t o &a+or 'arties raised and s'ent &ore &one, t!an ever be"ore in s%''ort o" t!eir candidates and 'lat"or&s. It see&s clear t!at re'orts o" t!e i&&inent de&ise o" t!e t o8'art, s,ste& are 're&at%re at best. 1. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e a&o%nt o" &one, raised and s'ent b, a 'olitical 'art, is one valid criterion "or +%d#in# t!e in"l%ence o" t!e 'art,. .1/ A si#ni"icant increase in t!e n%&ber o" t!ird8'art, candidates o%ld be evidence o" a decline in t!e i&'ortance o" t!e t o &a+or 'arties. .C/ T!e t o8'art, s,ste& !as contrib%ted si#ni"icantl, to t!e stabilit, o" t!e A&erican 'olitical str%ct%re. .3/ T!e &ass &edia tend to "avor an inde'endent or t!ird8'art, candidate over a candidate "ro& one o" t!e t o &a+or 'arties. .E/ T!e &ass &edia are relativel, %ni&'ortant in decidin# t!e o%tco&e o" &ost elections. 5. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent abovehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1A

.A/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" voters re#istered as inde'endents is !i#!er toda, t!an ever be"ore. .1/ In a recent 'residential ca&'ai#n9 "or t!e "irst ti&e ever9 an inde'endent candidate as invited to a''ear in a televised debate it! t!e &a+or8'art, candidates. .C/ Ever, c%rrent &e&ber o" t!e =.S. Senate as elected as t!e candidate o" one o" t!e t o &a+or 'arties. .3/ In a recent o'inion 'oll9 &ost voters stated t!at a candidates 'art, a""iliation as an insi#ni"icant "actor in +%d#in# !is or !er "itness "or o""ice. .E/ In t!e last "o%r ,ears9 t!e o%tco&e o" several state ide elections !as been deter&ined b, t!e stren#t! o" t!e t!ird8'art, vote. <. Fs,c!olo#ists cond%cted a series o" e('eri&ents to test t!e e""ect %'on sc!oolc!ildren o" violence in "il&s. In t!e "irst e('eri&ent9 #ra&&ar sc!ool c!ildren ere s!o n a "il& t!at incl%ded scenes o" a &ale teena#er en#a#in# in violent acts a#ainst ot!ers9 s%c! as '%nc!in#9 '%s!in#9 and kickin#. 3%rin# a "ree8 'la, session "ollo in# t!e "il& vie in#9 C5 'ercent o" t!e c!ildren ere observed to en#a#e in one or &ore violent acts si&ilar to t!ose in t!e "il&. In a second e('eri&ent9 a di""erent #ro%' o" c!ildren as s!o n a si&ilar "il& "eat%rin# a "e&ale teena#er. 7nl, 1C 'ercent o" t!e c!ildren ere observed be!avin# violentl, a"ter ard. T!e 's,c!olo#ists concl%ded t!at c!ildren are &ore likel, to i&itate violent be!avior on "il& !en a &ale &odel is s!o n t!an !en a "e&ale &odel is s!o n. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e 's,c!olo#ists concl%sion.A/ In bot! e('eri&ents9 t!e victi&s o" t!e "il&ed violence incl%ded bot! &ales and "e&ales. .1/ In t!e second e('eri&ent9 5B 'ercent o" t!e c!ildren a''eared %'set d%rin# t!e vie in# t!e violent "il& scenes. .C/ T!e "irst #ro%' incl%ded 1H &ale st%dents and 5I "e&ale st%dentsD t!e second #ro%' incl%ded 5I &ale st%dents and 51 "e&ale st%dents. .3/ In t!e "irst #ro%'9 @B 'ercent o" t!e c!ildren a''eared bored d%rin# t!e s!o in# o" t!e "il&9 and 15 'ercent "ell aslee'. .E/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" c!ildren kno n to !ave disci'line 'roble&s 'rior to t!e e('eri&ent as #reater in t!e "irst #ro%' t!an in t!e second #ro%'. C. Mainline Air a,s as bo%#!t b, its e&'lo,ees si( ,ears a#o. T!ree ,ears a#o9 Mainline !ired N%aliCo Advertisin# A#enc, to !andle its 'ro&otions and advertisin# division. Toda, Mainlines 'ro"its are over 5I 'ercent !i#!er t!an t!e, ere "ive ,ears a#o and 1I 'ercent !i#!er t!an t!e, ere t!ree ,ears a#o. E&'lo,ee o ners!i' and a #ood advertisin# a#enc, !ave co&bined to &ake Mainline &ore 'ro"itable.

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1B

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best describes t!e eak 'oint in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ It "ails to establis! a ca%sal connection bet een t!e c!an#e in o ners!i' at Mainline Air a,s and t!e !irin# o" N%aliCo9 on t!e one !and9 and t!e rise in Mainlines 'ro"its9 on t!e ot!er. .1/ It 'resents no evidence s!o in# t!at e&'lo,ee8o ned airlines are an, &ore 'ro"itable t!an ot!er airlines. .C/ It ass%&es t!at t!e 'ro"its o" Mainline Air a,s ill contin%e to rise. .3/ It #ives no e(act "i#%res "or t!e c%rrent 'ro"its o" Mainline Air a,s. .E/ It "ails to e('lain !o t!e 'ro"its o" Mainline Air a,s are calc%lated. @. At &an, colle#es toda,9 re#%lations !ave been i&'osed t!at "orbid t!e %se in s'eec! or 'rint o" lan#%a#e t!at >o""ends? or >ins%lts? t!e &e&bers o" an, #ro%'9 es'eciall, o&en and racial9 et!nic9 and reli#io%s &inorities. Alt!o%#! t!ese re#%lations are de"ended in t!e na&e o" >de&ocrac,9? t!e, restrict "reedo& o" s'eec! and t!e 'ress in a a, t!at o''oses t!e tr%e s'irit o" de&ocrac,. T!e ar#%&ent above atte&'ts to 'rove its case 'ri&aril, b, .A/ i&'%#nin# t!e credentials o" an o''onent .1/ 'rovidin# e(a&'les t!at s%''ort a t!eoretical 'rinci'le .C/ takin# advanta#e o" inconsistencies in t!e de"inition o" >de&ocrac,? .3/ revealin# a contradiction in an o''osin# 'oint o" vie .E/ a''ealin# to t!e 'atriotic "eelin#s o" its a%dience G. In 1HBI9 a 3anis! ten8Ore coin &inted in 1ACA as sold at a%ction "or LB9III. Eleanor 1i(b, o ns anot!er 3anis! ten8Ore coin &inted in 1ACA. 6!en s!e '%ts it on t!e &arket ne(t eek9 it ill "etc! a 'rice over L1B9III. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ Since 1HBI9 t!e avera#e 'rice "or rare coins !as increased b, over 1@I 'ercent. .1/ T!ere are onl, "o%r coins like t!e one in 0%estion in t!e entire orld. .C/ Since 1HBI9 t!e cons%&er 'rice inde( !as risen b, over 1@I 'ercent. .3/ In 1HBG9 a 'revio%sl, %nkno n cac!e o" one !%ndred coins +%st like t!e one in 0%estion as "o%nd. .E/ T!irt, 'ro&inent9 ealt!, coin collectors are e('ected to bid "or 1i(b,s coin. A. Merco !as been in b%siness lon#er t!an 2olen. Inc9 7lean Ind%stries as "o%nded ,ears be"ore t!e Fotter Co&'an,9 and t!e Fotter Co&'an, as started ,ears a"ter t!e N%arles Cor'oration. 2olen9 Inc.9 and t!e N%arles Cor'oration ere "o%nded in t!e sa&e ,ear. I" t!e in"or&ation above is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e-

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1H

.A/ 7lean Ind%stries !as been in b%siness "or &ore ,ears t!an Merco. .1/ 7lean Ind%stries !as been in b%siness "or &ore ,ears t!an t!e N%arles Cor'oration. .C/ 2olen9 Inc.9 !as not been in b%siness "or as &an, ,ears as 7lean Ind%stries. .3/ Merco !as been in b%siness "or &ore ,ears t!an t!e Fotter Co&'an,. .E/ 2olen9 Inc.9 !as not been in b%siness "or as &an, ,ears as t!e Fotter Co&'an,. B. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo A 'ri&ar, "actor in 'er'et%atin# t!e lo salaries o" o&en orkers !as been t!eir se#re#ation in t!e so8called 'ink8collar occ%'ations9 s%c! as n%rsin#9 teac!in#9 librar, science9 and secretarial ork. Fartl, beca%se t!ese +obs !ave traditionall, been !eld b, o&en9 t!eir salar, levels !ave been de'ressed9 and9 des'ite increased atte&'ts to %nioni)e t!ese orkers in recent ,ears9 t!eir 'a, contin%es to la#. Moreover9 alt!o%#! a lar#e 'ercenta#e o" o&en t!an ever be"ore are no enterin# and re&ainin# in t!e +ob &arket9 &ost contin%e to #ravitate to ard t!e 'ink8collar "ields9 des'ite t!e lo er salaries. It see&s clear9 t!ere"ore9 t!at i" t!e avera#e salaries o" o&en orkers are to a''roac! t!ose o" &en9 ;;;;;; .A/ labor %nions &%st redo%ble t!eir e""orts to i&'rove t!e lot o" orkin# o&en .1/ societ,s 'erce'tion o" 'ink8collar +obs as less i&'ortant and less de&andin# t!an ot!er +obs &%st be c!an#ed .C/ &ore &en &%st be enco%ra#ed to enter "ields traditionall, occ%'ied b, o&en .3/ t!e n%&ber o" +obs in t!e 'ink8collar "ields relative to t!e si)e o" t!e ork "orce as a !ole &%st be &arkedl, increased .E/ &ore o&en &%st enter occ%'ations ot!er t!an t!ose traditionall, reserved "or t!e& H. 3eter&inin# t!e a%t!enticit, o" '%r'orted 're8Col%&bian arti"acts is never eas,. Carbon81C datin# o" t!ese arti"acts is o"ten i&'ossible d%e to conta&ination b, radioactive 'alladi%& . !ic! occ%rs nat%rall, in t!e soils o" Central and So%t! A&erica/. :o ever9 !istorians and ant!ro'olo#ists !ave evolved t o reliable criteria9 !ic!9 %tili)ed in co&bination9 !ave 'roven e""ective "or datin# t!ese arti"acts. $irst9 beca%se a%t!entic 're8Col%&bian arti"acts c!aracteristicall, occ%r in a coarse9 #ran%lar &atri( t!at is s!i"ted b, &a+or eart!0%akes9 t!e, o"ten e(!ibit t!e %ni0%e scratc! 'atterns kno n as gridding. In addition9 tr%e 're8 Col%&bian arti"acts s!o a darkenin# in s%r"ace color t!at is ca%sed b, cent%ries o" e('os%re to t!e &in%te a&o%nts o" &a#nesi%& in t!e soil o" t!e A&ericas. T!e criteria above o%ld be LEAST %se"%l in +%d#in# t!e a%t!enticit, o" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5I

.A/ An a( !ead o" black obsidian9 %neart!ed "ro& a kitc!en &idden .1/ A 'otter, bo l it! a red oc!er desi#n9 "o%nd in t!e r%ins o" a te&'le .C/ A set o" #old ear ei#!ts9 orna&ented it! +as'er 'endants .3/ A black "eat!er ca'e "ro& a kin#s b%rial va%lt .E/ A &%lticolored oven sas! "o%nd near t!e #ravesite o" a slave Questions 10-11 are based on the following. $ro& ti&e to ti&e9 t!e 'ress ind%l#es in o%tb%rsts o" indi#nation over t!e %se o" "alse or &isleadin# in"or&ation b, t!e =.S. #overn&ent in s%''ort o" its 'olicies and 'ro#ra&s. 2o one endorses needless dece'tion. 1%t consider t!is !istorical analo#,. It is kno n t!at C!risto'!er Col%&b%s9 on !is "irst vo,a#e to t!e 2e 6orld9 deliberatel, "alsi"ied t!e lo# to s!o a s!orter sailin# distance "or eac! da, o%t t!an t!e s!i's !ad act%all, traveled. In t!is a,9 Col%&b%s as able to convince !is ske'tical sailors t!at t!e, !ad not sailed 'ast t!e 'oint at !ic! t!e, e('ected to "ind t!e s!ores o" India. 6it!o%t t!is dece'tion9 Col%&b%ss sailors &i#!t ell !ave &%tinied9 and t!e 2e 6orld &i#!t never !ave been discovered. 1I. T!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e above ass%&es eac! o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ Govern&ent dece'tion o" t!e 'ress is o"ten &otivated b, ort!, ob+ectives. .1/ 6it!o%t #overn&ent dece'tion9 'o'%lar s%''ort "or ort! !ile #overn&ent 'olicies and 'ro#ra&s &i#!t ell "ade. .C/ Attacks on t!e #overn&ent b, t!e 'ress are o"ten 'oliticall, &otivated. .3/ 3ece'tion "or dece'tions sake s!o%ld not be condoned. .E/ A #reater #ood &a, so&eti&es re0%ire acce'tance o" a lesser evil. 11. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ain eakness o" t!e !istorical analo#, dra n in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ T!e sailors in Col%&b%ss cre never kne t!at t!e, !ad been deceived9 !ile #overn&ent dece'tion is #enerall, %ncovered b, t!e 'ress. .1/ A s!i's lo# is a record intended &ainl, "or %se b, t!e ca'tain9 !ile 'ress re'orts are #enerall, disse&inated "or %se b, t!e '%blic at lar#e. .C/ T!e &e&bers o" a s!i's cre are selected b, t!e ca'tain o" t!e s!i'9 !ile t!ose !o ork in t!e 'ress are sel"8selected. .3/ T!e cre o" a s!i' is res'onsible "or t!e s%ccess o" a vo,a#e9 !ile t!e 'ress is not res'onsible "or t!e %se ot!ers &ake o" t!e "act%al in"or&ation it '%blis!es. .E/ In a de&ocrac,9 t!e 'eo'le are e('ected to 'artici'ate in t!e nations 'olitical decision &akin#9 !ile t!e &e&bers o" a s!i's cre are e('ected si&'l, to obe, t!e orders o" t!e ca'tain. 15. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo Monarc! b%tter"lies9 !ose avera#e li"e s'an is nine &ont!s9 &i#rate "ro& t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

51

&id estern =nited States to selected "orests o%tside Me(ico Cit,. It takes at least t!ree #enerations o" &onarc!s to &ake t!e +o%rne,9 so t!e #reat8#reat8 #randc!ildren !o "inall, arrive in t!e Me(ican "orests !ave never been t!ere be"ore. *et t!e, ret%rn to t!e sa&e trees t!eir "orebears le"t. Scientists t!eori)e t!at &onarc!s9 like !o&in# 'i#eons9 &a' t!eir ro%tes accordin# to t!e eart!s electro&a#netic "ields. As a "irst ste' in testin# t!is t!eor,9 le'ido'terists 'lan to install a lo 8volta#e trans&itter inside one #rove o" >b%tter"l, trees? in t!e Me(ican "orests. I" t!e b%tter"lies are eit!er es'eciall, attracted to t!e #rove it! t!e trans&itter or es'eciall, re'elled b, it9 le'ido'terists ill !ave evidence t!at;;;;;; .A/ &onarc! b%tter"lies !ave brains9 !o ever &in%sc%le .1/ &onarc! b%tter"lies are sensitive to electricit, .C/ lo 8volta#e electricit, can a""ect b%tter"lies9 !et!er 'ositivel, or adversel, .3/ &onarc!s &a' t!eir ro%tes accordin# to t!e eart!s electro&a#netic "ields .E/ &onarc!s co&&%nicate in inter#enerationall, via electro&a#netic "ields 1<. In #eneral9 a 'ro"essional at!lete is o""ered a &illion8dollar contract onl, i" !e or s!e !as +%st co&'leted an %n%s%all, s%ccess"%l season. :o ever9 a st%d, s!o s t!at an at!lete si#nin# s%c! a contract %s%all, s%""ers a decline in 'er"or&ance t!e "ollo in# season. T!is st%d, s%''orts t!e t!eor, t!at a &illion8dollar contract tends to eaken an at!letes desire to e(cel b, di&inis!in# !is or !er econo&ic incentive. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ 7n t!e avera#e9 at!letes !ose contracts call "or relativel, s&all salaries it! 'ossible bon%ses "or o%tstandin# ac!ieve&ent 'er"or& better t!an ot!er at!letes. .1/ At!letes are #enerall, o""ered &illion8dollar contracts &ainl, beca%se o" t!e increased ticket sales and ot!er reven%es t!e, #enerate. .C/ Man, 'ro"essional at!letes !ave careers &arked b, ,ear8to8,ear "l%ct%ations in t!eir overall levels o" 'er"or&ance. .3/ 7n t!e avera#e9 !i#!er8salaried at!letes tend to !ave lon#er and &ore s%ccess"%l 'ro"essional careers t!an do lo er8salaried at!letes. .E/ Si( o" t!e ten leadin# batters in t!e 2ational Lea#%e t!is season si#ned &illion8dollar contracts d%rin# t!e o""8season. 1C. 3r. A: T!e ne in"l%en)a vaccine is %seless at best and 'ossibl, dan#ero%s. I o%ld never %se it on a 'atient. 3r. 1: 1%t t!ree st%dies '%blis!ed in t!e "ournal of #edi$al %sso$iates !ave rated t!at vaccine as %n%s%all, e""ective. 3r. A: T!e st%dies &%st !ave been "a%lt, beca%se t!e vaccine is ort!less. In !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!at o" 3r. Ahttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55

.A/ T!ree o" &, 'atients !ave been !ar&ed b, t!at vaccine d%rin# t!e 'ast t!ree eeks9 so t!e vaccine is %nsa"e. .1/ Jerrold Jerse, reco&&ends t!is &ilk9 and I dont tr%st Jerrold Jerse,9 so I ont b%, t!is &ilk. .C/ 6in#)) tennis balls 'er"or& best beca%se t!e, are "ar &ore e""ective t!an an, ot!er tennis balls. .3/ I& b%,in# 4i& 4ita&ins. 3octors reco&&end t!e& &ore o"ten t!an t!e, reco&&end an, ot!er vita&ins9 so 4i& 4ita&ins &%st be #ood. .E/ Since =niversit, o" M%ldoon #rad%ates score abo%t 5I 'ercent !i#!er t!an avera#e on t!e GMAT9 S!eila Lee9 a =niversit, o" M%ldoon #rad%ate9 ill score abo%t 5I 'ercent !i#!er t!an avera#e !en s!e takes t!e GMAT. 1@. 1ill: S&oke8detectin# "ire alar&s can save lives. I believe t!at ever, a'art&ent in t!is cit, s!o%ld be re0%ired b, la to be e0%i''ed it! a s&oke detector. Joe: I disa#ree it! ,o%r 'ro'osal. S&oke detectors are +%st as i&'ortant "or sa"et, in 'rivate !o%ses as t!e, are in a'art&ent. $ro& t!is e(c!an#e9 it can be in"erred t!at Joe !as inter'reted 1ills state&ent to &ean t!at .A/ t!e cit, s!o%ld be res'onsible "or 'rovidin# s&oke detectors "or a'art&ents .1/ residences o%tside t!e cit, s!o%ld not be e0%i''ed it! s&oke detectors .C/ onl, a'art&ents s!o%ld be e0%i''ed it! s&oke detectors .3/ t!e risk o" "ire is not as #reat in 'rivate !o%ses as it is in a'art&ents .E/ t!e rate o" deat! b, "ire is %n%s%all, !i#! in t!e cit, in 0%estion 1G. In 1HBG9 t!e cit, o" Los 3iablos !ad 5I da,s on !ic! air 'oll%tion reac!ed %n!ealt!"%l a&o%nts and a s&o# alert as '%t into e""ect. In earl, 1HBA9 ne air 'oll%tion control &eas%res ere enacted9 b%t t!e cit, !ad s&o# alerts on <1 da,s t!at ,ear and on <H da,s t!e "ollo in# ,ear. In 1HBH9 !o ever9 t!e n%&ber o" s&o# alerts in Los 3iablos dro''ed to si(teen. T!e &ain air 'oll%tants in Los 3iablos are o)one and carbon &ono(ide9 and since 1HBG t!e levels o" bot! !ave been &onitored b, #as s'ectro#ra'!,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 ass%&in# t!at eac! is tr%e9 o%ld be LEAST !el'"%l in e('lainin# t!e air 'oll%tion levels in Los 3iablos bet een 1HBG and 1HBH.A/ T!e 1HBA air 'oll%tion control &eas%res enacted in Los 3iablos ere '%t into e""ect in 2ove&ber o" 1HBB. .1/ In 3ece&ber o" 1HBB a ne and "ar &ore acc%rate #as s'ectro&eter as invented. .C/ In $ebr%ar, o" 1HBH9 t!e Foll%tion Control 1oard o" Los 3iablos revised t!e scale %sed to deter&ine t!e a&o%nt o" air 'oll%tion considered %n!ealt!"%l. .3/ In 1HBB t!e &a,or o" Los 3iablos as "o%nd to !ave acce'ted lar#e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<

ca&'ai#n donations "ro& local ind%stries and to !ave e(e&'ted t!ose sa&e ind%stries "ro& air 'oll%tion control &eas%res. .E/ E(cess o)one and carbon &ono(ide re0%ire a &ini&%& o" t o ,ears to break do n nat%rall, in t!e at&os'!ere above a #iven area. 1A. In a &arketin# st%d,9 cons%&ers ere #iven t o %nlabeled cartons o" la%ndr, deter#ent. 7ne carton as bri#!t #reen and ,ello D t!e ot!er as drab bro n and #ra,. A"ter %sin# t!e deter#ent in t!e t o cartons "or one &ont!9 B< 'ercent o" t!e cons%&ers in t!e st%d, re'orted t!at t!e deter#ent in t!e bri#!t #reen and ,ello carton cleaned better. T!is st%d, s!o s t!at 'acka#in# !as a si#ni"icant i&'act on cons%&ers +%d#&ent o" t!e e""ectiveness o" a la%ndr, deter#ent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion dra n in t!e &arketin# st%d,.A/ T!e deter#ent in t!e bri#!t carton contained bleac! cr,stalsD t!e deter#ent in t!e drab carton did not. .1/ T!e deter#ents in t!e t o cartons ere t!e sa&e. .C/ T!e deter#ents in t!e t o cartons ere di""erent9 b%t t!e, !ad bot! been laborator, tested. .3/ T!e deter#ent in t!e drab carton as a 'o'%lar na&e brandD t!e deter#ent in t!e bri#!t carton as #eneric. .E/ T!e deter#ent in t!e drab carton as #enericD t!e deter#ent in t!e bri#!t carton as a 'o'%lar na&e brand. 1B. 3ons9 a c!ain o" s%'er&arkets9 !as entered into an a#ree&ent in !ic! Rose Co&'%ters ill sell 3ons an %nli&ited n%&ber o" its least e('ensive FCs at one8 "o%rt! t!e re#%lar !olesale 'rice. In ret%rn9 3ons !as a#reed to '%rc!ase all o" its scanners and ot!er electronic in"or&ation8'rocessin# e0%i'&ent "ro& Rose or "ro& 7&icron9 Rose Co&'%ters 'arent co&'an,9 "or t!e ne(t ten ,ears. 3ons ill o""er a Rose FC "ree to an, sc!ool t!at t%rns in 3ons re#ister recei'ts totalin# L1II9III it!in t!e ne(t si( &ont!s. T!e vice8'resident in c!ar#e o" advertisin# "or 3ons e('ects t!at t!e co&'%ter #ivea a, ill obviate t!e need "or a &assive ne advertisin# ca&'ai#n "or t!e ne(t si( &ont!s and t!at 3ons can &ake %' t!e e('endit%res "or t!e FCs b, ritin# t!e& o"" its inco&e ta(es as c!aritable donations. T!e 'lans "or&%lated b, 3ons ass%&e eac! o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ T!e 'rices t!at Rose or 7&icron c!ar#es 3ons "or in"or&ation8'rocessin# e0%i'&ent over t!e ne(t ten ,ears ill be lo er t!an t!ose c!ar#ed b, ot!er co&'anies. .1/ T!e ta( la s ill not be c!an#ed to e(cl%de or lessen t!e val%e o" c!aritable donations as ta( rite8o""s. .C/ Sc!ools ill be s%""icientl, attracted b, 3ons co&'%ter #ivea a, o""er t!at teac!ers ill %r#e st%dents to s!o' at 3ons. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5C

.3/ Rose ill be able to s%''l, 3ons it! a s%""icient n%&ber o" FCs to &eet t!e de&and #enerated b, sc!ools t!at collect 3ons recei'ts totalin# L1II9III. .E/ T!e e""ect o" t!e co&'%ter #ivea a, o""er on 3ons b%siness ill be co&'arable to t!at o" a &a+or advertisin# ca&'ai#n. 1H. Man%"act%rers o" !o%se!old a''liances are still %r#in# t!e '%blic to '%rc!ase "ood 'rocessors. T!e vario%s &an%"act%rers advertise&ents all 'oint o%t t!at t!e 'rices o" t!ese a''liances are no lo er t!an ever and t!at eac! "ood 'rocessor co&es it! a li"eti&e service arrant,. In addition9 &an, &an%"act%rers o""er si)able rebates to c%sto&ers !o '%rc!ase "ood 'rocessors it!in a #iven ti&e 'eriod. 6it! t!ese incentives9 t!e advertise&ents contend9 'eo'le can !ardl, a""ord not to '%rc!ase "ood 'rocessors. 6!ic! ans er c!oice is a lo#icall, 'rior iss%e t!at t!e &an%"act%rers advertise&ents "ail to address.A/ 6!et!er t!e cost o" re'airs to t!e "ood 'rocessors over t!e ,ears ill cancel o%t t!e savin#s c%rrentl, bein# o""ered .1/ 6!et!er 'otential c%sto&ers !ave eno%#! %ses "or "ood 'rocessors to +%sti", '%rc!asin# t!e& .C/ 6!et!er t!e !eads o" t!e co&'anies &an%"act%rin# "ood 'rocessors o n "ood 'rocessors t!e&selves .3/ 6!et!er t!e "ood 'rocessors c%rrentl, bein# advertised ill be o%tdated it!in t!e ne(t "ive ,ears .E/ 6!et!er accessories and re'lace&ent 'arts ill be readil, available at retail o%tlets 5I. Since t!e invention o" di#ital reado%t9 &ac!ine desi#ners !ave r%s!ed to re'lace conventional dials and #a%#es it! di#ital %nits. *et t!e di#ital #a%#e !as dra backs in so&e sit%ations. Since it 'resents an e(act n%&eric val%e9 it &%st be decoded and anal,)ed b, a !%&an o'eratorD its &eanin# cannot be read in an instantaneo%s scannin#. An analo# dial or #a%#e can be &arked it! red to alert t!e o'erator !en a val%e is enterin# a dan#er )oneD a di#ital #a%#e cannot. And it is di""ic%lt to tell !et!er a di#ital reado%t is increasin# or decreasin# over ti&e9 !ile t!e %' or do n &ove&ent o" a 'ointer on an analo# #a%#e can be 0%ickl, and easil, observed. T!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e above o%ld 'robabl, reco&&end t!e %se o" di#ital #a%#e in cases !en I. II. arnin# o" a s%dden rise or "all in val%e is needed an o'erator &%st read and inter'ret several #a%#es it!in a "e seconds

III. a 'recise n%&eric val%e is essential .A/ I onl, .1/ III onl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5@

.C/ I and III onl, .3/ II and III onl, .E/ I9 II9 and III TEST 3 Time 30 minutes 20 Questions 1. Contrar, to t!e state&ents o" labor leaders9 t!e central econo&ic 'roble& "acin# A&erica toda, is not t!e distrib%tion o" ealt!. It is 'rod%ctivit,. 6it! t!e 'rod%ctivit, o" =.S. ind%str, sta#nant9 or even declinin# sli#!tl,9 t!e econo&ic 'ie is no lon#er #ro in#. Labor leaders9 o" co%rse9 'oint to !at t!e, consider an %n"air distrib%tion o" t!e slices o" 'ie to +%sti", t!eir de&ands "or "%rt!er increases in a#es and bene"its. And in t!e 'ast9 !en t!e 'ie as still #ro in#9 &ana#e&ent co%ld a""ord to ac0%iesce. 2o lon#er. =ntil 'rod%ctivit, res%&es its #ro t!9 t!ere can be no +%sti"ication "or "%rt!er increases in t!e co&'ensation o" orkers. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents b, a labor leader "oc%ses on t!e lo#ical eakness in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Alt!o%#! t!e econo&ic 'ie is no lon#er #ro in#9 t!e 'ortion o" t!e 'ie allocated to A&erican orkers re&ains %n+%stl, s&all. .1/ I" &ana#e&ent "ails to acco&&odate t!e de&ands o" orkers9 labor leaders ill be "orced to call strikes t!at ill cri''le t!e o'eration o" ind%str,. .C/ Alt!o%#! 'rod%ctivit, is sta#nant9 t!e =.S. 'o'%lation is #ro in#9 so t!at t!e absol%te si)e o" t!e econo&ic 'ie contin%es to #ro as ell. .3/ As a labor leader9 I can be concerned onl, it! t!e needs o" orkin# 'eo'le9 not it! t!e 'roble&s "aced b, &ana#e&ent. .E/ T!e sta#nation o" =.S. ind%str, !as been ca%sed lar#el, b, "actorsKs%c! as "orei#n co&'etitionKbe,ond t!e control o" A&erican orkers. 5. $re%ds t!eories o" t!e orkin#s o" t!e &ind9 !ile brilliant "or t!eir da,9 ere "or&%lated be"ore &ost o" t!is cent%r,s #reat advances in ne%ro'!,siolo#, and bioc!e&istr,. Toda,9 e !ave a "ar dee'er %nderstandin# o" t!e biolo#ical co&'onents o" t!o%#!t9 e&otion9 and be!avior t!an as drea&ed o" ei#!t, ,ears a#o. It o%ld be "oolis! to contin%e 'arrotin# $re%ds 's,c!olo#ical t!eories as i" t!ese advances !ad never occ%rred. It can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e above t!at t!e a%t!or o%ld be &ost likel, to "avor .A/ t!e abandon&ent o" &ost o" $re%ds t!eories .1/ a #reater reliance on biolo#ical rat!er t!an 's,c!olo#ical e('lanations o" be!avior .C/ a critical ree(a&ination o" $re%ds 'lace in t!e !istor, o" 's,c!olo#, .3/ a ree(a&ination o" $re%ds t!eories in t!e li#!t o" conte&'orar, biolo#,

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5G

.E/ increased "inancial s%''ort "or st%dies in ne%ro'!,siolo#, and bioc!e&istr, <. To avoid a !ostile takeover atte&'t9 t!e board o" directors o" 6ellco9 Inc.9 a 'rovider o" li"e and !ealt! ins%rance9 'lanned to take o%t lar#e loans and %se t!e& to '%rc!ase a '%blis!in# co&'an,9 a c!ocolate "actor,9 and a nation ide c!ain o" &ovie t!eaters. T!e directors antici'ated t!at t!ese '%rc!ase initiall, o%ld 'l%n#e t!e cor'oration dee' into debt9 renderin# it %nattractive to t!ose !o anted to take it over9 b%t t!at steadil, risin# ins%rance rates o%ld allo t!e co&'an, to 'a, o"" t!e debt it!in "ive ,ears. Mean !ile9 reven%es "ro& t!e t!ree ne b%sinesses o%ld enable t!e cor'oration as a !ole to contin%e to &eet its increased o'eratin# e('enses. =lti&atel,9 accordin# o t!e directors 'lan9 t!e diversi"ication o%ld stren#t!en t!e cor'oration b, var,in# t!e so%rces and sc!ed%les o" its ann%al reven%es. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 ass%&in# t!at all are e0%all, 'ossible9 o%ld &ost en!ance t!e c!ances o" t!e 'lans s%ccess.A/ A ides'read dro%#!t decreases t!e availabilit, o" cacao beans9 "ro& !ic! c!ocolate is &an%"act%re9 divin# %' c!ocolate 'rices orld ide. .1/ 2e #overn&ent re#%lations re0%ire a <I 'ercent across8t!e8board rate rollback o" all ins%rance co&'anies9 to be#in i&&ediatel, and to be co&'leted it!in a "ive8,ear 'eriod. .C/ Con#ress enacts a stat%te9 e""ective a"ter si( &ont!s9 &akin# it ille#al "or an, 'arent not to carr, !ealt! ins%rance covera#e "or !is or !er c!ild. .3/ Lar#e8screen televisions dro' dra&aticall, in 'rice d%e to s%r'rise alterations in trade barriers it! Ja'anD &ovie t!eater attendance d indles as a conse0%ence. .E/ A ne 9 ine('ensive 'rocess is discovered "or &akin# 'a'er '%l'9 and 'a'er 'rices "all to GI 'ercent o" t!eir "or&er level. C. In 1HB19 "or t!e "irst ti&e in over t o decades9 t!e avera#e scores o" !i#! sc!ool st%dents on standardi)ed &at! and En#lis! tests did not decline. 3%rin# t!e sa&e ,ear9 &illions o" A&erican st%dents en+o,ed t!eir "irst e('os%re to t!e ne orld o" t!e &icroco&'%ter9 !et!er in sc!ools9 video arcades9 or ot!er settin#s. T!e concl%sion is clear: "ar "ro& st%lti",in# t!e intellect%al ca'acities o" st%dents9 e('os%re to co&'%ters can act%all, en!ance t!e&. T!e &ost serio%s eakness o" t!e ar#%&ent above is its "ail%re to .A/ disc%ss t!e %nderl,in# ca%ses o" t!e t ent,8,ear decline in st%dents test scores .1/ cite s'eci"ic "i#%res doc%&entin# t!e increases in test scores .C/ distin#%is! a&on# t!e vario%s t,'es o" co&'%ter bein# %sed b, !i#! sc!ool st%dents .3/ de"ine t!e intellect%al ca'acities tested b, t!e standardi)ed &at! and En#lis! tests re"erred to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5A

.E/ e('lain e(actl, !o !i#! sc!ool st%dents abilities on &at! and En#lis! tests co%ld !ave been en!anced b, e('os%re to co&'%ters Questions 5-& are based on the following. Alt!o%#! its '%r'ose is la%dable9 t!e e(cl%sionar, r%le9 !ic! "orbids a co%rt to consider evidence sei)ed in violation o" t!e de"endants constit%tional ri#!ts9 !as %nd%l, !a&'ered la 8en"orce&ent e""orts. Even !en t!e ri#!ts violation as a &inor or '%rel, tec!nical one9 t%rnin# on a detail o" 'roced%re rat!er t!an on t!e abro#ation o" so&e "%nda&ental libert,9 and even !en it !as been clear t!at t!e 'olice o""icers ere actin# in #ood "ait!9 t!e evidence obtained !as been considered tainted %nder t!is r%le and &a, not even b, introd%ced. In conse0%ence9 de"endants !o ere %ndo%btedl, #%ilt, !ave been set "ree9 'er!a's to steal9 ra'e9 or &%rder a#ain. @. T!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e above ass%&es all o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ T!e constit%tional ri#!ts o" cri&inal de"endants s!o%ld be 'rotected. .1/ Most cases in !ic! t!e e(cl%sionar, r%le !as been invoked !ave involved '%rel, tec!nical violations o" constit%tional 'rinci'les. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" cases !ose o%tco&e !as been a""ected b, t!e e(cl%sionar, r%le is si#ni"icant. .3/ So&e o" t!e de"endants set "ree %nder t!e e(cl%sionar, r%le !ave been #%ilt, o" serio%s cri&inal o""enses. .E/ Merel, tec!nical violations o" t!e r%les concernin# evidence s!o%ld be treated di""erentl, "ro& deliberate assa%lts %'on !%&an ri#!ts. G. It can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e t!at t!e a%t!or o%ld &ost likel, endorse !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'ro'osals.A/ C!an#e o" t!e e(cl%sionar, r%le to ad&it evidence obtained b, 'olice o""icers actin# in #ood "ait! .1/ A constit%tional a&end&ent c%rtailin# so&e o" t!e 'rotections traditionall, a""orded t!ose acc%sed o" a cri&e .C/ A stat%te li&itin# t!e a''lication o" t!e e(cl%sionar, r%le to cases involvin# &inor cri&inal o""enses .3/ C!an#e o" t!e e(cl%sionar, r%le to allo an, evidence9 no &atter !o obtained9 to be introd%ced in co%rt .E/ A constit%tional a&end&ent allo in# 'olice o""icers to obtain vital evidence b, an, &eans necessar, !en in '%rs%it o" a kno n cri&inal A. T!e 'ostal service is badl, &is&ana#ed. $ort, ,ears a#o9 "irst8class letter deliver, cost onl, t!ree cents. Since t!en9 t!e 'rice !as increased nearl, ten"old9 it! an act%al decrease in t!e s'eed and reliabilit, o" service. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld tend to eaken t!e ar#%&ent above EECEFT: http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5B

.A/ T!e vol%&e o" &ail !andled b, t!e 'ostal service !as increased dra&aticall, over t!e last "ort, ,ears. .1/ =n'recedented increases in t!e cost o" "%el "or tr%cks and 'lanes !ave '%t severe %' ard 'ress%res on 'ostal deliver, costs. .C/ Frivate deliver, services %s%all, c!ar#e &ore t!an does t!e 'ostal service "or co&'arable deliver, c!ar#es. .3/ T!e avera#e deliver, ti&e "or a "irst8class letter "o%r decades a#o as act%all, sli#!tl, lon#er t!an it is toda,. .E/ T!e avera#e level o" cons%&er 'rices overall !as increased &ore t!an <II 'ercent over t!e last "ort, ,ears. B. 6!en t!e #overn&ent o" a nation anno%nced recentl, t!at a leader o" t!e nations 'olitical o''osition !ad died o" a &,sterio%s illness in 'rison9 "e seasoned observers o" t!e re#i&e ere s%r'rised. As t!e 'olice ca'tain in an old &ovie re&arked !en asked abo%t t!e condition o" a 'risoner9 >6ere tr,in# to decide !et!er !e co&&itted s%icide or died tr,in# to esca'e.? T!e state&ents above invite !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ T!e o''osition leader as 'robabl, killed tr,in# to esca'e "ro& 'rison. .1/ T!e o''osition leader &a, not be dead at all. .C/ It is %nlikel, t!at t!e !ead o" t!e re#i&e kno s t!e tr%e ca%se o" t!e o''osition leaders deat!. .3/ T!e o''osition leader 'robabl, killed !i&sel". .E/ T!e re#i&e ver, likel, as res'onsible "or t!e deat! o" t!e o''osition leader. Questions 9-10 are based on the following. In t!e ind%striali)ed nations9 t!e last cent%r, !as itnessed a s!ortenin# o" t!e avera#e orkda, "ro& t elve !o%rs or lon#er to less t!an ei#!t !o%rs. Mind"%l o" t!is enor&o%s increase in leis%re ti&e over t!e 'ast cent%r,9 &an, 'eo'le ass%&e t!at t!e sa&e trend !as obtained t!ro%#!o%t !istor,9 and t!at9 t!ere"ore9 're!istoric !%&ans &%st !ave labored incessantl, "or t!eir ver, s%rvival. 6e cannot9 o" co%rse9 directl, test t!is ass%&'tion. :o ever9 a st%d, o" 'ri&itive 'eo'les o" toda, s%##ests a di""erent concl%sion. T!e Mb%ti o" central A"rica9 "or instance9 s'end onl, a "e !o%rs eac! da, in !%ntin#9 #at!erin#9 and tendin# to ot!er econo&ic necessities. T!e rest o" t!eir ti&e is s'ent as t!e, c!oose. T!e i&'lication is t!at t!e s!ort orkda, is not 'ec%liar to ind%striali)ed societies. Rat!er9 bot! t!e e(tended orkda, o" 1BBI and t!e s!orter orkda, o" toda, are 'rod%cts o" di""erent sta#es o" t!e contin%in# 'rocess o" ind%striali)ation. H. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# in"erences abo%t ind%striali)ation is best s%''orted b, t!e 'assa#e above.A/ Feo'le in advanced ind%striali)ed societies !ave &ore leis%re ti&e t!an t!ose in nonind%striali)ed societies. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5H

.1/ An avera#e orkda, o" t elve !o%rs or &ore is 'ec%liar to econo&ies in t!e earl, sta#es o" ind%striali)ation. .C/ Ind%striali)ation involves a trade8o"" bet een tedio%s9 &onotono%s +obs and t!e bene"its o" increased leis%re. .3/ It is likel, t!at t!e e(tended orkda, o" an ind%striali)in# co%ntr, ill event%all, be s!ortened. .E/ As ind%striali)ation 'ro#resses9 'eo'le tend to look "or sel"8"%l"ill&ent in leis%re rat!er t!an ork. 1I. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost #reatl, stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent &ade in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ In recent decades9 t!e econo&, o" t!e Mb%ti !as been &arkedl, a""ected b, t!e encroac!&ent o" &odern civili)ation. .1/ T!e li"e8st,le o" t!e Mb%ti is si&ilar to t!at o" 're!istoric !%&ans. .C/ T!e Mb%ti !ave no ords in t!eir lan#%a#e to e('ress t!e distinction bet een ork activities and leis%re activities. .3/ T!e orkda, o" a E%ro'ean 'easant in &edieval ti&es avera#ed bet een eleven and "i"teen !o%rs. .E/ T!e &e&bers o" t!e S!aklik tribe in central Asia !ave an avera#e orkda, o" ten to t elve !o%rs. 11. Gloria: T!ose !o advocate t%ition ta( credits "or 'arents !ose c!ildren attend 'rivate sc!ools &aintain t!at 'eo'le &akin# no %se o" a #overn&ent service s!o%ld not be "orced to 'a, "or it. *et t!ose !o c!oose to b%, bottled ater rat!er t!an drink ater "ro& t!e local s%''l, are not t!ere"ore e(e&'t "ro& 'a,in# ta(es to &aintain t!e local ater s%''l,. Ro#er: *o%r ar#%&ent is illo#ical. C!ildren are re0%ired b, la to attend sc!ool. Since sc!ool attendance is a &atter not o" c!oice9 b%t o" le#al re0%ire&ent9 it is %n"air "or t!e #overn&ent to "orce so&e 'arents to 'a, "or it t ice. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# res'onses b, Gloria o%ld best re"%te Ro#ers c!ar#e t!at !er ar#%&ent is illo#ical.A/ Alt!o%#! drinkin# ater is not re0%ired b, la 9 it is necessar, "or all 'eo'le9 and t!ere"ore &, analo#, is a''ro'riate. .1/ T!ose !o can a""ord t!e t%ition at a !i#!8'riced 'rivate sc!ool can ell bear t!e sa&e ta( b%rden as t!ose !ose c!ildren attend '%blic sc!ools. .C/ I" t%ition ta( credits are #ranted9 t!e ta( b%rden on 'arents !o c!oose '%blic sc!ools ill rise to an intolerable level. .3/ T!e la does not sa, t!at 'arents &%st send t!eir c!ildren to 'rivate sc!ools9 onl, t!at t!e c!ildren &%st attend so&e kind o" sc!ool9 !et!er '%blic or 'rivate. .E/ 1ot! bottled ater and 'rivate sc!ools are l%(%r, ite&s9 and it is %n"air t!at so&e citi)ens s!o%ld be able to a""ord t!e& !ile ot!ers cannot. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<I

Questions 1!-13 are based on the following. Since t!e 'assa#e o" t!e states Clean Air Act ten ,ears a#o9 t!e level o" ind%strial 'oll%tants in t!e air !as "allen b, an avera#e o" 1B 'ercent. T!is s%##ests t!at t!e restrictions on ind%str, e&bodied in t!e act !ave orked e""ectivel,. :o ever9 d%rin# t!e sa&e 'eriod t!e state !as also s%""ered t!ro%#! a 'eriod o" econo&ic decline. T!e n%&ber o" b%sinesses in t!e state !as "allen b, 1I 'ercent9 and t!e n%&ber o" orkers e&'lo,ed !as "allen b, 15 'ercent. It is 'robable t!at t!e b%siness decline9 rat!er t!an t!e re#%lations in t!e act9 is res'onsible "or at least !al" o" t!e decline in t!e 'oll%tion. 15. 6!ic! o" "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ Most b%sinesses in t!e state !ave obe,ed t!e re#%lations e&bodied in t!e Clean Air Act. .1/ T!e econo&ic decline o" t!e state can be attrib%ted9 in 'art9 to t!e e""ects o" t!e Clean Air Act. .C/ T!e a&o%nt o" air 'oll%tion in a #iven area is likel, to be 'ro'ortional to t!e n%&ber o" b%sinesses and orkers active in t!at area. .3/ T!e restrictions on b%siness activit, in ot!er states are less strin#ent t!an are t!ose e&bodied in t!e Clean Air Act. .E/ T!e Clean Air Act !as been onl, ver, sli#!tl, s%ccess"%l in ac!ievin# t!e #oal o" red%ced air 'oll%tion. 1<. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion dra n in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ 3%rin# t!e last ten ,ears9 econo&ic conditions in t!e nation as a !ole !ave been orse t!an t!ose it!in t!e state. .1/ A&end&ents to t!e Clean Air Act t!at ere enacted si( ,ears a#o !ave s%bstantiall, stren#t!ened its restrictions on ind%strial air 'oll%tion. .C/ 7" t!e b%sinesses t!at ceased o'eratin# in t!e state d%rin# t!e last ten ,ears9 onl, @ 'ercent ere en#a#ed in air8'oll%tin# ind%stries. .3/ Several lar#e cor'orations le"t t!e state d%rin# t!e last ten ,ears 'artl, in order to avoid co&'liance it! t!e Clean Air Act. .E/ 3%e to its s&all b%d#et9 t!e state o""ice c!ar#ed it! en"orce&ent o" t!e Clean Air Act !as 'rosec%ted onl, t o violators o" t!e la since its 'assa#e. 1C. A n%tritionist st%d,in# t!e e""ects o" &assive doses o" vita&in C "o%nd t!at o" a #ro%' o" GII 'eo'le !o re#%larl, took 19@II &# o" vita&in C dail, "or a ,ear9 "e er t!an H 'ercent s%""ered serio%s cases o" "l%D o" a #ro%' o" GII 'eo'le !o took 5@I &# o" vita&in C .t!e standard reco&&ended dail, allo ance/ dail, "or a ,ear9 <C 'ercent s%""ered at least one serio%s case o" "l%D and o" a #ro%' o" GII 'eo'le !o took no vita&in C "or a ,ear .ot!er t!an t!at "o%nd in t!e "oods in a balanced diet/9 <5 'ercent s%""ered at least one serio%s case o" "l%. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses is best s%''orted b, t!e evidence abovehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<1

.A/ T!e e""ectiveness o" vita&in C in 'reventin# serio%s cases o" "l% increases in direct 'ro'ortion to t!e a&o%nt o" vita&in C taken. .1/ 4ita&in C is !el'"%l in 'reventin# disease. .C/ 3oses o" vita&in C t!at e(ceed t!e standard reco&&ended dail, allo ance b, @II 'ercent ill red%ce t!e incidence o" serio%s cases o" "l% b, 5@ 'ercent. .3/ Massive doses o" vita&in C can !el' to 'revent serio%s case o" "l%. .E/ A balanced diet contains less t!an 5@I &# o" vita&in C. 1@. S%san: T!ose !o o''ose e('eri&entation on ani&als do not 'ro'erl, val%e t!e 'reservation o" !%&an li"e. Alt!o%#! ani&al s%""erin# is %n"ort%nate9 it is +%sti"iable i" it can lead to c%res "or !%&an ail&ents. Melvin: 1%t &%c! ani&al e('eri&entation involves testin# o" ordinar, cons%&er 'rod%cts s%c! as soa's9 d,es9 and cos&etics. S%san: T!ese e('eri&ents are +%sti"iable on t!e sa&e #ro%nds9 since cleanliness9 convenience9 and bea%t, are ort! !ile !%&an val%es deservin# o" s%''ort. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best state&ent o" t!e lo#ical "la in S%sans ar#%&ent.A/ :er clai& t!at ani&al e('eri&entation is +%sti"iable i" it s%''orts !%&an val%es contradicts !er clai& t!at s%c! e('eri&entation is +%sti"iable onl, i" it leads to c%res "or !%&an ail&ents. .1/ S!e 'laces a !i#!er val%e on !%&an cleanliness9 convenience9 and bea%t, t!an s!e does on t!e 'reservation o" ani&al li"e. .C/ S!e %ses t!e ord >val%e? in t o di""erent senses. .3/ S!e ass%&es t!at all ordinar, cons%&er 'rod%cts aid in t!e 'reservation o" !%&an li"e. .E/ S!e "ails to s!o !o &ere s%''ort "or !%&an val%es act%all, 'reserves !%&an lives. 1G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo As lon# as savin#s de'osits are ins%red b, t!e #overn&ent9 de'ositors ill !ave no incentive to eval%ate t!e "inancial stren#t! o" a savin#s bank. *ield alone ill in"l%ence t!eir c!oice o" bank. To attract de'osits9 banks ill be "orced to o""er t!e !i#!est 'ossible interest rates. And since 'a,in# !i#!er rates inevitabl, strains t!e "inancial stren#t! o" a bank9 ;;;;;; .A/ t!e #overn&ent ill be "orced o i&'ose li&itations on interest rates .1/ de'osit ins%rance ill %lti&atel, lead to t!e "inancial eakenin# o" &an, banks .C/ savers ill be "orced to c!oose bet een de'osit ins%rance and !i#!er interest rates .3/ de'osits ill tend to #o to t!e banks it! t!e #reatest "inancial stren#t! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<5

.E/ bank 'ro"its ill tend to rise to ever8!i#!er levels 1A. Ever, 'aintin# !an#in# in t!e :o%lar Galler, is b, a $renc! 'ainter. 2o 'aintin# in t!e :o%lar Galler, is b, a 4orticist. 7nl, 4orticists %se acr,lic &onoc!ro&es in t!eir orks. I" t!e in"or&ation above is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ 2o $renc! 'ainters are 4orticists. .1/ All 4orticists %se acr,lic &onoc!ro&es in t!eir orks. .C/ So&e $renc! 'ainters do not %se acr,lic &onoc!ro&es in t!eir orks. .3/ 2o $renc! 'ainters %se acr,lic &onoc!ro&es in t!eir orks. .E/ All $renc! 'ainters !o %se acr,lics %se acr,lic &onoc!ro&es in t!eir orks. 1B. 6e co&&onl, s'eak o" aest!etic +%d#&ents as s%b+ective9 and in t!e s!ort ter& t!e, are9 since critics o"ten disa#ree abo%t t!e val%e o" a 'artic%lar conte&'orar, ork o" art. 1%t over ti&e9 t!e s%b+ective ele&ent disa''ears. 6!en orks o" art !ave contin%ed to deli#!t a%diences "or cent%ries9 as !ave t!e 'aintin#s o" Mic!elan#elo9 t!e &%sic o" 1ac!9 and t!e 'la,s o" S!akes'eare9 e can ob+ectivel, call t!e& #reat. T!e state&ents above best s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ 6!en Mic!elan#elo9 1ac!9 and S!akes'eare ere alive9 critics disa#reed abo%t t!e val%e o" t!eir ork. .1/ T!e val%e o" a conte&'orar, ork o" art cannot be ob+ectivel, &eas%red. .C/ T!e re'%tation o" a ork o" art o"ten "l%ct%ates #reatl, "ro& one #eneration to t!e ne(t. .3/ T!e &ere "act t!at a ork o" art !as end%red "or cent%ries does not establis! its #reatness. .E/ I" critics a#ree abo%t t!e val%e o" a 'artic%lar cote&'orar, ork o" art9 t!en t!e ork can ob+ectivel, be called #reat. 1H. Since t!e @@8&ile8'er8!o%r s'eed li&it as &andated on o%r !i#! a,s9 bot! &one, and !%&an lives !ave been saved. All o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld stren#t!en t!e clai& above EECEFT: .A/ Most !i#! a, %sers "ind t!at travel ti&es are not a''reciabl, len#t!ened b, t!e @@8&ile8'er8!o%r s'eed li&it. .1/ :i#! a, drivin# at @@ &iles 'er !o%r or less is &ore "%el8e""icient t!an !i#!8 s'eed drivin#. .C/ 2earl, all !i#! a, sa"et, e('erts a#ree t!at &ore accidents occ%r at s'eeds over @@ &iles 'er !o%r t!an at lo er s'eeds. .3/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" "atalities occ%rrin# in !i#! a, accidents at s'eeds #reater t!an @@ &iles 'er !o%r is !i#!er t!an t!at "or lo 8s'eed accidents. .E/ A%to&obiles last lon#er and re0%ire "e er re'airs !en driven at consistentl,

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<<

lo er s'eeds. 5I. T!e cit, co%ncil ill certainl, vote to a''rove t!e ne do nto n redevelo'&ent 'lan9 des'ite t!e ob+ections o" environ&entalists. A"ter all9 &ost o" t!e ca&'ai#n contrib%tions received b, &e&bers o" t!e cit, co%ncil co&e "ro& real estate develo'&ent "ir&s9 !ic! stand to bene"it "ro& t!e 'lan. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Several &e&bers o" t!e cit, co%ncil receive si)able ca&'ai#n contrib%tions "ro& environ&ental lobb,in# #ro%'s. .1/ Me&bers o" t!e cit, co%ncil are re0%ired to re'ort t!e si)e and so%rce o" eac! ca&'ai#n contrib%tion t!e, receive. .C/ 2ot ever, real estate develo'&ent "ir& in t!e cit, ill be able to 'artici'ate in9 and 'ro"it "ro&9 t!e ne do nto n redevelo'&ent 'lan. .3/ T!e &e&bers o" t!e cit, co%ncil !ave o"ten voted in a,s t!at are o''osed to t!e interests o" t!eir ca&'ai#n contrib%tors. .E/ So&e environ&entalists !ave stated t!at t!e ne do nto n redevelo'&ent 'lan &i#!t be environ&entall, so%nd i" certain &inor &odi"ications are &ade. TEST I 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. A &ail order co&'an, recentl, !ad a bi# +%&' in clot!in# sales a"ter !irin# a co', riter and a #ra'!ic artist to #ive its clot!in# catalo# a &a#a)inelike "or&at desi#ned to a''eal to a &ore %'scale clientele. T!e co&'an, is no 'lannin# to la%nc! a !o%se ares catalo# %sin# t!e sa&e conce't. T!e co&'an,s 'lan ass%&es t!at .A/ ot!er !o%se ares catalo#s it! &a#a)inelike "or&ats do not alread, e(ist .1/ an %'scale clientele o%ld be interested in a !o%se ares catalo# .C/ t!e sa&e co', riter and #ra'!ic artist co%ld be e&'lo,ed "or bot! t!e clot!in# and !o%se ares catalo#s .3/ a &a#a)inelike "or&at re0%ires a co', riter and a #ra'!ic artist .E/ c%sto&ers to !o& t!e old clot!in# catalo# a''ealed o%ld contin%e to &ake '%rc!ases "ro& catalo#s it! t!e ne "or&at 5. Civic Leader: T!e !i#! cancer rate a&on# o%r citi)ens is t!e res%lt o" !a)ardo%s &aterial 'rod%ced at ,o%r 'lant. 1oard o" 3irectors: 7%r statistics s!o t!at rates o" cancer are !i#! t!ro%#!o%t t!e valle, in !ic! t!e 'lant is sit%ated beca%se local ells t!at s%''l, drinkin# ater are 'oll%ted9 not beca%se o" t!e 'lant. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e boards clai&s.A/ T!e statistics do not di""erentiate bet een t,'es o" cancer. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<C

.1/ 2earb, co&&%nities !ave not c!an#ed t!e so%rces o" t!eir drinkin# ater. .C/ Cancer8ca%sin# c!e&icals %sed at t!e 'lant are disc!ar#ed into a nearb, river and "ind t!eir a, into local ells. .3/ T!e 'lant bot! %ses and 'rod%ces c!e&icals t!at !ave been s!o n to ca%se cancer. .E/ So&e o" t!e 'oll%tants cited b, t!e board as conta&inatin# t!e local ells !ave been 'resent in t!e ells "or decades. <. Econo&ies in !ic! a !i#! 'ercenta#e o" reso%rces are invested in researc! and develo'&ent s!o #reater #ro t! in t!e lon# r%n t!an do t!ose in !ic! reso%rces are c!anneled into cons%&'tion. Ja'anese orkers s'end a !i#!er 'ercenta#e o" t!eir inco&e investin# in researc! and develo'&ent t!an do A&erican orkers. To #ro as "ast as Ja'an !as in t!e 'ast t!ree decades9 t!e =nited States &%st c!an#e t!e ta( code in order to enco%ra#e savin#s and invest&ent and disco%ra#e debt. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 tends to eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Ja'anese researc! is &ore "oc%sed on cons%&ers t!an is researc! b, A&erican "ir&s. .1/ Class &obilit,9 !i#!l, val%ed in A&erican c%lt%re9 is enco%ra#ed b, a #ro in# rat!er t!an a sta#nant econo&,. .C/ St%dies !ave s!o n t!at co%ntries it! !i#! cons%&'tion rates 'ros'er in t!e s!ort r%n. .3/ Fro'osed c!an#es to t!e ta( code co%ld involve strict li&its on t!e ded%ctabilit, o" interest9 and increased allo ance "or researc!. .E/ 1eca%se a decreasin# 'ercenta#e o" t!e =nited States is %nder CI9 an a#e !en savin#s are traditionall, lo 9 t!e savin#s rate ill increase it!o%t c!an#es to t!e ta( code. C. Television 'ro#ra&&in# e('erts &aintain t!at it! eac! 1P increase in t!e 'ri&e8ti&e ratin#s o" a television station t!ere is a <.@P increase in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o atc! its evenin# ne s 'ro#ra&. :o ever9 in t!e last ten ,ears at C!annel 2TR9 t!ere as onl, one ,ear o" e(tre&el, !i#! 'ri&e8ti&e ratin#s and d%rin# t!at ,ear9 "e er 'eo'le t!an ever atc!ed C!annel 2TRs evenin# ne s 'ro#ra&. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can 'ro'erl, be dra n "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ 6!en a ne s 'ro#ra& !as #ood ratin#s9 t!e c!annel as a !ole ill !ave #ood ratin#s. .1/ T!e 'ro#ra&&in# e('erts ne#lected to consider da,ti&e ne s 'ro#ra&s. .C/ T!e ,ear o" !i#! ratin#s at 2TR as a res%lt o" t o !it s!o s !ic! ere s%bse0%entl, canceled beca%se o" contract%al 'roble&s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@

.3/ T!e ten8,ear 'eriod in 0%estion is not re'resentative o" nor&al vie in# 'atterns. .E/ Fri&e8ti&e ratin#s are not t!e onl, "actor a""ectin# !o &an, 'eo'le atc! an evenin# ne s 'ro#ra&. @. T!e 'eo'le !o are least likel, to be a%dited b, t!e Internal Reven%e Service t!is ,ear are t!ose !o !ave been a%dited since 1HB@ and !o ere "o%nd to !ave &ade no &istakes in "ilin# t!eir ret%rns d%rin# t!at a%dit. 7" t!e "ollo in# 'eo'le9 !o is M7ST likel, to be a%dited b, t!e IRS.A/ A 'erson !o as a%dited in 1HBG b%t as not "o%nd to !ave &ade an, &istakes in "ilin# !is ret%rn. .1/ A 'erson !o as a%dited in 1HBG and !ose la ,er corrected several &istakes in t!e ta( ret%rn 'rior to t!e "ilin# deadline. .C/ A 'erson !ose s'o%se as convicted o" ta( "ra%d in 1HBA9 !o as t!en a%dited and "o%nd to !ave &ade no &istakes. .3/ A 'erson !o as last a%dited in 1HBC9 and !ad no &istakes %ncovered b, t!e IRS d%rin# t!at a%dit. .E/ A 'erson !o as a%dited in eac! o" t!e 'ast "ive ,ears9 b%t as "o%nd to !ave &ade no &istakes in an, o" t!e "ilin#s. G. Ja&ess #rade 'oint avera#e '%ts !i& in t!e to' t!ird o" t!e #rad%atin# class o" colle#e A. 2estor is in t!e to' tent! o" t!e sa&e class. Eli)abet! !ad t!e sa&e #rade 'oint avera#e as 2estor. 2anc, !as a lo er #rade 'oint avera#e t!an Eli)abet!. I" t!e in"or&ation above is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ Ja&es !as a !i#!er #rade 'oint avera#e t!an Eli)abet!. .1/ Ja&es !as a !i#!er #rade 'oint avera#e t!an 2anc,. .C/ 2estor !as a !i#!er #rade 'oint avera#e t!an 2anc,. .3/ Eli)abet! and 2anc, bot! !ave a !i#!er #rade 'oint avera#e t!an Ja&es. .E/ 2estor and Ja&es bot! !ave a !i#!er #rade 'oint avera#e t!an 2anc,. A. 6!enever a &a+or air'lane accident occ%rs9 t!ere is a dra&atic increase in t!e n%&ber o" air'lane &is!a's re'orted9 a '!eno&enon t!at &a, last "or as lon# as a "e &ont!s a"ter t!e accident. Airline o""icials assert t!at t!e '%blicit, #iven t!e #r%eso&eness o" &a+or air'lane accidents "oc%ses &edia attention on t!e airline ind%str, and t!e increase in t!e n%&ber o" re'orted accidents is ca%sed b, an increase in t!e n%&ber o" ne s so%rces coverin# airline accident9 not b, an increase in t!e n%&ber o" accidents. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld serio%sl, eaken t!e assertions o" t!e airline o""icials.A/ T!e '%blicit, s%rro%ndin# airline accidents is lar#el, li&ited to t!e co%ntr, in !ic! t!e cras! occ%rred. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<G

.1/ Airline accidents tend to occ%r "ar &ore o"ten d%rin# certain 'eak travel &ont!s. .C/ 2e s or#ani)ations do not !ave an, #%idelines to !el' t!e& decide !o severe or !o close an accident &%st be "or it to receive covera#e. .3/ Air'lane accidents receive covera#e b, ne s so%rces onl, !en t!e ne s so%rces "ind it advanta#eo%s to do so. .E/ St%dies b, #overn&ent re#%lations s!o t!at t!e n%&ber o" air'lane "li#!t &iles re&ains relativel, constant "ro& &ont! to &ont!. Questions 8-9 are based on the following. Investin# in real estate o%ld be a 'ro"itable vent%re at t!is ti&e. A s%rve, in :o%se &a#a)ine revealed t!at B@P o" t!e &a#a)ines readers are 'lannin# to b%, a second !o&e over t!e ne(t "e ,ears. A st%d, o" t!e real estate ind%str,9 !o ever9 revealed t!at t!e c%rrent s%''l, o" !o&es co%ld onl, 'rovide "or G@P o" t!at de&and eac! ,ear. B. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 reveals a eakness in t!e evidence cited above.A/ Real estate is a !i#!l, labor8intensive b%siness. .1/ :o&e b%ilders are not evenl, distrib%ted across t!e co%ntr,. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o ant second !o&es !as been increasin# eac! ,ear "or t!e 'ast ten ,ears. .3/ Readers o" :o%se &a#a)ine are &ore likel, t!an &ost 'eo'le to ant second !o&es. .E/ :o%se &a#a)ine incl%des articles abo%t o nin# a second !o&e as ell as articles abo%t b%ildin# a second !o&e. H. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld %nder&ine t!e validit, o" t!e invest&ent advice in t!e 'ara#ra'! above.A/ So&e !o&e o ners are satis"ied it! onl, one !o&e. .1/ Abo%t !al" o" t!e 'eo'le !o b%, !o&es are investin# in t!eir "irst !o&e. .C/ Abo%t !al" o" t!e 'eo'le !o b%, !o&es !ave to take o%t a &ort#a#e to do so. .3/ 7nl, a 0%arter o" t!e !o&es t!at are b%ilt are sold it!in t!e "irst t o eeks. .E/ 7nl, a 0%arter o" t!ose !o clai& t!at t!e, ant a second !o&e act%all, end %' '%rc!asin# one. 1I. Tra""ic sa"et, e('erts 'redict t!at t!e installation o" ne l, desi#ned air ba#s in all cars in t!e =nited States o%ld red%ce t!e avera#e n%&ber o" "atalities 'er tra""ic accident b, <I 'ercent. In order to save lives9 t!e 3e'art&ent o" Trans'ortation .37T/ is considerin# re0%irin# a%to&obile &an%"act%rers to install air ba#s o" t!is desi#n in all cars 'rod%ced a"ter 1HHB. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 re'resents t!e stron#est c!allen#e to t!e 37Ts http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<A

'ro'osal.A/ Air ba#s o" t!e ne desi#n are &ore #iven to bein# inadvertentl, tri##ered9 an occ%rrence t!at can so&eti&es res%lt in "atal tra""ic accidents. .1/ T!e 37T is 'lannin# to re0%ire a%to&obile &an%"act%rers to 'rod%ce t!ese air ba#s accordin# to ver, strict s'eci"ications. .C/ A"ter installin# air ba#s in ne cars9 a%to&obile &an%"act%rers ill e('erience an increase in sales. .3/ T!e 'ro'osed air ba# installation 'ro#ra& ill adversel, a""ect t!e resale o" cars &an%"act%red 'rior to 1HHB. .E/ As 'rod%ction costs increase9 t!e 'ro"its o" &an, do&estic a%to&obile dealers s!o a &arked decrease. 11. A 'rivate b%s co&'an, #ained #reater 'ro"its and 'rovided b%s service to t!e area at lo er "ares b, r%nnin# b%ses &ore "re0%entl, and sti&%latin# #reater riders!i'. :o'in# to contin%e t!ese "inancial trends9 t!e co&'an, 'lans to re'lace all older b%ses it! ne 9 lar#er b%ses9 incl%din# so&e do%ble8decker b%ses9. T!e 'lan o" t!e b%s co&'an, as described above ass%&es all o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT .A/ t!e de&and "or b%s service in t!e co&'an,s area o" service ill increase in t!e "%t%re .1/ increased e""icienc, and reven%es ill co&'ensate "or an, ne e('enses t!e co&'an, inc%rs .C/ t!e ne b%ses ill be s%""icientl, reliable to ens%re t!e co&'an, a net "inancial #ain once t!e, are in 'lace .3/ drivin# t!e ne b%ses ill be no &ore di""ic%lt t!an drivin# t!e b%ses t!e, are to re'lace .E/ t!e lar#er9 do%ble8decker b%ses ill not "ace obstacles s%c! as !ei#!t and ei#!t restrictions in t!e b%s co&'an,s area o" service 15. A ne l, discovered disease is t!o%#!t to be ca%sed b, a certain bacteri%&. :o ever9 recentl, released data notes t!at t!e bacteri%& t!rives in t!e 'resence o" a certain vir%s9 i&'l,in# t!at it is act%all, t!e vir%s t!at ca%ses t!e ne disease. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'ieces o" evidence o%ld &ost s%''ort t!e datas i&'lication.A/ In t!e absence o" t!e vir%s9 t!e disease !as been observed to "ollo in"ection b, t!e bacteri%&. .1/ T!e vir%s !as been s!o n to aid t!e #ro t! o" bacteri%&9 a 'rocess !ic! o"ten leads to t!e onset o" t!e disease. .C/ T!e vir%s alone !as been observed in &an, cases o" t!e disease. .3/ In cases !ere t!e disease does not develo'9 in"ection b, t!e bacteri%& is %s%all, 'receded b, in"ection b, t!e vir%s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<B

.E/ 7nset o" t!e disease %s%all, "ollo s in"ection b, bot! t!e vir%s and t!e bacteri%&. 1<. A sociolo#ist recentl, st%died t o sets o" teena#ers. T!e &e&bers o" one set s'ent 1I or &ore !o%rs 'er eek atc!in# violent television 'ro#ra&s9 and t!e &e&bers o" t!e ot!er set s'ent 5 !o%rs or less 'er eek atc!in# violent television 'ro#ra&s. A si#ni"icantl, #reater 'ro'ortion o" t!e teena#ers in t!e "or&er #ro%' e(!ibited a##ressive be!avior d%rin# t!e 'eriod o" t!e st%d,. T!e sociolo#ists reasoned t!at t!e 'rolon#ed e('os%re to television violence ca%sed t!e a##ressive be!avior. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o" t!e teena#ers in t!e st%d,9 'rovides t!e stron#est c!allen#e to t!e sociolo#ists concl%sion.A/ So&e teena#ers !o atc!ed &ore t!an 1I !o%rs o" violent television 'ro#ra&&in# 'er eek be!aved less a##ressivel, t!an ot!ers in t!e sa&e #ro%' o" teena#ers. .1/ So&e teena#ers !o atc!ed 5 !o%rs o" violent television 'ro#ra&&in# 'er eek did not be!ave a##ressivel,. .C/ So&e teena#ers vol%ntaril, sto''ed atc!in# violent television 'ro#ra&s a"ter bein# victi&s o" violence. .3/ So&e teena#ers atc!ed violent television 'ro#ra&s alone9 !ile ot!ers did so in #ro%'s. .E/ Man, o" t!e teena#ers in t!e "irst #ro%' e(!ibited a##ressive be!avior be"ore t!e st%d, be#an. 1C. 1eca%se o" a recent dro%#!t in $lorida d%rin# t!e oran#e8#ro in# season9 t!e 'rice o" oran#es t!is season ill be t!ree ti&es t!e %s%al 'rice. T!is ill drive %' t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# oran#e +%ice and t!%s '%s! %' t!e 'rice o" oran#e +%ice "or t!e cons%&er. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e recent dro%#!t as not as severe as scientists 'redicted. .1/ States ot!er t!an $lorida also s%''l, oran#es to oran#e +%ice &an%"act%rers. .C/ 7t!er in#redients are %sed in t!e 'rod%ction o" oran#e +%ice. .3/ Last ,ear t!e 'rice o" oran#es as act%all, lo er t!an t!e avera#e 'rice over t!e 'ast ten ,ears. .E/ T!e 'rice o" oran#es ill event%all, be LI.CB 'er crate. Questions 15-1& are based on the following. Local '!one co&'anies !ave &ono'olies on '!one service it!in t!eir areas. Cable television can be trans&itted via t!e ires t!at are alread, in 'lace and o ned b, t!e '!one co&'anies. Cable television co&'anies ar#%e t!at i" t!e tele'!one co&'anies ere to o""er cable service9 t!ese tele'!one co&'anies o%ld !ave an %n"air advanta#e9 beca%se t!eir cable trans&issions co%ld be s%bsidi)ed b, t!e 'ro"its o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<H

t!eir &ono'olies on '!one service. 1@. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld ease t!e cable co&'anies "ear o" %n"air co&'etition.A/ In order to %se e(istin# tele'!one ire9 tele'!one co&'anies o%ld need to &oderni)e t!eir o'erations9 a 'rocess so e('ensive it o%ld virt%all, i'e o%t all 'ro"it "ro& t!eir &ono'ol, "or t!e "oreseeable "%t%re. .1/ I" a '!one co&'an, ere to o""er cable service it!in a 'artic%lar area9 it o%ld !ave a &ono'ol, it!in t!at area. .C/ T!e cost o" television service9 !et!er 'rovided b, cable or tele'!one co&'anies9 scalesD t!at is9 t!e total cost o" trans&ission rises onl, &ar#inall, as &ore !o&es are added to t!e net ork. .3/ Cable 'ro#ra&&in# t!at o""ers &ore c!annels is alread, available t!ro%#! satellite dis!9 b%t t!e initial cost o" t!e dis! is e(tre&el, !i#!. .E/ Cable television ill never be able to co&'ete it! t!e b%r#eonin# video rental ind%str,9 es'eciall, as &ore !o&es no !ave video cassette recorders t!an ever did be"ore. 1G. 7n t!e basis o" t!e in"or&ation 'rovided in t!e 'assa#e above9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions can be ans ered.A/ Are '!one co&'anies as e""icient as cable co&'anies in 'rovidin# reliable and ine('ensive service.1/ I" '!one co&'anies ere allo ed to 'rovide cable service9 o%ld t!e, ant to do so.C/ 3o t!e cable co&'anies believe t!at t!e local '!one co&'anies &ake a 'ro"it on '!one service.3/ Are local '!one co&'anies "orbidden to o""er cable service.E/ Is it e('ected t!at '!one co&'anies ill !ave a &ono'ol, on cable service1A. In t!e 'ast ,ear9 t!ere !as been a lar#e dro' in t!e n%&ber o" ne cars sold9 d%e to !ars! econo&ic conditions in t!e &arket'lace and !i#! ta(es. At t!e sa&e ti&e9 t!e avera#e 'rice 'aid "or a ne car !as risen dra&aticall,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains t!e increase in t!e avera#e 'rice o" a ne car.A/ T!e 'rice o" %sed cars !as cli&bed steadil, over t!e 'ast ten ,ears. .1/ T!ere ill be a ta( red%ction later in t!e ,ear !ic! is e('ected to aid &oderate and lo inco&e "a&ilies. .C/ T!e &arket "or e('ensive car !as been %na""ected b, t!e c%rrent econo&ic conditions. .3/ Econo&ic conditions are e('ected to #et si#ni"icantl, orse be"ore t!e end o" t!e ,ear. .E/ Lo de&and "or tr%cks and vans !as led to lo er 'rod%ction in t!e "actories. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CI

1B. Critics o" sales se&inars r%n b, o%tside cons%ltants 'oint o%t t!at since 1HBA9 reven%es o" vac%%& cleaner co&'anies !ose e&'lo,ees attended cons%ltant8led se&inars ere lo er t!an reven%es o" vac%%& cleaner co&'anies !ose e&'lo,ees did not attend s%c! se&inars. T!e critics c!ar#e t!at "or vac%%& cleaner co&'anies9 t!e sales se&inars are ill conceived and a aste o" &one,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e &ost e""ective c!allen#e to t!e critics o" sales se&inars.A/ T!ose vac%%& cleaner co&'anies !ose sales ere !i#!est 'rior to 1HBA are t!e onl, co&'anies t!at did not send e&'lo,ees to t!e se&inars. .1/ 4ac%%& cleaner co&'anies t!at !ave sent e&'lo,ees to sales se&inars since 1HBA e('erienced a #reater dro' in sales t!an t!e, !ad 'rior to 1HBA. .C/ T!e cost o" vac%%& cleaner sales se&inars r%n b, o%tside cons%ltants !as risen dra&aticall, since 1HBA. .3/ T!e 'oor desi#n o" vac%%& cleaner sales se&inars is not t!e onl, reason "or t!eir ine""ectiveness. .E/ Since 1HBA9 sales o" vac%%& cleaners !ave risen t ent, 'ercent. 1H. In"or&ed 'eo'le #enerall, assi&ilate in"or&ation "ro& several diver#ent so%rces be"ore co&in# to an o'inion. :o ever9 &ost 'o'%lar ne s or#ani)ations vie "orei#n a""airs solel, t!ro%#! t!e e,es o" o%r State 3e'art&ent. In re'ortin# t!e 'olitical crisis in "orei#n co%ntr, 19 ne s or#ani)ations &%st endeavor to "ind alternative so%rces o" in"or&ation. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# in"erences can be dra n "ro& t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ To t!e de#ree t!at a ne s so%rce #ives an acco%nt o" anot!er co%ntr, t!at &irrors t!at o" o%r State 3e'art&ent9 t!at re'ortin# is s%s'ect. .1/ To 'rotect t!eir inte#rit,9 ne s &edia s!o%ld avoid t!e in"l%ence o" State 3e'art&ent releases in t!eir covera#e o" "orei#n a""airs. .C/ Re'ortin# t!at is not in"l%enced b, t!e State 3e'art&ent is %s%all, &ore acc%rate t!an are ot!er acco%nts. .3/ T!e alternative so%rces o" in"or&ation &entioned in t!e 'assa#e o%ld 'robabl, not s!are t!e sa&e vie s as t!e State 3e'art&ent. .E/ A re'ort cannot be seen as in"l%enced b, t!e State 3e'art&ent i" it acc%ratel, de'icts t!e events in a "orei#n co%ntr,. 5I. A li#!t b%lb co&'an, 'rod%ces 59III li#!t b%lbs 'er eek. T!e &ana#er ants to ens%re t!at standards o" 0%alit, re&ain constant "ro& eek to eek. T!e &ana#er9 t!ere"ore9 clai&s t!at o%t o" 59III li#!t b%lbs 'rod%ced 'er eek9 @II li#!t b%lbs are re+ected. 7" t!e "ollo in#9 t!e best criticis& o" t!e &ana#ers 'lan is t!at t!e 'lan ass%&es t!at .A/ li#!t b%lb &an%"act%rers cannot acce't all li#!t b%lbs t!at 'rod%ced .1/ t!e overall 0%alit, o" t!e li#!t b%lbs o%ld not be i&'roved i" t!e total http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1

n%&ber o" li#!t b%lbs 'rod%ced ere red%ced .C/ eac! li#!t b%lb t!at is revie ed is ort!, o" bein# revie ed .3/ it is di""ic%lt to +%d#e t!e 0%alit, o" a li#!t b%lb .E/ t!e 19@II li#!t b%lbs t!at are acce'ted ill be o" t!e sa&e 0%alit, "ro& eek to eek TEST II 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. $or over "i"t, ,ears9 t!e ocean8"rei#!t ind%str, orked to &ake ocean "rei#!ters "aster and to lo er t!eir "%el cons%&'tion. 3es'ite considerable s%ccess9 t!e econo&ics o" t!e ind%str, #re orse9 %ntil t!e ind%str, as al&ost dead. 6!at as ron# as an incon#r%it, bet een ass%&'tions and realities. T!e real costs ca&e9 not "ro& ti&e s'ent at sea9 b%t "ro& ti&e s'ent in 'ort d%rin# loadin# and %nloadin#. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# actions o%ld be &ost likel, to lead to a sol%tion o" t!e 'roble& "aced b, t!e ocean8"rei#!t ind%str,9 as it is anal,)ed in t!e 'assa#e.A/ 3evelo'in# a s!i's en#ine t!at r%ns on a c!ea'er t,'e o" "%el t!an t!at traditionall, %sed b, ocean "rei#!ters .1/ 3evelo'in# a s!i' it! accessible car#o co&'art&ents t!at can be &ec!anicall, loaded and %nloaded ver, ra'idl, .C/ 3evelo'in# a s!i' !ose "rei#!t ca'acit, relative to t!e s!i's total vol%&e is &%c! lar#er t!an t!at o" an, e(istin# s!i' .3/ I&'le&entin# a s,ste& to ens%re t!at ocean "rei#!ters are loaded to ca'acit, !enever t!e, leave a 'ort .E/ I&'le&entin# a &arketin# 'lan t!at "oc%ses on ro%tes t!at are kno n to be least t!reatened b, %n"avorable eat!er9 t!%s 'er&ittin# ra'id tri's and reliable arrival ti&es 5. T!e increased concentration o" salt in t!e ba,9 !ic! is t!e res%lt o" recent dro%#!t and !i#! te&'erat%res9 ill ca%se &an, "is! to die. S!ri&'9 !o ever9 can tolerate !i#! salt levelsD t!e s!ri&' ind%str, ill not9 t!ere"ore9 be !%rt b, t!e increased concentration o" salt. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ So&e "is! ill &i#rate to areas t!at !ave lo er concentrations o" salt. .1/ Lack o" rain"all "or e(tended 'eriods o" ti&e lo ers t!e ater level o" ba,s. .C/ T!e or#anis&s on !ic! ,o%n# s!ri&' "eed cannot s%rvive in s%c! salt, aters. .3/ Increased ater te&'erat%re o"ten ca%ses s!ri&' to &%lti'l, &ore 0%ickl,. .E/ S!ri&' are &ore ab%ndant in areas o" t!e ba, t!at are s'arsel, 'o'%lated b, "is!. <. C%rrentl, 'eo'le in t!e =nited States eat9 on t!e avera#e9 19C<1 'o%nds o" "ood http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C5

'er ,ear9 <@ 'o%nds &ore t!an in 1HBI. T!is increase is9 at least in 'art9 beca%se 'eo'le bet een t!e a#es o" 1@ and GC !ave acco%nted "or an increasin# s!are o" t!e 'o'%lation. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e above.A/ More t!an !al" o" t!e c%rrent 'o'%lation o" t!e =nited States is bet een t!e a#es o" 1@ and GC. .1/ T!e 'o'%lation !as risen since 1HBI. .C/ C!ildren belo t!e a#e o" 1@ re0%ire9 on t!e avera#e9 &ore "ood t!an do 'eo'le over t!e a#e o" GC. .3/ 1e"ore 1HBI c!ildren belo t!e a#e o" 1@ o%tn%&bered 'eo'le bet een t!e a#es o" 1@ and GC. .E/ Individ%als bet een t!e a#es o" 1@ and GC cons%&e9 on t!e avera#e9 &ore "ood t!an do t!ose ,o%n#er or older. C. Eac! increase o" 1 'ercent in real dis'osable 'ersonal inco&e 'er ca'ita ill increase t!e s!are o" t!e electorate "or an inc%&bent b, abo%t 5.5 'ercenta#e 'oints9 ot!er t!in#s bein# e0%al. Since 1H@5 t!ere !as been a decline in real dis'osable inco&e d%rin# onl, one 'residential election ,ear. T!e inc%&bent lost t!at election. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be 'ro'erl, dra n "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ 6!en an inc%&bent r%ns "or o""ice9 !e or s!e is likel, to in. .1/ Folitical 'arties s!o%ld take care to '%t "ort! a candidate !o see&s 'ros'ero%s. .C/ Fresidential candidates s!o%ld '%t t!eir #reatest e""orts into i&'rovin# t!eir '%blic i&a#e. .3/ 1eca%se a 'residential ca&'ai#n re0%ires t!e e('endit%re o" lar#e a&o%nts o" &one,9 it "re0%entl, i&'overis!es a candidate and !is or !er s%''orters. .E/ T!e o%tco&e o" a 'residential election is s%bstantiall, a""ected b, "actors ot!er t!an t!e ideolo#ical 'ositions o" t!e candidates. @. Accordin# to an inde'endent co&'%ter8ind%str, anal,st9 t!e ne Re#ent &icroco&'%ter is o" !i#! 0%alit,9 is "ast9 and costs less t!an an, c%rrentl, e(istin# co&'etin# &odel. It is reasonable to concl%de9 t!ere"ore9 as t!e &an%"act%rers 'ros'ect%s does9 t!at t!e Re#ent ill 0%ickl, establis! itsel" as a "ast8sellin#9 lo 8 'riced alternative to c%rrentl, available &icroco&'%ters. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld LEAST eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Man, retailers alread, carr, one or &ore lo 8'riced &icroco&'%ter &odels and are disinclined to carr, anot!er. .1/ Several "aster and lo er8'riced &odels o" &icroco&'%ters ill soon be introd%ced b, ot!er co&'%ter &an%"act%rers.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<

.C/ T!e Re#ent Cor'orations &icroco&'%ter can be %sed in con+%nction it! !i#!er8'riced &icroco&'%ters &an%"act%red b, ot!er co&'anies. .3/ Most o" t!ose individ%als and co&'anies t!at co%ld be e('ected to &ake %' t!e 'otential &arket "or t!e Re#ent &icroco&'%ter !ave alread, "illed t!eir &icroco&'%ter needs. .E/ T!e inde'endent co&'%ter8ind%str, anal,st !ose assess&ent as incor'orated in t!e 'ros'ect%s !as %sed &eas%res o" 0%alit, t!at are not %niversall, acce'ted b, t!e co&'%ter8b%,in# '%blic. G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ost lo#ical co&'letion o" t!e 'assa#e belo Man, co&'anies !ave been '%s!in# "or a t!ree8 eek e(tension o" da,li#!t savin# ti&e9 !ic! o%ld &ean t!at t!e s%n o%ld contin%e to set an !o%r later d%rin# t!e "all &ont!s. T!e o ners o" a c!ain o" convenience stores9 "or e(a&'le9 e('ect to #ain L1@ &illion a ,ear in additional sales9 &ostl, "ro& 'eo'le !o tend to;;;;;; .A/ sta, a a, "ro& t!ese stores a"ter dark .1/ sta, o%tdoors d%rin# t!e "all &ont!s .C/ s'end &ore &one, in t!e "all .3/ s'end less &one, in t!e "all .E/ s!o' at t!ese stores !en t!e, are 'ressed "or ti&e A. Recent evidence a''ears to contradict earlier "indin#s t!at s%##ested t!at t!ose !o are '!,sicall, "it co'e better it! stress"%l real8li"e events. 7" a #ro%' o" !ealt!, o&en9 t!ose rando&l, assi#ned to a ten8 eek 'ro#ra& o" aerobic e(ercises 'er"or&ed no better in laborator, tests si&%latin# stress"%l sit%ations t!an did t!e s%b#ro%' assi#ned to a 'ro#ra& it!o%t e(ercise. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides evidence "or deter&inin# !et!er '!,sical "itness &akes one react better to stress.A/ S%'erior reaction to laborator, stress sit%ations as "o%nd to be &ore 'revalent a&on# o&en t!an a&on# &en. .1/ :ealt!, &en9 a"ter trainin# si( &ont!s in ei#!t li"tin#9 enco%ntered "e er 'otentiall, stress"%l sit%ations in t!e s%bse0%ent si( &ont!s. .C/ S%b+ects "ollo in# a re#i&en d%rin# !ic! t!e, 'er"ected t!eir skills in a variet, o" rela(ation tec!ni0%es "o%nd t!at t!eir lives see&ed cal&er a"ter t!e, be#an t!e re#i&en. .3/ Colle#e st%dents it! 'revio%s !i#! levels o" stress"%l li"e events s!o ed a &arkedl, red%ced reaction to s%c! events a"ter trainin# in aerobics "or si( &ont!s. .E/ S%b+ects it! a !i#! level o" sel"8estee& &ore o"ten en#a#ed in '!,sical8 "itness re#i&ens t!an did a control #ro%' o" s%b+ects it! avera#e levels o" sel"8estee&.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CC

Questions 8-9 are based on the following. 2o is an e(cellent ti&e to invest in t!e caterin# b%siness. A s%rve, cond%cted b, 6eddin#s &a#a)ine "o%nd t!at AI 'ercent o" t!e &a#a)ines readers ant a catered eddin# rece'tion. An anal,sis o" t!e caterin# ind%str,9 !o ever9 s!o s t!at t!e c%rrent n%&ber o" caterers can serve onl, @@ 'ercent o" t!e eddin#s likel, to occ%r eac! ,ear. B. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 reveals a eakness in t!e evidence cited above.A/ Caterin# is a !i#!l, labor8intensive b%siness. .1/ Caterers are not evenl, distrib%ted across t!e co%ntr,. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" eddin#s it! catered rece'tions !as been #ro in# eac! ,ear "or t!e 'ast "ive ,ears. .3/ Readers o" 6eddin#s &a#a)ine are &ore likel, t!an &ost 'eo'le to ant a catered rece'tion. .E/ 6eddin#s &a#a)ine incl%des bot! articles abo%t catered rece'tions and articles abo%t 're'arin# "ood onesel" "or ones eddin# rece'tion. H. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld %nder&ine t!e validit, o" t!e invest&ent advice in t!e 'ara#ra'! above.A/ T!e avera#e eddin# rece'tion involves bet een @I and 1II #%ests. .1/ A''ro(i&atel, a 0%arter o" all eddin#s take 'lace it!o%t a rece'tion. .C/ A''ro(i&atel, a 0%arter o" all eddin#s and t!eir associated rece'tions are 'aid "or b, t!e co%'les t!e&selves. .3/ 7nl, !al" o" all catered eddin# rece'tions incl%de sit8do n &eals. .E/ 7nl, !al" o" t!ose !o sa, t!e, ant a catered eddin# rece'tion act%all, !ave one. 1I. T!e Co&&erce 3e'art&ent recentl, '%t li&its on &ac!ine8tool i&'orts "ro& t o co%ntries !ose e('orts o" &ac!ine tools into t!e =nited States !ave been s%bstantial. As a res%lt o" t!ese restrictions9 anal,sts 'redict t!at do&estic sales o" &ac!ine tools &an%"act%red in t!e =nited States are bo%nd to rise considerabl,9 startin# in t!e ver, near "%t%re. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld be &ost likel, to ca%se t!e anal,sts 'rediction to be inacc%rate.A/ A ne ta( bill t!at9 i" 'assed9 o%ld disco%ra#e invest&ent in ca'ital e0%i'&ent s%c! as &ac!ine tools is bein# st%died and debated serio%sl, in t!e =nited States Con#ress. .1/ =nited States co&'anies orders "or &etal8c%ttin# &ac!ines9 !ic! acco%nt "or A@ 'ercent o" sales b, t!e &ac!ine8tool ind%str,9 rose "aster t!an orders "or ot!er t,'es o" &ac!ine tools d%rin# t!e 'ast ,ear. .C/ 6orld ide orders "or &ac!ine tools &ade in t!e =nited States dro''ed b, &ore t!an 1I 'ercent d%rin# t!e 'ast ,ear. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@

.3/ S%bstantial inventories o" "orei#n8&ade &ac!ine tools ere stock'iled in t!e =nited States d%rin# t!e 'ast ,ear. .E/ Co&'anies in t!e ind%strial sectors o" &an, co%ntries s!o ed a si#ni"icantl, e('anded de&and "or &ac!ine tools d%rin# t!e 'ast ,ear. 11. T!e cities it! t!e densest 'o'%lation !ave t!e !i#!est ratio o" 'olice o""icers to citi)ens. S%c! cities also !ave t!e lo est rates o" 'ro'ert, cri&e it!o%t contact bet een 'er'etrator and victi&. T!%s &aintainin# a !i#! ratio o" 'olice o""icers to citi)ens can serve as an e""ective deterrent to at least certain kinds o" 'ro'ert, cri&e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e 0%alit, o" trainin# t!at 'olice receive varies "ro& cit, to cit,. .1/ :i#! 'o'%lation densit, itsel" &akes it di""ic%lt to co&&it a 'ro'ert, cri&e t!at involves no contact bet een 'er'etrator and victi&. .C/ Man, nonviolent cri&es in lar#e cities are dr%#8related. .3/ A &a+orit, o" t!e 'er'etrators o" 'ro'ert, cri&es in densel, 'o'%lated cities are not a''re!ended b, t!e 'olice. .E/ Fro'ert, cri&es it!o%t contact bet een 'er'etrator and victi& re'resent onl, a s&all 'ro'ortion o" overall cri&e. 15. A''ro(i&atel, t o !%ndred brands o" 'ersonal co&'%ters are bein# &an%"act%red9 b%t e c%rrentl, li&it o%r inventor, to onl, t!e ei#!t &ost 'o'%lar brands. 6e 'lan to increase #reatl, t!e n%&ber o" co&'%ters e sell b, e('andin# o%r inventor, to incl%de t!e ten best8sellin# brands. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'oints o%t a &a+or eakness o" t!e 'lan above.A/ T!e ca'abilities o" t!ree &ost 'o'%lar 'ersonal co&'%ters add to be a''ro(i&atel, e0%ivalent9 it! no brand !avin# consistent s%'eriorit, in all res'ects. .1/ T!e seven &ost 'o'%lar brands o" 'ersonal co&'%ters acco%nt "or al&ost all co&'%ters sold. .C/ As t!e %sers o" 'ersonal co&'%ters beco&e &ore so'!isticated9 t!e, are &ore illin# to b%, less ell8kno n brands o" co&'%ters. .3/ Less 'o'%lar brands o" co&'%ters o"ten 'rovide less 'ro"it to t!e retailer beca%se 'rices &%st be disco%nted to attract c%sto&ers. .E/ T!e leadin# brand o" 'ersonal co&'%ter !as been losin# sales to less 'o'%lar brands t!at o""er si&ilar ca'abilities "or less &one,. 1<. 7" t!ose 'erson !o beca&e teac!ers in 1HGB and !o later le"t t!e 'ro"ession9 <I 'ercent toda, earn salaries above L<@9III a ,ear: o" t!ose !o beca&e teac!ers in 1HGB and !ave re&ained in t!e 'ro"ession9 onl, 1@ 'ercent toda, earn salaries above L<@9III a ,ear. T!ese "i#%res indicate !o %nder'aid teac!ers are toda,.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CG

T!e ar#%&ent above de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions abo%t t!e 'ersons "or !o& statistics are cited.A/ At least one8t!ird o" t!e #ro%' o" 'ersons !o !ave re&ained in teac!in# o%ld toda, be earnin# &ore t!an L<@9III a ,ear i" t!e, !ad le"t teac!in#. .1/ T!e #ro%' o" 'ersons !o le"t teac!in# and t!e #ro%' !o did not are co&'arable in ter&s o" "actors t!at deter&ine !o &%c! 'eo'le o%tside t!e teac!in# 'ro"ession are 'aid. .C/ Most o" t!ose 'ersons !o le"t teac!in# did so entirel, beca%se o" t!e lo salaries teac!ers earn. .3/ As a #ro%'9 t!ose 'ersons !o !ave re&ained in teac!in# are abler and &ore dedicated t!an t!e #ro%' o" 'ersons !o le"t teac!in#. .E/ T!e #ro%' o" 'ersons !o le"t teac!in# and !o toda, earn &ore t!an L<@9III a ,ear ere &ore ca'able teac!ers t!an t!e #ro%' !o re&ained in t!e 'ro"ession. 1C. So&e anal,sts &aintain t!at an e&bar#o b, co%ntr, Litora on t!e e('ort o" a strate#ic &etal to co%ntr, Qenda9 i" i&'osed9 o%ld drive %' t!e 'rice o" t!e &etal in Qenda at least ten"old. T!e, note t!at "e ot!er co%ntries e('ort t!e &etal and t!at9 it! an e&bar#o9 Qenda &i#!t !ave to de'end on as8,et8 %ne('loited do&estic so%rces o" t!e &etal. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 constit%tes t!e &ost serio%s ob+ection to t!e anal,sis above.A/ Litoras econo&, de'ends !eavil, on "orei#n c%rrenc, earned b, t!e e('ort o" t!e strate#ic &etal to ot!er co%ntries. .1/ T!ere are "orei#n8'olic, ste's t!at Qenda co%ld take to a''ease Litora and avoid bein# s%b+ected to an e&bar#o on t!e &etal. .C/ Geolo#ists believe t!at additional de'osits o" t!e &etal co%ld 'ossibl, be "o%nd it!in t!e territor, o" Litora. .3/ 7nl, a s&all 'ro'ortion o" Qendas i&'ort e('endit%res is devoted to t!e i&'ort o" t!e &etal "ro& Litora. .E/ In case o" an e&bar#o9 Qenda co%ld b%, t!e &etal indirectl, "ro& Litora on t!e orld &arket at a less t!an one8t!ird increase in cost. 1@. T!e #overn&ent s!o%ld sto' 'er&ittin# tobacco co&'anies to s%btract advertisin# e('enses "ro& t!eir reven%es in calc%latin# ta(able inco&e. Tobacco co&'anies o%ld t!en !ave to 'a, &ore ta(es. As a conse0%ence9 t!e, o%ld raise t!e 'rices o" t!eir 'rod%cts and t!is 'rice increase o%ld raise t!e 'rices o" t!eir 'rod%cts and t!is 'rice increase o%ld disco%ra#e tobacco %se. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an additional 're&ise re0%ired b, t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Tobacco co&'anies o%ld not o""set t!e 'a,&ent o" e(tra ta(es b, red%cin# costs in ot!er areas. .1/ Tobacco co&'anies o%ld not contin%e to advertise i" t!e, ere "orced to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CA

'a, !i#!er ta(es. .C/ Feo'le o%ld not contin%e to b%, tobacco 'rod%cts i" t!ese 'rod%cts ere no lon#er advertised. .3/ T!e &one, t!e #overn&ent o%ld #ain as a res%lt o" t!e increase in tobacco co&'anies ta(able inco&e o%ld be %sed to ed%cate t!e '%blic abo%t t!e dan#ers o" tobacco %se. .E/ T!e increase in ta(es 'aid b, tobacco co&'anies o%ld be e0%al to t!e additional inco&e #enerated b, raisin# 'rices. 1G. Instead o" bla&in# an airline accident on 'ilot error9 investi#ators s!o%ld "ind o%t !, t!e error as &ade b, anal,)in# air'lane desi#n9 airline &ana#e&ent9 and 'ilot8trainin# 'ro#ra&s. $or onl, t!en can c!an#es be &ade to ens%re t!at t!e sa&e t,'e o" error does not rec%r and ca%se anot!er accident. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'res%''osition o" t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Filot error is not a contrib%tin# "actor in &ost airline accidents. .1/ Airline co&'anies t!e&selves s!o%ld be t!e a#ents !o investi#ate airline accidents. .C/ Stricter #overn&ent re#%lation o" airline co&'anies ill &ake air travel si#ni"icantl, sa"er. .3/ Investi#ators o" airline accidents s!o%ld contrib%te to t!e 'revention o" "%t%re accidents. .E/ Most 'ilots !o &ake errors in "l,in# ill re'eat t!eir errors %nless t!e, are retrained. Questions 1'-18 are based on the following. Fro"essor A: 6e &%st &ake a stron# &oral state&ent a#ainst Co%ntr, Es 'olicies. 7nl, total divest&entKt!e sale o" all stock in co&'anies t!at !ave "actories or b%siness o""ices in EKcan do t!is. T!ere"ore9 t!e %niversit, s!o%ld divest totall,. Fro"essor 1: 7%r ai& s!o%ld be to enco%ra#e E to c!an#e its 'olicies. Fartial divest&ent is t!e best a, to ac!ieve t!is ai&. T!ere"ore9 t!e %niversit, s!o%ld sell its stock onl, in co&'anies t!at eit!er sell #oods to Es #overn&ent9 or do t!e &a+orit, o" t!eir b%siness in E9 or treat t!eir orkers in E %n"airl,. 1A. Fro"essor As and Fro"essor 1s ar#%&ents di""er in !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# a,s.A/ T!e, state t!e sa&e #oal b%t 'ro'ose di""erent a,s o" ac!ievin# it. .1/ T!e, state di""erent #oals b%t 'ro'ose t!e sa&e a, o" ac!ievin# t!e&. .C/ T!e, state di""erent #oals and 'ro'ose di""erent a,s o" ac!ievin# t!e&. .3/ T!e, disa#ree abo%t !et!er t!e %niversit, s!o%ld sell an, stock at all. .E/ T!e, disa#ree abo%t !et!er Es 'olicies are ob+ectionable. 1B. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld be evidence t!at t!e %niversit, o%ld not be !ar&ed econo&icall, i" it "ollo ed Fro"essor As reco&&endation. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CB

.A/ 4er, "e o" t!e co&'anies in !ic! t!e %niversit, o ns stocks sell #oods to Es #overn&ent. .1/ Most co&'anies t!at !ave "actories or b%siness o""ices in E and in !ic! t!e %niversit, o ns stock act%all, do little o" t!eir b%siness in E. .C/ So&e co&'anies t!at !ave "actories or b%siness o""ices in E and in !ic! t!e %niversit, o ns stock !ave instit%ted "air treat&ent 'olicies "or t!eir orkers in E at ver, little additional cost to t!e co&'anies. .3/ T!e e('ected "inancial ret%rn to t!e %niversit, "ro& stocks t!at t!e %niversit, co%ld o n %nder a 'olic, o" total divest&ent is a''ro(i&atel, t!e sa&e as t!e e('ected "inancial ret%rn "ro& t!e sa&e as t!e e('ected "inancial. .E/ I" t!e %niversit, sold lar#e blocks o" stock %nder a 'olic, o" total divest&ent9 t!e 'rices o" t!e stocks o" t!e co&'anies !ose stocks ere sold o%ld 'robabl, decrease so&e !at. 1H. In an e""ort to #o be,ond res%&es as tools in its searc! "or e(ec%tives9 one leadin# co&'an, !as resorted to intervie in# t!e to' candidates "or a 'osition all to#et!er in a sin#le #ro%'. T!is tec!ni0%e is s%''osed to a""ord a direct co&'arison o" t!e candidates it! res'ect to so&e 'ersonal 0%alities t!at cannot be #leaned "ro& a res%&e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e val%e o" t!e si&%ltaneo%s intervie tec!ni0%e.A/ Res%&es do so&eti&es allo reliable in"erences to be &ade abo%t a candidates 'ersonal 0%alities. .1/ T!e si&%ltaneo%s intervie co%ld beco&e c%&berso&e i" t!ere ere a #reat &an, candidates "or a 'osition. .C/ T!e &ore 'erce'tive t!e intervie er9 t!e &ore revealin# t!e si&%ltaneo%s intervie is a't to be. .3/ T!ere are certain 'ersonal 0%alities t!at onl, an e(tended si&%ltaneo%s intervie can brin# o%t. .E/ T!e si&%ltaneo%s intervie distorts eac! candidates res'onse st,le b, ind%cin# stresses %nlike an, an e(ec%tive 'osition ind%ces. 5I. T!e Asian A&erican :istor, Association receives a''ro(i&atel, 19III 'ro'osals eac! ,ear "ro& individ%als !o is! to 'resent 'a'ers at its ann%al &eetin#. T!e associations o""icers o%ld like to ens%re constant standards o" 0%alit, in t!e 'resentations "ro& ,ear to ,ear. T!e o""icers !ave t!ere"ore decided to acce't "or 'resentation eac! ,ear onl, t!e best <II 'a'ers selected on t!e basis o" t!e 0%alit, o" t!e 'ro'osals s%b&itted. 7" t!e "ollo in#9 t!e best criticis& o" t!e o""icers 'lan is t!at t!e 'lan ass%&es t!at .A/ Fro"essional associations cannot acce't all 'a'ers s%b&itted "or 'resentation at t!eir ann%al &eetin#s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CH

.1/ T!e total n%&ber o" 'ro'osals s%b&itted to t!e association ill re&ain at a''ro(i&atel, 19III in "%t%re ,ears. .C/ Eac! 'ro'osal s%b&itted to t!e association deserves to be considered a serio%s candidate "or 'resentation. .3/ It is di""ic%lt to +%d#e t!e 0%alit, o" a 'a'er on t!e basis o" t!e 'ro'osal alone. .E/ T!e best <II 'a'ers s%b&itted to t!e association "or 'resentation ill be o" t!e sa&e 0%alit, "ro& ,ear to ,ear. TEST III 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. T o #ro%'s o" laborator, &ice ere in+ected it! cancero%s cells. 7ne #ro%'s ca#es ere rotated in a disorientin# &anner. T o8t!irds o" t!ese &ice develo'ed cancers. 7ne8tent! o" t!e &ice in stationar, ca#es develo'ed cancers. T!e researc!ers concl%ded t!at stress en!ances t!e develo'&ent o" cancer in laborator, &ice. T!e researc!ers concl%sion lo#icall, de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Rotatin# t!e ca#es in disorientin# &anner 'rod%ced stress in t!e &ice in t!ose ca#es. .1/ T!e in+ections #iven to t!e t o #ro%'s o" &ice ere not o" e0%al stren#t!. .C/ In+ectin# t!e &ice it! cancero%s cells ca%sed stress in t!e &ice. .3/ Even it!o%t t!e in+ections t!e &ice in t!e rotated ca#es o%ld !ave develo'ed cancers. .E/ Even t!e rotation o" ca#es in a &anner t!at is not disorientin# is likel, to 'rod%ce stress in &ice in t!ose ca#es. 5. In 1BCG abo%t BI 'ercent o" t!e to ns in 2e *ork State banned t!e sale o" alco!olic bevera#es. A recent article abo%t t!e bans concl%des t!at &id8 nineteent!8cent%r, s%''orters o" t!e te&'erance &ove&ent ere not residents o" re&ote r%ral areas9 as !as o"ten been assertedD rat!er9 t!e, ere concentrated in centers o" econo&ic o''ort%nit,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best s%''orts t!e concl%sion reac!ed in t!e article.A/ A"ter 1BCG t!e te&'erance &ove&ent #re ra'idl, and it "lo%ris!ed %ntil t!e t%rn o" t!e cent%r,. .1/ S%''ort "or t!e ban on alco!ol as stron#est in 2e *ork to ns !ere t!e econo&, as based on ne 9 #ro in# ind%stries. .C/ Man, ,o%n# 2e *ork State "ar&ers s%''orted t!e ban on alco!ol. .3/ T!e &ost ada&ant o''onents o" t!e ban incl%ded several a""l%ent "actor, and &ill o ners. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.E/ In 2e *ork Cit,9 !ic! as a co&&ercial center in 1BCG9 t!e sale o" alco!olic bevera#es as not banned. <. In 1HBC E(co9 !ic! sells it s 'rod%cts onl, t!ro%#! &ail8order catalo#s9 be#an distrib%tin# its catalo# to 'eo'le !o !ad never '%rc!ased E(cos 'rod%cts9 !ile it contin%ed to distrib%te t!e catalo# to 'revio%s c%sto&ers. Total dollar sales increased in 1HBC9 b%t E(cos 'ro"its t!at ,ear ere s&aller t!an in 1HB<. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to an e('lanation o" E(cos s&aller 'ro"its in 1HBC9 as co&'ared to 1HB<.A/ T!ere as a t o 'ercent increase in 1HBC in t!e sales ta( t!at cons%&ers !ad to 'a, on all '%rc!ases "ro& t!e catalo#. .1/ A #reater n%&ber o" catalo#s ere sent to 'revio%s c%sto&ers t!an to 'eo'le !o never '%rc!ased 'rod%cts "ro& E(co. .C/ In 1HBC E(cos 'rod%ct8&an%"act%rin# costs increased b, a s&aller a&o%nt t!an t!e 'rod%cts sellin# 'rices increased. .3/ C%sto&ers !o never 'revio%sl, '%rc!ased 'rod%cts "ro& E(co '%rc!ased9 on t!e avera#e9 "e er 'rod%cts in 1HBC t!an did 'revio%s c%sto&ers. .E/ T!e increase bet een 1HB< and 1HBC in t!e cost o" &ailin# t!e catalo#s as #reater t!an t!e increase in sales "ro& 1HB< to 1HBC. C. Feo'le livin# in t!e %ndevelo'ed ilderness area ant +obs9 and co&&ercial develo'&ent o" t!e area ill create +obs. 1%t i" t!e ne co&&ercial develo'&ent 'lan is carried o%t9 t!e ilderness ill s%""er. T!%s t!e board considerin# t!e areas "%t%re &%st c!oose bet een t!e 'reservation o" t!e ilderness and t!e is!es o" t!e local 'eo'le. T!e ans er to !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions o%ld be LEAST relevant to eval%atin# !et!er t!e board indeed "aces t!e c!oice t!e a%t!or sa,s it "aces.A/ Co%ld co&&ercial develo'&ent be carried o%t %nder an alternative 'lan it!o%t da&a#in# t!e ilderness.1/ 6o%ld co&&ercial develo'&ent o" t!e ilderness area si#ni"icantl, bene"it 'eo'le livin# else !ere.C/ 6o%ld t!e +obs created b, t!e ne develo'&ent 'lan be "illed b, t!e local 'eo'le.3/ 3o local 'eo'le s%''ort or o''ose co&&ercial develo'&ent o" t!e ilderness area.E/ Can +ob be 'rovided it!o%t co&&ercial develo'&ent o" t!e ilderness areaQuestions 5-& are based on the following. T!e lobb,ists ar#%ed t!at beca%se t!ere is no statistical evidence t!at breat!in# ot!er 'eo'les tobacco s&oke increases t!e incidence o" !eart disease or l%n# cancer in !ealt!, nons&okers9 le#islation bannin# s&okin# in ork'laces cannot be +%sti"ied on http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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!ealt! #ro%nds. @. T!e ar#%&ent re'orted above o%ld be &ost serio%sl, eakened i" it ere tr%e t!at .A/ 1reat!in# s&oke8"illed air increase t!e incidence o" !eadac!es and co%#!s in !ealt!, nons&okers. .1/ Most nons&okers dislike t!e odor o" s&oke8"illed air. .C/ S&oke8"illed air is a &a+or so%rce o" t!e dirt t!at da&a#es co&'%ters and ot!er sensitive e0%i'&ent. .3/ Most orkers o%ld 're"er to !ave s&okin# banned in ork'laces. .E/ Le#islation bannin# s&okin# in ork'laces decreases "riction bet een s&okin# and nons&okin# orkers and is eas, to en"orce. G. 7" t!e "ollo in#9 !ic! is t!e best criticis& o" t!e ar#%&ent re'orted above.A/ It i#nores ca%ses o" l%n# cancer ot!er t!an s&okin#. .1/ It ne#lects t!e da&a#in# e""ects o" s&oke8"illed air on nons&okers !o are not !ealt!,. .C/ It "ails to &ention t!e roles 'la,ed b, diet9 e(ercise9 and !eredit, in t!e develo'&ent o" !eart disease. .3/ It does not consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at nons&okers !o breat!e s&oke8 "illed air at ork &a, beco&e &ore concerned abo%t t!eir !ealt!. .E/ It does not ackno led#e t!at nons&okers9 even t!ose !o breat!e s&oke8 "illed air at ork9 are in #eneral !ealt!ier t!an s&okers. A. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo 6!en a 'ro+ect is "ailin# and s!o%ld be ter&inated9 'lan to brin# in a ne &ana#er. 2e &ana#ers are &ore likel, to ter&inate t!e 'ro+ect t!an are t!e ori#inal &ana#ers beca%se;;;;;; .A/ t!e 'ro+ect &a, !ave "ailed "or reasons t!at t!e ori#inal &ana#er co%ld not !ave "oreseen .1/ or#ani)ations tend to re ard &ana#ers !o can overco&e 'roble&s .C/ &ana#erial decisions to ter&inate a 'ro+ect s!o%ld de'end on t!e likeli!ood o" t!e 'ro+ects event%al s%ccess .3/ t!e ori#inal &ana#ers ere not necessaril, able to overco&e 'roble&s ca%sed b, e(ternal events over !ic! t!e, !ad no control .E/ t!e ne &ana#ers !ave no need to +%sti", t!e earlier decision to &aintain t!e 'ro+ect B. State Es inco&e8avera#in# la allo s a 'ortion o" ones inco&e to be ta(ed at lo er rate t!an t!e rate based on ones total ta(able inco&e. To %se inco&e avera#in#9 t!e ta('a,er &%st !ave earned ta(able inco&e "or a 'artic%lar ,ear t!at e(ceeds 1CI 'ercent o" !is or !er avera#e ta(able inco&e "or t!e 'revio%s t!ree http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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,ears. Feo'le %sin# inco&e avera#in# o e less ta( "or t!at ,ear t!an t!e, o%ld it!o%t inco&e avera#in#. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# individ%als o%ld be &ost serio%sl, a""ected i" inco&e avera#in# ere not 'er&itted in co&'%tin# t!e ta(es o ed "or c%rrent ,ear.A/ Individ%als !ose inco&e !as steadil, decreased "or t!e 'ast t!ree ,ears .1/ Individ%als !ose inco&e increased b, @I 'ercent "o%r ,ears a#o and !as re&ained t!e sa&e since t!en .C/ Individ%als !ose inco&e !as do%bled t!is ,ear a"ter re&ainin# abo%t t!e sa&e "or "ive ,ears .3/ Individ%als !o !ad no inco&e t!is ,ear9 b%t did in eac! o" t!e 'revio%s t!ree ,ears .E/ Individ%als !o are retired and !ose inco&e !as re&ained abo%t t!e sa&e "or t!e 'ast ten ,ears H. Accordin# to a recent st%d,9 "i"teen cor'orations in t!e =nited States t!at "ollo a credo o" social res'onsibilit, are also ver, 'ro"itable. 1eca%se o" t!eir credos9 t!ese "i"teen cor'orations #ive #enero%sl, to c!arit,9 "ollo strin#ent environ&ental8'rotection 'olicies9 and !ave vi#oro%s a""ir&ative8action 'ro#ra&s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be correctl, in"erred "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ $ollo in# a credo o" social res'onsibilit, !el's to &ake a cor'oration ver, 'ro"itable. .1/ It is 'ossible "or a cor'oration t!at "ollo s a credo o" social res'onsibilit, to be ver, 'ro"itable. .C/ A cor'oration t!at #ives #enero%sl, to c!arit, &%st be doin# so beca%se o" its credo o" social res'onsibilit,. .3/ Cor'orations t!at are ver, 'ro"itable tend to #ive #enero%sl, to c!arit,. .E/ Cor'orations t!at !ave vi#oro%s a""ir&ative8action 'ro#ra&s also tend to "ollo strin#ent environ&ental8'rotection 'olicies. 1I. A ,ear a"ter t!e start an e('eri&ent to decrease cri&e in t o !i#!8cri&e s%b a, stations b, t!e installation o" closed8circ%it televisions9 t!e e('eri&ent is bein# discontin%ed9 cit, o""icials sa, t!e 'ro#ra& !as led to an increase in cri&e9 citin# t!e "act t!at "ollo in# t!e installation9 bot! stations s!o ed increases in t!e n%&ber o" cri&es re'orted. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e clai& o" t!e cit, o""icials t!at t!e 'ro#ra& !as led to an increase in cri&e.A/ T!e t o s%b a, stations !ad been c!osen on t!e basis s%b a, stations as !i#!er t!an t!at o" ot!er !i#!8cri&e s%b a, stations not e0%i''ed it! closed8circ%it8television. .1/ T!e rate o" increase in cri&es re'orted "or t o s%b a, stations as !i#!er t!an t!at o" ot!er !i#!8cri&e s%b a, stations not e0%i''ed it! closed8 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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circ%it television. .C/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" all cri&es co&&itted at t!e t o s%b a, stations t!at ere re'orted rose as a res%lt o" increased instances o" observations o" cri&e on t!e closed8circ%it televisions. .3/ T!e ,ear in !ic! t!e e('eri&ent as cond%cted as a ,ear in !ic! t!e total n%&ber o" cri&es re'orted in t!e cit, "ell. .E/ Closed8circ%it televisions installed in s!o's and stores t!ro%#!o%t t!e cit, !ave 'roved to be %se"%l in t!e 'revention o" s!o'li"tin# and b%r#laries. 11. A #overn&ent a#enc, t!at rei&b%rses its clients "or bills t!e, !ave 'aid "or &edical care !as !ad t!is ,ears b%d#et c%t. To save &one, it!o%t c%ttin# rei&b%rse&ents or ot!er ise !ar&in# clients "inanciall,9 it 'lans to dela, rei&b%rse&ents to clients "or "ort, da,s9 t!ereb, earnin# L1BI &illion 'er ,ear in interest on t!e rei&b%rse&ent &one,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e best criticis& o" t!e a#enc,s 'lan.A/ :os'itals and '!,sicians t,'icall, !old 'atients res'onsible "or t!e %lti&ate 'a,&ent o" t!eir bills. .1/ T!e a#enc, cannot save &one, b, c%ttin# sta"" beca%se it is alread, %ndersta""ed. .C/ So&e clients borro &one, to 'a, t!eir &edical billsD t!e, ill 'a, "ort, e(tra da,s o" interest on t!ese loans. .3/ So&e clients 'a, t!eir &edical bills i&&ediatel,9 b%t t!e, o"ten take &ore t!an "ort, da,s to "ile it! t!e a#enc, "or rei&b%rse&ent. .E/ T!e a#enc,s b%d#et as c%t b, &ore t!an L1BI &illion last ,ear. Questions 1!-13 are based on the following. Record co&'anies de"end t!eir s%bstit%tion o" laser8read co&'act discs .C3s/ "or t!e &%c! less e('ensive traditional lon#8'la,in# vin,l records in t!eir catalo#s b, clai&in# t!at t!e a%dio &arket is r%led b, cons%&er de&and "or ever8i&'roved so%nd re'rod%ction rat!er t!an b, record &an%"act%rers 'ro"it8&otivated &arketin# decisions. 1%t t!is clai& cannot be tr%e9 beca%se i" it ere tr%e9 t!en di#ital a%diota'e9 !ic! 'rod%ces even better so%nd t!an C3s9 o%ld be co&&erciall, available "ro& t!ese sa&e record co&'anies9 b%t it is not. 15. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains !o t!e record co&'anies clai& abo%t t!e nat%re o" t!e a%dio re'rod%ction &arket co%ld be tr%e and di#ital a%diota'e nevert!eless be %navailable "or t!e co&&ercial &arket.A/ Most cons%&ers 're"er a%diota'e to lon#8'la,in# records or C3s beca%se o" t!e ta'es d%rabilit, and co&'actness. .1/ Frotot,'es o" di#ital a%diota'e !ave been %sed to &ake &aster ta'es o" so&e 'er"or&ances in recordin# st%dios. .C/ T!e &an%"act%rin# tec!nolo#, t!at %nderlies t!e co&&ercial 'rod%ction o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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C3s re0%ires e0%i'&ent ver, si&ilar to t!at needed "or co&&ercial 'rod%ction o" di#ital a%diota'e. .3/ Record co&'anies !ave not ,et solved several 0%alit,8control 'roble&s t!at !ave beset atte&'ts to 'rod%ce di#ital a%diota'e in co&&ercial 0%antities. .E/ C3s are &ore e('ensive t!an lon#8'la,in# vin,l records b, abo%t t!e sa&e ratio as di#ital a%diota'e cassettes o%ld be &ore e('ensive t!an conventional cassettes. 1<. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent a#ainst t!e record co&'anies clai&.A/ 6!en C3s ere "irst introd%ced in t!e a%dio8re'rod%ction &arket9 'rices ere !i#! and selection as 'oor. .1/ Record co&'anies are rel%ctant to atte&'t co&&ercial 'rod%ction o" di#ital a%diota'e %ntil 'ro"its "ro& t!e sales o" C3s !ave enabled t!e& to recover t!eir invest&ents in co&'act8disc &an%"act%rin# tec!nolo#,. .C/ So&e C3s !ave been so &%c! in de&and t!at cons%&ers !ave e('erienced lon# dela,s in obtainin# co'ies. .3/ 1eca%se C3s ork accordin# to 'rinci'les ver, di""erent "ro& t!ose t!at #overn conventional recordin#s9 co&&ercial 'rod%ction o" C3s re0%ires ne kinds o" &an%"act%rin# tec!nolo#,. .E/ An, valid co&'arison o" C3 a%dio re'rod%ctions to di#ital a%diota'e re'rod%ctions &%st be based on identical 'er"or&ances 'la,ed back on t!e !i#!est 0%alit, disc or ta'e 'la,er. 1C. T!e 'resident o" a cons%ltin# "ir& anal,)ed t!e decisions &ade abo%t &arketin# b, !er clients and concl%ded t!at t!e decisions ere correct onl, abo%t !al" o" t!e ti&e. T!e concl%sion above de'ends on t!e 'res%''osition t!at .A/ co&'anies can be s%ccess"%l even !en abo%t !al" o" t!e decisions t!e, &ake abo%t &arketin# 'rove to be ron# .1/ co&'anies !irin# !er cons%ltin# "ir& &ake no &ore incorrect &arketin# decisions t!an do co&'anies in #eneral .C/ e(ec%tives consistentl, &akin# correct &arketin# decisions rarel, enlist t!e aid o" a cons%ltin# "ir& .3/ &arketin# decision are +%st as likel, to be correct as t!e, are to be incorrect .E/ it is 'ossible to classi", a &arketin# decision 'ro'erl, as bein# eit!er ri#!t or ron# 1@. It is tr%e t!at %nioni)ed o&en earn9 on avera#e9 &ore t!an a t!ird &ore t!an non%nioni)ed o&en do. 1%t t!e %nioni)ed o&en ork in ind%stries !ere a#es !a''en to be !i#!9 t!eir non%nioni)ed co%nter'arts in t!ese ind%stries earn abo%t as &%c! as t!e, do. T!ere"ore %nioni)ation does not raise o&ens a#es.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 1esides a#e increases9 %nions bar#ain "or bene"its s%c! as &edical ins%rance and ork'lace sa"et,. .1/ T!e &ost !i#!l, 'aid o&en are in e(ec%tive 'ositions9 !ic! are not %nioni)ed. .C/ 6a#es in &an, ind%stries var, "ro& one 'art o" t!e co%ntr, to anot!er9 re#ardless o" !et!er orkers are %nioni)ed or not. .3/ 2on%nioni)ed o&en in an ind%str, o"ten receive inco&e increases as a res%lt o" increases on b, %nions re'resentin# o&en !o ork "or ot!er e&'lo,ers in t!e sa&e ind%str,. .E/ T!e %nioni)ation o" o&en !o ork "or one e&'lo,er in a #iven ind%str, "re0%entl, 'ro&'ts t!e %nioni)ation o" o&en !o ork "or ot!er e&'lo,ers in t!e sa&e ind%str,. 1G. A violin constr%cted to !ave i&'roved so%nd o%ld so%nd di""erent "ro& t!e best8so%ndin# e(istin# violins. To 'ro"essional violinists9 a violin t!at so%nds di""erent "ro& t!e best8so%ndin# e(istin# violins so%nds less like a violin and t!ere"ore orse t!an t!e best8 so%ndin# e(istin# violins. Fro"essional violinists are t!e onl, acce'ted +%d#es o" t!e so%nd 0%alit, o" violins. 6o%ld be t!e best s%''orted b, t!ose state&ents.A/ 7nl, a&ate%r violinists s!o%ld be asked to +%d#e t!e so%nd 0%alit, o" ne l, constr%cted violins. .1/ Fro"essional violinists s%'ervise t!e constr%ction o" violins. .C/ T!e best8so%ndin# e(istin# violins !ave been in e(istence "ro several cent%ries. .3/ It is c%rrentl, i&'ossible to constr%ct a violin t!at t!e onl, acce'ted +%d#es ill eval%ate as !avin# i&'roved so%nd. .E/ It is 'ossible to constr%ct a violin t!at so%nds better t!an t!e best8so%ndin# e(istin# violins to ever,one b%t 'ro"essional violinists. 1A. T!e "act t!at several o" t!e lar#est senior citi)ens or#ani)ations are constit%ted al&ost e(cl%sivel, o" &iddle8class elderl, 'eo'le !as led critics to 0%estion t!e serio%sness o" t!ose or#ani)ations co&&it&ent to s'eakin# o%t on be!al" o" t!e needs o" econo&icall, disadvanta#ed elderl, 'eo'le. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# #enerali)ations9 i" tr%e9 o%ld !el' to s%bstantiate t!e criticis& i&'licit in t!e state&ent above.A/ T!e ideolo#, o" an or#ani)ation tends re"lect t!e traditional 'olitical cli&ate o" its locale. .1/ T!e needs o" disadvanta#ed elderl, 'eo'le di""er in so&e a,s "ro& t!ose o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@G

ot!er disadvanta#ed #ro%'s it!in conte&'orar, societ,. .C/ 7r#ani)ed #ro%'s are better able to '%blici)e t!eir 'roble&s and seek redress t!an individ%als actin# alone. .3/ Middle8class elderl, 'eo'le are &ore likel, to +oin or#ani)ations t!an are econo&icall, disadvanta#ed elderl, 'eo'le. .E/ Feo'le %s%all, +oin or#ani)ations !ose '%r'ose is to "%rt!er t!e econo&ic9 'olitical9 or social interests o" t!eir &e&bers. 1B. Cor'orate 7""icer: Last ,ear as an %n%s%all, 'oor one "or o%r c!e&ical division9 !ic! !as traditionall, contrib%ted abo%t GI 'ercent o" t!e cor'orations 'ro"its. It is t!ere"ore enco%ra#in# t!at t!ere is t!e "ollo in# evidence t!at t!e '!ar&ace%tical division is #ro in# stron#er: it contrib%ted C@ 'ercent o" t!e cor'orations 'ro"its9 %' "ro& 5I 'ercent t!e 'revio%s ,ear. 7n t!e basis o" t!e "acts stated9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best criti0%e o" t!e evidence 'resented above.A/ T!e increase in t!e '!ar&ace%tical divisions contrib%tion to cor'oration 'ro"its co%ld !ave res%lted lar#el, "ro& t!e introd%ction o" sin#le9 i&'ortant ne 'rod%ct. .1/ In &%ltidivisional cor'orations t!at !ave '!ar&ace%tical divisions9 over !al" o" t!e cor'orations 'ro"its %s%all, co&e "ro& t!e '!ar&ace%ticals. .C/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" t!e cor'orations 'ro"its attrib%table to t!e '!ar&ace%tical division co%ld !ave increased even i" t!at divisions 'er"or&ance !ad not i&'roved. .3/ T!e in"or&ation cited does not &ake it 'ossible to deter&ine !et!er t!e 5I 'ercent s!are o" 'ro"its cited as itsel" an i&'rove&ent over t!e ,ear be"ore. .E/ T!e in"or&ation cited does not &ake it 'ossible to co&'are t!e 'er"or&ance o" t!e c!e&ical and '!ar&ace%tical divisions in o" t!e 'ercent o" total 'ro"its attrib%table to eac!. 1H. Identical t ins tend to !ave si&ilar 'ersonalitiesD i" environ&ent o%t ei#!s !eredit, in 'ersonalit, develo'&ent9 t ins raised to#et!er s!o%ld 'res%&abl, !ave &ore si&ilar 'ersonalities t!an t!ose raised a'art. A recent st%d, o" identical t ins in bot! sit%ations &eas%red 11 ke, traits t!ro%#! a 0%estionnaire9 and concl%ded t!at A o" t!e 11 are 'ri&aril, 'rod%cts o" !eredit,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld cast t!e &ost do%bt on t!e st%d,s res%lts.A/ $e er t!an !al" o" t!e 'airs o" t ins st%died ere raised se'aratel,. .1/ T!e a#es o" all o" t!e t ins st%died "ell it!in a 1I8,ear ran#e. .C/ So&e o" t!e traits t!at t!e st%d, attrib%ted to !eredit, develo'ed in t!e se'aratel, raised t ins beca%se t!ose 'airs all #re %' in si&ilar "a&ilies. .3/ Alt!o%#! over !al" t!e traits &eas%red ere deter&ined to be linked to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@A

!eredit,9 t!e nat%re o" t!ose traits varied idel,. .E/ T!e 11 traits t!at ere &eas%red constit%te a re'resentative sa&'le o" lar#er9 #enerall, acce'ted 'ool o" ke, 'ersonalit, traits. 5I. 6!en 'eo'le 'redict t!at certain res%lt ill not take 'lace %nless a certain action is taken9 t!e, believe t!at t!e, !ave learned t!at t!e 'rediction is correct !en t!e action is taken and t!e res%lt occ%rs. 7n re"lection9 !o ever9 it o"ten beco&es clear t!at t!e res%lt ad&its o" &ore t!an one inter'retation. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best s%''orts t!e clai&s above.A/ J%d#in# t!e s%ccess o" an action re0%ires s'eci",in# t!e #oal o" t!e action. .1/ J%d#in# !ic! action to take a"ter a 'rediction is &ade re0%ires kno in# abo%t ot!er actions t!at !ave been s%ccess"%l in si&ilar 'ast sit%ations. .C/ Learnin# !et!er a certain 'redictive strate#, is #ood re0%ires kno in# t!e res%lt %sin# t!at strate#, t!ro%#! several trials. .3/ 3istin#%is!in# a correct 'rediction and e""ective action "ro& an incorrect 'rediction and ine""ective action is o"ten i&'ossible. .E/ Makin# a s%ccess"%l 'rediction re0%ires kno in# t!e "acts abo%t t!e conte(t o" t!at 'rediction. TEST 1 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. 2earl, one in t!ree s%bscribers to (inan$ial (ore$aster is a &illionaire9 and over !al" are in to' &ana#e&ent. S!o%ldnt ,o% s%bscribe to (inan$ial (ore$aster no A reader !o is neit!er a &illionaire nor in to' &ana#e&ent o%ld be &ost likel, to act in accordance it! t!e advertise&ents s%##estion i" !e or s!e dre !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estionable concl%sions invited b, t!e advertise&ent.A/ A&on# "inance8related 'eriodicals. (inan$ial (ore$aster 'rovides t!e &ost detailed "inancial in"or&ation. .1/ To' &ana#ers cannot do t!eir +obs 'ro'erl, it!o%t readin# (inan$ial (ore$aster. .C/ T!e advertise&ent is 'laced !ere t!ose !o ill be likel, to read it are &illionaires. .3/ T!e s%bscribers &entioned ere !el'ed to beco&e &illionaires or +oin to' &ana#e&ent b, readin# (inan$ial (ore$aster. .E/ 7nl, t!ose !o ill in "act beco&e &illionaires9 or at least to' &ana#ers9 ill read t!e advertise&ent. Questions !-3 are based on the following. Contrar, to t!e c!ar#es &ade b, so&e o" its o''onents9 t!e 'rovisions o" t!e ne de"icit8red%ction la "or indiscri&inate c%ts in t!e "ederal b%d#et are +%sti"ied.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@B

7''onents s!o%ld re&e&ber t!at t!e 2e 3eal '%lled t!is co%ntr, o%t o" #reat econo&ic tro%bles even t!o%#! so&e o" its 'ro#ra&s ere later "o%nd to be %nconstit%tional. 5. T!e a%t!ors &et!od o" attackin# t!e c!ar#es o" certain o''onents o" t!e ne de"icit8red%ction la is to .A/ attack t!e c!aracter o" t!e o''onents rat!er t!an t!eir clai& .1/ i&'l, an analo#, bet een t!e la and so&e 2e 3eal 'ro#ra&s .C/ 'oint o%t t!at t!e o''onents clai&s i&'l, a dile&&a .3/ s!o t!at t!e o''onents reasonin# leads to an abs%rd concl%sion .E/ s!o t!at t!e 2e 3eal also called "or indiscri&inate c%ts in t!e "ederal b%d#et <. T!e o''onents co%ld e""ectivel, de"end t!eir 'osition a#ainst t!e a%t!ors strate#, b, 'ointin# o%t t!at .A/ t!e e('ertise o" t!ose o''osin# t!e la is o%tstandin# .1/ t!e lack o" +%sti"ication "or t!e ne la does not i&'l, t!at t!ose !o dre it %' ere eit!er ine't or i&&oral .C/ t!e 'ractical a''lication o" t!e ne la c%ts ill not entail indiscri&inate b%d#et

.3/ econo&ic tro%bles 'resent at t!e ti&e o" t!e 2e 3eal ere e0%al in severit, to t!ose t!at !ave led to t!e 'resent la .E/ t!e "act t!at certain "la ed 'ro#ra&s or la s !ave i&'roved t!e econo&, does not 'rove t!at ever, s%c! 'ro#ra& can do so C. In Millin#ton9 a cit, o" @I9III 'eo'le9 Mercedes Fedrosa9 a realtor9 calc%lated t!at a "a&il, it! Millin#tons &edian "a&il, inco&e9 L5B9III a ,ear9 co%ld a""ord to b%, Millin#tons &edian8'riced LAA9III !o%se. T!is calc%lation as based on an 11.5 'ercent &ort#a#e interest rate and on t!e realtors ass%&'tion t!at a "a&il, co%ld onl, a""ord to 'a, %' to 5@ 'ercent o" its inco&e "or !o%sin#. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# corrections o" a "i#%re a''earin# in t!e 'assa#e above9 i" it ere t!e onl, correction t!at needed to be &ade9 o%ld ,ield a ne calc%lation s!o in# t!at even inco&es belo t!e &edian "a&il, inco&e o%ld enable "a&ilies in Millin#ton to a""ord Millin#tons &edian8'riced !o%se.A/ Millin#tons total 'o'%lation as C@9III 'eo'le. .1/ Millin#tons &edian ann%al "a&il, inco&e as L5A9III. .C/ Millin#tons &edian8'riced !o%se cost LBI9III. .3/ T!e rate at !ic! 'eo'le in Millin#ton !ad to 'a, &ort#a#e interest as onl, 1I 'ercent. .E/ $a&ilies in Millin#ton co%ld onl, a""ord to 'a, %' to 55 'ercent o" t!eir ann%al inco&e "or !o%sin#.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@H

@.

Fs,c!olo#ical researc! indicates t!at colle#e !ocke, and "ootball 'la,ers are &ore 0%ickl, &oved to !ostilit, and a##ression t!an are colle#e at!letes in noncontact s'orts s%c! as s i&&in#. 1%t t!e researc!ers concl%sionKt!at contact s'orts enco%ra#e and teac! 'artici'ants to be !ostile and a##ressiveKis %ntenable. T!e "ootball and !ocke, 'la,ers ere 'robabl, &ore !ostile and a##ressive to start it! t!an t!e s i&&ers. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion dra n b, t!e 's,c!olo#ical researc!ers.A/ T!e "ootball and !ocke, 'la,ers beca&e &ore !ostile and a##ressive d%rin# t!e season and re&ained so d%rin# t!e o""8season9 !ereas t!ere as no increase in a##ressiveness a&on# t!e s i&&ers. .1/ T!e "ootball and !ocke, 'la,ers9 b%t not t!e s i&&ers9 ere a are at t!e start o" t!e e('eri&ent t!at t!e, ere bein# tested "or a##ressiveness. .C/ T!e sa&e 's,c!olo#ical researc! indicated t!at t!e "ootball and !ocke, 'la,ers !ad a #reat res'ect "or coo'eration and tea& 'la,9 !ereas t!e s i&&ers ere &ost concerned it! e(cellin# as individ%al co&'etitors. .3/ T!e researc! st%dies ere desi#ned to incl%de no colle#e at!letes !o 'artici'ated in bot! contact and noncontact s'orts. .E/ T!ro%#!o%t t!e =nited States9 &ore incidents o" "an violence occ%r at baseball #a&es t!an occ%r at !ocke, or "ootball #a&es.

G.

Ross: T!e 'ro"itabilit, o" Co&'an, E9 restored to 'rivate o ners!i' "ive ,ears a#o9 is clear evidence t!at b%sinesses ill al a,s "are better %nder 'rivate t!an %nder '%blic o ners!i'. J%lia: 6ron#. A close look at t!e records s!o s t!at E !as been 'ro"itable since t!e a''oint&ent o" a "irst8class &ana#er9 !ic! !a''ened !ile E as still in t!e '%bic sector. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best describes t!e eak 'oint in Rosss clai& on !ic! J%lias res'onse "oc%ses.A/ T!e evidence Ross cites co&es "ro& onl, a sin#le observed case9 t!at o" Co&'an, E. .1/ T!e 'ro"itabilit, o" Co&'an, E &i#!t be onl, te&'orar,. .C/ Rosss state&ent leaves o'en t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e ca%se !e cites ca&e a"ter t!e e""ect !e attrib%tes to it. .3/ 2o &ention is &ade o" co&'anies t!at are 'artl, #overn&ent o ned and 'artl, 'rivatel, o ned. .E/ 2o e(act "i#%res are #iven "or t!e c%rrent 'ro"its o" Co&'an, E.

A.

Stron#er 'atent la s are needed to 'rotect inventions "ro& bein# 'irated. 6it! t!at 'rotection9 &an%"act%rers o%ld be enco%ra#ed to invest in t!e develo'&ent o" ne 'rod%cts and tec!nolo#ies. S%c! invest&ent "re0%entl, res%lts in an increase in a &an%"act%rers 'rod%ctivit,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GI

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can &ost 'ro'erl, be dra n "ro& t!e in"or&ation above.A/ Stron#er 'atent la s tend to bene"it "inancial instit%tions as ell as &an%"act%rers. .1/ Increased 'rod%ctivit, in &an%"act%rin# is likel, to be acco&'anied b, t!e creation o" &ore &an%"act%rin# +obs. .C/ Man%"act%rers ill decrease invest&ent in t!e develo'&ent o" ne 'rod%cts and tec!nolo#ies %nless t!ere are stron#er 'atent la s. .3/ T!e eakness o" c%rrent 'atent la s !as been a ca%se o" econo&ic recession. .E/ Stron#er 'atent la s o%ld sti&%late i&'rove&ents in 'rod%ctivit, "or &an, &an%"act%rers. B. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo At lar#e a&%se&ent 'arks9 live s!o s are %sed ver, deliberatel, to in"l%ence cro d &ove&ents. L%nc!ti&e 'er"or&ances relieve t!e 'ress%re on a 'arks resta%rants. Evenin# 'er"or&ances !ave a rat!er di""erent '%r'ose: to enco%ra#e visitors to sta, "or s%''er. 1e!ind t!is s%r"ace diver#ence in i&&ediate '%r'ose t!ere is t!e %ni"ied %nderl,in# #oal o";;;;;; .A/ kee'in# t!e lines at t!e vario%s rides s!ort b, dra in# o"" 'art o" t!e cro d .1/ en!ancin# reven%e b, attractin# 'eo'le !o co&e onl, "or t!e live s!o s and t!en leave t!e 'ark .C/ avoidin# as "ar as 'ossible tra""ic +a&s ca%sed b, visitors enterin# or leavin# t!e 'ark .3/ enco%ra#in# as &an, 'eo'le as 'ossible to co&e to t!e 'ark in order to eat at t!e resta%rants .E/ %tili)in# t!e resta%rants at o'ti&al levels "or as &%c! o" t!e da, as 'ossible H. Ja&es ei#!s &ore t!an Mell,. L%is ei#!s &ore t!an Mark. Mark ei#!s less t!an 2ed. Mell, and 2ed are e(actl, t!e sa&e ei#!t. I" t!e in"or&ation above is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ L%is ei#!s &ore t!an 2ed. .1/ L%is ei#!s &ore t!an Ja&es. .C/ Mell, ei#!s less t!an L%is. .3/ Ja&es ei#!s &ore t!an Mark. .E/ Mell, ei#!s less t!an Mark. Questions 10-11 are based on the following. Fartl, beca%se o" bad eat!er9 b%t also 'artl, beca%se so&e &a+or 'e''er #ro ers !ave s itc!ed to !i#!8'riced cocoa9 orld 'rod%ction o" 'e''er !as been r%nnin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1

ell belo orld ide sales "or t!ree ,ears. Fe''er is conse0%entl, in relativel, s!ort s%''l,. T!e 'rice o" 'e''er !as soared in res'onse: it no e0%als t!at o" cocoa. 1I. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ Fe''er is a 'ro"itable cro' onl, i" it is #ro n on a lar#e scale. .1/ 6orld cons%&'tion o" 'e''er !as been %n%s%all, !i#! "or t!ree ,ears. .C/ 6orld 'rod%ction o" 'e''er ill ret%rn to 'revio%s levels once nor&al eat!er ret%rns. .3/ S%r'l%s stocks o" 'e''er !ave been red%ced in t!e 'ast t!ree ,ears. .E/ T!e 'ro"its t!at t!e #ro ers o" 'e''er !ave &ade in t!e 'ast t!ree ,ears !ave been %n'recedented. 11. So&e observers !ave concl%ded t!at t!e rise in t!e 'rice o" 'e''er &eans t!at t!e s itc! b, so&e #ro ers "ro& 'e''er to cocoa le"t t!ose #ro ers no better o"" t!an i" none o" t!e& !ad s itc!edD t!is concl%sion9 !o ever9 is %n arranted beca%se it can be in"erred to be likel, t!at .A/ t!ose #ro ers co%ld not !ave "oreseen !o !i#! t!e 'rice o" 'e''er o%ld #o .1/ t!e initial cost involved in s itc!in# "ro& 'e''er to cocoa is s%bstantial .C/ s%''lies o" 'e''er o%ld not be as lo as t!e, are i" t!ose #ro ers !ad not s itc!ed cro's .3/ cocoa cro's are as s%sce'tible to bein# red%ced b, bad eat!er as are 'e''er cro's .E/ as &ore #ro ers t%rn to #ro in# cocoa9 cocoa s%''lies ill increase and t!e 'rice o" cocoa ill "all 'reci'ito%sl, 15. =sin# co&'%ter tec!ni0%es9 researc!ers anal,)e la,ers o" 'aint t!at lie b%ried beneat! t!e s%r"ace la,ers o" old 'aintin#s. T!e, clai&9 "or e(a&'le9 t!at additional &o%ntaino%s scener, once a''eared in Leonardo da 4incis #ona )isa9 !ic! as later 'ainted over. Ske'tics re'l, to t!ese clai&s9 !o ever9 t!at E8ra, e(a&inations o" t!e #ona )isa do not s!o !idden &o%ntains. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld tend &ost to eaken t!e "orce o" t!e ske'tics ob+ections.A/ T!ere is no ritten or anecdotal record t!at Leonardo da 4inci ever 'ainted over &a+or areas o" !is #ona )isa. .1/ Fainters o" da 4incis ti&e co&&onl, created i&a#es o" &o%ntaino%s scener, in t!e back#ro%nds o" 'ortraits like t!e #ona )isa. .C/ 2o one kno s "or certain !at 'arts o" t!e #ona )isa &a, !ave been 'ainted b, da 4incis assistants rat!er t!an b, da 4inci !i&sel". .3/ In"rared '!oto#ra'!, o" t!e #ona )isa !as revealed no trace o" !idden &o%ntaino%s scener,. .E/ Anal,sis rel,in# on E8ra,s onl, !as t!e ca'acit, to detect lead8based !ite http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5

'i#&ents in la,ers o" 'aint beneat! a 'aintin#s s%r"ace la,ers. 1<. 6!ile Governor 4erdant !as been in o""ice9 t!e states b%d#et !as increased b, an avera#e o" G 'ercent eac! ,ear. 6!ile t!e 'revio%s #overnor as in o""ice9 t!e states b%d#et increased b, an avera#e o" 11.@ 'ercent eac! ,ear. 7bvio%sl,9 t!e a%stere b%d#ets d%rin# Governor 4erdants ter& !ave ca%sed t!e slo do n in t!e #ro t! in state s'endin#. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ T!e rate o" in"lation in t!e state avera#ed 1I 'ercent eac! ,ear d%rin# t!e 'revio%s #overnors ter& in o""ice and < 'ercent eac! ,ear d%rin# 4erdants ter&. .1/ 1ot! "ederal and state inco&e ta( rates !ave been lo ered considerabl, d%rin# 4erdants ter& in o""ice. .C/ In eac! ,ear o" 4erdants ter& in o""ice9 t!e states b%d#et !as s!o n so&e increase in s'endin# over t!e 'revio%s ,ear. .3/ 3%rin# 4erdants ter& in o""ice9 t!e state !as eit!er discontin%ed or be#%n to c!ar#e 'rivate citi)ens "or n%&ero%s services t!at t!e state o""ered "ree to citi)ens d%rin# t!e 'revio%s #overnors ter&. .E/ 3%rin# t!e 'revio%s #overnors ter& in o""ice9 t!e state introd%ced several so8called >a%sterit,? b%d#ets intended to red%ce t!e #ro t! in state s'endin#. 1C. $ederal a#ric%lt%ral 'ro#ra&s ai&ed at bene"itin# one #ro%' !ose liveli!ood de'ends on "ar&in# o"ten end %' !ar&in# anot!er s%c! #ro%'. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents 'rovides s%''ort "or t!e clai& aboveI. II. An e""ort to !el' "eed8#rain 'rod%cers res%lted in !i#!er 'rices "or t!eir cro's9 b%t t!e !i#!er 'rices decreased t!e 'ro"its o" livestock 'rod%cers. In order to red%ce cro' s%r'l%ses and increase 'rices9 #ro ers o" certain cro's ere 'aid to leave a 'ortion o" t!eir land idle9 b%t t!e red%ction as not ac!ieved beca%se i&'rove&ents in e""icienc, res%lted in !i#!er 'rod%ction on t!e land in %se.

III. Man, "ar& orkers ere '%t o%t o" ork !en a 'ro#ra& &eant to raise t!e 'rice o" #rain 'rovided #rain #ro ers it! an incentive to red%ce 'rod%ction b, #ivin# t!e& s%r'l%s #rain "ro& #overn&ent reserves. .A/ I9 b%t not II and not III .1/ II9 b%t not I and not III .C/ I and III9 b%t not II .3/ II and III9 b%t not I .E/ I9 II and III 1@. Tec!nolo#ical ed%cation is orsenin#. Feo'le bet een ei#!teen and t ent,8"o%r9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<

!o are +%st e&er#in# "ro& t!eir "or&al ed%cation9 are &ore likel, to be tec!nolo#icall, illiterate t!an so&e !at older ad%lts. And ,et9 iss%es "or '%blic re"erenda ill increasin#l, involve as'ects o" tec!nolo#,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be 'ro'erl, dra n "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ I" all ,o%n# 'eo'le are to &ake in"or&ed decisions on '%blic re"erenda9 &an, o" t!e& &%st learn &ore abo%t tec!nolo#,. .1/ T!oro%#! st%dies o" tec!nolo#ical iss%es and innovations s!o%ld be &ade a re0%ired 'art o" t!e '%blic and 'rivate sc!ool c%rric%l%&. .C/ It s!o%ld be s%##ested t!at 'ros'ective voters attend a''lied science co%rses in order to ac0%ire a &ini&al co&'etenc, in tec!nical &atters. .3/ I" ,o%n# 'eo'le are not to be overl, in"l%enced b, "a&o%s tec!nocrats9 t!e, &%st increase t!eir kno led#e o" '%re science. .E/ 7n '%blic re"erenda iss%es9 ,o%n# 'eo'le tend to con"%se real or 'robable tec!nolo#ies it! i&'ossible ideals. 1G. In a 'olitical s,ste& it! onl, t o &a+or 'arties9 t!e entrance o" a t!ird8'art, candidate into an election race da&a#es t!e c!ances o" onl, one o" t!e t o &a+or candidates. T!e t!ird8'art, candidate al a,s attracts so&e o" t!e voters !o &i#!t ot!er ise !ave voted "or one o" t!e t o &a+or candidates9 b%t not voters !o s%''ort t!e ot!er candidate. Since a t!ird8'art, candidac, a""ects t!e t o &a+or candidates %ne0%all,9 "or reasons neit!er o" t!e& !as an, control over9 t!e 'ractice is %n"air and s!o%ld not be allo ed. I" t!e "act%al in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e above is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be &ost reliabl, in"erred "ro& it.A/ I" t!e 'olitical 'lat"or& o" t!e t!ird 'art, is a co&'ro&ise 'osition bet een t!at o" t!e t o &a+or 'arties9 t!e t!ird 'art, ill dra its voters e0%all, "ro& t!e t o &a+or 'arties. .1/ I"9 be"ore t!e e&er#ence o" a t!ird 'art,9 voters ere divided e0%all, bet een t!e t o &a+or 'arties9 neit!er o" t!e &a+or 'arties is likel, to ca't%re &%c! &ore t!an one8!al" o" t!e vote. .C/ A t!ird8'art, candidate ill not ca't%re t!e votes o" ne voters !o !ave never voted "or candidates o" eit!er o" t!e t o &a+or 'arties. .3/ T!e 'olitical stance o" a t!ird 'art, ill be &ore radical t!an t!at o" eit!er o" t!e t o &a+or 'arties. .E/ T!e "o%nders o" a t!ird 'art, are likel, to be a coalition consistin# o" "or&er leaders o" t!e t o &a+or 'arties. 1A. Co&'anies considerin# ne cost8c%ttin# &an%"act%rin# 'rocesses o"ten co&'are t!e 'ro+ected res%lts o" &akin# t!e invest&ent a#ainst t!e alternative o" not &akin# t!e invest&ent it! costs9 sellin# 'rices9 and s!are o" &arket re&ainin# constant. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GC

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 ass%&in# t!at eac! is a realistic 'ossibilit,9 constit%tes t!e &ost serio%s disadvanta#e "or co&'anies o" %sin# t!e &et!od above "or eval%atin# t!e "inancial bene"it o" ne &an%"act%rin# 'rocesses.A/ T!e costs o" &aterials re0%ired b, t!e ne 'rocess &i#!t not be kno n it! certaint,. .1/ In several ,ears interest rates &i#!t #o do n9 red%cin# t!e interest costs o" borro in# &one, to 'a, "or t!e invest&ent. .C/ So&e cost8c%ttin# 'rocesses &i#!t re0%ire s%c! e('ensive invest&ents t!at t!ere o%ld be no net #ain "or &an, ,ears9 %ntil t!e invest&ent as 'aid "or b, savin#s in t!e &an%"act%rin# 'rocess. .3/ Co&'etitors t!at do invest in a ne 'rocess &i#!t red%ce t!eir sellin# 'rices and t!%s take &arket s!are a a, "ro& co&'anies t!at do not. .E/ T!e 'eriod o" ,ear c!osen "or avera#in# o%t t!e cost o" t!e invest&ent &i#!t be so&e !at lon#er or s!orter9 t!%s a""ectin# t!e res%lt. 1B. T!ere are "ar "e er c!ildren available "or ado'tion t!an t!ere are 'eo'le !o ant to ado't. T o &illion co%'les are c%rrentl, aitin# to ado't9 b%t in 1HB59 t!e last ,ear "or !ic! "i#%res e(ist9 t!ere ere onl, so&e @I9III ado'tions. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e a%t!ors clai& t!at t!ere are "ar "e er c!ildren available "or ado'tion t!an t!ere are 'eo'le !o ant to ado't.A/ T!e n%&ber o" co%'les aitin# to ado't !as increased si#ni"icantl, in t!e last decade. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" ado'tions in t!e c%rrent ,ear is #reater t!an t!e n%&ber o" ado'tions in an, 'recedin# ,ear. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" ado'tions in a ,ear is a''ro(i&atel, e0%al to t!e n%&ber o" c!ildren available "or ado'tion in t!at 'eriod. .3/ Feo'le !o seek to ado't c!ildren o"ten #o t!ro%#! a lon# 'rocess o" intervie s and investi#ation b, ado'tion a#encies. .E/ Feo'le !o seek to ado't c!ildren #enerall, &ake ver, #ood 'arents. Questions 19-!0 are based on the following. Arc!aeolo#ists seekin# t!e location o" a le#endar, sie#e and destr%ction o" a cit, are e(cavatin# in several 'ossible 'laces9 incl%din# a &iddle and a lo er la,er o" a lar#e &o%nd. T!e botto& o" t!e &iddle la,er contains so&e 'ieces o" 'otter, o" t,'e <9 kno n to be "ro& a later 'eriod t!an t!e ti&e o" t!e destr%ction o" t!e cit,9 b%t t!e lo er la,er does not. 1H. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses is best s%''orted b, t!e evidence above.A/ T!e lo er la,er contains t!e re&ains o" t!e cit, !ere t!e sie#e took 'lace. .1/ T!e le#end con"%ses stories "ro& t o di""erent !istorical 'eriods. .C/ T!e &iddle la,er does not re'resent t!e 'eriod o" t!e sie#e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@

.3/ T!e sie#e lasted "or a lon# ti&e be"ore t!e cit, as destro,ed. .E/ T!e 'otter, o" t,'e < as i&'orted to t!e cit, b, traders. 5I. T!e "orce o" t!e evidence cited above is &ost serio%sl, eakened i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is tr%e.A/ Gerbils9 s&all ani&als lon# native to t!e area9 di# lar#e b%rro s into !ic! ob+ects can "all !en t!e b%rro s colla'se. .1/ Fotter, o" t,'es 1 and 59 "o%nd in t!e lo er level9 as %sed in t!e cities "ro& !ic!9 accordin# to t!e le#end9 t!e besie#in# "orces ca&e. .C/ Several 'ieces o" stone "ro& a lo er8la,er all !ave been "o%nd incor'orated into t!e re&ains o" a b%ildin# in t!e &iddle la,er. .3/ 1ot! t!e &iddle and t!e lo er la,er s!o evidence o" lar#e8scale destr%ction o" !abitations b, "ire. .E/ 1ron)e a( !eads o" a t,'e %sed at t!e ti&e o" t!e sie#e ere "o%nd in t!e lo er level o" e(cavation. TEST 5 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. A"ter t!e national s'eed li&it o" @@ &iles 'er !o%r as i&'osed in 1HAC9 t!e n%&ber o" deat!s 'er &ile driven on a !i#! a, "ell abr%'tl, as a res%lt. Since t!en9 !o ever9 t!e avera#e s'eed o" ve!icles on !i#! a,s !as risen9 b%t t!e n%&ber o" deat!s 'er &ile driven on a !i#! a, !as contin%ed to "all. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be 'ro'erl, dra n "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ T!e s'eed li&it alone is 'robabl, not res'onsible "or t!e contin%ed red%ction in !i#! a, deat!s in t!e ,ears a"ter 1HAC. .1/ Feo'le !ave been drivin# less since 1HAC. .C/ 3river8ed%cation co%rses !ave been &ore e""ective since 1HAC in teac!in# drivers to drive sa"el,. .3/ In recent ,ears !i#! a, 'atrols !ave been less e""ective in catc!in# drivers !o s'eed. .E/ T!e c!an#e in t!e s'eed li&it cannot be res'onsible "or t!e abr%'t decline in !i#! a, deat!s in 1HAC. 5. 2ei#!borin# land!olders: Air 'oll%tion "ro& t!e #iant al%&in%& re"iner, t!at !as been b%ilt ne(t to o%r land is killin# o%r 'lants. Co&'an, s'okes'erson: T!e re"iner, is not to bla&e9 since o%r st%d, s!o s t!at t!e da&a#e is d%e to insects and "%n#i. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e concl%sion dra n b, t!e co&'an, s'okes'erson.A/ T!e st%d, did not &eas%re t!e 0%antit, o" 'oll%tants e&itted into t!e s%rro%ndin# air b, t!e al%&in%& re"iner,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GG

.1/ T!e nei#!borin# land!olders !ave &ade no c!an#e in t!e a, t!e, take care o" t!eir 'lants. .C/ Air 'oll%tion "ro& t!e re"iner, !as c!an#ed t!e c!e&ical balance in t!e 'lants environ&ent9 allo in# t!e !ar&"%l insects and "%n#i to t!rive. .3/ Foll%tants t!at are invisible and odorless are e&itted into t!e s%rro%ndin# air b, t!e re"iner,. .E/ T!e vario%s s'ecies o" insects and "%n#i &entioned in t!e st%d, !ave been occasionall, "o%nd in t!e localit, d%rin# t!e 'ast !%ndred ,ears. <. Sales ta(es tend to be re#ressive9 a""ectin# 'oor 'eo'le &ore severel, t!an ealt!, 'eo'le. 6!en all '%rc!ases o" cons%&er #oods are ta(ed at a "i(ed 'ercenta#e o" t!e '%rc!ase 'rice9 'oor 'eo'le 'a, a lar#er 'ro'ortion o" t!eir inco&e in sales ta(es t!an ealt!, 'eo'le do. It can be correctl, in"erred on t!e basis o" t!e state&ents above t!at !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is tr%e.A/ Foor 'eo'le constit%te a lar#er 'ro'ortion o" t!e ta('a,in# 'o'%lation t!an ealt!, 'eo'le do. .1/ Foor 'eo'le s'end a lar#er 'ro'ortion o" t!eir inco&e on '%rc!ases o" cons%&er #oods t!an ealt!, 'eo'le do. .C/ 6ealt!, 'eo'le 'a,9 on avera#e9 a lar#er a&o%nt o" sales ta(es t!an 'oor 'eo'le do. .3/ T!e total a&o%nt s'ent b, all 'oor 'eo'le on '%rc!ases o" cons%&er #oods e(ceeds t!e total a&o%nt s'ent b, all ealt!, 'eo'le on cons%&er #oods. .E/ T!e avera#e '%rc!ase 'rice o" cons%&er #oods bo%#!t b, ealt!, 'eo'le is !i#!er t!an t!at o" cons%&er #oods bo%#!t b, 'oor 'eo'le. C. Revie in# !istorical data9 &edical researc!ers in Cali"ornia "o%nd t!at co%nties it! t!e lar#est n%&ber o" television sets 'er ca'ita !ave !ad t!e lo est incidence o" a serio%s brain disease9 &os0%ito8borne ence'!alitis. T!e researc!ers !ave concl%ded t!at 'eo'le in t!ese co%nties sta, indoors &ore and t!%s avoid e('os%re to t!e disease. T!e researc!ers concl%sion o%ld be &ost stren#t!ened i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ere tr%e.A/ Fro#ra&s desi#ned to control t!e si)e o" disease8bearin# &os0%ito 'o'%lations !ave not a""ected t!e incidence o" &os0%ito borne ence'!alitis. .1/ T!e occ%'ations o" co%nt, residents a""ect t!eir risk o" e('os%re to &os0%ito8 borne ence'!alitis &ore t!an does television8 atc!in#. .C/ T!e incidence o" &os0%ito8borne ence'!alitis in co%nties it! t!e lar#est n%&ber o" television sets 'er ca'ita is likel, to decrease even "%rt!er. .3/ T!e &ore ti&e 'eo'le in a co%nt, s'end o%tdoors9 t!e #reater t!eir a areness o" t!e dan#ers o" &os0%ito8borne ence'!alitis. .E/ T!e &ore television sets t!ere are 'er ca'ita in a co%nt,9 t!e &ore ti&e t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GA

avera#e co%nt, resident s'ends atc!in# television. @. T!e cit,s '%blic trans'ortation s,ste& s!o%ld be re&oved "ro& t!e +%risdiction o" t!e &%nici'al #overn&ent9 !ic! "inds it 'oliticall, i&'ossible eit!er to raise "ares or to instit%te cost8savin# red%ctions in service. I" '%blic trans'ortation ere !andled b, a 'rivate "ir&9 'ro"its o%ld be vi#oro%sl, '%rs%ed9 t!ereb, eli&inatin# t!e necessit, "or coverin# o'eratin# costs it! #overn&ent "%nds. T!e state&ents above best s%''ort t!e concl%sion t!at .A/ t!e 'rivate "ir&s t!at o%ld !andle '%blic trans'ortation o%ld !ave e('erience in t!e trans'ortation ind%str, .1/ 'olitical considerations o%ld not 'revent 'rivate "ir&s "ro& ens%rin# t!at reven%es cover o'eratin# costs .C/ 'rivate "ir&s o%ld receive #overn&ent "%ndin# i" it ere needed to cover o'eratin# costs .3/ t!e '%blic o%ld a''rove t!e cost8c%ttin# actions taken b, t!e 'rivate "ir& .E/ t!e &%nici'al #overn&ent o%ld not be resi#ned to acc%&%latin# &erel, eno%#! inco&e to cover costs G. To entice c%sto&ers a a, "ro& co&'etitors9 Red Label s%'er&arkets !ave be#%n o""erin# disco%nts on !o&e a''liances to c%sto&ers !o s'end L@I or &ore on an, s!o''in# tri' to Red Label. Red Label e(ec%tives clai& t!at t!e disco%nt 'ro#ra& !as been a !%#e s%ccess9 since cas! re#ister recei'ts o" L@I or &ore are %' t!irt, 'ercent since t!e be#innin# o" t!e 'ro#ra&. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e clai& o" t!e Red Label e(ec%tives.A/ Most 'eo'le !o s itc!ed to Red Label a"ter t!e 'ro#ra& be#an s'end &ore t!an L@I eac! ti&e t!e, s!o' at Red Label. .1/ Most 'eo'le !ose avera#e #rocer, bill is less t!an L@I o%ld not be 'ers%aded to s'end &ore b, an, disco%nt 'ro#ra&. .C/ Most 'eo'le !o received disco%nts on !o&e a''liances t!ro%#! Red Labels 'ro#ra& ill s!o' at Red Label a"ter t!e 'ro#ra& ends. .3/ Since t!e be#innin# o" t!e disco%nt 'ro#ra&9 &ost o" t!e 'eo'le !o s'end L@I or &ore at Red Label are 'eo'le !o !ave never be"ore s!o''ed t!ere and !ose avera#e #rocer, bill !as al a,s been !i#!er t!an L@I. .E/ Al&ost all o" t!e 'eo'le !o !ave be#%n s'endin# L@I or &ore at Red Label since t!e disco%nt 'ro#ra& be#an are lon#ti&e c%sto&ers !o !ave increased t!e avera#e a&o%nt o" t!eir s!o''in# bills b, &akin# "e er tri's. A. T!ro%#!o%t t!e 1H@Is9 t!ere ere increases in t!e n%&bers o" dead birds "o%nd in a#ric%lt%ral areas a"ter 'esticide s'ra,in#s. Festicide &an%"act%rers clai&ed t!at t!e '%blicit, #iven to bird deat!s sti&%lated vol%nteers to look "or dead birds9 and t!at t!e increase in n%&bers re'orted as attrib%table to t!e increase in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le lookin#. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GB

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld !el' to re"%te t!e clai& o" t!e 'esticide &an%"act%rers.A/ T!e '%blicit, #iven to bird deat!s as lar#el, re#ional and never reac!ed national 'ro'ortions. .1/ Festicide s'ra,in#s ere ti&ed to coincide it! vario%s '!ases o" t!e li"e c,cles o" t!e insects t!e, destro,ed. .C/ 2o 'rovision as &ade to ens%re t!at a dead bird o%ld not be re'orted b, &ore t!an one observer. .3/ Initial increases in bird deat!s !ad been noticed b, a#ric%lt%ral orkers lon# be"ore an, '%blicit, !ad been #iven to t!e &atter. .E/ 3ead birds o" t!e sa&e s'ecies as t!ose "o%nd in a#ric%lt%ral areas !ad been "o%nd alon# coastal areas !ere no "ar&in# took 'lace. B. Teena#ers are o"ten 'riced o%t o" t!e labor &arket b, t!e #overn&ent8&andated &ini&%&8 a#e level beca%se e&'lo,ers cannot a""ord to 'a, t!at &%c! "or e(tra !el'. T!ere"ore9 i" Con#ress instit%tes a s%b&ini&%& a#e9 a ne lo er le#al a#e "or teena#ers9 t!e teena#e %ne&'lo,&ent rate9 !ic! !as been risin# since 1HGI9 ill no lon#er increase. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Since 1HGI t!e teena#e %ne&'lo,&ent rate !as risen !en t!e &ini&%& a#e !as risen. .1/ Since 1HGI t!e teena#e %ne&'lo,&ent rate !as risen even !en t!e &ini&%& a#e re&ained constant. .C/ E&'lo,ers o"ten !ire e(tra !el' d%rin# !olida, and ar& eat!er seasons. .3/ T!e teena#e %ne&'lo,&ent rate rose &ore 0%ickl, in t!e 1HAIs t!an it did in t!e 1HGIs. .E/ T!e teena#e %ne&'lo,&ent rate !as occasionall, declined in t!e ,ears since 1HGI. H. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo T!e co&'%ter ind%str,s esti&ate t!at it loses &illions o" dollars !en %sers ille#all, co', 'ro#ra&s it!o%t 'a,in# "or t!e& is #reatl, e(a##erated. Most o" t!e ille#al co',in# is done b, 'eo'le it! no serio%s interest in t!e 'ro#ra&s. T!%s9 t!e loss to t!e ind%str, is &%c! s&aller t!an esti&ated beca%se;;;;;; .A/ &an, %sers !o ille#all, co', 'ro#ra&s never "ind an, %se "or t!e& .1/ &ost o" t!e ille#all, co'ied 'ro#ra&s o%ld not be '%rc!ased even i" '%rc!asin# t!e& ere t!e onl, a, to obtain t!e& .C/ even i" t!e co&'%ter ind%str, received all t!e reven%e it clai&s to be losin#9 it o%ld still be e('eriencin# "inancial di""ic%lties .3/ t!e total &arket val%e o" all ille#al co'ies is lo in co&'arison to t!e total reven%e o" t!e co&'%ter ind%str, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GH

.E/ t!e n%&ber o" 'ro#ra&s t!at are "re0%entl, co'ied ille#all, is lo in co&'arison to t!e n%&ber o" 'ro#ra&s available "or sale 1I. T!is ,ear t!e 2e :a&'s!ire 3ivision o" Co&'an, E set a ne record "or ann%al sales b, t!at division. T!is record is es'eciall, s%r'risin# since t!e 2e :a&'s!ire 3ivision !as t!e s&allest 'otential &arket and t!e lo est sales o" an, o" Co&'an, Es divisions. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# identi"ies a "la in t!e lo#ical co!erence o" t!e state&ent above.A/ I" overall sales "or Co&'an, E ere s!ar'l, red%ced9 t!e 2e :a&'s!ire 3ivisions ne sales record is irrelevant to t!e co&'an,s 'ros'erit,. .1/ Since t!e division is co&'etin# a#ainst its o n record9 t!e co&'arison o" its sales record it! t!at o" ot!er divisions is irrelevant. .C/ I" t!is is t!e "irst ,ear t!at t!e 2e :a&'s!ire 3ivision !as been last in sales a&on# Co&'an, Es divisions9 t!e ne record is not s%r'risin# at all. .3/ I" overall sales "or Co&'an, E ere #reater t!an %s%al9 it is not s%r'risin# t!at t!e 2e :a&'s!ire 3ivision as last in sales. .E/ Since t!e 2e :a&'s!ire 3ivision !as t!e s&allest 'otential &arket9 it is not s%r'risin# t!at it !ad t!e lo est sales. 11. State&ent o" a =nited States co''er &inin# co&'an,: I&'ort 0%otas s!o%ld be i&'osed on t!e less e('ensive co''er &ined o%tside t!e co%ntr, to &aintain t!e 'rice o" co''er in t!is co%ntr,D ot!er ise9 o%r co&'anies ill not be able to sta, in b%siness. Res'onse o" a =nited States co''er ire &an%"act%rer: =nited States ire and cable &an%"act%rers '%rc!ase abo%t AI 'ercent o" t!e co''er &ined in t!e =nited States. I" t!e co''er 'rices e 'a, are not at t!e international level9 o%r sales ill dro'9 and t!en t!e de&and "or =nited States co''er ill #o do n. I" t!e "act%al in"or&ation 'resented b, bot! co&'anies is acc%rate9 t!e best assess&ent o" t!e lo#ical relations!i' bet een t!e t o ar#%&ents is t!at t!e ire &an%"act%rers ar#%&ent .A/ is sel"8servin# and irrelevant to t!e 'ro'osal o" t!e &inin# co&'an, .1/ is circ%lar9 'res%''osin# !at it seeks to 'rove abo%t t!e 'ro'osal o" t!e &inin# co&'an, .C/ s!o s t!at t!e 'ro'osal o" t!e &inin# co&'an, o%ld !ave a ne#ative e""ect on t!e &inin# co&'an,s o n b%siness .3/ "ails to #ive a reason !, t!e 'ro'osal o" t!e &inin# co&'an, s!o%ld not be '%t into e""ect to alleviate t!e concern o" t!e &inin# co&'an, "or sta,in# in b%siness .E/ establis!es t!at even t!e &inin# co&'an,s b%siness ill 'ros'er i" t!e &inin# co&'an,s 'ro'osal is re+ected

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AI

15. * !as been believed to ca%se Q. A ne re'ort9 notin# t!at * and Q are o"ten observed to be 'receded b, E9 s%##ests t!at E9 not *9 &a, be t!e ca%se o" Q. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# "%rt!er observations o%ld best s%''ort t!e ne re'orts s%##estion.A/ In cases !ere E occ%rs b%t * does not9 E is %s%all, "ollo ed b, Q. .1/ In cases !ere E occ%rs9 "ollo ed b, *9 * is %s%all, "ollo ed b, Q. .C/ In cases !ere * occ%rs b%t E does not9 * is %s%all, "ollo ed b, Q. .3/ In cases !ere * occ%rs b%t Q does not9 * is %s%all, 'receded b, E. .E/ In cases !ere Q occ%rs9 it is %s%all, 'receded b, E and *. 1<. Mr. Fri&&: I" !os'itals ere 'rivate enter'rises9 de'endent on 'ro"its "or t!eir s%rvival9 t!ere o%ld be no teac!in# !os'itals9 beca%se o" t!e intrinsicall, !i#! cost o" r%nnin# s%c! !os'itals. Ms. 2akai: I disa#ree. T!e &edical c!allen#es 'rovided b, teac!in# !os'itals attract t!e ver, best '!,sicians. T!is9 in t%rn9 enables t!ose !os'itals to concentrate on nonro%tine cases. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en Ms. 2akais atte&'t to re"%te Mr. Fri&&s clai&.A/ 3octors at teac!in# !os'itals co&&and !i#! salaries. .1/ So'!isticated9 nonro%tine &edical care co&&ands a !i#! 'rice. .C/ E(istin# teac!in# !os'itals derive so&e reven%e "ro& '%blic s%bsidies. .3/ T!e 'atient &ortalit, rate at teac!in# !os'itals is !i#!. .E/ T!e &odern trend a&on# '!,sicians is to beco&e !i#!l, s'eciali)ed. 1C. A recent s%rve, o" all a%to accident victi&s in 3ole Co%nt, "o%nd t!at9 o" t!e severel, in+%red drivers and "ront8seat 'assen#ers9 BI 'ercent ere not earin# seat belts at t!e ti&e o" t!eir accidents. T!is indicates t!at9 b, earin# seat belts9 drivers and "ront8seat 'assen#ers can #reatl, red%ce t!eir risk o" bein# severel, in+%red i" t!e, are in an a%to accident. T!e concl%sion above is not 'ro'erl, dra n %nless !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is tr%e.A/ 7" all t!e drivers and "ront8seat 'assen#ers in t!e s%rve,9 &ore t!an 5I 'ercent ere earin# seat belts at t!e ti&e o" t!eir accidents. .1/ Considerabl, &ore t!an 5I 'ercent o" drivers and "ront8seat 'assen#ers in 3ole Co%nt, al a,s ear seat belts !en travelin# b, car. .C/ More drivers and "ront8seat 'assen#ers in t!e s%rve, t!an rear8seat 'assen#ers ere ver, severel, in+%red. .3/ More t!an !al" o" t!e drivers and "ront8seat 'assen#ers in t!e s%rve, ere not earin# seat belts at t!e ti&e o" t!eir accidents. .E/ Most o" t!e a%to accidents re'orted to 'olice in 3ole Co%nt, do not involve an, serio%s in+%r,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1

1@. Si( &ont!s or so a"ter #ettin# a video recorder9 &an, earl, b%,ers a''arentl, lost interest in obtainin# videos to atc! on it. T!e trade o" b%sinesses sellin# and rentin# videos is still b%o,ant9 beca%se t!e n%&ber o" !o&es it! video recorders is still #ro in#. 1%t clearl,9 once t!e &arket "or video recorders is sat%rated9 b%sinesses distrib%tin# videos "ace !ard ti&es. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e &arket "or video recorders o%ld not be considered sat%rated %ntil t!ere as one in BI 'ercent o" !o&es. .1/ A&on# t!e ite&s !andled b, video distrib%tors are &an, "il&s s'eci"icall, 'rod%ced as video "eat%res. .C/ $e o" t!e earl, b%,ers o" video recorders raised an, co&'laints abo%t 'er"or&ance as'ects o" t!e ne 'rod%ct. .3/ T!e earl, b%,ers o" a novel 'rod%ct are al a,s 'eo'le !o are 0%ick to ac0%ire novelties9 b%t also o"ten as 0%ick to tire o" t!e&. .E/ In a s!rinkin# &arket9 co&'etition al a,s intensi"ies and &ar#inal b%sinesses "ail. 1G. Advertiser: T!e reven%e t!at ne s'a'ers and &a#a)ines earn b, '%blis!in# advertise&ents allo s '%blis!ers to kee' t!e 'rices 'er co', o" t!eir '%blications &%c! lo er t!an o%ld ot!er ise be 'ossible. T!ere"ore9 cons%&ers bene"it econo&icall, "ro& advertisin#. Cons%&er: 1%t !o 'a,s "or t!e advertisin# t!at 'a,s "or lo 8'riced ne s'a'ers and &a#a)ines- 6e cons%&ers do9 beca%se advertisers 'ass alon# advertisin# costs to %s t!ro%#! t!e !i#!er 'rices t!e, c!ar#e "or t!eir 'rod%cts. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best describes !o t!e cons%&er co%nters t!e advertisers ar#%&ent.A/ 1, alle#in# so&et!in# t!at9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e 'la%sibilit, o" t!e advertisers concl%sion .1/ 1, 0%estionin# t!e tr%t! o" t!e '%r'ortedl, "act%al state&ent on !ic! t!e advertisers concl%sion is based .C/ 1, o""erin# an inter'retation o" t!e advertisers o'enin# state&ent t!at9 i" acc%rate9 s!o s t!at t!ere is an i&'licit contradiction in it .3/ 1, 'ointin# o%t t!at t!e advertisers 'oint o" vie is biased .E/ 1, ar#%in# t!at t!e advertiser too narro l, restricts t!e disc%ssion to t!e e""ects o" advertisin# t!at are econo&ic 1A. Mr. La son: 6e s!o%ld ado't a national "a&il, 'olic, t!at incl%des le#islation re0%irin# e&'lo,ers to 'rovide 'aid 'arental leave and establis!in# #overn&ent8 s'onsored da, care. S%c! la s o%ld decrease t!e stress levels o" e&'lo,ees !o !ave res'onsibilit, "or s&all c!ildren. T!%s9 s%c! la s o%ld lead to !a''ier9 better8ad+%sted "a&ilies. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion above.A/ An e&'lo,ees !i#! stress level can be a ca%se o" %n!a''iness and 'oor ad+%st&ent "or !is or !er "a&il,. .1/ Feo'le !o !ave res'onsibilit, "or s&all c!ildren and !o ork o%tside t!e !o&e !ave !i#!er stress levels t!an t!ose !o do not. .C/ T!e #oal o" a national "a&il, 'olic, is to lo er t!e stress levels o" 'arents. .3/ An, national "a&il, 'olic, t!at is ado'ted o%ld incl%de le#islation re0%irin# e&'lo,ers to 'rovide 'aid 'arental leave and establis!in# #overn&ent8s'onsored da, care. .E/ Most c!ildren !o !ave been cared "or in da,care centers are !a'', and ell ad+%sted. 1B. Lark Man%"act%rin# Co&'an, initiated a vol%ntar, N%alit, Circles 'ro#ra& "or &ac!ine o'erators. Inde'endent s%rve,s o" e&'lo,ee attit%des indicated t!at t!e &ac!ine o'erators 'artici'atin# in t!e 'ro#ra& ere less satis"ied it! t!eir ork sit%ations a"ter t o ,ears o" t!e 'ro#ra&s e(istence t!an t!e, ere at t!e 'ro#ra&s start. 7bvio%sl,9 an, orkers !o 'artici'ate in a N%alit, Circles 'ro#ra& ill9 as a res%lt9 beco&e less satis"ied it! t!eir +obs. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e concl%sion dra n above EECEFT: .A/ T!e second s%rve, occ%rred d%rin# a 'eriod o" recession !en r%&ors o" c%tbacks and la,o""s at Lark Man%"act%rin# ere 'lenti"%l. .1/ T!e s%rve,s also s!o ed t!at t!ose Lark &ac!ine o'erators !o neit!er 'artici'ated in N%alit, Circles nor kne an,one !o did so re'orted t!e sa&e de#ree o" lessened satis"action it! t!eir ork sit%ations as did t!e Lark &ac!ine o'erators !o 'artici'ated in N%alit, Circles. .C/ 6!ile 'artici'atin# in N%alit, Circles at Lark Man%"act%rin#9 &ac!ine o'erators e(!ibited t o o" t!e 'ri&ar, indicators o" i&'roved +ob satis"action: increased 'rod%ctivit, and decreased absenteeis&. .3/ Several orkers at Lark Man%"act%rin# !o !ad 'artici'ated in N%alit, Circles !ile e&'lo,ed at ot!er co&'anies re'orted t!at9 !ile 'artici'atin# in N%alit, Circles in t!eir 'revio%s co&'anies9 t!eir ork satis"action !ad increased. .E/ T!e &ac!ine o'erators !o 'artici'ated in N%alit, Circles re'orted t!at9 !en t!e 'ro#ra& started9 t!e, "elt t!at 'artici'ation &i#!t i&'rove t!eir ork sit%ations. Questions 19-!0 are based on the following. 1lood banks ill s!ortl, start to screen all donors "or 2A21 !e'atitis. Alt!o%#! t!e ne screenin# tests are esti&ated to dis0%ali", %' to @ 'ercent o" all 'ros'ective blood donors9 t!e, ill still &iss t o8t!irds o" donors carr,in# 2A21 !e'atitis. T!ere"ore9 abo%t 1I 'ercent o" act%al donors ill still s%''l, 2A218conta&inated blood. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<

1H. T!e ar#%&ent above de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 3onors carr,in# 2A21 !e'atitis do not9 in a lar#e 'ercenta#e o" cases9 carr, ot!er in"ections "or !ic! reliable screenin# tests are ro%tinel, 'er"or&ed. .1/ 3onors carr,in# 2A21 !e'atitis do not9 in a lar#e 'ercenta#e o" cases9 develo' t!e disease t!e&selves at an, 'oint. .C/ T!e esti&ate o" t!e n%&ber o" donors !o o%ld be dis0%ali"ied b, tests "or 2A21 !e'atitis is an %nderesti&ate. .3/ T!e incidence o" 2A21 !e'atitis is lo er a&on# t!e 'otential blood donors t!an it is in t!e 'o'%lation at lar#e. .E/ T!e donors !o ill still s%''l, 2A218conta&inated blood ill donate blood at t!e avera#e "re0%enc, "or all donors. 5I. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# in"erences abo%t t!e conse0%ences o" instit%tin# t!e ne tests is best s%''orted b, t!e 'assa#e above.A/ T!e incidence o" ne cases o" 2A21 !e'atitis is likel, to #o %' b, 1I 'ercent. .1/ 3onations &ade b, 'atients s'eci"icall, "or t!eir o n %se are likel, to beco&e less "re0%ent. .C/ T!e de&and "or blood "ro& blood banks is likel, to "l%ct%ate &ore stron#l,. .3/ T!e blood s%''lies available "ro& blood banks are likel, to #o do n. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" 'ros'ective "irst8ti&e donors is likel, to #o %' b, @ 'ercent. TEST < 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. C!ilds 6orld9 a c!ain o" to, stores9 !as relied on a >s%'er&arket conce't? o" co&'%teri)ed inventor, control and c%sto&er sel"8service to eli&inate t!e cate#or, o" sales clerks "ro& its "orce o" e&'lo,ees. It no 'lans to e&'lo, t!e sa&e conce't in sellin# c!ildrens clot!es. T!e 'lan o" C!ilds 6orld ass%&es t!at .A/ s%'er&arkets ill not also be sellin# c!ildrens clot!es in t!e sa&e &anner .1/ 'ersonal service b, sales 'ersonnel is not re0%ired "or sellin# c!ildrens clot!es s%ccess"%ll, .C/ t!e sa&e kind o" co&'%ters ill be %sed in inventor, control "or bot! clot!es and to,s at C!ilds 6orld .3/ a sel"8service 'lan cannot be e&'lo,ed it!o%t co&'%teri)ed inventor, control .E/ sales clerks are t!e onl, e&'lo,ees o" C!ilds 6orld !o co%ld be assi#ned tasks related to inventor, control 5. Contin%o%s indoor "l%orescent li#!t bene"its t!e !ealt! o" !a&sters it! in!erited !eart disease. A #ro%' o" t!e& e('osed to contin%o%s "l%orescent li#!t s%rvived http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AC

t ent,8"ive 'ercent lon#er t!an a si&ilar #ro%' e('osed instead to e0%al 'eriods o" indoor "l%orescent li#!t and o" darkness. T!e &et!od o" t!e researc! described above is &ost likel, to be a''licable in addressin# !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions.A/ Can ind%strial orkers !o need to see t!eir ork do so better b, s%nli#!t or b, "l%orescent li#!t.1/ Can !os'ital li#!tin# be i&'roved to 'ro&ote t!e recover, o" 'atients.C/ :o do dee'8sea "is! s%rvive in total darkness.3/ 6!at are t!e in!erited illnesses to !ic! !a&sters are s%b+ect.E/ Are t!ere 'lants t!at re0%ire s'eci"ic 'eriods o" darkness in order to bloo&<. Millions o" identical co'ies o" a 'lant can be 'rod%ced %sin# ne tiss%e8c%lt%re and clonin# tec!ni0%es. I" 'lant 'ro'a#ation b, s%c! &et!ods in laboratories 'roves econo&ical9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 re'resents a bene"it o" t!e ne tec!ni0%es to "ar&ers EECEFT: .A/ T!e tec!ni0%es allo t!e develo'&ent o" s%'erior strains to take 'lace &ore ra'idl,9 re0%irin# "e er #enerations o" 'lants #ro n to &at%rit,. .1/ It is less di""ic%lt to care "or 'lants t!at ill #ro at rates t!at do not var, idel,. .C/ Flant diseases and 'ests9 once t!e, take !old9 s'read &ore ra'idl, a&on# #eneticall, %ni"or& 'lants t!an a&on# t!ose it! #enetic variations. .3/ Mec!anical !arvestin# o" cro's is less di""ic%lt i" 'lants are &ore %ni"or& in si)e. .E/ S'ecial #enetic traits can &ore easil, be introd%ced into 'lant strains it! t!e %se o" t!e ne tec!ni0%es. C. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo Sales ca&'ai#ns ai&ed at t!e "alterin# 'ersonal co&'%ter &arket !ave stron#l, e&'!asi)ed ease o" %se9 called %ser8"riendliness. T!is e&'!asis is oddl, 're&at%re and irrelevant in t!e e,es o" &ost 'otential b%,ers9 !o are tr,in# to address t!e lo#icall, 'rior iss%e o" !et!er;;;;;; .A/ %ser8"riendliness also i&'lies t!at o ners can service t!eir o n co&'%ters .1/ 'ersonal co&'%ters cost &ore t!e &ore %ser8"riendl, t!e, are .C/ c%rrentl, available &odels are %ser8"riendl, eno%#! to s%it t!e& .3/ t!e 'eo'le 'ro&otin# 'ersonal co&'%ters %se t!e& in t!eir o n !o&es .E/ t!e, !ave eno%#! sensible %ses "or a 'ersonal co&'%ter to +%sti", t!e e('ense o" b%,in# one @. A ea'ons8s&%##lin# incident recentl, took 'lace in co%ntr, *. 6e all kno t!at * is a closed societ,. So *s #overn&ent &%st !ave kno n abo%t t!e ea'ons.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at o%ld &ake t!e concl%sion above lo#icall, correct.A/ I" a #overn&ent kno s abo%t a 'artic%lar ea'ons8s&%##lin# incident9 it &%st !ave intended to %se t!e ea'ons "or its o n '%r'oses. .1/ I" a #overn&ent clai&s t!at it kne not!in# abo%t a 'artic%lar ea'ons8 s&%##lin# incident9 it &%st !ave kno n ever,t!in# abo%t it. .C/ I" a #overn&ent does not 'er&it ea'ons to enter a co%ntr,9 it is a closed societ,. .3/ I" a co%ntr, is a closed societ,9 its #overn&ent !as a lar#e contin#ent o" ar&ed #%ards 'atrollin# its borders. .E/ I" a co%ntr, is a closed societ,9 its #overn&ent !as kno led#e abo%t ever,t!in# t!at occ%rs in t!e co%ntr,. G. 1annin# ci#arette advertise&ents in t!e &ass &edia ill not red%ce t!e n%&ber o" ,o%n# 'eo'le !o s&oke. T!e, kno t!at ci#arettes e(ist and t!e, kno !o to #et t!e&. T!e, do not need t!e advertise&ents to s%''l, t!at in"or&ation. T!e above ar#%&ent o%ld be &ost eakened i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ere tr%e.A/ Seein# or !earin# an advertise&ent "or a 'rod%ct tends to increase 'eo'les desire "or t!at 'rod%ct. .1/ 1annin# ci#arette advertise&ents in t!e &ass &edia ill ca%se an increase in advertise&ents in 'laces !ere ci#arettes are sold. .C/ Advertise&ents in t!e &ass &edia !ave been an e(ceedin#l, lar#e 'art o" t!e e('endit%res o" t!e tobacco co&'anies. .3/ T!ose !o o''ose ci#arette %se !ave advertised a#ainst it in t!e &ass &edia ever since ci#arettes ere "o%nd to be !ar&"%l. .E/ 7lder 'eo'le tend to be less in"l%enced b, &ass8&edia advertise&ents t!an ,o%n#er 'eo'le tend to be. A. Feo'le tend to esti&ate t!e likeli!ood o" an events occ%rrence accordin# to its salienceD t!at is9 accordin# to !o stron#l, and !o o"ten it co&es to t!eir attention. 1, 'lace&ent and !eadlines9 ne s'a'ers e&'!asi)e stories abo%t local cri&e over stories abo%t cri&e else !ere and abo%t &an, ot!er &a+or events. It can be concl%ded on t!e basis o" t!e state&ents above t!at9 i" t!e, are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost 'robabl, also tr%e.A/ T!e lan#%a#e %sed in ne s'a'er !eadlines abo%t local cri&e is in"la&&ator, and "ails to res'ect t!e ri#!ts o" s%s'ects. .1/ T!e covera#e o" international events in ne s'a'ers is ne#lected in "avor o" t!e covera#e o" local events. .C/ Readers o" local ne s in ne s'a'ers tend to overesti&ate t!e a&o%nt o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AG

cri&e in t!eir o n localities relative to t!e a&o%nt o" cri&e in ot!er 'laces. .3/ 2one o" t!e events concernin# ot!er 'eo'le t!at are re'orted in ne s'a'ers is so salient in 'eo'les &inds as t!eir o n 'ersonal e('eriences. .E/ T!e 'ress is t!e ne s &edi%& t!at "oc%ses 'eo'les attention &ost stron#l, on local cri&es. B. 1, anal,)in# t!e #arba#e o" a lar#e n%&ber o" avera#e8si)ed !o%se!olds9 a #ro%' o" &odern %rban ant!ro'olo#ists !as "o%nd t!at a !o%se!old discards less "ood t!e &ore standardi)edK&ade %' o" canned and 're'acka#ed "oodsKits diet is. T!e &ore standardi)ed a !o%se!olds diet is9 !o ever9 t!e #reater t!e 0%antities o" "res! 'rod%ce t!e !o%se!old t!ro s a a,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ An increasin# n%&ber o" !o%se!olds rel, on a !i#!l, standardi)ed diet. .1/ T!e less standardi)ed a !o%se!olds diet is9 t!e &ore non"ood aste t!e !o%se!old discards. .C/ T!e less standardi)ed a !o%se!olds diet is9 t!e s&aller is t!e 'ro'ortion o" "res! 'rod%ce in t!e !o%se!olds "ood aste. .3/ T!e less standardi)ed a !o%se!olds diet is9 t!e &ore canned and 're'acka#ed "oods t!e !o%se!old discards as aste. .E/ T!e &ore "res! 'rod%ce a !o%se!old b%,s9 t!e &ore "res! 'rod%ce it t!ro s a a,. Questions 9-10 are based on the following. In t!e 'ast9 teac!ers9 bank tellers9 and secretaries ere 'redo&inantl, &enD t!ese occ%'ations sli''ed in 'a, and stat%s !en t!e, beca&e lar#el, occ%'ied b, o&en. T!ere"ore9 i" o&en beco&e t!e &a+orit, in c%rrentl, &ale8do&inated 'ro"essions like acco%ntin#9 la 9 and &edicine9 t!e inco&e and 'resti#e o" t!ese 'ro"essions ill also dro'. H. T!e ar#%&ent above is based on .A/ anot!er ar#%&ent t!at contains circ%lar reasonin# .1/ an atte&'t to re"%te a #enerali)ation b, &eans o" an e(ce'tional case .C/ an analo#, bet een t!e 'ast and t!e "%t%re .3/ an a''eal to 'o'%lar belie"s and val%es .E/ an attack on t!e c!aracter o" t!e o''osition 1I. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost likel, be 'art o" t!e evidence %sed to re"%te t!e concl%sion above.A/ Acco%ntants9 la ,ers9 and '!,sicians attained t!eir c%rrent relativel, !i#! levels o" inco&e and 'resti#e at abo%t t!e sa&e ti&e t!at t!e 'a, and stat%s o" teac!ers9 bank tellers9 and secretaries sli''ed. .1/ 6!en lar#e n%&bers o" &en +oin a "e&ale8do&inated occ%'ation9 s%c! as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AA

airline "li#!t attendant9 t!e stat%s and 'a, o" t!e occ%'ation tend to increase. .C/ T!e de&and "or teac!ers and secretaries !as increased si#ni"icantl, in recent ,ears9 !ile t!e de&and "or bank tellers !as re&ained relativel, stable. .3/ I" 'resent trends in t!e a ardin# o" la de#rees to o&en contin%e9 it ill be at least t o decades be"ore t!e &a+orit, o" la ,ers are o&en. .E/ T!e 'a, and stat%s o" "e&ale acco%ntants9 la ,ers9 and '!,sicians toda, are #overned b, si#ni"icantl, di""erent econo&ic and sociolo#ical "orces t!an ere t!e 'a, and stat%s o" "e&ale teac!ers9 bank tellers9 and secretaries in t!e 'ast. 11. An electric8'o er co&'an, #ained #reater 'ro"its and 'rovided electricit, to cons%&ers at lo er rates 'er %nit o" electricit, b, b%ildin# lar#er8ca'acit, &ore e""icient 'lants and b, sti&%latin# #reater %se o" electricit, it!in its area. To contin%e t!ese "inancial trends9 t!e co&'an, 'lanned to re'lace an old 'lant b, a 'lant it! tri'le t!e ca'acit, o" its lar#est 'lant. T!e co&'an,s 'lan as described above ass%&ed eac! o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ 3e&and "or electricit, it!in t!e co&'an,s area o" service o%ld increase in t!e "%t%re. .1/ E('enses o%ld not rise be,ond t!e level t!at co%ld be co&'ensated "or b, e""icienc, or vol%&e o" o'eration9 or bot!. .C/ T!e 'lanned 'lant o%ld be s%""icientl, reliable in service to contrib%te a net "inancial bene"it to t!e co&'an, as a !ole. .3/ Sa"et, &eas%res to be instit%ted "or t!e ne 'lant o%ld be t!e sa&e as t!ose "or t!e 'lant it o%ld re'lace. .E/ T!e tri'lin# o" ca'acit, o%ld not res%lt in ins%'erable tec!nolo#ical obstacles to e""icienc,. Questions 1!-13 are based on the following. Meteorolo#ists sa, t!at i" onl, t!e, co%ld desi#n an acc%rate &at!e&atical &odel o" t!e at&os'!ere it! all its co&'le(ities9 t!e, co%ld "orecast t!e eat!er it! real 'recision. 1%t t!is is an idle boast9 i&&%ne to an, eval%ation9 "or an, inade0%ate eat!er "orecast o%ld obvio%sl, be bla&ed on i&'er"ections in t!e &odel. 15. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 co%ld best be %sed as a basis "or ar#%in# a#ainst t!e a%t!ors 'osition t!at t!e &eteorolo#ists clai& cannot be eval%ated.A/ Certain %n%s%al con"i#%rations o" data can serve as t!e basis "or 'recise eat!er "orecasts even t!o%#! t!e e(act ca%sal &ec!anis&s are not %nderstood. .1/ Most si#ni"icant #ains in t!e acc%rac, o" t!e relevant &at!e&atical &odels are acco&'anied b, clear #ains in t!e 'recision o" eat!er "orecasts. .C/ Mat!e&atical &odels o" t!e &eteorolo#ical a"ter&at! o" s%c! catastro'!ic http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AB

events as volcanic er%'tions are be#innin# to be constr%cted. .3/ Modern eat!er "orecasts "or as &%c! as a "%ll da, a!ead are broadl, correct abo%t BI 'ercent o" t!e ti&e. .E/ Meteorolo#ists readil, concede t!at t!e acc%rate &at!e&atical &odel t!e, are talkin# abo%t is not no in t!eir 'o er to constr%ct. 1<. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e &eteorolo#ists boast9 aside "ro& t!e do%bt e('ressed in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ T!e a&o%nt o" ener#, t!at t!e Eart! receives "ro& t!e S%n is &onitored closel, and is kno n not to be constant. .1/ 4olcanic er%'tions9 t!e co&b%stion o" "ossil "%els9 and several ot!er 'rocesses t!at also cannot be 0%anti"ied it! an, acc%rac, are kno n to !ave a si#ni"icant and contin%in# i&'act on t!e constit%tion o" t!e at&os'!ere. .C/ As c%rrent &odels o" t!e at&os'!ere are i&'roved9 even s&all incre&ents in co&'le(it, ill &ean lar#e increases in t!e n%&ber o" co&'%ters re0%ired "or t!e re'resentation o" t!e &odels. .3/ $re0%ent and acc%rate data abo%t t!e at&os'!ere collected at a lar#e n%&ber o" 'oints bot! on and above t!e #ro%nd are a 'rere0%isite "or t!e constr%ction o" a #ood &odel o" t!e at&os'!ere. .E/ 6it! e(istin# &odels o" t!e at&os'!ere9 lar#e scale eat!er 'atterns can be 'redicted it! #reater acc%rac, t!an can relativel, local eat!er 'atterns. 1C. 7" t!e co%ntries t!at ere t!e orlds t ent, lar#est e('orters in 1H@<9 "o%r !ad t!e sa&e s!are o" total orld e('orts in 1HBC as in 1H@<. T!eses co%ntries can t!ere"ore serve as &odels "or t!ose co%ntries t!at is! to kee' t!eir s!are o" t!e #lobal e('ort trade stable over t!e ,ears. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e s%itabilit, o" t!ose "o%r co%ntries as &odels in t!e sense described.A/ Man, co%ntries is! to increase t!eir s!are o" orld e('ort trade9 not +%st kee' it stable. .1/ Man, co%ntries are less concerned it! e('orts alone t!an it! !e balance bet een e('orts and i&'orts. .C/ 6it! res'ect to t!e &i( o" 'rod%cts eac! e('orts9 t!e "o%r co%ntries are ver, di""erent "ro& eac! ot!er. .3/ 7" t!e "o%r co%ntries9 t o !ad a &%c! lar#er9 and t o !ad a &%c! s&aller9 s!are o" total orld e('orts in 1HAI t!an in 1HBC. .E/ T!e e('orts o" t!e "o%r co%ntries ran#e "ro& 1@ 'ercent to A@ 'ercent o" t!e total national o%t'%t. Questions 15-1& are based on the following. In t!e =nited States9 t!e Fostal Service !as a &ono'ol, on "irst8class &ail9 b%t &%c! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AH

o" !at is sent "irst class co%ld be trans&itted electronicall,. Electronic trans&ittal o'erators ar#%e t!at i" t!e Fostal Service ere to o""er electronic trans&ission9 it o%ld !ave an %n"air advanta#e9 since its electronic trans&ission service co%ld be s%bsidi)ed "ro& t!e 'ro"its o" t!e &ono'ol,. 1@. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" eac! is tr%e9 o%ld alla, t!e electronic trans&ittal o'erators "ears o" %n"air co&'etition.A/ I" t!e Fostal Service ere to o""er electronic trans&ission9 it co%ld not &ake a 'ro"it on "irst8class &ail. .1/ I" t!e Fostal Service ere to o""er electronic trans&ission9 it o%ld !ave a &ono'ol, on t!at kind o" service. .C/ M%c! o" t!e &aterial t!at is no sent b, "irst8class &ail co%ld be delivered &%c! "aster b, s'ecial 'acka#e co%riers9 b%t is not sent t!at a, beca%se o" cost. .3/ T!ere is no econo&, o" scale in electronic trans&issionKt!at is9 t!e cost 'er transaction does not #o do n as &ore 'ieces o" in"or&ation are trans&itted. .E/ Electronic trans&ission ill never be cost8e""ective "or &aterial not sent b, "irst8class &ail s%c! as ne s'a'ers and b%lk &ail. 1G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions can be ans ered on t!e basis o" t!e in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ Is t!e Fostal Service as e""icient as 'rivatel, o ned electric trans&ission services.1/ I" 'rivate o'erators ere allo ed to o'erate "irst8class &ail services9 o%ld t!e, c!oose to do so.C/ 3o t!e electronic trans&ittal o'erators believe t!at t!e Fostal Service &akes a 'ro"it on "irst8class &ail.3/ Is t!e Fostal Service 'ro!ibited "ro& o""erin# electronic trans&ission services.E/ Is t!e Fostal Service e('ected to !ave a &ono'ol, on electronic trans&ission1A. Lists o" !os'itals !ave been co&'iled s!o in# !ic! !os'itals !ave 'atient deat! rates e(ceedin# t!e national avera#e. T!e data !ave been ad+%sted to allo "or di""erences in t!e a#es o" 'atients. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides a #ood lo#ical #ro%nd "or !os'itals to ob+ect to inter'retin# rank on t!ese lists as one o" t!e indices o" t!e 0%alit, o" !os'ital care EECEFT: .A/ Rank order &i#!t indicate insi#ni"icant di""erences9 rat!er t!an lar#e di""erences9 in n%&bers o" 'atient deat!s. .1/ :os'itals t!at kee' 'atients lon#er are likel, to !ave !i#!er deat! rates t!an t!ose t!at disc!ar#e 'atients earlier b%t do not record deat!s o" 'atients at

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BI

!o&e a"ter disc!ar#e. .C/ Fatients !o are ver, old on ad&ission to a !os'ital are less likel, t!an ,o%n#er 'atients to s%rvive t!e sa&e t,'es o" illnesses or s%r#ical 'roced%res. .3/ So&e !os'itals serve a lar#er 'ro'ortion o" lo 8inco&e 'atients9 !o tend to be &ore serio%sl, ill !en ad&itted to a !os'ital. .E/ $or8'ro"it !os'itals so&eti&es do not 'rovide intensive8care %nits and ot!er e('ensive services "or ver, sick 'atients b%t re"er or trans"er s%c! 'atients to ot!er !os'itals. 1B. Teresa: Manned s'ace"li#!t does not !ave a "%t%re9 since it cannot co&'ete econo&icall, it! ot!er &eans o" acco&'lis!in# t!e ob+ectives o" s'ace"li#!t. Ed ard: 2o &ode o" !%&an trans'ortation !as a better record o" reliabilit,: t o accidents in t ent,8"ive ,ears. T!%s &anned s'ace"li#!t de"initel, !as a 'ositive "%t%re. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best lo#ical eval%ation o" Ed ards ar#%&ent as a res'onse to Teresas ar#%&ent.A/ It cites evidence t!at9 i" tr%e9 tends to dis'rove t!e evidence cited b, Teresa in dra in# !er concl%sion. .1/ It indicates a lo#ical #a' in t!e s%''ort t!at Teresa o""ers "or !er concl%sion. .C/ It raises a consideration t!at o%t ei#!s t!e ar#%&ent Teresa &akes. .3/ It does not &eet Teresas 'oint beca%se it ass%&es t!at t!ere is no serio%s i&'edi&ent to trans'ortin# 'eo'le into s'ace9 b%t t!is as t!e iss%e raised b, Teresa. .E/ It "ails to res'ond to Teresas ar#%&ent beca%se it does not address t!e "%nda&ental iss%e o" !et!er s'ace activities s!o%ld !ave 'riorit, over ot!er clai&s on t!e national b%d#et. 1H. 1lack A&ericans are9 on t!e !ole9 abo%t t ice as likel, as 6!ite A&ericans to develo' !i#! blood 'ress%re. T!is likeli!ood also !olds "or esterni)ed 1lack A"ricans !en co&'ared to 6!ite A"ricans. Researc!ers !ave !,'ot!esi)ed t!at t!is 'redis'osition in esterni)ed 1lacks &a, re"lect an interaction bet een estern !i#!8salt diets and #enes t!at ada'ted to an environ&ental scarcit, o" salt. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents abo%t 'resent8da,9 esterni)ed 1lack A"ricans9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost tend to con"ir& t!e researc!ers !,'ot!esis.A/ T!e blood 'ress%res o" t!ose descended "ro& 'eo'les sit%ated t!ro%#!o%t t!eir !istor, in Sene#al and Ga&bia9 !ere salt as al a,s available9 are lo . .1/ T!e %n%s%all, !i#! salt cons%&'tion in certain areas o" A"rica re'resents a serio%s !ealt! 'roble&. .C/ 1eca%se o" t!eir blood 'ress%re levels9 &ost 6!ite A"ricans !ave &arkedl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1

decreased t!eir salt cons%&'tion. .3/ 1lood 'ress%res are lo a&on# t!e *or%ba9 !o9 t!ro%#!o%t t!eir !istor,9 !ave been sit%ated "ar inland "ro& so%rces o" sea salt and "ar so%t! o" Sa!aran salt &ines. .E/ 2o si#ni"icant di""erences in salt &etabolis& !ave been "o%nd bet een t!ose 'eo'le !o !ave !ad salt available t!ro%#!o%t t!eir !istor, and t!ose !o !ave not. 5I. T!e "ollo in# 'ro'osal to a&end t!e b,la s o" an or#ani)ation as circ%lated to its &e&bers "or co&&ent. 6!en &ore t!an one no&inee is to be na&ed "or an o""ice9 'ros'ective no&inees &%st consent to no&ination and be"ore #ivin# s%c! consent &%st be told !o t!e ot!er no&inees ill be. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# co&&ents concernin# t!e lo#ic o" t!e 'ro'osal is acc%rate i" it cannot be kno n !o t!e act%al no&inees are %ntil 'ros'ective no&inees !ave #iven t!eir consent to be no&inated.A/ T!e 'ro'osal o%ld &ake it 'ossible "or eac! o" several no&inees "or an o""ice to be a are o" !o all o" t!e ot!er no&inees are. .1/ T!e 'ro'osal o%ld iden t!e c!oice available to t!ose c!oosin# a&on# t!e no&inees. .C/ I" t!ere are several 'ros'ective no&inees9 t!e 'ro'osal o%ld den, t!e last no&inee e0%al treat&ent it! t!e "irst. .3/ T!e 'ro'osal o%ld enable a 'ros'ective no&inee to it!dra "ro& co&'etition it! a s'eci"ic 'erson it!o%t &akin# t!at it!dra al kno n. .E/ I" t!ere is &ore t!an one 'ros'ective no&inee9 t!e 'ro'osal o%ld &ake it i&'ossible "or an,one to beco&e a no&inee. TEST C 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo In a s%rve, o" +ob a''licants9 t o8"i"t!s ad&itted to bein# at least a little dis!onest. :o ever9 t!e s%rve, &a, %nderesti&ate t!e 'ro'ortion o" +ob a''licants !o are dis!onest9 beca%se;;;;;; .A/ so&e dis!onest 'eo'le takin# t!e s%rve, &i#!t !ave clai&ed on t!e s%rve, to be !onest .1/ so&e #enerall, !onest 'eo'le takin# t!e s%rve, &i#!t !ave clai&ed on t!e s%rve, to be dis!onest .C/ so&e 'eo'le !o clai&ed on t!e s%rve, to be at least a little dis!onest &a, be ver, dis!onest .3/ so&e 'eo'le !o clai&ed on t!e s%rve, to be dis!onest &a, !ave been ans erin# !onestl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B5

.E/ so&e 'eo'le !o are not +ob a''licants are 'robabl, at least a little dis!onest Questions !-3 are based on the following. T!e avera#e li"e e('ectanc, "or t!e =nited States 'o'%lation as a !ole is A<.H ,ears9 b%t c!ildren born in :a aii ill live an avera#e o" AA ,ears9 and t!ose born in Lo%isiana9 A1.A ,ears. I" a ne l, ed co%'le "ro& Lo%isiana ere to be#in t!eir "a&il, in :a aii9 t!ere"ore9 t!eir c!ildren o%ld be e('ected to live lon#er t!an o%ld be t!e case i" t!e "a&il, re&ained in Lo%isiana. 5. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion dra n in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Ins%rance co&'an, statisticians do not believe t!at &ovin# to :a aii ill si#ni"icantl, len#t!en t!e avera#e Lo%isianians li"e. .1/ T!e #overnor o" Lo%isiana !as "alsel, alle#ed t!at statistics "or !is state are inacc%rate. .C/ T!e lon#evit, ascribed to :a aiis c%rrent 'o'%lation is attrib%table &ostl, to #eneticall, deter&ined "actors. .3/ T!irt, 'ercent o" all Lo%isianians can e('ect to live lon#er t!an AA ,ears. .E/ Most o" t!e :a aiian Islands !ave levels o" air 'oll%tion ell belo t!e national avera#e "or t!e =nited States. <. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost si#ni"icantl, stren#t!en t!e concl%sion dra n in t!e 'assa#e.A/ As 'o'%lation densit, increases in :a aii9 li"e e('ectanc, "i#%res "or t!at state are likel, to be revised do n ard. .1/ Environ&ental "actors tendin# to "avor lon#evit, are ab%ndant in :a aii and less n%&ero%s in Lo%isiana. .C/ T ent,8"ive 'ercent o" all Lo%isianians !o &ove to :a aii live lon#er t!an AA ,ears. .3/ 7ver t!e last decade9 avera#e li"e e('ectanc, !as risen at a !i#!er rate "or Lo%isianians t!an "or :a aiians. .E/ St%dies s!o t!at t!e avera#e li"e e('ectanc, "or :a aiians !o &ove 'er&anentl, to Lo%isiana is ro%#!l, e0%al to t!at o" :a aiians !o re&ain in :a aii. C. Ins%rance Co&'an, E is considerin# iss%in# a ne 'olic, to cover services re0%ired b, elderl, 'eo'le !o s%""er "ro& diseases t!at a""lict t!e elderl,. Fre&i%&s "or t!e 'olic, &%st be lo eno%#! to attract c%sto&ers. T!ere"ore9 Co&'an, E is concerned t!at t!e inco&e "ro& t!e 'olicies o%ld not be s%""icient to 'a, "or t!e clai&s t!at o%ld be &ade. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# strate#ies o%ld be &ost likel, to &ini&i)e Co&'an, Es losses on t!e 'olicies.A/ Attractin# &iddle8a#ed c%sto&ers %nlikel, to s%b&it clai&s "or bene"its "or http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<

&an, ,ears .1/ Ins%rin# onl, t!ose individ%als !o did not s%""er an, serio%s diseases as c!ildren .C/ Incl%din# a #reater n%&ber o" services in t!e 'olic, t!an are incl%ded in ot!er 'olicies o" lo er cost .3/ Ins%rin# onl, t!ose individ%als !o ere re+ected b, ot!er co&'anies "or si&ilar 'olicies .E/ Ins%rin# onl, t!ose individ%als !o are ealt!, eno%#! to 'a, "or t!e &edical services @. A 'ro#ra& instit%ted in a 'artic%lar state allo s 'arents to 're'a, t!eir c!ildrens "%t%re colle#e t%ition at c%rrent rates. T!e 'ro#ra& t!en 'a,s t!e t%ition ann%all, "or t!e c!ild at an, o" t!e states '%blic colle#es in !ic! t!e c!ild enrolls. Farents s!o%ld 'artici'ate in t!e 'ro#ra& as a &eans o" decreasin# t!e cost "or t!eir c!ildrens colle#e ed%cation. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e &ost a''ro'riate reason "or 'arents not to 'artici'ate in t!e 'ro#ra&.A/ T!e 'arents are %ns%re abo%t !ic! '%bic colle#e in t!e state t!e c!ild ill attend. .1/ T!e a&o%nt o" &one, acc%&%lated b, '%ttin# t!e 're'a,&ent "%nds in an interest8bearin# acco%nt toda, ill be #reater t!an t!e total cost o" t%ition "or an, o" t!e '%bic colle#es !en t!e c!ild enrolls. .C/ T!e ann%al cost o" t%ition at t!e states '%bic colle#es is e('ected to increase at a "aster rate t!an t!e ann%al increase in t!e cost o" livin#. .3/ So&e o" t!e states '%blic colle#es are conte&'latin# lar#e increases in t%ition ne(t ,ear. .E/ T!e 're'a,&ent 'lan o%ld not cover t!e cost o" roo& and board at an, o" t!e states '%blic colle#es. G. Co&'an, Al'!a b%,s "ree8travel co%'ons "ro& 'eo'le !o are a arded t!e co%'ons b, 1ravo Airlines "or "l,in# "re0%entl, on 1ravo air'lanes. T!e co%'ons are sold to 'eo'le !o 'a, less "or t!e co%'ons t!an t!e, o%ld 'a, b, '%rc!asin# tickets "ro& 1ravo. T!is &arketin# o" co%'ons res%lts in lost reven%e "or 1ravo. To disco%ra#e t!e b%,in# and sellin# o" "ree8travel co%'ons9 it o%ld be best "or 1ravo Airlines to restrict t!e .A/ n%&ber o" co%'ons t!at a 'erson can be a arded in a 'artic%lar ,ear .1/ %se o" t!e co%'ons to t!ose !o ere a arded t!e co%'ons and &e&bers o" t!eir i&&ediate "a&ilies .C/ da,s t!at t!e co%'ons can be %sed to Monda, t!ro%#! $rida, .3/ a&o%nt o" ti&e t!at t!e co%'ons can be %sed a"ter t!e, are iss%ed

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BC

.E/ n%&ber o" ro%tes on !ic! travelers can %se t!e co%'ons A. T!e ice on t!e "ront inds!ield o" t!e car !ad "or&ed !en &oist%re condensed d%rin# t!e ni#!t. T!e ice &elted 0%ickl, a"ter t!e car as ar&ed %' t!e ne(t &ornin# beca%se t!e de"rostin# vent9 !ic! blo s onl, on t!e "ront inds!ield9 as t%rned on "%ll "orce. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, +eo'ardi)es t!e validit, o" t!e e('lanation "or t!e s'eed it! !ic! t!e ice &elted.A/ T!e side indo s !ad no ice condensation on t!e&. .1/ Even t!o%#! no atte&'t as &ade to de"rost t!e back indo 9 t!e ice t!ere &elted at t!e sa&e rate as did t!e ice on t!e "ront inds!ield. .C/ T!e s'eed at !ic! ice on a indo &elts increases as t!e te&'erat%re o" t!e air blo n on t!e indo increases. .3/ T!e ar& air "ro& t!e de"rostin# vent "or t!e "ront inds!ield cools ra'idl, as it dissi'ates t!ro%#!o%t t!e rest o" t!e car. .E/ T!e de"rostin# vent o'erates e""icientl, even !en t!e !eater9 !ic! blo s ar& air to ard t!e "eet or "aces o" t!e driver and 'assen#ers9 is on. B. To 'revent so&e con"licts o" interest9 Con#ress co%ld 'ro!ibit !i#!8level #overn&ent o""icials "ro& acce'tin# 'ositions as lobb,ists "or t!ree ,ears a"ter s%c! o""icials leave #overn&ent service. 7ne s%c! o""icial concl%ded9 !o ever9 t!at s%c! a 'ro!ibition o%ld be %n"ort%nate beca%se it o%ld 'revent !i#!8level #overn&ent o""icials "ro& earnin# a liveli!ood "or t!ree ,ears. T!e o""icials concl%sion lo#icall, de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ La s s!o%ld not restrict t!e be!avior o" "or&er #overn&ent o""icials. .1/ Lobb,ists are t,'icall, 'eo'le !o !ave 'revio%sl, been !i#!8level #overn&ent o""icials. .C/ Lo 8level #overn&ent o""icials do not o"ten beco&e lobb,ists !en t!e, leave #overn&ent service. .3/ :i#!8level #overn&ent o""icials !o leave #overn&ent service are ca'able o" earnin# a liveli!ood onl, as lobb,ists. .E/ :i#!8level #overn&ent o""icials !o leave #overn&ent service are c%rrentl, 'er&itted to act as lobb,ists "or onl, t!ree ,ears. H. A conservation #ro%' in t!e =nited States is tr,in# to c!an#e t!e lon#8standin# i&a#e o" bats as "ri#!tenin# creat%res. T!e #ro%' contends t!at bats are "eared and 'ersec%ted solel, beca%se t!e, are s!, ani&als t!at are active onl, at ni#!t. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e acc%rac, o" t!e #ro%'s contention.A/ 1ats are steadil, losin# nat%ral roostin# 'laces s%c! as caves and !ollo trees and are t!%s t%rnin# to &ore develo'ed areas "or roostin#. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@

.1/ 1ats are t!e c!ie" cons%&ers o" noct%rnal insects and t!%s can !el' &ake t!eir !%ntin# territor, &ore 'leasant "or !%&ans. .C/ 1ats are re#arded as "ri#!tenin# creat%res not onl, in t!e =nited States b%t also in E%ro'e9 A"rica9 and So%t! A&erica. .3/ Raccoons and o ls are s!, and active onl, at ni#!tD ,et t!e, are not #enerall, "eared and 'ersec%ted. .E/ Feo'le kno &ore abo%t t!e be!avior o" ot!er #reatl, "eared ani&al s'ecies9 s%c! as lions9 alli#ators9 and snakes9 t!an t!e, do abo%t t!e be!avior o" bats. 1I. Meteorite e('losions in t!e Eart!s at&os'!ere as lar#e as t!e one t!at destro,ed "orests in Siberia9 it! a''ro(i&atel, t!e "orce o" a t elve8&e#aton n%clear blast9 occ%r abo%t once a cent%r,. T!e res'onse o" !i#!l, a%to&ated s,ste&s controlled b, co&'le( co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s to %ne('ected circ%&stances is %n'redictable. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can &ost 'ro'erl, be dra n9 i" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 abo%t a !i#!l, a%to&ated n%clear8&issile de"ense s,ste& controlled b, a co&'le( co&'%ter 'ro#ra&.A/ 6it!in a cent%r, a"ter its constr%ction9 t!e s,ste& o%ld react ina''ro'riatel, and &i#!t accidentall, start a n%clear ar. .1/ T!e s,ste& o%ld be destro,ed i" an e('losion o" a lar#e &eteorite occ%rred in t!e Eart!s at&os'!ere. .C/ It o%ld be i&'ossible "or t!e s,ste& to distin#%is! t!e e('losion o" a lar#e &eteorite "ro& t!e e('losion o" a n%clear ea'on. .3/ 6!et!er t!e s,ste& o%ld res'ond ina''ro'riatel, to t!e e('losion o" a lar#e &eteorite o%ld de'end on t!e location o" t!e blast. .E/ It is not certain !at t!e s,ste&s res'onse to t!e e('losion o" a lar#e &eteorite o%ld be9 i" its desi#ners did not 'lan "or s%c! a contin#enc,. Questions 11-1! are based on the following. T!e "e er restrictions t!ere are on t!e advertisin# o" le#al services9 t!e &ore la ,ers t!ere are !o advertise t!eir services9 and t!e la ,ers !o advertise a s'eci"ic service %s%all, c!ar#e less "or t!at service t!an la ,ers !o do not advertise. T!ere"ore9 i" t!e state re&oves an, o" its c%rrent restrictions9 s%c! as t!e one a#ainst advertise&ents t!at do not s'eci", "ee arran#e&ents9 overall cons%&er le#al costs ill be lo er t!an i" t!e state retains its c%rrent restrictions. 11. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ So&e la ,ers !o no advertise ill c!ar#e &ore "or s'eci"ic services i" t!e, do not !ave to s'eci", "ee arran#e&ents in t!e advertise&ents. .1/ More cons%&ers ill %se le#al services i" t!ere are "e er restrictions on t!e advertisin# o" le#al services. .C/ I" t!e restriction a#ainst advertise&ents t!at do not s'eci", "ee arran#e&ents http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BG

is re&oved9 &ore la ,ers ill advertise t!eir services. .3/ I" &ore la ,ers advertise lo er 'rices "or s'eci"ic services9 so&e la ,ers !o do not advertise ill also c!ar#e less t!an t!e, c%rrentl, c!ar#e "or t!ose services. .E/ I" t!e onl, restrictions on t!e advertisin# o" le#al services ere t!ose t!at a''l, to ever, t,'e o" advertisin#9 &ost la ,ers o%ld advertise t!eir services. 15. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e ar#%&ent concernin# overall cons%&er le#al costs.A/ T!e state !as recentl, re&oved so&e ot!er restrictions t!at !ad li&ited t!e advertisin# o" le#al services. .1/ T!e state is %nlikel, to re&ove all o" t!e restrictions t!at a''l, solel, to t!e advertisin# o" le#al services. .C/ La ,ers !o do not advertise #enerall, 'rovide le#al services o" t!e sa&e 0%alit, as t!ose 'rovided b, la ,ers !o do advertise. .3/ Most la ,ers !o no s'eci", "ee arran#e&ents in t!eir advertise&ents o%ld contin%e to do so even i" t!e s'eci"ication ere not re0%ired. .E/ Most la ,ers !o advertise s'eci"ic services do not lo er t!eir "ees "or t!ose services !en t!e, be#in to advertise. 1<. 3e"ense 3e'art&ent anal,sts orr, t!at t!e abilit, o" t!e =nited States to a#e a 'rolon#ed ar o%ld be serio%sl, endan#ered i" t!e &ac!ine8tool &an%"act%rin# base s!rinks "%rt!er. 1e"ore t!e 3e"ense 3e'art&ent '%blicl, connected t!is sec%rit, iss%e it! t!e i&'ort 0%ota iss%e9 !o ever9 t!e &ac!ine8tool ind%str, raised t!e national sec%rit, iss%e in its 'etition "or i&'ort 0%otas. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to an e('lanation o" t!e &ac!ine8tool ind%str,s raisin# t!e iss%e above re#ardin# national sec%rit,.A/ 6!en t!e aircra"t ind%stries retooled9 t!e, 'rovided a lar#e a&o%nt o" ork "or tool b%ilders. .1/ T!e 3e"ense 3e'art&ent is onl, &ar#inall, concerned it! t!e e""ects o" "orei#n co&'etition on t!e &ac!ine8tool ind%str,. .C/ T!e &ac!ine8tool ind%str, enco%ntered di""ic%lt, in obtainin# #overn&ental 'rotection a#ainst i&'orts on #ro%nds ot!er t!an de"ense. .3/ A "e ea'ons i&'ortant "or de"ense consist o" 'arts t!at do not re0%ire e(tensive &ac!inin#. .E/ Several "ederal #overn&ent 'ro#ra&s !ave been desi#ned !ic! ill enable do&estic &ac!ine8tool &an%"act%rin# "ir&s to co&'ete s%ccess"%ll, it! "orei#n tool&akers. 1C. 7''onents o" la s t!at re0%ire a%to&obile drivers and 'assen#ers to ear seat belts ar#%e t!at in a "ree societ, 'eo'le !ave t!e ri#!t to take risks as lon# as t!e

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BA

'eo'le do not !ar& ot!ers as a res%lt o" takin# t!e risks. As a res%lt9 t!e, concl%de t!at it s!o%ld be eac! 'ersons decision !et!er or not to ear a seat belt. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ Man, ne cars are b%ilt it! seat belts t!at a%to&aticall, "asten !en so&eone sits in t!e "ront seat. .1/ A%to&obile ins%rance rates "or all a%to&obile o ners are !i#!er beca%se o" t!e need to 'a, "or t!e increased in+%ries or deat!s o" 'eo'le not earin# seat belts. .C/ Fassen#ers in air'lanes are re0%ired to ear seat belts d%rin# takeo""s and landin#s. .3/ T!e rate o" a%to&obile "atalities in states t!at do not !ave &andator, seat8 belt la s is #reater t!an t!e rate o" "atalities in states t!at do !ave s%c! la s. .E/ In a%to&obile accidents9 a #reater n%&ber o" 'assen#ers !o do not ear seat belts are in+%red t!an are 'assen#ers !o do ear seat belts. 1@. T!e cost o" 'rod%cin# radios in Co%ntr, N is ten 'ercent less t!an t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# radios in Co%ntr, *. Even a"ter trans'ortation "ees and tari"" c!ar#es are added9 it is still c!ea'er "or a co&'an, to i&'ort radios "ro& Co%ntr, N to Co%ntr, * t!an to 'rod%ce radios in Co%ntr, *. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 best s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# assertions.A/ Labor costs in Co%ntr, N are ten 'ercent belo t!ose in Co%ntr, *. .1/ I&'ortin# radios "ro& Co%ntr, N to Co%ntr, * ill eli&inate ten 'ercent o" t!e &an%"act%rin# +obs in Co%ntr, *. .C/ T!e tari"" on a radio i&'orted "ro& Co%ntr, N to Co%ntr, * is less t!an ten 'ercent o" t!e cost o" &an%"act%rin# t!e radio in Co%ntr, *. .3/ T!e "ee "or trans'ortin# a radio "ro& Co%ntr, N to Co%ntr, * is &ore t!an ten 'ercent o" t!e cost o" &an%"act%rin# t!e radio in Co%ntr, N. .E/ It takes ten 'ercent less ti&e to &an%"act%re a radio in Co%ntr, N t!an it does in Co%ntr, *. 1G. 3%rin# t!e Second 6orld 6ar9 abo%t <A@9III civilians died in t!e =nited States and abo%t CIB9III &e&bers o" t!e =nited States ar&ed "orces died overseas. 7n t!e basis o" t!ose "i#%res9 it can be concl%ded t!at it as not &%c! &ore dan#ero%s to be overseas in t!e ar&ed "orces d%rin# t!e Second 6orld 6ar t!an it as to sta, at !o&e as a civilian. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld reveal &ost clearl, t!e abs%rdit, o" t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ Co%ntin# deat!s a&on# &e&bers o" t!e ar&ed "orces !o served in t!e =nited States in addition to deat!s a&on# &e&bers o" t!e ar&ed "orces servin# overseas http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BB

.1/ E('ressin# t!e di""erence bet een t!e n%&bers o" deat!s a&on# civilians and &e&bers o" t!e ar&ed "orces as a 'ercenta#e o" t!e total n%&ber o" deat!s .C/ Se'aratin# deat!s ca%sed b, accidents d%rin# service in t!e ar&ed "orces "ro& deat!s ca%sed b, co&bat in+%ries .3/ Co&'arin# deat! rates 'er t!o%sand &e&bers o" eac! #ro%' rat!er t!an co&'arin# total n%&bers o" deat!s .E/ Co&'arin# deat!s ca%sed b, accidents in t!e =nited States to deat!s ca%sed b, co&bat in t!e ar&ed "orces 1A. 7ne state adds a A 'ercent sales ta( to t!e 'rice o" &ost 'rod%cts '%rc!ased it!in its +%risdiction. T!is ta(9 t!ere"ore9 i" vie ed as ta( on inco&e9 !as t!e reverse e""ect o" t!e "ederal inco&e ta(: t!e lo er t!e inco&e9 t!e !i#!er t!e ann%al 'ercenta#e rate at !ic! t!e inco&e is ta(ed. T!e concl%sion above o%ld be 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ere ass%&ed as a 're&ise.A/ T!e a&o%nt o" &one, citi)ens s'end on 'rod%cts s%b+ect to t!e state ta( tends to be e0%al across inco&e levels. .1/ T!e "ederal inco&e ta( "avors citi)ens it! !i#! inco&es9 !ereas t!e state sales ta( "avors citi)ens it! lo inco&es. .C/ Citi)ens it! lo ann%al inco&es can a""ord to 'a, a relativel, !i#!er 'ercenta#e o" t!eir inco&es in state sales ta(9 since t!eir "ederal inco&e ta( is relativel, lo . .3/ T!e lo er a states sales ta(9 t!e &ore it ill tend to redistrib%te inco&e "ro& t!e &ore a""l%ent citi)ens to t!e rest o" societ,. .E/ Citi)ens !o "ail to earn "ederall, ta(able inco&e are also e(e&'t "ro& t!e state sales ta(. 1B. T!e avera#e a#e o" c!ie" e(ec%tive o""icers .CE7s/ in a lar#e sa&'le o" co&'anies is @A. T!e avera#e a#e o" CE7s in t!ose sa&e co&'anies 5I ,ears a#o as a''ro(i&atel, ei#!t ,ears ,o%n#er. 7n t!e basis o" t!ose data9 it can be concl%ded t!at CE7s in #eneral tend to be older no . 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# casts t!e &ost do%bt on t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ T!e dates !en t!e CE7s ass%&ed t!eir c%rrent 'ositions !ave not been s'eci"ied. .1/ 2o in"or&ation is #iven concernin# t!e avera#e n%&ber o" ,ears t!at CE7s re&ain in o""ice. .C/ T!e in"or&ation is based onl, on co&'anies t!at !ave been o'eratin# "or at least 5I ,ears. .3/ 7nl, a''ro(i&ate in"or&ation is #iven concernin# t!e avera#e a#e o" t!e CE7s 5I ,ears a#o. .E/ In"or&ation concernin# t!e e(act n%&ber o" co&'anies in t!e sa&'le !as not http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BH

been #iven. Questions 19-!0 are based on the following. S%rve,s s!o t!at ever, ,ear onl, 1I 'ercent o" ci#arette s&okers s itc! brands. *et t!e &an%"act%rers !ave been s'endin# an a&o%nt e0%al to 1I 'ercent o" t!eir #ross recei'ts on ci#arette 'ro&otion in &a#a)ines. It "ollo s "ro& t!ese "i#%res t!at ind%cin# ci#arette s&okers to s itc! brands did not 'a,9 and t!at ci#arette co&'anies o%ld !ave been no orse o"" econo&icall, i" t!e, !ad dro''ed t!eir advertisin#. 1H. 7" t!e "ollo in#9 t!e best criticis& o" t!e concl%sion t!at ind%cin# ci#arette s&okers to s itc! brands did not 'a, is t!at t!e concl%sion is based on .A/ co&'%tin# advertisin# costs as a 'ercenta#e o" #ross recei'ts9 not o" overall costs .1/ 'ast 'atterns o" s&okin# and &a, not carr, over to t!e "%t%re .C/ t!e ass%&'tion t!at eac! s&oker is lo,al to a sin#le brand o" ci#arettes at an, one ti&e .3/ t!e ass%&'tion t!at eac! &an%"act%rer 'rod%ces onl, one brand o" ci#arettes .E/ "i#%res "or t!e ci#arette ind%str, as a !ole and &a, not !old "or a 'artic%lar co&'an, 5I. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e concl%sion t!at ci#arette co&'anies co%ld !ave dro''ed advertisin# it!o%t s%""erin# econo&icall,.A/ Ci#arette advertise&ents 'rovide a &a+or 'ro'ortion o" total advertisin# reven%e "or n%&ero%s &a#a)ines. .1/ Ci#arette 'ro&otion serves to attract "irst8ti&e s&okers to re'lace t!ose 'eo'le !o !ave sto''ed s&okin#. .C/ T!ere e(ists no researc! concl%sivel, de&onstratin# t!at increases in ci#arette advertisin# are related to increases in s&okin#. .3/ Advertisin# is so "ir&l, establis!ed as a &a+or b%siness activit, o" ci#arette &an%"act%rers t!at t!e, o%ld be %nlikel, to dro' it. .E/ 1rand lo,alt, is t,'icall, not ver, stron# a&on# t!ose !o s&oke ine('ensive ci#arettes. TEST @ 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. To%#!ened !irin# standards !ave not been t!e 'ri&ar, ca%se o" t!e 'resent sta""in# s!orta#e in '%blic sc!ools. T!e s!orta#e o" teac!ers is 'ri&aril, ca%sed b, t!e "act t!at in recent ,ears teac!ers !ave not e('erienced an, i&'rove&ents in orkin# conditions and t!eir salaries !ave not ke't 'ace it! salaries in ot!er 'ro"essions. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost s%''ort t!e clai&s abovehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

HI

.A/ Man, teac!ers alread, in t!e 'ro"ession o%ld not !ave been !ired %nder t!e ne !irin# standards. .1/ Toda, &ore teac!ers are enterin# t!e 'ro"ession it! a !i#!er ed%cational level t!an in t!e 'ast. .C/ So&e teac!ers !ave cited !i#!er standards "or !irin# as a reason "or t!e c%rrent sta""in# s!orta#e. .3/ Man, teac!ers !ave cited lo 'a, and lack o" 'ro"essional "reedo& as reasons "or t!eir leavin# t!e 'ro"ession. .E/ Man, 'ros'ective teac!ers !ave cited t!e ne !irin# standards as a reason "or not enterin# t!e 'ro"ession. 5. A 'ro'osed ordinance re0%ires t!e installation in ne !o&es o" s'rinklers a%to&aticall, tri##ered b, t!e 'resence o" a "ire. :o ever9 a !o&e b%ilder ar#%ed t!at beca%se &ore t!an ninet, 'ercent o" residential "ires are e(tin#%is!ed b, a !o%se!old &e&ber9 residential s'rinklers o%ld onl, &ar#inall, decrease 'ro'ert, da&a#e ca%sed b, residential "ires. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e !o&e b%ilders ar#%&ent.A/ Most individ%als !ave no "or&al trainin# in !o to e(tin#%is! "ires. .1/ Since ne !o&es are onl, a tin, 'ercenta#e o" available !o%sin# in t!e cit,9 t!e ne ordinance o%ld be e(tre&el, narro in sco'e. .C/ T!e installation o" s&oke detectors in ne residences costs si#ni"icantl, less t!an t!e installation o" s'rinklers. .3/ In t!e cit, !ere t!e ordinance as 'ro'osed9 t!e avera#e ti&e re0%ired b, t!e "ire de'art&ent to res'ond to a "ire as less t!an t!e national avera#e. .E/ T!e lar#est 'ro'ortion o" 'ro'ert, da&a#e t!at res%lts "ro& residential "ires is ca%sed b, "ires t!at start !en no !o%se!old &e&ber is 'resent. <. Even t!o%#! &ost %niversities retain t!e ro,alties "ro& "ac%lt, &e&bers inventions9 t!e "ac%lt, &e&bers retain t!e ro,alties "ro& books and articles t!e, rite. T!ere"ore9 "ac%lt, &e&bers s!o%ld retain t!e ro,alties "ro& t!e ed%cational co&'%ter so"t are t!e, develo'. T!e concl%sion above o%ld be &ore reasonabl, dra n i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ere inserted into t!e ar#%&ent as an additional 're&ise.A/ Ro,alties "ro& inventions are !i#!er t!an ro,alties "ro& ed%cational so"t are 'ro#ra&s. .1/ $ac%lt, &e&bers are &ore likel, to 'rod%ce ed%cational so"t are 'ro#ra&s t!an inventions. .C/ Inventions brin# &ore 'resti#e to %niversities t!an do books and articles. .3/ In t!e e('erience o" &ost %niversities9 ed%cational so"t are 'ro#ra&s are &ore &arketable t!an are books and articles.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

H1

.E/ In ter&s o" t!e criteria %sed to a ard ro,alties9 ed%cational so"t are 'ro#ra&s are &ore nearl, co&'arable to books and articles t!an to inventions. C. Increases in t!e level o" !i#!8densit, li'o'rotein .:3L/ in t!e !%&an bloodstrea& lo er bloodstrea&8c!olesterol levels b, increasin# t!e bod,s ca'acit, to rid itsel" o" e(cess c!olesterol. Levels o" :3L in t!e bloodstrea& o" so&e individ%als are si#ni"icantl, increased b, a 'ro#ra& o" re#%lar e(ercise and ei#!t red%ction. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be correctl, in"erred "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ Individ%als !o are %nder ei#!t do not r%n an, risk o" develo'in# !i#! levels o" c!olesterol in t!e bloodstrea&. .1/ Individ%als !o do not e(ercise re#%larl, !ave a !i#! risk o" develo'in# !i#! levels o" c!olesterol in t!e bloodstrea& late in li"e. .C/ E(ercise and ei#!t red%ction are t!e &ost e""ective &et!ods o" lo erin# bloodstrea& c!olesterol levels in !%&ans. .3/ A 'ro#ra& o" re#%lar e(ercise and ei#!t red%ction lo ers c!olesterol levels in t!e bloodstrea& o" so&e individ%als. .E/ 7nl, re#%lar e(ercise is necessar, to decrease c!olesterol levels in t!e bloodstrea& o" individ%als o" avera#e ei#!t. @. 6!en li&itations ere in e""ect on n%clear8ar&s testin#9 'eo'le tended to save &ore o" t!eir &one,9 b%t !en n%clear8ar&s testin# increased9 'eo'le tended to s'end &ore o" t!eir &one,. T!e 'erceived t!reat o" n%clear catastro'!e9 t!ere"ore9 decreases t!e illin#ness o" 'eo'le to 'ost'one cons%&'tion "or t!e sake o" savin# &one,. T!e ar#%&ent above ass%&es t!at .A/ t!e 'erceived t!reat o" n%clear catastro'!e !as increased over t!e ,ears .1/ &ost 'eo'le s%''orted t!e develo'&ent o" n%clear ar&s .C/ 'eo'les 'erce'tion o" t!e t!reat o" n%clear catastro'!e de'ends on t!e a&o%nt o" n%clear8ar&s testin# bein# done .3/ t!e 'eo'le !o saved t!e &ost &one, !en n%clear8ar&s testin# as li&ited ere t!e ones !o s%''orted s%c! li&itations .E/ t!ere are &ore cons%&er #oods available !en n%clear8ar&s testin# increases G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo Feo'le b%, 'resti#e !en t!e, b%, a 're&i%& 'rod%ct. T!e, ant to be associated it! so&et!in# s'ecial. Mass8&arketin# tec!ni0%es and 'rice8 red%ction strate#ies s!o%ld not be %sed beca%se;;;;;; .A/ a""l%ent '%rc!asers c%rrentl, re'resent a s!rinkin# 'ortion o" t!e 'o'%lation o" all '%rc!asers .1/ contin%ed sales de'end directl, on t!e &aintenance o" an a%ra o" e(cl%sivit, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

H5

.C/ '%rc!asers o" 're&i%& 'rod%cts are concerned it! t!e 0%alit, as ell as it! t!e 'rice o" t!e 'rod%cts .3/ e('ansion o" t!e &arket nic!e to incl%de a broader s'ectr%& o" cons%&ers ill increase 'ro"its .E/ &an%"act%rin# a 're&i%& brand is not necessaril, &ore costl, t!an &an%"act%rin# a standard brand o" t!e sa&e 'rod%ct A. A cost8e""ective sol%tion to t!e 'roble& o" air'ort con#estion is to 'rovide !i#!8 s'eed #ro%nd trans'ortation bet een &a+or cities l,in# 5II to @II &iles a'art. T!e s%ccess"%l i&'le&entation o" t!is 'lan o%ld cost "ar less t!an e('andin# e(istin# air'orts and o%ld also red%ce t!e n%&ber o" air'lanes clo##in# bot! air'orts and air a,s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 co%ld 'ro'onents o" t!e 'lan above &ost a''ro'riatel, cite as a 'iece o" evidence "or t!e so%ndness o" t!eir 'lan.A/ An e""ective !i#!8s'eed #ro%nd8trans'ortation s,ste& o%ld re0%ire &a+or re'airs to &an, !i#! a,s and &ass8transit i&'rove&ents. .1/ 7ne8!al" o" all de'artin# "li#!ts in t!e nations b%siest air'ort !ead "or a destination in a &a+or cit, 55@ &iles a a,. .C/ T!e &a+orit, o" travelers de'artin# "ro& r%ral air'orts are "l,in# to destinations in cities over GII &iles a a,. .3/ Man, ne air'orts are bein# b%ilt in areas t!at are 'resentl, served b, !i#!8 s'eed #ro%nd8trans'ortation s,ste&s. .E/ A lar#e 'ro'ortion o" air travelers are vacationers !o are takin# lon#8 distance "li#!ts. Questions 8-9 are based on the following. I" t!ere is an oil8s%''l, disr%'tion res%ltin# in !i#!er international oil 'rices9 do&estic oil 'rices in o'en8&arket co%ntries s%c! as t!e =nited States ill rise as ell9 !et!er s%c! co%ntries i&'ort all or none o" t!eir oil. B. I" t!e state&ent above concernin# oil8s%''l, disr%'tions is tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'olicies in an o'en8&arket nation is &ost likel, to red%ce t!e lon#8ter& econo&ic i&'act on t!at nation o" s!ar' and %ne('ected increases in international oil 'rices.A/ Maintainin# t!e 0%antit, o" oil i&'orted at constant ,earl, levels .1/ Increasin# t!e n%&ber o" oil tankers in its "leet .C/ S%s'endin# di'lo&atic relations it! &a+or oil8'rod%cin# nations .3/ 3ecreasin# oil cons%&'tion t!ro%#! conservation .E/ 3ecreasin# do&estic 'rod%ction o" oil H. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is best s%''orted b, t!e state&ent above.A/ 3o&estic 'rod%cers o" oil in o'en8&arket co%ntries are e(cl%ded "ro& t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

H<

international oil &arket !en t!ere is a disr%'tion in t!e international oil s%''l,. .1/ International oil8s%''l, disr%'tions !ave little9 i" an,9 e""ect on t!e 'rice o" do&estic oil as lon# as an o'en8&arket co%ntr, !as do&estic s%''lies ca'able o" &eetin# do&estic de&and. .C/ T!e oil &arket in an o'en8&arket co%ntr, is act%all, 'art o" t!e international oil &arket9 even i" &ost o" t!at co%ntr,s do&estic oil is %s%all, sold to cons%&ers it!in its borders. .3/ 7'en8&arket co%ntries t!at e('ort little or none o" t!eir oil can &aintain stable do&estic oil 'rices even !en international oil 'rices rise s!ar'l,. .E/ I" international oil 'rices rise9 do&estic distrib%tors o" oil in o'en8&arket co%ntries ill be#in to i&'ort &ore oil t!an t!e, e('ort. 1I. T!e avera#e nor&al in"ant born in t!e =nited States ei#!s bet een t elve and "o%rteen 'o%nds at t!e a#e o" t!ree &ont!s. T!ere"ore9 i" a t!ree8&ont!8old c!ild ei#!s onl, ten 'o%nds9 its ei#!t #ain !as been belo t!e =nited States avera#e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# indicates a "la in t!e reasonin# above.A/ 6ei#!t is onl, one &eas%re o" nor&al in"ant develo'&ent. .1/ So&e t!ree8&ont!8old c!ildren ei#! as &%c! as seventeen 'o%nds. .C/ It is 'ossible "or a nor&al c!ild to ei#! ten 'o%nds at birt!. .3/ T!e '!rase >belo avera#e? does not necessaril, &ean ins%""icient. .E/ Avera#e ei#!t #ain is not t!e sa&e as avera#e ei#!t. 11. Red blood cells in !ic! t!e &alarial8"ever 'arasite resides are eli&inated "ro& a 'ersons bod, a"ter 15I da,s. 1eca%se t!e 'arasite cannot travel to a ne #eneration o" red blood cells9 an, "ever t!at develo's in a 'erson &ore t!an 15I da,s a"ter t!at 'erson !as &oved to a &alaria8"ree re#ion is not d%e to t!e &alarial 'arasite. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e "ever ca%sed b, t!e &alarial 'arasite &a, rese&ble t!e "ever ca%sed b, "l% vir%ses. .1/ T!e ano'!eles &os0%ito9 !ic! is t!e 'rinci'al insect carrier o" t!e &alarial 'arasite9 !as been eradicated in &an, 'arts o" t!e orld. .C/ Man, &alarial s,&'to&s ot!er t!an t!e "ever9 !ic! can be s%''ressed it! anti&alarial &edication9 can rea''ear it!in 15I da,s a"ter t!e &edication is discontin%ed. .3/ In so&e cases9 t!e 'arasite t!at ca%ses &alarial "ever travels to cells o" t!e s'leen9 !ic! are less "re0%entl, eli&inated "ro& a 'ersons bod, t!an are red blood cells. .E/ In an, re#ion in"ested it! &alaria8carr,in# &os0%itoes9 t!ere are http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

HC

individ%als !o a''ear to be i&&%ne to &alaria. 15. $act 1: Television advertisin# is beco&in# less e""ective: t!e 'ro'ortion o" brand na&es 'ro&oted on television t!at vie ers o" t!e advertisin# can recall is slo l, decreasin#. $act 5: Television vie ers recall co&&ercials aired "irst or last in a cl%ster o" consec%tive co&&ercials "ar better t!an t!e, recall co&&ercials aired so&e !ere in t!e &iddle. $act 5 o%ld be &ost likel, to contrib%te to an e('lanation o" "act 1 i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ere also tr%e.A/ T!e avera#e television vie er c%rrentl, recalls "e er t!an !al" t!e brand na&es 'ro&oted in co&&ercials !e or s!e sa . .1/ T!e total ti&e allotted to t!e avera#e cl%ster o" consec%tive television co&&ercials is decreasin#. .C/ T!e avera#e n%&ber o" !o%rs 'er da, t!at 'eo'le s'end atc!in# television is decreasin#. .3/ T!e avera#e n%&ber o" cl%sters o" consec%tive co&&ercials 'er !o%r o" television is increasin#. .E/ T!e avera#e n%&ber o" television co&&ercials in a cl%ster o" consec%tive co&&ercials is increasin#. 1<. T!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le dia#nosed as !avin# a certain intestinal disease !as dro''ed si#ni"icantl, in a r%ral co%nt, t!is ,ear9 as co&'ared to last ,ear9 :ealt! o""icials attrib%te t!is decrease entirel, to i&'roved sanitar, conditions at ater8 treat&ent 'lants9 !ic! &ade "or cleaner ater t!is ,ear and t!%s red%ced t!e incidence o" t!e disease. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e !ealt! o""icials e('lanation "or t!e lo er incidence o" t!e disease.A/ Man, ne ater8treat&ent 'lants !ave been b%ilt in t!e last "ive ,ears in t!e r%ral co%nt,. .1/ 1ottled s'rin# ater !as not been cons%&ed in si#ni"icantl, di""erent 0%antities b, 'eo'le dia#nosed as !avin# t!e intestinal disease9 as co&'ared to 'eo'le !o did not contract t!e disease. .C/ 1eca%se o" a ne dia#nostic tec!ni0%e9 &an, 'eo'le !o %ntil t!is ,ear o%ld !ave been dia#nosed as !avin# t!e intestinal disease are no correctl, dia#nosed as s%""erin# "ro& intestinal %lcers. .3/ 1eca%se o" &edical advances t!is ,ear9 "ar "e er 'eo'le !o contract t!e intestinal disease ill develo' severe cases o" t!e disease. .E/ T!e ater in t!e r%ral co%nt, as bro%#!t %' to t!e sanitar, standards o" t!e ater in nei#!borin# co%nties ten ,ears a#o. 1C. T!e 'rice t!e #overn&ent 'a,s "or standard ea'ons '%rc!ased "ro& &ilitar,

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

H@

contractors is deter&ined b, a 'ricin# &et!od called >!istorical costin#.? :istorical costin# allo s contractors to 'rotect t!eir 'ro"its b, addin# a 'ercenta#e increase9 based on t!e c%rrent rate o" in"lation9 to t!e 'revio%s ,ears contract%al 'rice. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 is t!e best basis "or a criticis& o" !istorical costin# as an econo&icall, so%nd 'ricin# &et!od "or &ilitar, contracts.A/ T!e #overn&ent &i#!t contin%e to 'a, "or 'ast ine""icient %se o" "%nds. .1/ T!e rate o" in"lation !as varied considerabl, over t!e 'ast t ent, ,ears. .C/ T!e contract%al 'rice ill be #reatl, a""ected b, t!e cost o" &aterials %sed "or t!e 'rod%cts. .3/ Man, ta('a,ers 0%estion t!e a&o%nt o" &one, t!e #overn&ent s'ends on &ilitar, contracts. .E/ T!e 'ricin# &et!od based on !istorical costin# &i#!t not enco%ra#e t!e develo'&ent o" innovative ea'ons. 1@. So&e !o "avor '%ttin# #overn&ental enter'rises into 'rivate !ands s%##est t!at conservation ob+ectives o%ld in #eneral be better served i" 'rivate environ&ental #ro%'s ere '%t in c!ar#e o" o'eratin# and "inancin# t!e national 'ark s,ste&9 !ic! is no r%n b, t!e #overn&ent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 ass%&in# t!at it is a realistic 'ossibilit,9 ar#%es &ost stron#l, a#ainst t!e s%##estion above.A/ T!ose seekin# to abolis! all restrictions on e('loitin# t!e nat%ral reso%rces o" t!e 'arks &i#!t +oin t!e 'rivate environ&ental #ro%'s as &e&bers and event%all, take over t!eir leaders!i'. .1/ Frivate environ&ental #ro%'s &i#!t not al a,s a#ree on t!e best a,s to ac!ieve conservation ob+ectives. .C/ I" t!e, is!ed to e(tend t!e 'ark s,ste&9 t!e 'rivate environ&ental #ro%'s &i#!t !ave to seek contrib%tions "ro& &a+or donors and t!e #eneral '%blic. .3/ T!ere &i#!t be co&'etition a&on# 'rivate environ&ental #ro%'s "or control o" certain 'ark areas. .E/ So&e endan#ered s'ecies9 s%c! as t!e Cali"ornia condor9 &i#!t die o%t des'ite t!e best e""orts o" t!e 'rivate environ&ental #ro%'s9 even i" t!ose #ro%'s are not !a&'ered b, ins%""icient reso%rces. 1G. A recent s'ate o" la%nc!in# and o'eratin# &is!a's it! television satellites led to a corres'ondin# s%r#e in clai&s a#ainst co&'anies %nder ritin# satellite ins%rance. As a res%lt9 ins%rance 're&i%&s s!ot %'9 &akin# satellites &ore e('ensive to la%nc! and o'erate. T!is9 in t%rn9 !as added to t!e 'ress%re to s0%ee)e &ore 'er"or&ance o%t o" c%rrentl, o'eratin# satellites. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 taken to#et!er it! t!e in"or&ation above9 best s%''orts t!e concl%sion t!at t!e cost o" television satellites ill contin%e to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

HG

increase.A/ Since t!e risk to ins%rers o" satellites is s'read over relativel, "e %nits9 ins%rance 're&i%&s are necessaril, ver, !i#!. .1/ 6!en satellites reac! orbit and t!en "ail9 t!e ca%ses o" "ail%re are #enerall, i&'ossible to 'in'oint it! con"idence. .C/ T!e #reater t!e 'er"or&ance de&ands 'laced on satellites9 t!e &ore "re0%entl, t!ose satellites break do n. .3/ Most satellites are 'rod%ced in s%c! s&all n%&bers t!at no econo&ies o" scale can be reali)ed. .E/ Since &an, satellites are b%ilt b, %n ield, international consortia9 ine""iciencies are inevitable. 1A. Toc0%eville9 a nineteent!8cent%r, riter kno n "or !is st%d, o" de&ocrac, in t!e =nited States9 believed t!at a #overn&ent t!at centrali)es 'o er in one individ%al or instit%tion is dan#ero%s to its citi)ens. 1io#ra'!ers clai& t!at Toc0%eville disliked centrali)ed #overn&ent beca%se !e bla&ed 2a'oleons r%le "or t!e 'overt, o" !is c!ild!ood in 2or&and,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e bio#ra'!ers clai&.A/ Alt!o%#! 2a'oleon as 'o'%larl, bla&ed at t!e ti&e "or t!e terrible livin# conditions in 2or&and,9 !istorians no kno t!at bad !arvests ere reall, to bla&e "or t!e 'oor econo&ic conditions. .1/ 2a'oleon as notorio%s "or re"%sin# to s!are 'o er it! an, o" !is 'olitical associates. .C/ Toc0%eville said !e kne t!at i" !is "at!er !ad not s%""ered ill !ealt!9 !is "a&il, o%ld !ave !ad a stead, inco&e and a co&"ortable standard o" livin#. .3/ Alt!o%#! Toc0%eville asserted t!at =nited States 'olitical li"e as de&ocratic9 t!e =nited States o" t!e nineteent! cent%r, allo ed 'olitical 'o er to be concentrated in a "e instit%tions. .E/ Toc0%eville once rote in a letter t!at9 alt!o%#! !is c!ild!ood as terribl, i&'overis!ed9 it as not di""erent "ro& t!e e('erience o" !is "riends and nei#!bors in 2or&and,. 1B. Radio inter"ero&etr, is a tec!ni0%e "or st%d,in# details o" celestial ob+ects t!at co&bines si#nals interce'ted b, idel, s'aced radio telesco'es. T!is tec!ni0%e re0%ires %ltra'recise ti&in#9 e(act kno led#e o" t!e locations o" t!e telesco'es9 and so'!isticated co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s. T!e s%ccess"%l inter"ero&etric linkin# o" an Eart!8based radio telesco'e it! a radio telesco'e on an orbitin# satellite as t!ere"ore a si#ni"icant tec!nolo#ical acco&'lis!&ent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be correctl, in"erred "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ S'ecial care as taken in t!e la%nc!in# o" t!e satellite so t!at t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

HA

calc%lations o" its orbit o%ld be "acilitated. .1/ T!e si#nals received on t!e satellite are stron#er t!an t!ose received b, a terrestrial telesco'e. .C/ T!e resol%tion o" detail ac!ieved b, t!e satellite8Eart! inter"ero&eter s,ste& is in"erior to t!at ac!ieved b, e(cl%sivel, terrestrial s,ste&s. .3/ T!e co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s re0%ired "or &akin# %se o" t!e si#nals received b, t!e satellite re0%ired a lon# ti&e "or develo'&ent. .E/ T!e location o" an orbitin# satellite relative to locations on Eart! can be ell eno%#! kno n "or inter"ero&etric '%r'oses. 1H. Recent esti&ates 'redict t!at bet een 1HB5 and 1HH@ t!e #reatest increase in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le e&'lo,ed ill be in t!e cate#or, o" lo 8'a,in# service occ%'ations. T!is cate#or,9 !o ever9 ill not increase its s!are o" total e&'lo,&ent9 !ereas t!e cate#or, o" !i#!8'a,in# service occ%'ations ill increase its s!are. I" t!e esti&ates above are acc%rate9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be dra n.A/ In 1HB5 &ore 'eo'le ere orkin# in lo 8'a,in# service occ%'ations t!an ere orkin# in !i#!8'a,in# service occ%'ations. .1/ In 1HH@ &ore 'eo'le ill be orkin# in !i#!8'a,in# service occ%'ations t!an ill be orkin# in lo 8'a,in# service occ%'ations. .C/ 2onservice occ%'ations ill acco%nt "or t!e sa&e s!are o" total e&'lo,&ent in 1HH@ as in 1HB5. .3/ Man, o" t!e 'eo'le !o ere orkin# in lo 8'a,in# service occ%'ations in 1HB5 ill be orkin# in !i#!8'a,in# service occ%'ations b, 1HH@. .E/ T!e rate o" #ro t! "or lo 8'a,in# service occ%'ations ill be #reater t!an t!e overall rate o" e&'lo,&ent #ro t! bet een 1HB5 and 1HH@. 5I. $or a local #overn&ent to o%tla all strikes b, its orkers is a costl, &istake9 beca%se all its labor dis'%tes &%st t!en be settled b, bindin# arbitration9 it!o%t an, ne#otiated '%blic8sector labor settle&ents #%idin# t!e arbitrators. Strikes s!o%ld be o%tla ed onl, "or cate#ories o" '%blic8sector orkers "or !ose services no acce'table s%bstit%te e(ists. T!e state&ents above best s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ 6!ere '%blic8service orkers are 'er&itted to strike9 contract ne#otiations it! t!ose orkers are t,'icall, settled it!o%t a strike. .1/ 6!ere strikes b, all cate#ories o" '%bic8sector orkers are o%tla ed9 no acce'table s%bstit%tes "or t!e services 'rovided b, an, o" t!ose orkers are available. .C/ 1indin# arbitration tends to be &ore advanta#eo%s "or '%blic8service orkers !ere it is t!e onl, available &eans o" settlin# labor dis'%tes it! s%c! orkers. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

HB

.3/ Most cate#ories o" '%blic8sector orkers !ave no co%nter'arts in t!e 'rivate sector. .E/ A strike b, orkers in a local #overn&ent is %nlikel, to be settled it!o%t !el' "ro& an arbitrator. TEST G 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. R%ral !o%se!olds !ave &ore '%rc!asin# 'o er t!an do %rban or s%b%rban !o%se!olds at t!e sa&e inco&e level9 since so&e o" t!e inco&e %rban and s%b%rban !o%se!olds %se "or "ood and s!elter can be %sed b, r%ral !o%se!olds "or ot!er needs. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# in"erences is best s%''orted b, t!e state&ent &ade above.A/ T!e avera#e r%ral !o%se!old incl%des &ore 'eo'le t!an does t!e avera#e %rban or s%b%rban !o%se!old. .1/ R%ral !o%se!olds !ave lo er "ood and !o%sin# costs t!an do eit!er %rban or s%b%rban !o%se!olds. .C/ S%b%rban !o%se!olds #enerall, !ave &ore '%rc!asin# 'o er t!an do eit!er r%ral or %rban !o%se!olds. .3/ T!e &edian inco&e o" %rban and s%b%rban !o%se!olds is #enerall, !i#!er t!an t!at o" r%ral !o%se!olds. .E/ All t!ree t,'es o" !o%se!olds s'end &ore o" t!eir inco&e on "ood and !o%sin# t!an on all ot!er '%rc!ases co&bined. 5. In 1HB@ state border colle#es in Te(as lost t!e enroll&ent o" &ore t!an !al"9 on avera#e9 o" t!e Me(ican nationals t!e, !ad 'revio%sl, served eac! ,ear. Teac!in# "ac%lties !ave alle#ed t!at t!is e(tre&e dro' res%lted "ro& a rise in t%ition "or international and o%t8o"8state st%dents "ro& LCI to L15I 'er credit !o%r. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" "easible9 o""ers t!e best 'ros'ects "or alleviatin# t!e 'roble& o" t!e dro' in enroll&ent o" Me(ican nationals as t!e teac!in# "ac%lties assessed it.A/ Frovidin# #rants8in8aid to Me(ican nationals to st%d, in Me(ican %niversities .1/ Allo in# Me(ican nationals to st%d, in Te(as border colle#es and to 'a, in8 state t%ition rates9 !ic! are t!e sa&e as t!e 'revio%s international rate .C/ Ree&'!asi)in# t!e #oals and &ission o" t!e Te(as state border colle#es as servin# bot! in8state st%dents and Me(ican nationals .3/ Increasin# t!e "inancial reso%rces o" Te(as colle#es b, raisin# t!e t%ition "or in8state st%dents attendin# state instit%tions .E/ 7""erin# career co%nselin# "or t!ose Me(ican nationals !o #rad%ate "ro& state border colle#es and intend to ret%rn to Me(ico

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

HH

<.

A""ir&ative action is #ood b%siness. So asserted t!e 2ational Association o" Man%"act%rers !ile %r#in# retention o" an e(ec%tive order re0%irin# so&e "ederal contractors to set n%&erical #oals "or !irin# &inorities and o&en. >3iversit, in ork "orce 'artici'ation !as 'rod%ced ne ideas in &ana#e&ent9 'rod%ct develo'&ent9 and &arketin#9? t!e association clai&ed. T!e associations ar#%&ent as it is 'resented in t!e 'assa#e above o%ld be &ost stren#t!ened i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ere tr%e.A/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" &inorit, and o&en orkers in b%siness !as increased &ore slo l, t!an &an, &inorit, and o&ens #ro%'s o%ld 're"er. .1/ T!ose b%sinesses it! t!e !i#!est 'ercenta#es o" &inorit, and o&en orkers are t!ose t!at !ave been t!e &ost innovative and 'ro"itable. .C/ 3is'osable inco&e !as been risin# as "ast a&on# &inorities and o&en as a&on# t!e 'o'%lation as a !ole. .3/ T!e bi##est #ro t! in sales in t!e &an%"act%rin# sector !as co&e in ind%stries t!at &arket t!e &ost innovative 'rod%cts. .E/ Recent i&'rove&ents in &ana#e&ent 'ractices !ave allo ed &an, &an%"act%rers to e('erience enor&o%s #ains in orker 'rod%ctivit,.

Questions 4-5 refer to the following. I" t!e airs'ace aro%nd centrall, located air'orts ere restricted to co&&ercial airliners and onl, t!ose 'rivate 'lanes e0%i''ed it! radar9 &ost o" t!e 'rivate8'lane tra""ic o%ld be "orced to %se o%tl,in# air"ields. S%c! a red%ction in t!e a&o%nt o" 'rivate8 'lane tra""ic o%ld red%ce t!e risk o" &idair collision aro%nd t!e centrall, located air'orts. C. T!e concl%sion dra n in t!e "irst sentence de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 7%tl,in# air"ields o%ld be as convenient as centrall, located air'orts "or &ost 'ilots o" 'rivate 'lanes. .1/ Most o%tl,in# air"ields are not e0%i''ed to !andle co&&ercial8airline tra""ic. .C/ Most 'rivate 'lanes t!at %se centrall, located air'orts are not e0%i''ed it! radar. .3/ Co&&ercial airliners are at #reater risk o" beco&in# involved in &idair collisions t!an are 'rivate 'lanes. .E/ A red%ction in t!e risk o" &idair collision o%ld event%all, lead to increases in co&&ercial8airline tra""ic. @. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion dra n in t!e second sentence.A/ Co&&ercial airliners are alread, re0%ired b, la to be e0%i''ed it! e(tre&el, so'!isticated radar s,ste&s. .1/ Centrall, located air'orts are e('eriencin# over8cro ded airs'ace 'ri&aril, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1II

beca%se o" s!ar' increases in co&&ercial8airline tra""ic. .C/ Man, 'ilots o" 'rivate 'lanes o%ld rat!er b%, radar e0%i'&ent t!an be e(cl%ded "ro& centrall, located air'orts. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" &idair collisions t!at occ%r near centrall, located air'orts !as decreased in recent ,ears. .E/ Frivate 'lanes not e0%i''ed it! radar s,ste&s ca%se a dis'ro'ortionatel, lar#e n%&ber o" &idair collisions aro%nd centrall, located air'orts. G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo Establis!ed co&'anies concentrate on de"endin# !at t!e, alread, !ave. Conse0%entl,9 t!e, tend not to be innovative t!e&selves and tend to %nderesti&ate t!e e""ects o" t!e innovations o" ot!ers. T!e clearest e(a&'le o" t!is de"ensive strate#, is t!e "act t!at;;;;;; .A/ ball'oint 'ens and so"t8ti' &arkers !ave eli&inated t!e traditional &arket "or "o%ntain 'ens9 clearin# t!e a, "or t!e &arketin# o" "o%ntain 'ens as l%(%r, or 'resti#e ite&s .1/ a !i#!l, s%ccess"%l a%to&obile as introd%ced b, t!e sa&e co&'an, t!at !ad earlier introd%ced a &odel t!at !ad been a dis&al "ail%re .C/ a once8s%ccess"%l &an%"act%rer o" slide r%les reacted to t!e introd%ction o" electronic calc%lators b, tr,in# to &ake better slide r%les .3/ one o" t!e "irst &odels o" &odern acco%ntin# &ac!ines9 desi#ned "or %se in t!e bankin# ind%str,9 as '%rc!ased b, a '%blic librar, as ell as b, banks .E/ t!e inventor o" a co&&onl, %sed anest!etic did not intend t!e 'rod%ct to be %sed b, dentists9 !o c%rrentl, acco%nt "or al&ost t!e entire &arket "or t!at dr%# A. Most arc!aeolo#ists !ave !eld t!at 'eo'le "irst reac!ed t!e A&ericas less t!an 5I9III ,ears a#o b, crossin# a land brid#e into 2ort! A&erica. 1%t recent discoveries o" !%&an s!elters in So%t! A&erica datin# "ro& <59III ,ears a#o !ave led researc!ers to s'ec%late t!at 'eo'le arrived in So%t! A&erica "irst9 a"ter vo,a#in# across t!e Faci"ic9 and t!en s'read nort! ard. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it ere discovered9 o%ld be 'ertinent evidence a#ainst t!e s'ec%lation above.A/ A rock s!elter near Fittsb%r#!9 Fenns,lvania9 contains evidence o" %se b, !%&an bein#s 1H9III ,ears a#o. .1/ So&e 2ort! A&erican sites o" !%&an !abitation 'redate an, sites "o%nd in So%t! A&erica. .C/ T!e cli&ate is ar&er at t!e <59III8,ear8old so%t! A&erican site t!an at t!e oldest kno n 2ort! A&erican site. .3/ T!e site in So%t! A&erica t!at as occ%'ied <59III ,ears a#o as contin%o%sl, occ%'ied %ntil G9III ,ears a#o. .E/ T!e last Ice A#e9 bet een 119@II and 5I9III ,ears a#o9 considerabl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1I1

lo ered orld ide sea levels. B. In Asia9 !ere 'al& trees are non8native9 t!e trees "lo ers !ave traditionall, been 'ollinated b, !and9 !ic! !as ke't 'al& "r%it 'rod%ctivit, %nnat%rall, lo . 6!en eevils kno n to be e""icient 'ollinators o" 'al& "lo ers ere introd%ced into Asia in 1HBI9 'al& "r%it 'rod%ctivit, increasedKb, %' to "i"t, 'ercent in so&e areasKb%t t!en decreased s!ar'l, in 1HBC. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best e('lain t!e 1HBC decrease in 'rod%ctivit,.A/ Frices "or 'al& "r%it "ell bet een 1HBI and 1HBC "ollo in# t!e rise in 'rod%ction and a conc%rrent "all in de&and. .1/ I&'orted trees are o"ten &ore 'rod%ctive t!an native trees beca%se t!e i&'orted ones !ave le"t be!ind t!eir 'ests and diseases in t!eir native lands. .C/ Ra'id increases in 'rod%ctivit, tend to de'lete trees o" n%trients needed "or t!e develo'&ent o" t!e "r%it8'rod%cin# "e&ale "lo ers. .3/ T!e eevil 'o'%lation in Asia re&ained at a''ro(i&atel, t!e sa&e level bet een 1HBI and 1HBC. .E/ Frior to 1HBI anot!er s'ecies o" insect 'ollinated t!e Asian 'al& trees9 b%t not as e""icientl, as t!e s'ecies o" eevil t!at as introd%ced in 1HBI. H. Since t!e &a,ors '%blicit, ca&'ai#n "or Greenvilles b%s service be#an si( &ont!s a#o9 &ornin# a%to&obile tra""ic into t!e &idto n area o" t!e cit, !as decreased seven 'ercent. 3%rin# t!e sa&e 'eriod9 t!ere !as been an e0%ivalent rise in t!e n%&ber o" 'ersons ridin# b%ses into t!e &idto n area. 7bvio%sl,9 t!e &a,ors '%blicit, ca&'ai#n !as convinced &an, 'eo'le to leave t!eir cars at !o&e and ride t!e b%s to ork. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ $ares "or all b%s ro%tes in Greenville !ave risen an avera#e o" "ive 'ercent d%rin# t!e 'ast si( &ont!s. .1/ T!e &a,or o" Greenville rides t!e b%s to Cit, :all in t!e cit,s &idto n area. .C/ Road reconstr%ction !as #reatl, red%ced t!e n%&ber o" lanes available to co&&%ters in &a+or streets leadin# to t!e &idto n area d%rin# t!e 'ast si( &ont!s. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" b%ses enterin# t!e &idto n area o" Greenville d%rin# t!e &ornin# !o%rs is e(actl, t!e sa&e no as it as one ,ear a#o. .E/ S%rve,s s!o t!at lon#ti&e b%s riders are no &ore satis"ied it! t!e Greenville b%s service t!an t!e, ere be"ore t!e &a,ors '%blicit, ca&'ai#n be#an. 1I. In t!e a"ter&at! o" a orld ide stock8&arket cras!9 Co%ntr, T clai&ed t!at t!e severit, o" t!e stock8&arket cras! it e('erienced res%lted "ro& t!e accelerated http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1I5

'rocess o" denationali)ation &an, o" its ind%stries %nder ent s!ortl, be"ore t!e cras!. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it co%ld be carried o%t9 o%ld be &ost %se"%l in an eval%ation o" Co%ntr, Ts assess&ent o" t!e ca%ses o" t!e severit, o" its stock8 &arket cras!.A/ Calc%latin# t!e avera#e loss e('erienced b, individ%al traders in Co%ntr, T d%rin# t!e cras! .1/ =sin# econo&ic t!eor, to 'redict t!e &ost likel, date o" t!e ne(t cras! in Co%ntr, T .C/ Co&'arin# t!e total n%&ber o" s!ares sold d%rin# t!e orst da,s o" t!e cras! in Co%ntr, T to t!e total n%&ber o" s!ares sold in Co%ntr, T +%st 'rior to t!e cras! .3/ Co&'arin# t!e severit, o" t!e cras! in Co%ntr, T to t!e severit, o" t!e cras! in co%ntries ot!er ise econo&icall, si&ilar to Co%ntr, T t!at !ave not e('erienced recent denationali)ation .E/ Co&'arin# t!e lon#8ter& e""ects o" t!e cras! on t!e '%rc!asin# 'o er o" t!e c%rrenc, o" Co%ntr, T to t!e i&&ediate9 &ore severe s!ort8ter& e""ects o" t!e cras! on t!e '%rc!asin# 'o er o" t!e c%rrenc, o" Co%ntr, T 11. 6it! t!e e&er#ence o" biotec!nolo#, co&'anies9 it as "eared t!at t!e, o%ld i&'ose silence abo%t 'ro'rietar, res%lts on t!eir in8!o%se researc!ers and t!eir acade&ic cons%ltants. T!is constraint9 in t%rn9 o%ld slo t!e develo'&ent o" biolo#ical science and en#ineerin#. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld tend to eaken &ost serio%sl, t!e 'rediction o" scienti"ic secrec, described above.A/ 1iotec!nolo#ical researc! "%nded b, ind%str, !as reac!ed so&e concl%sions t!at are o" &a+or scienti"ic i&'ortance. .1/ 6!en t!e res%lts o" scienti"ic researc! are ke't secret9 inde'endent researc!ers are %nable to b%ild on t!ose res%lts. .C/ Since t!e researc! 'riorities o" biotec!nolo#, co&'anies are not t!e sa&e as t!ose o" acade&ic instit%tions9 t!e "inancial s%''ort o" researc! b, s%c! co&'anies distorts t!e researc! a#enda. .3/ To en!ance t!e co&'anies standin# in t!e scienti"ic co&&%nit,9 t!e biotec!nolo#, co&'anies enco%ra#e e&'lo,ees to '%blis! t!eir res%lts9 es'eciall, res%lts t!at are i&'ortant. .E/ 1iotec!nolo#, co&'anies devote so&e o" t!eir researc! reso%rces to 'roble&s t!at are o" "%nda&ental scienti"ic i&'ortance and t!at are not e('ected to 'rod%ce i&&ediate 'ractical a''lications. 15. So&e 'eo'le !ave 0%estioned t!e +%d#es ob+ectivit, in cases o" se( discri&ination a#ainst o&en. 1%t t!e record s!o s t!at in si(t, 'ercent o" s%c! cases9 t!e +%d#e !as decided in "avor o" t!e o&en. T!is record de&onstrates t!at http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1I<

t!e +%d#e !as not discri&inated a#ainst o&en in cases o" se( discri&ination a#ainst o&en. T!e ar#%&ent above is "la ed in t!at it i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at .A/ a lar#e n%&ber o" t!e +%d#es cases arose o%t o" alle#ations o" se( discri&ination a#ainst o&en .1/ &an, +%d#es "ind it di""ic%lt to be ob+ective in cases o" se( discri&ination a#ainst o&en .C/ t!e +%d#e is biased a#ainst o&en de"endants or 'lainti""s in cases t!at do not involve se( discri&ination .3/ t!e &a+orit, o" t!e cases o" se( discri&ination a#ainst o&en t!at !ave reac!ed t!e +%d#es co%rt !ave been a''ealed "ro& a lo er co%rt .E/ t!e evidence s!o s t!at t!e o&en s!o%ld !ave on in &ore t!an si(t, 'ercent o" t!e +%d#es cases involvin# se( discri&ination a#ainst o&en 1<. T!e tobacco ind%str, is still 'ro"itable and 'ro+ections are t!at it ill re&ain so. In t!e =nited States t!is ,ear9 t!e total a&o%nt o" tobacco sold b, tobacco8 "ar&ers !as increased9 even t!o%#! t!e n%&ber o" ad%lts !o s&oke !as decreased. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 co%ld e('lain t!e si&%ltaneo%s increase in tobacco sales and decrease in t!e n%&ber o" ad%lts !o s&oke EECEFT: .A/ 3%rin# t!is ,ear9 t!e n%&ber o" o&en !o !ave be#%n to s&oke is #reater t!an t!e n%&ber o" &en !o !ave 0%it s&okin#. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" teen8a#e c!ildren !o !ave be#%n to s&oke t!is ,ear is #reater t!an t!e n%&ber o" ad%lts !o !ave 0%it s&okin# d%rin# t!e sa&e 'eriod. .C/ 3%rin# t!is ,ear9 t!e n%&ber o" nons&okers !o !ave be#%n to %se c!e in# tobacco or sn%"" is #reater t!an t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o !ave 0%it s&okin#. .3/ T!e 'eo'le !o !ave contin%ed to s&oke cons%&e &ore tobacco 'er 'erson t!an t!e, did in t!e 'ast. .E/ More o" t!e ci#arettes &ade in t!e =nited States t!is ,ear ere e('orted to ot!er co%ntries t!an as t!e case last ,ear. 1C. Male !as &ore n%tritional val%e t!an s'inac!. 1%t since collard #reens !ave &ore n%tritional val%e t!an lett%ce9 it "ollo s t!at kale !as &ore n%tritional val%e t!an lett%ce. An, o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" introd%ced into t!e ar#%&ent as an additional 're&ise9 &akes t!e ar#%&ent above lo#icall, correct EECEFT: .A/ Collard #reens !ave &ore n%tritional val%e t!an kale. .1/ S'inac! !as &ore n%tritional val%e t!an lett%ce. .C/ S'inac! !as &ore n%tritional val%e t!an collard #reens. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1IC

.3/ S'inac! and collard #reens !ave t!e sa&e n%tritional val%e. .E/ Male and collard #reens !ave t!e sa&e n%tritional val%e. 1@. 7n t!e basis o" a decrease in t!e colle#e8a#e 'o'%lation9 &an, colle#es no antici'ate increasin#l, s&aller "res!&an classes eac! ,ear. S%r'rised b, a CI 'ercent increase in 0%ali"ied a''licants over t!e 'revio%s ,ear9 !o ever9 ad&inistrators at 2ice Colle#e no 'lan to !ire &ore "ac%lt, "or co%rses taken b, all "res!&en. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents abo%t 2ice Colle#es c%rrent 0%ali"ied a''licants9 i" tr%e9 o%ld stron#l, s%##est t!at t!e ad&inistrators 'lan is "la ed.A/ A s%bstantiall, !i#!er 'ercenta#e t!an %s%al 'lan to st%d, "or advanced de#rees a"ter #rad%ation "ro& colle#e. .1/ Accordin# to t!eir a''lications9 t!eir level o" 'artici'ation in e(trac%rric%lar activities and varsit, s'orts is %n%s%all, !i#!. .C/ Accordin# to t!eir a''lications9 none o" t!e& lives in a "orei#n co%ntr,. .3/ A s%bstantiall, lo er 'ercenta#e t!an %s%al rate 2ice Colle#e as t!eir "irst c!oice a&on# t!e colle#es to !ic! t!e, are a''l,in#. .E/ A s%bstantiall, lo er 'ercenta#e t!an %s%al list &at!e&atics as t!eir intended &a+or. Questions 1&-1' are based on the following. A researc!er discovered t!at 'eo'le !o !ave lo levels o" i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, tend to score &%c! lo er on tests o" &ental !ealt! t!an do 'eo'le it! nor&al or !i#! i&&%ne8s,ste& activit,. T!e researc!er concl%ded "ro& t!is e('eri&ent t!at t!e i&&%ne s,ste& 'rotects a#ainst &ental illness as ell as a#ainst '!,sical disease. 1G. T!e researc!ers concl%sion de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ :i#! i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, 'rotects a#ainst &ental illness better t!an nor&al i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, does. .1/ Mental illness is si&ilar to '!,sical disease in its e""ects on bod, s,ste&. .C/ Feo'le it! !i#! i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, cannot develo' &ental illness. .3/ Mental illness does not ca%se 'eo'les i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, to decrease. .E/ Fs,c!olo#ical treat&ent o" &ental illness is not as e""ective as is &edical treat&ent. 1A. T!e researc!ers concl%sion o%ld be &ost serio%sl, eakened i" it ere tr%e t!at .A/ t!ere as a one8,ear dela, bet een t!e co&'letion o" a 'ilot st%d, "or t!e e('eri&ent and t!e initiation o" t!e e('eri&ent itsel" .1/ 'eo'les levels o" i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, are not a""ected b, t!eir %se o" &edications .C/ a "e 'eo'le it! !i#! i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, !ad scores on t!e test o" &ental !ealt! t!at ere si&ilar to t!e scores o" 'eo'le !o !ad nor&al http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1I@

i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, .3/ 'eo'le !o !ave lo i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, tend to contract &ore viral in"ections t!an do 'eo'le it! nor&al or !i#! i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, .E/ !i#! levels o" stress "irst ca%se &ental illness and t!en ca%se decreased i&&%ne8s,ste& activit, in nor&al individ%als 1B. T!e val%e o" a 'rod%ct is deter&ined b, t!e ratio o" its 0%alit, to its 'rice. T!e !i#!er t!e val%e o" a 'rod%ct9 t!e better ill be its co&'etitive 'osition. T!ere"ore9 eit!er increasin# t!e 0%alit, or lo erin# t!e 'rice o" a #iven 'rod%ct ill increase t!e likeli!ood t!at cons%&er ill select t!at 'rod%ct rat!er t!an a co&'etin# one. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ It is 'ossible to increase bot! t!e 0%alit, and t!e 'rice o" a 'rod%ct it!o%t c!an#in# its co&'etitive 'osition. .1/ $or certain se#&ents o" t!e 'o'%lation o" cons%&ers9 !i#!er8'riced brands o" so&e 'rod%ct lines are 're"erred to t!e lo er8'riced brands. .C/ Co&'etin# 'rod%cts o"ten tr, to a''eal to di""erent se#&ents o" t!e 'o'%lation o" cons%&ers. .3/ T!e co&'etitive 'osition o" a 'rod%ct can be a""ected b, s%c! "actors as advertisin# and brand lo,alt,. .E/ Cons%&ers 'erce'tions o" t!e 0%alit, o" a 'rod%ct are based on t!e act%al 0%alit, o" t!e 'rod%ct. 1H. In Jan%ar, t!ere as a lar#e dro' in t!e n%&ber o" ne !o%ses sold9 beca%se interest rates "or &ort#a#es ere "allin# and &an, cons%&ers ere aitin# to see !o lo t!e rates o%ld #o. T!is lar#e sales dro' as acco&'anied b, a s!ar' rise in t!e avera#e 'rice o" ne !o%ses sold. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains t!e s!ar' rise in t!e avera#e 'rice o" ne !o%ses.A/ Sales o" !i#!er8'riced !o%ses ere %na""ected b, t!e sales dro' beca%se t!eir '%rc!asers !ave "e er constraints li&itin# t!e total a&o%nt t!e, 'a,. .1/ Labor a#ree&ents o" b%ilders it! constr%ction %nions are not d%e to e('ire %ntil t!e ne(t Jan%ar,. .C/ T!e 'rices o" ne !o%ses !ave been risin# slo l, over t!e 'ast t!ree ,ears beca%se t!ere is an increasin# s!orta#e o" !o%sin#. .3/ T!ere as a #reater a&o%nt o" &oderate8'riced !o%sin# available "or resale b, o ners d%rin# Jan%ar, t!an in t!e 'recedin# t!ree &ont!s. .E/ Interest rates "or !o&e &ort#a#es are e('ected to rise s!ar'l, later in t!e ,ear i" 'redictions o" increased b%siness activit, in #eneral 'rove to be acc%rate.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1IG

5I. Seven co%ntries si#ned a treat, bindin# eac! o" t!e& to 'er"or& s'eci"ied actions on a certain "i(ed date9 it! t!e actions o" eac! conditional on si&%ltaneo%s action taken b, t!e ot!er co%ntries. Eac! co%ntr, as also to noti", t!e si( ot!er co%ntries !en it !ad co&'leted its action. T!e si&%ltaneo%s8action 'rovision o" t!e treat, leaves o'en t!e 'ossibilit, t!at .A/ t!e co&'liance date as s%b+ect to 'ost'one&ent9 accordin# to t!e ter&s o" t!e treat, .1/ one o" t!e co%ntries &i#!t not be re0%ired to &ake an, c!an#es or take an, ste's in order to co&'l, it! t!e treat,9 !ereas all t!e ot!er co%ntries are so re0%ired .C/ eac! co%ntr, &i#!t !ave a ell8"o%nded e(c%se9 based on t!e 'rovision9 "or its o n lack o" co&'liance .3/ t!e treat, s'eci"ied t!at t!e si#nal "or one o" t!e co%ntries to initiate action as noti"ication b, t!e ot!er co%ntries t!at t!e, !ad co&'leted action .E/ t!ere as a&bi#%it, it! res'ect to t!e date a"ter !ic! all actions conte&'lated in t!e treat, are to be co&'lete TEST A 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. A &ile'ost on t!e to 'at! read >51? on t!e side "acin# t!e !iker as s!e a''roac!ed it and >5<? on its back. S!e reasoned t!at t!e ne(t &ile'ost "or ard on t!e 'at! o%ld indicate t!at s!e as !al" a, bet een one end o" t!e 'at! and t!e ot!er. :o ever9 t!e &ile'ost one &ile "%rt!er on read >5I? "acin# !er and >5C? be!ind. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld e('lain t!e discre'anc, described above.A/ T!e n%&bers on t!e ne(t &ile'ost !ad been reversed. .1/ T!e n%&bers on t!e &ile'osts indicate kilo&eters9 not &iles. .C/ T!e "acin# n%&bers indicate &iles to t!e end o" t!e 'at!9 not &iles "ro& t!e be#innin#. .3/ A &ile'ost as &issin# bet een t!e t o t!e !iker enco%ntered. .E/ T!e &ile'osts !ad ori#inall, been '%t in 'lace "or t!e %se o" &o%ntain bikers9 not "or !ikers. 5. Airline: 2e l, develo'ed collision8avoidance s,ste&s9 alt!o%#! not "%ll, tested to discover 'otential &al"%nctions9 &%st be installed i&&ediatel, in 'assen#er 'lanes. T!eir &ec!anical arnin#s enable 'ilots to avoid cras!es. Filots: Filots ill not "l, in 'lanes it! collision8avoidance s,ste&s t!at are not "%ll, tested. Mal"%nctionin# s,ste&s co%ld &islead 'ilots9 ca%sin# cras!es. T!e 'ilots ob+ection is &ost stren#t!ened i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is tr%e.A/ It is al a,s 'ossible "or &ec!anical devices to &al"%nction. .1/ Jet en#ines9 alt!o%#! not "%ll, tested !en "irst '%t into %se9 !ave ac!ieved http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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e(e&'lar, 'er"or&ance and sa"et, records. .C/ Alt!o%#! collision8avoidance s,ste&s ill enable 'ilots to avoid so&e cras!es9 t!e likel, &al"%nctions o" t!e not8"%ll,8tested s,ste&s ill ca%se even &ore cras!es. .3/ Man, airline collisions are ca%sed in 'art b, t!e e(!a%stion o" over orked 'ilots. .E/ Collision8avoidance s,ste&s9 at t!is sta#e o" develo'&ent9 a''ear to !ave orked better in 'assen#er 'lanes t!an in car#o 'lanes d%rin# e('eri&ental "li#!ts &ade over a si(8&ont! 'eriod. <. G%itar strin#s o"ten #o >dead?Kbeco&e less res'onsive and bri#!t in toneKa"ter a "e eeks o" intense %se. A researc!er !ose son is a classical #%itarist !,'ot!esi)ed t!at dirt and oil9 rat!er t!an c!an#es in t!e &aterial 'ro'erties o" t!e strin#9 ere res'onsible. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# investi#ations is &ost likel, to ,ield si#ni"icant in"or&ation t!at o%ld !el' to eval%ate t!e researc!ers !,'ot!esis.A/ 3eter&inin# i" a &etal allo, is %sed to &ake t!e strin#s %sed b, classical #%itarists .1/ 3eter&inin# !et!er classical #%itarists &ake t!eir strin#s #o dead "aster t!an do "olk #%itarists .C/ 3eter&inin# !et!er identical len#t!s o" strin#9 o" t!e sa&e #a%#e9 #o dead at di""erent rates !en str%n# on vario%s brands o" #%itars .3/ 3eter&inin# !et!er a dead strin# and a ne strin# 'rod%ce di""erent 0%alities o" so%nd .E/ 3eter&inin# !et!er s&earin# vario%s s%bstances on ne #%itar strin#s ca%ses t!e& to #o dead C. Most cons%&ers do not #et &%c! %se o%t o" t!e s'orts e0%i'&ent t!e, '%rc!ase. $or e(a&'le9 seventeen 'ercent o" t!e ad%lts in t!e =nited States o n +o##in# s!oes9 b%t onl, "ort,8"ive 'ercent o" t!e o ners +o# &ore t!an once a ,ear9 and onl, seventeen 'ercent +o# &ore t!an once a eek. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts &ost do%bt on t!e clai& t!at &ost cons%&ers #et little %se o%t o" t!e s'orts e0%i'&ent t!e, '%rc!ase.A/ Jo##ers are &ost s%sce'tible to s'orts in+%ries d%rin# t!e "irst si( &ont!s in !ic! t!e, +o#. .1/ Jo##ers o"ten e(a##erate t!e "re0%enc, it! !ic! t!e, +o# in s%rve,s desi#ned to elicit s%c! in"or&ation. .C/ Man, cons%&ers '%rc!ase +o##in# s!oes "or %se in activities ot!er t!an +o##in#. .3/ Cons%&ers !o take %' +o##in# o"ten '%rc!ase an at!letic s!oe t!at can be %sed in ot!er s'orts. .E/ Jo##ers !o +o# &ore t!an once a eek are o"ten active 'artici'ants in ot!er http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1IB

s'orts as ell. @. T o decades a"ter t!e E&erald River 3a& as b%ilt9 none o" t!e ei#!t "is! s'ecies native to t!e E&erald River as still re'rod%cin# ade0%atel, in t!e river belo t!e da&. Since t!e da& red%ced t!e ann%al ran#e o" ater te&'erat%re in t!e river belo t!e da& "ro& @I de#rees to G de#rees9 scientists !ave !,'ot!esi)ed t!at s!ar'l, risin# ater te&'erat%res &%st be involved in si#nalin# t!e native s'ecies to be#in t!e re'rod%ctive c,cle. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e scientists !,'ot!esis.A/ T!e native "is! s'ecies ere still able to re'rod%ce onl, in side strea&s o" t!e river belo t!e da& !ere t!e ann%al te&'erat%re ran#e re&ains a''ro(i&atel, @I de#rees. .1/ 1e"ore t!e da& as b%ilt9 t!e E&erald River ann%all, over"lo ed its banks9 creatin# back aters t!at ere critical breedin# areas "or t!e native s'ecies o" "is!. .C/ T!e lo est recorded te&'erat%re o" t!e E&erald River be"ore t!e da& as b%ilt as <C de#rees9 !ereas t!e lo est recorded te&'erat%re o" t!e river a"ter t!e da& as b%ilt !as been C< de#rees. .3/ 2onnative s'ecies o" "is!9 introd%ced into t!e E&erald River a"ter t!e da& as b%ilt9 !ave be#%n co&'etin# it! t!e declinin# native "is! s'ecies "or "ood and s'ace. .E/ $ive o" t!e "is! s'ecies native to t!e E&erald River are not native to an, ot!er river in 2ort! A&erica. G. It is tr%e t!at it is a#ainst international la to sell 'l%toni%& to co%ntries t!at do not ,et !ave n%clear ea'ons. 1%t i" =nited States co&'anies do not do so9 co&'anies in ot!er co%ntries ill. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost like t!e ar#%&ent above in its lo#ical str%ct%re.A/ It is tr%e t!at it is a#ainst t!e 'olice de'art&ents 'olic, to ne#otiate it! kidna''ers. 1%t i" t!e 'olice ant to 'revent loss o" li"e9 t!e, &%st ne#otiate in so&e cases. .1/ It is tr%e t!at it is ille#al to re"%se to re#ister "or &ilitar, service. 1%t t!ere is a lon# tradition in t!e =nited States o" conscientio%s ob+ection to servin# in t!e ar&ed "orces. .C/ It is tr%e t!at it is ille#al "or a #overn&ent o""icial to 'artici'ate in a transaction in !ic! t!ere is an a''arent con"lict o" interest. 1%t i" t!e "acts are e(a&ined care"%ll,9 it ill clearl, be seen t!at t!ere as no act%al con"lict o" interest in t!e de"endants case. .3/ It is tr%e t!at it is a#ainst t!e la to b%r#lari)e 'eo'les !o&es. 1%t so&eone else certainl, o%ld !ave b%r#lari)ed t!at !o%se i" t!e de"endant !ad not done so "irst. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1IH

.E/ It is tr%e t!at co&'an, 'olic, "orbids s%'ervisors to "ire e&'lo,ees it!o%t t o ritten arnin#s. 1%t t!ere !ave been &an, s%'ervisors !o !ave disobe,ed t!is 'olic,. A. In recent ,ears &an, cabinet&akers !ave been innin# acclai& as artists. 1%t since "%rnit%re &%st be %se"%l9 cabinet&akers &%st e(ercise t!eir cra"t it! an e,e to t!e 'ractical %tilit, o" t!eir 'rod%ct. $or t!is reason9 cabinet&akin# is not art. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at s%''orts dra in# t!e concl%sion above "ro& t!e reason #iven "or t!at concl%sion.A/ So&e "%rnit%re is &ade to be 'laced in &%se%&s9 !ere it ill not be %sed b, an,one. .1/ So&e cabinet&akers are &ore concerned t!an ot!ers it! t!e 'ractical %tilit, o" t!e 'rod%cts t!e, 'rod%ce. .C/ Cabinet&akers s!o%ld be &ore concerned it! t!e 'ractical %tilit, o" t!eir 'rod%cts t!an t!e, c%rrentl, are. .3/ An ob+ect is not an art ob+ect i" its &aker 'a,s attention to t!e ob+ects 'ractical %tilit,. .E/ Artists are not concerned it! t!e &onetar, val%e o" t!eir 'rod%cts. B. Alt!o%#! c%sto& 'rost!etic bone re'lace&ents 'rod%ced t!ro%#! a ne co&'%ter8aided desi#n 'rocess ill cost &ore t!an t ice as &%c! as ordinar, re'lace&ents9 c%sto& re'lace&ents s!o%ld still be cost8e""ective. 2ot onl, ill s%r#er, and recover, ti&e be red%ced9 b%t c%sto& re'lace&ents s!o%ld last lon#er9 t!ereb, red%cin# t!e need "or "%rt!er !os'ital sta,s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be st%died in order to eval%ate t!e ar#%&ent 'resented above.A/ T!e a&o%nt o" ti&e a 'atient s'ends in s%r#er, vers%s t!e a&o%nt o" ti&e s'ent recoverin# "ro& s%r#er, .1/ T!e a&o%nt b, !ic! t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# c%sto& re'lace&ents !as declined it! t!e introd%ction o" t!e ne tec!ni0%e "or 'rod%cin# t!e& .C/ T!e de#ree to !ic! t!e %se o" c%sto& re'lace&ents is likel, to red%ce t!e need "or re'eat s%r#er, !en co&'ared it! t!e %se o" ordinar, re'lace&ents .3/ T!e de#ree to !ic! c%sto& re'lace&ents 'rod%ced it! t!e ne tec!ni0%e are &ore care"%ll, &an%"act%red t!an are ordinar, re'lace&ents .E/ T!e a&o%nt b, !ic! c%sto& re'lace&ents 'rod%ced it! t!e ne tec!ni0%e ill dro' in cost as t!e 'rod%ction 'roced%res beco&e standardi)ed and a''licable on a lar#er scale H. E(tinction is a 'rocess t!at can de'end on a variet, o" ecolo#ical9 #eo#ra'!ical9 and '!,siolo#ical variables. T!ese variables a""ect di""erent s'ecies o" or#anis&s in di""erent a,s9 and s!o%ld9 t!ere"ore9 ,ield a rando& 'attern o" e(tinctions. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

11I

:o ever9 t!e "ossil record s!o s t!at e(tinction occ%rs in a s%r'risin#l, de"inite 'attern9 it! &an, s'ecies vanis!in# at t!e sa&e ti&e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 "or&s t!e best basis "or at least a 'artial e('lanation o" t!e 'atterned e(tinctions revealed b, t!e "ossil record.A/ Ma+or e'isodes o" e(tinction can res%lt "ro& ides'read environ&ental dist%rbances t!at a""ect n%&ero%s di""erent s'ecies. .1/ Certain e(tinction e'isodes selectivel, a""ect or#anis&s it! 'artic%lar sets o" c!aracteristics %ni0%e to t!eir s'ecies. .C/ So&e s'ecies beco&e e(tinct beca%se o" acc%&%lated #rad%al c!an#es in t!eir local environ&ents. .3/ In #eolo#icall, recent ti&es9 "or !ic! t!ere is no "ossil record9 !%&an intervention !as c!an#ed t!e 'attern o" e(tinctions. .E/ S'ecies t!at are idel, dis'ersed are t!e least likel, to beco&e e(tinct. 1I. 2eit!er a risin# standard o" livin# nor balanced trade9 b, itsel"9 establis!es a co%ntr,s abilit, to co&'ete in t!e international &arket'lace. 1ot! are re0%ired si&%ltaneo%sl, since standards o" livin# can rise beca%se o" #ro in# trade de"icits and trade can be balanced b, &eans o" a decline in a co%ntr,s standard o" livin#. I" t!e "acts stated in t!e 'assa#e above are tr%e9 a 'ro'er test o" a co%ntr,s abilit, to be co&'etitive is its abilit, to .A/ balance its trade !ile its standard o" livin# rises .1/ balance its trade !ile its standard o" livin# "alls .C/ increase trade de"icits !ile its standard o" livin# rises .3/ decrease trade de"icits !ile its standard o" livin# "alls .E/ kee' its standard o" livin# constant !ile trade de"icits rise 11. Certain &essen#er &olec%les "i#!t da&a#e to t!e l%n#s "ro& no(io%s air b, tellin# t!e &%scle cells encirclin# t!e l%n#s air a,s to contract. T!is 'artiall, seals o"" t!e l%n#s. An ast!&a attack occ%rs !en t!e &essen#er &olec%les are activated %nnecessaril,9 in res'onse to !ar&less t!in#s like 'ollen or !o%se!old d%st. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'oints to t!e &ost serio%s "la o" a 'lan to develo' a &edication t!at o%ld 'revent ast!&a attacks b, blockin# recei't o" an, &essa#es sent b, t!e &essen#er &olec%les re"erred to above.A/ Researc!ers do not ,et kno !o t!e bod, 'rod%ces t!e &essen#er &olec%les t!at tri##er ast!&a attacks. .1/ Researc!ers do not ,et kno !at &akes one 'ersons &essen#er &olec%les &ore easil, activated t!an anot!ers. .C/ S%c! a &edication o%ld not beco&e available "or several ,ears9 beca%se o" lon# lead ti&es in bot! develo'&ent and &an%"act%re. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.3/ S%c! a &edication o%ld be %nable to distin#%is! bet een &essa#es tri##ered b, 'ollen and !o%se!old d%st and &essa#es tri##ered b, no(io%s air. .E/ S%c! a &edication o%ld be a 'reventative onl, and o%ld be %nable to alleviate an ast!&a attack once it !ad started. 15. Since t!e ro%tine %se o" antibiotics can #ive rise to resistant bacteria ca'able o" s%rvivin# antibiotic environ&ents9 t!e 'resence o" resistant bacteria in 'eo'le co%ld be d%e to t!e !%&an %se o" 'rescri'tion antibiotics. So&e scientists9 !o ever9 believe t!at &ost resistant bacteria in 'eo'le derive "ro& !%&an cons%&'tion o" bacteriall, in"ected &eat. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost si#ni"icantl, stren#t!en t!e !,'ot!esis o" t!e scientists.A/ Antibiotics are ro%tinel, incl%ded in livestock "eed so t!at livestock 'rod%cers can increase t!e rate o" #ro t! o" t!eir ani&als. .1/ Most 'eo'le !o develo' "ood 'oisonin# "ro& bacteriall, in"ected &eat are treated it! 'rescri'tion antibiotics. .C/ T!e incidence o" resistant bacteria in 'eo'le !as tended to be &%c! !i#!er in %rban areas t!an in r%ral areas !ere &eat is o" co&'arable 0%alit,. .3/ Feo'le !o !ave never taken 'rescri'tion antibiotics are t!ose least likel, to develo' resistant bacteria. .E/ Livestock 'rod%cers clai& t!at resistant bacteria in ani&als cannot be trans&itted to 'eo'le t!ro%#! in"ected &eat. 1<. T!e recent decline in t!e val%e o" t!e dollar as tri##ered b, a 'rediction o" slo er econo&ic #ro t! in t!e co&in# ,ear. 1%t t!at 'rediction o%ld not !ave adversel, a""ected t!e dollar !ad it not been "or t!e #overn&ents !%#e b%d#et de"icit9 !ic! &%st t!ere"ore be decreased to 'revent "%t%re c%rrenc, declines. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion abo%t !o to 'revent "%t%re c%rrenc, declines.A/ T!e #overn&ent !as &ade little atte&'t to red%ce t!e b%d#et de"icit. .1/ T!e b%d#et de"icit !as not ca%sed a slo do n in econo&ic #ro t!. .C/ T!e val%e o" t!e dollar declined several ti&es in t!e ,ear 'rior to t!e recent 'rediction o" slo er econo&ic #ro t!. .3/ 1e"ore t!ere as a lar#e b%d#et de"icit9 'redictions o" slo er econo&ic #ro t! "re0%entl, ca%sed declines in t!e dollars val%e. .E/ 6!en t!ere is a lar#e b%d#et de"icit9 ot!er events in addition to 'redictions o" slo er econo&ic #ro t! so&eti&es tri##er declines in c%rrenc, val%e. 1C. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo At a recent con"erence on environ&ental t!reats to t!e 2ort! Sea9 &ost 'artici'atin# co%ntries "avored %ni"or& controls on t!e 0%alit, o" e""l%ents9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

115

!et!er or not s'eci"ic environ&ental da&a#e co%ld be attrib%ted to a 'artic%lar so%rce o" e""l%ent. 6!at &%st9 o" co%rse9 be s!o n9 in order to avoid e(cessivel, restrictive controls9 is t!at;;;;;; .A/ an, %ni"or& controls t!at are ado'ted are likel, to be i&'le&ented it!o%t dela, .1/ an, s%bstance to be &ade s%b+ect to controls can act%all, ca%se environ&ental da&a#e .C/ t!e co%ntries "avorin# %ni"or& controls are t!ose #eneratin# t!e lar#est 0%antities o" e""l%ents .3/ all o" an, #iven 'oll%tant t!at is to be controlled act%all, reac!es t!e 2ort! Sea at 'resent .E/ environ&ental da&a#e alread, in"licted on t!e 2ort! Sea is reversible 1@. Traditionall,9 decision8&akin# b, &ana#ers t!at is reasoned ste'8b,8ste' !as been considered 're"erable to int%itive decision8&akin#. :o ever9 a recent st%d, "o%nd t!at to' &ana#ers %sed int%ition si#ni"icantl, &ore t!an did &ost &iddle8 or lo er8level &ana#ers. T!is con"ir&s t!e alternative vie t!at int%ition is act%all, &ore e""ective t!an care"%l9 &et!odical reasonin#. T!e concl%sion above is based on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Met!odical9 ste'8b,8ste' reasonin# is ina''ro'riate "or &akin# &an, real8 li"e &ana#e&ent decisions. .1/ To' &ana#ers !ave t!e abilit, to %se eit!er int%itive reasonin# or &et!odical9 ste'8b,8ste' reasonin# in &akin# decisions. .C/ T!e decisions &ade b, &iddle8 and lo er8level &ana#ers can be &ade as easil, b, %sin# &et!odical reasonin# as b, %sin# int%itive reasonin#. .3/ To' &ana#ers %se int%itive reasonin# in &akin# t!e &a+orit, o" t!eir decisions. .E/ To' &ana#ers are &ore e""ective at decision8&akin# t!an &iddle8 or lo er8 level &ana#ers. 1G. T!e i&'osition o" 0%otas li&itin# i&'orted steel ill not !el' t!e bi# A&erican steel &ills. In "act9 t!e 0%otas ill !el' >&ini8&ills? "lo%ris! in t!e =nited States. T!ose s&all do&estic &ills ill take &ore b%siness "ro& t!e bi# A&erican steel &ills t!an o%ld !ave been taken b, t!e "orei#n steel &ills in t!e absence o" 0%otas. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e clai& &ade in t!e last sentence above.A/ N%alit, rat!er t!an 'rice is a &a+or "actor in deter&inin# t!e t,'e o" steel to be %sed "or a 'artic%lar a''lication. .1/ $orei#n steel &ills !ave lon# 'rod%ced #rades o" steel co&'arable in 0%alit, to t!e steel 'rod%ced b, t!e bi# A&erican &ills. .C/ A&erican 0%otas on i&'orted #oods !ave o"ten ind%ced ot!er co%ntries to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

11<

i&'ose si&ilar 0%otas on A&erican #oods. .3/ 3o&estic >&ini8&ills? consistentl, 'rod%ce better #rades o" steel t!an do t!e bi# A&erican &ills. .E/ 3o&estic >&ini8&ills? 'rod%ce lo 8vol%&e9 s'eciali)ed t,'es o" steels t!at are not 'rod%ced b, t!e bi# A&erican steel &ills. 1A. Correctl, &eas%rin# t!e 'rod%ctivit, o" service orkers is co&'le(. Consider9 "or e(a&'le9 'ostal orkers: t!e, are o"ten said to be &ore 'rod%ctive i" &ore letters are delivered 'er 'ostal orker. 1%t is t!is reall, tr%e- 6!at i" &ore letters are lost or dela,ed 'er orker at t!e sa&e ti&e t!at &ore are deliveredT!e ob+ection i&'lied above to t!e 'rod%ctivit, &eas%re described is based on do%bts abo%t t!e tr%t! o" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents.A/ Fostal orkers are re'resentative o" service orkers in #eneral. .1/ T!e deliver, o" letters is t!e 'ri&ar, activit, o" t!e 'ostal service. .C/ Frod%ctivit, s!o%ld be ascribed to cate#ories o" orkers9 not to individ%als. .3/ T!e 0%alit, o" services rendered can a''ro'riatel, be i#nored in co&'%tin# 'rod%ctivit,. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" letters delivered is relevant to &eas%rin# t!e 'rod%ctivit, o" 'ostal orkers. 1B. Male bo erbirds constr%ct elaboratel, decorated nests9 or bo ers. 1asin# t!eir +%d#&ent on t!e "act t!at di""erent local 'o'%lations o" bo erbirds o" t!e sa&e s'ecies b%ild bo ers t!at e(!ibit di""erent b%ildin# and decorative st,les9 researc!ers !ave concl%ded t!at t!e bo erbirds b%ildin# st,les are a c%lt%rall, ac0%ired9 rat!er t!an a #eneticall, trans&itted9 trait. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion dra n b, t!e researc!ers.A/ T!ere are &ore co&&on c!aracteristics t!an t!ere are di""erences a&on# t!e bo er8b%ildin# st,les o" t!e local bo erbird 'o'%lation t!at !as been st%died &ost e(tensivel,. .1/ *o%n# &ale bo erbirds are ine't at bo er8b%ildin# and a''arentl, s'end ,ears atc!in# t!eir elders be"ore beco&in# acco&'lis!ed in t!e local bo er st,le. .C/ T!e bo ers o" one s'ecies o" bo erbird lack t!e to ers and orna&entation c!aracteristic o" t!e bo ers o" &ost ot!er s'ecies o" bo erbird. .3/ 1o erbirds are "o%nd onl, in 2e G%inea and A%stralia9 !ere local 'o'%lations o" t!e birds a''arentl, seldo& !ave contact it! one anot!er. .E/ It is ell kno n t!at t!e son# dialects o" so&e son#birds are learned rat!er t!an trans&itted #eneticall,. 1H. A #reater n%&ber o" ne s'a'ers are sold in To n S t!an in To n T. T!ere"ore9 t!e citi)ens o" To n S are better in"or&ed abo%t &a+or orld events t!an are t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

11C

citi)ens o" To n T. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e concl%sion above EECEFT: .A/ To n S !as a lar#er 'o'%lation t!an To n T. .1/ Most citi)ens o" To n T ork in To n S and b%, t!eir ne s'a'ers t!ere. .C/ T!e avera#e citi)en o" To n S s'ends less ti&e readin# ne s'a'ers t!an does t!e avera#e citi)en o" To n T. .3/ A eekl, ne s'a'er restricted to t!e covera#e o" local events is '%blis!ed in To n S. .E/ T!e avera#e ne sstand 'rice o" ne s'a'ers sold in To n S is lo er t!an t!e avera#e 'rice o" ne s'a'ers sold in To n T. 5I. 7ne anal,st 'redicts t!at :on# Mon# can retain its ca'italist a,s a"ter it beco&es 'art o" &ainland C!ina in 1HHA as lon# as a ca'italist :on# Mon# is %se"%l to C!inaD t!at a ca'italist :on# Mon# ill be %se"%l to C!ina as lon# as :on# Mon# is 'ros'ero%sD and t!at :on# Mon# ill re&ain 'ros'ero%s as lon# as it retains its ca'italist a,s. I" t!e 'redictions above are correct9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# "%rt!er 'redictions can lo#icall, be derived "ro& t!e&.A/ I" :on# Mon# "ails to sta, 'ros'ero%s9 it ill no lon#er re&ain 'art o" &ainland C!ina. .1/ I" :on# Mon# retains its ca'italist a,s %ntil 1HHA9 it ill be allo ed to do so a"ter ard. .C/ I" t!ere is a orld econo&ic crisis a"ter 1HHA9 it ill not adversel, a""ect t!e econo&, o" :on# Mon#. .3/ :on# Mon# ill be 'ros'ero%s a"ter 1HHA. .E/ T!e citi)ens o" :on# Mon# ill !ave no restrictions 'laced on t!e& b, t!e #overn&ent o" &ainland C!ina. TEST B 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. A dr%# t!at is !i#!l, e""ective in treatin# &an, t,'es o" in"ection can9 at 'resent9 be obtained onl, "ro& t!e bark o" t!e ibora9 a tree t!at is 0%ite rare in t!e ild. It takes t!e bark o" @9III trees to &ake one kilo#ra& o" t!e dr%#. It "ollo s9 t!ere"ore9 t!at contin%ed 'rod%ction o" t!e dr%# &%st inevitabl, lead to t!e iboras e(tinction. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e dr%# &ade "ro& ibora bark is dis'ensed to doctors "ro& a central a%t!orit,. .1/ T!e dr%# &ade "ro& ibora bark is e('ensive to 'rod%ce. .C/ T!e leaves o" t!e ibora are %sed in a n%&ber o" &edical 'rod%cts. .3/ T!e ibora can be 'ro'a#ated "ro& c%ttin#s and #ro n %nder c%ltivation. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

11@

.E/ T!e ibora #enerall, #ro s in lar#el, inaccessible 'laces. 5. :i#! levels o" "ertili)er and 'esticides9 needed !en "ar&ers tr, to 'rod%ce !i#! ,ield o" t!e sa&e cro' ,ear a"ter ,ear9 'oll%te ater s%''lies. E('erts t!ere"ore %r#e "ar&ers to diversi", t!eir cro's and to rotate t!eir 'lantin#s ,earl,. To receive #overn&ental 'rice8s%''ort bene"its "or a cro'9 "ar&ers &%st !ave 'rod%ced t!at sa&e cro' "or t!e 'ast several ,ears. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 best s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ T!e r%les "or #overn&ental s%''ort o" "ar& 'rices ork a#ainst e""orts to red%ce ater 'oll%tion. .1/ T!e onl, sol%tion to t!e 'roble& o" ater 'oll%tion "ro& "ertili)ers and 'esticides is to take "ar&land o%t o" 'rod%ction. .C/ $ar&ers can contin%e to &ake a 'ro"it b, rotatin# diverse cro's9 t!%s red%cin# costs "or c!e&icals9 b%t not b, 'lantin# t!e sa&e cro' eac! ,ear. .3/ 2e "ar&in# tec!ni0%es ill be develo'ed to &ake it 'ossible "or "ar&ers to red%ce t!e a''lication o" "ertili)ers and 'esticides. .E/ Govern&ental 'rice s%''orts "or "ar& 'rod%cts are set at levels t!at are not !i#! eno%#! to allo "ar&ers to #et o%t o" debt. <. S!elb, Ind%stries &an%"act%res and sells t!e sa&e #a%#es as Jones Ind%stries. E&'lo,ee a#es acco%nt "or "ort, 'ercent o" t!e cost o" &an%"act%rin# #a%#es at bot! S!elb, Ind%stries and Jones Ind%stries. S!elb, Ind%stries is seekin# a co&'etitive advanta#e over Jones Ind%stries. T!ere"ore9 to 'ro&ote t!is end9 S!elb, Ind%stries s!o%ld lo er e&'lo,ee a#es. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 1eca%se t!e, &ake a s&all n%&ber o" 'recision instr%&ents9 #a%#e &an%"act%rers cannot receive vol%&e disco%nts on ra &aterials. .1/ Lo erin# a#es o%ld red%ce t!e 0%alit, o" e&'lo,ee ork9 and t!is red%ced 0%alit, o%ld lead to lo ered sales. .C/ Jones Ind%stries !as taken a a, t ent, 'ercent o" S!elb, Ind%stries b%siness over t!e last ,ear. .3/ S!elb, Ind%stries 'a,s its e&'lo,ees9 on avera#e9 ten 'ercent &ore t!an does Jones Ind%stries. .E/ Man, 'eo'le !o ork "or &an%"act%rin# 'lants live in areas in !ic! t!e &an%"act%rin# 'lant t!e, ork "or is t!e onl, ind%str,. C. So&e co&&%nities in $lorida are 'o'%lated al&ost e(cl%sivel, b, retired 'eo'le and contain "e 9 i" an,9 "a&ilies it! s&all c!ildren. *et t!ese co&&%nities are !o&e to t!rivin# b%sinesses s'eciali)in# in t!e rental o" "%rnit%re "or in"ants and s&all c!ildren. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best reconciles t!e see&in# discre'anc, described abovehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

11G

.A/ T!e b%sinesses s'eciali)in# in t!e rental o" c!ildrens "%rnit%re b%, t!eir "%rnit%re "ro& distrib%tors o%tside o" $lorida. .1/ T!e "e c!ildren !o do reside in t!ese co&&%nities all kno eac! ot!er and o"ten &ake overni#!t visits to one anot!ers !o%ses. .C/ Man, residents o" t!ese co&&%nities !o &ove "re0%entl, 're"er rentin# t!eir "%rnit%re to b%,in# it o%tri#!t. .3/ Man, residents o" t!ese co&&%nities &%st 'rovide "or t!e needs o" visitin# #randc!ildren several eeks a ,ear. .E/ C!ildrens "%rnit%re available "or rental is o" t!e sa&e 0%alit, as t!at available "or sale in t!e stores. @. Lar#e national b%d#et de"icits do not ca%se lar#e trade de"icits. I" t!e, did9 co%ntries it! t!e lar#est b%d#et de"icits o%ld also !ave t!e lar#est trade de"icits. In "act9 !en de"icit "i#%res are ad+%sted so t!at di""erent co%ntries are reliabl, co&'arable to eac! ot!er9 t!ere is no s%c! correlation. I" t!e state&ents above are all tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can 'ro'erl, be in"erred on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ Co%ntries it! lar#e national b%d#et de"icits tend to restrict "orei#n trade. .1/ Reliable co&'arisons o" t!e de"icit "i#%res o" one co%ntr, it! t!ose o" anot!er are i&'ossible. .C/ Red%cin# a co%ntr,s national b%d#et de"icit ill not necessaril, res%lt in a lo erin# o" an, trade de"icit t!at co%ntr, &a, !ave. .3/ 6!en co%ntries are ordered "ro& lar#est to s&allest in ter&s o" 'o'%lation9 t!e s&allest co%ntries #enerall, !ave t!e s&allest b%d#et and trade de"icits. .E/ Co%ntries it! t!e lar#est trade de"icits never !ave si&ilarl, lar#e national b%d#et de"icits. G. >$ast c,cle ti&e? is a strate#, o" desi#nin# a &an%"act%rin# or#ani)ation to eli&inate bottlenecks and dela,s in 'rod%ction. 2ot onl, does it s'eed %' 'rod%ction9 b%t it also ass%res 0%alit,. T!e reason is t!at t!e bottlenecks and dela,s cannot be eli&inated %nless all ork is done ri#!t t!e "irst ti&e. T!e clai& abo%t 0%alit, &ade above rests on a 0%estionable 'res%''osition t!at .A/ an, "la in ork on a 'rod%ct o%ld ca%se a bottleneck or dela, and so o%ld be 'revented "ro& occ%rrin# on a >"ast c,cle? 'rod%ction line .1/ t!e strate#, o" >"ast c,cle ti&e? o%ld re0%ire "%nda&ental ret!inkin# o" 'rod%ct desi#n .C/ t!e 'ri&ar, #oal o" t!e or#ani)ation is to 'rod%ce a 'rod%ct o" %ne(celled 0%alit,9 rat!er t!an to #enerate 'ro"its "or stock!olders .3/ >"ast c,cle ti&e? co%ld be ac!ieved b, s!avin# ti&e o"" eac! o" t!e co&'onent 'rocesses in 'rod%ction c,cle .E/ >"ast c,cle ti&e? is a conce't in b%siness strate#, t!at !as not ,et been '%t http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

11A

into 'ractice in a "actor, A. Man, break"ast cereals are "orti"ied it! vita&in s%''le&ents. So&e o" t!ese cereals 'rovide 1II 'ercent o" t!e reco&&ended dail, re0%ire&ent o" vita&ins. 2evert!eless9 a ell8balanced break"ast9 incl%din# a variet, o" "oods9 is a better so%rce o" t!ose vita&ins t!an are s%c! "orti"ied break"ast cereals alone. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stron#l, s%''ort t!e 'osition above.A/ In &an, "oods9 t!e nat%ral co&bination o" vita&ins it! ot!er n%trients &akes t!ose vita&ins &ore %sable b, t!e bod, t!an are vita&ins added in vita&in s%''le&ents. .1/ Feo'le !o re#%larl, eat cereals "orti"ied it! vita&in s%''le&ents so&eti&es ne#lect to eat t!e "oods in !ic! t!e vita&ins occ%r nat%rall,. .C/ $oods o"ten &%st be "orti"ied it! vita&in s%''le&ents beca%se nat%rall, occ%rrin# vita&ins are re&oved d%rin# 'rocessin#. .3/ =n'rocessed cereals are nat%rall, !i#! in several o" t!e vita&ins t!at are %s%all, added to "orti"ied break"ast cereals. .E/ Cereals containin# vita&in s%''le&ents are no !arder to di#est t!an si&ilar cereals it!o%t added vita&ins. B. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo T!e &ore orried investors are abo%t losin# t!eir &one,9 t!e &ore t!e, ill de&and a !i#! 'otential ret%rn on t!eir invest&entD #reat risks &%st be o""set b, t!e c!ance o" #reat re ards. T!is 'rinci'le is t!e "%nda&ental one in deter&inin# interest rates9 and it is ill%strated b, t!e "act t!at;;;;;; .A/ s%ccess"%l investors are distin#%is!ed b, an abilit, to &ake ver, risk, invest&ents it!o%t orr,in# abo%t t!eir &one, .1/ lenders receive !i#!er interest rates on %nsec%red loans t!an on loans backed b, collateral .C/ in ti&es o" !i#! in"lation9 t!e interest 'aid to de'ositors b, banks can act%all, be belo t!e rate o" in"lation .3/ at an, one ti&e9 a co&&ercial bank ill !ave a sin#le rate o" interest t!at it ill e('ect all o" its individ%al borro ers to 'a, .E/ t!e 'otential ret%rn on invest&ent in a ne co&'an, is t,'icall, lo er t!an t!e 'otential ret%rn on invest&ent in a ell8establis!ed co&'an, H. A "a&o%s sin#er recentl, on a la s%it a#ainst an advertisin# "ir& "or %sin# anot!er sin#er in a co&&ercial to evoke t!e "a&o%s sin#ers ell8kno n rendition o" a certain son#. As a res%lt o" t!e la s%it9 advertisin# "ir&s ill sto' %sin# i&itators in co&&ercials. T!ere"ore9 advertisin# costs ill rise9 since "a&o%s sin#ers services cost &ore t!an t!ose o" t!eir i&itators. T!e concl%sion above is based on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Most 'eo'le are %nable to distin#%is! a "a&o%s sin#ers rendition o" a son# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

11B

"ro& a #ood i&itators rendition o" t!e sa&e son#. .1/ Co&&ercials %sin# "a&o%s sin#ers are %s%all, &ore e""ective t!an co&&ercials %sin# i&itators o" "a&o%s sin#ers. .C/ T!e ori#inal versions o" so&e ell8kno n son#s are %navailable "or %se in co&&ercials. .3/ Advertisin# "ir&s ill contin%e to %se i&itators to &i&ic t!e '!,sical &anneris&s o" "a&o%s sin#ers. .E/ T!e advertisin# ind%str, ill %se ell8kno n renditions o" son#s in co&&ercials. 1I. A certain &a,or !as 'ro'osed a "ee o" "ive dollars 'er da, on 'rivate ve!icles enterin# t!e cit,9 clai&in# t!at t!e "ee ill alleviate t!e cit,s tra""ic con#estion. T!e &a,or reasons t!at9 since t!e "ee ill e(ceed t!e cost o" ro%nd8tri' b%s "are "ro& &an, nearb, 'oints9 &an, 'eo'le ill s itc! "ro& %sin# t!eir cars to %sin# t!e b%s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e best evidence t!at t!e &a,ors reasonin# is "la ed.A/ Fro+ected increases in t!e 'rice o" #asoline ill increase t!e cost o" takin# a 'rivate ve!icle into t!e cit,. .1/ T!e cost o" 'arkin# "ees alread, &akes it considerabl, &ore e('ensive "or &ost 'eo'le to take a 'rivate ve!icle into t!e cit, t!an to take a b%s. .C/ Most o" t!e 'eo'le c%rrentl, ridin# t!e b%s do not o n 'rivate ve!icles. .3/ Man, co&&%ters o''osin# t!e &a,ors 'lan !ave indicated t!at t!e, o%ld rat!er end%re tra""ic con#estion t!an 'a, a "ive8dollar8'er da, "ee. .E/ 3%rin# t!e avera#e orkda,9 'rivate ve!icles o ned and o'erated b, 'eo'le livin# it!in t!e cit, acco%nt "or t ent, 'ercent o" t!e cit,s tra""ic con#estion. 11. A #ro%' o" c!ildren o" vario%s a#es as read stories in !ic! 'eo'le ca%sed !ar&9 so&e o" t!ose 'eo'le doin# so intentionall,9 and so&e accidentall,. 6!en asked abo%t a''ro'riate '%nis!&ents "or t!ose !o !ad ca%sed !ar&9 t!e ,o%n#er c!ildren9 %nlike t!e older ones9 assi#ned '%nis!&ents t!at did not var, accordin# to !et!er t!e !ar& as done intentionall, or accidentall,. *o%n#er c!ildren9 t!en9 do not re#ard 'eo'les intentions as relevant to '%nis!&ent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion above.A/ In inter'retin# t!ese stories9 t!e listeners !ad to dra on a relativel, &at%re sense o" !%&an 's,c!olo#, in order to tell !et!er !ar& as 'rod%ced intentionall, or accidentall,. .1/ In t!ese stories9 t!e severit, o" t!e !ar& 'rod%ced as clearl, stated. .C/ *o%n#er c!ildren are as likel, to 'rod%ce !ar& %nintentionall, as are older c!ildren. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

11H

.3/ T!e older c!ildren assi#ned '%nis!&ent in a a, t!at closel, rese&bled t!e a, ad%lts !ad assi#ned '%nis!&ent in a si&ilar e('eri&ent. .E/ T!e ,o%n#er c!ildren assi#ned '%nis!&ents t!at varied accordin# to t!e severit, o" t!e !ar& done b, t!e a#ents in t!e stories. 15. 6!en !,'noti)ed s%b+ects are told t!at t!e, are dea" and are t!en asked !et!er t!e, can !ear t!e !,'notist9 t!e, re'l,9 >2o.? So&e t!eorists tr, to e('lain t!is res%lt b, ar#%in# t!at t!e selves o" !,'noti)ed s%b+ects are dissociated into se'arate 'arts9 and t!at t!e 'art t!at is dea" is dissociated "ro& t!e 'art t!at re'lies. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# c!allen#es indicates t!e &ost serio%s eakness in t!e atte&'ted e('lanation described above.A/ 6!, does t!e 'art t!at re'lies not ans er9 >*es?.1/ 6!, are t!e observed "acts in need o" an, s'ecial e('lanation.C/ 6!, do t!e s%b+ects a''ear to acce't t!e !,'notists s%##estion t!at t!e, are dea".3/ 6!, do !,'noti)ed s%b+ects all res'ond t!e sa&e a, in t!e sit%ation described.E/ 6!, are t!e se'arate 'arts o" t!e sel" t!e sa&e "or all s%b+ectsQuestions 13-14 are based on the following. T!e 'ro#ra& to control t!e entr, o" ille#al dr%#s into t!e co%ntr, as a "ail%re in 1HBA. I" t!e 'ro#ra& !ad been s%ccess"%l9 t!e !olesale 'rice o" &ost ille#al dr%#s o%ld not !ave dro''ed s%bstantiall, in 1HBA. 1<. T!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ T!e s%''l, o" ille#al dr%#s dro''ed s%bstantiall, in 1HBA. .1/ T!e 'rice 'aid "or &ost ille#al dr%#s b, t!e avera#e cons%&er did not dro' s%bstantiall, in 1HBA. .C/ 3o&estic 'rod%ction o" ille#al dr%#s increased at a !i#!er rate t!an did t!e entr, o" s%c! dr%#s into t!e co%ntr,. .3/ T!e !olesale 'rice o" a "e ille#al dr%#s increased s%bstantiall, in 1HBA. .E/ A dro' in de&and "or &ost ille#al dr%#s in 1HBA as not t!e sole ca%se o" t!e dro' in t!eir !olesale 'rice. 1C. T!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e o%ld be &ost serio%sl, eakened i" it ere tr%e t!at .A/ in 1HBA s&%##lers o" ille#al dr%#s9 as a #ro%'9 !ad si#ni"icantl, &ore "%nds at t!eir dis'osal t!an did t!e co%ntr,s c%sto&s a#ents .1/ do&estic 'rod%ction o" ille#al dr%#s increased s%bstantiall, in 1HBA .C/ t!e a%t!ors state&ents ere &ade in order to e&barrass t!e o""icials res'onsible "or t!e dr%#8control 'ro#ra& http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

15I

.3/ in 1HBA ille#al dr%#s entered t!e co%ntr, b, a di""erent set o" ro%tes t!an t!e, did in 1HBG .E/ t!e co%ntr,s citi)ens s'ent s%bstantiall, &ore &one, on ille#al dr%#s in 1HBA t!an t!e, did in 1HBG 1@. E(cavation o" t!e ancient cit, o" Mo%rion on t!e island o" C,'r%s revealed a 'attern o" debris and colla'sed b%ildin#s t,'ical o" to ns devastated b, eart!0%akes. Arc!aeolo#ists !ave !,'ot!esi)ed t!at t!e destr%ction as d%e to a &a+or eart!0%ake kno n to !ave occ%rred near t!e island in A.3. <G@. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e arc!aeolo#ists !,'ot!esis.A/ 1ron)e cere&onial drinkin# vessels t!at are o"ten "o%nd in #raves datin# "ro& ,ears 'recedin# and "ollo in# A.3. <G@ ere also "o%nd in several #raves near Mo%rion. .1/ 2o coins &inted a"ter A.3. <G@ ere "o%nd in Mo%rion9 b%t coins &inted be"ore t!at ,ear ere "o%nd in ab%ndance. .C/ Most &odern !istories o" C,'r%s &ention t!at an eart!0%ake occ%rred near t!e island in A.3. <G@. .3/ Several s&all stat%es carved in st,les c%rrent in C,'r%s in t!e cent%r, bet een A.3. <II and CII ere "o%nd in Mo%rion. .E/ Stone inscri'tions in a "or& o" t!e Greek al'!abet t!at as de"initel, %sed in C,'r%s a"ter A.3. <G@ ere "o%nd in Mo%rion. 1G. Sales o" tele'!ones !ave increased dra&aticall, over t!e last ,ear. In order to take advanta#e o" t!is increase9 Ma&&ot! Ind%stries 'lans to e('and 'rod%ction o" its o n &odel o" tele'!one9 !ile contin%in# its alread, ver, e(tensive advertisin# o" t!is 'rod%ct. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides &ost s%''ort "or t!e vie t!at Ma&&ot! Ind%stries cannot increase its sales o" tele'!ones b, ado'tin# t!e 'lan o%tlined above.A/ Alt!o%#! it sells all o" t!e tele'!ones t!at it 'rod%ces9 Ma&&ot! Ind%stries s!are o" all tele'!one sales !as declined over t!e last ,ear. .1/ Ma&&ot! Ind%stries avera#e inventor, o" tele'!ones a aitin# s!i'&ent to retailers !as declined sli#!tl, over t!e last ,ear. .C/ Advertisin# !as &ade t!e brand na&e o" Ma&&ot! Ind%stries tele'!ones idel, kno n9 b%t "e cons%&ers kno t!at Ma&&ot! Ind%stries o ns t!is brand. .3/ Ma&&ot! Ind%stries tele'!one is one o" t!ree brands o" tele'!one t!at !ave to#et!er acco%nted "or t!e b%lk o" t!e last ,ears increase in sales. .E/ 3es'ite a sli#!t decline in t!e retail 'rice9 sales o" Ma&&ot! Ind%stries tele'!ones !ave "allen in t!e last ,ear.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

151

1A. Man, instit%tions o" !i#!er ed%cation s%""er declinin# enroll&ents d%rin# 'eriods o" econo&ic slo do n. At t o8,ear co&&%nit, colle#es9 !o ever9 enroll&ent "i#%res boo& d%rin# t!ese 'eriods !en &an, 'eo'le !ave less &one, and t!ere is &ore co&'etition "or +obs. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 !el's to e('lain t!e enroll&ent increases in t o8 ,ear co&&%nit, colle#es described above EECEFT: .A/ 3%rin# 'eriods o" econo&ic slo do n9 t o8,ear co&&%nit, colle#es are &ore likel, t!an "o%r8,ear colle#es to 're'are t!eir st%dents "or t!e +obs t!at are still available. .1/ 3%rin# 'eriods o" econo&ic 'ros'erit,9 #rad%ates o" t o8,ear co&&%nit, colle#es o"ten contin%e t!eir st%dies at "o%r8,ear colle#es. .C/ T%ition at &ost t o8,ear co&&%nit, colle#es is a "raction o" t!at at "o%r8,ear colle#es. .3/ T o8,ear co&&%nit, colle#es devote &ore reso%rces t!an do ot!er colle#es to attractin# t!ose st%dents es'eciall, a""ected b, econo&ic slo do ns. .E/ St%dents at t o8,ear co&&%nit, colle#es9 b%t not t!ose at &ost "o%r8,ear colle#es9 can control t!e cost o" t!eir st%dies b, c!oosin# t!e n%&ber o" co%rses t!e, take eac! ter&. Questions 18-19 are based on the following. :ardin ar#%ed t!at #ra)in# land !eld in co&&on .t!at is9 o'en to an, %ser/ o%ld al a,s be %sed less care"%ll, t!an 'rivate #ra)in# land. Eac! ranc!er o%ld be te&'ted to over%se co&&on land beca%se t!e bene"its o%ld accr%e to t!e individ%al9 !ile t!e costs o" red%ced land 0%alit, t!at res%lts "ro& over%se o%ld be s'read a&on# all %sers. 1%t a st%d, co&'arin# 51A &illion acres o" co&&on #ra)in# land it! C<< &illion acres o" 'rivate #ra)in# land s!o ed t!at t!e co&&on land as in better condition. 1B. T!e ans er to !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions o%ld be &ost %se"%l in eval%atin# t!e si#ni"icance9 in relation to :ardins clai&9 o" t!e st%d, described above.A/ 3id an, o" t!e ranc!ers !ose land as st%died %se bot! co&&on and 'rivate land.1/ 3id t!e ranc!ers !ose land as st%died tend to 're"er %sin# co&&on land over %sin# 'rivate land "or #ra)in#.C/ 6as t!e 'rivate land t!at as st%died o" co&'arable 0%alit, to t!e co&&on land be"ore eit!er as %sed "or #ra)in#.3/ 6ere t!e %sers o" t!e co&&on land t!at as st%died at least as 'ros'ero%s as t!e %sers o" t!e 'rivate land.E/ 6ere t!ere an, o ners o" !erds !o %sed onl, co&&on land9 and no 'rivate land9 "or #ra)in#-

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

155

1H. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 and kno n b, t!e ranc!ers9 o%ld best !el' e('lain t!e res%lts o" t!e st%d,.A/ 6it! 'rivate #ra)in# land9 bot! t!e costs and t!e bene"its o" over%se "all to t!e individ%al %ser. .1/ T!e cost in red%ced land 0%alit, t!at is attrib%table to an, individ%al %ser is less easil, &eas%red it! co&&on land t!an it is it! 'rivate land. .C/ An individ%al !o over%ses co&&on #ra)in# land &i#!t be able to ac!ieve !i#!er ret%rns t!an ot!er %sers can9 it! t!e res%lt t!at !e or s!e o%ld obtain a co&'etitive advanta#e. .3/ I" one %ser o" co&&on land over%ses it even sli#!tl,9 t!e ot!er %sers are likel, to do so even &ore9 it! t!e conse0%ence t!at t!e costs to eac! %ser o%t ei#! t!e bene"its. .E/ T!ere are &ore acres o" #ra)in# land !eld 'rivatel, t!an t!ere are !eld in co&&on. 5I. In tests "or 'irono&a9 a serio%s disease9 a "alse 'ositive res%lt indicates t!at 'eo'le !ave 'irono&a !en9 in "act9 t!e, do notD a "alse ne#ative res%lt indicates t!at 'eo'le do not !ave 'irono&a !en9 in "act9 t!e, do. To detect 'irono&a &ost acc%ratel,9 '!,sicians s!o%ld %se t!e laborator, test t!at !as t!e lo est 'ro'ortion o" "alse 'ositive res%lts. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 #ives t!e &ost s%''ort to t!e reco&&endation above.A/ T!e acce'ted treat&ent "or 'irono&a does not !ave da&a#in# side e""ects. .1/ T!e laborator, test t!at !as t!e lo est 'ro'ortion o" "alse 'ositive res%lts ca%ses t!e sa&e &inor side e""ects as do t!e ot!er laborator, tests %sed to detect 'irono&a. .C/ In treatin# 'irono&a 'atients9 it is essential to be#in treat&ent as earl, as 'ossible9 since even a eek o" dela, can res%lt in loss o" li"e. .3/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" inconcl%sive test res%lts is e0%al "or all laborator, tests %sed to detect 'irono&a. .E/ All laborator, tests to detect 'irono&a !ave t!e sa&e 'ro'ortion o" "alse ne#ative res%lts. TEST H 30 Minutes 20 Questions Questions 1-! are based on the following. Co&'anies 7 and F eac! !ave t!e sa&e n%&ber o" e&'lo,ees !o ork t!e sa&e n%&ber o" !o%rs 'er eek. Accordin# to records &aintained b, eac! co&'an,9 t!e e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, 7 !ad "e er +ob8related accidents last ,ear t!an did t!e e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, F. T!ere"ore9 e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, 7 are less likel, to !ave +ob8related accidents t!an are e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, F. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

15<

1.

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e concl%sion above.A/ Co&'an, F &an%"act%res 'rod%cts t!at are &ore !a)ardo%s "or orkers to 'rod%ce t!an does Co&'an, 7. .1/ Co&'an, F !olds &ore sa"et, ins'ections t!an does Co&'an, 7. .C/ Co&'an, F &aintains a &ore &odern in"ir&ar, t!an does Co&'an, 7. .3/ Co&'an, 7 'aid &ore "or ne +ob8related &edical clai&s t!an did Co&'an, F. .E/ Co&'an, F 'rovides &ore t,'es o" !ealt!8care bene"its t!an does Co&'an, 7.

5.

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, F lost &ore ti&e at ork d%e to +ob8related accidents t!an did t!e e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, 7. .1/ Co&'an, F considered &ore t,'es o" accidents to be +ob8related t!an did Co&'an, 7. .C/ T!e e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, F ere sick &ore o"ten t!an ere t!e e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, 7. .3/ Several e&'lo,ees o" Co&'an, 7 eac! !ad &ore t!an one +ob8related accident. .E/ T!e &a+orit, o" +ob8related accidents at Co&'an, 7 involved a sin#le &ac!ine.

<.

In co&'arison to t!e standard t,'e riter ke,board9 t!e E$C7 ke,board9 !ic! 'laces t!e &ost8%sed ke,s nearest t!e t,'ists stron#est "in#ers9 allo s "aster t,'in# and res%lts in less "ati#%e9 T!ere"ore9 re'lace&ent o" standard ke,boards it! t!e E$C7 ke,board ill res%lt in an i&&ediate red%ction o" t,'in# costs. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ Feo'le !o %se bot! standard and E$C7 ke,boards re'ort #reater di""ic%lt, in t!e transition "ro& t!e E$C7 ke,board to t!e standard ke,board t!an in t!e transition "ro& t!e standard ke,board to t!e E$C7 ke,board. .1/ E$C7 ke,boards are no &ore e('ensive to &an%"act%re t!an are standard ke,boards and re0%ire less "re0%ent re'air t!an do standard ke,boards. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" b%sinesses and #overn&ent a#encies t!at %se E$C7 ke,boards is increasin# eac! ,ear. .3/ T!e &ore trainin# and e('erience an e&'lo,ee !as !ad it! t!e standard ke,board9 t!e &ore costl, it is to train t!at e&'lo,ee to %se t!e E$C7 ke,board. .E/ 2ovice t,'ists can learn to %se t!e E$C7 ke,board in abo%t t!e sa&e a&o%nt o" ti&e it takes t!e& to learn to %se t!e standard ke,board.

Questions 4-5 are based on the following. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

15C

:al" o" t!e s%b+ects in an e('eri&entKt!e e('eri&ental #ro%'Kcons%&ed lar#e 0%antities o" a 'o'%lar arti"icial s eetener. A"ter ard9 t!is #ro%' s!o ed lo er co#nitive abilities t!an did t!e ot!er !al" o" t!e s%b+ectsKt!e control #ro%'K !o did not cons%&e t!e s eetener. T!e detri&ental e""ects ere attrib%ted to an a&ino acid t!at is one o" t!e s eeteners 'rinci'al constit%ents. C. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best s%''ort t!e concl%sion t!at so&e in#redient o" t!e s eetener as res'onsible "or t!e e('eri&ental res%lts.A/ Most cons%&ers o" t!e s eetener do not cons%&e as &%c! o" it as t!e e('eri&ental #ro%' &e&bers did. .1/ T!e a&ino acid re"erred to in t!e concl%sion is a co&'onent o" all 'roteins9 so&e o" !ic! &%st be cons%&ed "or ade0%ate n%trition. .C/ T!e 0%antit, o" t!e s eetener cons%&ed b, individ%als in t!e e('eri&ental #ro%' is considered sa"e b, "ederal "ood re#%lators. .3/ T!e t o #ro%'s o" s%b+ects ere evenl, &atc!ed it! re#ard to co#nitive abilities 'rior to t!e e('eri&ent. .E/ A second e('eri&ent in !ic! s%b+ects cons%&ed lar#e 0%antities o" t!e s eetener lacked a control #ro%' o" s%b+ects !o ere not #iven t!e s eetener. @. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best !el' e('lain !o t!e s eetener &i#!t 'rod%ce t!e observed e""ect.A/ T!e #overn&ents anal,sis o" t!e arti"icial s eetener deter&ined t!at it as sold in relativel, '%re "or&. .1/ A !i#! level o" t!e a&ino acid in t!e blood in!ibits t!e s,nt!esis o" a s%bstance re0%ired "or nor&al brain "%nctionin#. .C/ 1eca%se t!e s eetener is %sed 'ri&aril, as a "ood additive9 adverse reactions to it are rarel, noticed b, cons%&ers. .3/ T!e a&ino acid t!at is a constit%ent o" t!e s eetener is also sold se'aratel, as a dietar, s%''le&ent. .E/ S%b+ects in t!e e('eri&ent did not kno !et!er t!e, ere cons%&in# t!e s eetener or a second9 !ar&less s%bstance. G. Ad%lt "e&ale rats !o !ave never be"ore enco%ntered rat '%'s ill start to s!o &aternal be!aviors a"ter bein# con"ined it! a '%' "or abo%t seven da,s. T!is 'eriod can be considerabl, s!ortened b, disablin# t!e "e&ales sense o" s&ell or b, re&ovin# t!e scent8'rod%cin# #lands o" t!e '%'. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses best e('lains t!e contrast described above.A/ T!e sense o" s&ell in ad%lt "e&ale rats is &ore ac%te t!an t!at in rat '%'s. .1/ T!e a&o%nt o" scent 'rod%ced b, rat '%'s increases !en t!e, are in t!e 'resence o" a "e&ale rat t!at did not bear t!e&. .C/ $e&ale rats t!at !ave #iven birt! are &ore a""ected b, ol"actor, c%es t!an are http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

15@

"e&ale rats t!at !ave never #iven birt!. .3/ A "e&ale rat t!at !as #iven birt! s!o s &aternal be!avior to ard rat '%'s t!at s!e did not bear &ore 0%ickl, t!an does a "e&ale rat t!at !as never #iven birt!. .E/ T!e develo'&ent o" a "e&ale rats &aternal interest in a rat '%' t!at s!e did not bear is in!ibited b, t!e odor o" t!e '%'. A. T!e intervie is an essential 'art o" a s%ccess"%l !irin# 'ro#ra& beca%se9 it! it9 +ob a''licants !o !ave 'ersonalities t!at are %ns%ited to t!e re0%ire&ents o" t!e +ob ill be eli&inated "ro& consideration. T!e ar#%&ent above lo#icall, de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ A !irin# 'ro#ra& ill be s%ccess"%l i" it incl%des intervie s. .1/ T!e intervie is a &ore i&'ortant 'art o" a s%ccess"%l !irin# 'ro#ra& t!an is t!e develo'&ent o" a +ob descri'tion. .C/ Intervie ers can acc%ratel, identi", a''licants !ose 'ersonalities are %ns%ited to t!e re0%ire&ents o" t!e +ob. .3/ T!e onl, '%r'ose o" an intervie is to eval%ate !et!er +ob a''licants 'ersonalities are s%ited to t!e re0%ire&ents o" t!e +ob. .E/ T!e "it o" +ob a''licants 'ersonalities to t!e re0%ire&ents o" t!e +ob as once t!e &ost i&'ortant "actor in &akin# !irin# decisions. B. An overl, centrali)ed econo&,9 not t!e c!an#es in t!e cli&ate9 is res'onsible "or t!e 'oor a#ric%lt%ral 'rod%ction in Co%ntr, E since its ne #overn&ent ca&e to 'o er. 2ei#!borin# Co%ntr, * !as e('erienced t!e sa&e cli&atic conditions9 b%t !ile a#ric%lt%ral 'rod%ction !as been "allin# in Co%ntr, E9 it !as been risin# in Co%ntr, *. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Ind%strial 'rod%ction also is declinin# in Co%ntr, E. .1/ 6!ereas Co%ntr, * is landlocked9 Co%ntr, E !as a &a+or sea'ort. .C/ 1ot! Co%ntr, E and Co%ntr, * !ave been e('eriencin# dro%#!t conditions. .3/ T!e cro's t!at !ave al a,s been #ro n in Co%ntr, E are di""erent "ro& t!ose t!at !ave al a,s been #ro n in Co%ntr, *. .E/ Co%ntr, Es ne #overn&ent instit%ted a centrali)ed econo&, it! t!e intention o" ens%rin# an e0%itable distrib%tion o" #oods. H. =se"%l 'rotein dr%#s9 s%c! as ins%lin9 &%st still be ad&inistered b, t!e c%&berso&e 'roced%re o" in+ection %nder t!e skin. I" 'roteins are taken orall,9 t!e, are di#ested and cannot reac! t!eir tar#et cells. Certain non'rotein dr%#s9 !o ever9 contain c!e&ical bonds t!at are not broken do n b, t!e di#estive s,ste&. T!e, can9 t!%s9 be taken orall,. T!e state&ents above &ost stron#l, s%''ort a clai& t!at a researc! 'roced%re t!at s%ccess"%ll, acco&'lis!es !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld be bene"icial to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

15G

%sers o" 'rotein dr%#s.A/ Coatin# ins%lin it! co&'o%nds t!at are broken do n b, tar#et cells9 b%t !ose c!e&ical bonds are resistant to di#estion .1/ Convertin# into 'rotein co&'o%nds9 b, 'roced%res t!at ork in t!e laborator,9 t!e non'rotein dr%#s t!at resist di#estion .C/ Re&ovin# 'er&anentl, "ro& t!e di#estive s,ste& an, s%bstances t!at di#est 'roteins .3/ 3eter&inin#9 in a s,ste&atic a,9 !at en),&es and bacteria are 'resent in t!e nor&al di#estive s,ste& and !et!er t!e, tend to be broken do n it!in t!e bod, .E/ 3eter&inin# t!e a&o%nt o" ti&e eac! non'rotein dr%# takes to reac! its tar#et cells 1I. Co%ntr, * %ses its scarce "orei#n8e(c!an#e reserves to b%, scra' iron "or rec,clin# into steel. Alt!o%#! t!e steel t!%s 'rod%ced earns &ore "orei#n e(c!an#e t!an it costs9 t!at 'olic, is "oolis!. Co%ntr, *s o n territor, !as vast de'osits o" iron ore9 !ic! can be &ined it! &ini&al e('endit%re o" "orei#n e(c!an#e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e stron#est s%''ort "or Co%ntr, *s 'olic, o" b%,in# scra' iron abroad.A/ T!e 'rice o" scra' iron on international &arkets rose si#ni"icantl, in 1HBA. .1/ Co%ntr, *s "orei#n8e(c!an#e reserves dro''ed si#ni"icantl, in 1HBA. .C/ T!ere is virt%all, no di""erence in 0%alit, bet een steel 'rod%ced "ro& scra' iron and t!at 'rod%ced "ro& iron ore. .3/ Scra' iron is no %sed in t!e 'rod%ction o" ro%#!l, !al" t!e steel %sed in t!e orld toda,9 and e('erts 'redict t!at scra' iron ill be %sed even &ore e(tensivel, in t!e "%t%re. .E/ $%rnaces t!at 'rocess scra' iron can be b%ilt and o'erated in Co%ntr, * it! s%bstantiall, less "orei#n e(c!an#e t!an can "%rnaces t!at 'rocess iron ore. 11. Last ,ear t!e rate o" in"lation as 1.5 'ercent9 b%t "or t!e c%rrent ,ear it !as been C 'ercent. 6e can concl%de t!at in"lation is on an %' ard trend and t!e rate ill be still !i#!er ne(t ,ear. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e in"lation "i#%res ere co&'%ted on t!e basis o" a re'resentative sa&'le o" econo&ic data rat!er t!an all o" t!e available data. .1/ Last ,ear a di' in oil 'rices bro%#!t in"lation te&'oraril, belo its recent stable ann%al level o" C 'ercent. .C/ Increases in t!e 'a, o" so&e orkers are tied to t!e level o" in"lation9 and at an in"lation rate o" C 'ercent or above9 t!ese 'a, raises constit%te a "orce ca%sin# "%rt!er in"lation.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

15A

.3/ T!e 1.5 'ercent rate o" in"lation last ,ear re'resented a ten8,ear lo . .E/ Govern&ent intervention cannot a""ect t!e rate o" in"lation to an, si#ni"icant de#ree. 15. 1eca%se no e&'lo,ee ants to be associated it! bad ne s in t!e e,es o" a s%'erior9 in"or&ation abo%t serio%s 'roble&s at lo er levels is 'ro#ressivel, so"tened and distorted as it #oes %' eac! ste' in t!e &ana#e&ent !ierarc!,. T!e c!ie" e(ec%tive is9 t!ere"ore9 less ell in"or&ed abo%t 'roble&s at lo er levels t!an are !is or !er s%bordinates at t!ose levels. T!e concl%sion dra n above is based on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ 'roble&s s!o%ld be solved at t!e level in t!e &ana#e&ent !ierarc!, at !ic! t!e, occ%r .1/ e&'lo,ees s!o%ld be re arded "or acc%ratel, re'ortin# 'roble&s to t!eir s%'eriors .C/ 'roble&8solvin# abilit, is &ore i&'ortant at !i#!er levels t!an it is at lo er levels o" t!e &ana#e&ent !ierarc!, .3/ c!ie" e(ec%tives obtain in"or&ation abo%t 'roble&s at lo er levels "ro& no so%rce ot!er t!an t!eir s%bordinates .E/ so&e e&'lo,ees are &ore concerned abo%t tr%t! t!an abo%t t!e a, t!e, are 'erceived b, t!eir s%'eriors 1<. In t!e =nited States in 1HBG9 t!e avera#e rate o" violent cri&e in states it! strict #%n8control la s as GC@ cri&es 'er 1II9III 'ersonsKabo%t @I 'ercent !i#!er t!an t!e avera#e rate in t!e eleven states !ere strict #%n8control la s !ave never been 'assed. T!%s one a, to red%ce violent cri&e is to re'eal strict #%n control la s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e ann%al rate o" violent cri&e in states it! strict #%n8control la s !as decreased since t!e 'assa#e o" t!ose la s. .1/ In states it! strict #%n8control la s9 "e individ%als are 'rosec%ted "or violatin# s%c! la s. .C/ In states it!o%t strict #%n8control la s9 &an, individ%als !ave !ad no "or&al trainin# in t!e %se o" "irear&s. .3/ T!e ann%al rate o" nonviolent cri&e is lo er in states it! strict #%n8control la s t!an in states it!o%t s%c! la s. .E/ Less t!an !al" o" t!e individ%als !o reside in states it!o%t strict #%n8 control la s o n a #%n. 1C. Cor'orate o""icers and directors co&&onl, b%, and sell9 "or t!eir o n 'ort"olios9 stock in t!eir o n cor'orations. Generall,9 !en t!e ratio o" s%c! inside sales to inside '%rc!ases "alls belo 5 to 1 "or a #iven stock9 a rise in stock 'rices is i&&inent. In recent da,s9 !ile t!e 'rice o" MEGA Cor'oration stock !as been

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

15B

"allin#9 t!e cor'orations o""icers and directors !ave bo%#!t %' to nine ti&es as &%c! o" it as t!e, !ave sold. T!e "acts above best s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'redictions.A/ T!e i&balance bet een inside '%rc!ases and inside sales o" MEGA stock ill #ro even "%rt!er. .1/ Inside '%rc!ases o" MEGA stock are abo%t to cease abr%'tl,. .C/ T!e 'rice o" MEGA stock ill soon be#in to #o %'. .3/ T!e 'rice o" MEGA stock ill contin%e to dro'9 b%t less ra'idl,. .E/ T!e &a+orit, o" MEGA stock ill soon be o ned b, MEGAs o n o""icers and directors. 1@. T!e 'ro'osal to !ire ten ne 'olice o""icers in Middleto n is 0%ite "oolis!. T!ere is s%""icient "%ndin# to 'a, t!e salaries o" t!e ne o""icers9 b%t not t!e salaries o" additional co%rt and 'rison e&'lo,ees to 'rocess t!e increased caseload o" arrests and convictions t!at ne o""icers %s%all, #enerate. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 ill &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ St%dies !ave s!o n t!at an increase in a cit,s 'olice "orce does not necessaril, red%ce cri&e. .1/ 6!en one &a+or cit, increased its 'olice "orce b, 1H 'ercent last ,ear9 t!ere ere CI 'ercent &ore arrests and 1< 'ercent &ore convictions. .C/ I" "%ndin# "or t!e ne 'olice o""icers salaries is a''roved9 s%''ort "or ot!er cit, services ill !ave to be red%ced d%rin# t!e ne(t "iscal ,ear. .3/ In &ost =nited States cities9 not all arrests res%lt in convictions9 and not all convictions res%lt in 'rison ter&s. .E/ Middleto ns ratio o" 'olice o""icers to citi)ens !as reac!ed a level at !ic! an increase in t!e n%&ber o" o""icers ill !ave a deterrent e""ect on cri&e. 1G. A recent re'ort deter&ined t!at alt!o%#! onl, t!ree 'ercent o" drivers on Mar,land !i#! a,s e0%i''ed t!eir ve!icles it! radar detectors9 t!irt,8t!ree 'ercent o" all ve!icles ticketed "or e(ceedin# t!e s'eed li&it ere e0%i''ed it! t!e&. Clearl,9 drivers !o e0%i' t!eir ve!icles it! radar detectors are &ore likel, to e(ceed t!e s'eed li&it re#%larl, t!an are drivers !o do not. T!e concl%sion dra n above de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 3rivers !o e0%i' t!eir ve!icles it! radar detectors are less likel, to be ticketed "or e(ceedin# t!e s'eed li&it t!an are drivers !o do not. .1/ 3rivers !o are ticketed "or e(ceedin# t!e s'eed li&it are &ore likel, to e(ceed t!e s'eed li&it re#%larl, t!an are drivers !o are not ticketed. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" ve!icles t!at ere ticketed "or e(ceedin# t!e s'eed li&it as #reater t!an t!e n%&ber o" ve!icles t!at ere e0%i''ed it! radar detectors. .3/ Man, o" t!e ve!icles t!at ere ticketed "or e(ceedin# t!e s'eed li&it ere http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

15H

ticketed &ore t!an once in t!e ti&e 'eriod covered b, t!e re'ort. .E/ 3rivers on Mar,land !i#! a,s e(ceeded t!e s'eed li&it &ore o"ten t!an did drivers on ot!er state !i#! a,s not covered in t!e re'ort. 1A. T!ere is a #reat deal o" #eo#ra'!ical variation in t!e "re0%enc, o" &an, s%r#ical 'roced%resK%' to ten"old variation 'er !%ndred t!o%sand bet een di""erent areas in t!e n%&bers o" !,sterecto&ies9 'rostatecto&ies9 and tonsillecto&ies. To s%''ort a concl%sion t!at &%c! o" t!e variation is d%e to %nnecessar, s%r#ical 'roced%res9 it o%ld be &ost i&'ortant to establis! !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ A local board o" revie at eac! !os'ital e(a&ines t!e records o" ever, o'eration to deter&ine !et!er t!e s%r#ical 'roced%re as necessar,. .1/ T!e variation is %nrelated to "actors .ot!er t!an t!e s%r#ical 'roced%res t!e&selves/ t!at in"l%ence t!e incidence o" diseases "or !ic! s%r#er, &i#!t be considered. .C/ T!ere are several cate#ories o" s%r#ical 'roced%re .ot!er t!an !,sterecto&ies9 'rostatecto&ies9 and tonsillecto&ies/ t!at are o"ten 'er"or&ed %nnecessaril,. .3/ $or certain s%r#ical 'roced%res9 it is di""ic%lt to deter&ine a"ter t!e o'eration !et!er t!e 'roced%res ere necessar, or !et!er alternative treat&ent o%ld !ave s%cceeded. .E/ 6it! res'ect to !o o"ten t!e, are 'er"or&ed %nnecessaril,9 !,sterecto&ies9 'rostatecto&ies9 and tonsillecto&ies are re'resentative o" s%r#ical 'roced%res in #eneral. 1B. Researc!ers !ave "o%nd t!at !en ver, over ei#!t 'eo'le9 !o tend to !ave relativel, lo &etabolic rates9 lose ei#!t 'ri&aril, t!ro%#! dietin#9 t!eir &etabolis&s #enerall, re&ain %nc!an#ed. T!e, ill t!%s b%rn si#ni"icantl, "e er calories at t!e ne ei#!t t!an do 'eo'le !ose ei#!t is nor&all, at t!at level. S%c! ne l, t!in 'ersons ill9 t!ere"ore9 %lti&atel, re#ain ei#!t %ntil t!eir bod, si)e a#ain &atc!es t!eir &etabolic rate. T!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent above de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Relativel, "e ver, over ei#!t 'eo'le !o !ave dieted do n to a ne ei#!t tend to contin%e to cons%&e s%bstantiall, "e er calories t!an do 'eo'le !ose nor&al ei#!t is at t!at level. .1/ T!e &etabolis&s o" 'eo'le !o are %s%all, not over ei#!t are &%c! &ore able to var, t!an t!e &etabolis&s o" 'eo'le !o !ave been ver, over ei#!t. .C/ T!e a&o%nt o" calories t!at a 'erson %s%all, b%rns in a da, is deter&ined &ore b, t!e a&o%nt t!at is cons%&ed t!at da, t!an b, t!e c%rrent ei#!t o" t!e individ%al. .3/ Researc!ers !ave not ,et deter&ined !et!er t!e &etabolic rates o" "or&erl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<I

ver, over ei#!t individ%als can be accelerated b, &eans o" c!e&ical a#ents. .E/ 1eca%se o" t!e constanc, o" t!eir &etabolic rates9 'eo'le !o are at t!eir %s%al ei#!t nor&all, !ave as &%c! di""ic%lt, #ainin# ei#!t as t!e, do losin# it. 1H. In 1HBA sin%sitis as t!e &ost co&&on c!ronic &edical condition in t!e =nited States9 "ollo ed b, art!ritis and !i#! blood 'ress%re9 in t!at order. T!e incidence rates "or bot! art!ritis and !i#! blood 'ress%re increase it! a#e9 b%t t!e incidence rate "or sin%sitis is t!e sa&e "or 'eo'le o" all a#es. T!e avera#e a#e o" t!e =nited States 'o'%lation ill increase bet een 1HBA and 5III. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be &ost 'ro'erl, dra n abo%t c!ronic &edical conditions in t!e =nited States "ro& t!e in"or&ation #iven above.A/ Sin%sitis ill be &ore co&&on t!an eit!er art!ritis or !i#! blood 'ress%re in 5III. .1/ Art!ritis ill be t!e &ost co&&on c!ronic &edical condition in 5III. .C/ T!e avera#e a#e o" 'eo'le s%""erin# "ro& sin%sitis ill increase bet een 1HBA and 5III. .3/ $e er 'eo'le ill s%""er "ro& sin%sitis in 5III t!an s%""ered "ro& it in 1HBA. .E/ A &a+orit, o" t!e 'o'%lation ill s%""er "ro& at least one o" t!e &edical conditions &entioned above b, t!e ,ear 5III. 5I. Farasitic as's la, t!eir e##s directl, into t!e e##s o" vario%s !ost insects in e(actl, t!e ri#!t n%&bers "or an, s%itable si)e o" !ost e##. I" t!e, laid too &an, e##s in a !ost e##9 t!e develo'in# as' larvae o%ld co&'ete it! eac! ot!er to t!e deat! "or n%trients and s'ace. I" too "e e##s ere laid9 'ortions o" t!e !ost e## o%ld deca,9 killin# t!e as' larvae. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can 'ro'erl, be dra n "ro& t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e si)e o" t!e s&allest !ost e## t!at a as' co%ld t!eoreticall, 'arasiti)e can be deter&ined "ro& t!e as's e##8la,in# be!avior. .1/ :ost insects lack an, e""ective de"enses a#ainst t!e "or& o" 'redation 'racticed b, 'arasitic as's. .C/ Farasitic as's learn "ro& e('erience !o &an, e##s to la, into t!e e##s o" di""erent !ost s'ecies. .3/ $ail%re to la, eno%#! e##s o%ld lead to t!e deat! o" t!e develo'in# as' larvae &ore 0%ickl, t!an o%ld la,in# too &an, e##s. .E/ Farasitic as's %se vis%al cl%es to calc%late t!e si)e o" a !ost e##. TEST 1I 30 Minutes 20 Questions http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<1

1.

In 1HB@ in t!e co%ntr, o" Alissia9 "ar&ers bro%#!t to &arket a broccoli cro' t!at as one8and8a8!al" ti&es as lar#e as t!e 1HB@ broccoli cro' in its nei#!bor co%ntr,9 1arbera. *et total 0%antities o" broccoli available "or sale to cons%&ers in Alissia ere s&aller t!an ere total 0%antities in 1arbera in 1HB@. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 in 1HB@9 contrib%tes &ost to an e('lanation o" !, t!ere as less broccoli available "or sale to cons%&ers in Alissia t!an in 1arbera.A/ 1arberas "ar&ers 'rod%ced &%c! &ore cabba#e t!an did Alissias "ar&ers. .1/ 1arberas "ar&ers 'rod%ced "e er !eads o" broccoli 'er acre t!an did Alissias "ar&ers. .C/ Alissia e('orted a &%c! !i#!er 'ro'ortion o" its broccoli cro' t!an did 1arbera. .3/ 1roccoli as &%c! &ore 'o'%lar a&on# cons%&ers in Alissia t!an in 1arbera. .E/ Alissia !ad &ore land s%itable "or #ro in# broccoli t!an did 1arbera.

5.

A &an%"act%rer o" &ens dress socks so%#!t to increase 'ro"its b, increasin# sales. T!e si)e o" its c%sto&er 'ool as re&ainin# stead,9 it! t!e avera#e c%sto&er b%,in# t elve 'airs o" dress socks 'er ,ear. T!e co&'an,s 'lan as to increase t!e n%&ber o" 'ro&otional disco%nt8sale 'eriods to one ever, si( &ont!s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it is a realistic 'ossibilit,9 casts t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e viabilit, o" t!e co&'an,s 'lan.A/ 2e &an%"act%rin# ca'acit, o%ld not be re0%ired i" t!e co&'an, ere to increase t!e n%&ber o" 'airs o" socks sold. .1/ Inventor, stocks o" &erc!andise read, "or sale o%ld be !i#! 'recedin# t!e increase in t!e n%&ber o" disco%nt8sale 'eriods. .C/ T!e &an%"act%rers co&'etitors o%ld &atc! its disco%nts d%rin# sale 'eriods9 and its c%sto&ers o%ld learn to ait "or t!ose ti&es to &ake t!eir '%rc!ases. .3/ 2e st,les and colors o%ld increase c%sto&ers conscio%sness o" "as!ion in dress socks9 b%t t!e c%sto&ers re0%ire&ents "or older st,les and colors o%ld not be red%ced. .E/ T!e cost o" t!e &an%"act%rers ra &aterials o%ld re&ain stead,9 and its c%sto&ers o%ld !ave &ore dis'osable inco&e.

<.

Frevio%s st%dies !ave indicated t!at eatin# c!ocolate increases t!e likeli!ood o" #ettin# !eart disease. :o ever9 a ne 9 &ore reliable st%d, !as indicated t!at eatin# c!ocolate does not increase t!e likeli!ood o" #ettin# !eart disease. 6!en t!e res%lts o" t!e ne st%d, beco&e kno n9 cons%&'tion o" c!ocolate ill %ndo%btedl, increase. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e concl%sion above is http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<5

based.A/ Most 'eo'le !o eat a #reat deal o" c!ocolate ill not #et !eart disease. .1/ Alt!o%#! t!e, believe t!at eatin# c!ocolate increases t!e likeli!ood o" #ettin# !eart disease9 so&e 'eo'le still eat as &%c! c!ocolate as t!e, ant. .C/ Feo'le !o !ave !eard t!at eatin# c!ocolate increases t!e likeli!ood o" #ettin# !eart disease do not believe it. .3/ T!ere are 'eo'le !o c%rrentl, eat as &%c! c!ocolate as t!e, ant beca%se t!e, !ave not !eard t!at eatin# c!ocolate increases t!e likeli!ood o" #ettin# !eart disease. .E/ T!ere are 'eo'le !o c%rrentl, li&it t!eir cons%&'tion o" c!ocolate onl, beca%se t!e, believe t!at eatin# c!ocolate increases t!e likeli!ood o" #ettin# !eart disease. C. T!e "ossil record s!o s t!at t!e cli&ate o" 2ort! A&erica ar&ed and dried at t!e end o" t!e Fleistocene 'eriod. Most o" t!e s'ecies o" lar#e &a&&als t!en livin# on t!e continent beca&e e(tinct9 b%t t!e s&aller &a&&alian s'ecies s%rvived. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e best basis "or an e('lanation o" t!e contrast described above bet een s'ecies o" lar#e &a&&als and s'ecies o" s&all &a&&als.A/ Individ%al lar#e &a&&als can9 in #eneral9 travel "%rt!er t!an s&all &a&&als and so are &ore able to &i#rate in searc! o" a !os'itable environ&ent. .1/ T!e sa&e 'attern o" co&'arative s%ccess in s&aller9 as o''osed to lar#er9 s'ecies t!at is observed in &a&&als is also "o%nd in bird s'ecies o" t!e sa&e 'eriod. .C/ T!e "ossil record "ro& t!e end o" Fleistocene 'eriod is as clear "or s&all &a&&als as it is "or lar#e &a&&als. .3/ Lar#er &a&&als !ave #reater "ood and s'ace re0%ire&ents t!an s&aller &a&&als and are t!%s less able to it!stand environ&ental c!an#e. .E/ Man, &ore o" t!e s'ecies o" lar#er &a&&als t!an o" t!e s'ecies o" s&aller &a&&als livin# in 2ort! A&erica in t!at 'eriod !ad ori#inated in cli&ates t!at ere ar&er t!an as t!at o" 2ort! A&erica be"ore t!e end o" t!e Fleistocene 'eriod. @. 1on%ses at 3SR Ind%stries cannot be a arded %nless 'ro"its e(ceed a ten 'ercent ret%rn on stock!olders invest&ents in t!e co&'an,. :i#!er 'ro"its &ean !i#!er bon%ses. T!ere"ore9 bon%ses in a ,ear o" #eneral econo&ic recession ill be considerabl, lo er t!an bon%ses in a ,ear o" 'eak 'ro"its at 3SR. T!e concl%sion above de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ t!e "ir& ill !ave relativel, lo 'ro"its in recession ,ears .1/ t!e a&o%nt re'resented b, a ten 'ercent ret%rn on stock!olders invest&ents in t!e co&'an, ill increase "ro& ,ear to ,ear http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<<

.C/ 'ro"its rarel, e(ceed a ten 'ercent ret%rn on stock!olders invest&ents in t!e co&'an, .3/ 'ro"its in e(cess o" a ten 'ercent ret%rn on stock!olders invest&ents in t!e co&'an, are all distrib%ted in t!e "or& o" bon%ses .E/ bon%ses at 3SR never dro' to )ero Questions &-' are based on the following. S%itable !abitats "or #ra, olves !ave #reatl, di&inis!ed in area. In s'ite o" t!is "act9 t!e &ost sensible co%rse o%ld be to re"rain "ro& reestablis!in# #ra, olves in 'laces !ere 'revio%sl, t!e, !ave been !%nted o%t o" e(istence. Strivin# to brin# back t!ese ani&als to 'laces !ere t!e, ill onl, "ace let!al !%&an !ostilit, is i&&oral. G. T!e ar#%&ent above de'ends on .A/ an a''eal to an a%t!orit, .1/ a belie" t!at #ra, olves are dan#ero%s to !%&an bein#s and livestock .C/ an ass%&'tion t!at t o events t!at occ%r to#et!er &%st be ca%sall, connected .3/ an ass%&'tion t!at t!e "%t%re ill be like t!e 'ast .E/ a t!reat o" violence a#ainst t!ose 'ersons 'resentin# t!e o''osin# vie A. T!e ar#%&ent above o%ld be &ost si#ni"icantl, eakened i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ere tr%e.A/ E""ective la s a#ainst t!e !%ntin# o" #ra, olves !ave been enacted. .1/ Ranc!ers9 "ar&ers9 and !%nters still !ave an in#rained bias a#ainst #ra, olves. .C/ 1, t!e 1H<Is bo%nt, !%nters !ad e(ter&inated &ost o" t!e #ra, olves in t!e =nited States. .3/ Fro#ra&s "or increasin# t!e #ra, ol" 'o'%lation are not aided b, "ederal la s t!at re0%ire t!e licensin# o" !%nters o" certain 'redators. .E/ S%##ested 'ro#ra&s "or increasin# t!e #ra, ol" 'o'%lation !ave been critici)ed b, environ&entalists and biolo#ists. B. $or t!e sa"et,8conscio%s S edis! &arket9 a =nited States &an%"act%rer o" deskto' co&'%ters develo'ed a s'ecial dis'la, screen t!at 'rod%ces a &%c! eaker electro&a#netic "ield s%rro%ndin# t!e %ser t!an do ordinar, screens. 3es'ite an advanta#e in t!is res'ect over its co&'etitors9 t!e &an%"act%rer is introd%cin# t!e screen into t!e =nited States &arket it!o%t advertisin# it as a sa"et, i&'rove&ent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides a rationale "or t!e &an%"act%rers a''roac! to advertisin# t!e screen in t!e =nited States.A/ Man, &ore deskto' co&'%ters are sold eac! ,ear in t!e =nited States &arket t!an are sold in t!e S edis! &arket. .1/ T!e &an%"act%rer does not ant its co&'etitors to beco&e a are o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<C

&eans b, !ic! t!e co&'an, !as ac!ieved t!is advance in tec!nolo#,. .C/ Most b%siness and scienti"ic '%rc!asers o" deskto' co&'%ters e('ect to re'lace s%c! e0%i'&ent event%all, as better tec!nolo#, beco&es available on t!e &arket. .3/ An e&'!asis on t!e co&'arative sa"et, o" t!e ne screen o%ld call into 0%estion t!e sa"et, o" t!e &an, screens t!e &an%"act%rer !as alread, sold in t!e =nited States. .E/ Concern !as been e('ressed in t!e =nited States over t!e !ealt! e""ects o" t!e lar#e electro&a#netic "ields s%rro%ndin# electric 'o er lines. H. In t!e s%b%rbs s%rro%ndin# Middleto n9 t!ere is an avera#e o" 5.C a%to&obiles 'er "a&il,9 and t!%s ver, "e s%b%rban residents %se '%blic b%ses. T!e s%b%rban co&&%nities9 t!ere"ore9 o%ld derive little bene"it "ro& contin%in# to s%bsidi)e t!e 'ortion o" Middleto ns '%blic b%s s,ste& t!at serves t!e s%b%rbs. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ T!e real8estate ta( rate in Middleto n is !i#!er t!an it is in t!e s%b%rbs. .1/ Last ,ear voters in t!e s%b%rban co&&%nities de"eated b, a narro &ar#in a bill desi#ned to increase s%bsidies "or '%blic b%s ro%tes. .C/ Man, s%b%rban s!o's can attract eno%#! e&'lo,ees to re&ain in b%siness onl, beca%se s%bsidi)ed '%blic trans'ortation "ro& Middleto n is available. .3/ F%blic b%ses o'erated it! less t!an a <@ 'ercent occ%'anc, rate 'rod%ce &ore 'oll%tion 'er 'assen#er &ile t!an o%ld t!e o'eration o" 'rivate a%to&obiles "or eac! 'assen#er. .E/ Most voters in Middleto ns s%b%rban co&&%nities are %n illin# to contin%e s%bsidies "or '%blic b%ses ne(t ,ear i" riders!i' on t!ose b%ses dro's belo c%rrent levels. 1I. An, ta( relie" received b, t!e solar ind%str, o%ld not bene"it t!e !o&eo ner !o installs a solar8ener#, s,ste&. Even t!o%#! !o&eo ners o%ld 'a, a lo er 'rice "or solar8ener#, s,ste& installations beca%se o" t!is ta( relie"9 it! t!e #overn&ent 'a,in# t!e balance9 #overn&ent reven%es co&e "ro& t!e '%blic. T!e ar#%&ent above is based on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ T!e ta( relie" o%ld ca%se t!e !o&eo ner to lose9 t!ro%#! ta(es or red%ced #overn&ent bene"its or bot!9 an a&o%nt at least e0%al to t!e red%ction in t!e 'rice o" t!at !o&eo ners solar8ener#, s,ste& installation. .1/ T!e ta( relie" t!at o%ld be received b, solar8ener#, ind%stries o%ld not be o""ered at t!e sa&e ti&e as an, ta( relie" "or ot!er ind%stries. .C/ Advertise&ents o" t!e solar8ener#, ind%str,9 b, "ailin# to identi", t!e so%rce o" #overn&ent reven%es e('licitl, to t!e '%blic9 &ask t!e advanta#e t!e ind%str, receives "ro& t!e '%blic. .3/ :o&eo ners #enerall, believe t!at t!e, bene"it "ro& an, ta( relie" o""ered http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<@

to t!e solar8ener#, ind%str,. .E/ Ta( relie" o%ld enco%ra#e solar ind%stries to sell solar8ener#, s,ste&s at !i#!er 'rices. 11. Less t!an @I 'ercent o" a certain tro'ical co%ntr,s ildlands re&ains intact. E""orts are %nder a, to restore biolo#ical diversit, in t!at co%ntr, b, restorin# so&e destro,ed ild !abitats and e(tendin# so&e relativel, intact 'ortions o" "orests. :o ever9 o''onents ar#%e t!at t!ese e""orts are not needed beca%se t!ere is still 'lent, o" ildland le"t. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost si#ni"icantl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent o" t!e o''onents o" conservation e""orts.A/ As &%c!9 i" not &ore9 e""ort is re0%ired to restore a ild !abitat as to 'reserve an intact !abitat. .1/ T!e o''onents o" restoration e""orts are9 "or t!e &ost 'art9 &e&bers o" t!e ealt!ier classes in t!eir o n villa#es and cities. .C/ E(istin# conservation la s !ave been ver, e""ective in 'reservin# biolo#ical diversit, it!in t!e ildlands t!at re&ain intact. .3/ $or &an, tro'ical s'ecies native to t!at co%ntr,9 t!e tro'ical ildlands t!at are still relativel, intact do not 'rovide a''ro'riate !abitats "or re'rod%ction. .E/ I" a s%itable 'o'%lation o" 'lants and ani&als is introd%ced and is 'er&itted to dis'erse and #ro 9 tro'ical !abitats can &ost certainl, be restored. 15. A st%d, co&'arin# a #ro%' o" c!ronicall, de'ressed individ%als it! an ot!er ise &atc!ed #ro%' o" individ%als "ree "ro& de'ression "o%nd si#ni"icantl, &ore disorders o" t!e i&&%ne s,ste& a&on# t!e de'ressed #ro%'. Accordin# to t!e researc!ers9 t!ese res%lts stron#l, s%''ort t!e !,'ot!esis t!at &ental states in"l%ence t!e bod,s v%lnerabilit, to in"ection. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e researc!ers inter'retation o" t!eir "indin#s.A/ T!e researc!ers vie does little &ore t!an ec!o a "a&iliar t!e&e in "olklore and literat%re. .1/ C!ronicall, de'ressed individ%als are no less care"%l t!an ot!ers to avoid e('os%re to in"ections. .C/ 3isorders o" t!e i&&%ne s,ste& ca%se &an, o" t!ose individ%als !o !ave t!e& to beco&e c!ronicall, de'ressed. .3/ Individ%als !o !ave 'revio%sl, been "ree "ro& de'ression can beco&e de'ressed 0%ite s%ddenl,. .E/ A !i#! "re0%enc, o" in"ections can ste& "ro& an %n%s%all, !i#! level o" e('os%re rat!er t!an "ro& an, disorder o" t!e i&&%ne s,ste&. 1<. E('orts o" =nited States ood '%l' ill rise considerabl, d%rin# t!is ,ear. T!e

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<G

reason "or t!e rise is t!at t!e "allin# val%e o" t!e dollar ill &ake it c!ea'er "or 'a'er &an%"act%rers in Ja'an and 6estern E%ro'e to b%, A&erican ood '%l' t!an to #et it "ro& an, ot!er so%rce. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade in dra in# t!e concl%sion above.A/ $actor, o%t'%t o" 'a'er 'rod%cts in Ja'an and 6estern E%ro'e ill increase s!ar'l, d%rin# t!is ,ear. .1/ T!e 0%alit, o" t!e ood '%l' 'rod%ced in t!e =nited States o%ld be ade0%ate "or t!e '%r'oses o" Ja'anese and 6estern E%ro'ean 'a'er &an%"act%rers. .C/ Fa'er &an%"act%rers in Ja'an and 6estern E%ro'e o%ld 're"er to %se ood '%l' 'rod%ced in t!e =nited States i" cost ere not a "actor. .3/ 3e&and "or 'a'er 'rod%cts &ade in Ja'an and 6estern E%ro'e ill not increase s!ar'l, d%rin# t!is ,ear. .E/ Frod%ction o" ood '%l' b, =nited States co&'anies ill not increase s!ar'l, d%rin# t!is ,ear. 1C. A co&'an,s 'ersonnel director s%rve,ed e&'lo,ees abo%t t!eir satis"action it! t!e co&'an,s s,ste& "or a ardin# e&'lo,ee 'er"or&ance ratin#s. T!e s%rve, data indicated t!at e&'lo,ees !o received !i#! ratin#s ere ver, satis"ied it! t!e s,ste&. T!e 'ersonnel director concl%ded "ro& t!ese data t!at t!e co&'an,s best8'er"or&in# e&'lo,ees liked t!e s,ste&. T!e 'ersonnel directors concl%sion ass%&es !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 2o ot!er 'er"or&ance ratin# s,ste& is as #ood as t!e c%rrent s,ste&. .1/ T!e co&'an,s best8'er"or&in# e&'lo,ees received !i#! ratin#s. .C/ E&'lo,ees !o received lo ratin#s ere dissatis"ied it! t!e s,ste&. .3/ E&'lo,ees !o receive !i#! ratin#s "ro& a 'er"or&ance8ratin# s,ste& ill like t!at s,ste&. .E/ T!e co&'an,s best8'er"or&in# e&'lo,ees ere &otivated to 'er"or& ell b, t!e kno led#e t!at t!e, o%ld receive 'er"or&ance ratin#s. 1@. In Ar#onia t!e avera#e rate drivers 'a, "or car accident ins%rance is re#%lated to allo ins%rance co&'anies to &ake a reasonable 'ro"it. =nder t!e re#%lations9 t!e rate an, individ%al driver 'a,s never de'ends on t!e act%al distance driven b, t!at driver eac! ,ear. T!ere"ore9 Ar#onians !o drive less t!an avera#e 'artiall, s%bsidi)e t!e ins%rance o" t!ose !o drive &ore t!an avera#e. T!e concl%sion above o%ld be 'ro'erl, dra n i" it ere also tr%e t!at in Ar#onia .A/ t!e avera#e accident ins%rance rate "or all drivers rises !enever a s%bstantial n%&ber o" ne drivers b%, ins%rance .1/ t!e avera#e cost to ins%rance co&'anies o" ins%rin# drivers !o drive less t!an t!e ann%al avera#e is less t!an t!e avera#e cost o" ins%rin# drivers !o drive &ore t!an t!e ann%al avera#e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<A

.C/ t!e lo er t!e a#e o" a driver9 t!e !i#!er t!e ins%rance rate 'aid b, t!at driver .3/ ins%rance co&'an, 'ro"its o%ld rise s%bstantiall, i" drivers ere classi"ied in ter&s o" t!e act%al n%&ber o" &iles t!e, drive eac! ,ear .E/ drivers !o !ave ca%sed ins%rance co&'anies to 'a, costl, clai&s #enerall, 'a, ins%rance rates t!at are e0%al to or lo er t!an t!ose 'aid b, ot!er drivers 1G. In t!e 1HAIs t!ere as an overs%''l, o" colle#e #rad%ates. T!e overs%''l, ca%sed t!e avera#e ann%al inco&e o" colle#e #rad%ates to "all to a level onl, 1B 'ercent #reater t!an t!at o" orkers it! onl, !i#! sc!ool di'lo&as. 1, t!e late 1HBIs t!e avera#e ann%al inco&e o" colle#e #rad%ates as C< 'ercent !i#!er t!an t!at o" orkers it! onl, !i#! sc!ool di'lo&as9 even t!o%#! bet een t!e 1HAIs and t!e late 1HBIs t!e s%''l, o" colle#e #rad%ates did not decrease. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 in t!e late 1HBIs9 best reconciles t!e a''arent discre'anc, described above.A/ T!e econo&, slo ed9 t!%s creatin# a decreased de&and "or colle#e #rad%ates. .1/ T!e 0%alit, o" !i#! sc!ool ed%cation i&'roved. .C/ Co&'ared to t!e 1HAIs9 a #reater n%&ber o" !i#! sc!ools o""ered vocational #%idance 'ro#ra&s "or t!eir st%dents. .3/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" t!e 'o'%lation it! at least a colle#e8level ed%cation increased. .E/ T!ere as "or t!e "irst ti&e in 5I ,ears an overs%''l, o" +ob seekers it! onl, !i#! sc!ool di'lo&as. 1A. 6orkin# s!orter ork eeks ca%ses &ana#ers to "eel less stress t!an does orkin# lon#er ork eeks. In addition9 #reater 'erceived control over ones ork li"e red%ces stress levels. It can be concl%ded9 t!ere"ore9 t!at s!orter ork eeks ca%se &ana#ers to "eel t!e, !ave &ore control over t!eir ork li"e. T!e ar#%&ent &ade above %ses !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estionable tec!ni0%es.A/ Associatin# t o conditions as ca%se and e""ect on t!e basis o" t!eir bein# ca%sall, associated it! t!e sa&e '!eno&enon .1/ Takin# "or #ranted t!at t o "actors t!at !ave a certain e""ect individ%all, 'rod%ce t!at e""ect &ore stron#l, !en bot! act to#et!er .C/ Ass%&in# !at it sets o%t to 'rove .3/ =sin# an irrelevant 'oint in order to dra a concl%sion .E/ 1asin# a concl%sion on 'reconceived vie s abo%t t!e needs o" &ana#ers 1B. T!ere are "%nda&entall, t o 'ossible c!an#es in an econo&, t!at ill eac! ca%se in"lation %nless ot!er co&'ensatin# c!an#es also occ%r. T!ese c!an#es are eit!er red%ctions in t!e s%''l, o" #oods and services or increases in de&and. In a 'rebankin# econo&, t!e 0%antit, o" &one, available9 and !ence t!e level o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<B

de&and9 is e0%ivalent to t!e 0%antit, o" #old available. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!en it is also tr%e t!at in a 'rebankin# econo&, .A/ an, in"lation is t!e res%lt o" red%ctions in t!e s%''l, o" #oods and services .1/ i" ot!er "actors in t!e econo&, are %nc!an#ed9 increasin# t!e 0%antit, o" #old available ill lead to in"lation .C/ i" t!ere is a red%ction in t!e 0%antit, o" #old available9 t!en9 ot!er t!in#s bein# e0%al9 in"lation &%st res%lt .3/ t!e 0%antit, o" #oods and services '%rc!asable b, a #iven a&o%nt o" #old is constant .E/ !atever c!an#es in de&and occ%r9 t!ere ill be co&'ensatin# c!an#es in t!e s%''l, o" #oods and services 1H. Ind%strialists "ro& t!e co%ntr, 3isto'ia ere acc%sed o" 'ro&otin# t!e 3isto'ian intervention in t!e Arcadian civil ar &erel, to ins%re t!at t!e ind%strialists "acilities in Arcadia &ade s%bstantial 'ro"its d%rin# t!e ar. *et t!is cannot be t!e &otive since9 as t!e 3isto'ians "oresa 9 3isto'ias "ederal e('enses "or t!e intervention ere ei#!t billion dollars9 !ereas9 d%rin# t!e ar9 'ro"its "ro& t!e 3isto'ian ind%strialists "acilities in Arcadia totaled onl, "o%r billion dollars. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 e('oses a serio%s "la in t!e ar#%&ent &ade in t!e second sentence above.A/ 3%rin# t!e Arcadian ar9 &an, 3isto'ian ind%strialists it! "acilities located in Arcadia e('erienced a si#ni"icant rise in 'rod%ctivit, in t!eir "acilities located in 3isto'ia. .1/ T!e lar#est 'ro'ortion o" 3isto'ias "ederal e('enses is borne b, t!ose !o receive no si#ni"icant ind%strial 'ro"its. .C/ Most 3isto'ian ind%strialists "acilities located in Arcadia are e('ected to &aintain t!e level o" 'ro"its t!e, ac!ieved d%rin# t!e ar. .3/ 3isto'ian ind%strialists "acilities in Arcadia &ade s%bstantial 'ro"its be"ore t!e events t!at tri##ered t!e civil ar. .E/ Man, 3isto'ians e('ressed concern over t!e s%""erin# t!at Arcadians %nder ent d%rin# t!e civil ar. 5I. In t!e =nited States9 in+%ries to 'assen#ers involved in a%to&obile accidents are t,'icall, &ore severe t!an in E%ro'e9 !ere la s re0%ire a di""erent kind o" sa"et, belt. It is clear "ro& t!is t!at t!e =nited States needs to ado't &ore strin#ent standards "or sa"et, belt desi#n to 'rotect a%to&obile 'assen#ers better. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e ar#%&ent above EECEFT: .A/ E%ro'eans are &ore likel, to ear sa"et, belts t!an are 'eo'le in t!e =nited States. .1/ =nlike =nited States drivers9 E%ro'ean drivers receive trainin# in !o best to react in t!e event o" an accident to &ini&i)e in+%ries to t!e&selves and to t!eir 'assen#ers. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1<H

.C/ Cars b%ilt "or t!e E%ro'ean &arket tend to !ave &ore st%rd, constr%ction t!an do cars b%ilt "or t!e =nited States &arket. .3/ A%to&obile 'assen#ers in t!e =nited States !ave a #reater statistical c!ance o" bein# involved in an accident t!an do 'assen#ers in E%ro'e. .E/ States t!at !ave recentl, be#%n re0%irin# t!e E%ro'ean sa"et, belt !ave e('erienced no red%ction in t!e avera#e severit, o" in+%ries s%""ered b, 'assen#ers in a%to&obile accidents. TEST 11 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. T!e sc!ool board !as deter&ined t!at it is necessar, to red%ce t!e n%&ber o" teac!ers on t!e sta"". Rat!er t!an decidin# !ic! teac!ers ill be laid o"" on t!e basis o" seniorit,9 t!e sc!ool board 'lans to la, o"" t!e least e""ective teac!ers "irst. T!e sc!ool boards 'lan ass%&es t!at .A/ t!ere is a a, o" deter&inin# t!e e""ectiveness o" teac!ers .1/ !at one individ%al de"ines as e""ective teac!in# ill not be de"ined as e""ective teac!in# b, anot!er individ%al .C/ t!ose it! t!e &ost e('erience teac!in# are t!e best teac!ers .3/ t!ose teac!ers !o are 'aid t!e &ost are #enerall, t!e &ost 0%ali"ied .E/ so&e teac!ers ill be &ore e""ective orkin# it! so&e st%dents t!an it! ot!er st%dents 5. Since a''lied scienti"ic researc! is re0%ired "or tec!nolo#ical advance&ent9 &an, !ave ri#!tl, %r#ed an increased e&'!asis in %niversities on a''lied researc!. 1%t e &%st not #ive too little attention to basic researc!9 even t!o%#! it &a, !ave no "oreseeable a''lication9 "or to&orro s a''lied researc! ill de'end on t!e basic researc! o" toda,. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be &ost reliabl, in"erred.A/ I" "%t%re tec!nolo#ical advance&ent is desired9 basic researc! s!o%ld receive #reater e&'!asis t!an a''lied researc!. .1/ I" basic researc! is val%ed in %niversities9 a''lied researc! s!o%ld be #iven less e&'!asis t!an it c%rrentl, !as. .C/ I" "%t%re tec!nolo#ical advance&ent is desired9 researc! s!o%ld be li&ited to t!at it! so&e "oreseeable a''lication. .3/ I" too little attention is #iven to basic researc! toda,9 "%t%re tec!nolo#ical advance&ent ill be +eo'ardi)ed. .E/ I" tec!nolo#ical advance&ent is #iven ins%""icient e&'!asis9 basic researc! ill also receive too little attention. <. T!e $irst 1ankin# Gro%'s decision to invest in an electronic net ork "or http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1CI

trans"errin# "%nds as based on a cost advanta#e over a nonelectronic s,ste& o" abo%t ten dollars 'er transaction in %sin# an electronic s,ste&. E(ec%tives reasoned "%rt!er t!at t!e s,ste& o%ld #ive t!e& an advanta#e over co&'etitors. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it is a realistic 'ossibilit,9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e e(ec%tives 'ro+ection o" an advanta#e over co&'etitors.A/ T!e cost advanta#e o" %sin# t!e electronic s,ste& ill not increase s%""icientl, to &atc! t!e 'ace o" in"lation. .1/ Co&'etitors ill "or t!e sa&e reasons install electronic s,ste&s9 and t!e res%ltin# overca'acit, ill lead to &%t%all, da&a#in# 'rice ars. .C/ T!e electronic s,ste& ill 'rovide a &eans "or "aster trans"er o" "%nds9 i" t!e $irst 1ankin# Gro%' is!es to 'rovide "aster trans"er to its c%sto&ers. .3/ Lar#e banks "ro& o%tside t!e area served b, t!e $irst 1ankin# Gro%' !ave recentl, establis!ed branc!es in t!at area as co&'etitors to t!e $irst 1ankin# Gro%'. .E/ E0%i'&ent %sed in t!e electronic net ork "or trans"errin# "%nds ill be co&'atible it! e0%i'&ent %sed in ot!er s%c! net orks. C. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e ar#%&ent belo 7ne e""ect o" t!e introd%ction o" t!e electric re"ri#erator as a colla'se in t!e &arket "or ice. $or&erl, !o%se!olders !ad bo%#!t ice to kee' t!eir icebo(es cool and t!e "ood stored in t!e icebo(es "res!. 2o t!e icebo(es cool t!e&selves. Si&ilarl,9 t!e introd%ction o" cro's #eneticall, en#ineered to be resistant to 'ests ill;;;;;; .A/ increase t!e si)e o" cro' !arvests .1/ increase t!e cost o" seeds .C/ red%ce de&and "or c!e&ical 'esticides .3/ red%ce t!e val%e o" "ar&land .E/ red%ce t!e n%&ber o" "ar&ers kee'in# livestock @. In 1HB@ t!e cit,s $ine Arts M%se%& sold <I9III sin#le8entr, tickets. In 1HBG t!e cit,s $olk Arts and Interior 3esi#n &%se%&s o'ened9 and t!ese t!ree &%se%&s to#et!er sold over BI9III s%c! tickets t!at ,ear. T!ese &%se%&s ere ort! t!e cost9 since &ore t!an t ice as &an, citi)ens are no en+o,in# t!e arts. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e a%t!ors assertion t!at &ore t!an t ice as &an, citi)ens are no en+o,in# t!e arts.A/ Most visitors to one &%se%& also visit t!e ot!er t o. .1/ T!e cost o" b%ildin# t!e &%se%&s ill not be covered b, reven%es #enerated b, t!e sale o" &%se%& tickets. .C/ As t!e t o ne &%se%&s beco&e better kno n9 even &ore citi)ens ill visit t!e&. .3/ T!e cit,s $ine Arts M%se%& did not e('erience a decrease in sin#le8entr, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1C1

tickets sold in 1HBG. .E/ $e er &%se%& entr, tickets ere sold in 1HBG t!an t!e &%se%& 'lanners !ad !o'ed to sell. G. $: 6e o%#!t not to test t!e sa"et, o" ne dr%#s on sentient ani&als9 s%c! as do#s and rabbits. 7%r bene"it &eans t!eir 'ain9 and t!e, are e0%al to %s in t!e ca'acit, to "eel 'ain. G: 6e &%st carr, o%t s%c! testsD ot!er ise9 e o%ld irres'onsibl, sacri"ice t!e !%&an lives t!at co%ld !ave been saved b, t!e dr%#s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e best ob+ection t!at co%ld be &ade "ro& $s 'oint o" vie to co%nter Gs 'oint.A/ Even t!o%#! it is not necessar, "or 'eo'le to %se cos&etics9 cos&etics are also bein# tested on sentient ani&als. .1/ Medical science alread, !as at its dis'osal a #reat n%&ber o" dr%#s and ot!er treat&ents "or serio%s illnesses. .C/ It is not 'ossible to obtain scienti"icall, ade0%ate res%lts b, testin# dr%#s in t!e test t%be9 it!o%t &akin# tests on livin# tiss%e. .3/ So&e o" t!e dr%#s to be tested o%ld save !%&an bein#s "ro& #reat 'ain. .E/ Man, tests no 'er"or&ed on sentient ani&als can be 'er"or&ed e0%all, ell on "ertili)ed c!icken e##s t!at are at a ver, earl, sta#e o" develo'&ent. A. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo T!e %ne&'lo,&ent rate in t!e =nited States "ell "ro& A.@ 'ercent in 1HB1 to G.H 'ercent in 1HBG. It cannot9 !o ever9 be 'ro'erl, concl%ded "ro& t!ese statistics t!at t!e n%&ber o" %ne&'lo,ed in 1HBG as lo er t!an it !ad been in 1HB1 beca%se;;;;;; .A/ !el'8 anted advertise&ents increased bet een 1HB1 and 1HBG .1/ &an, o" t!e !i#!8'a,in# ind%strial +obs available in 1HB1 ere re'laced b, lo 8 a#e service +obs in 1HBG9 res%ltin# in dis'lace&ents o" !%ndreds o" t!o%sands o" orkers .C/ in so&e &id estern ind%strial states9 t!e %ne&'lo,&ent rate as &%c! !i#!er in 1HBG t!an it !ad been in 1HB1 .3/ t!e total available ork "orce9 incl%din# t!ose it! and it!o%t e&'lo,&ent9 increased bet een 1HB1 and 1HBG .E/ t!e avera#e ti&e t!at e&'lo,ees sta, in an, one +ob dro''ed d%rin# t!e 'eriod 1HB1 to 1HBG B. To red%ce costs9 a co&'an, is considerin# a drastic red%ction in t!e n%&ber o" &iddle8level &ana#ers. T!is red%ction o%ld be acco&'lis!ed b, "irst o""erin# earl, retire&ent to t!ose @I ,ears o" a#e or older it! 1@ ,ears o" service9 and t!en b, "irin# eno%#! o" t!e ot!ers to brin# t!e overall red%ction to @I 'ercent. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 ass%&in# t!at it is a realistic 'ossibilit,9 is a 'ossible http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1C5

disadvanta#e to t!e co&'an, o" t!e 'lan EECEFT: .A/ Lo,alt, to t!e co&'an, ill be red%ced a&on# t!ose s%rvivin# t!e red%ction9 beca%se t!e, ill 'erceive t!e stat%s o" even #ood &ana#ers as %ncertain. .1/ T!e restr%ct%rin# o" &ana#erial +obs ill allo b%siness %nits to be ada'ted to "it a c!an#in# b%siness environ&ent. .C/ T!e co&'an, ill !ave a s&aller 'ool o" &ana#ers "ro& !ic! to c!oose in selectin# "%t%re senior &ana#ers. .3/ So&e o" t!e best &ana#ers9 %ns%re o" t!eir sec%rit, a#ainst bein# "ired9 ill c!oose earl, retire&ent. .E/ T!e increased orkload o" &ana#ers re&ainin# it! t!e co&'an, ill s%b+ect t!e& to stress t!at ill event%all, a""ect t!eir 'er"or&ance. H. In order to relieve con#estion in t!e airs'ace near t!e air'orts o" a certain co%ntr,9 trans'ortation o""icials 'ro'ose sendin# 'assen#ers b, ne ra'id trains bet een t!e co%ntr,s &a+or air'ort and several s&all cities it!in a <II8&ile radi%s o" it. T!is 'lan as 'ro'osed even t!o%#! t!e o""icials reali)ed t!at it is t!e &a+or air'ort t!at is con#ested9 not t!ose in t!e s&all cities. T!e 'lan to relieve con#estion o%ld ork best i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ere tr%e abo%t t!e &a+or air'ort.A/ Rail tickets bet een t!e air'ort and t!e s&all cities ill &ost likel, cost &ore t!an t!e c%rrent air tickets "or t!ose ro%tes. .1/ Most 'assen#ers !o "re0%entl, %se t!e air'ort 're"er to reac! t!eir cities o" destination e(cl%sivel, b, air9 even i" t!e, &%st c!an#e 'lanes t ice. .C/ T!ere are "easible c!an#es in t!e air'orts tra""ic control s,ste& !ic! o%ld si#ni"icantl, relieve con#estion. .3/ So&e o" t!e con#estion t!e air'ort e('eriences co%ld be relieved i" &ore "li#!ts ere sc!ed%led at ni#!t and at ot!er o""8'eak !o%rs. .E/ A si#ni"icant 'ro'ortion o" t!e air'orts tra""ic consists o" 'assen#ers trans"errin# bet een international "li#!ts and "li#!ts to t!e s&all cities. Questions 10-11 are based on the following. An ann%all, cond%cted9 nation ide s%rve, s!o s a contin%in# &arked decline in t!e %se o" ille#al dr%#s b, !i#! sc!ool seniors over t!e last t!ree ,ears. 1I. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts &ost do%bt on t!e relevance o" t!e s%rve, res%lts described above "or dra in# concl%sions abo%t ille#al dr%# %se in t!e teen8 a#e 'o'%lation as a !ole.A/ 1eca%se o" c%ts in "%ndin#9 no s%rve, o" ille#al dr%# %se b, !i#! sc!ool seniors ill be cond%cted ne(t ,ear. .1/ T!e decline %ncovered in t!e s%rve, !as occ%rred des'ite t!e decreasin# cost o" ille#al dr%#s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1C<

.C/ Ille#al dr%# %se b, teen8a#ers is !i#!est in t!ose areas o" t!e co%ntr, !ere teen8a#ers are least likel, to sta, in !i#! sc!ool "or t!eir senior ,ear. .3/ S%rve, 'artici'ants are &ore likel, no t!an t!e, ere t!ree ,ears a#o to describe as >!eroic? 'eo'le !o ere addicted to ille#al dr%#s and !ave been able to 0%it. .E/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" !i#! sc!ool seniors !o sa, t!at t!e, stron#l, disa''rove o" ille#al dr%# %se !as declined over t!e last t!ree ,ears. 11. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld 'rovide &ost s%''ort "or concl%din# "ro& t!e s%rve, res%lts described above t!at t!e %se o" ille#al dr%#s b, 'eo'le belo t!e a#e o" 5I is declinin#.A/ C!an#es in t!e level o" dr%# %se b, !i#! sc!ool seniors are seldo& &atc!ed b, c!an#es in t!e level o" dr%# %se b, ot!er 'eo'le belo t!e a#e o" 5I. .1/ In t!e 'ast9 !i#! sc!ool seniors ere consistentl, t!e 'o'%lation #ro%' &ost likel, to %se ille#al dr%#s and &ost likel, to %se t!e& !eavil,. .C/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" !i#! sc!ool seniors !o %se ille#al dr%#s is consistentl, ver, si&ilar to t!e 'ercenta#e o" all 'eo'le belo t!e a#e o" 5I !o %se ille#al dr%#s. .3/ T!e decline revealed b, t!e s%rve,s is t!e res%lt o" dr%# ed%cation 'ro#ra&s s'eci"icall, tar#eted at t!ose belo t!e a#e o" 5I. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" t!ose s%rve,ed !o ad&it to !avin# sold ille#al dr%#s !as declined even "aster t!an !as t!e n%&ber !o !ave %sed dr%#s. 15. Fresident o" t!e =nited States: I !ave received over 59III letters on t!is iss%e9 and t!e vast &a+orit, o" t!e& s%''ort &, c%rrent 'osition. T!ese letters 'rove t!at &ost o" t!e 'eo'le in t!e co%ntr, a#ree it! &e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e Fresidents concl%sion.A/ T!e iss%e is a ver, divisive one on !ic! &an, 'eo'le !ave stron# o'inions. .1/ So&e &e&bers o" Con#ress disa#ree it! t!e Fresidents 'osition. .C/ Feo'le !o disa#ree it! t!e Fresident "eel &ore stron#l, abo%t t!e iss%e t!an do 'eo'le !o a#ree it! !i&. .3/ Feo'le !o a#ree it! t!e Fresident are &ore likel, to rite to !i& t!an are 'eo'le !o disa#ree it! !i&. .E/ 3%rin# t!e 'residential ca&'ai#n9 t!e Fresident stated a 'osition on t!is iss%e t!at as so&e !at di""erent "ro& !is c%rrent 'osition. 1<. So&e #overn&ents !ave tried to &ake alco!ol and tobacco less attractive to cons%&ers b, re#%latin# !at can be s!o n in advertise&ents "or t!ese 'rod%cts9 rat!er t!an b, bannin# advertisin# o" t!e& alto#et!er. :o ever9 t!e need to obe, t!e letter o" t!ese restrictions !as act%all, sti&%lated advertisers to create advertise&ents t!at are &ore inventive and !%&oro%s t!an t!e, ere 'rior to t!e restrictions introd%ction.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1CC

!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld9 in con+%nction it! t!e state&ents above9 best s%''ort t!e concl%sion t!at t!e #overn&ent 'olic, described above "ails to ac!ieve its ob+ective.A/ 1eca%se o" t!e reven%es #ained "ro& t!e sale o" alco!ol and tobacco9 #overn&ents !ave no real interest in &akin# t!ese 'rod%cts less attractive to cons%&ers. .1/ Advertisers tend to create inventive and !%&oro%s advertise&ents onl, i" t!e, !ave so&e 'artic%lar reason to do so. .C/ 1annin# advertisin# o" alco!ol and tobacco is a 'artic%larl, e""ective a, o" &akin# t!ese 'rod%cts less attractive to cons%&ers. .3/ 6it! t!e 'olic, in 'lace9 advertise&ents "or alco!ol and tobacco !ave beco&e "ar &ore inventive and !%&oro%s t!an advertise&ents "or ot!er kinds o" 'rod%cts. .E/ T!e &ore inventive an advertise&ent is9 t!e &ore attractive it &akes t!e advertised 'rod%ct a''ear. 1C. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best co&'letes t!e ar#%&ent belo Co&'arisons o" t!e avera#e standards o" livin# o" t!e citi)ens o" t o co%ntries s!o%ld re"lect t!e citi)ens co&'arative access to #oods and services. Reliable "i#%res in a co%ntr,s o n c%rrenc, "or t!e avera#e inco&e o" its citi)ens are easil, obtained. 1%t it is di""ic%lt to #et an acc%rate co&'arison o" avera#e standards o" livin# "ro& t!ese "i#%res9 beca%se;;;;;; .A/ t!ere are %s%all, no "i#%res co&'arin# !o &%c! o" t o di""erent c%rrencies &%st be s'ent in order to '%rc!ase a #iven 0%antit, o" #oods and services .1/ a#e levels "or t!e sa&e +ob var, #reatl, "ro& co%ntr, to co%ntr,9 de'endin# on c%lt%ral as ell as on '%rel, econo&ic "actors .C/ t!ese "i#%res &%st be calc%lated b, dividin# t!e #ross national 'rod%ct o" a co%ntr, b, t!e si)e o" its 'o'%lation .3/ co&'arative access to #oods and services is onl, one o" several "actors relevant in deter&inin# 0%alit, o" li"e .E/ t!e ealt!9 and !ence t!e standard o" livin#9 o" a co%ntr,s citi)ens is ver, closel, related to t!eir inco&e 1@. T!e level o" lead conta&ination in =nited States rivers declined bet een 1HA@ and 1HB@. $ederal re#%lations re0%irin# a dro' in ind%strial disc!ar#es o" lead ent into e""ect in 1HA@9 b%t t!e &a+or ca%se o" t!e decline as a A@ 'ercent dro' in t!e %se o" leaded #asoline bet een 1HA@ and 1HB@. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best s%''orts t!e clai& t!at t!e &a+or ca%se o" t!e decline in t!e level o" lead conta&ination in =nited States rives as t!e decline in t!e %se o" leaded #asoline.A/ T!e level o" lead conta&ination in =nited States rivers "ell s!ar'l, in bot! 1HA@ and 1HB<. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1C@

.1/ Most o" t!e decline in ind%strial disc!ar#es o" lead occ%rred be"ore 1HAG9 b%t t!e lar#est decline in t!e level o" river conta&ination occ%rred bet een 1HBI and 1HB@. .C/ Levels o" lead conta&ination in rivers "ell s!ar'l, in 1HA@81HAG and rose ver, sli#!tl, over t!e ne(t nine ,ears. .3/ Levels o" lead conta&ination rose in t!ose rivers !ere t!ere as red%ced river "lo d%e to dro%#!t. .E/ Alt!o%#! t!e %se o" leaded #asoline declined A@ 'ercent bet een 1HA@ and 1HB@9 BI 'ercent o" t!e decline took 'lace in 1HB@. 1G. Geor#e 1ernard S!a rote: >T!at an, sane nation9 !avin# observed t!at ,o% co%ld 'rovide "or t!e s%''l, o" bread b, #ivin# bakers a 'ec%niar, interest in bakin# "or ,o%9 s!o%ld #o on to #ive a s%r#eon a 'ec%niar, interest in c%ttin# o"" ,o%r le# is eno%#! to &ake one des'air o" 'olitical !%&anit,.? S!a s state&ent o%ld best serve as an ill%stration in an ar#%&ent critici)in# !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 3entists !o 'er"or& %nnecessar, dental ork in order to earn a 'ro"it .1/ 3octors !o increase t!eir 'ro"its b, s'eciali)in# onl, in diseases t!at a""ect a lar#e 'ercenta#e o" t!e 'o'%lation .C/ Grocers !o raise t!e 'rice o" "ood in order to increase t!eir 'ro"it &ar#ins .3/ 7il co&'anies t!at decrease t!e 'rice o" t!eir oil in order to increase t!eir &arket s!are .E/ 1akers and s%r#eons !o earn a 'ro"it b, s%''l,in# ot!er 'eo'les basic needs 1A. Since 1HA@ t!ere !as been in t!e =nited States a dra&atic decline in t!e incidence o" traditional c!ild!ood diseases s%c! as &easles. T!is decline !as been acco&'anied b, an increased incidence o" Fetersons disease9 a !it!erto rare viral in"ection9 a&on# c!ildren. $e ad%lts9 !o ever9 !ave been a""ected b, t!e disease. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best !el' to e('lain t!e increased incidence o" Fetersons disease a&on# c!ildren.A/ :ereditar, "actors deter&ine in 'art t!e de#ree to !ic! a 'erson is s%sce'tible to t!e vir%s t!at ca%ses Fetersons disease. .1/ T!e decrease in traditional c!ild!ood diseases and t!e acco&'an,in# increase in Fetersons disease !ave not been "o%nd in an, ot!er co%ntr,. .C/ C!ildren !o contract &easles develo' an i&&%nit, to t!e vir%s t!at ca%ses Fetersons disease. .3/ Fersons !o did not contract &easles in c!ild!ood &i#!t contract &easles in ad%lt!ood9 in !ic! case t!e conse0%ences o" t!e disease o%ld #enerall, be &ore severe. .E/ T!ose !o !ave contracted Fetersons disease are at increased risk o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1CG

contractin# c!icken 'o(. 1B. Man, 'lant varieties %sed in ind%striall, develo'ed nations to i&'rove c%ltivated cro's co&e "ro& less develo'ed nations. 2o co&'ensation is 'aid on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e 'lants %sed are >t!e co&&on !erita#e o" !%&anit,.? S%c! reasonin# is9 !o ever9 "la ed. A"ter all9 no one s%##ests t!at coal9 oil9 and ores s!o%ld be e(tracted it!o%t 'a,&ent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best describes an as'ect o" t!e &et!od %sed b, t!e a%t!or in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e a%t!or 'roceeds "ro& a n%&ber o" s'eci"ic observations to a tentative #enerali)ation. .1/ T!e a%t!or a''lies to t!e case %nder disc%ssion "acts abo%t '!eno&ena ass%&ed to be si&ilar in so&e relevant res'ect. .C/ A 'osition is stren#t!ened b, s!o in# t!at t!e o''osite o" t!at 'osition o%ld !ave lo#icall, abs%rd conse0%ences. .3/ A line o" reasonin# is called into 0%estion on t!e #ro%nds t!at it con"%ses ca%se and e""ect in a ca%sal relation. .E/ An ar#%&ent is anal,)ed b, se'aratin# state&ents o" "act "ro& individ%al val%e +%d#&ents. 1H. It is idel, ass%&ed t!at a &%se%& is !el'ed "inanciall, !en a #enero%s 'atron donates a 'otential e(!ibit. In tr%t!9 !o ever9 donated ob+ects re0%ire stora#e s'ace9 !ic! is not "ree9 and ro%tine conservation9 !ic! is rat!er e('ensive. T!ere"ore9 s%c! #i"ts e(acerbate rat!er t!an li#!ten t!e de&ands &ade on a &%se%&s "inancial reso%rces. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ To kee' 'atrons ell dis'osed9 a &%se%& ill "ind it advisable to '%t at least so&e donated ob+ects on e(!ibit rat!er t!an &erel, in stora#e. .1/ T!e 'eo'le !o are &ost likel, to donate val%able ob+ects to a &%se%& are also t!e 'eo'le !o are &ost likel, to &ake cas! #i"ts to it. .C/ A &%se%& cannot save &one, b, resortin# to c!ea' stora#e %nder less t!an ade0%ate conditions9 beca%se so doin# o%ld drive %' t!e cost o" conservation. .3/ Fatrons e('ect a &%se%& to kee' donated ob+ects in its 'ossession rat!er t!an to raise cas! b, sellin# t!e&. .E/ 7b+ects donated b, a 'atron to a &%se%& are o"ten o" s%c! i&'ortance t!at t!e &%se%& o%ld be obli#ed to add t!e& to its collection t!ro%#! '%rc!ase i" necessar,. 5I. 3es'ite t!e a''roac! o" inter9 oil 'rices to ind%strial c%sto&ers are e(ce'tionall, lo t!is ,ear and likel, to re&ain so. T!ere"ore9 %nless t!e inter is es'eciall, severe9 t!e 'rice o" nat%ral #as to ind%strial c%sto&ers is also likel, to re&ain lo . http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1CA

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e concl%sion above.A/ Lon#8ter& eat!er "orecasts 'redict a &ild inter. .1/ T!e ind%strial %sers !o cons%&e &ost nat%ral #as can 0%ickl, and c!ea'l, s itc! to %sin# oil instead. .C/ T!e lar#est so%rces o" s%''l, "or bot! oil and nat%ral #as are in s%btro'ical re#ions %nlikel, to be a""ected b, inter eat!er. .3/ T!e "%el re0%ire&ents o" ind%strial %sers o" nat%ral #as are not serio%sl, a""ected b, t!e eat!er. .E/ 7il distrib%tion is &ore likel, to be a""ected b, severe inter eat!er t!an is t!e distrib%tion o" nat%ral #as. TEST 15 30 Minutes 20 Questions 1. T!e co%ntr, o" Maravia !as severe air 'oll%tion9 BI 'ercent o" !ic! is ca%sed b, t!e e(!a%st "%&es o" cars. In order to red%ce t!e n%&ber o" cars on t!e road9 t!e #overn&ent is raisin# ta(es on t!e cost o" b%,in# and r%nnin# a car b, 5I 'ercent. T!is ta( increase9 t!ere"ore9 ill si#ni"icantl, red%ce air 'oll%tion in Maravia. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e #overn&ent o" Maravia is in t!e 'rocess o" b%ildin# a si#ni"icant n%&ber o" road a,s. .1/ Maravia is an oil8'rod%cin# co%ntr, and is able to re"ine an a&o%nt o" #asoline s%""icient "or t!e needs o" its 'o'%lation. .C/ Maravia !as !ad an e(cellent '%blic trans'ortation s,ste& "or &an, ,ears. .3/ 2inet, 'ercent o" t!e 'o'%lation o" Maravia is ver, 'ros'ero%s and !as a s%bstantial a&o%nt o" dis'osable inco&e. .E/ In Maravia9 cars t!at e&it relativel, lo levels o" 'oll%tants cost 1I 'ercent less to o'erate9 on avera#e9 t!an do cars t!at e&it !i#! levels o" 'oll%tants. 5. Cons%&er inco&e re'orts 'rod%ced b, t!e #overn&ent distin#%is! bet een !o%se!olds and "a&ilies b, &eans o" t!e "ollo in# de"inition: >A "a&il, is a !o%se!old containin# a !o%se!older and at least one 'erson related to t!e !o%se!older.? E(ce't "or t!e !o&eless and 'eo'le in #ro%' livin# 0%arters9 &ost 'eo'le live in !o%se!olds. Accordin# to t!e de"inition above9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ All !o%se!olders are &e&bers o" "a&ilies. .1/ All "a&ilies incl%de a !o%se!older. .C/ All o" t!e 'eo'le related to a !o%se!older "or& a "a&il,. .3/ So&e 'eo'le residin# in #ro%' livin# 0%arters are &e&bers o" "a&ilies. .E/ So&e !o&eless 'eo'le reside in #ro%' livin# 0%arters.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1CB

Questions 3-4 are based on the following. T!e 'ro'ortion o" &an%"act%rin# co&'anies in Ala&eda t!at %se &icroelectronics in t!eir &an%"act%rin# 'rocesses increased "ro& G 'ercent in 1HAH to GG 'ercent in 1HHI. Man, labor leaders sa, t!at t!e introd%ction o" &icroelectronics is t!e 'rinci'al ca%se o" t!e #reat increase in %ne&'lo,&ent d%rin# t!at 'eriod in Ala&eda. In act%al "act9 !o ever9 &ost o" t!e +ob losses ere d%e to or#ani)ational c!an#es. Moreover9 accordin# to ne "i#%res released b, t!e labor de'art&ent9 t!ere ere &an, &ore 'eo'le e&'lo,ed in Ala&eda in t!e &an%"act%rin# ind%str, in 1HHI t!an in 1HAH. <. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best reconciles t!e discre'anc, bet een t!e increase in %ne&'lo,&ent and t!e increase in +obs in t!e &an%"act%rin# ind%str, o" Ala&eda.A/ Man, 'rod%cts t!at contain &icroelectronic co&'onents are no asse&bled co&'letel, b, &ac!ine. .1/ 6orkers involved in t!e vario%s as'ects o" t!e &an%"act%rin# 'rocesses t!at %se &icroelectronic tec!nolo#, need e(tensive trainin#. .C/ It is di""ic%lt to eval%ate n%&ericall, !at i&'act on +ob sec%rit, t!e introd%ction o" &icroelectronics in t!e ork'lace !ad be"ore 1HAH. .3/ In 1HHI over HI 'ercent o" t!e +obs in Ala&edas &an%"act%rin# co&'anies ere "illed b, orkers !o &oved to Ala&eda beca%se t!e, !ad skills "or !ic! t!ere as no de&and in Ala&eda 'rior to t!e introd%ction o" &icroelectronics t!ere. .E/ Man, orkers !o !ave retired "ro& t!e &an%"act%rin# ind%str, in Ala&eda since 1HAH !ave not been re'laced b, ,o%n#er orkers. C. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e labor leaders clai& concernin# t!e &an%"act%rin# ind%str, in Ala&eda.A/ $ro& 1HAH to 1HHI9 "e er e&'lo,ees o" &an%"act%rin# co&'anies in Ala&eda lost t!eir +obs beca%se o" t!e introd%ction o" &icroelectronics t!an did e&'lo,ees o" &an%"act%rin# co&'anies in t!e nearb, co&&%nit, o" Rockside. .1/ T!e "i#%res on t!e %se o" &icroelectronics t!at ere &ade '%blic are t!e res%lt o" in0%iries &ade o" &ana#ers in t!e &an%"act%rin# ind%str, in Ala&eda. .C/ T!e or#ani)ational c!an#es t!at led to +ob losses in all sectors o" t!e &an%"act%rin# ind%str, in Ala&eda ere 'ri&aril, t!e res%lt o" t!e introd%ction o" &icroelectronics. .3/ $i#%res on +ob losses in t!e &an%"act%rin# ind%str, in Ala&eda "or t!e late si(ties and earl, seventies !ave not been &ade available. .E/ A "e +obs in t!e &an%"act%rin# ind%str, in Ala&eda co%ld !ave been saved i" orkers !ad been illin# to beco&e kno led#eable in &icroelectronics. @. T!e n%&ber o" &%sicians e&'lo,ed to 'la, acco&'ani&ent "or radio and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1CH

television co&&ercials !as s!ar'l, decreased over t!e 'ast ten ,ears. T!is !as occ%rred even t!o%#! t!e n%&ber o" co&&ercials 'rod%ced eac! ,ear !as not si#ni"icantl, c!an#ed "or t!e last ten ,ears. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it occ%rred d%rin# t!e 'ast ten ,ears9 o%ld contrib%te LEAST to an e('lanation o" t!e "acts above.A/ T!e t,'e o" &%sic &ost 'o'%lar "or %se in co&&ercials !as c!an#ed "ro& a t,'e t!at re0%ires a lar#e n%&ber o" instr%&ents to a t,'e t!at re0%ires ver, "e instr%&ents. .1/ T!ere !as been an increase in t!e n%&ber o" co&&ercials t!at %se onl, t!e s'oken ord and so%nd e""ects9 rat!er t!an &%sical acco&'ani&ent. .C/ T!ere !as been an increase in t!e n%&ber o" co&&ercials t!at %se a s,nt!esi)er9 an instr%&ent on !ic! one &%sician can re'rod%ce t!e so%nd o" &an, &%sicians 'la,in# to#et!er. .3/ T!ere !as been an increase in t!e n%&ber o" co&&ercials t!at %se 'rerecorded &%sic as t!eir onl, so%rce o" &%sic. .E/ T!ere !as been an increase in t!e n%&ber o" co&&ercials t!at %se &%sicians +%st startin# in t!e &%sic ind%str, rat!er t!an &%sicians e('erienced in acco&'an,in# co&&ercials. G. Recent a%dits revealed t!at 1an0%eCard9 a credit service9 !as erred in calc%latin# t!e interest it c!ar#es its clients. 1%t 1an0%eCards c!ie" acco%ntant reasoned t!at t!e 'ro"its t!at t!e co&'an, s!o s o%ld re&ain %na""ected b, a revision o" its clients credit state&ents to correct its 'revio%s billin# errors9 since +%st as &an, clients !ad been overc!ar#ed as %nderc!ar#ed. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is a reasonin# error t!at t!e acco%ntant &akes in concl%din# t!at correctin# its clients state&ents o%ld leave 1an0%eCards 'ro"its %na""ected.A/ Rel,in# on t!e re'%tation o" 1an0%eCard as a tr%st ort!, credit service to &aintain t!e co&'an,s clientele a"ter t!e error beco&es idel, kno n .1/ $ailin# to establis! t!at 1an0%eCard c!ar#es t!e sa&e rates o" interest "or all o" its clients .C/ 7verlookin# t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e a&o%nt b, !ic! 1an0%eCards clients !ad been overc!ar#ed &i#!t be #reater t!an t!e a&o%nt b, !ic! t!e, !ad been %nderc!ar#ed .3/ Ass%&in# t!at t!e clients !o !ad been overc!ar#ed b, 1an0%eCard !ad not noticed t!e error in t!eir credit bills .E/ Fres%''osin# t!at eac! one o" 1an0%eCards clients !ad eit!er been overc!ar#ed or else !ad been %nderc!ar#ed b, t!e billin# error A. B. 2ot Scored Residents o" an a'art&ent co&'le( are considerin# t o 'ossible 'lans "or collectin# rec,clable tras!. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@I

Flan 1 8 Residents ill de'osit rec,clable tras! in &%nici'al d%&'sters located in t!e 'arkin# lot. T!e tras! ill be collected on t!e "irst and t!e "i"teent! da,s o" eac! &ont!. Flan 5 8 Residents ill be #iven individ%al containers "or rec,clable tras!. T!e containers ill be 'laced at t!e c%rb t ice a eek "or tras! collection. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'oints raised at a &eetin# o" t!e residents9 i" valid9 o%ld &ost "avor one o" t!e rec,clin# 'lans over t!e ot!er.A/ Residents ill be re0%ired to e(ercise care in se'aratin# rec,clable tras! "ro& nonrec,clable tras!. .1/ $or tras! rec,clin# to be s%ccess"%l9 residents &%st se'arate rec,clable bottles and cans "ro& rec,clable 'a'er 'rod%cts. .C/ Fenalties ill be levied a#ainst residents !o "ail to sort t!eir tras! correctl,. .3/ Individ%al rec,clin# containers ill need to be &ade o" a stron# and d%rable &aterial. .E/ Rec,clable tras! t!at is allo ed to acc%&%late "or t o eeks ill attract rodents. H. In 1HHI all o" t!e 'eo'le !o a''lied "or a +ob at Evco also a''lied "or a +ob at Radeco9 and Evco and Radeco eac! o""ered +obs to !al" o" t!ese a''licants. T!ere"ore9 ever, one o" t!ese a''licants &%st !ave been o""ered a +ob in 1HHI. T!e ar#%&ent above is based on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions abo%t t!ese +ob a''licants.A/ All o" t!e a''licants ere ver, ell 0%ali"ied "or a +ob at eit!er Evco or Radeco. .1/ All o" t!e a''licants acce'ted a +ob at eit!er Evco or Radeco. .C/ 2one o" t!e a''licants as o""ered a +ob b, bot! Evco and Radeco. .3/ 2one o" t!e a''licants !ad a''lied "or +obs at 'laces ot!er t!an Evco and Radeco. .E/ 2one o" t!e a''licants !ad 'revio%sl, orked "or eit!er Evco or Radeco. 1I. T!e #eese t!at #at!er at t!e 'ond o" a lar#e cor'oration create a !a)ard "or e(ec%tives !o %se t!e cor'orate !elico'ter9 !ose landin# site is CI "eet a a, "ro& t!e 'ond. To solve t!e 'roble&9 t!e cor'oration 'lans to i&'ort a lar#e n%&ber o" !erdin# do#s to kee' t!e #eese a a, "ro& t!e !elico'ter. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" a realistic 'ossibilit,9 o%ld cast t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e 'ros'ects "or s%ccess o" t!e cor'orations 'lan.A/ T!e do#s ill "or& an %ncontrollable 'ack. .1/ T!e do#s ill re0%ire trainin# to learn to !erd t!e #eese. .C/ T!e do#s ill "ri#!ten a a, "o(es t!at 're, on old and sick #eese. .3/ It ill be necessar, to kee' t!e do#s in 0%arantine "or <I da,s a"ter i&'ortin# t!e&. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@1

.E/ So&e o" t!e #eese ill &ove to t!e 'ond o" anot!er cor'oration in order to avoid bein# !erded b, t!e do#s. 11. 6!en a 'erson is %nder intense 's,c!olo#ical stress9 !is or !er cardiovasc%lar res'onse is t!e sa&e as it is d%rin# vi#oro%s '!,sical e(ercise. Fs,c!olo#ical stress9 t!en9 &%st be bene"icial "or t!e !eart as is vi#oro%s '!,sical e(ercise. T!e ar#%&ent above relies on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ E(ercise is an e""ective &eans o" relievin# 's,c!olo#ical stress. .1/ T!e bod,s s!ort8ter& cardiovasc%lar res'onse to an, activit, indicates t!at activit,s lon#8ter& e""ect on t!e bod,. .C/ Cardiovasc%lar res'onse d%rin# an activit, is an ade0%ate &eas%re o" !o bene"icial t!e activit, is "or t!e !eart. .3/ Fs,c!olo#ical stress can !ave a 'ositive e""ect on t!e bod,. .E/ 4i#oro%s e(ercise is t!e &ost reliable &et!od o" &aintainin# a !ealt!, !eart. 15. A"ter #rad%atin# "ro& !i#! sc!ool9 'eo'le rarel, &%lti'l, "ractions or disc%ss ancient Ro&e9 b%t t!e, are con"ronted dail, it! decisions relatin# to !o&e econo&ics. *et !ereas &at!e&atics and !istor, are re0%ired co%rses in t!e !i#! sc!ool c%rric%l%&9 !o&e econo&ics is onl, an elective9 and "e st%dents c!oose to take it. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'ositions o%ld be best s%''orted b, t!e considerations above.A/ I" &at!e&atics and !istor, ere not re0%ired co%rses9 "e st%dents o%ld c!oose to take t!e&. .1/ 6!ereas !o&e econo&ics o%ld be t!e &ost %se"%l s%b+ect "or 'eo'le "acin# t!e decisions t!e, &%st &ake in dail, li"e9 o"ten &at!e&atics and !istor, can also !el' t!e& "ace t!ese decisions. .C/ I" it is i&'ortant to teac! !i#! sc!ool st%dents s%b+ects t!at relate to decisions t!at ill con"ront t!e& in t!eir dail, lives9 t!en !o&e econo&ics s!o%ld be &ade an i&'ortant 'art o" t!e !i#! sc!ool c%rric%l%&. .3/ Mat!e&atics9 !istor,9 and ot!er co%rses t!at are not directl, relevant to a 'ersons dail, li"e s!o%ld not be a re0%ired 'art o" t!e !i#! sc!ool c%rric%l%&. .E/ =nless !i#! sc!ools '%t &ore e&'!asis on nonacade&ic s%b+ects like !o&e econo&ics9 'eo'le #rad%atin# "ro& !i#! sc!ool ill never "eel co&"ortable abo%t &akin# t!e decisions t!at ill con"ront t!e& in t!eir dail, lives. 1<. :o%ses b%ilt d%rin# t!e last ten ,ears !ave been "o%nd to contain indoor air 'oll%tion at levels t!at are9 on avera#e9 &%c! !i#!er t!an t!e levels "o%nd in older !o%ses. T!e reason air8'oll%tion levels are !i#!er in t!e ne er !o%ses is t!at &an, s%c! !o%ses are b%ilt near t!e sites o" old aste d%&'s or !ere a%to&obile e&issions are !eav,.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@5

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 calls into 0%estion t!e e('lanation above.A/ Man, ne !o%ses are b%ilt it! air8"iltration s,ste&s t!at re&ove "ro& t!e !o%se 'oll%tants t!at are #enerated indoors. .1/ T!e easin# o" standards "or s&okestack e&issions !as led to an increase in air8'oll%tion levels in !o&es. .C/ 2e !o%ses b%ilt in secl%ded r%ral areas are relativel, "ree o" air 'oll%tants. .3/ 6ar&8 eat!er conditions tend to slo do n t!e &ove&ent o" air9 t!%s kee'in# 'oll%tion tra''ed near its so%rce. .E/ Fressboard9 an ine('ensive ne 'l, ood s%bstit%te no o"ten %sed in t!e constr%ction o" !o%ses9 e&its t!e 'oll%tant "or&alde!,de into t!e !o%se. 1C. T!e &ost i&'ortant as'ect o" &ovie&akin# is conve,in# a scenes r!,t!&. Conve,in# r!,t!& de'ends less on t!e artistic 0%alit, o" t!e individ%al '!oto#ra'!ic i&a#es t!an on !o t!e s!ots #o to#et!er and t!e order in !ic! t!e, !i#!li#!t di""erent as'ects o" t!e action takin# 'lace in "ront o" t!e ca&era. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ T!e artistic 0%alit, o" t!e individ%al '!oto#ra'!ic i&a#e is %ni&'ortant in &ovie '!oto#ra'!,. .1/ F!oto#ra'!ers kno n "or t!e s%'erb artistic 0%alit, o" t!eir '!oto#ra'!s are seldo& e""ective as &ovie&akers. .C/ :avin# t!e abilit, to 'rod%ce '!oto#ra'!s o" s%'erb artistic 0%alit, does not in itsel" #%arantee !avin# t!e abilit, to be a #ood &ovie&aker. .3/ Movie '!oto#ra'!ers !o are #ood at t!eir +obs rarel, #ive serio%s t!o%#!t to t!e artistic 0%alit, o" t!e '!oto#ra'!s t!e, take. .E/ To conve, a scenes r!,t!& e""ectivel,9 a &ovie&aker &%st !i#!li#!t &an, di""erent as'ects o" t!e action takin# 'lace. 1@. :%&an bein#s can see t!e s'atial relations a&on# ob+ects b, 'rocessin# in"or&ation conve,ed b, li#!t. Scientists tr,in# to b%ild co&'%ters t!at can detect s'atial relations b, t!e sa&e kind o" 'rocess !ave so "ar desi#ned and b%ilt stationar, &ac!ines. :o ever9 t!ese scientists ill not ac!ieve t!eir #oal %ntil t!e, 'rod%ce s%c! a &ac!ine t!at can &ove aro%nd in its environ&ent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best s%''ort t!e 'rediction above.A/ :%&an bein#s are de'endent on vis%al c%es "ro& &otion in order to detect s'atial relations. .1/ :%&an bein#s can o"ten easil, detect t!e s'atial relations a&on# ob+ects9 even !en t!ose ob+ects are in &otion. .C/ 3etectin# s'atial relations a&on# ob+ects re0%ires dra in# in"erences "ro& t!e in"or&ation conve,ed b, li#!t. .3/ Alt!o%#! !%&an bein#s can discern s'atial relations t!ro%#! t!eir sense o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@<

!earin#9 vision is %s%all, t!e &ost i&'ortant &eans o" detectin# s'atial relations. .E/ In"or&ation abo%t t!e s'atial relations a&on# ob+ects can be obtained b, noticin# s%c! t!in#s as s!ado s and t!e relative si)es o" ob+ects. 1G. In a st%d, o" t!e e""ect o" color on 'rod%ctivit,9 @I o" 1II "actor, orkers ere &oved "ro& t!eir drab orkroo& to a bri#!tl, colored orkroo&. 1ot! t!ese orkers and t!e @I !o re&ained in t!e drab orkroo& increased t!eir 'rod%ctivit,9 'robabl, as a res%lt o" t!e interest taken b, researc!ers in t!e ork o" bot! #ro%'s d%rin# t!e st%d,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast &ost do%bt %'on t!e a%t!ors inter'retation o" t!e st%d, res%lts #iven above.A/ T!e @I orkers &oved to t!e bri#!tl, colored roo& 'er"or&ed 'recisel, t!e sa&e &an%"act%rin# task as t!e orkers !o re&ained in t!e drab orkroo&. .1/ T!e drab orkroo& as desi#ned to 'rovide ade0%ate s'ace "or at &ost G@ orkers. .C/ T!e @I orkers !o &oved to t!e bri#!tl, colored orkroo& ere &atc!ed as closel, as 'ossible in a#e and level o" trainin# to t!e @I orkers !o re&ained in t!e drab ork8roo&. .3/ 2earl, all t!e orkers in bot! #ro%'s !ad vol%nteered to &ove to t!e bri#!tl, colored orkroo&. .E/ Man, o" t!e orkers !o &oved to t!e bri#!tl, colored orkroo& re'orted t!at t!e, liked t!e drab orkroo& as ell as or better t!an t!e, liked t!e bri#!tl, colored orkroo&. 1A. 2ot Scored 1B. Mana#er: Acco%ntin# and 1illin# are located ri#!t ne(t to eac! ot!er and t!e t o de'art&ents do si&ilar kinds o" orkD ,et e('endit%res "or clerical s%''lies c!ar#ed to 1illin# are &%c! !i#!er. Is 1illin# astin# s%''lies:ead o" 1illin#: 2ot at all. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best s%''orts t!e 'osition o" t!e :ead o" 1illin#.A/ T!ere are &ore sta"" &e&bers in Acco%ntin# t!an in 1illin#. .1/ T o ,ears a#o9 e('endit%res in Acco%ntin# "or clerical s%''lies ere t!e sa&e as ere e('endit%res t!at ,ear in 1illin# "or clerical s%''lies. .C/ T!e ork o" 1illin# no re0%ires a ider variet, o" clerical s%''lies t!an it did in t!e 'ast. .3/ So&e o" t!e 'a'er8and8'encil ork o" bot! Acco%ntin# and 1illin# !as been re'laced b, ork done on co&'%ters. .E/ Me&bers o" Acco%ntin# "o%nd t!e clerical s%''lies cabinet o" 1illin# &ore convenient to #o to "or s%''lies t!an t!eir o n de'art&ents cabinet. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@C

1H. Most #eolo#ists believe oil res%lts "ro& c!e&ical trans"or&ations o" !,drocarbons derived "ro& or#anis&s b%ried %nder ancient seas. S%''ose9 instead9 t!at oil act%all, res%lts "ro& bacterial action on ot!er co&'le( !,drocarbons t!at are tra''ed it!in t!e Eart!. As is ell kno n9 t!e vol%&e o" t!ese !,drocarbons e(ceeds t!at o" b%ried or#anis&s. T!ere"ore9 o%r oil reserves o%ld be #reater t!an &ost #eolo#ists believe. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 #ives t!e stron#est s%''ort to t!e ar#%&ent above abo%t o%r oil reserves.A/ Most #eolo#ists t!ink o'ti&isticall, abo%t t!e Eart!s reserves o" oil. .1/ Most #eolo#ists !ave 'er"or&ed acc%rate c!e&ical anal,ses on 'revio%sl, discovered oil reserves. .C/ Ancient seas are b%ried it!in t!e Eart! at &an, 'laces !ere "ossils are ab%ndant. .3/ T!e onl, bacteria ,et "o%nd in oil reserves co%ld !ave leaked do n drill !oles "ro& s%r"ace conta&inants. .E/ C!e&ical trans"or&ations red%ce t!e vol%&e o" b%ried !,drocarbons derived "ro& or#anis&s b, ro%#!l, t!e sa&e 'ro'ortion as bacterial action red%ces t!e vol%&e o" ot!er co&'le( !,drocarbons. 5I. T!e ild &o%"lon s!ee' o" t!e island o" Corsica are direct descendants o" s!ee' t!at esca'ed "ro& do&estication on t!e island B9III ,ears a#o. T!e, t!ere"ore 'rovide arc!aeolo#ists it! a 'ict%re o" !at so&e earl, do&esticated s!ee' looked like9 be"ore t!e deliberate selective breedin# t!at 'rod%ced &odern do&esticated s!ee' be#an. T!e ar#%&ent above &akes !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ T!e do&esticated s!ee' o" B9III ,ears a#o ere 0%ite dissi&ilar "ro& t!e ild s!ee' o" t!e ti&e. .1/ T!ere are no ot!er e(istin# breeds o" s!ee' t!at esca'ed "ro& do&estication at abo%t t!e sa&e ti&e as t!e "orebears o" t!e &o%"lon. .C/ Modern do&esticated s!ee' are direct descendants o" s!ee' t!at ere ild B9III ,ears a#o. .3/ Mo%"lon s!ee' are &ore si&ilar to t!eir "orebears o" B9III ,ears a#o t!an &odern do&esticated s!ee' are to t!eirs. .E/ T!e cli&ate o" Corsica !as not c!an#ed at all in t!e last B9III ,ears. TEST 1< 25 Minutes 16 Questions 1. Cable8television s'okes'erson: S%bscri'tions to cable television are a bar#ain in co&'arison to >"ree? television. Re&e&ber t!at >"ree? television is not reall, "ree. It is cons%&ers9 in t!e end9 !o 'a, "or t!e costl, advertisin# t!at s%''orts >"ree? television.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@@

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is &ost da&a#in# to t!e 'osition o" t!e cable8 television s'okes'erson.A/ Cons%&ers !o do not o n television sets are less likel, to be in"l%enced in t!eir '%rc!asin# decisions b, television advertisin# t!an are cons%&ers !o o n television sets. .1/ S%bscri'tions to cable television incl%de access to so&e '%blic8television c!annels9 !ic! do not acce't advertisin#. .C/ $or locations it! 'oor television rece'tion9 cable television 'rovides 'ict%re 0%alit, s%'erior to t!at 'rovided b, "ree television. .3/ T!ere is as &%c! advertisin# on &an, cable8television c!annels as t!ere is on >"ree? television c!annels. .E/ Cable8television s%bscribers can c!oose !ic! c!annels t!e, is! to receive9 and t!e "ees var, accordin#l,. 5. 6oods&oke contains dan#ero%s to(ins t!at ca%se c!an#es in !%&an cells. 1eca%se oods&oke 'resents s%c! a !i#! !ealt! risk9 le#islation is needed to re#%late t!e %se o" o'en8air "ires and ood8b%rnin# stoves. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e a&o%nt o" dan#ero%s to(ins contained in oods&oke is &%c! less t!an t!e a&o%nt contained in an e0%al vol%&e o" a%to&obile e(!a%st. .1/ 6it!in t!e +%risdiction covered b, t!e 'ro'osed le#islation9 &ost !eatin# and cookin# is done it! oil or nat%ral #as. .C/ S&oke 'rod%ced b, coal8b%rnin# stoves is si#ni"icantl, &ore to(ic t!an s&oke "ro& ood8b%rnin# stoves. .3/ 2o si#ni"icant bene"icial e""ect on air 0%alit, o%ld res%lt i" o'en8air "ires ere banned it!in t!e +%risdiction covered b, t!e 'ro'osed le#islation. .E/ In valle,s !ere ood is %sed as t!e 'ri&ar, !eatin# "%el9 t!e concentration o" s&oke res%lts in 'oor air 0%alit,. <. 6it!in 5I ,ears it ill 'robabl, be 'ossible to identi", t!e #enetic s%sce'tibilit, an individ%al &a, !ave to ard an, 'artic%lar disease. Event%all,9 e""ective strate#ies ill be discovered to co%nteract eac! s%c! s%sce'tibilit,. 7nce t!ese e""ective strate#ies are "o%nd9 t!ere"ore9 t!e 'eo'le !o "ollo t!e& ill never #et sick. T!e ar#%&ent above is based on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ $or ever, disease t!ere is onl, one strate#, t!at can 'revent its occ%rrence. .1/ In t!e "%t%re9 #enetics ill be t!e onl, &edical s'ecialt, o" an, i&'ortance. .C/ All !%&an sicknesses are in 'art t!e res%lt o" individ%als #enetic s%sce'tibilities. .3/ All !%&ans are #eneticall, s%sce'tible to so&e diseases. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@G

.E/ Feo'le ill "ollo &edical advice !en t!e, are convinced t!at it is e""ective. C. Most e&'lo,ees in t!e co&'%ter ind%str, &ove "ro& co&'an, to co&'an,9 c!an#in# +obs several ti&es in t!eir careers. :o ever9 S%&&it Co&'%ters is kno n t!ro%#!o%t t!e ind%str, "or retainin# its e&'lo,ees. S%&&it credits its s%ccess in retainin# e&'lo,ees to its in"or&al9 non!ierarc!ical ork environ&ent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts S%&&its e('lanation o" its s%ccess in retainin# e&'lo,ees.A/ So&e 'eo'le e&'lo,ed in t!e co&'%ter ind%str, c!an#e +obs i" t!e, beco&e bored it! t!eir c%rrent 'ro+ects. .1/ A !ierarc!ical ork environ&ent !inders t!e coo'erative e(c!an#e o" ideas t!at co&'%ter ind%str, e&'lo,ees consider necessar, "or t!eir ork. .C/ Man, o" S%&&its senior e&'lo,ees !ad 'revio%sl, orked at onl, one ot!er co&'%ter co&'an,. .3/ In a non!ierarc!ical ork environ&ent9 'eo'le avoid be!avior t!at &i#!t t!reaten #ro%' !ar&on, and t!%s avoid disc%ssin# it! t!eir collea#%es an, dissatis"action t!e, &i#!t !ave it! t!eir +obs. .E/ T!e cost o" livin# near S%&&it is relativel, lo co&'ared to areas in !ic! so&e ot!er co&'%ter co&'anies are located. @. $inancin# "or a lar#e constr%ction 'ro+ect as 'rovided b, a #ro%' o" banks. 6!en t!e &one, as #one be"ore t!e 'ro+ect as co&'leted9 t!e banks a''roved additional loans. 2o 9 it! "%nds %sed %' a#ain and co&'letion still not at !and9 t!e banks re"%se to e(tend "%rt!er loans9 alt!o%#! it!o%t t!ose loans9 t!e 'ro+ect is doo&ed. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains !, t!e banks c%rrent reaction is di""erent "ro& t!eir reaction in t!e 'revio%s instance o" de'letion o" "%nds.A/ T!e banks !ave reassessed t!e inco&e 'otential o" t!e co&'leted 'ro+ect and !ave concl%ded t!at total inco&e #enerable o%ld be less t!an total interest d%e on t!e old 'l%s t!e needed ne loans. .1/ T!e banks !ave identi"ied several ot!er 'ro+ects t!at o""er "aster re'a,&ent o" t!e 'rinci'al i" loans are a''roved no to #et t!ose 'ro+ects started. .C/ T!e banks !ad a#reed it! t!e borro ers t!at t!e constr%ction loans o%ld be sec%red b, t!e co&'leted 'ro+ect. .3/ T!e cost overr%ns ere lar#el, d%e to %n"oreseeable 'roble&s t!at arose in t!e &ost di""ic%lt '!ase o" t!e constr%ction ork. .E/ T!e 'ro+ect sti&%lated t!e develo'&ent and re"ine&ent o" several ne constr%ction tec!ni0%es9 !ic! ill &ake it easier and c!ea'er to carr, o%t si&ilar 'ro+ects in t!e "%t%re. G. Lo 8inco&e "a&ilies are o"ten %nable to a""ord as &%c! c!ild care as t!e, need. 7ne #overn&ent 'ro#ra& o%ld a ard lo 8inco&e "a&ilies a re"%nd on t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@A

inco&e ta(es t!e, 'a, o" as &%c! as L19III "or eac! c!ild %nder a#e "o%r. T!is 'ro#ra& o%ld &ake it 'ossible "or all lo 8inco&e "a&ilies it! c!ildren %nder a#e "o%r to obtain &ore c!ild care t!an t!e, ot!er ise o%ld !ave been able to a""ord. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, calls into 0%estion t!e clai& t!at t!e 'ro#ra& o%ld &ake it 'ossible "or all lo 8inco&e "a&ilies to obtain &ore c!ild care.A/ T!e avera#e "a&il, it! c!ildren %nder a#e "o%r s'ends &ore t!an L19III a ,ear on c!ild care. .1/ So&e lo 8inco&e "a&ilies in !ic! one o" t!e 'arents is %s%all, available to care "or c!ildren %nder a#e "o%r &a, not ant to s'end t!eir inco&e ta( re"%nd on c!ild care. .C/ T!e red%ction in #overn&ent reven%es ste&&in# "ro& t!e inco&e ta( re"%nd ill necessitate c%ts in ot!er #overn&ent 'ro#ra&s9 s%c! as #rants "or !i#!er ed%cation. .3/ Man, lo 8inco&e "a&ilies it! c!ildren %nder a#e "o%r do not 'a, an, inco&e ta(es beca%se t!eir total inco&e is too lo to be s%b+ect to s%c! ta(es. .E/ Inco&e ta(es !ave increased s%bstantiall, over t!e 'ast t ent, ,ears9 red%cin# t!e &one, t!at lo 8inco&e "a&ilies !ave available to s'end on c!ild care. A. B. 2ot scored Alt!o%#! 'ara's,c!olo#, is o"ten considered a 'se%doscience9 it is in "act a #en%ine scienti"ic enter'rise9 "or it %ses scienti"ic &et!ods s%c! as controlled e('eri&ents and statistical tests o" clearl, stated !,'ot!eses to e(a&ine t!e 0%estions it raises. T!e concl%sion above is 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ I" a "ield o" st%d, can concl%sivel, ans er t!e 0%estions it raises9 t!en it is a #en%ine science. .1/ Since 'ara's,c!olo#, %ses scienti"ic &et!ods9 it ill 'rod%ce credible res%lts. .C/ An, enter'rise t!at does not %se controlled e('eri&ents and statistical tests is not #en%ine science. .3/ An, "ield o" st%d, t!at e&'lo,s scienti"ic &et!ods is a #en%ine scienti"ic enter'rise. .E/ Since 'ara's,c!olo#, raises clearl, statable 0%estions9 t!e, can be tested in controlled e('eri&ents. H. :otco oil b%rners9 desi#ned to be %sed in as'!alt 'lants9 are so e""icient t!at :otco ill sell one to t!e Cli"ton As'!alt 'lant "or no 'a,&ent ot!er t!an t!e cost savin#s bet een t!e total a&o%nt t!e as'!alt 'lant act%all, 'aid "or oil %sin# its http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@B

"or&er b%rner d%rin# t!e last t o ,ears and t!e total a&o%nt it ill 'a, "or oil %sin# t!e :otco b%rner d%rin# t!e ne(t t o ,ears. 7n installation9 t!e 'lant ill &ake an esti&ated 'a,&ent9 !ic! ill be ad+%sted a"ter t o ,ears to e0%al t!e act%al cost savin#s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it occ%rred9 o%ld constit%te a disadvanta#e "or :otco o" t!e 'lan described above.A/ Anot!er &an%"act%rers introd%ction to t!e &arket o" a si&ilarl, e""icient b%rner .1/ T!e Cli"ton As'!alt 'lants need "or &ore t!an one ne b%rner .C/ 4er, 'oor e""icienc, in t!e Cli"ton As'!alt 'lants old b%rner .3/ A decrease in t!e de&and "or as'!alt .E/ A stead, increase in t!e 'rice o" oil be#innin# soon a"ter t!e ne b%rner is installed 1I. Toda,s lo #asoline 'rices &ake cons%&ers illin# to ind%l#e t!eir 're"erence "or lar#er cars9 !ic! cons%&e #reater a&o%nts o" #asoline as "%el. So =nited States a%to&akers are %n illin# to '%rs%e t!e develo'&ent o" ne "%el8e""icient tec!nolo#ies a##ressivel,. T!e 'artic%lar rel%ctance o" t!e =nited States a%to&obile ind%str, to do so9 !o ever9 co%ld t!reaten t!e ind%str,s "%t%re. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e clai& above abo%t t!e "%t%re o" t!e =nited States a%to&obile ind%str,.A/ A 'rotot,'e "%el8e""icient ve!icle9 b%ilt "ive ,ears a#o9 ac!ieves a ver, !i#! B1 &iles 'er #allon on t!e !i#! a, and G< in t!e cit,9 b%t its &aterials are relativel, costl,. .1/ S&all cars sold b, &an%"act%rers in t!e =nited States are &ore "%el e""icient no t!an be"ore t!e s%dden +%&' in oil 'rices in 1HA<. .C/ A%to&akers else !ere in t!e orld !ave slo ed t!e introd%ction o" "%el8 e""icient tec!nolo#ies b%t !ave 'ressed a!ead it! researc! and develo'&ent o" t!e& in 're'aration "or a 'redicted rise in orld oil 'rices. .3/ T!ere are &an, tec!nolo#ical o''ort%nities "or red%cin# t!e aste o" ener#, in cars and li#!t tr%cks t!ro%#! ei#!t9 aerod,na&ic dra#9 and brakin# "riction. .E/ T!e 'ro&otion o" &ass transit over a%to&obiles as an alternative &ode o" trans'ortation !as enco%ntered cons%&er resistance t!at is d%e in 'art to t!e "ail%re o" &ass transit to acco&&odate t!e ide dis'ersal o" 'oints o" ori#in and destinations "or tri's. 11. An e('eri&ent as done in !ic! !%&an s%b+ects reco#ni)e a 'attern it!in a &atri( o" abstract desi#ns and t!en select anot!er desi#n t!at co&'letes t!at 'attern. T!e res%lts o" t!e e('eri&ent ere s%r'risin#. T!e lo est e('endit%re o" ener#, in ne%rons in t!e brain as "o%nd in t!ose s%b+ects !o 'er"or&ed &ost s%ccess"%ll, in t!e e('eri&ents. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1@H

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses best acco%nts "or t!e "indin#s o" t!e e('eri&ent.A/ T!e ne%rons o" t!e brain react less !en a s%b+ect is tr,in# to reco#ni)e 'atterns t!an !en t!e s%b+ect is doin# ot!er kinds o" reasonin#. .1/ T!ose !o 'er"or&ed best in t!e e('eri&ent e('erienced &ore satis"action !en orkin# it! abstract 'atterns t!an did t!ose !o 'er"or&ed less ell. .C/ Feo'le !o are better at abstract 'attern reco#nition !ave &ore ener#,8 e""icient ne%ral connections. .3/ T!e ener#, e('endit%re o" t!e s%b+ects brains increases !en a desi#n t!at co&'letes t!e initiall, reco#ni)ed 'attern is deter&ined. .E/ T!e task o" co&'letin# a #iven desi#n is &ore ca'abl, 'er"or&ed b, at!letes9 !ose ener#, e('endit%re is lo er !en t!e, are at rest t!an is t!at o" t!e #eneral 'o'%lation. 15. A researc!er st%d,in# dr%# addicts "o%nd t!at9 on avera#e9 t!e, tend to &ani'%late ot!er 'eo'le a #reat deal &ore t!an nonaddicts do. T!e researc!er concl%ded t!at 'eo'le !o "re0%entl, &ani'%late ot!er 'eo'le are likel, to beco&e addicts. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e researc!ers concl%sion.A/ A"ter beco&in# addicted to dr%#s9 dr%# addicts learn to &ani'%late ot!er 'eo'le as a a, o" obtainin# dr%#s. .1/ 6!en t!e, are i&'risoned9 dr%# addicts o"ten %se t!eir abilit, to &ani'%late ot!er 'eo'le to obtain better livin# conditions. .C/ So&e nonaddicts &ani'%late ot!er 'eo'le &ore t!an so&e addicts do. .3/ Feo'le !o are likel, to beco&e addicts e(!ibit %n%s%al be!avior 'atterns ot!er t!an "re0%ent &ani'%lation o" ot!er 'eo'le. .E/ T!e addicts t!at t!e researc!er st%died ere o"ten %ns%ccess"%l in obtainin# !at t!e, anted !en t!e, &ani'%lated ot!er 'eo'le. 1<. 7ne a, to +%d#e t!e 'er"or&ance o" a co&'an, is to co&'are it it! ot!er co&'anies. T!is tec!ni0%e9 co&&onl, called >benc!&arkin#9? 'er&its t!e &ana#er o" a co&'an, to discover better ind%strial 'ractices and can 'rovide a +%sti"ication "or t!e ado'tion o" #ood 'ractices. An, o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is a valid reason "or benc!&arkin# t!e 'er"or&ance o" a co&'an, a#ainst co&'anies it! !ic! it is not in co&'etition rat!er t!an a#ainst co&'etitors EECEFT: .A/ Co&'arisons it! co&'etitors are &ost likel, to "oc%s on 'ractices t!at t!e &ana#er &akin# t!e co&'arisons alread, e&'lo,s. .1/ Gettin# >inside? in"or&ation abo%t t!e %ni0%e 'ractices o" co&'etitors is 'artic%larl, di""ic%lt. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1GI

.C/ Since co&'anies t!at co&'ete it! eac! ot!er are likel, to !ave co&'arable levels o" e""icienc,9 onl, benc!&arkin# a#ainst nonco&'etitors is likel, to reveal 'ractices t!at o%ld aid in beatin# co&'etitors. .3/ Mana#ers are #enerall, &ore rece'tive to ne ideas t!at t!e, "ind o%tside t!eir o n ind%str,. .E/ M%c! o" t!e s%ccess o" #ood co&'anies is d%e to t!eir ado'tion o" 'ractices t!at take advanta#e o" t!e s'ecial circ%&stances o" t!eir 'rod%cts o" &arkets. 1C. A&on# t!e &ore e""ective kinds o" '%blicit, t!at '%blis!ers can #et "or a ne book is to !ave e(cer'ts o" it '%blis!ed in a !i#!8circ%lation &a#a)ine soon be"ore t!e book is '%blis!ed. T!e bene"its o" s%c! e(cer'tion incl%de not onl, a s%re increase in sales b%t also a "ee 'aid b, t!e &a#a)ine to t!e books '%blis!er. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is best s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le "or !o& seein# an e(cer't o" a book in a &a#a)ine 'rovides an ade0%ate s%bstit%te "or readin# t!e !ole book is s&aller t!an t!e n%&ber "or !o& t!e e(cer't sti&%lates a desire to read t!e book. .1/ 1eca%se t!e "inancial advanta#e o" e(cer'tin# a ne book in a &a#a)ine %s%all, accr%es to t!e books '%blis!er9 &a#a)ine editors are %n illin# to '%blis! e(cer'ts "ro& ne books. .C/ In calc%latin# t!e total n%&ber o" co'ies t!at a book !as sold9 '%blis!ers incl%de sales o" co'ies o" &a#a)ines t!at "eat%red an e(cer't o" t!e book. .3/ T!e e""ectiveness o" !avin# e(cer'ts o" a book '%blis!ed in a &a#a)ine9 &eas%red in ter&s o" increased sales o" a book9 is 'ro'ortional to t!e circ%lation o" t!e &a#a)ine in !ic! t!e e(cer'ts are '%blis!ed. .E/ 1ooks t!at are s%itable "or e(cer'tin# in !i#!8circ%lation &a#a)ines sell &ore co'ies t!an books t!at are not s%itable "or e(cer'tin#. 1@. In S artkans territor,9 arc!aeolo#ists discovered c!arred bone "ra#&ents datin# back 1 &illion ,ears. Anal,sis o" t!e "ra#&ents9 !ic! ca&e "ro& a variet, o" ani&als9 s!o ed t!at t!e, !ad been !eated to te&'erat%res no !i#!er t!an t!ose 'rod%ced in e('eri&ental ca&'"ires &ade "ro& branc!es o" !ite stink ood9 t!e &ost co&&on tree aro%nd S artkans. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld9 to#et!er it! t!e in"or&ation above9 'rovide t!e best basis "or t!e clai& t!at t!e c!arred bone "ra#&ents are evidence o" t!e %se o" "ire b, earl, !o&inids.A/ T!e !ite stink ood tree is %sed "or b%ildin# &aterial b, t!e 'resent8da, in!abitants o" S artkans. .1/ $orest "ires can !eat ood to a ran#e o" te&'erat%res t!at occ%r in ca&'"ires. .C/ T!e bone "ra#&ents ere "itted to#et!er b, t!e arc!aeolo#ists to "or& t!e co&'lete skeletons o" several ani&als. .3/ A'art "ro& t!e S artkans discover,9 t!ere is reliable evidence t!at earl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1G1

!o&inids %sed "ire as &an, as @II t!o%sand ,ears a#o. .E/ T!e bone "ra#&ents ere "o%nd in several distinct la,ers o" li&estone t!at contained 'ri&itive c%ttin# tools kno n to !ave been %sed b, earl, !o&inids. 1G. $or a trade e&bar#o a#ainst a 'artic%lar co%ntr, to s%cceed9 a !i#! de#ree o" bot! international accord and abilit, to 'revent #oods "ro& enterin# or leavin# t!at co%ntr, &%st be s%stained. A total blockade o" Fatrias 'orts is necessar, to an e&bar#o9 b%t s%c! an action o%ld be likel, to ca%se international discord over t!e e&bar#o. T!e clai&s above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ T!e balance o" o'inion is likel, to "avor Fatria in t!e event o" a blockade. .1/ As lon# as international o'inion is %nani&o%sl, a#ainst Fatria9 a trade e&bar#o is likel, to s%cceed. .C/ A naval blockade o" Fatrias 'orts o%ld ens%re t!at no #oods enter or leave Fatria. .3/ An, trade e&bar#o a#ainst Fatria o%ld be likel, to "ail at so&e ti&e. .E/ $or a blockade o" Fatrias 'orts to be s%ccess"%l9 international o'inion &%st be %nani&o%s. TEST 1C 25 Minutes 16 Questions 1. T!e local board o" ed%cation "o%nd t!at9 beca%se t!e c%rrent '!,sics c%rric%l%& !as little direct relevance to toda,s orld9 '!,sics classes attracted "e !i#! sc!ool st%dents. So to attract st%dents to '!,sics classes9 t!e board 'ro'osed a c%rric%l%& t!at e&'!asi)es 'rinci'les o" '!,sics involved in 'rod%cin# and anal,)in# vis%al i&a#es. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e stron#est reason to e('ect t!at t!e 'ro'osed c%rric%l%& ill be s%ccess"%l in attractin# st%dents.A/ Several o" t!e "%nda&ental 'rinci'les o" '!,sics are involved in 'rod%cin# and anal,)in# vis%al i&a#es. .1/ Mno led#e o" '!,sics is beco&in# increasin#l, i&'ortant in %nderstandin# t!e tec!nolo#, %sed in toda,s orld. .C/ E0%i'&ent t!at a lar#e 'rod%cer o" '!oto#ra'!ic e0%i'&ent !as donated to t!e !i#! sc!ool co%ld be %sed in t!e 'ro'osed c%rric%l%&. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" st%dents interested in '!,sics toda, is &%c! lo er t!an t!e n%&ber o" st%dents interested in '!,sics @I ,ears a#o. .E/ In toda,s orld t!e 'rod%ction and anal,sis o" vis%al i&a#es is o" &a+or i&'ortance in co&&%nications9 b%siness9 and recreation. 5. Man, co&'anies no !ave e&'lo,ee assistance 'ro#ra&s t!at enable e&'lo,ees9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1G5

"ree o" c!ar#e9 to i&'rove t!eir '!,sical "itness9 red%ce stress9 and learn a,s to sto' s&okin#. T!ese 'ro#ra&s increase orker 'rod%ctivit,9 red%ce absenteeis&9 and lessen ins%rance costs "or e&'lo,ee !ealt! care. T!ere"ore9 t!ese 'ro#ra&s bene"it t!e co&'an, as ell as t!e e&'lo,ee. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost si#ni"icantl, stren#t!ens t!e concl%sion above.A/ F!,sical "itness 'ro#ra&s are o"ten t!e &ost 'o'%lar services o""ered to e&'lo,ees. .1/ St%dies !ave s!o n t!at trainin# in stress &ana#e&ent is not e""ective "or &an, 'eo'le. .C/ Re#%lar e(ercise red%ces 'eo'les risk o" !eart disease and 'rovides t!e& it! increased ener#,. .3/ F!,sical in+%ries so&eti&es res%lt "ro& enterin# a stren%o%s '!,sical "itness 'ro#ra& too 0%ickl,. .E/ E&'lo,ee assistance 'ro#ra&s re0%ire co&'anies to !ire 'eo'le to s%'ervise t!e vario%s 'ro#ra&s o""ered. <. =nlike t!e !olesale 'rice o" ra ool9 t!e !olesale 'rice o" ra cotton !as "allen considerabl, in t!e last ,ear. T!%s9 alt!o%#! t!e retail 'rice o" cotton clot!in# at retail clot!in# stores !as not ,et "allen9 it ill inevitabl, "all. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e cost o" 'rocessin# ra cotton "or clot! !as increased d%rin# t!e last ,ear. .1/ T!e !olesale 'rice o" ra vol%&e o" ra cotton. ool is t,'icall, !i#!er t!an t!at o" t!e sa&e

.C/ T!e o'eratin# costs o" t!e avera#e retail clot!in# store !ave re&ained constant d%rin# t!e last ,ear. .3/ C!an#es in retail 'rices al a,s la# be!ind c!an#es in !olesale 'rices. .E/ T!e cost o" !arvestin# ra cotton !as increased in t!e last ,ear. C. S&all8b%siness #ro%'s are lobb,in# to de"eat 'ro'osed "ederal le#islation t!at o%ld s%bstantiall, raise t!e "ederal &ini&%& a#e. T!is o''osition is s%r'risin# since t!e le#islation t!e, o''ose o%ld9 "or t!e "irst ti&e9 e(e&'t all s&all b%sinesses "ro& 'a,in# an, &ini&%& a#e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best e('lain t!e o''osition o" s&all8 b%siness #ro%'s to t!e 'ro'osed le#islation.A/ =nder t!e c%rrent "ederal &ini&%&8 a#e la 9 &ost s&all b%sinesses are re0%ired to 'a, no less t!an t!e &ini&%& a#e to t!eir e&'lo,ees. .1/ In order to attract orkers9 s&all co&'anies &%st &atc! t!e a#es o""ered b, t!eir lar#er co&'etitors9 and t!ese co&'etitors o%ld not be e(e&'t %nder t!e 'ro'osed la s. .C/ T!e e(act n%&ber o" co&'anies t!at are c%rrentl, re0%ired to 'a, no less http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1G<

t!an t!e &ini&%& a#e b%t t!at o%ld be e(e&'t %nder t!e 'ro'osed la s is %nkno n. .3/ So&e states !ave set t!eir o n &ini&%& a#esKin so&e cases9 0%ite a bit above t!e level o" t!e &ini&%& a#e &andated b, c%rrent "ederal la K"or certain ke, ind%stries. .E/ Service co&'anies &ake %' t!e &a+orit, o" s&all b%sinesses and t!e, #enerall, e&'lo, &ore e&'lo,ees 'er dollar o" reven%es t!an do retail or &an%"act%rin# b%sinesses. @. Revie er: T!e book %rt*s De$line ar#%es t!at E%ro'ean 'ainters toda, lack skills t!at ere co&&on a&on# E%ro'ean 'ainters o" 'recedin# cent%ries. In t!is t!e book &%st be ri#!t9 since its anal,sis o" 1II 'aintin#s9 @I old and @I conte&'orar,9 de&onstrates convincin#l, t!at none o" t!e conte&'orar, 'aintin#s are e(ec%ted as skill"%ll, as t!e older 'aintin#s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'oints to t!e &ost serio%s lo#ical "la in t!e revie ers ar#%&ent.A/ T!e 'aintin#s c!osen b, t!e books a%t!or "or anal,sis co%ld be t!ose t!at &ost s%''ort t!e books t!esis. .1/ T!ere co%ld be criteria ot!er t!an t!e tec!nical skill o" t!e artist b, !ic! to eval%ate a 'aintin#. .C/ T!e title o" t!e book co%ld ca%se readers to acce't t!e books t!esis even be"ore t!e, read t!e anal,sis o" t!e 'aintin#s t!at s%''orts it. .3/ T!e 'artic%lar &et!ods c%rrentl, %sed b, E%ro'ean 'ainters co%ld re0%ire less artistic skill t!an do &et!ods %sed b, 'ainters in ot!er 'arts o" t!e orld. .E/ A reader !o as not "a&iliar it! t!e lan#%a#e o" art criticis& &i#!t not be convinced b, t!e books anal,sis o" t!e 1II 'aintin#s. G. T!e '!ar&ace%tical ind%str, ar#%es t!at beca%se ne dr%#s ill not be develo'ed %nless !eav, develo'&ent costs can be reco%'ed in later sales9 t!e c%rrent 5I ,ears o" 'rotection 'rovided b, 'atents s!o%ld be e(tended in t!e case o" ne l, develo'ed dr%#s. :o ever9 in ot!er ind%stries ne 8'rod%ct develo'&ent contin%es des'ite !i#! develo'&ent costs9 a "act t!at indicates t!at t!e e(tension is %nnecessar,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e '!ar&ace%tical ind%str,s ar#%&ent a#ainst t!e c!allen#e &ade above.A/ 2o ind%stries ot!er t!an t!e '!ar&ace%tical ind%str, !ave asked "or an e(tension o" t!e 5I8,ear li&it on 'atent 'rotection. .1/ Clinical trials o" ne dr%#s9 !ic! occ%r a"ter t!e 'atent is #ranted and be"ore t!e ne dr%# can be &arketed9 o"ten no take as lon# as 1I ,ears to co&'lete. .C/ T!ere are several ind%stries in !ic! t!e ratio o" researc! and develo'&ent http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1GC

costs to reven%es is !i#!er t!an it is in t!e '!ar&ace%tical ind%str,. .3/ An e(istin# 'atent "or a dr%# does not le#all, 'revent '!ar&ace%tical co&'anies "ro& brin#in# to &arket alternative dr%#s9 'rovided t!e, are s%""icientl, dissi&ilar to t!e 'atented dr%#. .E/ M%c! recent ind%strial innovation !as occ%rred in 'rod%ctsK"or e(a&'le9 in t!e co&'%ter and electronics ind%striesK"or !ic! 'atent 'rotection is o"ten ver, ine""ective. Questions '-8 are based on the following. 1ank de'ositors in t!e =nited States are all "inanciall, 'rotected a#ainst bank "ail%re beca%se t!e #overn&ent ins%res all individ%als bank de'osits. An econo&ist ar#%es t!at t!is ins%rance is 'artl, res'onsible "or t!e !i#! rate o" bank "ail%res9 since it re&oves "ro& de'ositors an, "inancial incentive to "ind o%t !et!er t!e bank t!at !olds t!eir &one, is sec%re a#ainst "ail%re. I" de'ositors ere &ore selective9 t!en banks o%ld need to be sec%re in order to co&'ete "or de'ositors &one,. A. T!e econo&ists ar#%&ent &akes !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 1ank "ail%res are ca%sed !en bi# borro ers de"a%lt on loan re'a,&ents. .1/ A si#ni"icant 'ro'ortion o" de'ositors &aintain acco%nts at several di""erent banks. .C/ T!e &ore a de'ositor !as to de'osit9 t!e &ore care"%l !e or s!e tends to be in selectin# a bank. .3/ T!e di""erence in t!e interest rates 'aid to de'ositors b, di""erent banks is not a si#ni"icant "actor in bank "ail%res. .E/ Fotential de'ositors are able to deter&ine !ic! banks are sec%re a#ainst "ail%re. B. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e econo&ists ar#%&ent.A/ 1e"ore t!e #overn&ent started to ins%re de'ositors a#ainst bank "ail%re9 t!ere as a lo er rate o" bank "ail%re t!an t!ere is no . .1/ 6!en t!e #overn&ent did not ins%re de'osits9 "re0%ent bank "ail%res occ%rred as a res%lt o" de'ositors "ears o" losin# &one, in bank "ail%res. .C/ S%rve,s s!o t!at a si#ni"icant 'ro'ortion o" de'ositors are a are t!at t!eir de'osits are ins%red b, t!e #overn&ent. .3/ T!ere is an %''er li&it on t!e a&o%nt o" an individ%als de'osit t!at t!e #overn&ent ill ins%re9 b%t ver, "e individ%als de'osits e(ceed t!is li&it. .E/ T!e sec%rit, o" a bank a#ainst "ail%re de'ends on t!e 'ercenta#e o" its assets t!at are loaned o%t and also on !o &%c! risk its loans involve. H. Fassen#ers &%st e(it air'lanes s i"tl, a"ter accidents9 since #ases released "ollo in# accidents are to(ic to !%&ans and o"ten e('lode soon a"ter bein# released. In order to 'revent 'assen#er deat!s "ro& #as in!alation9 sa"et, o""icials http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1G@

reco&&end t!at 'assen#ers be 'rovided it! s&oke !oods t!at 'revent in!alation o" t!e #ases. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 constit%tes t!e stron#est reason not to re0%ire i&'le&entation o" t!e sa"et, o""icials reco&&endation.A/ Test evac%ations s!o ed t!at '%ttin# on t!e s&oke !oods added considerabl, to t!e overall ti&e it took 'assen#ers to leave t!e cabin. .1/ So&e airlines are %n illin# to b%, t!e s&oke !oods beca%se t!e, consider t!e& to be 'ro!ibitivel, e('ensive. .C/ Alt!o%#! t!e s&oke !oods 'rotect 'assen#ers "ro& t!e to(ic #ases9 t!e, can do not!in# to 'revent t!e #ases "ro& i#nitin#. .3/ So&e e('erienced "l,ers "ail to 'a, attention to t!e sa"et, instr%ctions #iven on ever, co&&ercial "li#!t be"ore takeo"". .E/ In &an, air'lane accidents9 'assen#ers !o ere able to reac! e&er#enc, e(its ere overco&e b, to(ic #ases be"ore t!e, co%ld e(it t!e air'lane. 1I. In 1HGI9 1I 'ercent o" ever, dollar 'aid in a%to&obile ins%rance 're&i%&s ent to 'a, costs arisin# "ro& in+%ries inc%rred in car accidents. In 1HHI9 @I 'ercent o" ever, dollar 'aid in a%to&obile ins%rance 're&i%&s ent to ard s%c! costs9 des'ite t!e "act t!at cars ere &%c! sa"er in 1HHI t!an in 1HGI. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains t!e discre'anc, o%tlined above.A/ T!ere ere "e er accidents in 1HHI t!an in 1HGI. .1/ 7n avera#e9 'eo'le drove &ore slo l, in 1HHI t!an in 1HGI. .C/ Cars #re increasin#l, &ore e('ensive to re'air over t!e 'eriod in 0%estion. .3/ T!e 'rice o" ins%rance increased &ore ra'idl, t!an t!e rate o" in"lation bet een 1HGI and 1HHI. .E/ :ealt!8care costs rose s!ar'l, bet een 1HGI and 1HHI. 11. Cater'illars o" all s'ecies 'rod%ce an identical !or&one called >+%venile !or&one? t!at &aintains "eedin# be!avior. 7nl, !en a cater'illar !as #ro n to t!e ri#!t si)e "or '%'ation to take 'lace does a s'ecial en),&e !alt t!e 'rod%ction o" +%venile !or&one. T!is en),&e can be s,nt!esi)ed and ill9 on bein# in#ested b, i&&at%re cater'illars9 kill t!e& b, sto''in# t!e& "ro& "eedin#. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e vie t!at it o%ld not be advisable to tr, to eradicate a#ric%lt%ral 'ests t!at #o t!ro%#! a cater'illar sta#e b, s'ra,in# cro'lands it! t!e en),&e &entioned above.A/ Most s'ecies o" cater'illar are s%b+ect to so&e nat%ral 'redation. .1/ Man, a#ric%lt%ral 'ests do not #o t!ro%#! a cater'illar sta#e. .C/ Man, a#ric%lt%rall, bene"icial insects #o t!ro%#! a cater'illar sta#e. .3/ Since cater'illars o" di""erent s'ecies e&er#e at di""erent ti&es9 several s'ra,in#s o%ld be necessar,. .E/ Alt!o%#! t!e en),&e !as been s,nt!esi)ed in t!e laborator,9 no lar#e8scale http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1GG

'rod%ction "acilities e(ist as ,et. 15. Alt!o%#! as'irin !as been 'roven to eli&inate &oderate "ever associated it! so&e illnesses9 &an, doctors no lon#er ro%tinel, reco&&end its %se "or t!is '%r'ose. A &oderate "ever sti&%lates t!e activit, o" t!e bod,s disease8"i#!tin# !ite blood cells and also in!ibits t!e #ro t! o" &an, strains o" disease8ca%sin# bacteria. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e&.A/ As'irin9 an e""ective 'ainkiller9 alleviates t!e 'ain and disco&"ort o" &an, illnesses. .1/ As'irin can 'rolon# a 'atients illness b, eli&inatin# &oderate "ever !el'"%l in "i#!tin# so&e diseases. .C/ As'irin in!ibits t!e #ro t! o" !ite blood cells9 !ic! are necessar, "or "i#!tin# so&e illnesses. .3/ T!e &ore !ite blood cells a 'atients bod, 'rod%ces9 t!e less severe t!e 'atients illness ill be. .E/ T!e "oc%s o" &odern &edicine is on in!ibitin# t!e #ro t! o" disease8ca%sin# bacteria it!in t!e bod,. 1<. 1eca%se 'osta#e rates are risin#9 +o,e De$orator &a#a)ine 'lans to &a(i&i)e its 'ro"its b, red%cin# b, one !al" t!e n%&ber o" iss%es it '%blis!es eac! ,ear. T!e 0%alit, o" articles9 t!e n%&ber o" articles '%blis!ed 'er ,ear9 and t!e s%bscri'tion 'rice ill not c!an#e. Market researc! s!o s t!at neit!er s%bscribers nor advertisers ill be lost i" t!e &a#a)ines 'lan is instit%ted. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e stron#est evidence t!at t!e &a#a)ines 'ro"its are likel, to decline i" t!e 'lan is instit%ted.A/ 6it! t!e ne 'osta#e rates9 a t,'ical iss%e %nder t!e 'ro'osed 'lan o%ld cost abo%t one8t!ird &ore to &ail t!an a t,'ical c%rrent iss%e o%ld. .1/ T!e &a+orit, o" t!e &a#a)ines s%bscribers are less concerned abo%t a 'ossible red%ction in t!e 0%antit, o" t!e &a#a)ines articles t!an abo%t a 'ossible loss o" t!e c%rrent !i#! 0%alit, o" its articles. .C/ Man, o" t!e &a#a)ines lon#8ti&e s%bscribers o%ld contin%e t!eir s%bscri'tions even i" t!e s%bscri'tion 'rice ere increased. .3/ Most o" t!e advertisers t!at '%rc!ase advertisin# s'ace in t!e &a#a)ine ill contin%e to s'end t!e sa&e a&o%nt on advertisin# 'er iss%e as t!e, !ave in t!e 'ast. .E/ Frod%ction costs "or t!e &a#a)ine are e('ected to re&ain stable. 1C. A st%d, o" &arital relations!i's in !ic! one 'artners slee'in# and akin# c,cles di""er "ro& t!ose o" t!e ot!er 'artner reveals t!at s%c! co%'les s!are "e er activities it! eac! ot!er and !ave &ore violent ar#%&ents t!an do co%'les in a relations!i' in !ic! bot! 'artners "ollo t!e sa&e slee'in# and akin# 'atterns. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1GA

T!%s9 &is&atc!ed slee'in# and akin# c,cles can serio%sl, +eo'ardi)e a &arria#e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Married co%'les in !ic! bot! s'o%ses "ollo t!e sa&e slee'in# and akin# 'atterns also occasionall, !ave ar#%&ents t!an can +eo'ardi)e t!e co%'les &arria#e. .1/ T!e slee'in# and akin# c,cles o" individ%als tend to var, "ro& season to season. .C/ T!e individ%als !o !ave slee'in# and akin# c,cles t!at di""er si#ni"icantl, "ro& t!ose o" t!eir s'o%ses tend to ar#%e little it! collea#%es at ork. .3/ Feo'le in %n!a'', &arria#es !ave been "o%nd to e('ress !ostilit, b, ado'tin# a di""erent slee'in# and akin# c,cle "ro& t!at o" t!eir s'o%ses. .E/ Accordin# to a recent st%d,9 &ost 'eo'les slee'in# and akin# c,cles can be controlled and &odi"ied easil,. Questions 15-1& are based on the following. Roland: T!e alar&in# "act is t!at HI 'ercent o" t!e 'eo'le in t!is co%ntr, no re'ort t!at t!e, kno so&eone !o is %ne&'lo,ed. S!aron: 1%t a nor&al9 &oderate level o" %ne&'lo,&ent is @ 'ercent9 it! 1 o%t o" 5I orkers %ne&'lo,ed. So at an, #iven ti&e i" a 'erson kno s a''ro(i&atel, @I orkers9 1 or &ore ill ver, likel, be %ne&'lo,ed. 1@. S!arons ar#%&ent is str%ct%red to lead to !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# as a concl%sion.A/ T!e "act t!at HIP o" t!e 'eo'le kno so&eone !o is %ne&'lo,ed is not an indication t!at %ne&'lo,&ent is abnor&all, !i#!. .1/ T!e c%rrent level o" %ne&'lo,&ent is not &oderate. .C/ I" at least @P o" orkers are %ne&'lo,ed9 t!e res%lt o" 0%estionin# a re'resentative #ro%' o" 'eo'le cannot be t!e 'ercenta#e Roland cites. .3/ It is %nlikel, t!at t!e 'eo'le !ose state&ents Roland cites are #ivin# acc%rate re'orts. .E/ I" an %ne&'lo,&ent "i#%re is #iven as a certain 'ercent9 t!e act%al 'ercenta#e o" t!ose it!o%t +obs is even !i#!er. 1G. S!arons ar#%&ent relies on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ nor&al levels o" %ne&'lo,&ent are rarel, e(ceeded .1/ %ne&'lo,&ent is not nor&all, concentrated in #eo#ra'!icall, isolated se#&ents o" t!e 'o'%lation .C/ t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o eac! kno so&eone !o is %ne&'lo,ed is al a,s !i#!er t!an HIP o" t!e 'o'%lation .3/ Roland is not conscio%sl, distortin# t!e statistics !e 'resents .E/ kno led#e t!at a 'ersonal ac0%aintance is %ne&'lo,ed #enerates &ore "ear http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1GB

o" losin# ones +ob t!an does kno led#e o" %ne&'lo,&ent statistics TEST 1@ 25 Minutes 16 Questions 1. A co&'an, is considerin# c!an#in# its 'olic, concernin# dail, orkin# !o%rs. C%rrentl,9 t!is co&'an, re0%ires all e&'lo,ees to arrive at ork at B a.&. T!e 'ro'osed 'olic, o%ld 'er&it eac! e&'lo,ee to decide !en to arriveK"ro& as earl, as G a.&. to as late as 11 a.&. T!e ado'tion o" t!is 'olic, o%ld be &ost likel, to decrease e&'lo,ees 'rod%ctivit, i" t!e e&'lo,ees +ob "%nctions re0%ired t!e& to .A/ ork it!o%t interr%'tion "ro& ot!er e&'lo,ees .1/ cons%lt at least once a da, it! e&'lo,ees "ro& ot!er co&'anies .C/ s%b&it t!eir ork "or a s%'ervisors event%al a''roval .3/ interact "re0%entl, it! eac! ot!er t!ro%#!o%t t!e entire orkda, .E/ %ndertake 'ro+ects t!at take several da,s to co&'lete 5. T!e a&o%nt o" ti&e it takes "or &ost o" a orkers occ%'ational kno led#e and skills to beco&e obsolete !as been declinin# beca%se o" t!e introd%ction o" advanced &an%"act%rin# tec!nolo#, .AMT/. Given t!e rate at !ic! AMT is c%rrentl, bein# introd%ced in &an%"act%rin#9 t!e avera#e orkers old skills beco&e obsolete and ne skills are re0%ired it!in as little as "ive ,ears. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'lans9 i" "easible9 o%ld allo a co&'an, to 're'are &ost e""ectivel, "or t!e ra'id obsolescence o" skills described above.A/ T!e co&'an, ill develo' a 'ro#ra& to o""er selected e&'lo,ees t!e o''ort%nit, to receive trainin# si( ,ears a"ter t!e, ere ori#inall, !ired. .1/ T!e co&'an, ill increase its invest&ent in AMT ever, ,ear "or a 'eriod o" at least "ive ,ears. .C/ T!e co&'an, ill 'eriodicall, s%rve, its e&'lo,ees to deter&ine !o t!e introd%ction o" AMT !as a""ected t!e&. .3/ 1e"ore t!e introd%ction o" AMT9 t!e co&'an, ill instit%te an ed%cational 'ro#ra& to in"or& its e&'lo,ees o" t!e 'robable conse0%ences o" t!e introd%ction o" AMT. .E/ T!e co&'an, ill ens%re t!at it can o""er its e&'lo,ees an, trainin# necessar, "or &eetin# t!eir +ob re0%ire&ents. <. Installin# scr%bbers in s&okestacks and s itc!in# to cleaner8b%rnin# "%el are t!e t o &et!ods available to 2ort!ern Fo er "or red%cin# !ar&"%l e&issions "ro& its 'lants. Scr%bbers ill red%ce !ar&"%l e&issions &ore t!an cleaner8b%rnin# "%els ill. T!ere"ore9 b, installin# scr%bbers9 2ort!ern Fo er ill be doin# t!e &ost t!at can be done to red%ce !ar&"%l e&issions "ro& its 'lants. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ S itc!in# to cleaner8b%rnin# "%el ill not be &ore e('ensive t!an installin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1GH

scr%bbers. .1/ 2ort!ern Fo er can c!oose "ro& a&on# vario%s kinds o" scr%bbers9 so&e o" !ic! are &ore e""ective t!an ot!ers. .C/ 2ort!ern Fo er is not necessaril, co&&itted to red%cin# !ar&"%l e&issions "ro& its 'lants. .3/ :ar&"%l e&issions "ro& 2ort!ern Fo ers 'lants cannot be red%ced &ore b, %sin# bot! &et!ods to#et!er t!an b, t!e installation o" scr%bbers alone. .E/ Aside "ro& !ar&"%l e&issions "ro& t!e s&okestacks o" its 'lants9 t!e activities o" 2ort!ern Fo er do not ca%se si#ni"icant air 'oll%tion. C. So&e ant!ro'olo#ists st%d, &odern8da, societies o" "ora#ers in an e""ort to learn abo%t o%r ancient ancestors !o ere also "ora#ers. A "la in t!is strate#, is t!at "ora#er societies are e(tre&el, varied. Indeed9 an, "ora#er societ, it! !ic! ant!ro'olo#ists are "a&iliar !as !ad considerable contact it! &odern non"ora#er societies. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e criticis& &ade above o" t!e ant!ro'olo#ists strate#,.A/ All "ora#er societies t!ro%#!o%t !istor, !ave !ad a n%&ber o" i&'ortant "eat%res in co&&on t!at are absent "ro& ot!er t,'es o" societies. .1/ Most ancient "ora#er societies eit!er dissolved or &ade a transition to anot!er a, o" li"e. .C/ All ant!ro'olo#ists st%d, one kind or anot!er o" &odern8da, societ,. .3/ Man, ant!ro'olo#ists !o st%d, &odern8da, "ora#er societies do not dra in"erences abo%t ancient societies on t!e basis o" t!eir st%dies. .E/ Even t!ose &odern8da, "ora#er societies t!at !ave not !ad si#ni"icant contact it! &odern societies are i&'ortantl, di""erent "ro& ancient "ora#er societies. @. Ma,or: In eac! o" t!e 'ast "ive ,ears9 t!e cit, !as c%t sc!ool "%ndin# and eac! ti&e sc!ool o""icials co&'lained t!at t!e c%ts o%ld "orce t!e& to red%ce e('endit%res "or essential services. 1%t eac! ti&e9 onl, e('endit%res "or nonessential services ere act%all, red%ced. So sc!ool o""icials can i&'le&ent "%rt!er c%ts it!o%t red%cin# an, e('endit%res "or essential services. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e &a,ors concl%sion.A/ T!e cit,s sc!ools !ave al a,s 'rovided essential services as e""icientl, as t!e, !ave 'rovided nonessential services. .1/ S%""icient "%nds are c%rrentl, available to allo t!e cit,s sc!ools to 'rovide so&e nonessential services. .C/ Frice esti&ates 0%oted to t!e cit,s sc!ools "or t!e 'rovision o" nonessential services !ave not increased s%bstantiall, since t!e &ost recent sc!ool "%ndin# c%t. .3/ $e in"l%ential cit, ad&inistrators s%''ort t!e "%ndin# o" costl, nonessential http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1AI

services in t!e cit,s sc!ools. .E/ T!e cit,s sc!ool o""icials rarel, e(a##erate t!e 'otential i&'act o" t!reatened "%ndin# c%ts. G. Advertise&ent: $or sin%s 'ain9 t!ree o%t o" "o%r !os'itals #ive t!eir 'atients 2ove(. So !en ,o% ant t!e &ost e""ective 'ainkiller "or sin%s 'ain9 2ove( is t!e one to c!oose. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e advertise&ents ar#%&ent.A/ So&e co&'etin# brands o" 'ainkillers are intended to red%ce ot!er kinds o" 'ain in addition to sin%s 'ain. .1/ Man, !os'itals t!at do not %s%all, %se 2ove( ill do so "or t!ose 'atients !o cannot tolerate t!e dr%# t!e !os'itals %s%all, %se. .C/ Man, dr%# &an%"act%rers increase sales o" t!eir 'rod%cts to !os'itals b, sellin# t!ese 'rod%cts to t!e !os'itals at t!e lo est 'rice t!e &an%"act%rers can a""ord. .3/ =nlike so&e co&'etin# brands o" 'ainkillers9 2ove( is available "ro& '!ar&acies it!o%t a doctors 'rescri'tion. .E/ In clinical trials 2ove( !as been "o%nd &ore e""ective t!an co&'etin# brands o" 'ainkillers t!at !ave been on t!e &arket lon#er t!an 2ove(. A. A re'ort t!at &an, a''les contain a cancer8ca%sin# 'reservative called Alar a''arentl, !ad little e""ect on cons%&ers. $e cons%&ers 'lanned to c!an#e t!eir a''le8b%,in# !abits as a res%lt o" t!e re'ort. 2onet!eless9 sales o" a''les in #rocer, stores "ell s!ar'l, in Marc!9 a &ont! a"ter t!e re'ort as iss%ed. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains t!e reason "or t!e a''arent discre'anc, described above.A/ In Marc!9 &an, #rocers re&oved a''les "ro& t!eir s!elves in order to de&onstrate concern abo%t t!eir c%sto&ers !ealt!. .1/ 1eca%se o" a #ro in# n%&ber o" "ood8sa"et, arnin#s9 cons%&ers in Marc! ere indi""erent to s%c! arnin#s. .C/ T!e re'ort as delivered on television and also a''eared in ne s'a'ers. .3/ T!e re'ort did not &ention t!at an, ot!er "r%it contains Alar9 alt!o%#! t!e 'reservative is %sed on ot!er "r%it. .E/ F%blic !ealt! o""icials did not believe t!at a''les 'osed a !ealt! t!reat beca%se onl, &in%te traces o" Alar ere 'resent in a""ected a''les. B. A ne la #ives o ners!i' o" 'atentsKdoc%&ents 'rovidin# e(cl%sive ri#!t to &ake and sell an inventionKto %niversities9 not t!e #overn&ent9 !en t!ose 'atents res%lt "ro& #overn&ent8s'onsored %niversit, researc!. Ad&inistrators at Lo#os =niversit, 'lan to sell an, 'atents t!e, ac0%ire to cor'orations in order to "%nd 'ro#ra&s to i&'rove %nder#rad%ate teac!in#.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1A1

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast &ost do%bt on t!e viabilit, o" t!e colle#e ad&inistrators 'lan described above.A/ Fro"it8&akin# cor'orations interested in develo'in# 'rod%cts based on 'atents !eld b, %niversities are likel, to tr, to serve as e(cl%sive s'onsors o" on#oin# %niversit, researc! 'ro+ects. .1/ Cor'orate s'onsors o" researc! in %niversit, "acilities are entitled to ta( credits %nder ne "ederal ta(8code #%idelines. .C/ Researc! scientists at Lo#os =niversit, !ave "e or no teac!in# res'onsibilities and 'artici'ate little i" at all in t!e %nder#rad%ate 'ro#ra&s in t!eir "ield. .3/ Govern&ent8s'onsored researc! cond%cted at Lo#os =niversit, "or t!e &ost 'art d%'licates researc! alread, co&'leted b, several 'ro"it8&akin# cor'orations. .E/ Lo#os =niversit, is %nlikel, to attract cor'orate s'onsors!i' o" its scienti"ic researc!. H. Contrar, to earlier 'redictions9 de&and "or s%#arcane !as not increased in recent ,ears. *et9 even t!o%#! 'rices and 'rod%ction a&o%nts !ave also been stable d%rin# t!e last t!ree ,ears9 s%#arcane #ro ers last ,ear increased t!eir 'ro"its b, &ore t!an ten 'ercent over t!e 'revio%s ,ears level. An, o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 abo%t last ,ear9 !el's to e('lain t!e rise in 'ro"its EECEFT: .A/ Man, co%ntries t!at are lar#e cons%&ers o" s%#arcane increased t!eir 'rod%ction o" s%#arcane8based et!anol9 ,et t!eir overall cons%&'tion o" s%#arcane decreased. .1/ S%#arcane #ro ers !ave saved &one, on a#es b, s itc!in# "ro& 'a,in# laborers an !o%rl, a#e to 'a,in# t!e& b, t!e a&o%nt !arvested. .C/ T!e 'rice o" oil9 t!e &a+or ener#, so%rce %sed b, s%#arcane #ro ers in !arvestin# t!eir cro's9 dro''ed b, over t ent, 'ercent. .3/ Man, s&all s%#arcane #ro ers +oined to#et!er to "or& an association o" s%#arcane 'rod%cers and be#an to b%, s%''lies at lo #ro%' rates. .E/ Rain"all in s%#arcane8#ro in# re#ions as !i#!er t!an it !ad been d%rin# t!e 'revio%s ,ear9 allo in# t!e #ro ers to save &one, on e('ensive arti"icial irri#ation. 1I. I" t!e co%nt, contin%es to collect residential tras! at c%rrent levels9 land"ills ill soon be over"lo in# and 'arkland ill need to be %sed in order to create &ore s'ace. C!ar#in# eac! !o%se!old a "ee "or eac! 'o%nd o" tras! it '%ts o%t "or collection ill ind%ce residents to red%ce t!e a&o%nt o" tras! t!e, createD t!is c!ar#e ill t!ere"ore 'rotect t!e re&ainin# co%nt, 'arkland. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade in dra in# t!e concl%sion above.A/ Residents ill red%ce t!e a&o%nt o" tras! t!e, '%t o%t "or collection b, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1A5

red%cin# t!e n%&ber o" 'rod%cts t!e, b%,. .1/ T!e collection "ee ill not si#ni"icantl, a""ect t!e '%rc!asin# 'o er o" &ost residents9 even i" t!eir !o%se!olds do not red%ce t!e a&o%nt o" tras! t!e, '%t o%t. .C/ T!e collection "ee ill not ind%ce residents to d%&' t!eir tras! in t!e 'arklands ille#all,. .3/ T!e bea%t, o" co%nt, 'arkland is an i&'ortant iss%e "or &ost o" t!e co%nt,s residents. .E/ Land"ills o%tside t!e co%nt,s borders co%ld be %sed as d%&'in# sites "or t!e co%nt,s tras!. Questions 11-1! are based on the following. Environ&entalist: T!e co&&issioner o" t!e $is! and Ga&e A%t!orit, o%ld !ave t!e '%blic believe t!at increases in t!e n%&ber o" &arine "is! ca%#!t de&onstrate t!at t!is reso%rce is no lon#er endan#ered. T!is is a s'ecio%s ar#%&ent9 as %nso%nd as it o%ld be to assert t!at t!e ever8increasin# rate at !ic! rain "orests are bein# c%t do n de&onstrates a lack o" dan#er to t!at reso%rce. T!e real ca%se o" t!e increased "is!8 catc! is a #reater e""icienc, in %sin# tec!nolo#ies t!at de'lete reso%rces. 11. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# strate#ies is %sed in t!e 'resentation o" t!e environ&entalists 'osition.A/ N%estionin# t!e &otives o" an o''onent .1/ S!o in# t!at an o''osin# 'osition is sel"8contradictor, .C/ Attackin# an ar#%&ent t!ro%#! t!e %se o" an analo#, .3/ 3e&onstratin# t!e inacc%rac, o" certain data .E/ Fointin# o%t adverse conse0%ences o" a 'ro'osal 15. T!e environ&entalists state&ents9 i" tr%e9 best s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# as a concl%sion.A/ T!e %se o" tec!nolo#, is t!e reason "or t!e increasin# encroac!&ent o" 'eo'le on nat%re. .1/ It is 'ossible to deter&ine !o &an, "is! are in t!e sea in so&e a, ot!er t!an b, catc!in# "is!. .C/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" &arine "is! t!at are ca%#!t is as !i#! as t!e 'ro'ortion o" rain8"orest trees t!at are c%t do n eac! ,ear. .3/ Modern tec!nolo#ies aste reso%rces b, catc!in# inedible "is!. .E/ Marine "is! contin%e to be an endan#ered reso%rce. 1<. 1io&etric access8control s,ste&sKt!ose %sin# "in#er'rints9 voice'rints9 etc.9 to re#%late ad&ittance to restricted areasK ork b, de#rees o" si&ilarit,9 not b, identit,. A"ter all9 even t!e sa&e "in#er ill rarel, leave e(actl, identical 'rints. S%c! s,ste&s can be ad+%sted to &ini&i)e re"%sals o" access to le#iti&ate access8 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1A<

seekers. S%c! ad+%st&ents9 !o ever9 increase t!e likeli!ood o" ad&ittin# i&'ostors. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ I" a bio&etric access8control s,ste& ere &ade to ork b, identit,9 it o%ld not 'rod%ce an, correct ad&ittance decisions. .1/ I" a bio&etric access8control s,ste& reliabl, 'revents i&'ostors "ro& bein# ad&itted9 it ill so&eti&es t%rn a a, le#iti&ate access8seekers. .C/ 1io&etric access8control s,ste&s are a''ro'riate onl, in sit%ations in !ic! ad&ittance o" i&'ostors is less o" a 'roble& t!an is &istaken re"%sal o" access. .3/ 2onbio&etric access8control s,ste&sKbased9 "or e(a&'le9 on n%&erical codesKare less likel, t!an bio&etric ones to ad&it i&'ostors. .E/ An,one c!oosin# an access8control s,ste& s!o%ld base t!e c!oice solel, on t!e ratio o" "alse re"%sals to "alse ad&ittances. 1C. Alt!o%#! co&'%ters can en!ance 'eo'les abilit, to co&&%nicate9 co&'%ter #a&es are a ca%se o" %nderdevelo'ed co&&%nication skills in c!ildren. A"ter8 sc!ool !o%rs s'ent 'la,in# co&'%ter #a&es are !o%rs not s'ent talkin# it! 'eo'le. T!ere"ore9 c!ildren !o s'end all t!eir s'are ti&e 'la,in# t!ese #a&es !ave less e('erience in inter'ersonal co&&%nication t!an ot!er c!ildren !ave. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Fassive activities s%c! as atc!in# television and listenin# to &%sic do not !inder t!e develo'&ent o" co&&%nication skills in c!ildren. .1/ Most c!ildren !ave ot!er o''ort%nities9 in addition to a"ter8sc!ool !o%rs9 in !ic! t!e, can c!oose !et!er to 'la, co&'%ter #a&es or to interact it! ot!er 'eo'le. .C/ C!ildren !o do not s'end all o" t!eir a"ter8sc!ool !o%rs 'la,in# co&'%ter #a&es s'end at least so&e o" t!at ti&e talkin# it! ot!er 'eo'le. .3/ $or&al instr%ction contrib%tes little or not!in# to c!ildrens ac0%isition o" co&&%nication skills. .E/ T!e &ental skills develo'ed t!ro%#! 'la,in# co&'%ter #a&es do not contrib%te si#ni"icantl, to c!ildrens intellect%al develo'&ent. 1@. 7ne variet, o" 'artiall, biode#radable 'lastic bevera#e container is &an%"act%red "ro& s&all bits o" 'lastic bo%nd to#et!er b, a de#radable bondin# a#ent s%c! as cornstarc!. Since onl, t!e bondin# a#ent de#rades9 leavin# t!e s&all bits o" 'lastic9 no less 'lastic re"%se 'er container is 'rod%ced !en s%c! containers are discarded t!an !en co&'arable nonbiode#radable containers are discarded. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 1ot! 'artiall, biode#radable and nonbiode#radable 'lastic bevera#e containers can be cr%s!ed co&'letel, "lat b, re"%se co&'actors. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1AC

.1/ T!e 'artiall, biode#radable 'lastic bevera#e containers are &ade it! &ore 'lastic t!an co&'arable nonbiode#radable ones in order to co&'ensate "or t!e eakenin# e""ect o" t!e bo%ndin# a#ents. .C/ Man, cons%&ers are ecolo#,8&inded and 're"er to b%, a 'rod%ct sold in t!e 'artiall, biode#radable 'lastic bevera#e containers rat!er t!an in nonbiode#radable containers9 even i" t!e 'rice is !i#!er. .3/ T!e &an%"act%rin# 'rocess "or t!e 'artiall, biode#radable 'lastic bevera#e containers res%lts in less 'lastic aste t!an t!e &an%"act%rin# 'rocess "or nonbiode#radable 'lastic bevera#e containers. .E/ Tec!nolo#ical 'roble&s it! rec,clin# c%rrentl, 'revent t!e re%se as "ood or bevera#e containers o" t!e 'lastic "ro& eit!er t,'e o" 'lastic bevera#e container. 1G. Co&&entator: T!e t!eor, o" trade retaliation states t!at co%ntries closed o%t o" an, o" anot!er co%ntr,s &arkets s!o%ld close so&e o" t!eir o n &arkets to t!e ot!er co%ntr, in order to 'ress%re t!e ot!er co%ntr, to reo'en its &arkets. I" ever, co%ntr, acted accordin# to t!is t!eor,9 no co%ntr, o%ld trade it! an, ot!er. T!e co&&entators ar#%&ent relies on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 2o co%ntr, act%all, acts accordin# to t!e t!eor, o" trade retaliation. .1/ 2o co%ntr, s!o%ld block an, o" its &arkets to "orei#n trade. .C/ Trade dis'%tes s!o%ld be settled b, international trib%nal. .3/ $or an, t o co%ntries9 at least one !as so&e &arket closed to t!e ot!er. .E/ Co%ntries close t!eir &arkets to "orei#ners to 'rotect do&estic 'rod%cers. TEST 1G 25 Minutes 16 Questions 1. T!e c!anterelle9 a t,'e o" ild &%s!roo&9 #ro s beneat! !ost trees s%c! as t!e 3o%#las "ir9 !ic! 'rovide it it! necessar, s%#ars. T!e %nder#ro%nd "ila&ents o" c!anterelles9 !ic! e(tract t!e s%#ars9 in t%rn 'rovide n%trients and ater "or t!eir !osts. 1eca%se o" t!is &%t%all, bene"icial relations!i'9 !arvestin# t!e c!anterelles #ro in# beneat! a 3o%#las "ir serio%sl, endan#ers t!e tree. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost do%bt on t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ T!e n%&ber o" ild &%s!roo&s !arvested !as increased in recent ,ears. .1/ C!anterelles #ro not onl, beneat! 3o%#las "irs b%t also beneat! ot!er !ost trees. .C/ Man, t,'es o" ild &%s!roo&s are "o%nd onl, in "orests and cannot easil, be #ro n else !ere. .3/ T!e !arvestin# o" ild &%s!roo&s sti&%lates "%t%re #ro t! o" t!ose &%s!roo&s. .E/ *o%n# 3o%#las "ir seedlin#s die it!o%t t!e n%trients and ater 'rovided b, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1A@

c!anterelle "ila&ents. 5. T!e reason &%c! re"ri#erated "ood s'oils is t!at it ends %' o%t o" si#!t at t!e back o" t!e s!el". So !, not !ave ro%nd s!elves t!at rotate- 1eca%se s%c! rotatin# s!elves o%ld !ave +%st t!e sa&e sort o" dra back9 since t!in#s o%ld "all o"" t!e s!elves ed#es into t!e rear corners. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is 'res%''osed in t!e ar#%&ent a#ainst introd%cin# rotatin# s!elves.A/ Re"ri#erators o%ld not be &ade so t!at t!eir interior s'ace is c,lindrical. .1/ Re"ri#erators o%ld not be &ade to !ave a indo in "ront "or eas, vie in# o" t!eir contents it!o%t o'enin# t!e door. .C/ T!e 'roble& o" s'oila#e o" re"ri#erated "ood is not a&enable to an, sol%tion based on desi#n c!an#es. .3/ Re"ri#erators are so ell desi#ned t!at t!ere are bo%nd to be dra backs to an, desi#n c!an#e. .E/ Rotatin# s!elves o%ld be desi#ned to rotate onl, !ile t!e re"ri#erator door as o'en. <. It o%ld cost Roseto n one &illion dollars to re'air all o" its roads. In t!e ,ear a"ter co&'letion o" t!ose re'airs9 !o ever9 Roseto n o%ld t!ereb, avoid inc%rrin# t!ree &illion dollars ort! o" da&a#es9 since c%rrentl, Roseto n 'a,s t!at a&o%nt ann%all, in co&'ensation "or da&a#e done to cars eac! ,ear b, its %nre'aired roads. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 #ives t!e stron#est s%''ort to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Co&&%nities borderin# on Roseto n also 'a, co&'ensation "or da&a#e done to cars b, t!eir %nre'aired roads. .1/ A"ter an, Roseto n road !as been re'aired9 several ,ears ill ela'se be"ore t!at road be#ins to da&a#e cars. .C/ Roseto n o%ld need to raise additional ta(es i" it ere to s'end one &illion dollars in one ,ear on road re'airs. .3/ T!e de#ree o" da&a#e ca%sed to Roseto ns roads b, !ars! eat!er can var, idel, "ro& ,ear to ,ear. .E/ Tr%cks ca%se &%c! o" t!e ear on Roseto ns roads9 b%t o ners o" cars "ile al&ost all o" t!e clai&s "or co&'ensation "or da&a#e ca%sed b, %nre'aired roads. C. T o e('eri&ental #arden 'lots ere eac! 'lanted it! t!e sa&e n%&ber o" to&ato 'lants. Ma#nesi%& salts ere added to t!e "irst 'lot b%t not to t!e second. T!e "irst 'lot 'rod%ced 5I 'o%nds o" to&atoes and t!e second 'lot 'rod%ced 1I 'o%nds. Since not!in# else b%t ater as added to eit!er 'lot9 t!e !i#!er ,ields in t!e "irst 'lot &%st !ave been d%e to t!e &a#nesi%& salts.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1AG

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ A s&all a&o%nt o" t!e &a#nesi%& salts "ro& t!e "irst 'lot leac!ed into t!e second 'lot. .1/ To&ato 'lants in a t!ird e('eri&ental 'lot9 to !ic! a !i#!8nitro#en "ertili)er as added9 b%t no &a#nesi%& salts9 'rod%ced 1@ 'o%nds o" to&atoes. .C/ $o%r di""erent t,'es o" to&atoes ere #ro n in e0%al 'ro'ortions in eac! o" t!e 'lots. .3/ So&e eeds t!at co&'ete it! to&atoes cannot tolerate !i#! a&o%nts o" &a#nesi%& salts in t!e soil. .E/ T!e t o e('eri&ental 'lots di""ered "ro& eac! ot!er it! res'ect to soil te(t%re and e('os%re to s%nli#!t. @. Arc!aeolo#ists !ave "o%nd !eeled cera&ic to,s &ade b, t!e Toltec9 t el"t!8 cent%r, in!abitants o" !at is no 4eracr%). Alt!o%#! t!ere is no arc!aeolo#ical evidence t!at t!e Toltec %sed !eels "or an,t!in# b%t to,s9 so&e ant!ro'olo#ists !,'ot!esi)e t!at !eeled %tilit, ve!icles ere %sed to carr, &aterials needed "or t!e &on%&ental str%ct%res t!e Toltec 'rod%ced. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost !el' t!e ant!ro'olo#ists e('lain t!e lack o" evidence noted above.A/ T!e Toltec so&eti&es incor'orated into t!eir to,s re'resentations o" %tensils or ot!er devices t!at served so&e 'ractical '%r'ose. .1/ An, !eeled %tilit, ve!icles %sed b, t!e Toltec co%ld !ave been &ade entirel, o" ood9 and %nlike cera&ic9 ood deca,s ra'idl, in t!e !%&id cli&ate o" 4eracr%). .C/ Carvin#s in &on%&ent alls s%##est t!at t!e Toltecs !eeled cera&ic to,s so&eti&es !ad rit%al %ses in addition to bein# %sed b, bot! c!ildren and ad%lts as decorations and 'la,t!in#s. .3/ 6!eeled %tilit, ve!icles ere %sed d%rin# t!e t el"t! cent%r, in &an, areas o" t!e orld9 b%t d%rin# t!is ti&e !eeled to,s ere not ver, co&&on in areas o%tside 4eracr%). .E/ So&e o" t!e !eeled cera&ic to,s ere "o%nd near t!e re&ains o" &on%&ental str%ct%res. G. 3e&o#ra'!ers doin# researc! "or an international econo&ics ne sletter clai& t!at t!e avera#e 'er ca'ita inco&e in t!e co%ntr, o" M%'tala is s%bstantiall, lo er t!an t!at in t!e co%ntr, o" 1a!lton. T!e, also clai&9 !o ever9 t!at !ereas 'overt, is relativel, rare in M%'tala9 over !al" t!e 'o'%lation o" 1a!lton lives in e(tre&e 'overt,. At least one o" t!e de&o#ra'!ers clai&s &%st9 t!ere"ore9 be ron#. T!e ar#%&ent above is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It re+ects an e&'irical clai& abo%t t!e avera#e 'er ca'ita inco&es in t!e t o co%ntries it!o%t &akin# an, atte&'t to discredit t!at clai& b, o""erin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1AA

additional econo&ic evidence. .1/ It treats t!e va#%e ter& >'overt,? as t!o%#! it !ad a 'recise and %niversall, acce'ted &eanin#. .C/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le in t!e t o co%ntries !o live in 'overt, co%ld be t!e sa&e even t!o%#! t!e 'ercenta#es o" t!e t o 'o'%lations t!at live in 'overt, di""er &arkedl,. .3/ It "ails to s!o t!at ealt! and 'overt, !ave t!e sa&e social si#ni"icance in M%'tala as in 1a!lton. .E/ It does not consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at inco&es in M%'tala9 %nlike t!ose in 1a!lton9 &i#!t all be ver, close to t!e co%ntr,s avera#e 'er ca'ita inco&e. A. 2or&all,9 increases in t!e 'rice o" a 'rod%ct decrease its sales e(ce't !en t!e 'rice increase acco&'anies an i&'rove&ent in t!e 'rod%ct. 6ine is %n%s%al9 !o ever. 7"ten increases in t!e 'rice o" a 'artic%lar 'rod%cers ine ill res%lt in increased sales9 even !en t!e ine itsel" is %nc!an#ed. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does &ost to e('lain t!e ano&al, described above.A/ T!e retail ine &arket is c!aracteri)ed b, an e(tre&el, ide ran#e o" co&'etin# 'rod%cts. .1/ Man, cons%&ers &ake decisions abo%t !ic! ines to '%rc!ase on t!e basis o" revie s o" ine '%blis!ed in books and 'eriodicals. .C/ Cons%&ers selectin# ine in a store o"ten %se t!e 'rice c!ar#ed as t!eir &ain #%ide to t!e ines 0%alit,. .3/ 6ine retailers and 'rod%cers can #enerall, increase t!e sales o" a 'artic%lar ine te&'oraril, b, introd%cin# a 'rice disco%nt. .E/ Cons%&ers !o '%rc!ase ine re#%larl, #enerall, !ave stron# o'inions abo%t !ic! ines t!e, 're"er. B. T!e recent decline in land 'rices !as !%rt &an, instit%tions t!at !ad invested !eavil, in real estate. Last ,ear9 be"ore t!e decline be#an9 a local colle#e added 59III acres to its !oldin#s. T!e colle#e9 !o ever9 did not '%rc!ase t!e land b%t received it as a #i"t. T!ere"ore t!e 'rice decline ill 'robabl, not a""ect t!e colle#e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts &ost do%bt on t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e 59III acres t!at t!e colle#e as #iven last ,ear are located it!in t!e sa&e co&&%nit, as t!e colle#e itsel". .1/ T!e colle#e %s%all, receives &ore contrib%tions o" &one, t!an o" real estate. .C/ Land 'rices in t!e re#ion in !ic! t!e colle#e is located are c%rrentl, !i#!er t!an t!e national avera#e. .3/ Last ,ear9 t!e a&o%nt t!at t!e colle#e allocated to 'a, "or renovations incl%ded &one, it e('ected to receive b, sellin# so&e o" its land t!is ,ear.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1AB

.E/ Last ,ear9 t!e colle#e 'aid no 'ro'ert, ta(es on land occ%'ied b, colle#e b%ildin#s b%t instead 'aid "ees to co&'ensate t!e local #overn&ent "or services 'rovided. H. Civil trials o"ten involve #reat co&'le(ities t!at are be,ond t!e ca'acities o" +%rors to %nderstand. As a res%lt9 +%rors decisions in s%c! trials are "re0%entl, incorrect. J%stice o%ld t!ere"ore be better served i" t!e &ore co&'le( trials ere decided b, +%d#es rat!er t!an +%ries. T!e ar#%&ent above de'ends on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ A &a+orit, o" civil trials involve co&'le(ities t!at +%rors are not ca'able o" %nderstandin#. .1/ T!e +%d#es !o o%ld decide co&'le( civil trials o%ld be better able to %nderstand t!e co&'le(ities o" t!ose trials t!an +%rors are. .C/ T!e +%d#es !o o%ld 'reside over civil trials o%ld disallo t!e &ost co&'le( sorts o" evidence "ro& bein# introd%ced into t!ose trials. .3/ J%rors decisions are "re0%entl, incorrect even in t!ose civil trials t!at do not involve #reat co&'le(ities. .E/ T!e sole reason in "avor o" !avin# +%ries decide civil trials is t!e s%''osition t!at t!eir decisions ill al&ost al a,s be correct. 1I. So&e s'ecies o" dol'!ins "ind t!eir 're, b, ec!olocationD t!e, e&it clickin# so%nds and listen "or ec!oes ret%rnin# "ro& distant ob+ects in t!e ater. Marine biolo#ists !ave s'ec%lated t!at t!ose sa&e clickin# so%nds &i#!t !ave a second "%nction: 'artic%larl, lo%d clicks &i#!t be %sed b, t!e dol'!ins to st%n t!eir 're, at close ran#e t!ro%#! sensor, overload. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" discovered to be tr%e9 o%ld cast t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e correctness o" t!e s'ec%lation described above.A/ 3ol'!ins t!at %se ec!olocation to locate distant 're, also e&it "re0%ent clicks at inter&ediate distances as t!e, close in on t!eir 're,. .1/ T!e %se"%lness o" ec!olocation as a &eans o" locatin# 're, de'ends on t!e clickin# so%nds bein# o" a t,'e t!at t!e 're, is inca'able o" 'erceivin#9 re#ardless o" vol%&e. .C/ I" dol'!ins st%n t!eir 're,9 t!e e""ect is bo%nd to be so te&'orar, t!at st%nnin# "ro& "ar a a,9 even i" 'ossible9 o%ld be ine""ective. .3/ Ec!olocation a''ears to #ive dol'!ins t!at %se it in"or&ation abo%t t!e ric!ness o" a so%rce o" "ood as ell as abo%t its direction. .E/ T!e &ore distant a dol'!ins 're,9 t!e lo%der t!e ec!olocation clicks &%st be i" t!e, are to reveal t!e 're,s 'resence to t!e !%ntin# dol'!in. 11. Advertise&ent: T!e orlds best co""ee beans co&e "ro& Colo&bia. T!e &ore Colo&bian beans in a blend o" co""ee9 t!e better t!e blend9 and no co&'an, '%rc!ases &ore Colo&bian beans t!an Mree&o Co""ee9 Inc. So it onl, stands to reason t!at i" ,o% b%, a can o" Mree&os co""ee9 ,o%re b%,in# t!e best blended http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1AH

co""ee available toda,. T!e reasonin# o" t!e ar#%&ent in t!e advertise&ent is "la ed beca%se it overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at .A/ t!e e0%i'&ent %sed b, Mree&o to blend and 'acka#e its co""ee is no di""erent "ro& t!at %sed b, &ost ot!er co""ee 'rod%cers .1/ not all o" Mree&os co&'etitors %se Colo&bian co""ee beans in t!e blends o" co""ee t!e, sell .C/ Mree&o sells &ore co""ee t!an does an, ot!er co&'an, .3/ Mree&os co""ee is t!e &ost e('ensive blended co""ee available toda, .E/ t!e best %nblended co""ee is better t!an t!e best blended co""ee 15. T!e onl, '%r'ose "or !ic! a 'artic%lar t,'e o" ta'e is needed is to !old certain s%r#ical o%nds closed "or ten da,sKt!e &a(i&%& ti&e s%c! o%nds need ta'e. 2e ta'e is a ne brand o" t!is t,'e o" ta'e. 2e ta'es sales'eo'le clai& t!at 2e ta'e ill i&'rove !ealin# beca%se 2e ta'e ad!eres t ice as lon# as t!e c%rrentl, %sed ta'e does. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, call into 0%estion t!e clai& &ade b, 2e ta'es sales'eo'le.A/ Most s%r#ical o%nds take abo%t ten da,s to !eal. .1/ Most s%r#ical ta'e is '%rc!ased b, !os'itals and clinics rat!er t!an b, individ%al s%r#eons. .C/ T!e c%rrentl, %sed ta'es ad!esiveness is &ore t!an s%""icient to !old o%nds closed "or ten da,s. .3/ 2eit!er 2e ta'e nor t!e c%rrentl, %sed ta'e ad!eres ell to skin t!at !as not been cleaned. .E/ 2e ta'es ad!esion to skin t!at !as been coated it! a s'ecial c!e&ical 're'aration is onl, !al" as #ood as t!e c%rrentl, %sed ta'es ad!esion to s%c! coated skin. 1<. A severe dro%#!t can act%all, lessen t!e total a&o%nt o" #overn&ent aid t!at =nited States "ar&ers receive as a #ro%'. T!e #overn&ent 'a,s "ar&ers t!e a&o%nt9 i" an,9 b, !ic! t!e &arket 'rice at !ic! cro's are act%all, sold "alls s!ort o" a 'reset tar#et 'rice 'er b%s!el "or t!e cro's. T!e dro%#!t o" 1HB<9 "or e(a&'le9 ca%sed "ar&8'ro#ra& 'a,&ents to dro' b, L1I billion. Given t!e in"or&ation above9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains !, t!e dro%#!t o" 1HB< res%lted in a red%ction in "ar&8'ro#ra& 'a,&ents.A/ Frior to t!e dro%#!t o" 1HB<9 t!e #overn&ent raised t!e tar#et 'rice "or cro's in order to aid "ar&ers in red%cin# t!eir debt loads. .1/ 3%e to t!e dro%#!t o" 1HB<9 =nited States "ar&ers e('orted less "ood in 1HB< t!an in t!e 'recedin# ,ear. .C/ 3%e to t!e dro%#!t o" 1HB<9 =nited States "ar&ers !ad s&aller !arvests and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1BI

t!%s received a !i#!er &arket 'rice "or t!e 1HB< cro' t!an "or t!e lar#er cro' o" t!e 'recedin# ,ear. .3/ 3%e to t!e dro%#!t o" 1HB<9 =nited States "ar&ers 'lanned to 'lant s&aller cro's in 1HBC t!an t!e, !ad in 1HB<. .E/ 3es'ite t!e dro%#!t o" 1HB<9 retail 'rices "or "ood did not increase si#ni"icantl, bet een 1HB5 and 1HB<. 1C. In order to increase reven%es9 an air'ort 'lans to c!an#e t!e 'arkin# "ees it c!ar#es at its !o%rl, 'arkin# lots. Rat!er t!an c!ar#in# L5.II "or t!e "irst t o8 !o%r 'eriod9 or 'art t!ereo"9 and L1.II "or eac! !o%r t!erea"ter9 t!e air'ort ill c!ar#e LC.II "or t!e "irst "o%r8!o%r 'eriod9 or 'art t!ereo"9 and L1.II "or eac! !o%r t!erea"ter. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is a consideration t!at9 i" tr%e9 s%##ests t!at t!e 'lan ill be s%ccess"%l in increasin# reven%es.A/ 4er, "e 'eo'le !o 'ark t!eir cars at t!e !o%rl, 'arkin# lot at t!e air'ort leave t!eir cars "or &ore t!an t o !o%rs at a ti&e. .1/ 7ver t!e 'ast several ,ears9 t!e cost to t!e air'ort o" o'eratin# its !o%rl, 'arkin# "acilities !as been #reater t!an t!e reven%es it !as received "ro& t!e&. .C/ Feo'le !o leave t!eir cars at t!e air'ort !ile on a tri' #enerall, 'ark t!eir cars in lots t!at c!ar#e b, t!e da, rat!er t!an b, t!e !o%r. .3/ A si#ni"icant 'ortion o" t!e &one, s'ent to o'erate t!e air'ort 'arkin# lot is s'ent to &aintain t!e "acilities rat!er t!an to 'a, t!e salaries o" t!e 'ersonnel !o collect t!e 'arkin# "ees. .E/ T!e !o%rl, 'arkin# lots at t!e air'ort !ave recentl, been e('anded and are t!ere"ore rarel, "illed to ca'acit,. 1@. In t!e co%rse o" !er researc!es9 a !istorian recentl, "o%nd t o doc%&ents &entionin# t!e sa&e 'erson9 Eric! Sc!nit)ler. 7ne9 dated Ma, <9 1A<H9 is a record o" Sc!nit)lers arrest "or 'eddlin# it!o%t a license. T!e second9 %ndated9 is a state&ent b, Sc!nit)ler assertin# t!at !e !as been 'eddlin# o"" and on "or 5I ,ears. T!e "acts above best s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ Sc!nit)ler started 'eddlin# aro%nd 1A1H. .1/ Sc!nit)ler as arrested re'eatedl, "or 'eddlin#. .C/ T!e %ndated doc%&ent as ritten be"ore 1AG@. .3/ T!e arrest record as ritten a"ter t!e %ndated doc%&ent. .E/ T!e arrest record 'rovides better evidence t!at Sc!nit)ler 'eddled t!an does t!e %ndated doc%&ent. 1G. T!e recent %'!eaval in t!e o""ice8e0%i'&ent retail b%siness9 in !ic! &an, s&all "ir&s !ave #one o%t o" b%siness9 !as been attrib%ted to t!e advent o" o""ice http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1B1

e0%i'&ent >s%'erstores? !ose !i#! sales vol%&e kee's t!eir 'rices lo . T!is anal,sis is "la ed9 !o ever9 since even toda, t!e s%'erstores control a ver, s&all s!are o" t!e retail &arket. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent t!at t!e anal,sis is "la ed.A/ Most o" t!e lar#er c%sto&ers "or o""ice e0%i'&ent '%rc!ase %nder contract directl, "ro& &an%"act%rers and t!%s do not 'artici'ate in t!e retail &arket. .1/ T!e s%'erstores !eav, advertisin# o" t!eir lo 'rices !as "orced 'rices do n t!ro%#!o%t t!e retail &arket "or o""ice s%''lies. .C/ So&e o" t!e s%'erstores t!at onl, recentl, o'ened !ave t!e&selves #one o%t o" b%siness. .3/ Most o" t!e o""ice e0%i'&ent s%'erstores are o ned b, lar#e retailin# c!ains t!at also o n stores sellin# ot!er t,'es o" #oods. .E/ T!e #ro in# i&'ortance o" co&'%ters in &ost o""ices !as c!an#ed t!e kind o" o""ice e0%i'&ent retailers &%st stock. TEST 1A 25 Minutes 16 Questions 1. A re'ort on acid rain concl%ded9 >Most "orests in Canada are not bein# da&a#ed b, acid rain.? Critics o" t!e re'ort insist t!e concl%sion be c!an#ed to9 >Most "orests in Canada do not s!o visible s,&'to&s o" da&a#e b, acid rain9 s%c! as abnor&al loss o" leaves9 slo er rates o" #ro t!9 or !i#!er &ortalit,.? 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e best lo#ical +%sti"ication "or t!e critics insistence t!at t!e re'orts concl%sion be c!an#ed.A/ So&e "orests in Canada are bein# da&a#ed b, acid rain. .1/ Acid rain co%ld be ca%sin# da&a#e "or !ic! s,&'to&s !ave not ,et beco&e visible. .C/ T!e re'ort does not co&'are acid rain da&a#e to Canadian "orests it! acid rain da&a#e to "orests in ot!er co%ntries. .3/ All "orests in Canada !ave received acid rain d%rin# t!e 'ast "i"teen ,ears. .E/ T!e severit, o" da&a#e b, acid rain di""ers "ro& "orest to "orest. 5. In t!e 'ast &ost airline co&'anies &ini&i)ed aircra"t ei#!t to &ini&i)e "%el costs. T!e sa"est airline seats ere !eav,9 and airlines e0%i''ed t!eir 'lanes it! "e o" t!ese seats. T!is ,ear t!e seat t!at !as sold best to airlines !as been t!e sa"est oneKa clear indication t!at airlines are assi#nin# a !i#!er 'riorit, to sa"e seatin# t!an to &ini&i)in# "%el costs. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Last ,ears best8sellin# airline seat as not t!e sa"est airline seat on t!e &arket. .1/ 2o airline co&'an, !as anno%nced t!at it o%ld be &akin# sa"e seatin# a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1B5

!i#!er 'riorit, t!is ,ear. .C/ T!e 'rice o" "%el as !i#!er t!is ,ear t!an it !ad been in &ost o" t!e ,ears !en t!e sa"est airline seats sold 'oorl,. .3/ 1eca%se o" increases in t!e cost o" &aterials9 all airline seats ere &ore e('ensive to &an%"act%re t!is ,ear t!an in an, 'revio%s ,ear. .E/ 1eca%se o" tec!nolo#ical innovations9 t!e sa"est airline seat on t!e &arket t!is ,ear ei#!ed less t!an &ost ot!er airline seats on t!e &arket. <. A co&'%ter e0%i''ed it! si#nat%re8reco#nition so"t are9 !ic! restricts access to a co&'%ter to t!ose 'eo'le !ose si#nat%res are on "ile9 identi"ies a 'ersons si#nat%re b, anal,)in# not onl, t!e "or& o" t!e si#nat%re b%t also s%c! c!aracteristics as 'en 'ress%re and si#nin# s'eed. Even t!e &ost ade't "or#ers cannot d%'licate all o" t!e c!aracteristics t!e 'ro#ra& anal,)es. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# can be lo#icall, concl%ded "ro& t!e 'assa#e above.A/ T!e ti&e it takes to record and anal,)e a si#nat%re &akes t!e so"t are i&'ractical "or ever,da, %se. .1/ Co&'%ters e0%i''ed it! t!e so"t are ill soon be installed in &ost banks. .C/ 2obod, can #ain access to a co&'%ter e0%i''ed it! t!e so"t are solel, b, virt%e o" skill at "or#in# si#nat%res. .3/ Si#nat%re8reco#nition so"t are !as taken &an, ,ears to develo' and 'er"ect. .E/ In &an, cases even a%t!ori)ed %sers are denied le#iti&ate access to co&'%ters e0%i''ed it! t!e so"t are. C. 3ivision &ana#er: I ant to re'lace t!e Microton co&'%ters in &, division it! 4itec! co&'%ters. General &ana#er: 6!,3ivision &ana#er: It costs 5B 'ercent less to train ne sta"" on t!e 4itec!. General &ana#er: 1%t t!at is not a #ood eno%#! reason. 6e can si&'l, !ire onl, 'eo'le !o alread, kno !o to %se t!e Microton co&'%ter. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e #eneral &ana#ers ob+ection to t!e re'lace&ent o" Microton co&'%ters it! 4itec!s.A/ C%rrentl, all e&'lo,ees in t!e co&'an, are re0%ired to attend orks!o's on !o to %se Microton co&'%ters in ne a''lications. .1/ 7nce e&'lo,ees learn !o to %se a co&'%ter9 t!e, tend to c!an#e e&'lo,ers &ore readil, t!an be"ore. .C/ E('erienced %sers o" Microton co&'%ters co&&and &%c! !i#!er salaries t!an do 'ros'ective e&'lo,ees !o !ave no e('erience in t!e %se o" co&'%ters. .3/ T!e avera#e 'rod%ctivit, o" e&'lo,ees in t!e #eneral &ana#ers co&'an, is belo t!e avera#e 'rod%ctivit, o" t!e e&'lo,ees o" its co&'etitors. .E/ T!e !i#! costs o" re'lace&ent 'arts &ake 4itec! co&'%ters &ore e('ensive http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1B<

to &aintain t!an Microton co&'%ters. @. An air'lane en#ine &an%"act%rer develo'ed a ne en#ine &odel it! sa"et, "eat%res lackin# in t!e earlier &odel9 !ic! as still bein# &an%"act%red. 3%rin# t!e "irst ,ear t!at bot! ere sold9 t!e earlier &odel "ar o%tsold t!e ne &odelD t!e &an%"act%rer t!%s concl%ded t!at sa"et, as not t!e c%sto&ers 'ri&ar, consideration. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e &an%"act%rers concl%sion.A/ 1ot! 'rivate 'lane o ners and co&&ercial airlines b%, en#ines "ro& t!is air'lane en#ine &an%"act%rer. .1/ Man, c%sto&ers consider earlier en#ine &odels better sa"et, risks t!an ne en#ine &odels9 since &ore is %s%all, kno n abo%t t!e sa"et, o" t!e earlier &odels. .C/ Man, c%sto&ers o" t!is air'lane en#ine &an%"act%rer also bo%#!t air'lane en#ines "ro& &an%"act%rers !o did not 'rovide additional sa"et, "eat%res in t!eir ne er &odels. .3/ T!e ne er en#ine &odel can be %sed in all 'lanes in !ic! t!e earlier en#ine &odel can be %sed. .E/ T!ere as no si#ni"icant di""erence in 'rice bet een t!e ne er en#ine &odel and t!e earlier en#ine &odel. G. 1et een 1HA@ and 1HB@9 n%rsin#8!o&e occ%'anc, rates avera#ed BA 'ercent o" ca'acit,9 !ile ad&ission rates re&ained constant9 at an avera#e o" H@ ad&issions 'er 19III beds 'er ,ear. 1et een 1HB@ and 1HBB9 !o ever9 occ%'anc, rates rose to an avera#e o" H5 'ercent o" ca'acit,9 !ile ad&ission rates declined to B1 'er 19III beds 'er ,ear. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be &ost 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ T!e avera#e len#t! o" ti&e n%rsin#8!o&e residents sta,ed in n%rsin# !o&es increased bet een 1HB@ and 1HBB. .1/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" older 'eo'le livin# in n%rsin# !o&es as #reater in 1HBB t!an in 1HA@. .C/ 2%rsin# !o&e ad&ission rates tend to decline !enever occ%'anc, rates rise. .3/ 2%rsin# !o&es b%ilt 'rior to 1HB@ #enerall, !ad "e er beds t!an did n%rsin# !o&es b%ilt bet een 1HB@ and 1HBB. .E/ T!e &ore beds a n%rsin# !o&e !as9 t!e !i#!er its occ%'anc, rate is likel, to be. A. $ir&s ado'tin# >'ro"it8related8'a,? .FRF/ contracts 'a, a#es at levels t!at var, it! t!e "ir&s 'ro"its. In t!e &etal orkin# ind%str, last ,ear9 "ir&s it! FRF contracts in 'lace s!o ed 'rod%ctivit, 'er orker on avera#e 1< 'ercent !i#!er t!an t!at o" t!eir co&'etitors !o %sed &ore traditional contracts. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1BC

I"9 on t!e basis o" t!e evidence above9 it is ar#%ed t!at FRF contracts increase orker 'rod%ctivit,9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!at ar#%&ent.A/ Res%lts si&ilar to t!ose cited "or t!e &etal orkin# ind%str, !ave been "o%nd in ot!er ind%stries !ere FRF contracts are %sed. .1/ =nder FRF contracts costs ot!er t!an labor costs9 s%c! as 'lant9 &ac!iner,9 and ener#,9 &ake %' an increased 'ro'ortion o" t!e total cost o" eac! %nit o" o%t'%t. .C/ 1eca%se introd%cin# FRF contracts #reatl, c!an#es individ%al orkers relations!i's to t!e "ir&9 ne#otiatin# t!e introd%ction o" FRF contracts is co&'le( and ti&e cons%&in#. .3/ Man, "ir&s in t!e &etal orkin# ind%str, !ave &oderni)ed 'rod%ction e0%i'&ent in t!e last "ive ,ears9 and &ost o" t!ese introd%ced FRF contracts at t!e sa&e ti&e. .E/ In "ir&s in t!e &etal orkin# ind%str, !ere FRF contracts are in 'lace9 t!e avera#e take8!o&e 'a, is 1@ 'ercent !i#!er t!an it is in t!ose "ir&s !ere orkers !ave &ore traditional contracts. B. Cro's can be traded on t!e "%t%res &arket be"ore t!e, are !arvested. I" a 'oor corn !arvest is 'redicted9 'rices o" corn "%t%res riseD i" a bo%nti"%l corn !arvest is 'redicted9 'rices o" corn "%t%res "all. T!is &ornin# &eteorolo#ists are 'redictin# &%c!8needed rain "or t!e corn8#ro in# re#ion startin# to&orro . T!ere"ore9 since ade0%ate &oist%re is essential "or t!e c%rrent cro's s%rvival9 'rices o" corn "%t%res ill "all s!ar'l, toda,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Corn t!at does not receive ade0%ate &oist%re d%rin# its critical 'ollination sta#e ill not 'rod%ce a bo%nti"%l !arvest. .1/ $%t%res 'rices "or corn !ave been "l%ct%atin# &ore dra&aticall, t!is season t!an last season. .C/ T!e rain t!at &eteorolo#ists 'redicted "or to&orro is e('ected to e(tend ell be,ond t!e corn8#ro in# re#ion. .3/ A#ric%lt%re e('erts anno%nced toda, t!at a disease t!at !as devastated so&e o" t!e corn cro' ill s'read idel, be"ore t!e end o" t!e #ro in# season. .E/ Most 'eo'le !o trade in corn "%t%res rarel, take '!,sical 'ossession o" t!e corn t!e, trade. H. A disco%nt retailer o" basic !o%se!old necessities e&'lo,s t!o%sands o" 'eo'le and 'a,s &ost o" t!e& at t!e &ini&%& a#e rate. *et "ollo in# a "ederall, &andated increase o" t!e &ini&%& a#e rate t!at increased t!e retailers o'eratin# costs considerabl,9 t!e retailers 'ro"its increased &arkedl,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado(.A/ 7ver !al" o" t!e retailers o'eratin# costs consist o" 'a,roll e('endit%resD ,et http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1B@

onl, a s&all 'ercenta#e o" t!ose e('endit%res #o to 'a, &ana#e&ent salaries. .1/ T!e retailers c%sto&er base is &ade %' 'ri&aril, o" 'eo'le !o earn9 or !o de'end on t!e earnin#s o" ot!ers !o earn9 t!e &ini&%& a#e. .C/ T!e retailers o'eratin# costs9 ot!er t!an a#es9 increased s%bstantiall, a"ter t!e increase in t!e &ini&%& a#e rate ent into e""ect. .3/ 6!en t!e increase in t!e &ini&%& a#e rate ent into e""ect9 t!e retailer also raised t!e a#e rate "or e&'lo,ees !o !ad been earnin# +%st above &ini&%& a#e. .E/ T!e &a+orit, o" t!e retailers e&'lo,ees ork as cas!iers9 and &ost cas!iers are 'aid t!e &ini&%& a#e. 1I. T!e cotton "ar&s o" Co%ntr, N beca&e so 'rod%ctive t!at t!e &arket co%ld not absorb all t!at t!e, 'rod%ced. Conse0%entl,9 cotton 'rices "ell. T!e #overn&ent tried to boost cotton 'rices b, o""erin# "ar&ers !o took 5@ 'ercent o" t!eir cotton acrea#e o%t o" 'rod%ction direct s%''ort 'a,&ents %' to a s'eci"ied &a(i&%& 'er "ar&. T!e #overn&ents 'ro#ra&9 i" s%ccess"%l9 ill not be a net b%rden on t!e b%d#et. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e best basis "or an e('lanation o" !o t!is co%ld be so.A/ 3e'ressed cotton 'rices &eant o'eratin# losses "or cotton "ar&s9 and t!e #overn&ent lost reven%e "ro& ta(es on "ar& 'ro"its. .1/ Cotton 'rod%ction in several co%nties ot!er t!an N declined sli#!tl, t!e ,ear t!at t!e s%''ort8'a,&ent 'ro#ra& ent into e""ect in N. .C/ T!e "irst ,ear t!at t!e s%''ort8'a,&ent 'ro#ra& as in e""ect9 cotton acrea#e in N as @P belo its level in t!e base ,ear "or t!e 'ro#ra&. .3/ T!e s'eci"ied &a(i&%& 'er "ar& &eant t!at "or ver, lar#e cotton "ar&s t!e s%''ort 'a,&ents ere less 'er acre "or t!ose acres t!at ere it!dra n "ro& 'rod%ction t!an t!e, ere "or s&aller "ar&s. .E/ $ar&ers !o is!ed to 0%ali", "or s%''ort 'a,&ents co%ld not %se t!e cotton acrea#e t!at as it!dra n "ro& 'rod%ction to #ro an, ot!er cro'. 11. =nited States !os'itals !ave traditionall, relied 'ri&aril, on reven%es "ro& 'a,in# 'atients to o""set losses "ro& %nrei&b%rsed care. Al&ost all 'a,in# 'atients no rel, on #overn&ental or 'rivate !ealt! ins%rance to 'a, !os'ital bills. Recentl,9 ins%rers !ave been strictl, li&itin# !at t!e, 'a, !os'itals "or t!e care o" ins%red 'atients to a&o%nts at or belo act%al costs. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is best s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ Alt!o%#! t!e advance o" tec!nolo#, !as &ade e('ensive &edical 'roced%res available to t!e ealt!,9 s%c! 'roced%res are o%t o" t!e reac! o" lo 8inco&e 'atients. .1/ I" !os'itals do not "ind a,s to raisin# additional inco&e "or %nrei&b%rsed http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1BG

care9 t!e, &%st eit!er den, so&e o" t!at care or s%""er losses i" t!e, #ive it. .C/ So&e 'atients !ave inco&es too !i#! "or eli#ibilit, "or #overn&ental !ealt! ins%rance b%t are %nable to a""ord 'rivate ins%rance "or !os'ital care. .3/ I" t!e !os'itals red%ce t!eir costs in 'rovidin# care9 ins%rance co&'anies ill &aintain t!e c%rrent level o" rei&b%rse&ent9 t!ereb, 'rovidin# &ore "%nds "or %nrei&b%rsed care. .E/ Even t!o%#! '!ilant!ro'ic donations !ave traditionall, 'rovided so&e s%''ort "or t!e !os'itals9 s%c! donations are at 'resent declinin#. 15. Generall, scientists enter t!eir "ield it! t!e #oal o" doin# i&'ortant ne researc! and acce't as t!eir collea#%es t!ose it! si&ilar &otivation. T!ere"ore9 !en an, scientist ins reno n as an e('o%nder o" science to #eneral a%diences9 &ost ot!er scientists concl%de t!at t!is 'o'%lari)er s!o%ld no lon#er be re#arded as a tr%e collea#%e. T!e e('lanation o""ered above "or t!e lo estee& in !ic! scienti"ic 'o'%lari)ers are !eld b, researc! scientists ass%&es t!at .A/ serio%s scienti"ic researc! is not a solitar, activit,9 b%t relies on active coo'eration a&on# a #ro%' o" collea#%es .1/ researc! scientists tend not to re#ard as collea#%es t!ose scientists !ose reno n t!e, env, .C/ a scientist can beco&e a "a&o%s 'o'%lari)er it!o%t !avin# co&'leted an, i&'ortant researc! .3/ researc! scientists believe t!at t!ose !o are ell kno n as 'o'%lari)ers o" science are not &otivated to do i&'ortant ne researc! .E/ no i&'ortant ne researc! can be accessible to or acc%ratel, assessed b, t!ose !o are not t!e&selves scientists 1<. Mo%t! cancer is a dan#er "or 'eo'le !o rarel, br%s! t!eir teet!. In order to ac!ieve earl, detection o" &o%t! cancer in t!ese individ%als9 a to ns '%blic !ealt! o""icials sent a 'a&'!let to all to n residents9 describin# !o to 'er"or& eekl, sel"8e(a&inations o" t!e &o%t! "or l%&'s. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e best criticis& o" t!e 'a&'!let as a &et!od o" ac!ievin# t!e '%blic !ealt! o""icials #oal.A/ Man, dental diseases 'rod%ce s,&'to&s t!at cannot be detected in a eekl, sel"8e(a&ination. .1/ 7nce &o%t! cancer !as been detected9 t!e e""ectiveness o" treat&ent can var, "ro& 'erson to 'erson. .C/ T!e 'a&'!let as sent to all to n residents9 incl%din# t!ose individ%als !o br%s! t!eir teet! re#%larl,. .3/ Mo%t! cancer is &%c! &ore co&&on in ad%lts t!an in c!ildren. .E/ Feo'le !o rarel, br%s! t!eir teet! are %nlikel, to 'er"or& a eekl, e(a&ination o" t!eir &o%t!. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1BA

1C. Tec!nolo#ical i&'rove&ents and red%ced e0%i'&ent costs !ave &ade convertin# solar ener#, directl, into electricit, "ar &ore cost8e""icient in t!e last decade. :o ever9 t!e t!res!old o" econo&ic viabilit, "or solar 'o er .t!at is9 t!e 'rice 'er barrel to !ic! oil o%ld !ave to rise in order "or ne solar 'o er 'lants to be &ore econo&ical t!an ne oil8"ired 'o er 'lants/ is %nc!an#ed at t!irt,8"ive dollars. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does &ost to !el' e('lain !, t!e increased cost8e""icienc, o" solar 'o er !as not decreased its t!res!old o" econo&ic viabilit,.A/ T!e cost o" oil !as "allen dra&aticall,. .1/ T!e red%ction in t!e cost o" solar8'o er e0%i'&ent !as occ%rred des'ite increased ra &aterial costs "or t!at e0%i'&ent. .C/ Tec!nolo#ical c!an#es !ave increased t!e e""icienc, o" oil8"ired 'o er 'lants. .3/ Most electricit, is #enerated b, coal8"ired or n%clear9 rat!er t!an oil8"ired9 'o er 'lants. .E/ 6!en t!e 'rice o" oil increases9 reserves o" oil not 'revio%sl, ort! e('loitin# beco&e econo&icall, viable. 1@. Start8%' co&'anies "inanced b, vent%re ca'italist !ave a &%c! lo er "ail%re rate t!an co&'anies "inanced b, ot!er &eans. So%rce o" "inancin#9 t!ere"ore9 &%st be a &ore i&'ortant ca%sative "actor in t!e s%ccess o" a start8%' co&'an, t!an are s%c! "actors as t!e 'ersonal c!aracteristics o" t!e entre'rene%r9 t!e 0%alit, o" strate#ic 'lannin#9 or t!e &ana#e&ent str%ct%re o" t!e co&'an,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 4ent%re ca'italists tend to be &ore res'onsive t!an ot!er so%rces o" "inancin# to c!an#es in a start8%' co&'an,s "inancial needs. .1/ T!e strate#ic 'lannin# o" a start8%' co&'an, is a less i&'ortant "actor in t!e lon#8ter& s%ccess o" t!e co&'an, t!an are t!e 'ersonal c!aracteristics o" t!e entre'rene%r. .C/ More t!an !al" o" all ne co&'anies "all it!in "ive ,ears. .3/ T!e &ana#e&ent str%ct%res o" start8%' co&'anies are #enerall, less "or&al t!an t!e &ana#e&ent str%ct%res o" on#oin# b%sinesses. .E/ 4ent%re ca'italists base t!eir decisions to "%nd start8%' co&'anies on s%c! "actors as t!e c!aracteristics o" t!e entre'rene%r and 0%alit, o" strate#ic 'lannin# o" t!e co&'an,. 1G. T!e 'ro'ortion o" o&en a&on# st%dents enrolled in !i#!er ed%cation 'ro#ra&s !as increased over t!e 'ast decades. T!is is 'artl, s!o n b, t!e "act t!at in 1H@H9 onl, 11 'ercent o" t!e o&en bet een t ent, and t ent,8one ere enrolled in colle#e9 !ile in 1HB19 <I 'ercent o" t!e o&en bet een t ent, and t ent,8one ere enrolled in colle#e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1BB

To eval%ate t!e ar#%&ent above9 it o%ld be &ost %se"%l to co&'are 1H@H and 1HB1 it! re#ard to !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# c!aracteristics.A/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" o&en bet een t ent, and t ent,8one !o ere not enrolled in colle#e .1/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" o&en bet een t ent, and t ent,8"ive !o #rad%ated "ro& colle#e .C/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" o&en !o9 a"ter attendin# colle#e9 entered !i#!l, 'aid 'ro"essions .3/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" &en bet een t ent, and t ent,8one !o ere enrolled in colle#e .E/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" &en !o #rad%ated "ro& !i#! sc!ool TEST 1B 25 Minutes 16 Questions 1. Since a r!inoceros t!at !as no !orn is ort!less to 'oac!ers9 t!e 6ildli"e Frotection Co&&ittee 'lans to 'rotect selected r!inoceroses "ro& bein# killed b, 'oac!ers b, c%ttin# o"" t!e r!inos !orns. T!e 6ildli"e Frotection Co&&ittees 'lan ass%&es t!at .A/ 'oac!ers do not kill r!inos t!at are ort!less to t!e& .1/ !ornless r!inos 'ose less o" a t!reat to !%&ans9 incl%din# 'oac!ers9 t!an do r!inos t!at !ave !orns .C/ r!inos are t!e onl, ani&als 'oac!ers kill "or t!eir !orns .3/ !ornless r!inos can s%ccess"%ll, de"end t!eir ,o%n# a#ainst non!%&an 'redators .E/ i&'osin# &ore strin#ent 'enalties on 'oac!ers ill not decrease t!e n%&ber o" r!inos killed b, 'oac!ers 5. Cri&es are &ainl, co&&itted b, t!e ,o%n#9 and "or t!is reason &erel, increasin# t!e n%&ber o" 'olice o""icers or e('endit%res on 'olice services !as little e""ect on red%cin# t!e cri&e rate. In "act9 t!e onl, "actor associated it! a cri&e8rate dro' is a decrease in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le in t!e co&&%nit, a#ed "o%rteen to t!irt,. T!e "indin#s above can best serve as 'art o" an ar#%&ent a#ainst .A/ t!e likeli!ood t!at an, la en"orce&ent 'ro#ra& ill be e""ective in red%cin# t!e cri&e rate it!in a s!ort ti&e .1/ increasin# 'rison ter&s "or ,o%n# 'eo'le "o%nd #%ilt, o" cri&es .C/ introd%cin# co&'%lsor, &ilitar, conscri'tion "or 'eo'le a#ed seventeen to nineteen .3/ raisin# t!e a#e at !ic! st%dents are 'er&itted to leave sc!ool .E/ a co&&%nit,s 'lan to increase t!e n%&ber o" recreational and ed%cational activities in !ic! ,o%n# ad%lts can 'artici'ate

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1BH

<.

A 5I 'ercent decline in lobster catc!es in Maine aters since 1HBI can be +%sti"iabl, bla&ed on le#islation 'assed in 1HA5 to 'rotect !arbor seals. Maines 'o'%lation o" !arbor seals is no do%ble t!e level e(istin# be"ore 'rotection as initiated9 and t!ese seals are kno n to eat bot! "is! and lobsters. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ :arbor seals %s%all, eat &ore "is! t!an lobsters9 b%t t!e seals are nat%ral 'redators o" bot!. .1/ Alt!o%#! !arbor seals are skill"%l 'redators o" lobsters9 t!e, rarel, "inis! eatin# t!eir catc!. .C/ :arbor seals attract to%rists to Maines coastal areas9 t!%s revitali)in# t!e local econo&,. .3/ A%t!ors o" t!e 1HA5 le#islation 'rotectin# !arbor seals ere convinced t!at an increase in t!at ani&als n%&bers o%ld not !ave a &eas%rabl, ne#ative i&'act on t!e lobster catc!. .E/ T!e record lobster !arvests o" t!e late 1HAIs re&oved lar#e n%&bers o" &at%re lobsters "ro& t!e re'rod%ctive stock.

C.

Folitician: $e er 'eo'le are enterin# t!e labor &arket no t!an 'revio%sl,. I" t!e econo&, #ro s9 t!e de&and "or &otivated and ed%cated 'eo'le ill "ar o%tstri' t!e s%''l,. So&e co&'anies !ave alread, started to res'ond to t!is labor8&arket sit%ation b, "indin# better a,s to kee' t!eir c%rrent e&'lo,ees. T!eir concern is a s%re indicator t!at t!e econo&, is #ro in#. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best criticis& o" t!e 'oliticians reasonin#.A/ T!e "act t!at co&'anies are &akin# 'r%dent 're'arations "or a 'ossible "%t%re develo'&ent does not &ean t!at t!is develo'&ent is alread, takin# 'lace. .1/ T!e "act t!at so&e co&'anies no tr, !arder to kee' t!eir e&'lo,ees does not &ean t!at t!e, %sed to be indi""erent to e&'lo,ee &orale. .C/ T!e "act t!at de&and ill o%tstri' s%''l, does not &ean t!at t!ere ill be no s%''l, at all. .3/ T!e "act t!at t!e n%&ber o" ne entrants into t!e labor &arket is declinin# does not &ean t!at t!e n%&ber o" ne entrants is lo er t!an it !as ever been. .E/ T!e "act t!at c%rrent e&'lo,ees !ave beco&e &ore val%able to so&e co&'anies does not &ean t!at t!ose e&'lo,ees ill do t!eir +obs better t!an t!e, %sed to.

@.

=nder c%rrent "ederal la 9 e&'lo,ers are allo ed to o""er t!eir e&'lo,ees "ree 'arkin# s'aces as a ta(8"ree bene"it9 b%t t!e, can o""er e&'lo,ees onl, %' to L1BI 'er ,ear as a ta(8"ree bene"it "or %sin# &ass transit. T!e #overn&ent co%ld si#ni"icantl, increase &ass transit riders!i' b, raisin# t!e li&it o" t!is bene"it to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1HI

&eet co&&%ters trans'ortation costs. T!e 'ro'osal above to increase &ass transit riders!i' ass%&es t!at .A/ c%rrent &ass transit s,ste&s are s%b+ect to %ne('ected ro%te closin#s and dela,s .1/ %sin# &ass transit creates less air 'oll%tion 'er 'erson t!an %sin# a 'rivate a%to&obile .C/ t!e 'arkin# s'aces o""ered b, e&'lo,ers as ta(8"ree bene"its can be ort! as &%c! as L59@II 'er ,ear .3/ &an, e&'lo,ees are deterred b, "inancial considerations "ro& %sin# &ass transit to co&&%te to t!eir 'laces o" e&'lo,&ent .E/ beca%se o" tra""ic con#estion on &a+or co&&%ter ro%tes9 it is o"ten "aster to travel to ones 'lace o" e&'lo,&ent b, &eans o" &ass transit t!an b, 'rivate a%to&obile G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e belo >Govern&ent? does not e(ist as an inde'endent entit, de"inin# 'olic,. Instead t!ere e(ists a #ro%' o" de&ocraticall, elected 'ra#&atists sensitive to t!e electorate9 !o establis! 'olicies t!at ill res%lt in t!eir o n reelection. T!ere"ore9 i" '%blic 'olic, is !ostile to9 sa,9 environ&ental concerns9 it is not beca%se o" #overn&ental 'erversit, b%t beca%se elected o""icials believe t!at;;;;;; .A/ environ&entalists o%ld be e(tre&el, di""ic%lt to satis", it! an, 'olic,9 !o ever environ&entall, so%nd .1/ environ&ental concerns are bein# acco&&odated as ell as '%blic "%nds 'er&it .C/ t!e '%blic is overl, an(io%s abo%t environ&ental deterioration .3/ t!e &a+orit, o" voters vote "or certain 'oliticians beca%se o" t!ose 'oliticians idios,ncratic 'ositions on 'olic, iss%es .E/ t!e &a+orit, o" voters do not stron#l, is! "or a di""erent 'olic, A. $res! 'otatoes #enerall, cost abo%t L5 "or a 1I8'o%nd ba#9 !ereas de!,drated instant 'otatoes cost9 on avera#e9 abo%t L< 'er 'o%nd. It can be concl%ded t!at so&e cons%&ers ill 'a, 1@ ti&es as &%c! "or convenience9 since sales o" t!is convenience "ood contin%e to rise. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 indicates t!at t!ere is a &a+or "la in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ $res! 'otatoes bo%#!t in convenient 58'o%nd ba#s are abo%t L1 a ba#9 or 5 1R5 ti&es &ore e('ensive t!an "res! 'otatoes bo%#!t in 1I8'o%nd ba#s. .1/ Since "res! 'otatoes are BI 'ercent ater9 one 'o%nd o" de!,drated 'otatoes is t!e e0%ivalent o" @ 'o%nds o" "res! 'otatoes. .C/ Feeled 'otatoes in cans are also &ore e('ensive t!an t!e less convenient http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1H1

"res! 'otatoes. .3/ Retail 'rices o" de!,drated 'otatoes !ave declined b, 5I 'ercent since 1HGI to t!e c%rrent level o" abo%t L< a 'o%nd. .E/ As a conse0%ence o" labor and 'rocessin# costs9 all convenience "oods cost &ore t!an t!e basic "oods "ro& !ic! t!e, are derived. B. Cons%&ers in Cali"ornia seekin# 'ersonal loans !ave "e er banks to t%rn to t!an do cons%&ers else !ere in t!e =nited States. T!is s!orta#e o" co&'etition a&on# banks e('lains !, interest rates on 'ersonal loans in Cali"ornia are !i#!er t!an in an, ot!er re#ion o" t!e =nited States. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost s%bstantiall, eakens t!e concl%sion above.A/ 1eca%se o" t!e co&'arativel, !i#! a#es t!e, &%st 'a, to attract 0%ali"ied orkers9 Cali"ornia banks c!ar#e de'ositors &ore t!an banks else !ere do "or &an, o" t!e services t!e, o""er. .1/ Fersonal loans are riskier t!an ot!er t,'es o" loans9 s%c! as !o&e &ort#a#e loans9 t!at banks &ake. .C/ Since bank de'osits in Cali"ornia are covered b, t!e sa&e t,'e o" ins%rance t!at #%arantees bank de'osits in ot!er 'arts o" t!e =nited States9 t!e, are no less sec%re t!an de'osits else !ere. .3/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" cons%&ers !o de"a%lt on t!eir 'ersonal loans is lo er in Cali"ornia t!an in an, ot!er re#ion o" t!e =nited States. .E/ Interest rates 'aid b, Cali"ornia banks to de'ositors are lo er t!an t!ose 'aid b, banks in ot!er 'arts o" t!e =nited States beca%se in Cali"ornia t!ere is less co&'etition to attract de'ositors. H. Tec!nicall, a #iven cate#or, o" ins%rance 'olic, is %nder'riced i"9 over ti&e9 clai&s a#ainst it 'l%s e('enses associated it! it e(ceed total inco&e "ro& 're&i%&s. 1%t 're&i%& inco&e can be invested and ill t!en ,ield ret%rns o" its o n. T!ere"ore9 an %nder'riced 'olic, does not re'resent a net loss in ever, case. T!e ar#%&ent above is based on !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 2o ins%rance 'olicies are deliberatel, %nder'riced in order to attract c%sto&ers to t!e ins%rance co&'an, o""erin# s%c! 'olicies. .1/ A 'olic, t!at re'resents a net loss to t!e ins%rance co&'an, is not an %nder'riced 'olic, in ever, case. .C/ T!ere are 'olicies "or !ic! t!e level o" clai&s 'er ,ear can be 'redicted it! #reat acc%rac, be"ore 're&i%&s are set. .3/ T!e inco&e earned b, investin# 're&i%& inco&e is t!e &ost i&'ortant deter&inant o" an ins%rance co&'an,s 'ro"its. .E/ T!e clai&s a#ainst at least so&e %nder'riced 'olicies do not re0%ire 'a,in# o%t all o" t!e 're&i%& inco&e "ro& t!ose 'olicies as soon as it is earned.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1H5

1I. F%rebred co s native to Mon#olia 'rod%ce9 on avera#e9 CII liters o" &ilk 'er ,earD i" Mon#olian cattle are crossbred it! E%ro'ean breeds9 t!e crossbred co s can 'rod%ce9 on avera#e9 59AII liters 'er ,ear. An international a#enc, 'lans to increase t!e 'ro"itabilit, o" Mon#olias dair, sector b, enco%ra#in# ides'read crossbreedin# o" native Mon#olian cattle it! E%ro'ean breeds. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e viabilit, o" t!e a#enc,s 'lan.A/ 2ot all E%ro'ean breeds o" cattle can be s%ccess"%ll, bred it! native Mon#olian cattle. .1/ Man, ,o%n# Mon#olians no re#ard cattle raisin# as a lo 8stat%s occ%'ation beca%se it is less l%crative t!an ot!er endeavors o'en to t!e&. .C/ Mon#olias terrain is s%itable "or #ra)in# native !erds b%t not "or #ro in# t!e "odder needed to kee' crossbred ani&als !ealt!,. .3/ Co !ide and leat!er 'rod%cts9 not &ilk9 &ake %' t!e b%lk o" Mon#olias ani&al 'rod%ct e('orts to E%ro'e. .E/ Man, E%ro'ean breeds o" cattle attain avera#e &ilk 'rod%ction levels e(ceedin# 59AII liters. 11. An, co&bination o" over ork and stress inevitabl, leads o" inso&nia. Mana#ers at :iCor'9 Inc.9 all s%""er "ro& stress. A &a+orit, o" t!e &ana#ersKdes'ite t!eir doctors arnin#sK ork ell over GI !o%rs 'er eek9 !ereas t!e ot!er &ana#ers ork no &ore t!an t!e nor&al CI !o%rs 'er eek. :iCor' #ives re#%lar bon%ses onl, to e&'lo,ees !o ork &ore t!an CI !o%rs 'er eek. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e state&ents above.A/ Mana#ers at :iCor' ork %nder conditions t!at are &ore stress"%l t!an t!e conditions %nder !ic! &ana#ers at &ost ot!er co&'anies ork. .1/ Most o" t!e e&'lo,ee bon%ses #iven b, :iCor' are #iven to &ana#ers. .C/ At :iCor'9 inso&nia is &ore ides'read a&on# &ana#ers t!an a&on# an, ot!er #ro%' o" e&'lo,ees. .3/ 2o &ana#er at :iCor' !o orks onl, CI !o%rs 'er eek s%""ers "ro& over ork. .E/ Most o" t!e &ana#ers at :iCor' !o receive re#%lar bon%ses !ave inso&nia. 15. :olida, recei'tsKt!e total sales recorded in t!e "o%rt! 0%arter o" t!e ,earK deter&ine t!e econo&ic s%ccess or "ail%re o" &an, retail b%sinesses. Ca&co9 a retailer sellin# +%st one ca&era &odel9 is an e(cellent e(a&'le. Ca&cos !olida, recei'ts9 on avera#e9 acco%nt "or a t!ird o" its ,earl, total recei'ts and abo%t !al" o" its ,earl, 'ro"its. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e abo%t Ca&co on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ Its "i(ed e('enses 'er ca&era sold are !i#!er d%rin# t!e "o%rt! 0%arter t!an http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1H<

"or an, o" t!e ot!er t!ree 0%arters. .1/ It &akes &ore 'ro"it d%rin# t!e "irst and t!ird 0%arters co&bined t!an d%rin# t!e "o%rt! 0%arter. .C/ Its 'er8ca&era retail 'rice is lo er9 on avera#e9 d%rin# t!e "o%rt! 0%arter t!an d%rin# an, one o" t!e "irst t!ree 0%arters. .3/ It &akes less 'ro"it9 on avera#e9 "or a #iven dollar a&o%nt o" sales d%rin# t!e "irst t!ree 0%arters co&bined t!an d%rin# t!e "o%rt! 0%arter. .E/ T!e 'er8ca&era 'rice it 'a,s to !olesalers is !i#!er9 on avera#e9 d%rin# t!e "o%rt! 0%arter t!an d%rin# an, o" t!e ot!er t!ree 0%arters. 1<. Canadians no increasin#l, en#a#e in >o%t8s!o''in#9? !ic! is s!o''in# across t!e national border9 !ere 'rices are lo er. Frices are lo er o%tside o" Canada in lar#e 'art beca%se t!e #oods8and8services ta( t!at 'a,s "or Canadian social services is not a''lied. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is best s%''orted on t!e basis o" t!e in"or&ation above.A/ I" t!e %' ard trend in o%t8s!o''in# contin%es at a si#ni"icant level and t!e a&o%nts 'aid b, t!e #overn&ent "or Canadian social services are &aintained9 t!e Canadian #oods8and8services ta( ill be assessed at a !i#!er rate. .1/ I" Canada i&'oses a s%bstantial tari"" on t!e #oods bo%#!t across t!e border9 a reci'rocal tari"" on cross8border s!o''in# in t!e ot!er direction ill be i&'osed9 t!ereb, !ar&in# Canadian b%sinesses. .C/ T!e a&o%nts t!e Canadian #overn&ent 'a,s o%t to t!ose !o 'rovide social services to Canadians are increasin#. .3/ T!e sa&e brands o" #oods are available to Canadian s!o''ers across t!e border as are available in Canada. .E/ 7%t8s!o''in# '%rc!ases are s%b+ect to Canadian ta(es !en t!e '%rc!aser crosses t!e border to brin# t!e& into Canada. 1C. S%rve,s indicate t!at @5 'ercent o" all o&en a#ed ei#!teen to si(t,8"ive are in t!e labor "orce .e&'lo,ed o%tside t!e !o&e/ in an, #iven &ont!. 7n t!e basis o" t!ese s%rve,s9 a &arket researc!er concl%ded t!at CB 'ercent o" all o&en a#ed ei#!teen to si(t,8"ive are "%ll8ti&e !o&e&akers ,ear8ro%nd. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e researc!ers concl%sion.A/ More o&en are in t!e labor "orce toda, t!an d%rin# an, ot!er 'eriod since t!e Second 6orld 6ar. .1/ Man, orkers9 bot! &en and o&en9 enter and e(it t!e labor "orce "re0%entl,. .C/ Alt!o%#! onl, a s&all sa&'le o" t!e total 'o'%lation is s%rve,ed eac! &ont!9 t!ese sa&'les !ave been "o%nd to be a reliable indicator o" total &ont!l, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1HC

e&'lo,&ent. .3/ S%rve,s s!o t!at &ore o&en t!an ever be"ore consider !avin# a re ardin# +ob an i&'ortant 'riorit,. .E/ 6o&en !o are in t!e labor "orce !ave &ore discretionar, inco&e available to t!e& t!an do o&en !o are not. 1@. Le"t8!anded 'ersons s%""er &ore "re0%entl, t!an do ri#!t8!anded 'ersons "ro& certain i&&%ne disorders9 s%c! as aller#ies. Le"t8!anders tend to !ave an advanta#e over t!e ri#!t8!anded &a+orit,9 !o ever9 on tasks controlled b, t!e ri#!t !e&is'!ere o" t!e brain9 and &at!e&atical reasonin# is stron#l, %nder t!e in"l%ence o" t!e ri#!t !e&is'!ere in &ost 'eo'le. I" t!e in"or&ation above is tr%e9 it best s%''orts !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses.A/ Most 'eo'le !o s%""er "ro& aller#ies or ot!er s%c! i&&%ne disorders are le"t8!anded rat!er t!an ri#!t8!anded. .1/ Most le"t8!anded &at!e&aticians s%""er "ro& so&e kind o" aller#,. .C/ T!ere are 'ro'ortionall, &ore le"t8!anders a&on# 'eo'le !ose abilit, to reason &at!e&aticall, is above avera#e t!an t!ere are a&on# 'eo'le it! 'oor &at!e&atical reasonin# abilit,. .3/ I" a le"t8!anded 'erson s%""ers "ro& an aller#,9 t!at 'erson ill 'robabl, be #ood at &at!e&atics. .E/ T!ere are 'ro'ortionall, &ore 'eo'le !o s%""er "ro& i&&%ne disorders s%c! as aller#ies t!an t!ere are 'eo'le !o are le"t8!anded or 'eo'le !ose &at!e&atical reasonin# abilit, is %n%s%all, #ood. 1G. A"ter observin# t!e Eart!s eat!er 'atterns and t!e 118,ear s%ns'ot c,cle o" t!e S%n "or <G ,ears9 scientists !ave "o%nd t!at !i#! levels o" s%ns'ot activit, 'recede s!i"ts in ind 'atterns t!at a""ect t!e Eart!s eat!er. 7ne can concl%de t!at &eteorolo#ists ill be able to i&'rove t!eir eat!er "orecasts based on t!is in"or&ation. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 6eat!er "orecasts are &ore detailed toda, t!an t!e, ere <G ,ears a#o. .1/ Scientists can establis! t!at s%ns'ot activit, directl, a""ects t!e Eart!s eat!er. .C/ Evidence ot!er t!an s%ns'ot activit, !as 'revio%sl, enabled &eteorolo#ists to "orecast t!e eat!er conditions t!at are 'redictable on t!e basis o" s%ns'ot activit,. .3/ Scientists !ave not deter&ined !, t!e s%ns'ot activit, on t!e S%n "ollo s an 118,ear c,cle. .E/ It !as been establis!ed t!at 'redictable ind 'atterns ,ield 'redictable eat!er 'atterns.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1H@

TEST 1H 25 Minutes 16 Questions 1. A '%blis!er is no 'rovidin# %niversit, 'ro"essors it! t!e o'tion o" orderin# c%sto& te(tbooks "or t!eir co%rses. T!e 'ro"essors can edit o%t t!ose c!a'ters o" a book t!e, are not interested in and add &aterial o" t!eir o n c!oosin#. T!e ides'read %se o" t!e o'tion &entioned above is LEAST likel, to contrib%te to "%l"illin# !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# ed%cational ob+ectives.A/ Covera#e o" &aterial relevant to a 'artic%lar st%dent bod,s s'eci"ic needs .1/ 7""erin# advanced elective co%rses t!at '%rs%e in8de't! investi#ation o" selected to'ics in a "ield .C/ Ens%rin# t!at st%dents nation ide en#a#ed in a s'eci"ic co%rse o" st%d, are %ni"or&l, e('osed to a basic set o" readin#s .3/ Makin# t!e te(tbooks %sed in %niversit, co%rses &ore satis"actor, "ro& t!e individ%al teac!ers 'oint o" vie .E/ Mee'in# st%dents interest in a co%rse b, o""erin# livel,9 ell8 ritten readin# assi#n&ents 5. Mec!anicor's ne est 'rod%ct costs so little to &ake t!at it a''ears do%bt"%l t!e co&'an, ill be able to sell it it!o%t increasin# t!e &ark%' t!e co&'an, %s%all, allo s "or 'ro"it: 'otential clients o%ld si&'l, not believe t!at so&et!in# so ine('ensive o%ld reall, ork. *et Mec!anicor's re'%tation is b%ilt on "air 'rices incor'oratin# onl, &odest 'ro"it &ar#ins. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Mec!anicor' ill enco%nter di""ic%lties in tr,in# to set a 'rice "or its ne est 'rod%ct t!at ill 'ro&ote sales it!o%t t!reatenin# to co&'ro&ise t!e co&'an,s re'%tation. .1/ Mec!anicor' ac!ieves lar#e ann%al 'ro"its9 des'ite s&all 'ro"its 'er %nit sold9 b, &eans o" a !i#! vol%&e o" sales. .C/ Mec!anicor' &ade a si#ni"icant co&'%tational error in calc%latin# t!e 'rod%ction costs "or its ne est 'rod%ct. .3/ Mec!anicor's ne est 'rod%ct is intended to 'er"or& tasks t!at can be 'er"or&ed b, ot!er devices costin# less to &an%"act%re. .E/ Mec!anicor's 'rod%ction 'rocesses are desi#ned it! t!e sa&e in#en%it, as are t!e 'rod%cts t!at t!e co&'an, &akes. <. Co&'anies in t!e co%ntr, o" Mollonta, can sell se&icond%ctors in t!e co%ntr, o" 4aldivia at a 'rice t!at is belo t!e cost to 4aldivian co&'anies o" 'rod%cin# t!e&. To !el' t!ose 4aldivian co&'anies9 t!e 4aldivian le#islat%re 'lans to set a &ini&%& sellin# 'rice in 4aldivia "or se&icond%ctors &an%"act%red in Mollonta, t!at is ten 'ercent #reater t!an t!e avera#e 'rod%ction costs "or co&'anies in 4aldivia.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1HG

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, t!reatens t!e s%ccess o" t!e 'lan.A/ T!e ann%al rate o" in"lation in Mollonta, is e('ected to e(ceed ten 'ercent it!in t!e ne(t ,ear. .1/ 4aldivia is not t!e onl, co%ntr, !ere co&'anies in Mollonta, c%rrentl, sell se&icond%ctors. .C/ So&e 4aldivian co&'anies t!at sell se&icond%ctors !ave anno%nced t!at t!e, 'lan to decrease t!eir 'rice "or se&icond%ctors. .3/ T!e #overn&ent o" Mollonta, ill also set a &ini&%& 'rice "or sellin# se&icond%ctors in t!at co%ntr,. .E/ E&er#in# co&'anies in co%ntries ot!er t!an Mollonta, ill still be able to sell se&icond%ctors in 4aldivia at a 'rice belo t!e cost to 4aldivian co&'anies to &an%"act%re t!e&. C. An e('eri&ental &icro ave clot!es dr,er !eats neit!er air nor clot!. Rat!er9 it !eats ater on clot!es9 t!ereb, savin# electricit, and 'rotectin# delicate "ibers b, o'eratin# at a lo er te&'erat%re. Micro aves are aves t!at %s%all, !eat &etal ob+ects9 b%t develo'ers o" a &icro ave dr,er are 'er"ectin# a 'rocess t!at ill 'revent t!in &etal ob+ects s%c! as !air'ins "ro& !eatin# %' and b%rnin# clot!es. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, indicates t!at t!e 'rocess9 !en 'er"ected9 ill be ins%""icient to &ake t!e dr,er readil, &arketable.A/ Metal sna' "asteners on clot!es t!at are co&&onl, '%t into dr,in# &ac!ines are abo%t t!e sa&e t!ickness as &ost !air'ins. .1/ Man, clot!es t!at are c%rrentl, 'laced into &ec!anical dr,ers are not 'laced t!ere alon# it! !air'ins or ot!er t!in &etal ob+ects. .C/ T!e e('eri&ental &icro ave dr,er %ses &ore electricit, t!an "%t%re9 i&'roved &odels o%ld be e('ected to %se. .3/ 3r,in# clot!es it! t!e 'rocess o%ld not ca%se &ore s!rinka#e t!an t!e c%rrentl, %sed &ec!anical dr,in# 'rocess ca%ses. .E/ Man, clot!es t!at are "re0%entl, &ac!ine8dried b, 'ros'ective c%sto&ers incor'orate t!ick &etal 'arts s%c! as decorative brass st%ds or b%ttons. @. Air'lane &an%"act%rer: I ob+ect to ,o%r c!aracteri)ation o" o%r E8<BA +ets as dan#ero%s. 2o E8<BA in co&&ercial %se !as ever cras!ed or even !ad a serio%s &al"%nction. Airline re#%lator: T!e 'roble& it! t!e E8<BA is not t!at it9 itsel"9 &al"%nctions9 b%t t!at it creates a t%rb%lence in its ake t!at can create !a)ardo%s conditions "or aircra"t in its vicinit,. T!e airline re#%lator res'onds to t!e &an%"act%rer b, doin# !ic! o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ C!aracteri)in# t!e &an%"act%rers assertion as ste&&in# "ro& s%b+ective interest rat!er t!an "ro& ob+ective eval%ation o" t!e "acts .1/ 3ra in# attention to t!e "act t!at t!e &an%"act%rers inter'retation o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1HA

ord >dan#ero%s? is too narro .C/ Invokin# evidence t!at t!e &an%"act%rer !as e('licitl, dis&issed as irrelevant to t!e 'oint at iss%e .3/ Citin# statistical evidence t!at re"%tes t!e &an%"act%rers clai& .E/ Castin# do%bt on t!e e(tent o" t!e &an%"act%rers kno led#e o" t!e n%&ber o" recent airline disasters G. 3a&a#ed nerves in t!e s'inal cord do not re#enerate t!e&selves nat%rall,9 nor even %nder t!e s'%r o" nerve8#ro t! sti&%lants. T!e reason9 recentl, discovered9 is t!e 'resence o" nerve8#ro t! in!ibitors in t!e s'inal cord. Antibodies t!at deactivate t!ose in!ibitors !ave no been develo'ed. Clearl,9 t!en9 nerve re'air ill be a standard &edical 'roced%re in t!e "oreseeable "%t%re. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e acc%rac, o" t!e 'rediction above.A/ Frevention o" t!e re#eneration o" da&a#ed nerves is &erel, a b,8'rod%ct o" t!e &ain "%nction in t!e !%&an bod, o" t!e s%bstances in!ibitin# nerve #ro t!. .1/ Certain nerve8#ro t! sti&%lants !ave si&ilar c!e&ical str%ct%res to t!ose o" t!e antibodies a#ainst nerve8#ro t! in!ibitors. .C/ 2erves in t!e brain are si&ilar to nerves in t!e s'inal cord in t!eir inabilit, to re#enerate t!e&selves nat%rall,. .3/ Researc!ers !ave been able to sti&%late t!e #ro t! o" nerves not located in t!e s'inal cord b, %sin# onl, nerve8#ro t! sti&%lants. .E/ 3eactivatin# t!e s%bstances in!ibitin# nerve #ro t! "or an e(tended 'eriod o%ld re0%ire a stead, s%''l, o" antibodies. A. T!e !%&an bod, secretes &ore 'ain8blockin# !or&ones late at ni#!t t!an d%rin# t!e da,. Conse0%entl,9 s%r#ical 'atients o'erated on at ni#!t need less anest!esia. Since lar#er a&o%nts o" anest!esia 'ose #reater risks "or 'atients9 t!e risks o" s%r#er, co%ld be red%ced i" o'erations ro%tinel, took 'lace at ni#!t. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 ar#%es &ost stron#l, a#ainst t!e vie t!at s%r#ical risks co%ld be red%ced b, sc!ed%lin# o'erations at ni#!t.A/ Ener#, costs in !os'itals are #enerall, lo er at ni#!t t!an t!e, are d%rin# t!e da,. .1/ More babies are born bet een &idni#!t and seven oclock in t!e &ornin# t!an at an, ot!er ti&e. .C/ 7ver t!e co%rse o" a ,ear9 'eo'les biolo#ical r!,t!&s s!i"t sli#!tl, in res'onse to c!an#es in t!e a&o%nts o" da,li#!t to !ic! t!e 'eo'le are e('osed. .3/ 2%rses and &edical tec!nicians are #enerall, 'aid &ore 'er !o%r !en t!e, ork d%rin# t!e ni#!t t!an !en t!e, ork d%rin# t!e da,. .E/ Man%al de(terit, and &ental alertness are lo er in t!e late ni#!t t!an t!e, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1HB

are d%rin# t!e da,9 even in 'eo'le acc%sto&ed to orkin# at ni#!t. Questions 8-9 6alter: A co', o" an art ork s!o%ld be ort! e(actl, !at t!e ori#inal is ort! i" t!e t o orks are vis%all, indistin#%is!able. A"ter all9 i" t!e t o orks are vis%all, indistin#%is!able9 t!e, !ave all t!e sa&e 0%alities9 and i" t!e, !ave all t!e sa&e 0%alities9 t!eir 'rices s!o%ld be e0%al. Marissa: :o little ,o% %nderstand artJ Even i" so&eone co%ld &ake a 'er"ect co', t!at is vis%all, indistin#%is!able "ro& t!e ori#inal9 t!e co', o%ld !ave a di""erent !istor, and !ence not !ave all t!e sa&e 0%alities as t!e ori#inal. B. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'oint at iss%e bet een 6alter and Marissa.A/ 6!et!er a co', o" an art ork co%ld ever be vis%all, indistin#%is!able "ro& t!e ori#inal .1/ 6!et!er t!e re'rod%ction o" a ork o" art is ever ort! &ore t!an t!e ori#inal is ort! .C/ 6!et!er a co', o" a ork o" art is ever &istaken "or t!e ori#inal .3/ 6!et!er a co', o" a ork o" art co%ld !ave all t!e sa&e 0%alities as t!e ori#inal .E/ 6!et!er ori#inalit, is t!e onl, val%able attrib%te t!at a ork o" art can 'ossess H. Marissa %ses !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# tec!ni0%es in atte&'tin# to re"%te 6alters ar#%&ent.A/ Attackin# !is ass%&'tion t!at t!e 'rice o" an art ork indicates its ort! .1/ Raisin# a 'oint t!at o%ld %nder&ine one o" t!e clai&s on !ic! !is concl%sion is based .C/ N%estionin# !is clai& t!at a 'er"ect co', o" a ork o" art o%ld be vis%all, indistin#%is!able "ro& t!e ori#inal .3/ Givin# reason to believe t!at 6alter is %nable to +%d#e t!e 0%alit, o" a ork o" art beca%se o" !is inade0%ate %nderstandin# o" t!e !istor, o" art .E/ Fro'osin# alternative criteria "or deter&inin# !et!er t o orks o" art are vis%all, indistin#%is!able 1I. Ma#netic resonance i&a#in# .MRI/Ka noninvasive dia#nostic 'roced%reKcan be %sed to identi", blocka#es in t!e coronar, arteries. In contrast to an#io#ra&sK t!e invasive 'roced%re c%sto&aril, %sedKMRIs 'ose no risk to 'atients. T!%s9 to #%arantee 'atient sa"et, in t!e atte&'t to dia#nose arterial blocka#es9 MRIs s!o%ld re'lace an#io#ra&s in all atte&'ts at dia#nosin# coronar, blocka#es. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost s%''ort t!e reco&&endation above.A/ An#io#ra&s can be %sed to dia#nose conditions ot!er t!an blocka#es in arteries. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

1HH

.1/ MRIs ere desi#ned 'ri&aril, in order to dia#nose blocka#es in t!e coronar, arteries. .C/ An#io#ra&s reveal &ore in"or&ation abo%t t!e nat%re o" a blocka#e t!an an MRI can. .3/ An MRI is +%st as likel, as an an#io#ra& to identi", an arterial blocka#e. .E/ So&e 'atients "or !o& an an#io#ra& 'resents no risk are %n illin# to %nder#o an MRI. 11. 2at%rall, occ%rrin# c!e&icals cannot be ne l, 'atented once t!eir str%ct%res !ave been '%blis!ed. 1e"ore a nat%rall, occ%rrin# c!e&ical co&'o%nd can be %sed as a dr%#9 !o ever9 it &%st be '%t t!ro%#! t!e sa&e ri#oro%s testin# 'ro#ra& as an, s,nt!etic co&'o%nd9 c%l&inatin# in a '%blis!ed re'ort detailin# t!e c!e&icals str%ct%re and observed e""ects. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ An, nat%rall, occ%rrin# c!e&ical can be re'rod%ced s,nt!eticall, once its str%ct%re is kno n. .1/ S,nt!eticall, 'rod%ced c!e&ical co&'o%nds cannot be 'atented %nless t!eir c!e&ical str%ct%res are &ade '%blic. .C/ I" 'roven no less e""ective9 nat%rall, occ%rrin# c!e&icals are to be 're"erred to s,nt!etic co&'o%nds "or %se in dr%#s. .3/ 7nce a nat%rall, occ%rrin# co&'o%nd !as been a''roved "or %se as a dr%#9 it can no lon#er be ne l, 'atented. .E/ A nat%rall, occ%rrin# c!e&ical cannot be 'atented %nless its e""ectiveness as a dr%# !as been ri#oro%sl, establis!ed. 15. A '%blic8service advertise&ent advises t!at 'eo'le !o !ave cons%&ed alco!ol s!o%ld not drive %ntil t!e, can do so sa"el,. In a !os'ital st%d,9 !o ever9 s%b+ects 0%estioned i&&ediatel, a"ter t!e, cons%&ed alco!ol %nderesti&ated t!e ti&e necessar, to re#ain t!eir drivin# abilit,. T!is res%lt indicates t!at &an, 'eo'le !o drink be"ore drivin# ill !ave di""ic%lt, "ollo in# t!e advertise&ents advice. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Man, 'eo'le9 i" t!e, 'lan to drink alco!ol9 &ake arran#e&ents be"ore!and "or a nondrinker to drive t!e& !o&e. .1/ T!e s%b+ects in t!e !os'ital st%d, #enerall, rated t!eir abilities &ore conservativel, t!an o%ld 'eo'le drinkin# alco!ol o%tside a !os'ital settin#. .C/ So&e 'eo'le re"rain "ro& drinkin# i" t!e, ill !ave to drive to #et !o&e a"ter ard. .3/ T!e s%b+ects in t!e !os'ital st%d, ere also 0%estioned abo%t t!e ti&e necessar, to re#ain abilities t!at do not 'la, an i&'ortant role in drivin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5II

sa"el,. .E/ A areness o" t!e '%blic8service advertise&ent is !i#!er a&on# t!e #eneral 'o'%lation t!an it as a&on# t!e s%b+ects in t!e !os'ital st%d,. 1<. Investi#ator: E*Q Coins !as &isled its clients b, 'ro&otin# so&e coins as >e(tre&el, rare? !en in "act t!ose coins are relativel, co&&on and readil, available. E*Q a#ent: T!at is ridic%lo%s. E*Q Coins is one o" t!e lar#est coin dealers in t!e orld. 6e a%t!enticate t!e coins e sell t!ro%#! a nationall, reco#ni)ed "ir& and o'erate a licensed coin dealers!i'. T!e E*Q a#ents re'l, is &ost v%lnerable to t!e criticis& t!at it .A/ e(a##erates t!e investi#ators a clai&s in order to &ake t!e& a''ear abs%rd .1/ acc%ses t!e investi#ator o" bias b%t 'resents no evidence to s%''ort t!at acc%sation .C/ "ails to establis! t!at ot!er coin dealers do not also a%t!enticate t!e coins t!ose dealers sell .3/ lists stren#t!s o" E*Q Coins !ile "ailin# to address t!e investi#ators c!ar#e .E/ 'rovides no de"inition "or t!e in!erentl, va#%e '!rase >e(tre&el, rare? 1C. 1ot! 6rite ell and E('ress 'rovide ro%nd8t!e8clock tele'!one assistance to an, c%sto&er !o %ses t!eir ord8'rocessin# so"t are. Since c%sto&ers onl, call t!e !ot lines !en t!e, "ind t!e so"t are di""ic%lt to %se9 and t!e 6rite ell !ot line receives "o%r ti&es as &an, calls as t!e E('ress !ot line9 6rite ells ord8 'rocessin# so"t are &%st be &ore di""ic%lt to %se t!an E('resss. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Calls to t!e E('ress !ot line are al&ost t ice as lon#9 on avera#e9 as are calls to t!e 6rite ell !ot line. .1/ E('ress !as t!ree ti&es t!e n%&ber o" ord8'rocessin# so"t are c%sto&ers t!at 6rite ell !as. .C/ E('ress receives t ice as &an, letters o" co&'laint abo%t its ord8 'rocessin# so"t are as 6rite ell receives abo%t its ord8'rocessin# so"t are. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" calls received b, eac! o" t!e t o !ot lines !as been #rad%all, increasin#. .E/ T!e 6rite ell !ot8line n%&ber is &ore idel, '%blici)ed t!an t!e E('ress !ot8line n%&ber. 1@. 7ver t!e last cent%r,9 'aleontolo#ists !ave %sed s&all di""erences bet een "ossil s'eci&ens to classi", tricerato's into si(teen s'ecies. T!is classi"ication is %n+%sti"ied9 !o ever9 since t!e s'eci&ens %sed to distin#%is! eleven o" t!e s'ecies co&e "ro& ani&als t!at lived in t!e sa&e area at t!e sa&e ti&e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5I1

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld enable t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ 2ot ever, s'ecies t!at lived in a #iven area is 'reserved as a "ossil. .1/ At least one individ%al o" ever, tr%e s'ecies o" tricerato's !as been discovered as a "ossil s'eci&en. .C/ 2o #eo#ra'!ical area ever s%''orts &ore t!an t!ree si&ilar s'ecies at t!e sa&e ti&e. .3/ In &an, s'ecies9 individ%als dis'la, 0%ite &arked variation. .E/ 3i""erences bet een "ossil s'eci&ens o" tricerato's t!at ca&e "ro& t!e sa&e area are no less distinctive t!an di""erences bet een s'eci&ens t!at ca&e "ro& di""erent areas. 1G. Man, cons%&ers are concerned abo%t t!e ecolo#ical e""ects o" aste"%l 'acka#in#. T!is concern 'robabl, e('lains !, stores !ave been 0%ick to stock ne cleanin# 'rod%cts t!at !ave been 'rod%ced in a concentrated "or&. T!e concentrated "or& is 'acka#ed in s&aller containers t!at %se less 'lastic and re0%ire less trans'ortation s'ace. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e e('lanation o""ered above.A/ $e cons%&ers believe t!at containers o" concentrated cleanin# 'rod%cts are &erel, s&all 'acka#es o" re#%lar cleanin# 'rod%cts. .1/ T!e containers in !ic! concentrated cleanin# 'rod%cts are 'acka#ed are no !arder to rec,cle t!an t!ose in !ic! re#%lar cleanin# 'rod%cts are 'acka#ed. .C/ T!ose concentrated cleanin# 'rod%cts t!at are intended to be %sed dil%ted !ave clear instr%ctions "or dil%tion 'rinted on t!eir labels. .3/ T!e s&aller containers o" concentrated cleanin# 'rod%cts enable s%'er&arkets and dr%#stores to increase t!eir reven%es "ro& a #iven s!el" s'ace. .E/ Cons%&er 'ress%re !as led to t!e eli&ination o" aste"%l cardboard 'acka#in# t!at as %sed "or co&'act discs. TEST 5I 25 Minutes 16 Questions 1. In t!e "irst !al" o" t!is ,ear9 "ro& Jan%ar, to J%ne9 abo%t t!ree &illion videocassette recorders ere sold. T!is n%&ber is onl, <@ 'ercent o" t!e total n%&ber o" videocassette recorders sold last ,ear. T!ere"ore9 total sales o" videocassette recorders ill al&ost certainl, be lo er "or t!is ,ear t!an t!e, ere "or last ,ear. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e total n%&ber o" videocassette recorders sold last ,ear as lo er t!an t!e

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5I5

total n%&ber sold in t!e ,ear be"ore t!at. .1/ Most 'eo'le !o are interested in o nin# a videocassette recorder !ave alread, '%rc!ased one. .C/ 4ideocassette recorders are less e('ensive t!is ,ear t!an t!e, ere last ,ear. .3/ 7" t!e videocassette recorders sold last ,ear9 al&ost GI 'ercent ere sold in Jan%ar,. .E/ T,'icall,9 over AI 'ercent o" t!e sales o" videocassette recorders &ade in a ,ear occ%r in t!e &ont!s o" 2ove&ber and 3ece&ber. 5. M%d "ro& a lake on an %nin!abited ooded island in nort!ern Lake S%'erior contains to(ic c!e&icals9 incl%din# to(a'!ene9 a banned 'esticide "or cotton t!at 'revio%sl, as &an%"act%red and %sed9 not in nearb, re#ions o" Canada or t!e nort!ern =nited States9 b%t in t!e so%t!ern =nited States. 2o d%&'in# !as occ%rred on t!e island. T!e island lake is s%""icientl, elevated t!at ater "ro& Lake S%'erior does not reac! it. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses.A/ T!e aters o" t!e island lake are &ore severel, 'oll%ted t!an t!ose o" Lake S%'erior. .1/ T!e to(a'!ene as carried to t!e island in t!e at&os'!ere b, inds. .C/ 1annin# c!e&icals s%c! as to(a'!ene does not aid t!e nat%ral environ&ent. .3/ To(a'!ene !as adverse e""ects on !%&an bein#s b%t not on ot!er or#anis&s. .E/ Concentrations o" to(a'!ene in t!e soil o" cotton8#ro in# re#ions are not s%""icient o" be &eas%rable. <. Last ,ear in t!e =nited States9 o&en !o ran "or state and national o""ices ere abo%t as likel, to in as &en. :o ever9 onl, abo%t "i"teen 'ercent o" t!e candidates "or t!ese o""ices ere o&en. T!ere"ore9 t!e reason t!ere are so "e o&en !o in elections "or t!ese o""ices is not t!at o&en !ave di""ic%lt, innin# elections b%t t!at so "e o&en ant to r%n. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e concl%sion #iven.A/ Last ,ear t!e 'ro'ortion o" o&en inc%&bents !o on reelection as s&aller t!an t!e 'ro'ortion o" &en inc%&bents !o on reelection. .1/ $e o&en !o r%n "or state and national o""ices r%n a#ainst ot!er o&en. .C/ Most o&en !o !ave no stron# desire to be 'oliticians never r%n "or state and national o""ices. .3/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" 'eo'le !oldin# local o""ices !o are o&en is s&aller t!an t!e 'ro'ortion o" 'eo'le !oldin# state and national o""ices !o are o&en. .E/ Man, &ore o&en t!an &en !o ant to r%n "or state and national o""ices do not beca%se t!e, cannot #et ade0%ate "%ndin# "or t!eir ca&'ai#ns. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5I<

C.

Sa&'les "ro& a cera&ic vase "o%nd at a to&b in Sicil, 'rove t!at t!e vase as &an%"act%red in Greece. Since t!e occ%'ant o" t!e to&b died d%rin# t!e rei#n o" a Sicilian r%ler !o lived 59AII ,ears a#o9 t!e location o" t!e vase indicates t!at t!ere as trade bet een Sicil, and Greece 59AII ,ears a#o. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Sicilian 'otters !o lived d%rin# t!e rei#n o" t!e r%ler did not 'rod%ce ork o" t!e sa&e level o" 0%alit, as did Greek 'otters. .1/ Sicilian cla, t!at as %sed in t!e &an%"act%re o" 'otter, d%rin# t!e r%lers rei#n bore little rese&blance to Greek cla, %sed to &an%"act%re 'otter, at t!at ti&e. .C/ At t!e ti&e t!at t!e occ%'ant o" t!e to&b as alive9 t!ere ere s!i's ca'able o" trans'ortin# lar#e 0%antities o" &an%"act%red #oods bet een Sicil, and Greece. .3/ T!e vase t!at as "o%nd at t!e Sicilian to&b as not 'laced t!ere &an, #enerations later b, descendants o" t!e occ%'ant o" t!e to&b. .E/ T!e occ%'ant o" t!e to&b as not a &e&ber o" t!e ro,al "a&il, to !ic! t!e Sicilian r%ler belon#ed.

@.

In several cities9 t!e #overn&ent is #oin# a!ead it! a&bitio%s constr%ction 'ro+ects des'ite t!e !i#! o""ice vacanc, rates in t!ose cities. T!e vacant o""ices9 t!o%#! available "or leasin#9 %n"ort%natel, do not &eet t!e re0%ire&ents "or t!e "acilities needed9 s%c! as co%rt !o%ses and laboratories. T!e #overn&ent9 t!ere"ore9 is not #%ilt, o" an, "iscal aste"%lness. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent above de'ends.A/ Ada'tation o" vacant o""ice s'ace to &eet t!e #overn&ents re0%ire&ents9 i" 'ossible9 o%ld not &ake leasin# s%c! o""ice s'ace a &ore cost8e""ective alternative to ne constr%ction. .1/ T!e #overn&ent 're"ers leasin# "acilities to o nin# t!e& in cases !ere t!e t o alternatives are e0%all, cost8e""ective. .C/ I" "acilities available "or leasin# co&e ver, close to &eetin# t!e #overn&ents re0%ire&ents "or "acilities t!e #overn&ent needs9 t!e #overn&ent can rela( its o n re0%ire&ents sli#!tl, and consider t!ose "acilities in co&'liance. .3/ T!e #overn&ents constr%ction 'ro+ects o%ld not on bein# co&'leted9 add to t!e stock o" "acilities available "or leasin# in t!e cities concerned. .E/ 1e"ore e&barkin# on an, &a+or constr%ction 'ro+ect9 t!e #overn&ent is re0%ired b, la to establis! be,ond an, reasonable do%bt t!at t!ere are no alternatives t!at are &ost cost8e""ective.

G.

Fotato c,st ne&atodes are a 'est o" 'otato cro's. T!e ne&atodes can lie dor&ant "or several ,ears in t!eir c,sts9 !ic! are 'rotective ca's%les9 and do not e&er#e e(ce't in t!e 'resence o" c!e&icals e&itted b, 'otato roots. A co&'an, t!at !as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5IC

identi"ied t!e relevant c!e&icals is 'lannin# to &arket t!e& to 'otato "ar&ers to s'read on t!eir "ields !en no 'otatoes are 'lantedD an, ne&atodes t!at e&er#e ill soon starve to deat!. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best s%''orts t!e clai& t!at t!e co&'an,s 'lan ill be s%ccess"%l.A/ 2e&atodes t!at !ave e&er#ed "ro& t!eir c,sts can be killed b, ordinar, 'esticides. .1/ T!e onl, 'art o" a 'otato 'lant t!at a ne&atode eats is t!e roots. .C/ So&e bacteria co&&onl, 'resent in t!e roots o" 'otatoes di#est t!e c!e&icals t!at ca%se t!e ne&atodes to e&er#e "ro& t!eir c,sts. .3/ Trials !ave s!o n t!at s'readin# even &in%te 0%antities o" t!e c!e&icals on 'otato "ields ca%sed nine8tent!s o" t!e ne&atodes 'resent to e&er#e "ro& t!eir c,sts. .E/ T!e c!e&icals t!at ca%se t!e ne&atodes to e&er#e "ro& t!eir c,sts are not e&itted all t!e ti&e t!e 'otato 'lant is #ro in#. A. It is better "or t!e environ&ent i" as &%c! o" all 'acka#in# as 'ossible is &ade "ro& &aterials t!at are biode#radable in land"ills. T!ere"ore9 it is al a,s a c!an#e "or t!e orse to re'lace 'acka#in# &ade "ro& 'a'er or cardboard it! 'acka#in# &ade "ro& 'lastics t!at are not biode#radable in land"ills. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 constit%tes t!e stron#est ob+ection to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e 'a'er and cardboard %sed in 'acka#in# are %s%all, not biode#radable in land"ills. .1/ So&e 'lastic %sed in 'acka#in# is biode#radable in land"ills. .C/ In &an, land"ills9 a si#ni"icant 'ro'ortion o" s'ace is taken %' b, &aterials ot!er t!an discarded 'acka#in# &aterials. .3/ It is i&'ossible to avoid entirel, t!e %se o" 'acka#in# &aterials t!at are not biode#radable in land"ills. .E/ So&eti&es9 in 'acka#in# an ite&9 'lastics t!at are not biode#radable in land"ills are co&bined it! cardboard. B. An, serio%s 'olic, disc%ssion abo%t acce'table levels o" risk in connection it! e('losions is not ell served i" t!e 'artici'ants "ail to %se t!e ord >e('losion? and %se t!e '!rase >ener#etic disasse&bl,? instead. In "act9 t!e ord >e('losion? elicits desirable reactions9 s%c! as a !ei#!tened level o" attention9 !ereas t!e s%bstit%te '!rase does not. T!ere"ore9 o" t!e t o ter&s9 >e('losion? is t!e one t!at s!o%ld be %sed t!ro%#!o%t disc%ssions o" t!is sort. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent above de'ends.A/ In t!e kind o" disc%ssion at iss%e9 t!e advanta#es o" desirable reactions to t!e ter& >e('losion? o%t ei#! t!e dra backs9 i" an,9 arisin# "ro& %ndesirable reactions to t!at ter&. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5I@

.1/ T!e '!rase >ener#etic disasse&bl,? !as not so "ar been %sed as a s%bstit%te "or t!e ord >e('losion? in t!e kind o" disc%ssion at iss%e. .C/ In an, serio%s 'olic, disc%ssion9 !at is said b, t!e 'artici'ants is &ore i&'ortant t!an !o it is '%t into ords. .3/ T!e onl, reason t!at 'eo'le o%ld !ave "or %sin# >ener#etic disasse&bl,? in 'lace o" >e('losion? is to render i&'ossible an, serio%s 'olic, disc%ssion concernin# e('losions. .E/ T!e '!rase >ener#etic disasse&bl,? is not necessaril, o%t o" 'lace in describin# a controlled rat!er t!an an accidental e('losion. H. Mannis Cor'orations arc!ival records are stored in an obsolete "or&at t!at is accessible onl, b, its c%rrent co&'%ter s,ste&D t!%s t!e, are inaccessible !en t!at s,ste& is not "%nctionin# 'ro'erl,. In order to avoid t!e 'ossibilit, o" losin# access to t!eir arc!ival records in t!e case o" co&'%ter &al"%nction9 Mannis 'lans to re'lace its c%rrent co&'%ter s,ste& it! a ne s,ste& t!at stores records in a "or&at t!at is accessible to several di""erent s,ste&s. T!e ans er to !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions o%ld be &ost !el'"%l in eval%atin# t!e e""ectiveness o" t!e 'lan as a &eans o" retainin# access to t!e arc!ival records.A/ 6ill t!e ne co&'%ter s,ste& re0%ire "e er o'erators t!an t!e c%rrent s,ste& re0%ires.1/ :as Mannis Cor'oration al a,s stored its arc!ival records in a co&'%teri)ed "or&at.C/ 6ill t!e ne co&'%ter s,ste& t!at Mannis 'lans ens%re #reater sec%rit, "or t!e records stored t!an does Mannis c%rrent s,ste&.3/ 6ill Mannis c%rrent collection o" arc!ival records be readil, trans"erable to t!e ne co&'%ter s,ste&.E/ 6ill t!e ne co&'%ter s,ste& be able to 'er"or& &an, &ore tasks t!an t!e c%rrent s,ste& is able to 'er"or&1I. Last ,ear t!e orld ide 'a'er ind%str, %sed over t ice as &%c! "res! '%l' .'%l' &ade directl, "ro& ra 'lant "ibers/ as rec,cled '%l' .'%l' &ade "ro& aste'a'er/. A 'a'er8ind%str, anal,st !as 'ro+ected t!at b, 5I1I t!e ind%str, ill %se at least as &%c! rec,cled '%l' ann%all, as it does "res! '%l'9 !ile %sin# a #reater 0%antit, o" "res! '%l' t!an it did last ,ear. I" t!e in"or&ation above is correct and t!e anal,sts 'ro+ections 'rove to be acc%rate9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'ro+ections &%st also be acc%rate.A/ In 5I1I t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill %se at least t ice as &%c! rec,cled '%l' as it did last ,ears. .1/ In 5I1I t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill %se at least t ice as &%c! total '%l' as it did last ,ear. .C/ In 5I1I t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill 'rod%ce &ore 'a'er "ro& a #iven a&o%nt o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5IG

'%l' t!an it did last ,ear. .3/ As co&'ared it! last ,ear9 in 5I1I t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill &ake &ore 'a'er t!at contains onl, rec,cled '%l'. .E/ As co&'ared it! last ,ear9 in 5I1I t!e 'a'er ind%str, ill &ake less 'a'er t!at contains onl, "res! '%l'. 11. In &alaria8in"ested areas9 &an, c!ildren tend to s%""er several bo%ts o" &alaria be"ore beco&in# i&&%ne to t!e disease. Clearl,9 !at &%st be !a''enin# is t!at t!ose c!ildrens i&&%ne s,ste&s are onl, eakl, sti&%lated b, an, sin#le e('os%re to t!e &alaria 'arasite and need to be c!allen#ed several ti&es to 'rod%ce an e""ective i&&%ne res'onse. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e e('lanator, !,'ot!esis.A/ I&&ediatel, a"ter a c!ild !as s%""ered a bo%t o" &alaria9 t!e c!ilds care#ivers tend to #o to #reat len#t!s in takin# 'reca%tions to 'revent anot!er in"ection9 b%t t!is level o" attention is not s%stained. .1/ Malaria is s'read "ro& 'erson to 'erson b, &os0%itoes9 and &os0%itoes !ave beco&e increasin#l, resistant to t!e 'esticides %sed to control t!e&. .C/ A certain #ene9 i" in!erited b, c!ildren "ro& onl, one o" t!eir 'arents9 can render t!ose c!ildren lar#el, i&&%ne to in"ection it! &alaria. .3/ Anti&alaria vaccines9 o" !ic! several are in develo'&ent9 are all desi#ned to ork b, sti&%latin# t!e bod,s i&&%ne s,ste&. .E/ T!ere are several distinct strains o" &alaria9 and t!e bod,s i&&%ne res'onse to an, one o" t!e& does not 'rotect it a#ainst t!e ot!ers. 15. An advertise&ent desi#ned to convince readers o" t!e #reat d%rabilit, o" a%to&obiles &an%"act%red b, t!e 3el%(e Motor Car Co&'an, cites as evidence t!e "act t!at over !al" o" all a%to&obiles b%ilt b, t!e co&'an, since 1HAI are still on t!e road toda,9 co&'ared to no &ore t!an a t!ird "or an, ot!er &an%"act%rer. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e advertise&ents ar#%&ent.A/ A"ter takin# in"lation into acco%nt9 a ne 3el%(e a%to&obile costs onl, sli#!tl, &ore t!an a ne &odel did in 1HAI. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" a%to&obiles b%ilt b, 3el%(e eac! ,ear !as not increased s!ar'l, since 1HAI. .C/ 7 ners o" 3el%(e a%to&obiles t,'icall, kee' t!eir cars ell &aintained. .3/ Since 1HAI9 3el%(e !as &ade "e er c!an#es in t!e a%to&obiles it &an%"act%res t!an ot!er car co&'anies !ave &ade in t!eir a%to&obiles. .E/ 3el%(e a%to&obiles !ave been sellin# at relativel, stable 'rices in recent ,ears. 1<. Man, state le#islat%res are considerin# 'ro'osals to t!e e""ect t!at certain 'olicies http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5IA

s!o%ld be deter&ined not b, t!e le#islat%re itsel" b%t b, '%blic re"erenda in !ic! ever, voter can take 'art. Critics o" t!e 'ro'osals ar#%e t!at t!e o%tco&es o" '%blic re"erenda o%ld be biased9 since ealt!, s'ecial8interest #ro%'s are able to in"l%ence voters vie s b, &eans o" television advertise&ents. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e critics ar#%&ent.A/ Man, state le#islators re#ard '%blic re"erenda as a a, o" avoidin# votin# on iss%es on !ic! t!eir constit%ents are divided. .1/ 3%rin# elections "or &e&bers o" t!e le#islat%re9 t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o vote is %na""ected b, !et!er t!e candidates r%n television advertise&ents or not. .C/ Fro'onents o" 'olicies t!at are o''osed b, ealt!, s'ecial8interest #ro%'s are o"ten %nable to a""ord advertisin# ti&e on local television stations. .3/ 3i""erent s'ecial8interest #ro%'s o"ten take o''osin# 'ositions on 0%estions o" !ic! 'olicies t!e state s!o%ld ado't. .E/ Television stations are rel%ctant to beco&e associated it! an, one 'olitical o'inion9 "or "ear o" losin# vie ers !o do not s!are t!at o'inion. 1C. Advertise&ent: 7" t!e &an, over8t!e8co%nter &edications &arketed "or t!e relie" o" sin%s !eadac!e. SineEase costs t!e least 'er dose. And SineEase is as e""ective 'er dose as t!e &ost e""ective o" t!ose ot!er &edications. So "or relie" "ro& sin%s !eadac!es9 SineEase is t!e best b%,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Most o" t!e over8t!e8co%nter &edications &arketed "or t!e relie" o" sin%s !eadac!e are e0%all, e""ective 'er dose in 'rovidin# s%c! relie". .1/ Man, o" t!e over8t!e8co%nter &edications &arketed "or t!e relie" o" sin%s !eadac!e contain t!e sa&e active in#redient as SineEase. .C/ Feo'le !o s%""er "ro& "re0%ent sin%s !eadac!es are stron#l, advised to cons%lt a doctor be"ore takin# an, over8t!e8co%nter &edication. .3/ An over8t!e8co%nter &edication t!at is &arketed "or t!e relie" o" s,&'to&s o" !ead cold is identical in co&'osition to SineEase b%t costs less 'er dose. .E/ T!e 'er dose 'rice "or an, #iven over8t!e8co%nter &edication &arketed "or t!e relie" o" sin%s !eadac!e is !i#!er "or s&aller 'acka#es t!an it is "or lar#er 'acka#es. 1@. In t!e =nited States9 vacationers acco%nt "or &ore t!an !al" o" all visitors to !at are tec!nicall, called >'%re a0%ari%&s? b%t "or "e er t!an one 0%arter o" all visitors to )oos9 !ic! %s%all, incl%de a >)oo a0%ari%&? o" relativel, &odest sco'e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to acco%nt "or t!e di""erence described above bet een visitors to )oos and visitors to '%re a0%ari%&s.A/ In cities t!at !ave bot! a )oo and a '%re a0%ari%&9 local residents are t ice as likel, to visit t!e a0%ari%& as t!e, are to visit t!e )oo. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5IB

.1/ 4irt%all, all lar#e &etro'olitan areas !ave )oos9 !ereas onl, a "e lar#e &etro'olitan areas !ave '%re a0%ari%&s. .C/ 7ver t!e last ten ,ears9 ne l, constr%cted '%re a0%ari%&s !ave o%tn%&bered ne l, establis!ed )oos b, a "actor o" t o to one. .3/ Feo'le !o visit a )oo in a #iven ,ear are t o ti&es &ore likel, to visit a '%re a0%ari%& t!at ,ear t!an are 'eo'le !o do not visit a )oo. .E/ T!e )oo a0%ari%&s o" )oos t!at are in t!e sa&e cit, as a '%re a0%ari%& tend to be s&aller t!an t!e a0%ari%&s o" )oos t!at !ave no '%re a0%ari%& nearb,. 1G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e &ost lo#ical co&'letion o" t!e ar#%&ent belo T!e ta( s,ste& o" t!e Re'%blic o" Grootland enco%ra#es borro in# b, #rantin# its ta('a,ers ta( relie" "or interest 'aid on loans. T!e s,ste& also disco%ra#es savin# b, ta(in# an, interest earned on savin#s. 2evert!eless9 it is clear t!at Grootlands ta( s,ste& does not consistentl, "avor borro in# over savin#9 "or i" it did9 t!ere o%ld be no;;;;;; .A/ ta( relie" in Grootland "or t!ose 'ortions o" a ta('a,ers inco&e9 i" an,9 t!at are set aside to increase t!at ta('a,ers total savin#s .1/ ta( relie" in Grootland "or t!e 'rocessin# "ees t!at ta('a,ers 'a, to lendin# instit%tions !en obtainin# certain kinds o" loans .C/ ta( relie" in Grootland "or interest t!at ta('a,ers are c!ar#ed on t!e %n'aid balance in credit card acco%nts .3/ ta(es d%e in Grootland on t!e cas! val%e o" #i"ts received b, ta('a,ers "ro& banks tr,in# to enco%ra#e 'eo'le to o'en savin#s acco%nts .E/ ta(es d%e in Grootland on t!e a&o%nt t!at a ta('a,er !as invested in interest8 bearin# savin#s acco%nts

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5IH

LSAT
TEST 1
SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. owever, you are to choose the best answer! that is, the response that most accurately and completely answers the question. "ou should not ma#e assumptions that are by commonsense standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. $fter you have chosen the best answer, blac#en the corresponding space on your answer sheet.

1.

Mr. 6est: 6ell9 Ms. S&it!9 b, !o &%c! do ,o% 'lan to increase ,o%r donation to t!e c%lt%ral societ, t!is ,ear- *o% kno !o &an, ort! !ile 'ro+ects e do. Ms. S&it!: I& not so s%re o" t!at. I as ver, %'set abo%t t!e stat%e ,o% '%rc!ased last &ont!. I t!ink Ill #ive no &ore &one, to ,o%r ca%se. Mr. 6est: T!ats all ri#!t: ell +%st '%t ,o% do n "or t!e sa&e a&o%nt t!at ,o% #ave last ,ear. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ords or '!rases !as been &isinter'reted in t!e conversation.A/ >increase? .1/ >,o% kno ? .C/ > ort! !ile? .3/ >no &ore? .E/ >sa&e a&o%nt?

5.

:and ritin# anal,sisKalso kno n as #ra'!olo#,Kis a 'oor a, to 'redict 'ersonalit, t,'es9 even t!o%#! it is %sed b, <9III =nited States "ir&s and b, a &a+orit, o" E%ro'ean co&'anies. In a recent st%d,9 "ive #ra'!olo#ists scored no better t!an c!ance in 'redictin# t!e occ%'ations o" "ort, 'ro"essionals. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion necessar, to t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Feo'le in t!e sa&e occ%'ation %s%all, do not !ave t!e sa&e 'ersonalit, t,'e. .1/ Gra'!olo#, is an e""ective &eans o" 'redictin# 'ersonalit, t,'es in non8 b%siness conte(ts. .C/ T!ere are &ore =nited States "ir&s t!at do not %se #ra'!olo#, t!an all t!e =nited States and E%ro'ean "ir&s t!at do %se it. .3/ T!ere are several ot!er tec!ni0%es "or 'redictin# 'ersonalit, t,'es t!at are &ore acc%rate t!an #ra'!olo#,. .E/ T!ere is a corres'ondence bet een t,'e o" 'ersonalit, and c!oice o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

51I

occ%'ation. Questions 3-4 T!e si&'le "acts are t!ese: t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le killed eac! ,ear b, #ri))l, bears is abo%t t!e sa&e as t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le killed b, li#!tnin# on #ol" co%rses. And t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le killed b, li#!tnin# on #ol" co%rses eac! ,ear is abo%t t!e sa&e as t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le electroc%ted b, electric blenders. All t!e !orrible &,t!s and #r%eso&e stories aside9 t!ere"ore9 a #ri))l, bear is in "act abo%t as dan#ero%s as an electric blender or a #a&e o" #ol". <. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at t!e a%t!or relies %'on in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Most incidents involvin# #ri))l, bears are "atal. .1/ Gri))l, bears are no lon#er t!e dan#er t!e, once ere. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" "atalities 'er ,ear is an ade0%ate indication o" so&et!in#s dan#ero%sness. .3/ A #ol" co%rse is a 'artic%larl, dan#ero%s 'lace to be in a t!%nderstor&. .E/ So&et!in# is dan#ero%s onl, i" it res%lts in deat! in t!e &a+orit, o" cases. C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost e""ectivel, %nder&ine t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent.A/ Alt!o%#! t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le killed b, li#!tnin# on #ol" co%rses eac! ,ear is ver, s&all9 t!e total n%&ber o" li#!tnin# "atalities is &an, ti&es #reater. .1/ Electric blenders are a&on# t!e sa"est !o%se!old a''liancesD ere t!e a%t!or to co&'are "atalities "ro& electrical a''liances in #eneral9 s!e o%ld #et a &%c! !i#!er "i#%re. .C/ Most 'eo'le o%ld rat!er take t!eir c!ances it! blenders and #ol" #a&es t!an it! #ri))l, bears. .3/ 1ears in #eneralKincl%din# black9 bro n9 and cinna&on bears9 as ell as #ri))l, bearsKkill &an, &ore 'eo'le t!an do electric blenders. .E/ Statistics s!o t!at t!e n%&ber o" ti&es 'eo'le %se electric blenders eac! ,ear e(ceeds t!e n%&ber o" ti&es 'eo'le 'la, #ol" eac! ,ear9 !ic! in t%rn "ar e(ceeds t!e n%&ber o" contacts 'eo'le !ave it! #ri))l, bears eac! ,ear. @. E&'eror: T!e ene&, e&'ire across t!e sea !as !arassed %s "or cent%ries. I ant to con0%er it and sto' it once and "or all. 6!at advice can ,o% #ive &eAd&iral: I" ,o% cross t!e sea9 a &i#!t, e&'ire ill "all. E&'eror: In t!at case9 're'are t!e troo's. 6e set sail toni#!t. 7" t!e "ollo in#9 t!e stron#est criticis& o" t!e E&'erors decision to invade o%ld be t!at it .A/ is certain to lead to t!e e&'erors de"eat .1/ is based on o'inion rat!er t!an ob+ective "acts abo%t troo' stren#t! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

511

.C/ contradicts t!e Ad&irals state&ent .3/ "ails to consider "%ll, t!e 'ossible &eanin#s o" t!e Ad&irals advice .E/ is a "%tile strate#, "or solvin# t!e 'roble& at !and G. 2o senator s'oke at t!e convention %nless !e or s!e as a 3e&ocrat. 2o 3e&ocrat bot! s'oke at t!e convention and as a senator. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be correctl, dra n "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ 2o one b%t senators s'oke at t!e convention. .1/ 2o 3e&ocrat s'oke at t!e convention. .C/ 7nl, 3e&ocrats s'oke at t!e convention. .3/ 2o senator s'oke at t!e convention. .E/ So&e 3e&ocrat senators s'oke at t!e convention. A. I" Sara! ere a concert 'ianist "or a &a+or orc!estra9 s!e o%ld be "a&o%s. S!e is not a concert 'ianist since s!e is not "a&o%s. T!e concl%sion above is %nso%nd beca%se t!e a%t!or does not consider t!at .A/ Sara! co%ld be a "a&o%s actress. .1/ Sara! co%ld be a !ar'ist "or a &a+or orc!estra. .C/ Sara! co%ld be a 'ianist it! a rock #ro%'. .3/ Sara! co%ld be a concert 'ianist it! a &inor orc!estra. .E/ Sara! co%ld be "a&o%s "or anot!er reason. B. 2e%roscientists are &akin# 'ro#ress in discoverin# &ore abo%t t!e ca%se o" Al)!ei&ers disease. Al)!ei&ers disease 'atients s%""er "ro& de&entia and sever &e&or, loss. A%to'sies 'er"or&ed on s%c! 'atients !ave revealed t!e 'resence o" brain lesions ca%sed b, abnor&al 'rotein de'osits. Si&ilar de'osits are also "o%nd in t!e brains o" elderl, 'atients !o do not s%""er "ro& Al)!ei&ers disease. It "ollo s t!at ever,one !o lives lon# eno%#! ill event%all, develo' Al)!ei&ers disease. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e concl%sion t!at ever,one !o lives lon# eno%#! ill event%all, develo' Al)!ei&ers disease.A/ T!e lesions "o%nd in t!e brains o" non8Al)!ei&ers disease 'atients are "ar less e(tensive t!an t!ose "o%nd in t!e brains o" Al)!ei&ers disease 'atients. .1/ T!e develo'in# brain 'rod%ces a #reater n%&ber o" cells t!an it ill ever %se. T!e e(tra cells are later destro,ed b, !at biolo#ists call >'ro#ra&&ed cell deat!.? .C/ T!e 'roced%re t!at allo s scientists to discover t!e 'resence o" 'rotein de'osits d%rin# an a%to's, is not ,et re"ined eno%#! to ens%re detection o" t!e lesions in all 'atients.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

515

.3/ A%to'sies !ave s!o n t!at so&e 'eo'le lack t!e c!e&ical necessar, "or 'rotein de'osits to ca%se brain lesions. .E/ T!o%#! &ost Al)!ei&ers disease 'atients develo' t!e disease !en t!e, are in t!eir late "i"ties to earl, seventies9 t!e "re0%enc, o" 'atients !o develo' t!e disease in t!eir "orties is on t!e rise. H. $ree '%blic ed%cation is t!e best "or& o" ed%cation t!ere is. T!ere"ore9 e &%st "i#!t to ens%re its contin%ed e(istenceD t!at is9 e &%st be read, to de"end t!e 'rinci'le o" e0%alit, o" ed%cational o''ort%nit,. 1eca%se t!is 'rinci'le is e ort! de"endin#9 it is clear t!at "ree '%blic ed%cation is better t!an an, ot!er "or& o" ed%cation. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ill%strates t!e sa&e eak reasonin# as "o%nd in t!e 'assa#e.A/ I love &%sic9 and t!ats !, I listen to it constantl,. I !ave &, stereo or radio on ever, akin# &in%te. Since I 'la, &%sic all t!e ti&e9 I &%st reall, love it. .1/ 1ooks are &, &ost val%able 'ossessions. M, books are like &, "riendsK eac! 'leases &e in di""erent a,s. J%st as I o%ld #ive %' ever,t!in# to save &, "riends9 so too it! &, books. .C/ I o%ld &%c! rat!er be 'oor and res'ected t!an be ric! and des'ised. To !ave t!e res'ect o" ot!ers is "ar &ore val%able t!an to !ave &illions o" dollars. .3/ I !ave never been betra,ed b, an, o" &, "riends. T!e, !ave been tr%e to &e t!ro%#! #ood ti&es and bad. T!ere"ore I ill never betra, an, o" &, "riends. .E/ 1eca%se ever, 'lant I !ave ever seen !as #reen leaves9 I !ave concl%ded t!at all 'lants &%st !ave #reen leaves. T!is looks like a 'lant b%t it does not !ave #reen leaves9 so it cannot be a 'lant. 1I. So&e 'eo'le sa, t!at t!e scarcit, o" "ood is a "%nction o" t!e "inite li&its o" t!e eart!s reso%rces9 co%'led it! a relentless rate o" 'o'%lation #ro t!. T!is anal,sis "ails to reco#ni)e9 !o ever9 t!at &%c! o" t!e orlds a#ric%lt%ral reso%rces are %sed to "eed livestock instead o" 'eo'le. In t!e =nited States9 "or e(a&'le9 al&ost one8!al" o" t!e a#ric%lt%ral acrea#e is devoted to cro's "ed to livestock. A steer red%ces t ent,8one 'o%nds o" ine('ensive #rain to one 'o%nd o" e('ensive &eat. T!%s9 t!e scarcit, o" "ood is not &erel, a "%nction o" li&ited reso%rces and 'o'%lation #ro t!. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at o%ld allo t!e concl%sion in t!e ar#%&ent to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ Feo'le 're"er eatin# &eat to eatin# #rain. .1/ Meat is t ent,8one ti&es &ore e('ensive t!an #rain. .C/ T!e li&its o" t!e eart!s a#ric%lt%ral reso%rces are not "inite. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

51<

.3/ More t!an one8!al" o" t!e a#ric%lt%ral acrea#e in t!e =nited States is devoted to cro's "ed to !%&ans. .E/ Gro in# cro's "or !%&an cons%&'tion on t!e acrea#e c%rrentl, devoted to cro's "or livestock ill ,ield &ore "ood "or &ore 'eo'le. 11. :ani"a!: A recent s%rve, s!o s t!at t!ere are "e er 'eo'le !o drive onl, on eekends t!an t!ere are 'eo'le !o drive to ork eac! eekda,. As a res%lt9 eekend8onl, drives are involved in "e er accidents. T!ere"ore9 ins%rance rates s!o%ld be ad+%sted so t!at rates o%ld be si#ni"icantl, !i#!er "or t!e re#%lar co&&%ters. Mats%: I cant a#ree it! ,o%r concl%sion. T!e sa&e st%d, also s!o ed t!at9 alt!o%#! eekend8onl, drives are involved in "e er accidents9 !en considered on t!e basis o" accidents8'er8&ile8driven t!eir records are orse t!an t!ose o" re#%lar co&&%ters. T!ere"ore9 ins%rance rates s!o%ld be ad+%sted to increase t!e rates o" eekend8onl, drivers over t!ose o" re#%lar co&&%ters. In t!e conversation above9 Mats% does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Mats% disa#rees it! eac! o" t!e 're&ises o" t!e ar#%&ent t!at :ani"a! o""ers. .1/ Mats% cites additional evidence statin# t!at eekend8onl, drivers are act%all, involved in a #reater n%&ber o" accidents t!an re#%lar co&&%ters. .C/ Mats% acc%ses :ani"a! o" %sin# inacc%rate statistical in"or&ation. .3/ Mats% 'roves t!at :ani"a! didnt read t!e entire re'ort t!at as cited. .E/ Mats% disa#rees it! :ani"a! over !o accident records are to be eval%ated "or ins%rance rates. 15. I" Co%ntr, E does not intervene &ilitaril, in Co%ntr, *9 t!en t!e !ole re#ion ill de"initel, "all %nder ene&, in"l%ence. It &ost lo#icall, "ollo s "ro& t!e state&ent above t!at9 i" Co%ntr, E does intervene &ilitaril, in Co%ntr, *9 t!en t!e !ole re#ion .A/ 6ill de"initel, "all %nder ene&, in"l%ence .1/ 6ill 'robabl, "all %nder ene&, in"l%ence .C/ 6ill 'robabl, not "all %nder ene&, in"l%ence .3/ 6ill de"initel, not "all %nder ene&, in"l%ence .E/ Ma, or &a, not "all %nder ene&, in"l%ence 1<. To' colle#e #rad%ates are !avin# &ore di""ic%lt, de&onstratin# t!eir s%'eriorit, to 'ros'ective e&'lo,ers t!an did t!e to' st%dents o" t ent, ,ears a#o !en an !onors de#ree as distinction eno%#!. Toda,s e&'lo,ers are less i&'ressed it! t!e !onors de#ree. T ent, ,ears a#o no &ore t!an 1I 'ercent o" a #iven class #rad%ated it! !onors. Toda,9 !o ever9 beca%se o" #rade in"lation9 t!e !onors de#ree #oes to &ore t!an @I 'ercent o" a #rad%atin# class. T!ere"ore9 to restore con"idence in t!e de#rees t!e, a ard9 colle#es &%st take ste's to control #rade http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

51C

in"lation. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at9 i" tr%e9 o%ld s%''ort t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Toda,s st%dents are not !i#!er ac!ievers t!an t!e st%dents o" t ent, ,ears a#o. .1/ A ardin# too &an, !onors de#rees ca%ses colle#es to in"late #rades. .C/ Toda,s e&'lo,ers rel, on !onors rankin# in &akin# t!eir !irin# decisions. .3/ It is not eas, "or st%dents it! lo #rades to obtain +obs. .E/ Colle#es &%st &ake e&'lo,ers a are o" t!e criteria %sed to deter&ine !o receives an !onors de#ree. 1C. Eit!er Ferr,s "action or T%ckers "action9 b%t not bot!9 ill in control o" t!e #overn&ent. I" Ferr,s "action ins9 t!e nation ill s%""er econo&icall,. I" T%ckers "action ins9 t!e nation ill s%""er &ilitaril,. Given t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents &%st be tr%e.A/ It is 'ossible9 b%t not certain9 t!at t!e nation ill neit!er s%""er econo&icall, nor s%""er &ilitaril,. .1/ I" t!e nation s%""ers econo&icall,9 it is certain t!at Ferr,s "action !as on control o" t!e #overn&ent. .C/ It is certain t!at t!e nation ill s%""er eit!er econo&icall, or &ilitaril,9 and also certain t!at it ill not s%""er bot!. .3/ I" t!e nation s%""ers &ilitaril,9 it is 'ossible9 b%t not certain9 t!at T%ckers "action !as on control o" t!e #overn&ent. .E/ I" t!e nation s%""ers bot! econo&icall, and &ilitaril,9 it is certain t!at neit!er Ferr,s "action nor T%ckers !as on control o" t!e #overn&ent. 1@. 7ne o" t!e &ore reliable &et!ods o" deter&inin# re#ional cli&atic conditions in 're!istoric 'eriods is to e(a&ine 'lant 'ollen tra''ed in #lacial ice d%rin# ancient ti&es. 1, co&'arin# s%c! 'ollen sa&'les it! s'ores taken "ro& &odern ve#etation9 scientists can "i#%re o%t a''ro(i&atel, !at t!e eat!er as like at t!e ti&e o" 'ollen de'osition. $%rt!er&ore9 b, s%b&ittin# t!e 're!istoric sa&'les to radiocarbon datin# tec!ni0%es9 e can also deter&ine !en certain cli&atic conditions ere 'revalent in t!at 'ortion o" t!e #lobe. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &a, be in"erred "ro& t!e in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e eart! !as %nder#one several #lacial 'eriods. .1/ Radiocarbon datin# can be corroborated b, #lacial evidence. .C/ Si&ilarities bet een 're!istoric and conte&'orar, cli&ates do not e(ist. .3/ Follen de'osition is a "airl, contin%o%s 'rocess. .E/ Certain "lora are reliabl, associated it! 'artic%lar cli&atic conditions.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

51@

1G. Investi#ators concl%ded t!at !%&an "ail%re as not res'onsible "or t!e "atal air'lane cras! last A%#%st9 and since t!at ti&e ne and &ore strin#ent r%les "or identi",in# and re'ortin# &ec!anical 'roble&s !ave been in e""ect. T!at acco%nts "or t!e "act t!at re'orts o" air'lane &ec!anical 'roble&s !ave increased in "re0%enc, b, @I 'ercent since last A%#%st. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion %nderl,in# t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Air'lane travel is still relativel, sa"e9 des'ite t!e increase in re'orted &ec!anical 'roble&s. .1/ Mec!anical 'roble&s in air'lanes !ave increased dra&aticall, since last A%#%st. .C/ Mec!anical 'roble&s in air'lanes !ave not increased b, @I 'ercent since last A%#%st. .3/ Airlines are less rel%ctant to re'ort &ec!anical 'roble&s t!an t!e, 'revio%sl, ere. .E/ Mec!anical 'roble&s in air'lanes !ave beco&e easier to detect since last A%#%st. 1A. T!e 'ec%liar evil o" silencin# t!e e('ression o" an o'inion is t!at it robs t!e !%&an race. It takes "ro& 'osterit,9 as ell as t!e e(istin# #eneration9 and "ro& t!ose !o dissent "ro& t!e o'inion even &ore t!an "ro& t!ose !o !old it. I" t!e o'inion is ri#!t9 t!e, are de'rived o" t!e o''ort%nit, o" e(c!an#in# error "or tr%t!D i" it is ron#9 t!e, lose !at is al&ost as #reat a bene"it: t!e clearer 'erce'tion and livelier i&'ression o" tr%t!9 'rod%ced b, its collision it! error. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best e('resses t!e concl%sion 'resented in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Silencin# t!e e('ression o" an o'inion is robbin# t!e !%&an race. .1/ Silencin# t!e e('ression o" an o'inion !ar&s t!ose !o dissent &ore t!an t!ose !o a#ree. .C/ An,one !o a#rees it! an o'inion o%ld not ant to silence its e('ression. .3/ Gainin# a clearer 'erce'tion and livelier i&'ression o" tr%t! is a #reat bene"it. .E/ T!e #reatest bene"it is t!e o''ort%nit, o" e(c!an#in# tr%t! "or error. 1B. 1r%s!in# ,o%r teet! re#%larl,9 no &atter !ic! toot!'aste ,o% %se9 ill red%ce ,o%r c!ances o" toot! deca,. Scientists !ave concl%ded t!at9 !en ,o% br%s!9 ,o% red%ce toot! deca, b, re&ovin# t!e "il& o" 'la0%e t!at "or&s on teet! and #%&s. So9 ,o% can "or#et abo%t "l%orides: br%s! ,o%r teet! care"%ll, and sa, #oodb,e to cavities. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a criticis& o" t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 1r%s!in# it! "l%oride toot!'aste !as been s!o n to red%ce toot! deca,. .1/ T!e "act t!at br%s!in# ill red%ce toot! deca, does not s!o t!at "l%orides http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

51G

are o" no val%e. .C/ $e 'eo'le ade0%atel, re&ove 'la0%e b, br%s!in#. .3/ Feo'le !ave 'la0%e on t!eir teet! &ost o" t!e ti&e. .E/ Scientists !ave been ron# abo%t "l%orides. 1H. So&e #ood cooks are #o%r&et cooks !o 'ride t!e&selves on al a,s %sin# e(trava#antl, ric! in#redients in elaborate reci'es. So&e #ood cooks can be c!aracteri)ed as "ast8"ood cooks. T!e, &a, %se ric! in#redients as lon# as t!e reci'es are eas, to "ollo and take little ti&e. 7t!er #ood cooks are !ealt! "ood ent!%siasts9 !o are concerned 'ri&aril, it! t!e n%tritional val%e o" "ood. 1%t even t!o%#! not all #ood cooks are bi# eaters9 t!e, all en+o, 're'arin# and servin# "ood. I" t!e in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e is tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# CA227T be tr%e.A/ Most #ood cooks do not %se e(trava#antl, ric! in#redients. .1/ Ever,one !o en+o,s 're'arin# and servin# "ood is a #ood cook. .C/ More #ood cooks !o %se e(trava#antl, ric! in#redients are bi# eaters t!an are #ood cooks !o do not %se s%c! in#redients. .3/ T!ere are "e er #ood cooks !o en+o, servin# and 're'arin# "ood t!an t!ere are #ood cooks !o are bi# eaters. .E/ Go%r&et cooks9 "ast8"ood cooks9 and cooks !o are !ealt! "ood ent!%siasts are all bi# eaters. 5I. Most disc%ssions o" t!e "actors contrib%tin# to i&'rove&ents in '%blic !ealt! #reatl, %nderesti&ate t!e in"l%ence o" t!e val%es !eld b, individ%als. T!is in"l%ence is indicated b, t!e "act t!at t!e astonis!in# decline in &ortalit, "ro& in"ectio%s disease d%rin# t!e 'ast cent%r, as 'ri&aril, d%e to an i&'rove&ent in livin# conditions. To a s%bstantial de#ree9 t!ese i&'rove&ents de'ended on t!e e&'!asis b, an increasin# s!are o" t!e 'o'%lation on cleanliness9 'r%dence9 and &oderation. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e is &ade 'ri&aril, b, .A/ anal,)in# e(istin# data on &edical 'ractices and !ealt! o%tco&es .1/ 'resentin# a set o" related ca%se8and8e""ect assertions .C/ a''l,in# several #eneral 'rinci'les to a s'eci"ic case .3/ 'resentin# a #eneral observation and s%''ortin# it it! several s'eci"ic e(a&'les .E/ re"%tin# in detail a co&&onl, acce'ted ar#%&ent Questions !1-!! I" t!e cit, co%ncil instit%tes ne 'arkin# re#%lations9 cit, reven%es ill s%rel, increase9 since st%dies !ave concl%sivel, s!o n t!at9 i" s%c! 'arkin# re#%lations are '%t into e""ect9 t!ere is an increase in 'arkin# violations9 and an increase in 'arkin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

51A

violations ill res%lt in a #reater n%&ber o" 'arkin# "ines collected. 51. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is closest9 in ter&s o" its lo#ical "eat%res9 to t!e reasonin# %sed in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Last ,ears increase in reven%es can be easil, e('lained. T!at as t!e ,ear t!e cit, co%ncil instit%ted ne 'arkin# re#%lations. 2o do%bt t!e ne la bro%#!t it! it an increase in t!e n%&ber o" 'arkin# violations. .1/ I" ta(es ere increased9 t!is act o%ld nat%rall, res%lt in increased reven%es "or t!e cit,9 and increased reven%es o%ld &ake so&e desirable social 'ro#ra&s 'ossible. So9 i" ta(es ere increased9 so&e desirable social 'ro#ra&s o%ld beco&e 'ossible. .C/ :enr, sa,s t!at9 i" t!e cit, co%ncil #oes into closed session9 an i&'ortant &atter o" 'ersonnel 'olic, is bein# disc%ssed. :o ever9 no 'ersonnel &atters ere disc%ssed at t!e co%ncil &eetin#9 so i" :enr, is ri#!t9 t!e co%ncil did not #o into closed session. .3/ All cars 'arked on t!e nort! side o" t!e street ere ticketed last ni#!t9 and t!e sa&e cars ere to ed a a, t!is &ornin#. So be areJ A car ticketed in t!is cit, also #ets to ed a a,. .E/ Allen sa,s t!at9 i" t!e cit, co%ncil instit%tes ne 'arkin# re#%lations9 it is %nlikel, t!at reven%es "or t!e cit, ill increase. I" Allen is ri#!t9 t!en t!e 'arkin# re#%lation 'lan s!o%ld not be instit%ted. 55. I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ =nless t!ere is an increase in t!e n%&ber o" 'arkin# violations in t!e cit,9 cit, reven%es ill not increase. .1/ I" t!e cit, co%ncil instit%tes ne 'arkin# re#%lations9 t!e co%ncil ill "all "ro& "avor it! t!e citi)ens. .C/ T!e cit, co%ncil ill instit%te ne 'arkin# re#%lations onl, i" an increase in cit, reven%es can be e('ected to res%lt. .3/ I" t!e cit, co%ncils ne re#%lations ca%se &ore 'arkin# violators to be ticketed9 t!e cit, reven%es ill increase. .E/ =nless t!e cit, instit%tes a co&'le( s,ste& o" 'arkin# re#%lations9 t!e cit, cannot e('ect tra""ic violations to increase. 5<. T!e "%nction o" #overn&ent is to satis", t!e #en%ine ants o" t!e &asses9 and #overn&ent cannot satis", t!ose ants %nless it is in"or&ed abo%t !at t!ose ants are. $reedo& o" s'eec! ens%res t!at s%c! in"or&ation ill reac! t!e ears o" #overn&ent o""icials. T!ere"ore9 "reedo& o" s'eec! is indis'ensable "or a !ealt!, state. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld 27T %nder&ine t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Feo'le &ost o"ten do not kno !at t!e, #en%inel, ant. by Gemj

http://www.chasedream.com/

GMAT & LSAT CR

51B

.1/ $reedo& o" s'eec! tends %lti&atel, to %nder&ine social order9 and social order is a 'rere0%isite "or satis",in# t!e ants o" t!e &asses. .C/ T!e 'ro'er "%nction o" #overn&ent is not to satis", ants9 b%t to 'rovide e0%alit, o" o''ort%nit,. .3/ $reedo& o" s'eec! is not s%""icient "or satis",in# t!e ants o" t!e &asses: social order is necessar, as ell. .E/ R%lers alread, kno !at t!e 'eo'le ant. 5C. An %nbiased observer o" ever,da, enco%nters in 6estern societies o%ld s%rel, not "ind &an, instances o" %nkindness b, 'eo'le %nder G@ to ard 'eo'le over G@. T!ere are %ndo%btedl, incidents o" %nkindness based on a#e9 and t!ese arrant re'roo". :o ever9 t!e ver, "act t!at s%c! re'roo" occ%rs and is #enerall, acce'ted i&'lies t!at o%r 6estern societies basicall, res'ect t!e elderl,. T!e sa&e concl%sion can be dra n "ro& a recent s%rve, "indin#: A1 'ercent o" t!e %nder G@ 'o'%lation a#reed it! t!e state&ent t!at >'eo'le over G@ receive too little res'ect "ro& societ,?9 !ile onl, CC 'ercent o" t!e over8G@ 'o'%lation9 t!e tar#et o" t!e alle#ed irreverence a#reed it! it. T!e a%t!or concl%des t!at 6estern societies basicall, res'ect t!e elderl, 'artl, beca%se .A/ 'eo'le %nder G@ are +%st as kind to 'eo'le over G@ as t!e, are to 'eo'le o" t!eir o n a#e #ro%' .1/ s%rve, data s%##est t!at "e er 'eo'le over G@ t!an %nder G@ #et too little res'ect .C/ disres'ect "or t!e elderl, does not #o so "ar as to res%lt in act%al !ar& .3/ s%rve, data s%##est t!at 'eo'le over G@ are &ore a are o" incidents involvin# disres'ect to t!e elderl, t!an are 'eo'le %nder G@ .E/ incidents o" %nkindness to t!e elderl, are neit!er co&&on nor #enerall, acce'ted in 6estern societies 5@. T!ese da,s9 ever,one talks abo%t bein# too b%s,. 1%t all t!is b%s,ness does not see& to res%lt in t!in#s #ettin# done. J%st as &an, tasks are still le"t %nco&'leted9 '!one calls %nret%rned9 and a''oint&ents &issed as t!ere ere in t!e da,s be"ore t!is o%tbreak o" b%s,ness. T!ere"ore9 'eo'le &%st not be as b%s, as t!e, clai&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!ese da,s9 lookin# b%s, is a stat%s s,&bol. .1/ Feo'le !ave to do &%c! &ore t!ese da,s t!an be"ore t!e so8called o%tbreak o" b%s,ness. .C/ Feo'le aste so &%c! ti&e talkin# abo%t bein# b%s, t!at t!e, "ail to #et t!in#s done. .3/ J%st as &an, t!in#s are #ettin# done no as be"ore t!e so8called o%tbreak o" b%s,ness. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

51H

.E/ Feo'le !ave &ore leis%re ti&e t!ese da,s t!an be"ore t!e so8called o%tbreak o" b%s,ness. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!e #overn&ent s!o%ld enact a bill t!at o%ld 'ro!ibit t!e sale and cons%&'tion o" alco!ol on co&&%ter trains. Recentl,9 t!e state9 e(ercisin# its le#iti&ate a%t!orit,9 'assed a la to 'rotect t!e !ealt! o" co&&%ters b, 'ro!ibitin# s&okin# on t!e co&&%ter line. 6!en into(icated riders #et o"" t!e train9 #et in t!eir cars9 and drive9 t!e '%blic is e('osed to at least as &%c! dan#er as are nons&okin# rail 'assen#ers !o are "orced to in!ale ci#arette s&oke. In ar#%in# t!at alco!ol cons%&'tion on co&&%ter trains s!o%ld be banned9 t!e a%t!or relies on .A/ t!e "act t!at drinkin# alco!ol is dan#ero%s to ones !ealt! .1/ t!e 'rinci'le t!at 'eo'le need to be 'rotected "ro& t!eir o n actions .C/ t!e %se o" e&otionall, c!ar#ed descri'tions o" s&okin# and drinkin# alco!ol .3/ t!e readers s,&'at!, "or t!e 'roble&s o" co&&%ters .E/ a co&'arison bet een t!e e""ects o" s&okin# and t!e e""ects o" drinkin# alco!ol

5.

Creatin# "alse &arble is an art at !ic! onl, t!ose it! a li#!t !and can e(cel. Ficasso9 !o ever9 as a #reat artist9 so !ile !e did not !ave a li#!t !and !e co%ld !ave e(celled at creatin# "alse &arble. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# contains a lo#ical error t!at &ost closel, rese&bles t!e lo#ical error contained in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e 'olice !ave deter&ined t!at t!e &%rderer le"t !is "in#er'rints on t!e kni"e. Iras "in#er'rints do not &atc! t!ose on t!e kni"e9 so e can eli&inate !i& as a s%s'ect. .1/ It is tr%e t!at it is necessar, to ork !ard in order to s%cceed. :o ever9 s&it! as #overnor o" t!e state9 so it as 'ossible "or !i& to s%cceed it!o%t orkin# !ard. .C/ 6!enever I eat n%ts o" an, kind I break o%t in !ives. A"ter eatin# t!e 'ie I did not break o%t9 so I kno it co%ld not !ave been real 'ecan 'ie. .3/ I" t!e inventor, can be sold it!in t!e ne(t "e &ont!s t!e b%siness can be saved. :o ever9 since a sale cannot be concl%ded 0%ickl,9 t!e b%siness ill #o %nder. .E/ 7nl, t!e brave deserve t!e s'oils. Ma+or 6ilson !as distin#%is!ed !i&sel" several ti&es "or braver,9 so s%rel, !e deserves t!e s'oils.

<.

Cass: 6ar and 'eace are &%t%all, e(cl%sive. T!ere"ore9 a nation cannot be http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55I

're'arin# "or bot! ar and 'eace si&%ltaneo%sl,. Stanisla%s: 1%t arent t!e =.S. and t!e =.S.S.R. doin# 'recisel, t!at- T!e, are s'endin# vast a&o%nts o" &one, on ar researc! and ar&a&ents !ile at t!e sa&e ti&e t!e, are ne#otiatin# trade a#ree&ents and n%clear ar&s treaties t!at are desi#ned to sec%re 'eace. Alt!o%#! t!e, are &aintainin# a s!ak, 'eace"%l coe(istence9 t!e, are 're'arin# "or bot! ar and 'eace si&%ltaneo%sl,. In order to re"%te Casss concl%sion9 Stanisla%s .A/ de&onstrates t!at a nation can be at ar and at 'eace at t!e sa&e ti&e .1/ 'oints o%t t!at t!ere are several di""erent &eanin#s to t!e ords > ar? and >'eace? .C/ %ses a di""erent &eanin# "or t!e ter& >si&%ltaneo%sl,? t!an Cass does .3/ s!o s t!at 're'arin# "or ar and 're'arin# "or 'eace are not &%t%all, e(cl%sive .E/ c!an#es an ar#%&ent based on a de"inition into one based on an et!ical consideration C. Accordin# to advertise&ents9 t!e !i#!er a s%ntan lotions s%n 'rotection "actor9 or SF$9 t!e &ore 'rotection "ro& s%nb%rn. In order "or a s%ntan lotion to ork9 !o ever9 one !as to re&e&ber to '%t it on be"ore #oin# in t!e s%n9 '%t on an ade0%ate a&o%nt to cover t!e skin9 and rea''l, it as needed. T!ere"ore9 it reall, does not &atter !at SF$ a s%ntan lotion !as. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best identi"ies t!e error in reasonin# &ade in t!e 'assa#e.A/ It is %nreasonable to ass%&e t!at t!e onl, '%r'ose o" a s%ntan lotion is to 'rovide 'rotection "ro& s%nb%rn. .1/ 1eca%se so&e 'eo'le #et s%nb%rned &ore easil, t!an ot!ers9 t!e "act t!at t!ere are di""erent SF$s cannot be i#nored. .C/ It cannot be concl%ded t!at t!e SF$ is not i&'ortant +%st beca%se t!ere are re0%ire&ents "or t!e a''lication o" t!e s%ntan lotion. .3/ It is %nreasonable to ass%&e t!at all s%ntan lotions re0%ire t!e sa&e a''lication. .E/ T!ere is no reason to ass%&e t!at &an%"act%rers are %na are t!at 'eo'le so&eti&es "or#et to a''l, s%ntan lotion be"ore #oin# in t!e s%n. Questions 5-& Fatient: 3octor9 I read an article t!at clai&ed t!at t!e "irst "e !o%rs a"ter birt! are ver, i&'ortant to establis!in# a &ot!er8in"ant bond9 !ic! is t!e "irst ste' in b%ildin# a !ealt!, relations!i'. Can ,o% ass%re &e t!at &, relations!i' it! &, bab, !as not been 'er&anentl, !ar&ed b, o%r se'aration "or several da,s a"ter !is birt!F!,sician: *o%r relations!i' it! ,o%r c!ild !as not been !ar&ed b, t!e se'aration. Mot!er8in"ant bondin# is not like an >instant #l%e? t!at ce&ents ,o%r relations!i' http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

551

"orever. :avin# ,o%r in"ant it! ,o% d%rin# t!e 'eriod i&&ediatel, a"ter birt! does #ive ,o%r relations!i' a !ead start9 b%t &an, "actors are involved in b%ildin# a stron# and lastin# relations!i' bet een a &ot!er and !er c!ild. @. I" ever,t!in# t!e doctor sa,s is correct9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ T!e best relations!i's bet een &ot!ers and t!eir c!ildren are ca%sed b, i&&ediate &ot!er8in"ant bondin#. .1/ T!ere is a !i#! de#ree o" correlation bet een t!e best relations!i's bet een &ot!ers and t!eir c!ildren and t!ose t!at be#an it! i&&ediate &ot!er8 in"ant bondin#. .C/ A stron# and lastin# relations!i' is necessar, "or &ot!er8in"ant bondin#. .3/ 6!ere i&&ediate &ot!er8in"ant bondin# takes 'lace9 a stron# and lastin# relations!i' bet een a &ot!er and !er c!ild ill be ass%red. .E/ I&&ediate &ot!er8in"ant bondin# is not necessar, "or a stron# and lastin# relations!i' bet een a &ot!er and !er c!ild. G. T!e doctor does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in !er re'l, to !er 'atient.A/ S!e re+ects an analo#, in an atte&'t to red%ce t!e 'atients concern. .1/ S!e cites evidence to s!o t!at t!e 'atients orr, is %n"o%nded. .C/ S!e &isinter'rets t!e 'atients e('lanation o" !er concern. .3/ S!e establis!es t!at t!e article t!at t!e 'atient read as in error. .E/ S!e na&es ot!er "actors t!at are &ore i&'ortant in creatin# a &ot!er8in"ant bond. A. A recent s%rve, s!o ed t!at &an, orkers in a certain co&'an, are dissatis"ied it! t!eir +obs. T!e s%rve, also s!o ed t!at &ost o" t!e dissatis"ied orkers believe t!at t!e, !ave little control over t!eir +ob assi#n&ents. T!ere"ore9 to increase orkers +ob satis"action t!e co&'an,s &ana#e&ent need onl, concentrate on c!an#in# orkers belie"s re#ardin# t!e de#ree o" control t!e, !ave over t!eir +ob assi#n&ents. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" also s!o n b, t!e s%rve,9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, call into 0%estion t!e concl%sion &ade b, t!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e dissatis"ied orkers "eel t!at t!eir a#es are too lo and orkin# conditions are %nsatis"actor,. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" orkers in t!e co&'an, !o are satis"ied it! t!eir +obs is #reater t!an t!e n%&ber !o are dissatis"ied. .C/ T!e orkers in t!e co&'an, are &ore dissatis"ied t!an orkers in ot!er co&'anies. .3/ Most 'eo'le in co&'an, &ana#e&ent believe t!at t!e orkers alread, !ave too &%c! control over t!eir ork. .E/ T!e orkers in t!e co&'an, !o are satis"ied it! t!eir +obs believe t!at t!e, !ave a lot o" control over t!eir +ob assi#n&ents. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

555

B.

3r. S!eila Forter 'lans to r%n an e('eri&ent %sin# n%rsin# st%dents. Eac! st%dent ill be s!o n eit!er a 'leasant nat%re "il& or a dist%rbin# !orror "il&. Eac! st%dent ill be observed b, so&eone !oKlookin# onl, at t!e st%dents "acial e('ressionsK&%st ascertain !ic! "il& is bein# s!o n. St%dents s!o n t!e !orror &ovie are told to !ide t!eir "eelin#s in order to convince t!e observer t!at t!e, are atc!in# a 'leasant "il&. 3r. Forter !,'ot!esi)es t!at all t!e st%dents in t!e e('eri&ent !o are convincin# ill be a&on# t!e best at orkin# it! 'atients. T!e !,'ot!esis ill be tested b, co&'arin# t!e convincin# st%dents and %nconvincin# st%dents in ter&s o" t!eir 'er"or&ance it! 'atents. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# incidents best ill%strates 3r. Forters !,'ot!esis.A/ 2iles9 t!e &ost convincin# st%dent in t!e e('eri&ent9 later ent on to beco&e a '!,sician. .1/ A"ter #rad%atin#9 *os!iro9 a n%rsin# st%dent !o as convincin# in t!e e('eri&ent9 !el'ed care "or 1ra&9 a 'atient at a !os'ital. 1ra& recovered "ro& !is o'eration. .C/ A"ter #rad%atin#9 Mi&9 a n%rsin# st%dent in t!e e('eri&ent !o atc!ed t!e nat%re "il&9 as re&oved "ro& t!e sta"" o" a !os'ital "or %nacce'table 'er"or&ance in 'atient care. .3/ 3aria9 a n%rsin# st%dent !o as convincin# in t!e e('eri&ent9 later received >As? in t!ose classes in !ic! orkin# it! 'atients in a teac!in# !os'ital as t!e sole basis o" !er #rades. .E/ Marite9 a n%rsin# st%dent !o as not convincin# in t!e e('eri&ent9 later 0%it n%rsin# sc!ool.

H.

T!ose !o t!ink it! a !ierarc!ical &entalit, strive "or sit%ations in !ic! t!eir side is do&inant and t!e ot!er side is s%b&issive. In contrast9 co&&%nal t!inkers strive "or 'arit, a&on# all sides. T!ere"ore9 ac!ievin# 'arit, o" n%clear ea'onr, bet een t!e East and t!e 6est is not eno%#! "or 6estern &ilitar, #enerals. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions o%ld 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e concl%sion above.A/ 6estern &ilitar, #enerals do not !ave t!e sa&e &entalit, as do Eastern &ilitar, #enerals. .1/ Farit, in n%clear ea'onr, re0%ires t!at &ilitar, #enerals "ro& bot! t!e East and t!e 6est t!ink in co&&%nal ter&s. .C/ 6estern &ilitar, #enerals ant 'arit, it! res'ect to stren#t! in n%clear ea'onr, bet een t!e East and t!e 6est. .3/ 6estern &ilitar, #enerals t!inkin# abo%t relative stren#t! in n%clear ea'onr, is !ierarc!ical. .E/ T!e t!inkin# o" &ilitar, #enerals it! res'ect to relative stren#t! in n%clear ea'onr, is eit!er !ierarc!ical or co&&%nal.

1I. It !as al a,s been di""ic%lt to %nderstand t!e basis o" 'olitics in t!e Feo'les http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55<

Re'%blic o" C!ina. 1eca%se t!e s,ste& is e""ectivel, closed9 it is i&'ossible to kno it! an, de#ree o" con"idence !o is allied it! !o& and "or !at reasons. *et C!inese 'olitics does e(!ibit &an, o" t!e e(ternal c!aracteristics o" "actional 'olitical s,ste&s9 as "o%nd in &ore o'en societies. It is le#iti&ate to concl%de9 t!ere"ore9 t!at C!ina !as a "actional 'olitical s,ste&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld con"ir& t!e a%t!ors concl%sion t!at C!ina !as a "actional 'olitical s,ste&.A/ All o'en 'olitical s,ste&s are "actional 'olitical s,ste&s. .1/ All "actional 'olitical s,ste&s are closed 'olitical s,ste&s. .C/ All closed 'olitical s,ste&s are "actional 'olitical s,ste&s. .3/ C!inas 'olitical s,ste& is &ore o'en t!an &an, e(istin# "actional 'olitical s,ste&s. .E/ C!inas 'olitical s,ste& is &ore closed t!an all e(istin# "actional 'olitical s,ste&s. 11. Since no one ret%rns "ro& deat!9 e can never be certain abo%t !at 'asses t!ro%#! t!e &ind o" t!e d,in# 'erson. $or t!e %nconscio%s9 t!e con"%sed9 and t!e !eavil, sedated9 t!ese "inal &o&ents are 'robabl, &eanin#less. :o ever9 "or t!e &entall, alert9 it is 0%ite 'ossible t!at deat! 'resents itsel" as an %nbelievabl, #lorio%s e('erience9 a "li#!t into an entirel, ne %niverse o" sensation. 6!, s!o%ld e t!ink so- So&e 'eo'le !o !ave been re'rieved "ro& >certain? deat! at t!e last &o&ent !ave e('erienced !at #oes t!ro%#! t!e conscio%sness o" t!ose !o are not so "ort%nate. $or e(a&'le9 'arac!%tists !o !ave s%rvived "alls re'ort e('eriences t!at rese&ble 's,c!edelic >tri's.? T!e 'ri&ar, 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e is .A/ no one ret%rns "ro& deat! .1/ d,in# can be a #lorio%s e('erience .C/ e can never kno !at 'asses t!ro%#! t!e &ind o" a d,in# 'erson .3/ so&e 'eo'le are re'rieved "ro& deat! at t!e last &o&ent .E/ so&e 'eo'le >die?9 ,et live to re'ort t!eir9 e('eriences 15. Aristotle rote t!at a t,rant o%ld be ell advised to '%t on t!e a''earance o" %nco&&on devotion to reli#ion. S%b+ects are &ore tolerant o" %n+%st treat&ent "ro& a r%ler !o& t!e, consider #od8rearin# and 'io%s. Moreover as &ost s%b+ects believe t!at even t!e #ods are on t!e side o" t!e r%ler9 t!e s%b+ects are less a't to &ove a#ainst !i&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! Aristotles ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ T!e s%b+ects o" t,rannical r%lers t,'icall, believe t!at t!ere is a 'o er ot!er t!an t!e &ortal. .1/ A t,rant cannot r%le %nless !e !as divine 'o er on !is side.

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55C

.C/ T!e s%b+ects o" t,rannical r%lers can rarel, be "ooled b, a''earances. .3/ T,rants !o are devoted to reli#ion ill not treat t!eir s%b+ects %n+%stl,. .E/ $or a t,rant9 t!e a''earance o" %nco&&on devotion to reli#ion is a &ore e""ective &eans o" r%lin# t!an %n+%st treat&ent. 1<. T!at #ad#et I bo%#!t "or t!e kitc!en last eek !as alread, broken. Its +%st anot!er e(a&'le o" t!e s!odd, 'rod%cts t!at e are seein# &ore and &ore o" t!ese da,s. T!e t!in# as 'robabl, &an%"act%red in East Golo. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best e('ression o" an %nstated 're&ise t!at %nderlies t!e a%t!ors reasonin# in t!e 'assa#e.A/ I" a &an%"act%rer %ses s!odd, &aterials to &ake a #ad#et9 t!e #ad#et is likel, to break 0%ickl,. .1/ I" a #ad#et breaks 0%ickl,9 it as 'robabl, &an%"act%red in East Golo. .C/ I" a kitc!en #ad#et as &an%"act%red in East Golo9 it s!o%ld not be sold in t!is co%ntr,. .3/ I" ever,t!in# t!at is &an%"act%red in East Golo breaks 0%ickl,9 t!en kitc!en #ad#ets &an%"act%red in East Golo are likel, to break 0%ickl,. .E/ 2ot!in# t!at is &an%"act%red in East Golo can be e('ected to last &ore t!an a eek. 1C. All t!ose !o kee' a +o%rnal ill be !eard b, t!e ne(t #eneration. So&e o" t!ese +o%rnal riters are tr%e artists9 ot!ers !%&oro%s observers o" t!e co&&on'lace9 and still ot!ers ins%""erable e#otists !o "eel co&'elled to record t!eir ever, t!o%#!t. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ 2ot all o" t!ose !o are !%&oro%s observers o" t!e co&&on'lace ill be !eard b, t!e ne(t #eneration. .1/ Ever,one !o ill be !eard b, t!e ne(t #eneration kee's a +o%rnal. .C/ T!e ne(t #eneration ill !ear bot! ins%""erable e#otists and tr%e artists. .3/ So&e o" t!ose !o kee' +o%rnals are not tr%e artists9 !%&oro%s observers o" t!e co&&on'lace9 or ins%""erable e#otists. .E/ T!e ne(t #eneration ill bear so&e o" t!ose !o are tr%e artists b%t not all o" t!e&. 1@. Sven: Trade %nions are traditionall, re#arded b, #overn&ents and econo&ists as restraints o" trade9 orkin# a#ainst t!e co&'lete "reedo& o" t!e econo&,9 b%t I believe t!at %nions are indis'ensable since t!e, are o"ten t!e orkers onl, 'rotection a#ainst e('loitation. Ravi: I dont a#ree. T!e e('loitation o" t!e orkers and t!eir ork is a nor&al 'art o" ordinar, trade +%st like t!e e('loitation o" nat%ral or ot!er &aterial reso%rces. Sven and Ravi ill not be able to resolve t!eir disa#ree&ent lo#icall, %nless t!e, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55@

.A/ de"ine a ke, ter& .1/ rel, on t!e o'inions o" establis!ed a%t!orities .C/ 0%estion an %n'roved 're&ise .3/ 'resent s%''ortin# data .E/ distin#%is! "act "ro& o'inion 1G. :istor, te(tbooks "re0%entl, need to be revised. T!e reasons "or t!is are clear: ne discoveries o" doc%&ents and re&ains9 t!e discover, o" &istaken in"erences in 'rior !istories9 t!e discover, o" 'revio%sl, %nnoticed relations!i's a&on# data9 and t!e a''lication o" !it!erto %ndiscovered 'rinci'les o" nat%ral science all &a, indicate inade0%acies in c%rrent !istor, te(ts. An, o" t!ese considerations &a, re0%ire t!at t!e 'ast be reinter'reted in a &anner t!at is ne and &ore ill%&inatin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e inter'retation o" !istorical events is a""ected b, nat%ral science. .1/ T!e 'ast is constantl, rene ed beca%se o" ill%&inatin# reinter'retations. .C/ :istor, books are o%tdated as soon as t!e, are ritten. .3/ 2at%ral scientists also "%nction as !istorians. .E/ :istorians &istaken in"erences are ca%sed b, %nnoticed relations!i's a&on# data. Questions 1'-18 I" t!e arti"icial is not better t!an t!e nat%ral9 to !at end are all t!e arts o" li"e- To di#9 to 'lo 9 to b%ild9 to ear clot!esKall are direct violations o" t!e in+%nction to "ollo nat%re. 1A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade b, t!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e arts o" li"e !ave no %se"%l end. .1/ T!e arti"icial is not better t!an t!e nat%ral. .C/ 3i##in#9 'lo in#9 b%ildin#9 and earin# clot!es are better t!an nat%re. .3/ T!e in+%nction to "ollo nat%re s!o%ld not be violated. .E/ T!e arts o" li"e are indirect &eans o" "ollo in# nat%re. 1B. I" t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent ere c!allen#ed on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e constr%ction o" b%ildin#s !as adverse e""ects on t!e nat%ral environ&ent9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# re'lies &i#!t t!e a%t!or %se to res'ond to t!e c!allen#e lo#icall,.A/ T!ere are !%&an activities9 s%c! as &akin# &%sic9 t!at are environ&entall, !ar&less. .1/ :ar&in# t!e environ&ent is not an end9 or '%r'ose9 o" t!e arts o" li"e. .C/ T!e constr%ction co%ld involve t!e %se o" nat%ral9 not arti"icial9 &aterials. .3/ Constr%ctin# b%ildin#s is not an >art o" li"e.? http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55G

.E/ Even i" t!e nat%ral environ&ent is dist%rbed b, t!e constr%ction o" b%ildin#s9 it is i&'roved "or !%&an %se. 1H. T!ere are at least t!ree 'eo'le in t!e roo&. At &ost t o 'eo'le in t!e roo& reco#ni)e eac! ot!er. At least one 'erson in t!e roo& reco#ni)es ever,bod, else in t!e roo&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is 27T consistent it! t!e above.A/ $o%r 'eo'le are in t!e roo&. .1/ 2o t o 'eo'le in t!e roo& reco#ni)e eac! ot!er. .C/ At &ost one 'erson in t!e roo& reco#ni)es ever,bod, else in t!e roo&. .3/ An,one in t!e roo& !o reco#ni)es an, ot!er 'erson in t!e roo& is also reco#ni)ed b, t!at 'erson. .E/ T o 'eo'le in t!e roo& reco#ni)e ever, one else in t!e roo&. 5I. Abolis! ta(es9 and real ta('a,ers o%ld "ind t!at t!eir dis'osable inco&es !ave increased. Abolis! ta(es9 and '%blic e&'lo,ees o%ld "ind t!at t!eir inco&es !ave disa''eared. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a lo#ical concl%sion t!at de'ends on in"or&ation in bot! o" t!e state&ents above.A/ F%blic o""ices s!o%ld be abolis!ed so t!at dis'osable inco&es ill rise. .1/ T!e onl, real ta('a,ers are t!ose !o o%ld !ave &ore to s'end i" t!e, did not 'a, ta(es. .C/ F%blic e&'lo,ees are not real ta('a,ers. .3/ F%blic e&'lo,ees inco&es s!o%ld not be ta(ed since t!e, co&e "ro& ta(es. .E/ I" t!ere ere no ta(es9 t!en '%blic e&'lo,ees co%ld not be 'aid. 51. A lo 8'ress%re eat!er s,ste& is a''roac!in# FlainvilleD rain"all res%lts "ro& abo%t AI 'ercent o" s%c! s,ste&s in t!e Flainville area. Moreover9 t!e c%rrent season9 s'rin#9 is t!e ti&e o" ,ear in !ic! t!%nders!o ers9 !ic! so&eti&es res%lt "ro& lo 8'ress%re s,ste&s9 are &ost likel, to occ%r in Flainville. Mno in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 in addition to t!e in"or&ation above9 o%ld be &ost %se"%l "or deter&inin# t!e 'robabilit, t!at Flainville ill !ave a t!%nders!o er soon.A/ t!e 'ercenta#e o" t!%nders!o ers in Flainville t!at occ%r in t!e s'rin# .1/ t!e 'ercenta#e o" s'rin# rain"alls in Flainville t!at are t!%nders!o ers .C/ t!e 'ercenta#e o" t!%nders!o ers in Flainville t!at res%lt "ro& lo 8'ress%re s,ste&s .3/ !et!er lo 8'ress%re s,ste&s in ot!er areas are associated it! rain"all .E/ !et!er Flainville !as &ore or "e er t!%nders!o ers eac! s'rin# t!an do nearb, to ns 55. It is illo#ical to in"er a second and di""erent e""ect "ro& a ca%se !ic! is kno n http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55A

onl, b, one 'artic%lar e""ect. T!is is incorrect beca%se t!e in"erred e""ect &%st necessaril, be 'rod%ced b, so&e di""erent c!aracteristic o" t!e ca%se t!an is t!e observed e""ect9 !ic! alread, serves entirel, to describe t!e ca%se. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents &akes t!e sa&e lo#ical error as t!e one described b, t!e a%t!or in t!e 'assa#e.A/ An anon,&o%s donor #ave a t!o%sand dollars to o%r !istorical societ,. I o%ld #%ess t!at t!at individ%al also vol%nteers at t!e c!ildrens !os'ital. .1/ T!e radioactive &aterial ca%sed a #enetic &%tation9 !ic!9 in t%rn9 ca%sed t!e birt! de"ect. T!ere"ore9 t!e radioactive &aterial ca%sed t!e birt! de"ect. .C/ T!e tin,9 %nseen ato& is t!e so%rce o" i&&ense 'o er. It &%st be its !i#!l, co&'le( str%ct%re t!at 'rod%ces t!is 'o er. .3/ T!e cit, orc!estra received &ore "%nds "ro& t!e local #overn&ent t!is ,ear t!an ever be"ore. Clearl, t!is ad&inistration is &ore civic8&inded t!an 'revio%s ones. .E/ I" I !eat ater9 !ic! is a li0%id9 it eva'orates. I" I !eat !%ndreds o" ot!er li0%ids like ater9 t!e, eva'orate. T!ere"ore9 i" I !eat an, li0%id like ater9 it ill eva'orate. Questions !3-!4 J%st as a bic,cle c!ain &a, be too ti#!t9 so &a, ones care"%lness and conscientio%sness be so tense as to !inder t!e r%nnin# o" ones &ind. 5<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e reasonin# %sed in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ J%st as a clock &a, be o%nd too ti#!tl,9 so &a, ones ti&e be s'ent "r%itlessl, in t!e '%rs%it o" 'er"ection. .1/ J%st as a caro%sel &a, s'in too 0%ickl,9 so &a, ones ra'id concentration on several 'roble&s 'revent a resol%tion o" di""ic%lties. .C/ J%st as a &ac!ine &a, be oiled too &%c!9 so &a, ones !eav, drinkin# o" alco!olic bevera#es lead to co&'lete dissi'ation. .3/ J%st as a ra#in# river &a, be "ro)en into stillness d%rin# t!e inter9 so &a, ones career "alter at certain ti&es o" t!e ,ear. .E/ J%st as a bo(er &a, beco&e too tense be"ore a bi# "i#!t9 so &a, ones 'ersonal concerns stand in t!e a, o" 'ro"essional s%ccess. 5C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 1ic,cle c!ains are %sed to t%rn !eels9 b%t t!e !%&an &ind is %sed to >t%rn? ideas. .1/ Feo'le and bic,cles are si&ilar onl, in t!at bot! &a, not "%nction ell %nder stress. .C/ 1ic,cles !el' 'eo'le it! trans'ortation9 b%t care"%l9 conscientio%s t!o%#!t !el's to solve &an, di""erent 'roble&s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55B

.3/ E(tre&e tension !el's a bic,cle c!ain to "%nction e""icientl,. .E/ Feo'le en#a#e in 'oor reasonin# !et!er t!e, are care"%l and conscientio%s or not. 5@. All o" t!e best co&edians !ave !ad %n!a'', c!ild!oods. *et9 &an, 'eo'le !o !ave !ad !a'', c!ild!oods are #ood co&edians9 and so&e #ood co&edians !o !ave !ad &iserabl, %n!a'', c!ild!oods are !a'', ad%lts. I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# CA227T be tr%e.A/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" #ood co&edians !o !ad %n!a'', c!ild!oods is #reater t!an t!e 'ro'ortion o" t!e best co&edians !o did. .1/ So&e #ood co&edians !ave !ad %n!a'', c!ild!oods and are %n!a'', ad%lts. .C/ Most o" t!e best co&edians are !a'', ad%lts. .3/ More #ood co&edians !ave !ad %n!a'', c!ild!oods t!an !ave !ad !a'', c!ild!oods. .E/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" co&edians !o are !a'', ad%lts is !i#!er t!an t!e 'ro'ortion !o are %n!a'', ad%lts. 5G. T!e %se"%lness o" lie detectors cannot be overesti&ated. Alt!o%#! t!ere is no e&'lo,ee screenin# 'roced%re t!at is 1II 'ercent acc%rate9 t!e lie detector is a val%able tool "or e&'lo,ers and e&'lo,ees alike. T!e lie detectors %se"%lness is a&'l, de&onstrated in a recent s%rve, cond%cted b, a 'resti#io%s %niversit,. In t!e s%rve,9 t!ose e&'lo,ees o" a lar#e co&'an, !o ere a''l,in# "or a ne l, created 'osition it!in t!e co&'an, ere asked i" t!e, !ad ever orked on Fro+ect E. More t!an one8t!ird o" t!e a''licants st%died lied and said t!e, !ad orked on t!e 'ro+ectKa 'ro+ect t!at never e(isted. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best identi"ies a "la in t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent abo%t t!e %se"%lness o" lie detectors.A/ T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at !atever is #ood "or t!e e&'lo,er is #ood "or t!e e&'lo,ee. .1/ Since lie detectors are kno n to be less t!an 1II 'ercent acc%rate9 t!e test ill tend to !el' onl, t!ose it! so&et!in# to !ide. .C/ 1, re"errin# to a 'resti#io%s %niversit,9 t!e a%t!or is a''ealin# to a%t!orit, rat!er t!an to evidence. .3/ T!e st%d, s!o s onl, t!at certain individ%al ill lie9 not t!at t!e lie detector can detect t!e&. .E/ T!e a%t!or "ails to address t!e iss%e t!at t!e %se o" lie detectors &a, "ail to 'revent e&be))le&ent.

TEST 2
SECTI72 II http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

55H

Time 35 minutes 2 Questions

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

So&e 'eo'le believe t!at itnessin# violence in &ovies ill disc!ar#e a##ressive ener#,. 3oes atc!in# so&eone else eat "ill ones o n sto&ac!In !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# does t!e reasonin# &ost closel, 'arallel t!at e&'lo,ed in t!e 'assa#e.A/ So&e 'eo'le t!ink a''ro'riatin# s%''lies at ork "or t!eir o n 'ersonal %se is &orall, ron#. Isnt s!o'li"tin# &orall, ron#.1/ So&e 'eo'le t!ink nationalis& is de"ensible. :asnt nationalis& been t!e e(c%se "or co&&ittin# abo&inable cri&es.C/ So&e 'eo'le t!ink t!at bo(in# is "i(ed +%st beca%se restlin# %s%all, is. Are t!e t o s'orts &ana#ed b, t!e sa&e sort o" 'eo'le.3/ So&e 'eo'le t!ink t!at econo&ists can control in"lation. Can &eteorolo#ists &ake t!e s%n s!ine.E/ So&e 'eo'le t!ink orka!olics are co&'ensatin# "or a lack o" inter'ersonal skills. :o ever9 arent &ost doctors orka!olics-

5.

Ann: All t!e ca&'ers at Ca&' 6inne!atc!ee #o to Tri8Cities :i#! Sc!ool 1ill: T!ats not tr%e. So&e Tri8Cities st%dents are ca&'ers at Ca&' Lake&ont. 1ills ans er can be best e('lained on t!e ass%&'tion t!at !e !as inter'reted Anns re&ark to &ean t!at .A/ &ost o" t!e ca&'ers at Ca&' Lake&ont co&e "ro& !i#! sc!ools ot!er t!an Tri8Cities .1/ &ost Tri8Cities :i#! Sc!ool st%dents are ca&'ers at Ca&' 6inne!atc!ee .C/ so&e Tri8Cities :i#! Sc!ool st%dents !ave it!dra n "ro& Ca&' Lake&ont .3/ all Tri8Cities :i#! Sc!ool st%dents !ave it!dra n "ro& Ca&' Lake&ont .E/ onl, ca&'ers at Ca&' 6inne!atc!ee are st%dents at Tri8Cities :i#! Sc!ool

<.

More t!an a ,ear a#o9 t!e cit, anno%nced t!at 'olice o%ld crack do n on ille#all, 'arked cars and t!at reso%rces o%ld be diverted "ro& ritin# s'eedin# tickets to ticketin# ille#all, 'arked cars. 1%t no crackdo n !as taken 'lace. T!e 'olice c!ie" clai&s t!at reso%rces !ave !ad to be diverted "ro& ritin# s'eedin# tickets to co&batin# t!e cit,s sta##erin# dr%# 'roble&. *et t!e 'olice are still ritin# as &an, s'eedin# tickets as ever. T!ere"ore9 t!e e(c%se abo%t reso%rces bein# tied %' in "i#!tin# dr%#8related cri&e si&'l, is not tr%e. T!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ ever, &e&ber o" t!e 'olice "orce is 0%ali"ied to ork on co&batin# t!e cit,s dr%# 'roble& .1/ dr%#8related cri&e is not as serio%s a 'roble& "or t!e cit, as t!e 'olice c!ie" clai&s it is http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<I

.C/ ritin# s'eedin# tickets s!o%ld be as i&'ortant a 'riorit, "or t!e cit, as co&batin# dr%#8related cri&e .3/ t!e 'olice co%ld be crackin# do n on ille#all, 'arked cars and co&batin# t!e dr%# 'roble& it!o%t !avin# to red%ce ritin# s'eedin# tickets .E/ t!e 'olice cannot contin%e ritin# as &an, s'eedin# tickets as ever !ile divertin# reso%rces to co&batin# dr%#8related cri&e C. 3ried #rass cli''in#s &i(ed into #arden soil #rad%all, deco&'ose9 'rovidin# n%trients "or bene"icial soil bacteria. T!is res%lts in better8t!an8avera#e 'lant #ro t!. *et &i(in# "res! #rass cli''in#s into #arden soil %s%all, ca%ses 'oorer8 t!an8avera#e 'lant #ro t!. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e di""erence in 'lant #ro t! described above.A/ T!e n%&ber o" bene"icial soil bacteria increases !enever an, kind o" 'lant &aterial is &i(ed into #arden soil. .1/ 2%trients released b, dried #rass cli''in#s are i&&ediatel, available to bene"icial soil bacteria. .C/ So&e dried #rass cli''in#s retain n%trients ori#inall, derived "ro& co&&ercial la n "ertili)ers9 and t!%s 'rovide additional enric!&ent to t!e soil. .3/ $res! #rass cli''in#s &i(ed into soil deco&'ose ra'idl,9 #eneratin# !i#! levels o" !eat t!at kill bene"icial soil bacteria. .E/ 6!en a &i( o" "res! and dried #rass cli''in#s is &i(ed into #arden soil9 'lant #ro t! o"ten decreases. @. A #as ta( o" one cent 'er #allon o%ld raise one billion dollars 'er ,ear at c%rrent cons%&'tion rates. Since a ta( o" "i"t, cents 'er #allon o%ld t!ere"ore raise "i"t, billion dollars 'er ,ear9 it see&s a 'er"ect a, to deal it! t!e "ederal b%d#et de"icit. T!is ta( o%ld !ave t!e additional advanta#e t!at t!e res%ltin# dro' in t!e de&and "or #asoline o%ld be ecolo#icall, so%nd and o%ld kee' o%r co%ntr, "ro& bein# too de'endent on "orei#n oil 'rod%cers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost clearl, identi"ies an error in t!e a%t!ors reasonin#.A/ T!e a%t!or cites irrelevant data. .1/ T!e a%t!or relies on incorrect c%rrent cons%&'tion "i#%res. .C/ T!e a%t!or &akes inco&'atible ass%&'tions. .3/ T!e a%t!or &istakes an e""ect "or a ca%se. .E/ T!e a%t!or a''eals to conscience rat!er t!an reason. G. As s,&bols o" t!e "reedo& o" t!e ilderness9 bald ea#les !ave t!e %ni0%e ca'acit, to ins'ire 'eo'le and "oster in t!e& a s,&'at!etic attit%de to ard t!e needs o" ot!er t!reatened s'ecies. Clearl,9 it!o%t t!at s,&'at!, and t!e 'olitical http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<1

ill it en#enders9 t!e needs o" &ore obsc%re s'ecies ill #o %n&et. T!e conservation needs o" &an, obsc%re s'ecies can onl, be &et b, be#innin# it! t!e conservation o" t!is s,&bolic s'ecies9 t!e bald ea#le. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e as a !ole.A/ 1eca%se bald ea#les s,&boli)e "reedo&9 conservation e""orts s!o%ld be concentrated on t!e& rat!er t!an on ot!er9 &ore obsc%re s'ecies. .1/ T!e conservation o" bald ea#les is t!e "irst necessar, ste' in conservin# ot!er endan#ered s'ecies. .C/ 6it!o%t increased '%blic s,&'at!, "or conservation9 t!e needs o" &an, s,&bolic s'ecies ill #o %n&et. .3/ Feo'les love o" t!e ilderness can be %sed to en#ender 'olitical s%''ort "or conservation e""orts. .E/ 7t!er t!reatened s'ecies do not ins'ire 'eo'le or "oster s,&'at!, as &%c! as do bald ea#les. A. T!ere is no reason !, t!e ork o" scientists !as to be o""iciall, con"ir&ed be"ore bein# '%blis!ed. T!ere is a s,ste& in 'lace "or t!e con"ir&ation or discon"ir&ation o" scienti"ic "indin#9 na&el,9 t!e re'lication o" res%lts b, ot!er scientists. Foor scienti"ic ork on t!e 'art o" an, one scientist9 !ic! can incl%de an,t!in# "ro& careless re'ortin# 'ractices to "ra%d9 is not !ar&"%l. It ill be e('osed and rendered !ar&less !en ot!er scientists cond%ct t!e e('eri&ents and obtain discon"ir&ator, res%lts. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Scienti"ic e('eri&ents can #o %nc!allen#ed "or &an, ,ears be"ore t!e, are re'licated. .1/ Most scientists ork in %niversities9 !ere t!eir ork is s%b&itted to 'eer revie be"ore '%blication. .C/ Most scientists are %nder 'ress%re to &ake t!eir ork accessible to t!e scr%tin, o" re'lication. .3/ In scienti"ic e('eri&ents9 careless re'ortin# is &ore co&&on t!an "ra%d. .E/ Most scientists ork as 'art o" a tea& rat!er t!an alone. B. Alice: N%otas on a%to&obile i&'orts to t!e =nited States s!o%ld be eli&inated. T!en do&estic 'rod%cers o%ld !ave to co&'ete directl, it! Ja'anese &an%"act%rers and o%ld be "orced to 'rod%ce !i#!er80%alit, cars. S%c! co&'etition o%ld be #ood "or cons%&ers. 3avid: *o% "ail to reali)e9 Alice9 t!at 0%otas on a%to&obile i&'orts are 'ervasive orld ide. Since Ger&an9 1ritain9 and $rance !ave 0%otas9 so s!o%ld t!e =nited States. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, c!aracteri)es 3avids res'onse to Alices state&ent.A/ 3avid "alsel, acc%ses Alice o" contradictin# !ersel". http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<5

.1/ 3avid %n"airl, directs !is ar#%&ent a#ainst Alice 'ersonall,. .C/ 3avid %ncovers a !idden ass%&'tion %nderl,in# Alices 'osition. .3/ 3avid takes a 'osition t!at is si&ilar to t!e one Alice !as taken. .E/ 3avid "ails to address t!e reasons Alice cites in "avor o" !er concl%sion. H. Govern&ents !ave onl, one res'onse to '%blic criticis& o" sociall, necessar, services: re#%lation o" t!e activit, o" 'rovidin# t!ose services. 1%t #overn&ents inevitabl, &ake t!e activit, &ore e('ensive b, re#%latin# it9 and t!at is 'artic%larl, tro%bleso&e in t!ese ti&es o" strained "inancial reso%rces. :o ever9 since '%blic criticis& o" c!ild8care services !as %nder&ined all con"idence in s%c! services9 and since s%c! services are sociall, necessar,9 t!e #overn&ent is certain to res'ond. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e 0%alit, o" c!ild care ill i&'rove. .1/ T!e cost o" 'rovidin# c!ild8care services ill increase. .C/ T!e #overn&ent ill %se "%ndin# to "oster advances in c!ild care. .3/ I" '%blic criticis& o" 'olic, is stron#l, voiced9 t!e #overn&ent is certain to res'ond. .E/ I" c!ild8care services are not re#%lated9 t!e cost o" 'rovidin# c!ild care ill not increase. 1I. Advertisers are o"ten critici)ed "or t!eir %nscr%'%lo%s &ani'%lation o" 'eo'les tastes and ants. T!ere is evidence9 !o ever9 t!at so&e advertisers are &otivated b, &oral as ell as "inancial considerations. A 'artic%lar '%blication decided to c!an#e its i&a#e "ro& bein# a "a&il, ne s'a'er to concentratin# on se( and violence9 t!%s a''ealin# to a di""erent readers!i'. So&e advertisers it!dre t!eir advertise&ents "ro& t!e '%blication9 and t!is &%st !ave been beca%se t!e, &orall, disa''roved o" '%blis!in# salacio%s &aterial. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e advertisers s itc!ed t!eir advertise&ents to ot!er "a&il, ne s'a'ers. .1/ So&e advertisers s itc!ed "ro& "a&il, ne s'a'ers to advertise in t!e c!an#ed '%blication. .C/ T!e advertisers e('ected t!eir 'rod%ct sales to increase i" t!e, sta,ed it! t!e c!an#ed '%blication9 b%t to decrease i" t!e, it!dre . .3/ Feo'le !o #enerall, read "a&il, ne s'a'ers are not likel, to b%, ne s'a'ers t!at concentrate on se( and violence. .E/ It as e('ected t!at t!e c!an#ed '%blication o%ld a''eal 'rinci'all, to t!ose in a di""erent inco&e #ro%'. 11. >I" t!e "orest contin%es to disa''ear at its 'resent 'ace9 t!e koala ill a''roac! e(tinction9? said t!e biolo#ist. >So all t!at is needed to save t!e koala is to sto' de"orestation9? said t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<<

'olitician. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents is consistent it! t!e biolo#ists clai& b%t not it! t!e 'oliticians clai&.A/ 3e"orestation contin%es and t!e koala beco&es e(tinct. .1/ 3e"orestation is sto''ed and t!e koala beco&es e(tinct. .C/ Re"orestation be#ins and t!e koala s%rvives. .3/ 3e"orestation is slo ed and t!e koala s%rvives. .E/ 3e"orestation is slo ed and t!e koala a''roac!es e(tinction. 15. Feo'le !ave lon# been "ascinated b, t!e 'aranor&al. 7ver t!e ,ears9 n%&ero%s researc!ers !ave investi#ated tele'at!, onl, to "ind t!at concl%sive evidence "or its e(istence !as 'ersistentl, evaded t!e&. 3es'ite t!is9 t!ere are still t!ose !o believe t!at t!ere &%st be >so&et!in# in it? since so&e researc! see&s to s%''ort t!e vie t!at tele'at!, e(ist. :o ever9 it can o"ten be s!o n t!at ot!er e('lanations t!at do co&'l, it! kno n la s can be #iven. T!ere"ore9 it is 're&at%re to concl%de t!at tele'at!, is an alternative &eans o" co&&%nication. In t!e 'assa#e9 t!e a%t!or .A/ s%''orts t!e concl%sion b, 'ointin# to t!e inade0%ac, o" evidence "or t!e o''osite vie .1/ s%''orts t!e concl%sion b, describin# 'artic%lar e('eri&ents .C/ s%''orts t!e concl%sion b, over#enerali)in# "ro& a s'eci"ic 'iece o" evidence .3/ dra s a concl%sion t!at is not s%''orted b, t!e 're&ises .E/ re'!rases t!e concl%sion it!o%t o""erin# an, s%''ort "or it 1<. I" retail stores e('erience a decrease in reven%es d%rin# t!is !olida, season9 t!en eit!er attit%des to ard e(trava#ant #i"t8#ivin# !ave c!an#ed or 'rices !ave risen be,ond t!e level &ost 'eo'le can a""ord. I" attit%des !ave c!an#ed9 t!en e all !ave so&et!in# to celebrate t!is season. I" 'rices !ave risen be,ond t!e level &ost 'eo'le can a""ord9 t!en it &%st be t!at salaries !ave not ke't 'ace it! risin# 'rices d%rin# t!e 'ast ,ear. Ass%&e t!e 're&ises above to be tr%e. I" salaries !ave ke't 'ace it! risin# 'rices d%rin# t!e 'ast ,ear9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ Attit%des to ard e(trava#ant #i"t8#ivin# !ave c!an#ed. .1/ Retail stores ill not e('erience a decrease in retail sales d%rin# t!is !olida, season. .C/ Frices in retail stores !ave not risen be,ond t!e level t!at &ost 'eo'le can a""ord d%rin# t!is !olida, season. .3/ Attit%des to ard e(trava#ant #i"t8#ivin# !ave not c!an#ed9 and stores ill not e('erience a decrease in reven%es d%rin# t!is !olida, season. .E/ Eit!er attit%des to ard e(trava#ant #i"t8#ivin# !ave c!an#ed or 'rices !ave http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<C

risen be,ond t!e level t!at &ost 'eo'le can a""ord d%rin# t!is !olida, season. 1C. T!e >s%icide ave? t!at "ollo ed t!e =nited States stock &arket cras! o" 7ctober 1H5H is &ore le#end t!an "act. Care"%l e(a&ination o" t!e &ont!l, "i#%res on t!e ca%ses o" deat! in 1H5H s!o s t!at t!e n%&ber o" s%icides in 7ctober and in 2ove&ber as co&'arativel, lo . In onl, t!ree ot!er &ont!s ere t!e &ont!l, "i#%res lo er. 3%rin# t!e s%&&er &ont!s9 !en t!e stock &arket as "lo%ris!in#9 t!e n%&ber o" s%icides as s%bstantiall, !i#!er. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best c!allen#e t!e concl%sion o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e s%icide rate is in"l%enced b, &an, 's,c!olo#ical9 inter'ersonal9 and societal "actors d%rin# an, #iven !istorical 'eriod. .1/ 7ctober and 2ove&ber !ave al&ost al a,s !ad relativel, !i#! s%icide rates9 even d%rin# t!e 1H5Is and 1H<Is. .C/ T!e s%icide rate in 7ctober and 2ove&ber o" 1H5H as considerabl, !i#!er t!an t!e avera#e "or t!ose &ont!s d%rin# several 'recedin# and "ollo in# ,ears. .3/ 3%rin# t!e ,ears s%rro%ndin# t!e stock &arket cras!9 s%icide rates ere t,'icall, lo er at t!e be#innin# o" an, calendar ,ear t!an to ard t!e end o" t!at ,ear. .E/ 1eca%se o" seasonal di""erences9 t!e n%&ber o" s%icides in 7ctober and 2ove&ber o" 1H5H o%ld not be e('ected to be t!e sa&e as t!ose "or ot!er &ont!s. 1@. A ell8kno n s'orts "i#%re "o%nd t!at co&binin# '%blicit, to%rs it! 'la,in# to%rs led to 'roble&s9 so s!e sto''ed co&binin# t!e t o. S!e no lon#er allo s bookstore a''earances and 'la,in# in co&'etition to occ%r in t!e sa&e cit, it!in t!e sa&e tri'. T!is eek s!e is travelin# to London to 'la, in a &a+or co&'etition9 so d%rin# !er sta, in London s!e ill not be &akin# an, '%blicit, a''earances at an, bookstore in London. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e reasonin# %sed in t!e 'assa#e.A/ 6!erever t!ere is an Ac&e 1%#killer9 &an, as's are killed. T!e Q "a&il, #arden !as an Ac&e 1%#killer9 so an, as's re&ainin# in t!e #arden ill soon be killed. .1/ T!e onl, ti&es t!at t!e !os'itals e&er#enc, roo& sta"" attends to relativel, less serio%s e&er#encies are ti&es !en t!ere is no critical e&er#enc, to attend to. 7n Monda, ni#!t t!e e&er#enc, roo& sta"" attended to a series o" "airl, &inor e&er#encies9 so t!ere &%st not !ave been an, critical e&er#encies to take care o" at t!e ti&e. .C/ To&ato 'lants re0%ire !ot s%&&ers to t!rive. $ar&s in t!e cool s%&&ers o" co%ntr, * 'robabl, do not !ave t!rivin# to&ato 'lants. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<@

.3/ :i#!er #rades lead to better +ob o''ort%nities9 and st%d,in# leads to !i#!er #rades. T!ere"ore9 st%d,in# ill lead to better +ob o''ort%nities. .E/ 1%tter knives are not s!ar'. N as not &%rdered it! a s!ar' blade9 so s%s'ect Es b%tter kni"e &a, !ave been t!e &%rder ea'on. Questions 1&-1' T!e advanced tec!nolo#, o" ski boots and bindin#s !as bro%#!t a dra&atic dro' in t!e incidence o" in+%ries t!at occ%r on t!e slo'es o" ski resorts: "ro& H in+%ries 'er 19III skiers in 1H@I to < in 1HBI. As a res%lt9 t!e re&ainder o" ski8related in+%ries9 !ic! incl%des all in+%ries occ%rrin# on t!e 're&ises o" a ski resort b%t not on t!e slo'es9 rose "ro& 1I 'ercent o" all ski8related in+%ries in 1H@I to 5@ 'ercent in 1HBI. T!e incidence o" t!ese in+%ries9 incl%din# accidents s%c! as "allin# do n ste's9 increases it! t!e a&o%nt o" alco!ol cons%&ed 'er skier. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ As t!e n%&ber o" ski in+%ries t!at occ%r on t!e slo'es decreases9 t!e n%&ber o" in+%ries t!at occ%r on t!e 're&ises o" ski resorts increases. .1/ T!e a&o%nt o" alco!ol cons%&ed 'er skier increased bet een 1H@I and 1HBI. .C/ T!e tec!nolo#, o" ski boots and bindin#s a""ects t!e incidence o" eac! t,'e o" ski8related in+%r,. .3/ I" t!e tec!nolo#, o" ski boots and bindin#s contin%es to advance9 t!e incidence o" ski8related in+%ries ill contin%e to decline. .E/ In+%ries t!at occ%rred on t!e slo'es o" ski resorts &ade %' a s&aller 'ercenta#e o" ski8related in+%ries in 1HBI t!an in 1H@I. 1A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# con"licts it! in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e n%&ber o" ski in+%ries t!at occ%rred on t!e slo'es as #reater in 1HBI t!an in 1H@I. .1/ A skier as less likel, to be in+%red on t!e slo'es in 1H@I t!an in 1HBI. .C/ T!e re'ortin# o" ski in+%ries beca&e &ore acc%rate bet een 1H@I and 1HBI. .3/ T!e total n%&ber o" skiers dro''ed bet een 1H@I and 1HBI. .E/ So&e ski8related in+%ries occ%rred in 1HBI to 'eo'le !o ere not skiin#. 1B. Learnin# !o to b%ild a nest 'la,s an i&'ortant 'art in t!e breedin# s%ccess o" birds. $or e(a&'le9 3r. Sno !as recorded t!e s%ccess o" a n%&ber o" blackbirds in several s%ccessive ,ears. :e "inds t!at birds nestin# "or t!e "irst ti&e are less s%ccess"%l in breedin# t!an are older birds9 and also less s%ccess"%l t!an t!e, t!e&selves are a ,ear later. T!is cannot be a &ere &atter o" si)e and stren#t!9 since blackbirds9 like t!e #reat &a+orit, o" birds9 are "%ll, #ro n !en t!e, leave t!e nest. It is di""ic%lt to avoid t!e concl%sion t!at t!e, bene"it b, t!eir nestin# e('erience. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&enthttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<G

.A/ 1lackbirds b%ild better nests t!an ot!er birds. .1/ T!e ca'acit, o" blackbirds to la, viable e##s increases it! eac! s%ccessive trial d%rin# t!e "irst "e ,ears o" re'rod%ction. .C/ T!e breedin# s%ccess o" birds nestin# "or t!e second ti&e is #reater t!an t!at o" birds nestin# "or t!e "irst ti&e. .3/ S&aller and eaker blackbirds breed +%st as s%ccess"%ll, as bi##er and stron#er blackbirds. .E/ =' to 5@ 'ercent o" all birds are killed b, 'redators be"ore t!e, start to nest. 1H. :o do t!e airlines e('ect to 'revent co&&ercial 'lane cras!es- St%dies !ave s!o n t!at 'ilot error contrib%tes to t o8t!irds o" all s%c! cras!es. To address t!is 'roble&9 t!e airlines !ave %'#raded t!eir trainin# 'ro#ra&s b, increasin# t!e !o%rs o" classroo& instr%ction and e&'!asi)in# co&&%nication skills in t!e cock'it. 1%t it is %nrealistic to e('ect s%c! &eas%res to co&'ensate "or 'ilots lack o" act%al "l,in# ti&e. T!ere"ore9 t!e airlines s!o%ld ret!ink t!eir trainin# a''roac! to red%cin# co&&ercial cras!es. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion %'on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Trainin# 'ro#ra&s can eli&inate 'ilot errors. .1/ Co&&ercial 'ilots ro%tinel, %nder#o additional trainin# t!ro%#!o%t t!eir careers. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" airline cras!es ill decrease i" 'ilot trainin# 'ro#ra&s "oc%s on increasin# act%al "l,in# ti&e. .3/ Lack o" act%al "l,in# ti&e is an i&'ortant contrib%tor to 'ilot error in co&&ercial 'lane cras!es. .E/ Co&&%nication skills are not i&'ortant to 'ilot trainin# 'ro#ra&s. 5I. All savin#s acco%nts are interest8bearin# acco%nts. T!e interest "ro& so&e interest8bearin# acco%nts is ta(8"ree9 so t!ere &%st be so&e savin#s acco%nts t!at !ave ta(8"ree interest. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is "la ed in a a, &ost si&ilar to t!e a, in !ic! t!e 'assa#e is "la ed.A/ All artists are intellect%als. So&e #reat '!oto#ra'!ers are artists. T!ere"ore9 so&e #reat '!oto#ra'!ers &%st be intellect%als. .1/ All #reat '!oto#ra'!ers are artists. All artists are intellect%als. T!ere"ore9 so&e #reat '!oto#ra'!ers &%st be intellect%als. .C/ All #reat '!oto#ra'!ers are artists. So&e artists are intellect%als. T!ere"ore9 so&e #reat '!oto#ra'!ers are intellect%als. .3/ All #reat '!oto#ra'!ers are artists. So&e #reat '!oto#ra'!ers are intellect%als. T!ere"ore9 so&e artists &%st be intellect%als. .E/ All #reat '!oto#ra'!ers are artists. 2o artists are intellect%als. T!ere"ore9 so&e #reat '!oto#ra'!ers &%st not be intellect%als. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<A

51. 7ne &et!od o" datin# t!e e&er#ence o" s'ecies is to co&'are t!e #enetic &aterial o" related s'ecies. Scientists t!eori)e t!at t!e &ore #eneticall, si&ilar t o s'ecies are to eac! ot!er9 t!e &ore recentl, t!e, diver#ed "ro& a co&&on ancestor. A"ter co&'arin# #enetic &aterial "ro& #iant 'andas9 red 'andas9 raccoons9 coatis9 and all seven bear s'ecies9 scientists concl%ded t!at bears and raccoons diver#ed <I to @I &illion ,ears a#o. T!e, "%rt!er concl%ded t!at red 'andas se'arated "ro& t!e ancestor o" toda,s raccoons and coatis a "e &illion ,ears later9 so&e 1I &illion ,ears be"ore #iant 'andas diver#ed "ro& t!e ot!er bears. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ Giant 'andas and red 'andas are &ore closel, related t!an scientists ori#inall, t!o%#!t t!e, ere. .1/ Scientists no co%nt t!e #iant 'anda as t!e ei#!t! s'ecies o" bear. .C/ It is 'ossible to deter&ine9 it!in a &ar#in o" +%st a "e ,ears9 t!e ti&in# o" diver#ence o" vario%s s'ecies. .3/ Scientists !ave "o%nd t!at #iant 'andas are &ore si&ilar #eneticall, to bears t!an to raccoons. .E/ T!ere is s%bstantial consens%s a&on# scientists t!at #iant 'andas and red 'andas are e0%all, related to raccoons. Questions !!-!3 3es'ite i&'rove&ents in treat&ent "or ast!&a9 t!e deat! rate "or& t!is disease !as do%bled d%rin# t!e 'ast decade "ro& its 'revio%s rate. T o 'ossible e('lanations "or t!is increase !ave been o""ered. $irst9 t!e recordin# o" deat!s d%e to ast!&a !as beco&e &ore ides'read and acc%rate in t!e 'ast decade t!an it !ad been 'revio%sl,. Second9 t!ere !as been an increase in %rban 'oll%tion. :o ever9 since t!e rate o" deat!s d%e to ast!&a !as increased dra&aticall, even in cities it! lon#8standin#9 co&'re!ensive &edical records and it! little or no %rban 'oll%tion9 one &%st instead concl%de t!at t!e ca%se o" increased deat!s is t!e %se o" bronc!ial in!alers b, ast!&a s%""erers to relieve t!eir s,&'to&s. 55. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides s%''ort to t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ =rban 'o'%lations !ave do%bled in t!e 'ast decade. .1/ Records o" ast!&a deat!s are as acc%rate "or t!e 'ast t ent, ,ears as "or t!e 'ast ten ,ears. .C/ Evidence s%##ests t!at bronc!ial in!alers &ake t!e l%n#s &ore sensitive to irritation b, airborne 'ollen. .3/ 1, te&'oraril, relievin# t!e s,&'to&s o" ast!&a9 in!alers enco%ra#e s%""erers to avoid &ore bene"icial &eas%res. .E/ Ten ,ears a#o bronc!ial in!alers ere not available as an ast!&a treat&ent. 5<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ =rban 'oll%tion !as not do%bled in t!e 'ast decade. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<B

.1/ 3octors and 'atients #enerall, i#nore t!e role o" aller#ies in ast!&a. .C/ 1ronc!ial in!alers are %nsa"e9 even !en %sed accordin# to t!e reco&&ended instr%ctions. .3/ T!e %se o" bronc!ial in!alers a##ravates ot!er diseases t!at "re0%entl, occ%r a&on# ast!&a s%""erers and t!at o"ten lead to "atal o%tco&es even !en t!e ast!&a itsel" does not. .E/ Increased %rban 'oll%tion9 i&'roved recordin# o" ast!&a deat!s9 and t!e %se o" bronc!ial in!alers are t!e onl, 'ossible e('lanations o" t!e increased deat! rate d%e to ast!&a. 5C. T!ere is little 'oint in lookin# to artists "or insi#!ts into 'olitical iss%es. Most o" t!e& !old 'olitical vie s t!at are less insi#!t"%l t!an t!ose o" an, reasonabl, ell8ed%cated 'erson !o is not an artist. Indeed9 !en taken as a !ole9 t!e state&ents &ade b, artists9 incl%din# t!ose considered to be #reat9 indicate t!at artistic talent and 'olitical insi#!t are rarel, "o%nd to#et!er. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!ere are no artists !o !ave insi#!ts into 'olitical iss%es. .1/ A t!oro%#! ed%cation in art &akes a 'erson reasonabl, ell ed%cated. .C/ Ever, reasonabl, ell8ed%cated 'erson !o s not an artist !as &ore insi#!t into 'olitical iss%es t!an an, artist. .3/ Foliticians rarel, !ave an, artistic talent. .E/ So&e artists are no less 'oliticall, insi#!t"%l t!an so&e reasonabl, ell8 ed%cated 'ersons !o are not artists. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

A &a+or art t!e"t "ro& a &%se%& as re&arkable in t!at t!e 'ieces stolen clearl, !ad been care"%ll, selected. T!e criterion "or selection9 !o ever9 clearl, !ad not been #reatest esti&ated &arket val%e. It "ollo s t!at t!e t!e"t as s'eci"icall, carried o%t to s%it t!e taste o" so&e individ%al collector "or !ose 'rivate collection t!e 'ieces ere destined. T!e ar#%&ent tacitl, a''eals to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ An, art t!e"t can9 on t!e evidence o" t!e selection o" 'ieces stolen9 be cate#ori)ed as co&&itted eit!er at t!e direction o" a sin#le kno n individ%al or at t!e direction o" a #ro%' o" kno n individ%als. .1/ An, art t!e"t co&&itted at t!e direction o" a sin#le individ%al res%lts in a 'attern o" orks taken and orks le"t alone t!at de"ies rational anal,sis. .C/ T!e 'attern o" orks taken and orks le"t alone can so&eti&es distin#%is! one t,'e o" art t!e"t "ro& anot!er.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5<H

.3/ Art t!e"ts co&&itted it! no 'ree(istin# 'lan "or t!e dis'osition o" t!e stolen orks do not al a,s involve t!e"t o" t!e &ost val%able 'ieces onl,. .E/ T!e 'attern o" orks taken and orks le"t alone in an art t!e"t can be 'artic%larl, da&a#in# to t!e inte#rit, o" t!e re&ainin# collection. 5. T!e teet! o" so&e &a&&als s!o >#ro t! rin#s? t!at res%lt "ro& t!e constant de'ositin# o" la,ers o" ce&ent%& as o'a0%e bands in s%&&er and transl%cent bands in inter. Cross sections o" 'i#s teet! "o%nd in an e(cavated Stone A#e tras! 'it revealed bands o" re&arkabl, constant idt! e(ce't t!at t!e band de'osited last9 !ic! as invariabl, transl%cent9 as onl, abo%t !al" t!e nor&al idt!. T!e state&ents above &ost stron#l, s%''ort t!e concl%sion t!at t!e ani&als died .A/ in an %n%s%all, earl, inter .1/ at ro%#!l, t!e sa&e a#e .C/ ro%#!l, in &id inter .3/ in a nat%ral catastro'!e .E/ "ro& starvation <. T!e =nited States !as never been a #reat international trader. It "o%nd &ost o" its ra &aterials and c%sto&ers "or "inis!ed 'rod%cts it!in its o n borders. T!e terrible conse0%ences o" t!is sit%ation !ave beco&e a''arent9 as t!is co%ntr, no o es t!e lar#est "orei#n debt in t!e orld and is a 'la,#ro%nd "or ealt!, "orei#n investors. T!e &oral is clear: a co%ntr, can no &ore live it!o%t "orei#n trade t!an a do# can live b, eatin# its o n tail. In order to advance !er 'oint o" vie 9 t!e a%t!or does eac! o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ dra on an analo#, .1/ a''eal to !istorical "act .C/ identi", a ca%se and an e""ect .3/ s%##est a ca%se o" t!e c%rrent econo&ic sit%ation .E/ 0%estion t!e et!ical basis o" an econo&ic sit%ation C. Giselle: T!e #overn&ent needs to ens%re t!at t!e '%blic cons%&es less 'etrole%&. 6!en t!in#s cost &ore9 'eo'le b%, and %se less o" t!e&. T!ere"ore9 t!e #overn&ent s!o%ld raise t!e sales ta( on #asoline9 a &a+or 'etrole%& 'rod%ct. Antoine: T!e #overn&ent s!o%ld not raise t!e sales ta( on #asoline. S%c! an increase o%ld be %n"air to #asoline %sers. I" ta(es are to be increased9 t!e increases s!o%ld be a''lied in s%c! a a, t!at t!e, s'read t!e b%rden o" 'rovidin# t!e #overn&ent it! increased reven%es a&on# &an, 'eo'le9 not +%st t!e %sers o" #asoline. As a reb%ttal o" Giselles ar#%&ent9 Antoines res'onse is ine""ective beca%se .A/ !e i#nores t!e "act t!at Giselle does not base !er ar#%&ent "or raisin# t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5CI

#asoline sales ta( on t!e #overn&ents need "or increase reven%es .1/ !e "ails to s'eci", !o &an, ta('a,ers t!ere are !o are not #asoline %sers .C/ !is concl%sion is based on an assertion re#ardin# %n"airness9 and %n"airness is a ver, s%b+ective conce't .3/ !e &istakenl, ass%&es t!at Giselle ants a sales ta( increase onl, on #asoline .E/ !e &akes t!e i&'la%sible ass%&'tion t!at t!e b%rden o" increasin# #overn&ent reven%es can be &ore evenl, distrib%ted a&on# t!e 'eo'le t!ro%#! ot!er &eans besides increasin# t!e #asoline sales ta( @. A #overn&ent a#enc, '%blis!es ratin#s o" airlines9 rankin# !i#!est t!e airlines t!at !ave t!e s&allest 'ro'ortion o" late "li#!ts. T!e a#enc,s '%r'ose is to establis! an ob+ective &eas%re o" t!e relative e""icienc, o" di""erent airlines 'ersonnel in &eetin# '%blis!ed "li#!t sc!ed%les. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld tend to invalidate %se o" t!e ratin#s "or t!e a#enc,s '%r'ose.A/ Travelers so&eti&es !ave no c!oice o" airlines "or a #iven tri' at a #iven ti&e. .1/ $li#!ts are o"ten &ade late b, bad eat!er conditions t!at a""ect so&e airlines &ore t!at ot!ers. .C/ T!e "li#!t sc!ed%les o" all airlines allo e(tra ti&e "or "li#!ts t!at #o into or o%t o" ver, b%s, air'orts. .3/ Airline 'ersonnel are a are t!at t!e #overn&ent a#enc, is &onitorin# all airline "li#!ts "or lateness. .E/ $li#!ts are de"ined as >late? onl, i" t!e, arrive &ore t!at "i"teen &in%tes 'ast t!eir sc!ed%led arrival ti&e9 and a record is &ade o" !o &%c! later t!an "i"teen &in%tes t!e, are. G. Alt!o%#! t!is bottle is labeled >vine#ar9? no "i))in# occ%rred !en so&e o" t!e li0%id in it as added to 'o der "ro& t!is bo( labeled >bakin# soda.? 1%t !en an acidic li0%id s%c! as vine#ar is added to bakin# soda t!e res%ltin# &i(t%re "i))es9 so t!is bottle clearl, !as been &islabeled. A "la in t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is t!at t!is ar#%&ent .A/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e bottle contained an acidic li0%id ot!er t!an vine#ar .1/ "ails to e(cl%de an alternative e('lanation "or t!e observed e""ect .C/ de'ends on t!e %se o" t!e i&'recise ter& >"i))? .3/ does not take into acco%nt t!e "act t!at scienti"ic 'rinci'les can be de"initivel, tested onl, %nder controlled laborator, conditions .E/ ass%&es t!at t!e "act o" a labelin# error is 'roo" o" an intention to deceive A. Marine biolo#ists !ave lon# t!o%#!t t!at variation in t!e s!ell color o" a0%atic http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5C1

snails evolved as a 'rotective ca&o%"la#e a#ainst birds and ot!er 'redators. 1ro n s!ells see& to be &ore "re0%ent !en t!e %nderl,in# sea"loor is dark8 colored and !ite s!ells &ore "re0%ent !en t!e %nderl,in# sea"loor is li#!t8 colored. A ne t!eor, !as been advanced9 !o ever9 t!at clai&s t!at s!ell color is related to '!,siolo#ical stress associated it! !eat absor'tion. Accordin# to t!is t!eor,9 bro n s!ells ill be &ore 'revalent in areas !ere t!e ave action o" t!e sea is #reat and t!%s !eat absor'tion "ro& t!e S%n is &ini&i)ed9 !ereas !ite s!ells ill be &ore n%&ero%s in cal&er aters !ere t!e snails ill absorb &ore !eat "ro& t!e S%ns ra,s. Evidence t!at o%ld stron#l, "avor t!e ne t!eor, over t!e traditional t!eor, o%ld be t!e discover, o" a lar#e &a+orit, o" .A/ dark8s!elled snails in a cal& inlet it! a dark9 rock, botto& and &an, 'redators .1/ dark8s!elled snails in a cal& inlet it! a !ite9 sand, botto& .C/ li#!t8s!elled snails in an inlet it! &%c! ave action and a dark9 rock, botto& .3/ li#!t8s!elled snails in a cal& inlet it! a dark9 rock, botto& and &an, 'redators .E/ li#!t8s!elled snails in a cal& inlet it! a !ite9 sand, botto& and &an, 'redators B. Meas%re&ents o" t!e e(tent o" a&ino8acid deco&'osition in "ra#&ents o" e##s!ell "o%nd at arc!aeolo#ical sites in s%c! 'laces as so%t!ern A"rica can be %sed to obtain acc%rate dates "or sites %' to 5II9III ,ears old. 1eca%se t!e deco&'osition is slo er in cool cli&ates9 t!e tec!ni0%e can be %sed to obtain acc%rate dates "or sites al&ost a &illion ,ears old in cooler re#ions. T!e in"or&ation above 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ T!e oldest arc!aeolo#ical sites are not in so%t!ern A"rica9 b%t rat!er in cooler re#ions o" t!e orld. .1/ T!e a&ino8acid deco&'osition t!at enables e##s!ells to be %sed in datin# does not take 'lace in ot!er or#anic &atter "o%nd at ancient arc!aeolo#ical sites. .C/ I" t!e site bein# dated !ad been s%b+ect to lar#e %ns%s'ected cli&atic "l%ct%ations d%rin# t!e ti&e t!e e##s!ell !as been at t!e site9 a''lication o" t!e tec!ni0%e is less likel, to ,ield acc%rate res%lts. .3/ A"ter 5II9III ,ears in a cool cli&ate9 less t!an one8"i"t! o" t!e a&ino acids in a "ra#&ent o" e##s!ell t!at o%ld 'rovide &aterial "or datin# it! t!e tec!ni0%e ill !ave deco&'osed and ill t!%s no lon#er be s%itable "or e(a&ination b, t!e tec!ni0%e. .E/ $ra#&ents o" e##s!ell are &ore likel, to be "o%nd at ancient arc!aeolo#ical sites in ar& re#ions o" t!e orld t!an at s%c! sites in cooler re#ions. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5C5

H.

Advertise&ent: Clark brand8na&e 'arts are &ade "or cars &an%"act%red in t!is co%ntr,. T!e, satis", all o" o%r #overn&ent a%to&otive testKt!e to%#!est s%c! tests in t!e orld. 6it! "orei#n8&ade 'arts9 ,o% never kno !ic! &i#!t be reliable and !ic! are c!ea' look8alikes t!at are 'oorl, constr%cted and liable to cost ,o% !%ndreds o" dollars in re'airs. T!ere"ore9 be s&art and insist on brand8 na&e 'arts b, Clark "or ,o%r car. T!e ar#%&ent re0%ires t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ Clark 'arts are available onl, in t!is co%ntr, .1/ "orei#n8&ade 'arts are not s%itable "or cars &an%"act%red in t!is co%ntr, .C/ no "orei#n8&ade 'arts satis", o%r #overn&ent standards .3/ 'arts t!at satis", o%r #overn&ent standards are not as 'oorl, constr%cted as c!ea' "orei#n8&ade 'arts .E/ i" 'arts are &ade "or cars &an%"act%red in o%r co%ntr,9 t!e, are not 'oorl, constr%cted

1I. Even i" a cri&e t!at !as been co&&itted b, co&'%ter is discovered and re'orted9 t!e odds o" bein# bot! arrested and convicted #reatl, "avor t!e cri&inal. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 s%''orts t!e clai& above EECEFT: .A/ T!e 're'aration o" co&'%ter8"ra%d cases takes &%c! &ore ti&e t!an is re0%ired "or avera#e "ra%d cases9 and t!e 'rod%ctivit, o" 'rosec%tors is eval%ated b, t!e n%&ber o" #ood cases &ade. .1/ In &ost 'olice de'art&ents9 o""icers are rotated t!ro%#! di""erent assi#n&ents ever, t o or t!ree ,ears9 a s!orter ti&e t!an it takes to beco&e 'ro"icient as a co&'%ter8cri&e investi#ator. .C/ T!e 'riorities o" local 'olice de'art&ents9 %nder !ose +%risdiction &ost co&'%ter cri&e "alls9 are ei#!ted to ard visible street cri&e t!at co&&%nities 'erceive as t!reatenin#. .3/ Co&'%ter cri&inals !ave rarel, been sentenced to serve ti&e in 'rison9 beca%se 'risons are overcro ded it! violent cri&inals and dr%# o""enders. .E/ T!e &an, 'olice o""icers !o are %ntrained in co&'%ters o"ten inadvertentl, destro, t!e '!,sical evidence o" co&'%ter cri&e. 11. Ever, eek9 t!e 'ro#ra&&in# o""ice at an $M radio station revie ed %nsolicited letters "ro& listeners !o ere e('ressin# co&&ents on t!e stations 'ro#ra&s. 7ne eek9 t!e station received @I letters it! "avorable co&&ents abo%t t!e stations ne s re'ortin# and &%sic selection and 1I letters it! %n"avorable co&&ents on t!e stations ne &ovie revie se#&ent o" t!e evenin# 'ro#ra&. $aced it! t!is in"or&ation9 t!e 'ro#ra&&in# director ass%&ed t!at i" so&e listeners did not like t!e &ovie revie se#&ent9 t!en t!ere &%st be ot!er listeners !o did like it. T!ere"ore9 !e decided to contin%e t!e &ovie revie se#&ent o" t!e evenin# 'ro#ra&. 6!ic! on e o" t!e "ollo in# identi"ies a 'roble& it! t!e 'ro#ra&&in# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5C<

directors decision 'rocess.A/ :e "ailed to reco#ni)e t!at 'eo'le are &ore likel, to rite letters o" criticis& t!an o" 'raise. .1/ :e co%ld not 'ro'erl, in"er "ro& t!e "act t!at so&e listeners did not like t!e &ovie revie se#&ent t!at so&e ot!ers did. .C/ :e "ailed to take into consideration t!e discre'anc, in n%&bers bet een "avorable and %n"avorable letters received. .3/ :e "ailed to take into acco%nt t!e relation e(istin# bet een t!e &ovie revie se#&ent and t!e ne s. .E/ :e did not ait %ntil !e received at least @I letters it! %n"avorable co&&ents abo%t t!e &ovie revie se#&ent be"ore &akin# !is decision. 15. >T!o%#! t!e, soon ill9 'atients s!o%ld not !ave a le#al ri#!t to see t!eir &edical records. As a doctor9 I see t o reasons "or t!is. $irst9 #ivin# t!e& access ill be ti&e8 astin# beca%se it ill si#ni"icantl, red%ce t!e a&o%nt o" ti&e t!at &edical sta"" can s'end on &ore i&'ortant d%ties9 b, "orcin# t!e& to retrieve and ret%rn "iles. Second9 i" &, e('erience is an,t!in# to #o b,9 no 'atients are #oin# to ask "or access to t!eir records an, a,.? 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 establis!es t!at t!e doctors second reason does not cancel o%t t!e "irst.A/ T!e ne la ill re0%ire t!at doctors9 !en seein# a 'atient in t!eir o""ice9 &%st be read, to 'rod%ce t!e 'atients records i&&ediatel,9 not +%st read, to retrieve t!e&. .1/ T!e task o" retrievin# and ret%rnin# "iles o%ld "all to t!e lo est8'aid &e&ber o" a doctors o""ice sta"". .C/ An, 'atients !o asked to see t!eir &edical records o%ld also insist on !avin# details t!e, did not %nderstand e('lained to t!e&. .3/ T!e ne la does not r%le o%t t!at doctors &a, c!ar#e 'atients "or e(tra e('enses inc%rred s'eci"icall, in order to co&'l, it! t!e ne la . .E/ So&e doctors !ave all allo in# t!eir 'atients access to t!eir &edical records9 b%t t!ose doctors 'atients took no advanta#e o" t!is 'olic,. 1<. Alia: :a t!orne ad&its t!at !e !as in"l%ence it! !i#! #overn&ent o""icials. :e "%rt!er ad&its t!at !e sold t!at in"l%ence to an environ&ental interest #ro%'. T!ere can be no +%sti"ication "or t!is kind o" %net!ical be!avior. Mart!a: I disa#ree t!at !e as %net!ical. T!e #ro%' t!at retained :a t!ornes services is dedicated to t!e ca%se o" 'reventin# ater 'oll%tion. So9 in %sin# !is in"l%ence to bene"it t!is #ro%'9 :a t!orne also bene"ited t!e '%blic. Alia and Mart!a disa#ree on !et!er .A/ t!e &eanin# o" et!ical be!avior !as c!an#ed over ti&e .1/ t!e conse0%ences o" :a t!ornes be!avior can et!icall, +%sti", t!at be!avior

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5CC

.C/ t!e standards "or +%d#in# et!ical be!avior can be i&'osed on :a t!orne b, anot!er .3/ t!e &eanin# o" et!ical be!avior is t!e sa&e in a '%blic sit%ation as in a 'rivate one .E/ t!e de"inition o" et!ical be!avior is rooted in '!iloso'!, or reli#ion 1C. T!e &a,or boasts t!at t!e avera#e a&b%lance t%rnaro%nd ti&e9 t!e ti&e "ro& s%&&ons to deliver, o" t!e 'atient9 !as been red%ced t!is ,ear "or to'8'riorit, e&er#encies. T!is is a serio%s &isre'resentation. T!is >red%ction? as 'rod%ced si&'l, b, rede"inin# >to' 'riorit,.? S%c! e&er#encies %sed to incl%de #%ns!ot o%nds and electroc%tions9 t!e &ost ti&e8cons%&in# cases. 2o t!e, are li&ited strictl, to !eart attacks and strokes. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld stren#t!en t!e a%t!ors concl%sion t!at it as t!e rede"inition o" >to' 'riorit,? t!at 'rod%ced t!e red%ction in t%rnaro%nd ti&e.A/ T!e n%&ber o" !eart attacks and strokes declined t!is ,ear. .1/ T!e &a,or rede"ined t!e cit,s "inancial 'riorities t!is ,ear. .C/ E('erts disa#ree it! t!e &a,ors de"inition o" >to'8'riorit, e&er#enc,.? .3/ 7t!er cities incl%de #%ns!ot o%nd cases in t!eir cate#or, o to'8'riorit, e&er#encies. .E/ 7ne !al" o" all o" last ,ears to'8'riorit, e&er#encies ere #%ns!ot o%nds and electroc%tion cases. 1@. In a lar#e residential b%ildin#9 t!ere is a r%le t!at no 'ets are allo ed. A #ro%' o" 'et lovers tried to c!an#e t!at r%le b%t "ailed. T!e r%le8c!an#in# 'roced%re o%tlined in t!e b%ildin#s re#%lations states t!at onl, i" a #ro%' o" tenants can obtain t!e si#nat%res o" 1I 'ercent o" t!e tenants on a 'etition to c!an#e a r%le ill t!e 'ro'osed c!an#e be '%t to a &a+orit, vote o" all t!e tenants in t!e b%ildin#. It "ollo s t!at t!e 'et lovers ere voted do n on t!eir 'ro'osal b, t!e &a+orit, o" t!e tenants. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ T!e 'et lovers s%cceeded in obtainin# t!e si#nat%res o" 1I 'ercent o" t!e tenants on t!eir 'etition. .1/ T!e si#nat%res o" less t!an 1I 'ercent o" t!e tenants ere obtained on t!e 'et lovers 'etition. .C/ 2inet, 'ercent o" t!e tenants are a#ainst c!an#in# t!e r%le "orbiddin# 'ets. .3/ T!e s%''ort o" 1I 'ercent o" t!e tenants "or a r%le c!an#e ens%res t!at t!e r%le c!an#e ill be ado'ted. .E/ T!e "ail%re o" t!e 'et lovers to obtain t!e si#nat%res o" 1I 'ercent o" t!e tenants on t!eir 'etition "or a r%le c!an#e ens%res t!at t!e r%le c!an#e ill be voted do n b, a &a+orit, o" t!e tenants. 1G. 2%clear "%sion is a 'rocess !ereb, t!e n%clei o" ato&s are +oined9 or >"%sed9? http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5C@

and in !ic! ener#, is released. 7ne o" t!e b,8'rod%cts o" "%sion is !eli%&8C #as. A recent "%sion e('eri&ent as cond%cted %sin# >!eav,? ater contained in a sealed "lask. T!e "lask as9 in t%rn9 contained in an air8"illed c!a&ber desi#ned to eli&inate e(traneo%s vibration. A"ter t!e e('eri&ent9 a &eas%rable a&o%nt o" !eli%&8C #as as "o%nd in t!e air o" t!e c!a&ber. T!e e('eri&enters cited t!is evidence in s%''ort o" t!eir concl%sion t!at "%sion !ad been ac!ieved. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast do%bt on t!e e('eri&enters concl%sion.A/ :eli%&8C as not t!e onl, #as "o%nd in t!e e('eri&ent c!a&ber. .1/ 6!en "%sion is ac!ieved9 it nor&all, 'rod%ces several b,8'rod%cts9 incl%din# triti%& and #a&&a ra,s. .C/ T!e a&o%nt o" !eli%&8C "o%nd in t!e c!a&bers air did not e(ceed t!e a&o%nt o" !eli%&8C t!at is "o%nd in ordinar, air. .3/ :eli%&8C #as ra'idl, breaks do n9 "or&in# ordinar, !eli%& #as a"ter a "e !o%rs. .E/ 2%clear "%sion reactions are c!aracteri)ed b, t!e release o" lar#e a&o%nts o" !eat. 1A. Ever, '!oto#ra'!9 beca%se it involves t!e li#!t ra,s t!at so&et!in# e&its !ittin# "il&9 &%st in so&e obvio%s sense be tr%e. 1%t beca%se it co%ld al a,s !ave been &ade to s!o t!in#s di""erentl, t!an it does9 it cannot e('ress t!e !ole tr%t! and9 in t!at sense9 is "alse. T!ere"ore9 not!in# can ever be de"initivel, 'roved it! a '!oto#ra'!. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at o%ld 'er&it t!e concl%sion above to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ 6!atever is "alse in t!e sense t!at it cannot e('ress t!e !ole tr%t! cannot "%rnis! de"initive 'roo". .1/ T!e !ole tr%t! cannot be kno n. .C/ It is not 'ossible to deter&ine t!e tr%t!"%lness o" a '!oto#ra'! in an, sense. .3/ It is 'ossible to %se a '!oto#ra'! as corroborative evidence i" t!ere is additional evidence establis!in# t!e tr%t! abo%t t!e scene '!oto#ra'!ed. .E/ I" so&et!in# is bein# '!oto#ra'!ed9 t!en it is 'ossible to 'rove de"initivel, t!e tr%t! abo%t it. Questions 18-19 So&e cleanin# "l%ids9 s,nt!etic car'ets9 all 'anelin#9 and ot!er 'rod%cts release to(ins9 s%c! as "or&alde!,de and ben)ene9 into t!e !o%se!old air s%''l,. T!is is not a 'roble& in ell8ventilated !o%ses9 b%t it is a 'roble& in !o%ses t!at are so ell ins%lated t!at t!e, tra' to(ins as ell as !eat. Recent tests9 !o ever9 de&onstrate t!at !o%se'lants re&ove so&e !o%se!old to(ins "ro& t!e air and t!ereb, eli&inate t!eir dan#er. In one test9 5I lar#e 'lants eli&inated "or&alde!,de "ro& a s&all9 ell8 ins%lated !o%se. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5CG

1B. Ass%&e t!at a 'erson !o lives in a s&all9 ell8ins%lated !o%se t!at contains to(in8releasin# 'rod%cts 'laces !o%se'lants9 s%c! as t!ose tested9 in t!e !o%se. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be e('ected as a res%lt.A/ T!ere ill no lon#er be an, need to ventilate t!e !o%se. .1/ T!e concentration o" to(ins in t!e !o%se!old air s%''l, ill re&ain t!e sa&e. .C/ T!e !o%se ill be ar& and !ave a sa"e air s%''l,. .3/ I" t!ere is "or&alde!,de in t!e !o%se!old air s%''l,9 its level ill decrease. .E/ I" "or&alde!,de and ben)ene are bein# released into t!e !o%se!old air s%''l,9 t!e 0%antities released o" eac! ill decrease. 1H. T!e 'assa#e is str%ct%red to lead to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ :o%se'lants can re&ove ben)ene "ro& t!e air. .1/ 2ons,nt!etic 'rod%cts do not release to(ins into !o%ses. .C/ Mee'in# !o%se'lants is an e""ective &eans o" tra''in# !eat in a 'oorl, ins%lated !o%se. .3/ Mee'in# !o%se'lants can co&'ensate "or so&e o" t!e ne#ative e""ects o" 'oor ventilation. .E/ T!e air in a ell8ins%lated !o%se it! !o%se'lants ill contain "e er to(ins t!an t!e air in a ell8ventilated !o%se it!o%t !o%se'lants. 5I. 2or&al "%ll8ter& babies are all born it! certain instinctive re"le(es t!at disa''ear b, t!e a#e o" t o &ont!s. 1eca%se t!is t!ree8&ont!8old bab, e(!ibits t!ese re"le(es9 t!is bab, is not a nor&al "%ll8ter& bab,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# !as a lo#ical str%ct%re &ost like t!at o" t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 1eca%se carbon dio(ide t%rns li&e ater &ilk, and t!is #as is o(,#en9 it ill not t%rn li&e ater &ilk,. .1/ 1eca%se no a'e can talk and S%), is an a'e9 S%), cannot talk. .C/ 1eca%se !%&ans are social ani&als and :enr, is sociable9 :enr, is nor&al. .3/ 1eca%se o'oss%&s !ave abdo&inal 'o%c!es and t!is ani&al lacks an, s%c! 'o%c!9 t!is ani&al is not an o'oss%&. .E/ 1eca%se so&e t,'es o" trees s!ed t!eir leaves ann%all, and t!is tree !as not s!ed its leaves9 it is not nor&al. 51. E""icienc, and red%ndanc, are contradictor, c!aracteristics o" lin#%istic s,ste&s: !o ever9 t!e, can be %sed to#et!er to ac!ieve %se"%lness and reliabilit, in co&&%nication. I" a s'oken lan#%a#e is co&'letel, e""icient9 t!en ever, 'ossible 'er&%tation o" its basic lan#%a#e so%nds can be an %nderstandable ord. :o ever9 i" t!e !%&an a%ditor, s,ste& is an i&'er"ect rece'tor o" so%nds9 t!en it is not tr%e t!at ever, 'ossible 'er&%tation o" a s'oken lan#%a#es basic lan#%a#e so%nds can be an %nderstandable ord. I" all o" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5CA

tr%e.A/ E""icienc, ca%ses a s'oken lan#%a#e to be %se"%l and red%ndanc, ca%ses it to be reliable. .1/ 2eit!er e""icienc, nor red%ndanc, can be co&'letel, ac!ieved in s'oken lan#%a#e. .C/ I" a s'oken lan#%a#e ere co&'letel, red%ndant9 t!en it co%ld not be %se"%l. .3/ I" t!e !%&an a%ditor, s,ste& ere a 'er"ect rece'tor o" so%nds9 t!en ever, 'er&%tation o" lan#%a#e so%nds o%ld be an %nderstandable ord. .E/ I" t!e !%&an a%ditor, s,ste& is an i&'er"ect rece'tor o" so%nds9 t!en a s'oken lan#%a#e cannot be co&'letel, e""icient. 55. All intelli#ent 'eo'le are nearsi#!ted. I a& ver, nearsi#!ted. So I &%st be a #eni%s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits bot! o" t!e lo#ical "la s e(!ibited in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ I &%st be st%'id beca%se all intelli#ent 'eo'le are nearsi#!ted and I !ave 'er"ect e,esi#!t. .1/ All c!ickens !ave beaks. T!is bird !as a beak. So t!is bird &%st be a c!icken. .C/ All 'i#s !ave "o%r le#s9 b%t t!is s'ider !as ei#!t le#s. So t!is s'ider &%st be t ice as bi# as an, 'i#. .3/ Jo!n is e(tre&el, !a'',9 so !e &%st be e(tre&el, tall beca%se all tall 'eo'le are !a'',. .E/ All #eni%ses are ver, nearsi#!ted. I &%st be ver, nearsi#!ted since I a& a #eni%s. 5<. An advertise&ents states: Like 3ana(il9 all !eadac!e 'ills can sto' ,o%r !eadac!e. 1%t !en ,o% are in 'ain9 ,o% ant relie" ri#!t a a,. 3ana(il is "or ,o%Kno !eadac!e 'ill sto's 'ain &ore 0%ickl,. Evel,n and Jane are eac! s%""erin# "ro& a !eadac!e. S%''ose Evel,n takes 3ana(il and Jane takes its leadin# co&'etitor. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, concl%ded "ro& t!e clai&s in t!e advertise&ent.A/ Evel,ns !eadac!e 'ain ill be relieved9 b%t Janes ill not. .1/ Evel,ns !eadac!e 'ain ill be relieved &ore 0%ickl, t!an Janes. .C/ Evel,ns !eadac!e ill be relieved at least as 0%ickl, as Janes. .3/ Janes !eadac!e 'ain ill be relieved at t!e sa&e ti&e as is Evel,ns. .E/ Jane ill be takin# 3ana(il "or relie" "ro& !eadac!e 'ain. Questions !4-!5 In o''osin# t!e 1HAI Clean Air Act9 t!e =nited States a%to&obile ind%str, ar#%ed t!at http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5CB

&eetin# t!e acts standards "or a%to&obile e&issions as neit!er econo&icall, "easible nor environ&entall, necessar,. :o ever9 t!e catal,tic converter9 invented in 1HGA9 enabled a%to&akers to &eet t!e 1HAI standards e""icientl,. C%rrentl,9 a%to&akers are lobb,in# a#ainst t!e #overn&ents atte&'t to 'ass le#islation t!at o%ld ti#!ten restrictions on a%to&obile e&issions. T!e a%to&akers contend t!at t!ese ne restrictions o%ld be overl, e('ensive and %nnecessar, to e""orts to c%rb air 'oll%tion. Clearl,9 t!e a%to&obile ind%str,s 'osition s!o%ld not be !eeded. 5C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &et!od %sed to co%nter t!e a%to&akers c%rrent 'osition.A/ T!e a%to&akers 're&ises are s!o n to lead to a contradiction. .1/ $acts are &entioned t!at s!o t!at t!e a%to&akers are rel,in# on "alse in"or&ation. .C/ A "la is 'ointed o%t in t!e reasonin# %sed b, t!e a%to&akers to reac! t!eir concl%sion. .3/ A co&'arison is dra n bet een t!e a%to&akers c%rrent 'osition and a 'osition t!e, !eld in t!e 'ast. .E/ Evidence is 'rovided t!at t!e ne e&issions le#islation is bot! econo&icall, "easible and environ&entall, necessar,. 5@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 lends t!e &ost s%''ort to t!e a%to&akers c%rrent 'osition.A/ T!e &ore strin#ent t!e le#islation restrictin# e&issions beco&es9 t!e &ore di""ic%lt it beco&es "or a%to&akers to 'rovide t!e re0%ired tec!nolo#, econo&icall,. .1/ E&issions8restriction tec!nolo#, can o"ten be en#ineered so as to avoid red%cin# t!e e""icienc, it! !ic! an a%to&obile %ses "%el. .C/ 2ot ever, ne 'iece o" le#islation restrictin# e&issions re0%ires ne a%to&otive tec!nolo#, in order "or a%to&akers to co&'l, it! it. .3/ T!e &ore a%to&obiles t!ere are on t!e road9 t!e &ore strin#ent e&ission restrictions &%st be to 'revent increased overall air 'oll%tion. .E/ =nless "orced to do so b, t!e #overn&ent9 a%to&akers rarel, &ake c!an#es in a%to&otive tec!nolo#, t!at is not related to 'ro"itabilit,.

TEST 3
SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Rita: T!e ori#inal '%r'ose o" #overn&ent "ar& s%bsid, 'ro#ra&s as to 'rovide inco&e stabilit, "or s&all "a&il, "ar&ers. 1%t &ost "ar&8s%bsid, &one, #oes to a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5CH

"e "ar&ers it! lar#e !oldin#s. Fa,&ents to "ar&ers !ose inco&e9 be"ore s%bsidies9 is #reater t!an L1II9III a ,ear s!o%ld be sto''ed. T!o&as: It o%ld be i&'ossible to ad&inister s%c! a c%to"" 'oint. S%bsidies are needed d%rin# t!e 'lantin# and #ro in# season9 b%t "ar&ers do not kno t!eir inco&e "or #iven calendar ,ear %ntil ta( ret%rns are calc%lated and s%b&itted t!e "ollo in# A'ril. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e stron#est co%nter Rita can &ake to T!o&as ob+ection.A/ It !as beco&e di""ic%lt "or s&all "ar&ers to obtain bank loans to be re'aid later b, &one, "ro& s%bsidies. .1/ :avin# s%c! a c%to"" 'oint o%ld ca%se so&e "ar&ers !ose inco&e o%ld ot!er ise e(ceed L1II9III to red%ce t!eir 'lantin#s. .C/ T!e inco&e o" a "ar&er varies beca%se eat!er and &arket 'rices are not stable "ro& ,ear to ,ear. .3/ I" s%bsid, 'a,&ents to lar#e "ar&ers ere eli&inated t!e "inancial condition o" t!e #overn&ent o%ld i&'rove. .E/ S%bsid, c%to""s can be deter&ined on t!e basis o" inco&e "or t!e 'recedin# ,ear. 5. Modern '!,sicians o"ten e&'lo, laborator, tests9 in addition to '!,sical e(a&inations9 in order to dia#nose diseases acc%ratel,. Ins%rance co&'an, re#%lations t!at den, covera#e "or certain laborator, tests t!ere"ore decrease t!e 0%alit, o" &edical care 'rovided to 'atients. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at o%ld serve to +%sti", t!e concl%sion above.A/ F!,sical e(a&inations and t!e %ncovered laborator, tests to#et!er 'rovide a &ore acc%rate dia#nosis o" &an, diseases t!an do '!,sical e(a&inations alone. .1/ Man, '!,sicians #enerall, o''ose ins%rance co&'an, re#%lations t!at9 in order to red%ce costs9 li&it t!e %se o" laborator, tests. .C/ Man, 'atients !o &i#!t bene"it "ro& t!e %ncovered laborator, tests do not !ave an, "or& o" !ealt! ins%rance. .3/ T!ere are so&e illnesses t!at e('erienced '!,sicians can dia#nose acc%ratel, "ro& '!,sicians e(a&ination alone. .E/ Laborator, tests are &ore costl, to 'er"or& t!an are '!,sical e(a&inations. <. 7il anal,sis 'redict t!at i" t!e 'rice o" oil "ails b, !al"9 t!e cons%&ers '%rc!ase 'rice "or #asoline &ade "ro& t!is oil ill also "all b, !al". 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e 'rediction &ade b, t!e oil anal,sts.A/ I&'roved a%to&obile tec!nolo#, and ne kinds o" "%el "or cars !ave enabled so&e drivers to %se less #asoline. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5@I

.1/ Gasoline &an%"act%rers ill not e('and t!eir 'ro"it &ar#ins. .C/ T!ere are &an, di""erent #asoline co&'anies t!at co&'ete it! eac! ot!er to 'rovide t!e &ost attractive 'rice to cons%&ers. .3/ St%dies in several co%ntries s!o t!at t!e a&o%nt o" #asoline '%rc!ased b, cons%&ers initiall, rises a"ter t!e 'rice o" #asoline !as "allen. .E/ Re"inin# costs9 distrib%tion costs9 and ta(es9 none o" !ic! varies si#ni"icantl, it! oil 'rices9 constit%te a lar#e 'ortion o" t!e 'rices o" #asoline. C. A s%rve, as recentl, cond%cted a&on# "err, 'assen#ers on t!e 2ort! Sea. A&on# t!e res%lts as t!is: &ore o" t!ose !o !ad taken anti8seasickness &edication be"ore t!eir tri' re'orted s,&'to&s o" seasickness t!an t!ose !o !ad not taken s%c! &edication. It is clear9 t!en t!at des'ite clai&s b, dr%# co&'anies t!at clinical tests s!o t!e contrar,9 'eo'le o%ld be better o"" not takin# anti8 seasickness &edications. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e concl%sion above.A/ Given ro%#! eno%#! eat!er9 &ost "err, 'assen#ers ill !ave so&e s,&'to&s o" seasickness. .1/ T!e clinical tests re'orted b, t!e dr%# co&'anies ere cond%cted b, t!e dr%# co&'anies sta""s. .C/ Feo'le !o do not take anti8seasickness &edication are +%st as likel, to res'ond to a s%rve, on seasickness as 'eo'le !o do. .3/ T!e seasickness s,&'to&s o" t!e 'eo'le !o took anti8seasickness &edication o%ld !ave been &ore severe !ad t!e, not taken t!e &edication. .E/ Feo'le !o !ave s'ent &one, on anti8seasickness &edication are less likel, to ad&it s,&'to&s o" seasickness t!an t!ose !o !ave not. @. Econo&ic considerations color ever, as'ect o" international dealin#s9 and nations are +%st like individ%als in t!at t!e lender sets t!e ter&s o" its dealin#s it! t!e borro er. T!at is !, a nation t!at o es &one, to anot!er nation cannot be orld leader. T!e reasonin# in t!e 'assa#e ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ A nation t!at does not lend to an, ot!er nation cannot be a orld leader. .1/ A nation t!at can set t!e ter&s o" its dealin#s it! ot!er nations is certain to be a orld leader. .C/ A nation t!at !as t!e ter&s o" its dealin#s it! anot!er nation set b, t!at nation cannot be a orld leader. .3/ A nation t!at is a orld leader can borro "ro& anot!er nation as lon# as t!at ot!er nation does not set t!e ter&s o" t!e dealin#s bet een t!e t o nations. .E/ A nation t!at !as no dealin#s it! an, ot!er nation cannot be orld leader. Questions &-' http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5@1

Rotelle: *o% are too old to address e""ectivel, t!e di""ic%lt iss%es "acin# t!e co%ntr,9 s%c! as n%clear 'o er9 'overt,9 and 'oll%tion. Si&s: I dont ant to &ake a#e an iss%e in t!is ca&'ai#n9 so I ill not co&&ent on ,o%r ,o%t! and ine('erience. G. Si&s does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ de&onstrates t!at Rotelles clai& is incorrect .1/ avoids &entionin# t!e iss%e o" a#e .C/ 'ro'oses a a, to decide !ic! iss%es are i&'ortant .3/ s!o s t!at Rotelles state&ent is sel"8contradictor, .E/ "ails to res'ond directl, to Rotelles clai& A. Rotelle is co&&itted to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Man, old 'eo'le cannot e""ectivel, address t!e di""ic%lt iss%es "acin# t!e co%ntr,. .1/ T!ose at least as old as Si&s are t!e onl, 'eo'le !o cannot e""ectivel, address t!e di""ic%lt iss%es "acin# t!e co%ntr,. .C/ So&e ,o%n# 'eo'le can e""ectivel, address t!e di""ic%lt iss%es "acin# t!e co%ntr,. .3/ I" an,one can e""ectivel, address t!e di""ic%lt iss%es "acin# t!e co%ntr,9 t!at 'erson &%st be ,o%n#er t!an Si&s. .E/ Addressin# t!e di""ic%lt iss%es "acin# t!e co%ntr, re0%ires an %nderstandin# o" ,o%n# 'eo'les 'oints o" vie . B. Folitical t!eorist: T!e c!ie" "o%ndations o" all #overn&ents are t!e le#al s,ste& and t!e 'olice "orceD and as t!ere cannot be a #ood le#al s,ste& !ere t!e 'olice are not ell 'aid. It "ollo s t!at !ere t!e 'olice are ell 'aid t!ere ill be #ood le#al s,ste&. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is not so%nd beca%se it "ails to establis! t!at: .A/ &an, #overn&ents it! bad le#al s,ste&s !ave 'oorl, 'aid 'olice "orces .1/ bad #overn&ents it! #ood le#al s,ste&s &%st !ave 'oorl, 'aid 'olice "orces .C/ a ell8'aid 'olice "orce cannot be e""ective it!o%t a #ood le#al s,ste& .3/ a ell8'aid 'olice "orce is s%""icient to #%arantee a #ood le#al s,ste& .E/ so&e bad #overn&ents !ave #ood le#al s,ste&s H. Co%rt records "ro& &edieval $rance s!o t!at in t!e ,ears 1<II to 1CII t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le arrested in t!e $renc! real& "or >violent inter'ersonal cri&es? .not co&&itted in ars/ increased b, <I 'ercent over t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le arrested "or s%c! cri&es in t!e ,ears 15II to 1<II. I" t!e increase as not t!e res%lt o" "alse arrests9 t!ere"ore9 &edieval $rance !ad a !i#!er level o" doc%&ented inter'ersonal violence in t!e ,ears 1<II to 1CII t!an in t!e ,ears http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5@5

15II to 1<II. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ In t!e ,ears 1<II to 1CII t!e $renc! #overn&ents cate#or, o" violent cri&es incl%ded an increasin# variet, o" inter'ersonal cri&es t!at are act%all, nonviolent. .1/ :istorical acco%nts b, &onastic c!roniclers in t!e ,ears 1<II to 1CII are "illed it! descri'tions o" violent attacks co&&itted b, 'eo'le livin# in t!e $renc! real&. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" individ%al a#ree&ents bet een t o 'eo'le in !ic! t!e, s ore oat!s not to attack eac! ot!er increased s%bstantiall, a"ter 1<II. .3/ 6!en En#lis! ar&ies tried to con0%er 'arts o" $rance in t!e &id8 to late 1<IIs9 violence in t!e nort!ern 'rovince o" 2or&and, and t!e so%t! estern 'rovince o" Gascon, increased. .E/ T!e 'o'%lation o" &edical $rance increased s%bstantiall, d%rin# t!e "irst "ive decades o" t!e 1<IIs9 %ntil t!e deadl, b%bonic 'la#%e deci&ated t!e 'o'%lation o" $rance a"ter 1<CB. 1I. R!i)obi%& bacteria livin# in t!e roots o" bean 'lants or ot!er le#%&es 'rod%ce "i(ed nitro#en !ic! is one o" t!e essential 'lant n%trients and !ic! "or non8 le#%&e cro's9 s%c! as !eat9 nor&all, &%st be s%''lied b, a''lications o" nitro#en8based "ertili)er. So i" biotec!nolo#, s%cceeds in 'rod%cin# !eat strains !ose roots ill 'la, !ost to R!i)obi%& bacteria9 t!e need "or arti"icial "ertili)ers ill be red%ced. T!e ar#%&ent above &akes !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 1iotec!nolo#, s!o%ld be directed to ard 'rod%cin# 'lants t!at do not re0%ire arti"icial "ertili)er. .1/ $i(ed nitro#en is c%rrentl, t!e onl, soil n%trient t!at &%st be s%''lied b, arti"icial "ertili)er "or #ro in# !eat cro's. .C/ T!ere are no nat%rall, occ%rrin# strains o" !eat or ot!er #rasses t!at !ave -hi.obiu, bacteria livin# in t!eir roots. .3/ Le#%&es are c%rrentl, t!e onl, cro's t!at 'rod%ce t!eir o n s%''l, o" "i(ed nitro#en. .E/ -hi.obiu, bacteria livin# in t!e roots o" !eat o%ld 'rod%ce "i(ed nitro#en. 11. C%rrent le#islation t!at re0%ires desi#nated sections "or s&okers and nons&okers on t!e 're&ises o" 'rivatel, o ned b%sinesses is an intr%sion into t!e 'rivatel, o ned b%sinesses is an intr%sion into t!e 'rivate sector t!at cannot be +%sti"ied. T!e "act t!at st%dies indicate t!at nons&okers &i#!t be !ar&ed b, in!alin# t!e s&oke "ro& ot!ers ci#arettes is not t!e &ain iss%e. Rat!er9 t!e &ain iss%e concerns t!e #overn&ents violation o" t!e ri#!t o" 'rivate b%sinesses to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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deter&ine t!eir o n 'olicies and r%le. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is 'rinci'le t!at9 i" acce'ted9 co%ld enable t!e concl%sion to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ Govern&ent intr%sion into t!e 'olicies and r%les o" 'rivate b%sinesses is +%sti"ied onl, !en individ%als &i#!t be !ar&ed. .1/ T!e ri#!t o" individ%als to breat!e sa"e air s%'ersedes t!e ri#!t o" b%sinesses to be "ree "ro& #overn&ent intr%sion. .C/ T!e ri#!t o" b%sinesses to sel"8deter&ination overrides !atever ri#!t or d%t, t!e #overn&ent &a, !ave to 'rotect t!e individ%al. .3/ It is t!e d%t, o" 'rivate b%sinesses to 'rotect e&'lo,ees "ro& !ar& in t!e ork'lace. .E/ 6!ere t!e ri#!ts o" b%sinesses and t!e d%t, o" #overn&ent con"lict9 t!e &ain iss%e is "indin# a s%ccess"%l co&'ro&ise. 15. Leac!ate is a sol%tion9 "re0%entl, !i#!l, conta&inated9 t!at develo's !en ater 'er&eates a land"ill site. I" and onl, i" t!e land"ills ca'acit, to !old li0%ids is e(ceeded does t!e leac!ate esca'e into t!e environ&ent9 #enerall, in %n'redictable 0%antities. A &et!od &%st be "o%nd "or dis'osin# o" leac!ate. Most land"ill leac!ate is send directl, to se a#e treat&ent 'lants9 b%t not all se a#e 'lants are ca'able o" !andlin# t!e !i#!l, conta&inated ater. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e abilit, to 'redict t!e vol%&e o" esca'in# land"ill leac!ate o%ld !el' solve t!e dis'osal 'roble&. .1/ I" an, ater 'er&eates a land"ill9 leac!ate ill esca'e into t!e environ&ent. .C/ 2o se a#e treat&ent 'lants are ca'able o" !andlin# leac!ate. .3/ So&e land"ill leac!ate is send to se a#e treat&ent 'lants t!at are inca'able o" !andlin# it. .E/ I" leac!ate does not esca'e "ro& a land"ill into t!e environ&ent9 t!en t!e land"ills ca'acit, to !old li0%ids !as not been e(ceeded. 1<. T!e soarin# 'rices o" sc!olarl, and scienti"ic +o%rnals !ave "orced acade&ic libraries %sed onl, b, acade&ic researc!ers to drasticall, red%ce t!eir list o" s%bscri'tions. So&e !ave s%##ested t!at in eac! acade&ic disci'line s%bscri'tion decisions s!o%ld be deter&ined solel, b, a +o%rnals %se"%lness in t!at disci'line9 &eas%red b, t!e "re0%enc, it! !ic! it is cited in '%blis!ed ritin#s b, researc!ers in t!e disci'line. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, calls into 0%estion t!e s%##estion described above.A/ T!e nonacade&ic readers!i' o" a sc!olarl, or scienti"ic +o%rnal can be acc%ratel, #a%#ed b, t!e n%&ber o" ti&es articles a''earin# in it are cited in dail, ne s'a'ers and 'o'%lar &a#a)ines. .1/ T!e avera#e len#t! o" a +o%rnal article in so&e sciences9 s%c! as '!,sics9 is http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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less t!an !al" t!e avera#e len#t! o" a +o%rnal article in so&e ot!er acade&ic disci'lines9 s%c! as !istor,. .C/ T!e increasin#l, e('ensive sc!olarl, +o%rnals are less and less likel, to be available to t!e #eneral '%blic "ro& nonacade&ic '%blic libraries. .3/ Researc!ers o"ten ill not cite a +o%rnal article t!at !as in"l%enced t!eir ork i" t!e, t!ink t!at t!e +o%rnal in !ic! it a''ears is not !i#!l, re#arded b, t!e leadin# researc!ers in t!e &ainstrea& o" t!e disci'line. .E/ In so&e acade&ic disci'lines9 controversies !ic! be#in in t!e 'a#es o" one +o%rnal s'ill over into articles in ot!er +o%rnals t!at are idel, read b, researc!ers in t!e disci'line. 1C. T!e avera#e level o" "at in t!e blood o" 'eo'le s%""erin# "ro& ac%te cases o" disease 6 is lo er t!an t!e avera#e level "or t!e 'o'%lation as a !ole. 2evert!eless9 &ost doctors believe t!at red%cin# blood8"at levels is an e""ective a, o" 'reventin# ac%te 6. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does &ost to +%sti", t!is a''arentl, 'arado(ical belie".A/ T!e blood level o" "at "or 'atients !o !ave been c%red o" 6 is on avera#e t!e sa&e as t!at "or t!e 'o'%lation at lar#e. .1/ Several o" t!e s,&'to&s c!aracteristic o" ac%te 6 !ave been 'rod%ced in laborator, ani&als "ed lar#e doses o" a s,nt!etic "at s%bstit%te9 t!o%#! ac%te 6 itsel" !as not been 'rod%ced in t!is a,. .C/ T!e 'ro#ression "ro& latent to ac%te 6 can occ%r onl, !en t!e a#ent t!at ca%ses ac%te 6 absorbs lar#e 0%antities o" "at "ro& t!e 'atients blood. .3/ T!e levels o" "at in t!e blood o" 'atients !o !ave disease 6 res'ond abnor&all, slo l, to c!an#es in dietar, intake o" "at. .E/ :i#! levels o" "at in t!e blood are indicative o" several diseases t!at are +%st as serio%s as 6. 1@. 1akin# "or inter !olida,s is tradition t!at &a, !ave a so%nd &edical basis. In &id inter9 !en da,s are s!ort9 &an, 'eo'le s%""er "ro& a s'eci"ic t,'e o" seasonal de'ression ca%sed b, lack o" s%nli#!t. Carbo!,drates9 bot! s%#ars and starc!es9 boost t!e brains levels o" serotonin9 a ne%rotrans&itter t!at i&'rove t!e &ood. In t!is res'ect9 carbo!,drates act on t!e brain in t!e sa&e a, as so&e antide'ressants. T!%s9 eatin# !olida, cookies &a, 'rovide an e""ective "or& o" sel"8'rescribed &edication. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ Seasonal de'ression is one o" t!e &ost easil, treated "or&s o" de'ression. .1/ Lack o" s%nli#!t lo ers t!e level o" serotonin in t!e brain. .C/ Feo'le are &ore likel, to be de'ressed in &id inter t!an at ot!er ti&es o" t!e ,ear. .3/ So&e antide'ressants act b, c!an#in# t!e brains level o" serotonin. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5@@

.E/ Raisin# t!e level o" ne%rotrans&itters in t!e brain e""ectivel, relieves de'ression. 1G. T!e c%rrent 'ro'osal to #ive colle#e st%dents a broader c!oice in 'lannin# t!eir o n co%rses o" st%d, s!o%ld be abandoned. T!e st%dents !o are s%''ortin# t!e 'ro'osal ill never be satis"ied9 no &atter !at re0%ire&ents are establis!ed. So&e o" t!ese st%dents !ave reac!ed t!eir t!ird ,ear it!o%t declarin# a &a+or. 7ne "irst8,ear st%dent !as "ailed to co&'lete "o%r re0%ired co%rses. Several ot!ers !ave indicated a serio%s indi""erence to #rades and intellect%al ac!ieve&ent. A "la in t!e ar#%&ent is t!at it does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ avoids t!e iss%e b, "oc%sin# on s%''orters o" t!e 'ro'osal .1/ ar#%es circ%larl, b, ass%&in# t!e concl%sion is tr%e in statin# t!e 're&ises .C/ "ails to de"ine t!e critical ter& >satis"ied? .3/ distorts t!e 'ro'osal advocated b, o''onents .E/ %sers t!e ter& >st%dent? e0%ivocall, Questions 1'-18 T!e 0%estion !et!er intelli#ent li"e e(ists else !ere in t!e %niverse is certainl, i&'recise9 beca%se e are not s%re !o di""erent "ro& %s so&et!in# &i#!t be and still co%nt as >intelli#ent li"e.? *et e cannot +%st decide to de"ine >intelli#ent li"e? in so&e &ore 'recise a, since it is likel, t!at e ill "ind and reco#ni)e intelli#ent li"e else !ere in t!e %niverse onl, i" e leave o%r de"initions o'en to ne 9 %ni&a#ined 'ossibilities. 1A. T!e ar#%&ent can &ost reasonabl, be inter'reted as an ob+ection to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# clai&s.A/ T!e 0%estion !et!er intelli#ent li"e e(ists else !ere in t!e %niverse is one t!at ill never be correctl, ans ered. .1/ 6!et!er or not t!ere is intelli#ent li"e else !ere in t!e %niverse9 o%r %nderstandin# o" intelli#ent li"e is li&ited. .C/ T!e 0%estion abo%t t!e e(istence o" intelli#ent li"e else !ere in t!e %niverse &%st be &ade &ore 'recise i" e !o'e to ans er it correctl,. .3/ T!e 0%estion !et!er t!ere is intelli#ent li"e else !ere in t!e %niverse is so i&'recise as to be &eanin#less. .E/ T!e 0%estion !et!er t!ere is intelli#ent li"e else !ere in t!e %niverse is one e s!o%ld not s'end o%r ti&e tr,in# to ans er. 1B. T!e 'assa#e9 i" seen as an ob+ection to an antecedent clai&9 c!allen#es t!at clai& b,: .A/ s!o in# t!e clai& to be irrelevant to t!e iss%e at !and .1/ citin# e(a&'les t!at "ail to "it 'ro'osed de"inition o" >intelli#ent li"e? .C/ clai&in# t!at >intelli#ent li"e? cannot be ade0%atel, de"ined http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.3/ ar#%in# t!at t!e clai&9 i" acted on9 o%ld be co%nter'rod%ctive .E/ &aintainin# t!at t!e clai& is not s%''orted b, t!e available evidence 1H. T!e e""icienc, o" &icro ave ovens in destro,in# t!e !ar&"%l bacteria "re0%entl, "o%nd in co&&on "oods is di&inis!ed b, t!e 'resence o" salt in t!e "ood bein# cooked. 6!en !eated in a &icro ave oven9 t!e interior o" %nsalted "ood reac!es te&'erat%res !i#! eno%#! to kill bacteria t!at ca%se "ood 'oisonin#9 b%t t!e interior o" salted "ood does not. Scientists t!eori)e t!at salt e""ectivel, blocks t!e &icro aves "ro& !eatin# t!e interior. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is &ost s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e kinds o" bacteria t!at ca%se "ood 'oisonin# are &ore likel, to be "o%nd on t!e e(terior o" "ood t!an in t!e interior o" "ood. .1/ T!e incidence o" serio%s "ood 'oisonin# o%ld be si#ni"icantl, red%ced i" &icro ave ovens ere not %sed b, cons%&ers to cook or re!eat "ood. .C/ T!e addition o" salt to "ood t!at !as been cooked or re!eated in a &icro ave oven can increase t!e dan#er o" "ood 'oisonin#. .3/ T!e dan#er o" "ood 'oisonin# can be lessened i" salt is not %sed to 're'are "oods t!at are to be cooked in a &icro ave oven. .E/ Salt is t!e 'ri&ar, ca%se o" "ood 'oisonin# res%ltin# "ro& "ood t!at is !eated in &icro ave ovens. 5I. Fa&ela: 1%siness !as an interest in enablin# e&'lo,ees to care "or c!ildren9 beca%se t!ose c!ildren ill be t!e c%sto&ers9 e&'lo,ees9 and &ana#ers o" t!e "%t%re. T!ere"ore9 b%sinesses s!o%ld ado't 'olicies9 s%c! as da,8care bene"its t!at "acilitate 'arentin#. Lee: 2o individ%al co&'an,9 t!o%#!9 ill be 'atroni)ed9 sta""ed9 and &ana#ed onl, b, its o n e&'lo,ees c!ildren9 so it o%ld not be to a co&'an,s advanta#e to 'rovide s%c! bene"its to e&'lo,ees c!ildren9 so it o%ld not be to a co&'an,s advanta#e to 'rovide s%c! bene"its to e&'lo,ees !en ot!er co&'anies do not. In !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'airs consistin# o" ar#%&ent and ob+ection does t!e ob+ection "%nction &ost si&ilarl, to t!e a, Lees ob+ection "%nctions in relation to Fa&elas ar#%&ent.A/ 2e roads ill not serve to relieve t!is areas tra""ic con#estion9 beca%se ne roads o%ld enco%ra#e ne constr%ction and #enerate additional tra""ic. 7b+ection: $ail%re to b%ild ne roads o%ld &ean t!at tra""ic con#estion o%ld stran#le t!e area even earlier. .1/ :%&anit, needs clean air to breat!e9 so eac! 'erson s!o%ld &ake an e""ort avoid 'oll%tin# t!e air. 7b+ection: T!e air one 'erson breat!es is a""ected &ainl, b, 'oll%tion http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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ca%sed b, ot!ers9 so it &akes no sense to act alone to c%rb air 'oll%tion. .C/ Advertised disco%nts on 'rod%cts dra c%sto&ers attention to t!e 'rod%cts so advertised disco%nts bene"it sales. 7b+ection: C%sto&ers alread, 'lannin# to '%rc!ase a 'rod%ct accelerate b%,in# to take advanta#e o" advertised disco%nts9 and t!ose s%bse0%ent sales s%""er. .3/ I" 'eo'le al a,s told lies9 t!en no one o%ld kno 'eo'le s!o%ld al a,s tell t!e tr%t!. !at t!e tr%t! as9 so

7b+ection: I" 'eo'le al a,s told lies9 t!en ever,one o%ld kno t!at t!e tr%t! as t!e o''osite o" !at as said. .E/ :%&an social instit%tions !ave al a,s c!an#ed. So even i" e do not kno !at t!ose c!an#es ill be9 e do kno t!at t!e social instit%tions o" t!e "%t%re ill di""er "ro& t!ose o" t!e 'ast. 7b+ection: T!e e(istence o" c!an#e in t!e 'ast does not ens%re t!at t!ere ill al a,s be c!an#e in t!e "%t%re. 51. Fedro: =nlike clot! dia'ers9 dis'osable dia'ers are a t!reat to t!e environ&ent. Si(teen billion dis'osable dia'ers are discarded ann%all,9 "illin# %' land"ills at an alar&in# rate. So 'eo'le &%st sto' b%,in# dis'osable dia'ers and %se clot! dia'ers. Maria: 1%t ,o% "or#et t!at clot! dia'ers &%st be as!ed in !ot ater9 !ic! re0%ires ener#,. Moreover9 t!e res%ltin# aste ater 'oll%tes o%r rivers. 6!en "a&ilies %se dia'er services9 dia'ers &%st be delivered b, "%el8b%rnin# tr%cks t!at 'oll%te t!e air and add to tra""ic con#estion. Maria ob+ects to Fedros ar#%&ent b, .A/ clai&in# t!at Fedro overstates t!e ne#ative evidence abo%t dis'osable dia'ers in t!e co%rse o" !is ar#%&ent in "avor o" clot! dia'ers .1/ indicatin# t!at Fedro dra s a !ast, concl%sion9 based on inade0%ate evidence abo%t clot! dia'ers .C/ 'ointin# o%t t!at t!ere is an a&bi#%o%s %se o" t!e ord >dis'osable? in Fedros ar#%&ent .3/ de&onstratin# t!at clot! dia'ers are a "ar &ore serio%s t!reat to t!e environ&ent t!an dis'osable dia'ers are .E/ s%##estin# t!at t!e econo&ic advanta#es o" clot! dia'ers o%t ei#! !atever environ&ental da&a#e t!e, &a, ca%se 55. In an e('eri&ent9 t o8,ear8old bo,s and t!eir "at!ers &ade 'ie do%#! to#et!er %sin# rollin# 'ins and ot!er %tensils. Eac! "at!er8son 'air %sed a rollin# 'in t!at as distinctivel, di""erent "ro& t!ose %sed b, t!e ot!er "at!er8son 'airs9 and eac! "at!er re'eated t!e '!rase >rollin# 'in? eac! ti&e !is son %sed it. 1%t !en t!e c!ildren ere asked to identi", all o" t!e rollin# 'ins a&on# a #ro%' o" kitc!en %tensils t!at incl%ded several rollin# 'ins9 eac! c!ild 'icked onl, t!e one t!at !e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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!ad %sed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in"erences is &ost s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e c!ildren did not #ras' t!e "%nction o" rollin# 'in. .1/ 2o t o c!ildren %nderstood t!e na&e >rollin# 'in? to a''l, to t!e sa&e ob+ect. .C/ T!e c!ildren %nderstood t!at all rollin# 'ins !ave t!e sa&e #eneral s!a'e. .3/ Eac! c!ild as able to identi", correctl, onl, t!e %tensils t!at !e !ad %sed. .E/ T!e c!ildren ere not able to distin#%is! t!e rollin# 'ins t!e, %sed "ro& ot!er rollin# 'ins. 5<. 6!en 1II 'eo'le !o !ave not %sed cocaine are tested "or cocaine %se9 on avera#e onl, @ ill test 'ositive. 1, contrast9 o" ever, 1II 'eo'le !o !ave %sed cocaine HH ill test 'ositive. T!%s9 !en a rando&l, c!osen #ro%' o" 'eo'le is tested "or cocaine %se9 t!e vast &a+orit, o" t!ose !o test 'ositive ill be 'eo'le !o !ave %sed cocaine. A reasonin# error in t!e ar#%&ent is t!at t!e ar#%&ent .A/ atte&'ts to in"er a val%e +%d#&ent "ro& '%rel, "act%al 're&ises .1/ attrib%tes to ever, &e&ber o" t!e 'o'%lation t!e 'ro'erties o" t!e avera#e &e&ber o" t!e 'o'%lation .C/ "ails to take into acco%nt !at 'ro'ortion o" t!e 'o'%lation !ave %sed cocaine .3/ i#nores t!e "act t!at so&e cocaine %sers do not test 'ositive .E/ advocates testin# 'eo'le "or cocaine %se !en t!ere is no reason to s%s'ect t!at t!e, !ave %sed cocaine 5C. I" a societ, enco%ra#es "reedo& o" t!o%#!t and e('ression9 t!en9 d%rin# t!e ti&e !en it does so9 creativit, ill "lo%ris! in t!at societ,. In t!e =nited States creativit, "lo%ris!ed d%rin# t!e ei#!teent! cent%r,. It is clear9 t!ere"ore9 t!at "reedo& o" t!o%#!t as enco%ra#ed in t!e =nited States d%rin# t!e ei#!teent! cent%r,. An error o" reasonin# o" t!e sa&e kind as one contained in t!e 'assa#e is 'resent in eac! o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents EECEFT: .A/ Accordin# to t!e airline ind%str,9 air"ares !ave to rise i" air travel is to be &ade sa"erD since air"ares ere +%st raised9 e can rest ass%red t!at air travel ill t!ere"ore beco&e sa"er. .1/ 6e can concl%de t!at t!e :illside 'olice de'art&ent !as i&'roved its e""icienc,9 beca%se cri&e rates are do n in :illside9 and it is an establis!ed "act t!at cri&e rates #o do n !en 'olice de'art&ents increase t!eir e""icienc,. .C/ Feo'le !o are reall, interested in t!e 'reservation o" ildli"e obvio%sl, do http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5@H

not #o !%ntin# "or bi# #a&eD since Gerda !as never #one !%ntin# "or bi# #a&e and intends never to do so9 it is clear t!at s!e is reall, interested in t!e 'reservation o" ildli"e. .3/ I" t!e contents o" a bottle are sa"e to drink9 t!e bottle ill not be &arked >'oison9? so9 since t!e bottle is not &arked >'oison9? its contents ill be sa"e to drink. .E/ 2one o" t!e so8called 6estern de&ocracies is reall, de&ocratic9 beca%se9 "or a co%ntr, to be de&ocratic9 t!e o'inion o" eac! o" its citi)ens &%st !ave a &eanin#"%l e""ect on #overn&ent9 and in none o" t!ese co%ntries does eac! citi)ens o'inion !ave s%c! an e""ect. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

6it! t!e 'assa#e o" t!e ne ta( re"or& la 9 t!e ann%al ta( b%rden on lo 8inco&e ta('a,ers ill be red%ced9 on avera#e9 b, an, !ere "ro& L1II to L<II. Clearl,9 ta( re"or& is in t!e interest o" lo 8inco&e ta('a,ers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost %nder&ines t!e concl%sion above.A/ Ta( re"or&9 b, si&'li",in# t!e ta( code9 ill save &an, 'eo'le t!e e('ense o" !avin# an acco%ntant do t!eir ta(es. .1/ Ta( re"or&9 b, eli&inatin# ta( incentives to b%ild rental !o%sin#9 ill '%s! %' rents an avera#e o" abo%t LCI 'er &ont! "or lo 8inco&e ta('a,ers. .C/ Lo 8inco&e ta('a,ers !ave consistentl, voted "or t!ose 'olitical candidates !o are stron# advocates o" ta( re"or&. .3/ T!e ne ta( re"or& la s ill 'er&it lo and &iddle8inco&e ta('a,ers to ded%ct c!ild8care e('enses "ro& t!eir ta(es. .E/ =nder t!e ne ta( re"or& la s9 &an, lo 8inco&e ta('a,ers !o no 'a, ta(es ill no lon#er be re0%ired to do so.

5.

I" e are to e('and t!e e('loration o" o%r solar s,ste&9 o%r ne(t &anned "li#!t s!o%ld be to F!obos9 one o" Marss &oons9 rat!er t!an to Mars itsel". T!e "li#!t ti&es to eac! are t!e sa&e9 b%t t!e F!obos e('edition o%ld re0%ire less t!an !al" t!e "%el load o" a Mars e('edition and o%ld9 t!ere"ore9 be &%c! less costl,. So9 it is clear t!at F!obos s!o%ld be o%r ne(t ste' in S'ace e('loration. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost !el' to e('lain t!e di""erence in "%el re0%ire&ent.A/ More e0%i'&ent o%ld be re0%ired to e('lore F!obos t!an to e('lore Mars. .1/ S&aller s'aces!i's re0%ire less "%el t!an lar#er s'aces!i's. .C/ In"or&ation learned d%rin# t!e tri' to F!obos can be %sed d%rin# a s%bse0%ent tri' to Mars.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5GI

.3/ T!e s!ortest distance bet een F!obos and Mars is less t!an !al" t!e s!ortest distance 1et een Eart! and Mars. .E/ Li"t8o"" "or t!e ret%rn tri' "ro& F!obos re0%ires &%c! less "%el t!an t!at "ro& Mars beca%se o" F!obos eaker #ravitational '%ll. <. Scienti"ic researc! t!at involves international collaboration !as 'rod%ced 'a'ers o" #reater in"l%ence. As &eas%red b, t!e n%&ber o" ti&es a 'a'er is cited in s%bse0%ent 'a'ers9 t!an !as researc! it!o%t an, collaboration. Fa'ers t!at res%lt "ro& international collaboration are cited an avera#e o" seven ti&es9 !ereas 'a'ers it! sin#le a%t!ors are cited onl, t!ree ti&es on avera#e. T!is di""erence s!o s t!at researc! 'ro+ects cond%cted b, international researc! tea&s are o" #reater i&'ortance t!an t!ose cond%cted b, sin#le researc!ers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Froli"ic riters can in"late t!e n%&ber o" citations t!e, receive b, citin# t!e&selves in s%bse0%ent 'a'ers. .1/ It is 'ossible to ascertain !et!er or not a 'a'er is t!e 'rod%ct o" international collaboration b, deter&inin# t!e n%&ber o" citations it !as received. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" citations a 'a'er receives is a &eas%re o" t!e i&'ortance o" t!e researc! it re'orts. .3/ T!e collaborative e""orts o" scientists !o are citi)ens o" t!e sa&e co%ntr, do not 'rod%ce 'a'ers t!at are as i&'ortant as 'a'ers t!at are 'rod%ced b, international collaboration. .E/ International researc! tea&s tend to be &ore #enero%sl, "%nded t!an are sin#le researc!ers. C. It is &ore desirable to !ave so&e "or& o" sociali)ed &edicine t!an a s,ste& o" &edical care rel,in# on t!e 'rivate sector. Sociali)ed &edicine is &ore broadl, accessible t!an is 'rivate8sector s,ste&. In addition9 since co%ntries it! sociali)ed &edicine !ave a lo er in"ant &oralit, rate t!an do co%ntries it! a s,ste& rel,in# entirel, on t!e 'rivate sector9 sociali)ed &edicine see&s to be tec!nolo#icall, s%'erior. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best indicates a "la in t!e ar#%&ent abo%t t!e tec!nolo#ical s%'eriorit, o" sociali)ed &edicine.A/ T!e lo er in"ant &ortalit, rate &i#!t be d%e to t!e s,ste&s allo in# #reater access to &edical care. .1/ T!ere is no necessar, connection bet een t!e econo&ic s,ste& o" socialis& and tec!nolo#ical ac!ieve&ent. .C/ In"ant &ortalit, is a reliable indicator o" t!e 0%alit, o" &edical care "or c!ildren. .3/ 2o list is 'resented o" t!e co%ntries !ose in"ant &ortalit, statistics are s%&&ari)ed %nder t!e t o cate#ories9 >sociali)ed? and >'rivate8sector.? http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5G1

.E/ T!e ar#%&ent 'res%''oses t!e desirabilit, o" sociali)ed &edicine9 !ic! is !at t!e ar#%&ent seeks to establis!. @. Most 'arents !o are #enero%s are #ood 'arents9 b%t so&e sel"8centered 'arents are also #ood 'arents. *et all #ood 'arents s!are one c!aracteristic: t!e, are #ood listeners. I" all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ All 'arents !o are #ood listeners are #ood 'arents. .1/ So&e 'arents !o are #ood listeners are not #ood 'arent. .C/ Most 'arents !o are #ood listeners are #enero%s. .3/ So&e 'arents !o are #ood listeners are sel"8centered. .E/ $e er sel"8centered 'arents t!an #enero%s 'arents are #ood listeners. G. Lo%rdes: 3ietar, "iber is an i&'ortant 'art o" a !ealt!"%l diet. E('erts reco&&end t!at ad%lts cons%&e 5I to <@ #ra&s o" "iber a da,. M,ra: 1%t a dail, intake o" "iber t!at is si#ni"icantl, above t!at reco&&ended level inter"eres it! &ineral absor'tion9 es'eciall, t!e absor'tion o" calci%&. T!e '%blic s!o%ld be told to c%t back on "iber intake 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost %nder&ines M,ras reco&&endation.A/ A&on# ad%lts9 t!e avera#e cons%&'tion o" dietar, "iber is at 'resent a''ro(i&atel, 1I #ra&s a da,. .1/ T!e &ore a "ood is 'rocessed9 t!e &ore t!e "iber is broken do n and t!e lo er t!e "iber content. .C/ Man, "oodst%""s t!at are e(cellent so%rces o" "iber are econo&ical and readil, available. .3/ Ade0%ate calci%& intake !el's 'revent t!e decrease in bone &ass kno n as osteo'orosis. .E/ Man, "oodst%""s t!at are e(cellent so%rces o" "iber are 'o'%lar it! cons%&ers. A. A certain retailer 'ro&otes &erc!andise b, %sin# t!e "ollo in# 'olic,: At all ti&es t!ere is eit!er a >&ana#ers sale? or a >!olida, sale? or bot! #oin# on. All sales are r%n "or e(actl, one calendar &ont!. In an, #iven &ont!9 i" a &ana#er is!es to clear o%t 'artic%lar line o" &erc!andise9 t!en a &ana#ers sale is declared. I" a !olida, "alls it!in t!e calendar &ont! and t!ere is e(cess &erc!andise in t!e are!o%se9 t!en a !olida, sale is declared. :o ever9 t!ere is no !olida, t!at "alls it!in t!e &ont! o" A%#%st and9 in t!at &ont!9 t!e are!o%se never contains e(cess &erc!andise. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be concl%ded "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ I" a !olida, "alls it!in a #iven &ont! and t!ere is no e(tra &erc!andise in t!e are!o%se t!at &ont!9 t!en a !olida, sale is declared. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5G5

.1/ I" a !olida, sale is not bein# r%n9 t!en it is t!e &ont! o" A%#%st. .C/ I" a &an#ers sale is bein# r%n in so&e &ont!9 t!en t!ere is no e(cess &erc!andise in t!e are!o%se in t!at &ont!. .3/ I" t!ere is not a &an#ers sale bein# r%n so&e &ont!9 t!en t!ere is !olida, sale bein# r%n in t!at &ont!. .E/ I" t!ere is no e(cess &erc!andise in t!e are!o%se9 t!en it is t!e &ont! o" A%#%st. B. Fro&inent b%siness e(ec%tives o"ten 'la, active roles in =nited States 'residential ca&'ai#ns as "%ndraisers or backroo& strate#ists. 1%t "e act%all, seek to beco&e 'resident t!e&selves. T!ro%#!o%t !istor, t!e #reat &a+orit, o" t!ose !o !ave so%#!t to beco&e 'resident !ave been La ,ers9 &ilitar, leaders9 or "%ll8ti&e 'oliticians. T!is is %nderstandable9 "or t!e 'ersonalit, and skills t!at &ake "or s%ccess in b%siness do not &ake "or s%ccess in 'olitics. 1%siness is lar#el, !ierarc!ical9 !ereas 'olitics is coordinative. As a res%lt9 b%siness e(ec%tives tend to be %nco&"ortable it! co&'ro&ises and 'o er s!arin#9 !ic! are in!erent in 'olities. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e 'ro'osed e('lanation o" !, b%siness e(ec%tives do not r%n "or 'resident.A/ Man, o" t!e &ost active 'residential "%ndraisers and backroo& strate#ists are t!e&selves 'oliticians. .1/ Militar, leaders are #enerall, no &ore co&"ortable it! co&'ro&ises and 'o er s!arin# t!an are b%siness e(ec%tives. .C/ So&e o" t!e skills needed to beco&e a s%ccess"%l la ,er are di""erent "ro& so&e o" t!ose needed to beco&e a s%ccess"%l &ilitar, leader. .3/ So&e "or&er 'residents !ave en#a#ed in b%siness vent%res a"ter leavin# o""ice. .E/ So&e !ierarc!icall, str%ct%red co&'anies !ave been &a+or "inancial s%''orters o" candidates "or 'resident. H. A scienti"ic t!eor, is a #ood t!eor, i" it satis"ies t o re0%ire&ents: It &%st acc%ratel, describe a lar#e class o" observations in ter&s o" a &odel t!at is si&'le eno%#! to contain onl, a "e ele&ents9 and it &%st &ake de"inite 'redictions abo%t t!e res%lts o" "%t%re observations. $or e(a&'le9 Aristotles cos&olo#ical t!eor,9 !ic! clai&ed t!at ever,t!in# as &ade o%t o" "o%r ele&entsKeart!9 air9 "ire9 and aterKsatis"ied t!e "irst re0%ire&ent9 b%t it did not &ake an, de"inite 'rediction. T!%s9 Aristotles cos&olo#ical t!eor, as not a #ood t!eor,. I" all t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ Frediction abo%t t!e res%lts o" "%t%re observations &%st be &ade b, an, #ood scienti"ic t!eor,. .1/ 7bservation o" '!,sical '!eno&ena as not a &a+or concern in Aristotles http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5G<

cos&olo#ical t!eor,. .C/ $o%r ele&ents can be t!e basis o" a scienti"ic &odel t!at is si&'le eno%#! to &eet t!e si&'licit, criterion o" a #ood t!eor,. .3/ A scienti"ic &odel t!at contains &an, ele&ents is not a #ood t!eor,. .E/ Aristotles cos&olo#ical t!eor, described a lar#e class o" observations in ter&s o" onl, "o%r ele&ents. 1I. Millions o" irre'laceable e(!ibits in nat%ral !istor, &%se%&s are c%rrentl, allo ed to deca,. *et it!o%t anal,ses o" e##s "ro& &%se%&s9 t!e st%dies linkin# 'esticides it! t!e decline o" birds o" 're, o%ld !ave been i&'ossible. T!ere"ore9 "%nds &%st be raised to 'reserve at least t!ose e(!ibits t!at ill be &ost val%able to science in t!e "%t%re. T!e ar#%&ent 'res%''oses t!at .A/ i" a &%se%& e(!ibit is irre'laceable9 its 'reservation is o" an i&'ortance t!at overrides econo&ic considerations .1/ t!e scienti"ic anal,sis o" &%se%& e(!ibits can be 'er"or&ed in nondestr%ctive a, .C/ e##s o" e(tinct s'ecies s!o%ld be anal,)ed to increase kno led#e o" #enetic relations!i's a&on# s'ecies .3/ it can be kno n at t!is ti&e !at data ill be o" &ost %se to scienti"ic investi#ators in t!e "%t%re .E/ t!e deca, o" or#anic &aterial in nat%ral !istor, e(!ibits is nat%ral and cannot be 'revented 11. Co&'ared to non'ro"it !os'itals o" t!e sa&e si)e9 investor8o ned !os'itals re0%ire less '%blic invest&ent in t!e "or& o" ta( breaks9 %se "e er e&'lo,ees9 and !ave !i#!er occ%'anc, levels. It can t!ere"ore be concl%ded t!at investor8 o ned !os'itals are a better a, o" deliverin# &edical care t!an are non'ro"it !os'itals. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost %nder&ines t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ 2on'ro"it !os'itals c!ar#e &ore 'er bed t!an do investor8o ned !os'itals. .1/ Fatients in non'ro"it !os'itals recover &ore 0%ickl, t!an don 'atients it! co&'arable illnesses in investor8o ned !os'itals. .C/ 2on'ro"it !os'itals do &ore "%ndraisin# t!an do investor8o ned !os'itals. .3/ 3octors at non'ro"it !os'itals earn !i#!er salaries t!an do si&ilarl, 0%ali"ied doctors at investor8o ned !os'itals. .E/ 2on'ro"it !os'itals receive &ore donations t!an do investor8o ned !os'itals. 15. T!e ancient E#,'tian '!arao! Ak!enaten9 !o !ad a 'ro"o%nd e""ect d%rin# !is li"eti&e on E#,'tian art and reli#ion9 as ell loved and !i#!l, res'ected b, !is s%b+ects. 6e kno t!is "ro& t!e "ierce lo,alt, s!o to !i& b, !is 'alace #%ards9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5GC

as doc%&ented in re'orts ritten d%rin# Ak!enatens rei#n. A 0%estionable tec!ni0%e %sed in t!e ar#%&ent is to .A/ introd%ce in"or&ation t!at act%all, contradicts t!e concl%sion .1/ rel, on evidence t!at in 'rinci'le o%ld be i&'ossible to c!allen#e .C/ &ake a #enerali)ation based on a sa&'le t!at is likel, to be %nre'resentative .3/ de'end on t!e a&bi#%it, o" t!e ter& >ancient? .E/ a''l, 'resent8da, standards in an ina''ro'riate a, to ancient ti&es 1<. F!,sician: T!e 'atient is s%""erin# eit!er "ro& disease E or else "ro& disease *9 b%t t!ere is no available test "or distin#%is!in# E "ro& *. T!ere"ore9 since t!ere is an e""ective treat&ent "or * b%t no treat&ent "or E9 e &%st act on t!e ass%&'tion t!at t!e 'atient !as a case o" *. T!e '!,sicians reasonin# co%ld be based on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ In treatin# a 'atient !o !as one or t!e ot!er o" t o diseases9 it is &ore i&'ortant to treat t!e diseases t!an to deter&ine !ic! o" t!e t o diseases t!e 'atient !as. .1/ I" circ%&stances be,ond a decision &akers control ill a""ect t!e o%tco&e o" t!e decision &akers actions9 t!e decision &aker &%st ass%&e t!at circ%&stances are %n"avorable. .C/ 6!en t!e so%ndness o" a strate#, de'ends on t!e tr%t! o" a certain ass%&'tion9 t!e "irst ste' in '%ttin# t!e strate#, into e""ect &%st be to test t!e tr%t! o" t!is ass%&'tion. .3/ 6!en s%ccess is 'ossible onl, i" a circ%&stance be,ond ones control is "avorable9 t!en ones strate#, &%st be based on t!e ass%&'tion t!at t!is circ%&stance is in "act "avorable. .E/ 6!en onl, one strate#, carries t!e 'ossibilit, o" s%ccess9 circ%&stances &%st as &%c! as 'ossible be c!an#ed to "it t!is strate#,. 1C. Cons%&er advocate: Tro'ical oils are !i#! in sat%rated "ats9 !ic! increase t!e risk o" !eart disease. $ort%natel,9 in &ost 're'ared "ood tro'ical oils can be re'laced b, !ealt!ier alternatives it!o%t noticeabl, a""ectin# taste. T!ere"ore9 intensive '%blicit, abo%t t!e disadvanta#e o" tro'ical oils ill be likel, to res%lt in dietar, c!an#es t!at ill di&inis! &an, 'eo'les risk o" develo'in# !eart disease. 2%tritionist: T!e &a+or so%rces o" sat%rated "at in t!e avera#e 2ort! A&erican diet are &eat9 'o%ltr,9 and dair, 'rod%cts9 not tro'ical oils. T!%s9 "oc%sin# attention on t!e !ealt! !a)ards o" tro'ical oils o%ld be co%nter'rod%ctive9 beca%se it o%ld enco%ra#e 'eo'le to believe t!at &ore s%bstantial dietar, c!an#es are %nnecessar,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'oint at iss%e bet een t!e n%tritionist and t!e cons%&er advocatehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5G@

.A/ 6!et!er a diet t!at re#%larl, incl%des lar#e 0%antities o" tro'ical oil can increase t!e risk o" !eart disease. .1/ 6!et!er intensive '%blicit, ca&'ai#ns can be e""ective as &eans o" c!an#in# 'eo'les eatin# !abits. .C/ 6!et!er &ore 'eo'le in 2ort! A&erican o%ld bene"it "ro& red%cin# t!e a&o%nt o" &eat t!e, cons%&e t!an o%ld bene"it "ro& eli&inatin# tro'ical oils "ro& t!eir diets. .3/ 6!et!er so&e 'eo'les diets co%ld be &ade si#ni"icantl, !ealt!ier i" t!e, re'laced all tro'ical oils it! ve#etable oils t!at are si#ni"icantl, lo er in sat%rated "at. .E/ 6!et!er cond%ctin# a '%blicit, ca&'ai#n t!at b, "oc%sin# on t!e !ealt! !a)ards o" tro'ical oils 'ers%ades 'eo'le to re'lace s%c! oils it! !ealt!ier alternatives is a #ood '%blic8!ealt! strate#,. 1@. Feo'le !o take !at ot!ers re#ard as a ridic%lo%s 'osition s!o%ld not bot!er to sa,9 >I &ean ever, ordJ? $or eit!er t!eir 'osition tr%l, is ridic%lo%s9 in !ic! case insistin# t!at t!e, are serio%s abo%t it onl, e('oses t!e& to dee'er e&barrass&ent9 or else t!eir 'osition !as &erit9 in !ic! case t!e, s!o%ld &eet disbelie" it! rational ar#%&ent rat!er t!an it! ass%rances o" t!eir sincerit,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar in its reasonin# to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ A 'ractice t!at !as been deno%nced as 'oor 'ractice s!o%ld not be de"ended on t!e #ro%nds t!at >t!is is !o e !ave al a,s done it.? I" t!e 'ractice is a 'oor one9 so &%c! t!e orse t!at it !as been e(tensivel, %sedD i" it is not 'oor one9 t!ere &%st be a better reason "or en#a#in# in it t!an inertia. .1/ Feo'le !o are asked !, t!e, eat so&e o" t!e %n%s%al "oods t!e, eat s!o%ld not ans er9 >beca%se t!at is !at I like.? T!is sort o" ans er ill so%nd eit!er naive or evasive and t!%s ill satis", no one. .C/ Feo'le !ose taste in clot!es is bein# critici)ed s!o%ld not re'la,9 >Ever, 'enn, I s'ent on t!ese clot!es I earned !onestl,.? $or t!e iss%e raise b, t!e critics is not !o t!e &one, as co&e b, b%t rat!er !et!er it as s'ent isel,. .3/ Sc!olars !o c!a&'ion %n'o'%lar ne t!eories s!o%ld not ass%&e t!at t!e ides'read re+ection o" t!eir ideas s!o s t!at t!e, >&%st be on t!e ri#!t track.? T!e tr%t! is t!at "e t!eories o" an, conse0%ence are eit!er !oll, ri#!t or !oll, ron# and t!%s t!ere is no s%bstit%te "or 'atient orks in ascertainin# !ic! 'arts are ri#!t. .E/ Feo'le !o set t!e&selves #oals t!at ot!ers deno%nce as overl, a&bitio%s do little to silence t!eir critics i" t!e, sa,9 >I can acco&'lis! t!is i" an,one can.? Rat!er9 t!ose 'eo'le s!o%ld eit!er ad&it t!at t!eir critics are ri#!t or not di#ni", t!e criticis& it! an, re'l,. 1G. Concetta: $ranc!ot as a #reat riter beca%se s!e as a!ead o" !er ti&e in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5GG

%nderstandin# t!at ind%striali)ation as takin# an %nconscionable toll on t!e "a&il, str%ct%re o" t!e orkin# class. Alicia: $ranc!ot as not a #reat riter. T!e &ark o" a #reat riter is t!e abilit, to &ove 'eo'le it! t!e 'o er o" t!e ritten ord9 not t!e abilit, to be a&on# t!e "irst to #ras' a social iss%e. 1esides9 t!e social conse0%ences o" ind%striali)ation ere idel, %nderstood in $ranc!ots da,. In !er disa#ree&ent it! Concetta9 Alicia does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ acce'ts Concettas criterion and t!en adds evidence to Concettas case .1/ discredits Concettas evidence and t!en #enerali)es "ro& ne evidence .C/ re+ects Concettas criterion and t!en dis'%tes a s'eci"ic clai& .3/ dis'%tes Concettas concl%sion and t!en 'resents "acts in s%''ort o" an alternative criterion .E/ attacks one o" Concettas clai&s and t!en critici)es t!e str%ct%re o" !er ar#%&ent Questions 1'-18 Qelda: 3r. Ladlo 9 a researc! 's,c!olo#ist9 !as convincin#l, de&onstrated t!at !is t!eor, abo%t t!e deter&inants o" rat be!avior #enerates consistentl, acc%rate 'redictions abo%t !o rats ill 'er"or& in a &a)e. 7n t!e basis o" t!is evidence9 3r. Ladlo !as clai&ed t!at !is t!eor, is irre"%tabl, correct. Anson: T!en 3r. Ladlo is not res'onsible 's,c!olo#ist. 3r. Ladlo s evidence does not concl%sivel, 'rove t!at !is t!eor, is correct. Res'onsible 's,c!olo#ists al a,s acce't t!e 'ossibilit, t!at ne evidence ill s!o t!at t!eir t!eories are incorrect. 1A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& Ansons ar#%&ent.A/ 3r. Ladlo s evidence t!at !is t!eor, #enerates consistentl, acc%rate 'redictions abo%t !o rates ill 'er"or& in a &a)e is inacc%rate. .1/ Fs,c!olo#ists !o can derive consistentl, acc%rate 'redictions abo%t !o rats ill 'er"or& in a &a)e "ro& t!eir t!eories cannot res'onsibl, concl%de t!at t!ose t!eories cannot be dis'roved. .C/ 2o &atter !o res'onsible 's,c!olo#ists are9 t!e, can never develo' correct t!eoretical e('lanations. .3/ Res'onsible 's,c!olo#ists do not &ake 'redictions abo%t !o rats ill 'er"or& in a &a)e. .E/ Fs,c!olo#ists !o acce't t!e 'ossibilit, t!at ne evidence ill s!o t!at t!eir t!eories are incorrect are res'onsible 's,c!olo#ists. 1B. Anson bases !is concl%sion abo%t 3r. Ladlo on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ an attack on 3r. Ladlo s c!aracter .1/ t!e a''lication o" a #eneral 'rinci'le .C/ t!e %se o" an a&bi#%o%s ter& http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5GA

.3/ t!e discreditin# o" "acts .E/ t!e re+ection o" a t!eoretical e('lanation 1H. S&it!: Meat in t!e diet is !ealt!,9 des'ite !at so&e 'eo'le sa,. A"ter all9 &ost doctors do eat &eat9 and !o kno s &ore abo%t !ealt! t!an doctors do6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a "la in S&it!s reasonin#.A/ attackin# t!e o''onents &otives instead o" t!eir ar#%&ent .1/ #enerali)in# on t!e basis o" a sa&'le consistin# o" a t,'ical cases .C/ ass%&in# at t!e o%tset !at t!e ar#%&ent clai&s to establis! t!ro%#! reasonin# .3/ a''ealin# to a%t!orit,9 even !en di""erent a%t!orities #ive con"lictin# advice abo%t an iss%e .E/ takin# "or #ranted t!at e('erts do not act co%nter to !at9 accordin# to t!eir e('ertise9 in t!eir best interest 5I. T!e rise in t!e 'ros'erit, o" En#land s%bse0%ent to 1BCI can be attrib%ted to t!e ado'tion o" t!e 'olic, o" "ree trade9 since econo&ic conditions i&'roved onl, !en t!at 'olic, !ad been i&'le&ented. T!e reasonin# in t!e above ar#%&ent &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ An e(!a%stive searc! o" t!e &ars!es last ,ear revealed no si#n o" &ars! !a ks9 so it can be ass%&ed t!at a si&ilar searc! t!is ,ear o%ld reveal e0%all, little si#n o" t!at kind o" bird. .1/ 1%ildin# a circ%lar b,'ass road aro%nd Flain"ield 'robabl, !el'ed t!e "lo o" local tra""ic in t!e to n center9 since a circ%lar b,'ass road #enerall, c%ts a cit,s t!ro%#! tra""ic &arkedl,. .C/ 1e"ore t!e banks raised t!eir interest rates9 'eo'le on avera#e inco&es co%ld al&ost a""ord a &ort#a#e "or an a&o%nt t ice t!eir salar,. :ence t!e rate increase !as no '%t &ort#a#es be,ond t!eir reac!. .3/ Since t!e i&'rove&ent in t!e co&'an,s 'ro"itabilit, be#an to occ%r a"ter t!e vice 'residents ne &orale8b%ildin# 'ro#ra& as '%t in 'lace9 t!at 'ro#ra& can be credited it! t!e i&'roved res%lt. .E/ T!e e(tinction o" t!e dinosa%rs as bro%#!t abo%t b, an asteroid collidin# it! Eart!9 so t!eir e(tinction co%ld not !ave co&e be"ore t!e collision. 51. 3%rin# constr%ction o" t!e N%ebec 1rid#e in 1HIA9 t!e brid#es desi#ner9 T!eodore Coo'er9 received ord t!at t!e s%s'ended s'an bein# b%ilt o%t "ro& t!e brid#es cantilever as de"lectin# do n ard b, a "raction o" an inc!. 1e"ore !e co%ld tele#ra'! to "ree)e t!e 'ro+ect9 t!e !ole cantilever ar& broke o"" and 'l%n#ed9 alon# it! seven do)ens orkers9 into t!e St. La rence River. It as t!e orst brid#e constr%ction disaster in !istor,. As a direct res%lt o" t!e in0%ir, t!at "ollo ed9 t!e en#ineerin# >r%les o" t!%&b? b, !ic! t!o%sands o" brid#es !ad

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GMAT & LSAT CR

5GB

been b%ilt ent do n it! t!e N%ebec 1rid#e. T entiet!8cent%r, brid#e en#ineers o%ld t!erea"ter de'end on "ar &ore ri#oro%s a''lications o" &at!e&atical anal,sis. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ 1rid#es b%ilt be"ore abo%t 1HIA ere b%ilt it!o%t t!oro%#! &at!e&atical anal,sis and9 t!ere"ore9 ere %nsa"e "or t!e '%blic to %se. .1/ Coo'ers absence "ro& t!e N%ebec 1rid#e constr%ction site res%lted in t!e breakin# o"" o" t!e cantilever. .C/ 2ineteent!8cent%r, brid#e en#ineers relied on t!eir r%les o" t!%&b beca%se anal,tical &et!ods ere inade0%ate to solve t!eir desi#n 'roble&s. .3/ 7nl, a &ore ri#oro%s a''lication o" &at!e&atical anal,sis to t!e desi#n o" t!e N%ebec 1rid#e co%ld !ave 'revented its colla'se. .E/ Frior to 1HIA t!e &at!e&atical anal,sis incor'orated in en#ineerin# r%les o" t!%&b as ins%""icient to co&'letel, ass%re t!e sa"et, o" brid#es %nder constr%ction. 55. Most c!ildren "ind it ver, di""ic%lt to e('lain e(actl, !at t!e ords t!e, %se &ean !en t!ose ords do not re"er to t!in#s t!at can be seen or to%c!ed. *et since c!ildren are able to %se t!ese ords to conve, t!e "eelin#s and e&otions t!e, are obvio%sl, e('eriencin#9 %nderstandin# !at a ord &eans clearl, does not de'end on bein# able to e('lain it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" acce'ted9 o%ld 'rovide t!e &ost +%sti"ication "or t!e concl%sion.A/ T!e "act t!at a task is ver, di""ic%lt "or &ost 'eo'le does not &ean t!at no one can do it. .1/ An,one !o can 'rovide an e(act e('lanation o" a ord !as a clear %nderstandin# o" !at t!at ord &eans. .C/ 6ords t!at re"er to e&otions invariabl, !ave less narro l, circ%&scribed conventional &eanin#s t!an do ord t!at re"er to '!,sical ob+ects. .3/ 6!en so&eone a''ro'riatel, %ses a ord to conve, so&et!in# t!at !e or s!e is e('eriencin#9 t!at 'erson %nderstands !at t!at ord &ean. .E/ 6ords can be e('lained satis"actoril, onl, !en t!e, re"er to t!in#s t!at can be seen or to%c!ed. Questions !3- !4 T!e brains o" identical t ins are #eneticall, identical. 6!en onl, one o" a 'air o" identical t ins is a sc!i)o'!renic9 certain areas o" t!e a""ected t ins brain are s&aller t!an corres'ondin# areas in t!e brain o" t!e %na""ected t in. 2o s%c! di""erences are "o%nd !en neit!er t in is sc!i)o'!renic. T!ere"ore9 t!is discover, 'rovides de"initive evidence t!at sc!i)o'!renia is ca%sed b, da&a#e to t!e '!,sical str%ct%re o" t!e brain. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5GH

5<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion re0%ired b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e brain o" 'erson s%""erin# "ro& sc!i)o'!renia is s&aller t!an t!e brain o" an,one not s%""erin# "ro& sc!i)o'!renia. .1/ T!e relative s&allness o" certain 'arts o" t!e brains o" sc!i)o'!renics is not t!e res%lt o" sc!i)o'!renia or o" &edications %sed in its treat&ent. .C/ T!e brain o" a 'erson it! an identical t ines is no s&aller9 on avera#e9 t!an t!e brain o" 'erson !o is not a t in. .3/ 6!en a 'air o" identical t ins bot! s%""er "ro& sc!i)o'!renia9 t!eir brains are t!e sa&e si)e. .E/ Feo'le !o !ave an identical t in are no &ore likel, to s%""er "ro& sc!i)o'!renia t!an t!ose !o do not. 5C. I" t!e state&ents on !ic! t!e concl%sion above is based are all tr%e9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# co%ld be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ Feo'le !o lack a #enetic s%sce'tibilit, "or t!e disease ill not develo' sc!i)o'!renia. .1/ Medications can control &ost o" t!e s,&'to&s o" sc!i)o'!renia in &ost 'atients b%t ill never be able to c%re it. .C/ T!e brains o" sc!i)o'!renics s!are &an, o" t!e c!aracteristics "o%nd in t!ose o" 'eo'le it!o%t t!e disorder. .3/ It ill event%all, be 'ossible to deter&ine !et!er or not so&eone ill develo' sc!i)o'!renia on t!e basis o" #enetic in"or&ation alone. .E/ 1rain abnor&alities associated it! sc!i)o'!renia are t!e res%lt o" c!ild!ood viral in"ections t!at in!ibit t!e develo'&ent o" brain cells. 5@. Si(t, ad%lts ere asked to kee' a diar, o" t!eir &eals9 incl%din# !at t!e, cons%&ed9 !en9 and in t!e co&'an, o" !o &an, 'eo'le. It as "o%nd t!at at &eals it! !ic! t!e, drank alco!olic bevera#es9 t!e, cons%&ed abo%t 1A@ calories &ore "ro& nonalco!olic so%rce t!an t!e, did at &eals it! !ic! t!e, did not drink alco!olic bevera#es. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes to an e('lanation o" t!e di""erence in caloric intake EECEFT: .A/ 3iners s'ent a &%c! lon#er ti&e at &eals served it! alco!ol t!an t!e, did at t!ose serve it!o%t alco!ol. .1/ T!e &eals eaten later in t!e da, tended to be lar#er t!an t!ose eaten earlier in t!e da,9 and later &eals ere &ore likel, to incl%de alco!ol. .C/ Feo'le eat &ore !en t!ere are &ore 'eo'le 'resent at t!e &eal9 and &ore 'eo'le tended to be 'resent at &eal served it! alco!ol t!an at &eals served it!o%t alco!ol. .3/ T!e &eals t!at ere &ost care"%ll, 're'ared and &ost attractivel, served tended to be t!ose at !ic! alco!olic bevera#es ere cons%&ed.

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GMAT & LSAT CR

5AI

.E/ At &eals t!at incl%ded alco!ol9 relativel, &ore o" t!e total calories cons%&ed ca&e "ro& carbo!,drates and relativel, "e er o" t!e& ca&e "ro& "ats and 'roteins.

TEST 4
SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

So&et!in# &%st be done to ease tra""ic con#estion. In traditional s&all to ns9 'eo'le %sed to ork and s!o' in t!e sa&e to n in !ic! t!e, livedD b%t no t!at stores and ork'laces are located "ar a a, "ro& residential areas9 'eo'le cannot avoid travelin# lon# distances eac! da,. Tra""ic con#estion is so !eav, on all roads t!at9 even on &a+or !i#! a,s !ere t!e &a(i&%& s'eed li&it is @@ &iles 'er !o%r9 t!e act%al s'eed avera#es onl, <@ &iles 'er !o%r. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'ro'osals is &ost s%''orted b, t!e state&ents above.A/ T!e &a(i&%& s'eed li&it on &a+or !i#! a,s s!o%ld be increased. .1/ Feo'le !o no travel on &a+or !i#! a,s s!o%ld be enco%ra#ed to travel on secondar, roads instead. .C/ Residents o" t!e re&ainin# traditional s&all to ns s!o%ld be enco%ra#ed to &ove to t!e s%b%rbs. .3/ 3rivers !o travel ell belo t!e &a(i&%& s'eed li&it on &a+or !i#! a,s s!o%ld be "ined. .E/ 2e b%sinesses s!o%ld be enco%ra#ed to locate closer to !ere t!eir orkers o%ld live.

5.

Colle#e 'ro"essor: Colle#e st%dents do not rite nearl, as ell as t!e, %sed to. Al&ost all o" t!e 'a'er t!at &, st%dents !ave done "or &e t!is ,ear !ave been 'oorl, ritten and %n#ra&&atical. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ost serio%s eakness in t!e ar#%&ent &ade b, t!e 'ro"essor.A/ It re0%ires con"ir&ation t!at t!e c!an#e in t!e 'ro"essors st%dents is re'resentative o" a c!an#e a&on# colle#e st%dents in #eneral. .1/ It o""ers no 'roo" to t!e e""ect t!at t!e 'ro"essor is an acc%rate +%d#e o" ritin# abilit,. .C/ It does not take into acco%nt t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e 'ro"essor is a 'oor teac!er. .3/ It "ails to 'resent contrar, evidence. .E/ It "ails to de"ine its ter&s s%""icientl,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5A1

Questions 3-4 Ma,or o" Flainsville: In order to !el' t!e econo&, o" Flainsville9 I a& %sin# so&e o" o%r ta( reven%es to !el' brin# a &a+or !i#! a, t!ro%#! t!e to n and t!ereb, attract ne b%siness to Flainsville. Citi)ens #ro%': *o% &%st !ave interests ot!er t!an o%r econo&, in &ind. I" ,o% ere reall, interested in !el'in# o%r econo&,9 ,o% o%ld instead allocate t!e reven%es to b%ildin# a ne b%siness 'ark9 since it o%ld brin# in t ice t!e b%siness t!at ,o%r !i#! a, o%ld. <. T!e ar#%&ent b, t!e citi)ens #ro%' relies on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Flainsville 'resentl, !as no &a+or !i#! a,s r%nnin# t!ro%#! it. .1/ T!e &a,or acce'ts t!at a ne b%siness 'ark o%ld brin# in &ore ne b%siness t!an o%ld t!e ne !i#! a,. .C/ T!e ne !i#! a, o%ld !ave no bene"its "or Flainsville ot!er t!an attractin# ne b%siness. .3/ T!e &a,or is re0%ired to #et a''roval "or all ta( reven%e allocation 'lans "ro& t!e cit, co%ncil. .E/ Flainsvilles econo&, ill not be !el'ed %nless a ne b%siness 'ark o" t!e sort envisioned b, t!e citi)ens #ro%' is b%ilt. C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" acce'ted9 o%ld &ost !el' t!e citi)ens #ro%' to +%sti", dra in# its concl%sion t!at t!e &a,or !as in &ind interests ot!er t!an Flainsvilles econo&,.A/ An,one reall, '%rs%in# a ca%se ill c!oose t!e &eans t!at t!at 'erson believes ill advance t!e ca%se t!e "art!est. .1/ An, #oal t!at incl%des !el'in# t!e econo&, o" a co&&%nit, ill re0%ire '%blic reven%es in order to be ac!ieved. .C/ An,one 'lannin# to %se reso%rces collected "ro& a #ro%' &%st cons%lt t!e &e&bers o" t!e #ro%' be"ore %sin# t!e reso%rces. .3/ An, ca%se ort! co&&ittin# onesel" to &%st incl%de s'eci"ic #oals to ard !ic! one can ork. .E/ An, ca%se not '%rs%ed b, '%blic o""icials9 i" it is to be '%rs%ed at all9 &%st be '%rs%ed b, &e&bers o" t!e co&&%nit,. @. Recentl,9 !i#!l, skilled orkers in Eastern E%ro'e !ave le"t +obs in record n%&bers to e&i#rate to t!e 6est. It is t!ere"ore likel, t!at skilled orkers !o re&ain in Eastern E%ro'e are in !i#! de&and in t!eir !o&e co%ntries. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Eastern E%ro'ean "actories 're"er to !ire orkers "ro& t!eir !o&e co%ntries rat!er t!an to i&'ort orkers "ro& abroad.

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GMAT & LSAT CR

5A5

.1/ Ma+or c!an#es in Eastern E%ro'ean econo&ic str%ct%res !ave led to t!e eli&ination o" &an, 'ositions 'revio%sl, !eld b, t!e !i#!l, skilled e&i#rants. .C/ Man, Eastern E%ro'ean e&i#rants need to ac0%ire ne skills a"ter "indin# ork in t!e 6est. .3/ Eastern E%ro'ean co%ntries 'lan to train &an, ne !i#!l, skilled orkers !o !ave e&i#rated. orkers to re'lace t!e

.E/ 1eca%se o" t!e de'art%re o" skilled orkers "ro& Eastern E%ro'ean co%ntries9 &an, 'ositions are no %n"illed. G. :istorian: Ale(ander t!e Great s!o%ld not be +%d#ed b, a''eal to c%rrent notions o" +%stice. Ale(ander9 an ancient "i#%re o" !eroic stat%re9 s!o%ld be +%d#ed b, t!e standards o" !is o n c%lt%re. T!at is9 did !e live %' to !is c%lt%res ideals o" leaders!i'- 3id Ale(ander elevate t!e conte&'orar, standards o" +%stice- 6as !e9 in !is da,9 +%d#ed to be a +%st and ise r%lerSt%dent: 1%t ,o% cannot tell !et!er or not Ale(ander raised t!e conte&'orar, standards o" +%stice it!o%t invokin# standards ot!er t!an t!ose o" !is o n c%lt%re. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies does t!e st%dent %se in res'ondin# to t!e !istorian.A/ ar#%in# t!at a''l,in# t!e !istorians 'rinci'le o%ld re0%ire a kno led#e o" t!e 'ast t!at is necessaril, inaccessible to c%rrent sc!olars!i' .1/ atte&'tin# to %nder&ine t!e !istorians 'rinci'le b, s!o in# t!at so&e o" its conse0%ences are inconsistent it! eac! ot!er .C/ s!o in# t!at t!e 'rinci'le t!e !istorian invokes9 !en a''lied to Ale(ander9 does not +%sti", t!e assertion t!at !e as !eroic .3/ 0%estionin# t!e !istorians &otivation "or deter&inin# !et!er a standard o" be!avior !as been raised or lo ered .E/ clai&in# t!at one o" t!e !istorians criteria "or +%d#in# Ale(ander is inconsistent it! t!e 'rinci'le t!at t!e !istorian !as advanced Questions '-8 T o 'aleontolo#ists9 3r T,son and 3r. Rees9 disa#ree over t!e inter'retation o" certain "oot'rints t!at ere le"t a&on# ot!er "oot'rints in !ardened volcanic as! at site G. 3r. T,son clai&s t!e, are clearl, earl, !o&inid "oot'rints since t!e, s!o !%&an c!aracteristics: a s0%aris! !eel and a bi# toe i&&ediatel, ad+acent to t!e ne(t toe. :o ever9 since t!e "oot'rints indicate t!at i" !o&inids &ade t!ose 'rints t!e, o%ld !ave !ad to alk in an %ne('ected cross8ste''in# &anner9 b, 'lacin# t!e le"t "oot to t!e ri#!t o" t!e ri#!t "oot. 3r. Rees re+ects 3r. T,sons concl%sion. A. T!e disa#ree&ent bet een t!e t o 'aleontolo#ists is over !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#-

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GMAT & LSAT CR

5A<

.A/ t!e relative si#ni"icance o" vario%s as'ects o" t!e evidence .1/ t!e ass%&'tion t!at earl, !o&inid "oot'rints are distin#%is!able "ro& ot!er "oot'rints .C/ t!e 'ossibilit, o" %sin# t!e evidence o" "oot'rints to deter&ine t!e #ait o" t!e creat%re t!at &ade t!ose "oot'rints .3/ t!e ass%&'tion t!at evidence "ro& one 'aleontolo#ic site is eno%#! to s%''ort a concl%sion .E/ t!e likeli!ood t!at earl, !o&inids o%ld !ave alked %'ri#!t on t o "eet B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines 3r. T,sons concl%sion.A/ T!e "oot 'rints s!o in# !%&an c!aracteristics ere clearl, t!ose o" at least t o distinct individ%als. .1/ Certain s'ecies o" bears !ad "eet ver, like !%&an "eet9 e(ce't t!at t!e o%tside toe on eac! "oot as t!e bi##est toe and t!e inner&ost toe as t!e s&allest toe. .C/ $oot'rints s!a'ed like a !%&ans t!at do not s!o a cross8ste''in# 'attern e(ist at site M9 !ic! is a &ile a a, "ro& site G9 and t!e t o sets o" "oot'rints are conte&'oraneo%s. .3/ 6!en t!e &oist volcanic as! beca&e sealed %nder additional la,ers o" as! be"ore !ardenin#9 so&e details o" so&e o" t!e "oot'rints ere erased. .E/ Most o" t!e ot!er "oot'rints at site G ere o" ani&als it! !ooves. H. It is not kno n !et!er bovine s'on#i"or& ence'!alo'at!, .1SE/9 a disease o" cattle invariabl, deadl, to t!e&9 can be trans&itted directl, "ro& one in"ected ani&al to anot!er at all sta#es o" t!e in"ection. I" it can be9 t!ere is no a reservoir o" in"ected cattle inc%batin# t!e disease. T!ere are no dia#nostic tests to identi", in"ected ani&als be"ore t!e ani&als s!o overt s,&'to&s. T!ere"ore9 i" s%c! direct trans&ission occ%rs9 t!e disease cannot be eradicated b,;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e ar#%&ent.A/ re&ovin# "ro& t!e !erd and destro,in# an, diseased ani&al as soon as it s!o s t!e t,'ical s,&'to&s o" advanced 1SE .1/ develo'in# a dr%# t!at kills t!e a#ent t!at ca%se 1SE9 and t!en treatin# it! t!at dr%# all cattle t!at &i#!t !ave t!e disease .C/ destro,in# all cattle in areas !ere 1SE occ%rs and raisin# cattle onl, in areas to !ic! 1SE is kno n not to !ave s'read .3/ develo'in# a vaccine t!at con"ers li"elon# i&&%nit, a#ainst 1SE and #ivin# it to all cattle9 destro,in# in d%e co%rse all t!ose ani&als "or !ic! t!e vaccine 'rotection ca&e too late .E/ develo'in# a dia#nostic test t!at does identi", an, in"ected ani&al and destro,in# all ani&als "o%nd to be in"ected

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5AC

1I. A%to ind%str, e(ec%tive: Statistics s!o t!at cars t!at ere b%ilt s&aller a"ter 1HAA to &ake t!e& &ore "%el8e""icient !ad a !i#!er incidence o" accident8related "atalities t!an did t!eir earlier lar#er co%nter'arts. $or t!is reason e o''ose recent #%idelines t!at o%ld re0%ire %s to 'rod%ce cars it! !i#!er "%el e""icienc,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld constit%te t!e stron#est ob+ection to t!e e(ec%tives ar#%&ent.A/ Even a"ter 1HAA9 lar#e a%to&obiles ere "re0%entl, involved in accidents t!at ca%sed deat! or serio%s in+%r,. .1/ Alt!o%#! "atalities in accidents involvin# s&all cars !ave increased since 1HAA9 t!e n%&ber o" accidents !as decreased. .C/ 2e co&'%teri)ed "%el s,ste&s can enable lar#e cars to &eet "%el e""icienc, standards establis!ed b, t!e recent #%idelines. .3/ Modern tec!nolo#, can &ake s&all cars &ore "%el8e""icient toda, t!an at an, ot!er ti&e in t!eir 'rod%ction !istor,. .E/ $%el e""icienc, in &odels o" lar#e cars rose i&&ediatel, a"ter 1HAA b%t !as been declinin# ever since. 11. 2o one !o lacks kno led#e o" a s%b+ect is co&'etent to 'ass +%d#&ent on t!at s%b+ect. Since 'olitical kno 8!o is a &atter9 not o" ad!erin# to tec!nical r%les9 b%t o" insi#!t and st,le learned t!ro%#! a''rentices!i' and e('erience9 onl, seasoned 'oliticians are co&'etent to +%d#e !et!er a 'artic%lar 'olitical 'olic, is "air to all. A &a+or eakness o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at it .A/ relies on a #enerali)ation abo%t t!e c!aracteristic t!at &akes so&eone co&'etent to 'ass +%d#&ent .1/ "ails to #ive s'eci"ic e(a&'les to ill%strate !o 'olitical kno 8!o can be ac0%ired .C/ %ses t!e ter& >a''rentices!i'? to describe !at is seldo& a "or&ali)ed relations!i' .3/ e0%ates 'olitical kno 8!o 'olitical 'olicies it! %nderstandin# t!e social i&'lications o"

.E/ ass%&es t!at !en ine('erienced 'oliticians set 'olic, t!e, are #%ided b, t!e advice o" &ore e('erienced 'oliticians 15. I&'act craters ca%sed b, &eteorites s&as!in# into Eart! !ave been "o%nd all aro%nd t!e #lobe9 b%t t!e, !ave been "o%nd in t!e #reatest densit, in #eolo#icall, stable re#ions. T!is relativel, #reater ab%ndance o" sec%rel, identi"ied crater in #eolo#icall, stable re#ions &%st be e('lained b, t!e lo er rates o" destr%ctive #eo'!,sical 'rocesses in t!ose re#ions. T!e concl%sion is 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ A &eteorite t!at strikes e(actl, t!e sa&e s'ot as an earlier &eteorite ill http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5A@

obliterate all traces o" t!e earlier i&'act. .1/ Rates o" destr%ctive #eo'!,sical 'rocesses it!in an, #iven re#ion var, &arkedl, t!ro%#!o%t #eolo#ical ti&e. .C/ T!e rate at !ic! t!e Eart! is str%ck b, &eteorites !as #reatl, increased in #eolo#icall, recent ti&es. .3/ Act%al &eteorite i&'acts !ave been scattered "airl, evenl, over t!e Eart!s s%r"ace in t!e co%rse o" Eart!s #eolo#ical !istor,. .E/ T!e Eart!s #eolo#icall, stable re#ions !ave been st%died &ore intensivel, b, #eolo#ists t!an !ave its less stable re#ions. 1<. T!at t!e 'olic, o" n%clear deterrence !as orked t!%s "ar is %n0%estionable. Since t!e end o" t!e Second 6orld 6ar9 t!e ver, "act t!at t!ere ere n%clear ar&a&ents in e(istence !as ke't &a+or 'o ers "ro& %sin# n%clear ea'ons9 "or "ear o" startin# a orld ide n%clear e(c!an#e t!at o%ld &ake t!e land o" t!e 'o er initiatin# it %nin!abitable. T!e 'roo" is t!at a t!ird orld ar bet een s%'er'o ers !as not !a''ened. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 indicates a "la in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Maintainin# a !i#! level o" n%clear ar&a&ents re'resents a si#ni"icant drain on a co%ntr,s econo&,. .1/ $ro& !at !as !a''ened in t!e 'ast9 it is i&'ossible to in"er it! certaint, !at ill !a''en in t!e "%t%re9 so an accident co%ld still tri##er a t!ird orld ar bet een s%'er'o ers. .C/ Contin%in# to 'rod%ce n%clear ea'ons be,ond t!e &ini&%& needed "or deterrence increases t!e likeli!ood o" a n%clear accident. .3/ T!e &a+or 'o ers !ave en#a#ed in &an, s&aller8scale &ilitar, o'erations since t!e end o" t!e Second 6orld 6ar9 !ile re"rainin# "ro& a n%clear con"rontation. .E/ It cannot be kno n !et!er it as n%clear deterrence t!at orked9 or so&e ot!er "actor9 s%c! as a reco#nition o" t!e econo&ic val%e o" re&ainin# at 'eace. 1C. A s%rve, o" al%&ni o" t!e class o" 1HGI at A%rora =niversit, ,ielded '%))lin# res%lts. 6!en asked to indicate t!eir acade&ic rank9 !al" o" t!e res'ondents re'orted t!at t!e, ere in t!e to' 0%arter o" t!e #rad%atin# class in 1HGI. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost !el's acco%nt "or t!e a''arent contradiction above.A/ A dis'ro'ortionatel, lar#e n%&ber o" !i#!8rankin# al%&ni res'onded to t!e s%rve,. .1/ $e 9 i" an,9 res'ondents ere &istaken abo%t t!eir class rank. .C/ 2ot all t!e al%&ni !o ere act%all, in t!e to' 0%arter res'onded to t!e s%rve,. .3/ Al&ost all o" t!e al%&ni !o #rad%ated in 1HGI res'onded to t!e s%rve,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5AG

.E/ Acade&ic rank at A%rora =niversit, as based on a n%&ber o" considerations in addition to avera#e #rades. 1@. M: It is al&ost i&'ossible to "ind a 'erson bet een t!e a#es o" B@ an HI !o 'ri&aril, %ses t!e le"t !and. N: Sevent, to ninet, ,ears a#o9 !o ever9 c!ildren ere '%nis!ed "or %sin# t!eir le"t !ands to eat or to rite and ere "orced to %se t!eir ri#!t !ands. Ns res'onse serves to co%nter an, %se b, M o" t!e evidence abo%t B@ to HI ,ear olds in s%''orts o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses.A/ 1ein# born ri#!t8!anded con"ers a s%rvival advanta#e. .1/ Societal attit%des to ard !andedness di""er at di""erent ti&es. .C/ $orcin# a 'erson to s itc! "ro& a 're"erred !and is !ar&less. .3/ :andedness is a 'rod%ct o" bot! #enetic 'redis'osition and social 'ress%res. .E/ F!,sical !abits learned in sc!ool o"ten 'ersist in old a#e. 1G. T!e seventeent!8cent%r, '!,sicist Sir Isaac 2e ton is re&e&bered c!ie"l, "or !is treaties on &otion and #ravit,. 1%t 2e ton also cond%cted e('eri&ents secretl, "or &an, ,ears based on t!e arcane t!eories o" alc!e&,9 tr,in# %ns%ccess"%ll, to trans&%te co&&on &etals into #old and 'rod%ce re+%venatin# eli(irs. I" t!e alc!e&ists o" t!e seventeent! cent%r, !ad '%blis!ed t!e res%lts o" t!eir e('eri&ents9 c!e&istr, in t!e ei#!teent! cent%r, o%ld !ave been &ore advanced t!an it act%all, as. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions o%ld allo t!e concl%sion concernin# ei#!teent!8cent%r, c!e&istr, to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ Scienti"ic 'ro#ress is retarded b, t!e rel%ctance o" !istorians to ackno led#e t!e "ail%res o" so&e o" t!e #reat scientists. .1/ Advances in science are !astened !en re'orts o" e('eri&ents9 !et!er s%ccess"%l or not9 are available "or revie b, ot!er scientists. .C/ 2e tons ork on &otion and #ravit, o%ld not !ave #ained ide acce'tance i" t!e res%lts o" !is ork in alc!e&, !ad also been &ake '%blic. .3/ Increasin# s'eciali)ation it!in t!e sciences &akes it di""ic%lt "or scientists in one "ield to %nderstand t!e 'rinci'les o" ot!er "ields. .E/ T!e seventeent!8cent%r, alc!e&ists co%ld !ave ac!ieved t!eir #oals onl, i" t!eir e('eri&ents !ad been s%b+ected to '%blic scr%tin,. 1A. Sedi&entar, rock !ardens it!in t!e eart!s cr%st as la,ers o" &atter acc%&%late and t!e 'ress%re o" t!e la,ers above converts t!e la,ers belo into rock. 7ne 'artic%lar la,er o" sedi&entar, rock t!at contains an %n%s%al a&o%nt o" t!e ele&ent iridi%& !as been 'resented as s%''ort "or a t!eor, t!at a &eteorite collided it! t!e eart! so&e si(t, &illion ,ears a#o. Meteorites are ric! in iridi%& co&'ared to t!e eart!s cr%st9 and #eolo#ists t!eori)e t!at a &eteorites collision it! t!e eart! raised a !%#e clo%d o" iridi%&8laden d%st. T!e d%st9 t!e,

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5AA

sa,9 event%all, settled to eart! !ere it co&bined it! ot!er &atter9 and as ne la,ers acc%&%lated above it9 it "or&ed a la,er o" iridi%&8ric! rock. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld co%nter t!e clai& t!at t!e iridi%&8ric! la,er described in t!e 'assa#e is evidence "or t!e &eteorite collision t!eor,.A/ T!e !%#e d%st clo%d described in t!e 'assa#e o%ld !ave blocked t!e trans&ission o" s%nli#!t and lo ered t!e eart!s te&'erat%re. .1/ A la,er o" sedi&entar, rock takes &illions o" ,ears to !arden. .C/ La,ers o" sedi&entar, rock are %sed to deter&ine t!e dates o" 're!istoric events !et!er or not t!e, contain iridi%&. .3/ Si(t, &illion ,ears a#o t!ere as a s%r#e in volcanic activit, in !ic! t!e &atter s'e ed "ro& t!e volcanoes "or&ed !%#e iridi%&8ric! d%st clo%ds. .E/ T!e iridi%& de'osit occ%rred at abo%t t!e sa&e ti&e t!at &an, ani&al s'ecies beca&e e(tinct and so&e scientists !ave t!eori)ed t!at &ass dinosa%r e(tinctions ere ca%sed b, a &eteorite collision. 1B. Mar,9 a veterinar, st%dent9 !as been assi#ned an e('eri&ent in &a&&alian '!,siolo#, t!at o%ld re0%ire !er to take a !ealt!,9 anest!eti)ed do# and s%b+ect it to a drastic blood loss in order to observe t!e '!,siolo#ical conse0%ences o" s!ock. T!e do# o%ld neit!er re#ain conscio%sness nor s%rvive t!e e('eri&ent. Mar, decides not to do t!is assi#n&ent. Mar,s decision &ost closel, accords it! !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ All ot!er t!in#s bein# e0%al9 #rat%ito%sl, ca%sin# an, ani&al to s%""er 'ain is %n+%sti"ied. .1/ Takin# t!e li"e o" an ani&al is not +%sti"iable %nless doin# so o%ld i&&ediatel, assist in savin# several ani&al lives or in 'rotectin# t!e !ealt! o" a 'erson. .C/ T!e onl, s%""icient +%sti"ication "or e('eri&entin# on ani&als is t!at "%t%re ani&al s%""erin# is t!ereb, 'revented. .3/ Fracticin# veterinarians !ave a 'ro"essional obli#ation to strive to 'revent t!e %nnecessar, deat! o" an ani&al e(ce't in cases o" severel, ill or in+%red ani&als !ose 'ros'ects "or recover, are di&. .E/ 2o one is ever +%sti"ied in actin# it! t!e sole intention o" ca%sin# t!e deat! o" a livin# t!in#9 be it ani&al or !%&an. 1H. A trees a#e can be deter&ined b, co%ntin# t!e ann%al #ro t! rin#s in its tr%nk. Eac! rin# re'resents one ,ear9 and t!e rin#s t!ickness reveals t!e relative a&o%nt o" rain"all t!at ,ear. Arc!aeolo#ists s%ccess"%ll, %sed ann%al rin#s to deter&ine t!e relative a#es o" ancient to&bs at Fa),r,k. Eac! to&b as constr%cted "ro& "res!l, c%t lo#s9 and t!e to&bs b%ilders ere constrained b, tradition to %se onl, lo#s "ro& trees #ro in# in t!e sacred Fa),r,k 4alle,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to an e('lanation o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5AB

arc!aeolo#ists s%ccess in %sin# ann%al rin#s to establis! t!e relative a#es o" t!e to&bs at t!e Fa),r,k site.A/ T!e Fa),r,k to&bs ere all robbed d%rin# ancient ti&es9 b%t breaka#e o" t!e to&bs seals allo ed t!e see'a#e o" ater9 !ic! soon "ro)e 'er&anentl,9 t!ereb, 'reservin# t!e to&bs re&ainin# arti"acts. .1/ T!e Fa),r,k 4alle,9 s%rro%nded b, e(tre&el, !i#! &o%ntains9 !as a distinctive ,earl, 'attern o" rain"all9 and so trees #ro in# in t!e Fa),r,k 4alle, !ave ann%al rin#s t!at are 0%ite distinct "ro& trees #ro in# in nearb, valle,s. .C/ Eac! lo# in t!e Fa),r,k to&bs !as a&on# its rin#s a distinctive se0%ence o" t elve ann%al rin#s re'resentin# si( dro%#!t ,ears "ollo ed b, t!ree rain, ,ears and t!ree &ore dro%#!t ,ears. .3/ T!e arc!aeolo#ists deter&ined t!at t!e ,o%n#est tree %sed in an, o" t!e to&bs as HI ,ears old and t!at t!e oldest tree as C@I ,ears old. .E/ All o" t!e Fa),r,k to&bs contained c%lt%ral arti"acts t!at can be dated to ro%#!l, 5<II ,ears a#o. 5I. E('erienced #ardeners advise a#ainst 'lantin# sna' 'eas a"ter late A'ril beca%se 'eas do not develo' 'ro'erl, in ar& eat!er. T!is ,ear9 !o ever9 t!e eat!er as %n%s%all, cool into late J%ne9 and t!ere"ore t!e "act t!at t!ese sna' 'eas ere 'lanted in &id8Ma, is %nlikel, to res%lt in cro' "ail%re des'ite t!e e('erts arnin#s. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# dis'la,ed above is &ost closel, 'aralleled in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Accordin# to &an, #ardenin# a%t!orities9 to&atoes s!o%ld not be 'lanted near dill beca%se doin# so is likel, to a""ect t!eir taste adversel,D !o ever9 since t!ese to&atoes ere #ro n near dill and taste "ine9 t!ere is clearl, no reason to 'a, &%c! attention to t!e so8called e('erts advice. .1/ Since A"rican violets do not t!rive in direct s%nli#!t9 it is said t!at in t!is re#ion t!ese 'lants s!o%ld be 'laced in indo s "acin# nort! rat!er t!an so%t!D !o ever9 since t!ese so%t!8"acin# indo s are ell s!aded b, ever#reen trees9 t!e A"rican violets 'laced in t!e& are likel, to #ro satis"actoril,. .C/ 6!ere "lo ers are to be 'lanted %nder s!ade trees9 #ardenin# e('erts o"ten advise %sin# i&'atiens since i&'atiens does ell in conditions o" s!adeD !o ever9 it is %nlikel, to do ell %nder &a'le trees since &a'le tree roots are so near t!e s%r"ace t!at t!e, absorb all available &oist%re. .3/ Most seeds tend to #er&inate at &%c! !i#!er rates !en 'lanted in ar& soil t!an !en 'lanted in cold soilD s'inac! seeds9 !o ever9 are %nlikel, to #er&inate 'ro'erl, i" t!e soil is too ar&9 and t!ere"ore e('erts advise t!at s'inac! s!o%ld be 'lanted earlier t!an &ost ve#etables. .E/ :o%se 'lants #enerall, #ro best in 'ots sli#!tl, lar#er t!an t!eir e(istin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5AH

root s,ste&s9 so t!e %s%al advice is to re'ot !en roots "irst reac! t!e sides o" t!e 'otD t!is r%le s!o%ld no be "ollo ed it! a&ar,llis 'lants9 !o ever9 beca%se t!e, are likel, to do best it! ti#!tl, co&'ressed roots. 51. 6!enever a &a+or 'olitical scandal er%'ts be"ore an election and voters bla&e t!e scandal on all 'arties abo%t e0%all,9 virt%all, all inc%&bents9 "ro& !atever 'art,9 seekin# reelection are ret%rned to o""ice. :o ever9 !en voters bla&e s%c! a scandal on onl, one 'art,9 inc%&bents "ro& t!at 'art, are likel, to be de"eated b, c!allen#ers "ro& ot!er 'arties. T!e 'ro'ortion o" inc%&bents !o seek reelection is !i#! and re&arkabl, constant "ro& election to election. I" t!e voters reactions are #%ided b, a 'rinci'le9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les o%ld best acco%nt "or t!e contrast in reactions described above.A/ 6!enever one inc%&bent is res'onsible "or one &a+or 'olitical scandal and anot!er inc%&bent is res'onsible "or anot!er9 t!e conse0%ences "or t!e t o inc%&bents s!o%ld be t!e sa&e. .1/ 6!en a &a+or 'olitical scandal is bla&ed on inc%&bents "ro& all 'arties9 t!at +%d#&ent is &ore acc%rate t!an an, +%d#&ent t!at inc%&bents "ro& onl, on 'art, are to bla&e. .C/ Inc%&bents !o are ri#!tl, bla&ed "or a &a+or 'olitical scandal s!o%ld not seek reelection9 b%t i" t!e, do9 t!e, s!o%ld not be ret%rned to o""ice. .3/ Ma+or 'olitical scandals can 'racticall, al a,s be bla&ed on inc%&bents9 b%t !et!er t!ose inc%&bents s!o%ld be voted o%t o" o""ice de'ends on !o t!eir c!allen#ers are. .E/ 6!en &a+or 'olitical scandals are less t!e res'onsibilit, o" individ%al inc%&bents t!an o" t!e 'arties to !ic! t!e, belon#9 !atever 'art, as res'onsible &%st be 'enali)ed !en 'ossible. 55. 7nce 'eo'le !abit%all, en#a#ed in conversation: no t!e television co&'etes "or t!eir attention. 6!en t!e television is on9 co&&%nication bet een "a&il, &e&bers sto's. 6!ere t!ere is no co&&%nication9 "a&il, ties beco&e "ra,ed and event%all, sna'. T!ere"ore9 t!e onl, sol%tion is to #et rid o" t!e television. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost closel, 'arallel in its reasonin# to t!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 7nce "riends!i's t!rived on s!ared leis%re ti&e. 1%t conte&'orar, econo&ic 'ress%res &ini&i)e t!e a&o%nt o" "ree ti&e 'eo'le !ave and t!%s +eo'ardi)e &an, "riends!i's. .1/ 7nce 'eo'le listened to t!e radio !ile '%rs%in# ot!er activities. 2o t!e, 'assivel, atc! television. T!ere"ore9 radio as less distractin# "or &ost 'eo'le t!an television is. .C/ 7nce s'orts ent!%siasts re#%larl, en#a#ed in s'orts9 b%t no t!e, atc! s'ectator s'orts !en t!e, co%ld be #ettin# '!,sical e(ercise. 6it!o%t '!,sical e(ercise9 !ealt! deteriorates. T!ere"ore9 t!e onl, re&ed, is to eli&inate s'ectator s'orts. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5BI

.3/ 7nce 'eo'le ere illin# to tailor t!eir da, to t!e constraints o" a b%s or train sc!ed%le: no t!e, are s'oiled b, t!e 'rivate car. T!e onl, sol%tion is "or #overn&ent to o""er "inancial incentives to enco%ra#e t!e %se o" '%blic trans'ortation. .E/ 7nce 'eo'le did t!eir s!o''in# in %rban retail districts9 !ere t!e, co&bined t!eir s!o''in# it! ot!er errands. 2o &an, 'eo'le s!o' in s%b%rban &alls9 !ere t!e, concentrate on s!o''in# e(cl%sivel,. T!ere"ore9 s!o''in# !as beco&e a leis%re ti&e activit,. 5<. In essence9 all rent8control 'olicies involve s'eci",in# a &a(i&%& rent t!at a landlord &a, c!ar#e "or a d ellin#. T!e rationale "or controllin# rents is to 'rotect tenants in sit%ations !ere li&ited s%''l, ill ca%se rents to rise s!ar'l, in t!e "ace o" increased de&and. :o ever9 alt!o%#! rent control &a, !el' so&e tenants in t!e s!ort r%n9 it a""ects t!e rental8!o%sin# &arket adversel, in t!e lon# r%n beca%se landlords beco&e rel%ctant to &aintain t!e 0%alit, o" t!eir e(istin# 'ro'erties and even &ore rel%ctant to !ave additional rental8!o%sin# %nits b%ilt. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains t!e landlords rel%ctance described above.A/ Tenants 're"er lo 80%alit, acco&&odations it! rent control to !i#!80%alit, acco&&odations it!o%t it. .1/ Rent control &akes it ver, di""ic%lt "or landlords to ac!ieve reasonable ret%rns on an, invest&ents in &aintenance or in ne constr%ction. .C/ Rent control is a co&&on 'ractice even t!o%#! it does not!in# to alleviate s!orta#es in rental !o%sin#. .3/ Rent control is #enerall, introd%ced "or 'olitical reasons and it takes 'olitical action to !ave it li"ted a#ain. .E/ Tenants 're"er rent control to t!e alternative o" receivin# direct #overn&ent s%bsidies to ard rents t!e, cannot a""ord. 5C. Certain &inor 'ec%liarities o" lan#%a#e are %sed %nconscio%sl, b, 'oets. I" s%c! 'ec%liarities a''ear in t!e orks o" &ore t!an one 'oet9 t!e, are likel, to re"lect t!e lan#%a#e in co&&on %se d%rin# t!e 'oets ti&e. :o ever9 i" t!e, a''ear in t!e ork o" onl, one 'oet9 t!e, are likel, to be 'ersonal idios,ncrasies. As s%c!9 t!e, can 'rovide a kind o" >"in#er'rint? t!at allo s sc!olars9 b, co&'arin# a 'oe& o" 'revio%sl, %nkno n a%t!ors!i' to t!e ork o" a 'artic%lar kno n 'oet9 to identi", t!e 'oe& as t!e ork o" t!at 'oet. $or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# reasons can t!e test described above never 'rovide concl%sive 'roo" o" t!e a%t!ors!i' o" an, 'oe&.A/ T!e labor o" anal,)in# 'ec%liarities o" lan#%a#e bot! in t!e ork o" a kno n 'oet and in a 'oe& o" %nkno n a%t!ors!i' o%ld not be %ndertaken %nless ot!er evidence alread, s%##ested t!at t!e 'oe& o" %nkno n a%t!ors!i' as ritten b, t!e kno n 'oet. .1/ A 'ec%liarit, o" lan#%a#e t!at &i#!t be %sed as an identi",in# &ark is likel, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5B1

to be idel, scattered in t!e ork o" a 'oet9 so t!at a sin#le 'oe& not kno n to !ave been ritten b, t!at 'oet &i#!t not incl%de t!at 'ec%liarit,. .C/ A 'ec%liarit, o" lan#%a#e in a 'oe& o" %nkno n a%t!ors!i' co%ld be evidence eit!er t!at t!e 'oe& as ritten b, t!e one a%t!or kno n to %se t!at 'ec%liarit, or t!at t!e 'ec%liarit, as not %ni0%e to t!at a%t!or. .3/ Minor 'ec%liarities o" lan#%a#e contrib%te "ar less to t!e literar, e""ect o" an, 'oe& t!an s%c! "actors as 'oetic "or&9 s%b+ect &atter9 and deliberatel, c!osen ordin#. .E/ A 'oets %se o" so&e 'ec%liarities o" lan#%a#e &i#!t !ave been %nconscio%s in so&e 'oe&s and conscio%s in ot!er 'oe&s9 and t!e t o %ses o%ld be indistin#%is!able to sc!olars at a later date. 5@. 1eca%se o" t!e recent trans"or&ation o" t!e &arket. N%ore9 Inc.9 &%st increase 'rod%ctivit,9 1I 'ercent over t!e co%rse o" t!e ne(t t o ,ears9 or it ill certainl, #o bankr%'t. In "act9 !o ever9 N%ores 'rod%ction str%ct%re is s%c! t!at i" a 1I 'ercent 'rod%ctivit, increase is 'ossible9 t!en a 5I 'ercent increase is attainable. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st on t!e basis o" t!e& also be tr%e.A/ It is onl, N%ores 'rod%ction str%ct%re t!at &akes it 'ossible "or N%ore to s%rvive t!e trans"or&ation o" t!e &arket. .1/ N%ore ill not #o bankr%'t i" it ac!ieves a 'rod%ctivit, increase o" 5I 'ercent over t!e ne(t t o ,ears. .C/ I" t!e &arket !ad not been trans"or&ed9 N%ore o%ld !ave re0%ired no 'rod%ctivit, increase in order to avoid bankr%'tc,. .3/ 1eca%se o" t!e trans"or&ation o" t!e &arket9 N%ore ill ac!ieve a 'rod%ctivit, increase o" 1I 'ercent over t!e ne(t t o ,ears. .E/ I" a 5I 'ercent 'rod%ctivit, increase is %nattainable "or N%ore9 t!en it &%st #o bankr%'t. SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Terr,: I" ,o% ant to #et a decent +ob9 ,o% s!o%ld #o to colle#e. Mark: T!at is not tr%e. T!ere are ot!er reasons to #o to colle#e t!an antin# to #et a #ood +ob. Marks res'onse s!o s t!at !e inter'reted Terr,s re&arks to &ean t!at .A/ colle#e is one o" &an, 'laces to #et trained "or a +ob .1/ decent +obs are obtained onl, b, 'ersons !o !ave #one to colle#e .C/ antin# to #et a decent +ob is t!e onl, reason "or #oin# to colle#e .3/ trainin# "or decent +obs is available onl, at colle#es http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5B5

.E/ all 'eo'le !o ant decent +obs #o to colle#e 5. Several st%dies !ave s!o n t!at !os'itals are not all e0%all, s%ccess"%l: 'atients are &%c! &ore likel, to die in so&e o" t!e& t!an in ot!ers. Since t!e !os'itals in t!e st%dies !ad a''ro(i&atel, e0%al 'er8'atient "%ndin#9 di""erences in t!e 0%alit, o" care 'rovided b, !os'ital sta"" are 'robabl, res'onsible "or t!e di""erences in &ortalit, rates. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost do%bt on t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ T!e sta"" in so&e o" t!e !os'itals st%died !ad earned &ore advanced de#rees9 on avera#e9 t!an t!e sta"" in t!e ot!er !os'itals. .1/ Fatient 'o'%lations var, s%bstantiall, in avera#e severit, o" illness "ro& !os'ital to !os'ital. .C/ T!e avera#e n%&ber o" ,ears t!at sta"" &e&bers sta, on at a #iven +ob varies considerabl, "ro& one !os'ital to anot!er. .3/ A''ro(i&atel, t!e sa&e s%r#ical 'roced%res ere 'er"or&ed in eac! o" t!e !os'itals covered in t!e st%dies. .E/ Mortalit, rates "or !os'ital 'atients do not var, considerabl, "ro& one re#ion o" t!e co%ntr, to ant!er. Questions 3-4 T!e =nited States #overn&ent #enerall, tries to 'rotect val%able nat%ral reso%rces. 1%t one reso%rce !as been i#nored "or too lon#. In t!e =nited States9 eac! b%s!el o" corn 'rod%ced &i#!t res%lt in t!e loss o" as &%c! as t o b%s!els o" to'soil. Moreover9 in t!e last 1II ,ears9 t!e to'soil in &an, states9 !ic! once as abo%t "o%rteen inc!es t!ick9 !as been eroded to onl, si( or ei#!t inc!es. 2onet!eless9 "ederal e('endit%res "or nation ide soil conservation 'ro#ra&s !ave re&ained at ridic%lo%sl, lo levels. Total "ederal e('endit%res "or nation ide soil conservation 'ro#ra&s !ave been less t!an t!e allocations o" so&e individ%al states. <. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best e('resses t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Corn is not a cost8e""ective 'rod%ct and s%bstit%tes s!o%ld be "o%nd !ere 'ossible. .1/ A la,er o" to'soil onl, si( to ei#!t inc!es t!ick cannot s%''ort t!e contin%ed c%ltivation o" corn. .C/ Soil conservation is a res'onsibilit, o" t!e "ederal #overn&ent9 not t!e states. .3/ T!e "ederal #overn&ents e('endit%res "or soil conservation in t!e vario%s states !ave been ine0%itable. .E/ T!e "ederal #overn&ent s!o%ld s'end &%c! &ore on soil conservation t!an it !as been s'endin#. C. In statin# t!e ar#%&ent9 t!e a%t!or does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ &akes a detailed statistical 'ro+ection o" "%t%re to'soil loss http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5B<

.1/ &akes a #enerali)ation abo%t total red%ction in to'soil de't! in all states .C/ ass%&es t!at t!e =nited States #overn&ent does not 'lace a !i#! val%e on its nat%ral reso%rces .3/ re"rains "ro& %sin# slanted lan#%a#e concernin# t!e level o" "ederal e('endit%res .E/ co&'ares state e('endit%res it! "ederal e('endit%res @. Ani&als it! a certain be!avioral disorder !ave %n%s%all, !i#! level o" al%&in%& in t!eir brain tiss%e. Since a silicon8based co&'o%nd binds to al%&in%& and 'revents it "ro& a""ectin# t!e brain tiss%e. Ani&als can be c%red o" t!e disorder b, bein# treated it! t!e co&'o%nd. T!e ar#%&ent is based on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Ani&als it! t!e disorder !ave %n%s%all, !i#! b%t invariable levels o" al%&in%& in t!eir brain tiss%e. .1/ Al%&in%& is t!e ca%se o" t!e disorder rat!er t!an &erel, an e""ect o" it. .C/ Introd%cin# t!e co&'o%nd into t!e brain tiss%e !as no side e""ects. .3/ T!e a&o%nt o" t!e co&'o%nd needed to ne%trali)e t!e al%&in%& in an ani&als brain tiss%e varies de'endin# %'on t!e s'ecies. .E/ Al%&in%& is never 'resent in nor&al brain tiss%e. G. As air8breat!in# &a&&als9 !ales &%st once !ave lived on land and needed !ind li&bs ca'able o" s%''ortin# t!e &a&&als ei#!t. 6!ales !ave t!e bare re&nants o" a 'elvis. I" ani&als !ave a 'elvis9 e e('ect t!e& to !ave !ind li&bs. A ne l, discovered "ossili)ed !ale skeleton !as ver, "ra#ile !ind li&bs t!at co%ld not !ave s%''orted t!e ani&als ei#!t on land. T!is skeleton !ad a 'artial 'elvis. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" also tr%e9 o%ld &ost stron#l, s%''ort t!e concl%sion t!at t!e "ra#ile !ind li&bs are re&nants o" li&bs t!at land8d ellin# !ales once !ad.A/ 6!ale bones older t!an t!e "ossili)ed !ind li&bs con"ir& t!at ancient !ales !ad "%ll 'elvises. .1/ 2o skeletons o" ancient !ales it! intact !ind li&bs ca'able o" s%''ortin# t!e &a&&als ei#!t !ave ever been "o%nd. .C/ Scientists are %ncertain !et!er t!e a''arentl, non"%nctionin# li&bs o" ot!er earl, &a&&als derived "ro& once8"%nctionin# li&bs o" t!eir ancestors. .3/ 7t!er lar#e8bodied &a&&als like seals and sea lions &ane%ver on beac!es and rock, coasts it!o%t "%ll, "%nctionin# !ind li&bs. .E/ So&e s&aller sea8d ellin# &a&&als9 s%c! as &odern dol'!ins9 !ave no visible indications o" !ind li&bs. A. T!e stated #oal o" t!e #overn&ents "%ndin# 'ro#ra& "or t!e arts is to enco%ra#e t!e creation o" orks o" artistic e(cellence. Senator 1eton clai&s9 !o ever9 t!at a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5BC

#overn&ent8"%nded art ork can never re"lect t!e inde'endent artistic conscience o" t!e artist beca%se artists9 like an,one else !o acce'ts "inancial s%''ort9 ill inevitabl, tr, to 'lease t!ose !o control t!e distrib%tion o" t!at s%''ort. Senator 1eton concl%des t!at #overn&ent "%ndin# o" t!e arts not onl, is a b%rden on ta('a,ers b%t also cannot lead to t!e creation o" orks o" tr%e artistic e(cellence. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! Senator 1etons ar#%&ent is based.A/ Most ta('a,ers !ave little or no interest in t!e creation o" orks o" tr%e artistic e(cellence. .1/ Govern&ent "%ndin# o" t!e arts is &ore #enero%s t!an ot!er "inancial s%''ort &ost artists receive. .C/ 3istrib%tion o" #overn&ent "%nds "or t!e arts is based on a broad a#ree&ent as to !at constit%tes artistic e(cellence. .3/ 7nce an artist !as 'rod%ced orks o" tr%e artistic e(cellence9 !e or s!e ill never acce't #overn&ent "%ndin#. .E/ A conte&'orar, ork o" art t!at does not re"lect t!e inde'endent artistic conscience o" t!e artist cannot be a ork o" tr%e artistic e(cellence. B. 7lder =nited States a%to&obiles !ave been identi"ied as contrib%tin# dis'ro'ortionatel, to #lobal air 'oll%tion. T!e re0%ire&ent in &an, +%risdictions t!at a%to&obiles 'ass e&ission8control ins'ections !as !ad t!e e""ect o" takin# &an, s%c! a%to&obiles o%t o" service in t!e =nited States9 as t!e, "ail ins'ection and t!eir o ners o't to b%, ne er a%to&obiles. T!%s t!e b%rden o" 'oll%tion s%c! older =nited States a%to&obiles contrib%te to t!e #lobal at&os'!ere ill be #rad%all, red%ced over t!e ne(t decade. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It is i&'ossible to se'arate t!e air o" one co%ntr, or +%risdiction "ro& t!at o" ot!ers. .1/ 6!en a%to&obiles t!at are no ne beco&e older9 t!e, ill9 beca%se o" a desi#n c!an#e9 ca%se less air 'oll%tion t!an older a%to&obiles do no . .C/ T!ere is a t!rivin# &arket "or %sed older =ntied States a%to&obiles t!at are e('orted to re#ions t!at !ave no e&ission8control re#%lations. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" +%risdictions in t!e =nited States re0%irin# a%to&obiles to 'ass e&ission8control ins'ections is no lon#er increasin#. .E/ Even i" all t!e older a%to&obiles in t!e =nited States ere retired "ro& service9 air 'oll%tion "ro& =nited States a%to&obiles co%ld still increase i" t!e total n%&ber o" a%to&obiles in %se s!o%ld increase si#ni"icantl,. H. T!e +o%rnalistic 'ractice o" "abricatin# re&arks a"ter an intervie and 'rintin# t!e& it!in 0%otation &arks9 as i" t!e, ere t!e intervie ees o n ords9 !as been decried as a "or& o" %n"air &isre'resentation. :o ever9 'eo'les act%al s'oken re&arks rarel, conve, t!eir ideas as clearl, as does a distillation o" t!ose http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5B@

ideas cra"ted9 a"ter an intervie 9 b, a skilled riter. T!ere"ore9 since t!is 'ractice avoids t!e &ore serio%s &isre'resentation t!at o%ld occ%r i" 'eo'les e(act ords ere 0%oted b%t t!eir ideas onl, 'artiall, e('ressed9 it is entirel, de"ensible. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 0%estionable tec!ni0%e %sed in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ ans erin# an e(a##erated c!ar#e b, %nder&inin# t!e 'ersonal a%t!orit, o" t!ose !o &ade t!at c!ar#e .1/ clai&in# t!at t!e 'resti#e o" a 'ro"ession 'rovides a&'le #ro%nds "or dis&issin# criticis&s o" t!at 'ro"ession .C/ o""erin# as an ade0%ate de"ense o" a 'ractice an observation t!at discredits onl, one o" several 'ossible alternatives to t!at 'ractice .3/ concl%din# t!at a 'ractice is ri#!t on t!e #ro%nds t!at it is necessar, .E/ %sin# t!e o''onents ad&ission t!at a 'ractice is so&eti&es a''ro'riate as concl%sive 'roo" t!at t!at 'ractice is never ina''ro'riate 1I. T!e re"or&s to i&'rove t!e 0%alit, o" '%blic ed%cation t!at !ave been initiated on t!e 'art o" s%''liers o" '%blic ed%cation !ave been ins%""icient. T!ere"ore9 re"or&s &%st be de&anded b, cons%&ers. Farents s!o%ld be #iven #overn&ent vo%c!ers it! !ic! to 'a, "or t!eir c!ildrens ed%cation and s!o%ld be allo ed to c!oose t!e sc!ools at !ic! t!e vo%c!ers ill be s'ent. To attract st%dents9 acade&icall, %nderac!ievin# sc!ools ill be "orced to i&'rove t!eir acade&ic o""erin#s. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es t!at .A/ in selectin# sc!ools 'arents o%ld tend to 're"er a reasonable level o" acade&ic 0%alit, to #reater s'orts o''ort%nities or &ore convenient location .1/ i&'rove&ent in t!e acade&ic o""erin#s o" sc!ools ill be en"orced b, t!e disci'line o" t!e +ob &arket in !ic! #rad%atin# st%dents co&'ete .C/ t!ere is a sin#le best a, to ed%cate st%dents .3/ c!ildren are able to reco#ni)e !ic! sc!ools are better and o%ld in"l%ence t!eir 'arents decisions .E/ sc!ools o%ld eac! i&'rove all o" t!eir acade&ic o""erin#s and o%ld not tend to s'eciali)e in one 'artic%lar "ield to t!e e(cl%sion o" ot!ers 11. Fro"essor S&it! '%blis!ed a 'a'er ar#%in# t!at a c!e&ical "o%nd in &in%te 0%antities in &ost drinkin# ater !ad an adverse e""ect on t!e !%&an nervo%s s,ste&. E(istin# scienti"ic t!eor, !eld t!at no s%c! e""ect as 'ossible beca%se t!ere as no ne%ral &ec!anis& "or brin#in# it abo%t. Several 'a'ers b, ell8 kno n scientists in t!e "ield "ollo ed9 %nani&o%sl, '%r'ortin# to 'rove Fro"essor S&it! ron#. T!is clearl, s!o s t!at t!e scienti"ic establis!&ent as t!reatened b, Fro"essor S&it!s ork and cons'ired to discredit it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e central "la in t!e ar#%&ent #iven b, t!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#ehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5BG

.A/ T!e a%t!or 'asses over t!e 'ossibilit, t!at Fro"essor S&it! !ad &%c! to #ain s!o%ld Fro"essor S&it!s discover, !ave "o%nd #eneral acce'tance. .1/ T!e a%t!or "ails to &ention !et!er or not Fro"essor S&it! kne t!at t!e e(istence o" t!e alle#ed ne e""ect as inco&'atible it! establis!ed scienti"ic t!eor,. .C/ T!e a%t!or "ails to s!o !, t!e ot!er scientists co%ld not !ave been 'resentin# evidence in order to establis! t!e tr%t! o" t!e &atter. .3/ T!e a%t!or ne#lects to clari", !at !is or !er relations!i' to Fro"essor S&it! is. .E/ T!e a%t!or "ails to indicate !at9 i" an,9 e""ect t!e '%blication o" Fro"essor S&it!s 'a'er !ad on t!e '%blics con"idence in t!e sa"et, o" &ost drinkin# ater. 15. T!e n%&ber o" 2ort! A&erican c!ildren !o are obeseKt!at is9 !o !ave &ore bod, "at t!an do B@ 'ercent o" 2ort! A&erican c!ildren t!eir a#eKis steadil, increasin#9 accordin# to "o%r &a+or st%dies cond%cted over t!e 'ast 1@ ,ears. I" t!e "indin# re'orted above is correct9 it can be 'ro'erl, concl%ded t!at .A/ !en "o%r &a+or st%dies all 'rod%ce si&ilar res%lts9 t!ose st%dies &%st be acc%rate .1/ 2ort! A&erican c!ildren !ave been 'ro#ressivel, less '!,sicall, active over t!e 'ast 1@ ,ears .C/ t!e n%&ber o" 2ort! A&erican c!ildren !o are not obese increased over t!e 'ast 1@ ,ears .3/ over t!e 'ast 1@ ,ears9 t!e n%&ber o" 2ort! A&erican c!ildren !o are %nder ei#!t !as declined .E/ t!e incidence o" obesit, in 2ort! A&erican c!ildren tends to increase as t!e c!ildren #ro older 1<. Econo&ist: Mone,9 no &atter !at its "or& and in al&ost ever, c%lt%re in !ic! it !as been %sed9 derives its val%e "ro& its scarcit,9 !et!er real or 'erceived. Ant!ro'olo#ist: 1%t co rie s!ells "or&ed t!e &a+or c%rrenc, in t!e Solo&on Island econo&, o" t!e M araae9 and %nli&ited n%&bers o" t!ese s!ells as!ed %' dail, on t!e beac!es to !ic! t!e k araae !ad access. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 abo%t t!e M araae9 best serves to resolve t!e a''arentl, con"lictin# 'ositions cited above.A/ 3%rin# "estivals t!e, e(c!an#ed strin#s o" co rie8s!ell &one, it! eac! ot!er as 'art o" a traditional rit%al t!at !onored t!eir elders. .1/ T!e, considered 'or'oise teet! val%able9 and t!ese ere #enerall, t!readed on strin#s to be orn as +e elr,. .C/ T!e s!ells %sed as &one, b, &en ere not al a,s "ro& t!e sa&e s'ecies o" co rie as t!ose %sed as &one, b, o&en.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5BA

.3/ T!e, acce'ted as &one, onl, co rie s!ells t!at ere 'olis!ed and carved b, a nei#!borin# 'eo'le9 and s%c! s!ell 're'aration re0%ired bot! ti&e and skilled labor. .E/ A"ter 6estern traders bro%#!t &one, in t!e "or& o" 'recio%s8&etal coins to t!e Solo&on Islands9 Co rie8s!ell &one, contin%ed to be %sed as one o" t!e &a+or &edia o" e(c!an#e "or bot! #oods and services. 1C. Sc!ool s%'erintendent: It is a sad "act t!at9 %ntil no 9 entr, into t!e acade&icall, best !i#! sc!ool in o%r district !as been restricted to t!e c!ildren o" 'eo'le !o ere ealt!, eno%#! to 'a, t!e !i#! t%ition. Farents !o ere 'revio%sl, denied t!e o'tion o" sendin# t!eir c!ildren to t!is sc!ool no !ave t!is o'tion9 since I a& re'lacin# t!e t%ition re0%ire&ent it! a re0%ire&ent t!at allo s onl, t!ose !o live in t!e nei#!bor!ood o" t!e sc!ool to attend. T!e s%'erintendents clai& abo%t t!e e""ect o" re'lacin# t!e t%ition re0%ire&ent relies on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ t!e residents o" t!e sc!ools nei#!bor!ood tend to be ealt!, .1/ 'eo'le ot!er t!an t!ose ealt!, eno%#! to !ave 'aid t!e old t%ition are able to live in t!e nei#!bor!ood o" t!e sc!ool .C/ 'eo'le less ealt!, t!an t!ose !o ere able to 'a, t!e old t%ition are in t!e &a+orit, in t!e district .3/ t!ere are no !i#! sc!ools in t!e district ot!er t!an t!e one re"erred to b, t!e s%'erintendent .E/ t!ere are &an, 'eo'le not ealt!, eno%#! to !ave 'aid t!e old t%ition !o is! to !ave t!eir c!ildren attend t!e sc!ool 1@. T!e Scor'io Miser it! its s'ecial !i#!8e""icienc, en#ine costs &ore to b%, t!an t!e standard Scor'io s'orts car. At c%rrent "%el 'rices9 a b%,er c!oosin# t!e Miser o%ld !ave to drive it GI9III &iles to &ake %' t!e di""erence in '%rc!ase 'rice t!ro%#! savin#s on "%el. It "ollo s t!at9 i" "%el 'rices "ell9 it o%ld take "e er &iles to reac! t!e break8even 'oint. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents contains an error o" reasonin# si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e tr%e ann%al rate o" earnin#s on an interest8bearin# acco%nt is t!e ann%al rate o" interest less t!e ann%al rate o" in"lation. Conse0%entl,9 i" t!e rate o" in"lation dri's9 t!e rate o" interest can be red%ced b, an e0%al a&o%nt it!o%t t!ere bein# a c!an#e in t!e tr%e rate o" earnin#s. .1/ $or retail "ood stores9 t!e Folar "ree)er9 %nlike t!e Arctic "ree)er9 'rovides a consistent te&'erat%re t!at allo s t!e store to carr, 're&i%& "ro)en "oods. T!%s9 i" electricit, rates "ell9 a lo er vol%&e o" 're&i%&8"ood sales co%ld +%sti", c!oosin# t!e Folar "ree)er. .C/ 6it! t!e Road&aker9 a cre can re'ave a &ile o" deca,ed road in less ti&e t!an it! t!e co&'etin# &odel9 !ic! is9 !o ever9 &%c! less e('ensive. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5BB

Red%ced sta""in# levels &ade 'ossible b, t!e Road&aker event%all, co&'ensate "or its !i#!er 'rice. T!ere"ore9 t!e Road&aker is es'eciall, advanta#eo%s !ere avera#e a#es are lo . .3/ T!e i&'rove strain t!e 2ort!land a''le tree bears "r%it ,o%n#er and lives lon#er t!an t!e standard strain. T!e standard strain does #ro lar#er at &at%rit,9 b%t to allo "or t!is9 standard trees &%st be s'aced "art!er a'art. T!ere"ore9 ne 'lantin#s s!o%ld all be o" t!e i&'roved strain. .E/ Stocks 'a, dividends9 !ic! var, "ro& ,ear to ,ear de'endin# on 'ro"its &ade. 1onds 'a, interest9 !ic! re&ains constant "ro& ,ear to ,ear. T!ere"ore9 since t!e interest earned on bonds does not decrease !en econo&ic conditions decline9 investors interested in a reliable inco&e s!o%ld c!oose bonds. 1G. A''ro(i&atel, A.G &illion o&en !o earn inco&es !ave 'resc!ool8a#e c!ildren9 and a''ro(i&atel, G.C &illion o&en are t!e sole inco&e earners "or t!eir "a&ilies. T!ese "i#%res indicate t!at t!ere are co&'arativel, "e inco&e8 earnin# o&en !o !ave 'resc!ool8a#e c!ildren b%t are not t!e sole inco&e earners "or t!eir "a&ilies. A &a+or "la in t!e reasonin# is t!at it .A/ relies in "i#%res t!at are too i&'recise to s%''ort t!e concl%sion dra n .1/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!ere is little or no overla' bet een t!e t o 'o'%lations o" o&en cited .C/ "ails to indicate !et!er t!e di""erence bet een t!e t o "i#%res cited ill tend to re&ain stable over ti&e .3/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit,9 t!at "a&ilies it! 'resc!ool8a#e c!ildren &i#!t also !ave older c!ildren .E/ 'rovides no in"or&ation on "a&ilies in !ic! &en are t!e sole inco&e earners 1A. 1ein# artic%late !as been e0%ated it! !avin# a lar#e vocab%lar,. Act%all,9 !o ever9 'eo'le it! lar#e vocab%laries !ave no incentive "or9 and tend not to en#a#e in9 t!e kind o" creative lin#%istic sel"8e('ression t!at is re0%ired !en no available ords see& ade0%ate. T!%s a lar#e vocab%lar, is a !indrance to %sin# lan#%a#e in a tr%l, artic%late a,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 6!en 'eo'le are tr%l, artic%late9 t!e, !ave t!e ca'acit, to e('ress t!e&selves in sit%ations in !ic! t!eir vocab%laries see& inade0%ate. .1/ Feo'le !o are able to e('ress t!e&selves creativel, in ne sit%ations !ave little incentive to ac0%ire lar#e vocab%laries. .C/ T!e &ost artic%late 'eo'le are 'eo'le !o !ave lar#e vocab%laries b%t also are able to e('ress t!e&selves creativel, !en t!e sit%ation de&ands it. .3/ In ed%catin# 'eo'le to be &ore artic%late9 it o%ld be "%tile to tr, to increase http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5BH

t!e si)e o" t!eir vocab%laries. .E/ In %n"a&iliar sit%ations9 even 'eo'le it! lar#e 4ocab%laries o"ten do not !ave s'eci"icall, s%itable ords available. Questions 18-19 3r. Sc!illin#: T!ose !o advocate re'lacin# &, co%ntr,s 'rivate !ealt! ins%rance s,ste& it! nationali)ed !ealt! ins%rance beca%se o" t!e risin# costs o" &edical care "ail to consider t!e !i#! !%&an costs t!at cons%&ers 'a, in co%ntries it! nationali)ed ins%rance: access to !i#!8tec!nolo#, &edicine is restricted. Midne, trans'lants and o'en8!eart s%r#er,K"a&iliar li"e8savin# 'roced%resKare rationed. Feo'le are denied t!eir ri#!t to treat&ents t!e, ant and need. 3r. La"orte: *o%r co%ntr,s reliance on 'rivate !ealt! ins%rance denies access even to basic9 conventional &edicine to t!e &an, 'eo'le !o cannot a""ord ade0%ate !ealt! covera#e. 6it! nationali)ed ins%rance9 ric! and 'oor !ave e0%al access to li"e8savin# &edical 'roced%res. And 'eo'les ri#!t to decent &edical treat&ent re#ardless o" inco&e is not violated. 1B. 3r. Sc!illin#s and 3r. La"ortes state&ents 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or !oldin# t!at t!e, o%ld disa#ree abo%t t!e tr%t! o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Feo'les ri#!ts are violated less !en t!e, are denied an available &edical treat&ent t!e, need beca%se t!e, lack t!e &eans to 'a, "or it t!an !en t!e, are denied s%c! treat&ent on nonecono&ic #ro%nds. .1/ 6!ere !ealt! ins%rance is 'rovided b, 'rivate ins%rance co&'anies9 'eo'le !o are ealt!, #enerall, receive better !ealt! care t!an do 'eo'le !o are %nable to a""ord !ealt! ins%rance. .C/ In co%ntries t!at rel, 'ri&aril, on 'rivate !ealt! ins%rance to 'a, "or &edical costs9 &ost 'eo'le !o o%ld bene"it "ro& a kidne, trans'lant receive one. .3/ In co%ntries it! nationali)ed !ealt! ins%rance9 no one !o needs a "a&iliar &edical treat&ent in order to sta, alive is denied t!at treat&ent. .E/ An,one !o ants a 'artic%lar &edical treat&ent !as a ri#!t to receive t!at treat&ent. 1H. In res'ondin# to 3r. Sc!illi!n#9 3r. La"orte e&'lo,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies.A/ s!o in# t!at t!e ob+ections raised b, 3r. Sc!illin# !ave no bearin# on t!e 0%estion o" !ic! o" t!e t o s,ste&s %nder consideration is t!e s%'erior s,ste& .1/ callin# into 0%estion 3r. Sc!illin#s stat%s as an a%t!orit, on t!e iss%e o" !et!er cons%&ers access to &edical treat&ents is restricted in co%ntries it! nationali)ed !ealt! ins%rance .C/ 'rod%cin# co%ntere(a&'les to 3r. Sc!illin#s clai&s t!at nationali)ed !ealt! ins%rance sc!e&es e(tract !i#! !%&an costs "ro& cons%&ers http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5HI

.3/ de&onstratin# t!at 3r. Sc!illin#s reasonin# is 'ers%asive onl, beca%se o" !is a&bi#%o%s %se o" t!e ke, ord >cons%&er? .E/ s!o in# t!at t!e "orce o" 3r. Sc!illin#s criticis& de'ends on constr%in# t!e ke, notion o" access in a 'artic%lar li&ited a, 5I. A certain viral in"ection is ides'read a&on# c!ildren9 and abo%t <I 'ercent o" c!ildren in"ected it! t!e vir%s develo' &iddle ear in"ections. Antibiotics9 alt!o%#! e""ective in treatin# bacterial in"ections9 !ave no e""ect on t!e vir%s. *et !en &iddle ear in"ections in c!ildren in"ected it! t!e vir%s are treated it! antibiotics9 t!e ear in"ections o"ten clear %'. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost !el's to e('lain t!e s%ccess o" t!e treat&ents it! antibiotics.A/ Alt!o%#! so&e t,'es o" antibiotics "ail to clear %' certain in"ections9 ot!er t,'es o" antibiotics &i#!t 'rovide e""ective treat&ent "or t!ose in"ections. .1/ C!ildren in"ected it! t!e vir%s are 'artic%larl, s%sce'tible to bacteria t!at in"ect t!e &iddle ear. .C/ Man, c!ildren !o develo' &iddle ear in"ections are not in"ected it! t!e vir%s. .3/ Most viral in"ections are &ore di""ic%lt to treat t!an are &ost bacterial in"ections. .E/ A&on# c!ildren not in"ected it! t!e vir%s9 "e er t!an <I 'ercent develo' &iddle ear in"ections. 51. 2at%ralist: $or decades e !ave kno n t!at t!e t%atara9 a 2e Qealand re'tile9 !as been a''roac!in# e(tinction on t!e So%t! Island. 1%t since So%t! Island t%atara ere t!o%#!t to be o" t!e sa&e s'ecies as 2ort! Island t%atara t!ere as no need to 'rotect t!e&. 1%t ne researc! indicates t!at t!e So%t! Island t%atara are a distinct s'ecies9 "o%nd onl, in t!at location. 1eca%se it is no kno n t!at i" t!e So%t! Island t%atara are lost an entire s'ecies ill t!ereb, be lost9 !%&an bein#s are no obli#ed to 'revent t!eir e(tinction9 even i" it &eans killin# &an, o" t!eir %nendan#ered nat%ral 'redators. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les &ost !el's to +%sti", t!e nat%ralists ar#%&entation.A/ In order to &a(i&i)e t!e n%&ber o" livin# t!in#s on Eart!9 ste's s!o%ld be taken to 'reserve all local 'o'%lations o" ani&als. .1/ 6!en an ani&al is in dan#er o" d,in#9 t!ere is an obli#ation to !el' save its li"e9 i" doin# so o%ld not inter"ere it! t!e !ealt! or ell8bein# o" ot!er ani&als or 'eo'le. .C/ T!e t!reat o" local e(tinction i&'oses no obli#ation to tr, to 'revent t!at e(tinction9 !ereas t!e t!reat o" #lobal e(tinction does i&'ose s%c! an obli#ation. .3/ :%&an activities t!at eit!er intentionall, or %nintentionall, t!reaten t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5H1

s%rvival o" an ani&al s'ecies o%#!t to be c%rtailed. .E/ S'ecies t!at are "o%nd in onl, one circ%&scribed #eo#ra'!ical re#ion o%#!t to be #iven &ore care and attention t!an are ot!er s'ecies beca%se t!e, are &ore v%lnerable to e(tinction. 55. 2%rsin# sc!ools cannot attract a #reater n%&ber o" able a''licants t!an t!e, c%rrentl, do %nless t!e 'roble&s o" lo a#es and !i#!8stress orkin# conditions in t!e n%rsin# 'ro"ession are solved. I" t!e 'ool o" able a''licants to n%rsin# sc!ool does not increase be,ond t!e c%rrent level9 eit!er t!e 'ro"ession ill !ave to lo er its entrance standards9 or t!ere ill soon be an ac%te s!orta#e o" n%rses. It is not certain9 !o ever9 t!at lo erin# entrance standards ill avert a s!orta#e. It is clear t!at it! eit!er a s!orta#e o" n%rses or lo ered entrance standards o" t!e 'ro"ession9 t!e c%rrent !i#! 0%alit, o" !ealt! care cannot be &aintained. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'ert, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ I" t!e n%rsin# 'ro"ession solves t!e 'roble&s o" lo a#es and !i#!8stress orkin# conditions9 it ill attract able a''licants in #reater n%&bers t!an it c%rrentl, does. .1/ T!e n%rsin# 'ro"ession ill !ave to lo er its entrance standards i" t!e 'ool o" able a''licants to n%rsin# sc!ool does not increase be,ond t!e c%rrent level. .C/ I" t!e n%rsin# 'ro"ession solves t!e 'roble&s o" lo a#es and !i#!8stress orkin# conditions9 !i#! 0%alit, !ealt! care ill be &aintained. .3/ I" t!e n%rsin# 'ro"ession "ails to solve t!e 'roble&s o" lo a#es and !i#!8 stress orkin# conditions9 t!ere ill soon be an ac%te s!orta#e o" n%rses. .E/ T!e c%rrent !i#! 0%alit, o" !ealt! care ill not be &aintained i" t!e 'roble&s o" lo a#es and !i#!8stress orkin# conditions in t!e n%rsin# 'ro"ession are not solved. Questions !3-!4 T!ere are abo%t A@ brands o" &icro ave 'o'corn on t!e &arketD alto#et!er9 t!e, acco%nt "or a little over !al" o" t!e &one, "ro& sales o" &icro ave "ood 'rod%cts. It takes t!ree &in%tes to 'o' corn in t!e &icro ave9 co&'ared to seven &in%tes to 'o' corn conventionall,. *et b, ei#!t9 &icro ave 'o'corn t,'icall, costs over "ive ti&es as &%c! as conventional 'o'corn. J%d#in# b, t!e 'o'%larit, o" &icro ave 'o'corn9 &an, 'eo'le are illin# to 'a, a !i#! 'rice "or +%st a little additional convenience. 5<. I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ 2o sin#le brand o" &icro ave 'o'corn acco%nts "or a lar#e s!are o" &icro ave "ood 'rod%ct sales. .1/ T!ere are &ore brands o" &icro ave 'o'corn on t!e &arket t!an t!ere are o" an, ot!er &icro ave "ood 'rod%ct. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5H5

.C/ 1, vol%&e9 &ore &icro ave 'o'corn is sold t!an is conventional 'o'corn. .3/ More &one, is s'ent on &icro ave "ood 'rod%cts t!at take t!ree &in%tes or less to cook t!an on &icro ave "ood 'rod%cts t!at take lon#er to cook. .E/ 7" t!e total n%&ber o" &icro ave "ood 'rod%cts on t!e &arket9 &ost are &icro ave 'o'corn 'rod%cts. 5C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld call into 0%estion t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ More t!an @I 'ercent o" 'o'corn '%rc!asers b%, conventional 'o'corn rat!er t!an &icro ave 'o'corn. .1/ Most 'eo'le !o 're"er &icro ave 'o'corn do so beca%se it is less "attenin# t!an 'o'corn t!at is 'o''ed conventionall, in oil. .C/ T!e 'rice o" &icro ave 'o'corn re"lects its 'acka#in# &ore t!an it re"lects t!e 0%alit, o" t!e 'o'corn contained in t!e 'acka#e. .3/ T!e ratio o" %n'o''ed kernels to 'o''ed kernels is #enerall, t!e sa&e !et!er 'o'corn is 'o''ed in a &icro ave or conventionall, in oil. .E/ 1eca%se &icro ave 'o'corn contains additives not contained in conventional 'o'corn9 &icro ave 'o'corn ei#!s &ore t!an an e0%al vol%&e o" conventional 'o'corn. 5@. Sit%ation: In t!e island nation o" 1e)%n9 t!e #overn&ent ta(es #asoline !eavil, in order to ind%ce 'eo'le not to drive. It %ses t!e reven%e "ro& t!e #asoline ta( to s%bsidi)e electricit, in order to red%ce 'rices c!ar#ed "or electricit,. Anal,sis: T!e #reater t!e s%ccess ac!ieved in &eetin# t!e "irst o" t!ese ob+ectives9 t!e less ill be t!e s%ccess ac!ieved in &eetin# t!e second. T!e anal,sis 'rovided "or t!e sit%ation above o%ld be &ost a''ro'riate in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# sit%ations.A/ A librar, c!ar#es a late "ee in order to ind%ce borro ers to ret%rn books 'ro&'tl,. T!e librar, %ses reven%e "ro& t!e late "ee to send re&inders to tard, borro ers in order to red%ce t!e incidence o" overd%e books. .1/ A &ail8order store i&'oses a sti"" s%rc!ar#e "or overni#!t deliver, in order to li&it %se o" t!is o'tion. T!e store %ses reven%e "ro& t!e s%rc!ar#e to 'a, t!e e(tra e('enses it inc%rs "or 'rovidin# t!e overni#!t deliver, service. .C/ T!e 'ark &ana#e&ent c!ar#es an ad&ission "ee so t!at a 'arks %sers ill contrib%te to t!e 'arks %'kee'. In order to kee' ad&ission "ees lo 9 t!e &ana#e&ent does &ot "inance an, ne 'ro+ects "ro& t!e&. .3/ A resta%rant adds a service c!ar#e in order to s'are c%sto&ers t!e tro%ble o" individ%al ti's. T!e service c!ar#e is t!en s!ared a&on# t!e resta%rants orkers in order to a%#&ent t!eir lo !o%rl, a#es. .E/ T!e !i#! a, ad&inistration c!ar#es a toll "or crossin# a brid#e in order to #et &otorists to %se ot!er ro%tes. It %ses t!e reven%e "ro& t!at toll to #enerate a reserve "%nd in order to be able one da, to b%ild a ne brid#e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5H<

TEST 5
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

I" ,o% !ave a lar#e a&o%nt o" &one, in t!e bank9 ,o%r s'endin# 'o er is #reat. I" ,o%r s'endin# 'o er is #reat9 ,o% are !a'',. So i" ,o% !ave a lar#e a&o%nt o" &one, in t!e bank9 ,o% are !a'',. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ I" ,o% !ave #ood !ealt!9 ,o% can earn a lot. I" ,o% can earn a lot9 ,o% can b%, an e('ensive !o%se. So i" ,o% !ave #ood !ealt!9 ,o% can !ave a co&"ortable li"e. .1/ I" ,o% drink too &%c! alco!ol9 ,o% ill "eel sick. I" ,o% drink too &%c! alco!ol9 ,o% ill !ave no &one, le"t. So i" ,o% !ave no &one, le"t9 ,o% ill "eel sick. .C/ I" ,o% s i& ener#eticall,9 ,o%r !eart rate increases. I" ,o%r !eart rate increases9 ,o% are overe(cited. So i" ,o% s i& ener#eticall,9 ,o% are overe(cited. .3/ I" ,o% take a #reat deal o" e(ercise9 ,o% are '!,sicall, "it. I" ,o% take a #reat deal o" e(ercise9 ,o% are e(!a%sted. So i" ,o% are '!,sicall, "it9 ,o% are e(!a%sted. .E/ I" ,o% !ave a lar#e a&o%nt o" &one, in t!e bank9 ,o% are con"ident abo%t t!e "%t%re. I" ,o% are o'ti&istic b, nat%re9 ,o% are con"ident abo%t t!e "%t%re. So i" ,o% !ave a lar#e a&o%nt o" &one, in t!e bank9 ,o% are o'ti&istic b, nat%re.

5.

$or a television 'ro#ra& abo%t astrolo#,9 investi#ators ent into t!e street and "o%nd t ent, vol%nteers born %nder t!e si#n o" Ge&ini !o ere illin# to be intervie ed on t!e 'ro#ra& and to take a 'ersonalit, test. T!e test con"ir&ed t!e investi#ators 'ersonal i&'ressions t!at eac! o" t!e vol%nteers as &ore sociable and e(troverted t!an 'eo'le are on avera#e. T!is &odest investi#ation t!%s s%''orts t!e clai& t!at ones astrolo#ical birt! si#n in"l%ence ones 'ersonalit,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 indicates t!e &ost serio%s "la in t!e &et!od %sed b, t!e investi#ators.A/ T!e 'ersonalit, test as not ad&inistrated or scored 'ersonall, b, t!e investi#ators. .1/ Feo'le born %nder astrolo#ical si#ns ot!er t!an Ge&ini !ave been +%d#ed b, astrolo#ers to be &%c! less sociable t!an t!ose born %nder Ge&ini. .C/ T!e 'ersonal i&'ressions t!e investi#ators "irst "or&ed o" ot!er 'eo'le !ave http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5HC

tended to be con"ir&ed b, t!e investi#ators later e('erience o" t!ose 'eo'le. .3/ T!ere is not likel, to be a #reater 'ro'ortion o" 'eo'le born %nder t!e si#n o" Ge&ini on t!e street t!an in t!e 'o'%lation as a !ole. .E/ Feo'le !o are not sociable and e(troverted are not likel, to a#ree to 'artici'ate in s%c! an investi#ation. <. In E%ro'e9 sc!oolc!ildren devote ti&e d%rin# eac! sc!ool da, to calist!enics. 2ort! A&erican sc!ools rarel, o""er a dail, calist!enics 'ro#ra&. Tests 'rove t!at 2ort! A&erican c!ildren are eaker9 slo er9 and s!orter8 inded t!an E%ro'ean c!ildren. 6e &%st concl%de t!at 2ort! A&erican c!ildren can be &ade '!,sicall, "it onl, i" t!e, 'artici'ate in sc!ool calist!enics on a dail, basis. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed in t!e 'assa#e.A/ All c!ildren can be &ade '!,sicall, "it b, dail, calist!enics. .1/ All c!ildren can be &ade e0%all, '!,sicall, "it b, dail, calist!enics. .C/ S%'erior '!,sical "itness 'rod%ces s%'erior !ealt!. .3/ Sc!ool calist!enics are an indis'ensable "actor in E%ro'ean c!ildrens s%'erior '!,sical "itness. .E/ 2ort! A&erican c!ildren can learn to eat a &ore n%tritio%s diet as ell as to e(ercise dail,. C. A ork o" arc!itect%re9 i" it is to be bot! invitin# and "%nctional "or '%blic %se9 &%st be %nobtr%sive9 takin# second 'lace to t!e total environ&ent. Modern arc!itects9 'la#%ed b, e#ois&9 !ave violated t!is 'rece't. T!e, !ave let t!eir stron# 'ersonalities take over t!eir ork9 'rod%cin# b%ildin#s t!at are not "%nctional "or '%blic %se. 6!ic! one o" t!e state&ents belo "ollo s lo#icall, "ro& t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e.A/ =nobtr%sive arc!itect%re is bot! invitin# and "%nctional. .1/ Modern arc!itects !o let t!eir stron# 'ersonalities take over t!eir ork 'rod%ce b%ildin#s t!at are not %nobtr%sive. .C/ An arc!itect it! a stron# 'ersonalit, cannot 'rod%ce b%ildin#s t!at "%nctional ell "or t!e '%blic. .3/ A ork o" arc!itect%re t!at takes second 'lace to t!e environ&ent "%nctions ell "or '%blic %se. .E/ A ork o" arc!itect%re cannot si&%ltaneo%sl, e('ress its arc!itects 'ersonalit, and be "%nctional "or '%blic %se. @. 7bservator, director: So&e sa, t!at "%ndin# t!e &e#atelesco'e ill bene"it onl, t!e astrono&ers !o ill ork it! it. T!is dan#ero%s 'oint o" vie 9 a''lied to t!e ork o" Ma( ell9 2e ton9 or Einstein9 o%ld !ave sti"led t!eir researc! and de'rived t!e orld o" bene"icial a''lications9 s%c! as t!e develo'&ent o" radio9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5H@

t!at "ollo ed "ro& t!at researc!. I" t!e state&ents above are '%t "or ard as an ar#%&ent in "avor o" develo'&ent o" t!e &e#atelesco'e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e stron#est criticis& o" t!at ar#%&ent.A/ It a''eals to t!e a%t!orit, o" e('erts !o cannot !ave kno n all t!e iss%es involved in constr%ction o" t!e &e#atelesco'e. .1/ It does not identi", t!ose o''osed to develo'&ent o" t!e &e#atelesco'e. .C/ It la%nc!es a 'ersonal attack on o''onents o" t!e &e#atelesco'e b, acc%sin# t!e& o" !avin# a dan#ero%s 'oint o" vie . .3/ It does not distin#%is! bet een t!e econo&ic and t!e intellect%al sense o" >bene"it.? .E/ It does not s!o t!at t!e 'ro'osed &e#atelesco'e researc! is ort!, o" co&'arison it! t!at o" e&inent scientists in its 'otential "or a''lications. G. T!e Transit A%t!orit,s 'ro'osal to increase "ares b, CI 'ercent &%st be i&'le&ented. Ad&ittedl,9 t!is "are increase ill i&'ose a !ards!i' on so&e b%s and s%b a, riders. 1%t i" t!e "are is not increased9 service ill !ave to be c%t severel, and t!at o%ld res%lt in an %nacce'tabl, lar#e loss o" riders!i'. T!e 'assa#e e&'lo,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies.A/ It o""ers evidence t!at t!e reco&&ended co%rse o" action o%ld !ave no %ndesirable conse0%ences. .1/ It s!o s t!at a 'ro'onent o" an, alternative 'osition o%ld be "orce into a contradiction. .C/ It arrives at its concl%sion indirectl, b, 'rovidin# reasons "or re+ectin# an alternative co%rse o" action. .3/ It e('lains !, t!e reco&&ended co%rse o" action o%ld not be s%b+ect to t!e ob+ections raised a#ainst t!e alternative. .E/ It +%sti"ies t!e concl%sion b, s!o in# t!at s%c! a co%rse o" action !as 'roven e""ective in t!e 'ast. A. T!ose !o 'artici'ate in local 'olitics incl%de 'eo'le !o are #en%inel, interested in '%blic service and 'eo'le !o are sel"is! o''ort%nists. Ever,one !o 'artici'ates in local 'olitics !as an in"l%ence on t!e co&&%nit,s val%es. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ So&e sel"is! o''ort%nists !ave an in"l%ence on t!e co&&%nit,s val%es. .1/ So&e 'ersons !o are interested in '%blic service do not !ave an in"l%ence on t!e co&&%nit,s val%es. .C/ All t!ose !o !ave an in"l%ence on t!e co&&%nit,s val%es 'artici'ate in local 'olitics. .3/ So&e o" t!ose !o in"l%ence t!e co&&%nit,s val%es neit!er are interested in '%blic service nor are sel"is! o''ort%nists. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5HG

.E/ All t!ose !o !ave an in"l%ence on t!e co&&%nit,s val%es are eit!er interested in '%blic service or are sel"is! o''ort%nists. Questions 8-9 Alt!o%#! nondair, co""ee li#!teners &ade it! cocon%t oil contain 5 #ra&s o" sat%rated "at 'er tables'oon9 or A ti&es &ore t!an does !ole &ilk9 t!ose li#!teners %s%all, contain no c!olesterol. *et one tables'oon o" s%c! li#!teners ca%ses t!e cons%&ers blood c!olesterol to rise to a !i#!er level t!an does an identical a&o%nt o" !ole &ilk9 !ic! contains 5 &illi#ra&s o" c!olesterol 'er tables'oon. B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to an e('lanation o" t!e a''arent discre'anc, noted above.A/ 2%tritionists reco&&end t!at ad%lts cons%&e as little sat%rated "at as 'ossible and no &ore t!an 5@I &illi#ra&s o" c!olesterol a da,. .1/ 7ne #ra& o" sat%rated "at in "ood !as ro%#!l, t!e sa&e e""ect on blood c!olesterol as 5@ &illi#ra&s o" c!olesterol in "ood. .C/ Li#!t crea&9 a dair, 'rod%ct t!at contains @ ti&es &ore c!olesterol t!an does !ole &ilk9 is o"ten c!osen as a li#!tener b, cons%&ers !o nor&all, 're"er !ole &ilk. .3/ Certain nondair, co""ee li#!teners &ade it!o%t cocon%t oil contain less sat%rated "at and less c!olesterol t!an does !ole &ilk. .E/ T!e lo er t!e sat%rated "at content o" dair, 'rod%cts9 t!e less c!olesterol t!e, %s%all, contain. H. Man%"act%rers o" co""ee li#!teners based on cocon%t oil clai& t!at t!eir 'rod%cts %s%all, ca%se t!e t,'ical cons%&ers blood c!olesterol to rise to a lo er level t!an does t!e %se o" !ole &ilk as a li#!teners. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e &an%"act%rers clai&.A/ Cons%&ers o" li#!teners &ade it! cocon%t oil !o avoid ot!er !i#!8 c!olesterol "oods and e(ercise &ore t!an avera#e tend to !ave lo er8t!an8 avera#e blood c!olesterol levels. .1/ Co""ee is "re0%entl, cons%&ed it! 'astries and ot!er ric! desserts t!at t!e&selves res%lt in !i#! blood c!olesterol levels. .C/ 7ne 'o'%lar nondair, co""ee li#!tener t!at is not based on cocon%t oil !as red%ced its "at content b, 5I 'ercent !ile kee'in# its c!olesterol content at )ero. .3/ Cons%&ers t,'icall, add to t!eir co""ee s%bstantiall, s&aller 0%antities o" cocon%t8oil8based li#!teners t!an o" !ole &ilk. .E/ Most cons%&ers are convinced t!at !ole dair, 'rod%cts increase blood c!olesterol and t!at nondair, co""ee li#!teners do not. 1I. Feo'le it! serio%s "inancial 'roble&s are so orried abo%t &one, t!at t!e, cannot be !a'',. T!eir &iser, &akes ever,one close to t!e&K"a&il,9 "riends9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5HA

collea#%esK%n!a'', as ell. 7nl, i" t!eir "inancial 'roble&s are solved can t!e, and t!ose aro%nd t!e& be !a'',. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ 7nl, serio%s 'roble&s &ake 'eo'le %n!a'',. .1/ Feo'le !o solve t!eir serio%s "inancial 'roble&s ill be !a'',. .C/ Feo'le !o do not !ave serio%s "inancial 'roble&s ill be !a'',. .3/ I" 'eo'le are %n!a'',9 t!e, !ave serio%s "inancial 'roble&s. .E/ I" 'eo'le are !a'',9 t!e, do not !ave serio%s "inancial 'roble&s. 11. It is o"ten said t!at 'eo'le s!o%ld be re arded "or doin# a #iven +ob in 'ro'ortion to t!e e""ort it costs t!e& to do it. :o ever9 a little re"lection ill s!o t!at t!is is9 in "act9 a ver, bad idea9 since it o%ld &ean t!at t!ose 'eo'le it! t!e least skill or nat%ral a'tit%de "or a 'artic%lar task o%ld be t!e ones #iven t!e &ost incentive to do it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies is %sed above.A/ statin# a #eneral 'rinci'le and t!en 'resentin# reasons in "avor o" ado'tin# it .1/ 'rovidin# evidence t!at !ere t!e 'rinci'le %nder disc%ssion !as been ado'ted9 t!e res%lts %s%all, !ave been %ndesirable .C/ de&onstratin# t!at a conse0%ence t!at !ad been ass%&ed to "ollo "ro& t!e 'rinci'le %nder consideration need not "ollo "ro& it .3/ atte&'tin# to %nder&ine a #eneral 'rinci'le b, ar#%in# t!at %ndesirable conse0%ences o%ld "ollo "ro& it .E/ s!o in# t!at9 in 'ractice9 t!e 'rinci'le %nder consideration co%ld not be %ni"or&l, a''lied 15. F!otovoltaic 'o er 'lants 'rod%ce electricit, "ro& s%nli#!t. As a res%lt o" astonis!in# recent tec!nolo#ical advances9 t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# electric 'o er at '!otovoltaic 'o er 'lants9 allo in# "or bot! constr%ction and o'eratin# costs9 is one8tent! o" !at it as 5I ,ears a#o9 !ereas t!e corres'ondin# cost "or traditional 'lants9 !ic! b%rn "ossil "%els9 !as increased. T!%s9 '!otovoltaic 'o er 'lants o""er a less e('ensive a''roac! to &eetin# de&and "or electricit, t!an do traditional 'o er 'lants. T!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent is 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ T!e cost o" 'rod%cin# electric 'o er at traditional 'lants !as increased over t!e 'ast 5I ,ears. .1/ T ent, ,ears a#o9 traditional 'o er 'lants ere 'rod%cin# 1I ti&es &ore electric 'o er t!an ere '!otovoltaic 'lants. .C/ 2one o" t!e recent tec!nolo#ical advances in 'rod%cin# electric 'o er at '!otovoltaic 'lants can be a''lied to 'rod%cin# 'o er at traditional 'lants. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5HB

.3/ T ent, ,ears a#o9 t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# electric 'o er at '!otovoltaic 'lants as less t!an 5I ti&es t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# 'o er at traditional 'lants. .E/ T!e cost o" 'rod%cin# electric 'o er at '!otovoltaic 'lants is e('ected to decrease "%rt!er9 !ile t!e cost o" 'rod%cin# 'o er at traditional 'lants is not e('ected to decrease. 1<. I" t!at insect is a bee9 it can onl, stin# once. It onl, did stin# once. So it is a bee. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits a 'attern o" reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ S'rin# is !ere. It !as to be9 beca%se !en it is s'rin#9 I cannot sto' snee)in#D and I +%st snee)ed. .1/ 6!en t!e sk, is clear9 t!e at&os'!eric 'ress%re is !i#!. At t!e &o&ent9 it is clearin# %'9 so t!e at&os'!eric 'ress%re is bo%nd to be !i#! soon. .C/ 7ld and brittle 'aintin#s are al a,s &oved it! e(tre&e care. T!at 'artic%lar 'aintin# is never &oved it! e(tre&e care. So it &%st not be old and brittle. .3/ 7nl, one &ore t!%nderstor& as needed to r%in t!at roo". 1%t t!e roo" as still "ine a &ont! later. T!ere &%st not !ave been an, t!%nderstor& over t!at &ont!. .E/ To s%rvive in t!e ild re0%ires '!,sical sta&ina like Marks. All t!e sa&e9 Marks "ear o" s'iders o%ld 'revent !is s%rvival. 1C. Fa&ela: F!,sicians trainin# "or a &edical s'ecialt, serve as resident sta"" '!,sicians in !os'itals. T!e, ork s%c! lon# !o%rsK%' to <G consec%tive !o%rs Kt!at "ati#%e i&'airs t!eir abilit, to &ake t!e best &edical decisions d%rin# t!e "inal 'ortion o" t!eir s!i"ts. N%inc,: T!o%sands o" '!,sicians no 'racticin# !ave been trained accordin# to t!e sa&e re#i&en9 and records s!o t!e, #enerall, &ade #ood &edical decisions d%rin# t!eir trainin# 'eriods. 6!, s!o%ld !at !as orked in t!e 'ast be c!an#ed no 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e &ost e""ective co%nter Fa&ela &i#!t &ake to N%inc,s ar#%&ent.A/ T!e basic res'onsibilities o" resident sta"" '!,sicians in !os'itals !ave not c!an#ed s%bstantiall, over t!e 'ast "e decades. .1/ 1eca%se &edical rei&b%rse&ent 'olicies no 'a, "or less rec%'eration ti&e in !os'itals9 'atients in !os'itals are9 on t!e avera#e9 &ore serio%sl, ill d%rin# t!eir sta, t!an in t!e 'ast. .C/ It is i&'ortant t!at e&er#enc,8roo& 'atients receive contin%it, o" '!,sician care9 inso"ar as 'ossible9 over t!e critical 'eriod a"ter ad&ission9 #enerall, 5C !o%rs. .3/ T!e load o" ork on resident '!,sicians8in8trainin# varies accordin# to t!e &edical s'ecialt, "or !ic! eac! is bein# trained. .E/ T!e trainin# o" '!,sicians s!o%ld incl%de observation and reco#nition o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

5HH

si#ns indicatin# a !os'itali)ed 'atients 'ro#ress or decline over a 'eriod o" at least <G !o%rs. 1@. 6!en a #ro%' o" c!ildren !o !ave been atc!in# television 'ro#ra&s t!at incl%de acts o" violence is sent to 'la, it! a #ro%' o" c!ildren !o !ave been atc!in# 'ro#ra&s t!at do not incl%de acts o" violence9 t!e c!ildren !o !ave been atc!in# violent 'ro#ra&s co&&it a &%c! #reater n%&ber o" violent acts in t!eir 'la, t!an do t!e c!ildren !o !ave been atc!in# nonviolent 'ro#ra&s. T!ere"ore9 c!ildren at 'la, can be 'revented "ro& co&&ittin# violent acts b, not bein# allo ed to atc! violence on television. T!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Television !as a !ar&"%l e""ect on societ,. .1/ Farents are res'onsible "or t!e acts o" t!eir c!ildren. .C/ 4iolent actions and 'assive observation o" violent actions are not related. .3/ T!ere are no ot!er di""erences bet een t!e t o #ro%'s o" c!ildren t!at &i#!t acco%nt "or t!e di""erence in violent be!avior. .E/ C!ildren !o are treated violentl, ill res'ond it! violence. 1G. It is re'eatedl, clai&ed t!at t!e d%&'in# o" n%clear aste 'oses no t!reat to 'eo'le livin# nearb,. I" t!is clai& co%ld be &ade it! certaint,9 t!ere o%ld be no reason "or not locatin# sites in areas o" dense 'o'%lation. 1%t t!e 'olic, o" d%&'in# n%clear aste onl, in t!e &ore s'arsel, 'o'%lated re#ions indicates9 at t!e ver, least9 so&e &is#ivin# abo%t sa"et, on t!e 'art o" t!ose res'onsible "or 'olic,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Eval%ation 'lans in t!e event o" an accident co%ld not be #%aranteed to ork 'er"ectl, e(ce't !ere t!e 'o'%lation is s&all. .1/ In t!e event o" an accident9 it is certain t!at "e er 'eo'le o%ld be !ar&ed in a s'arsel, 'o'%lated t!an in a densel, 'o'%lated area. .C/ 3%&'in# o" n%clear aste 'oses "e er econo&ic and b%rea%cratic 'roble&s in s'arsel, 'o'%lated t!an in densel, 'o'%lated areas. .3/ T!ere are dan#ers associated it! c!e&ical aste9 and it9 too9 is d%&'ed a a, "ro& areas o" dense 'o'%lation. .E/ =ntil t!ere is no s!red o" do%bt t!at n%clear d%&'s are sa"e9 it &akes sense to sit%ate t!e& !ere t!e, 'ose t!e least t!reat to t!e '%blic. 1A. A societ,s in"ant &ortalit, rate is an acce'ted indicator o" t!at societ,s #eneral !ealt! stat%s. Even t!o%#! in so&e localities in t!e =nited States t!e rate is !i#!er t!an in &an, develo'in# co%ntries9 in t!e =nited States overall t!e rate !as been steadil, declinin#. T!is decline does not necessaril, indicate9 !o ever9 t!at babies in t!e =nited States are no 9 on t!e avera#e9 !ealt!ier at birt! t!an t!e, ere in t!e 'ast.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<II

6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# reasons9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e clai& &ade above abo%t t!e i&'lications o" t!e decline.A/ T!e "i#%re "or in"ant &ortalit, is co&'iled as an overall rate and t!%s &asks de"iciencies in 'artic%lar localities. .1/ Lo birt! ei#!t is a contrib%tin# "actor in &ore t!an !al" o" t!e in"ant deat!s in t!e =nited States. .C/ T!e =nited States !as been develo'in# and !as ac!ieved e(tre&el, so'!isticated tec!nolo#, "or savin# 're&at%re and lo 8birt!8 ei#!t babies9 &ost o" !o& re0%ire e(tended !os'ital sta,s. .3/ In eleven states o" t!e =nited States9 t!e in"ant &ortalit, rate declined last ,ear. .E/ 1abies !o do not receive ade0%ate attention "ro& a care#iver "ail to t!rive and so t!e, #ain ei#!t slo l,. Questions 18-19 Like a n%&ber o" ot!er articles9 Ian Ra#!nalls article relied on a recent s%rve, in !ic! over !al" t!e co%'les a''l,in# "or divorces listed >&one,? as a &a+or 'roble& in t!eir &arria#es. Ra#!nalls concl%sion "ro& t!e s%rve, data is t!at "inancial 'roble&s are t!e &a+or 'roble& in &arria#es and an i&'ortant "actor contrib%tin# to !i#! divorce rate. *et co%'les o"ten e('ress ot!er t,'es o" &arital "r%strations in "inancial ter&s. 3es'ite a''earances9 t!e s%rve, data do not establis! t!at "inancial 'roble&s are t!e &a+or 'roble& in conte&'orar, &arria#es. 1B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# sentences best e('resses t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ $inancial 'roble&s are not an i&'ortant "actor contrib%tin# to t!e divorce rate. .1/ Marital 'roble&s are &ore easil, solved b, &arria#e co%nselors t!an b, &arried co%'les on t!eir o n. .C/ T!e concl%sion dra n in Ra#!nalls article is inade0%atel, +%sti"ied. .3/ 7ver !al" t!e co%'les a''l,in# "or divorces listed &one, as a &a+or 'roble& in t!eir &arria#es. .E/ Man, articles ron#l, clai& t!at "inancial 'roble&s are t!e &a+or "actor contrib%tin# to t!e divorce rate. 1H. In t!e 'assa#e9 t!e a%t!or does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ %nder&ines a concl%sion dra n "ro& statistical data b, o""erin# a s'eci"ic co%ntere(a&'le .1/ %nder&ines a concl%sion dra n "ro& statistical data b, o""erin# an alternative e('lanation "or so&e o" t!e data .C/ %nder&ines a concl%sion dra n "ro& statistical data b, s!o in# t!at one cannot 'rove t!e 'resence o" an e&otion b, %sin# statistical &et!ods http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<I1

.3/ %nder&ines a concl%sion dra n "ro& statistical data b, critici)in# t!e s%rve, "or !ic! t!e data as #at!ered .E/ %nder&ines a concl%sion b, s!o in# t!at co%'les cannot acc%ratel, describe t!eir o n 'roble&s 5I. In 1ra)il9 side8b,8side co&'arisons o" A"ricani)ed !one,bees and t!e native !one,bees !ave s!o n t!at t!e A"ricani)ed bees are "ar s%'erior !one, 'rod%cers. T!ere"ore9 t!ere is no reason to "ear t!at do&estic co&&ercial !one, 'rod%ction ill decline in t!e =nited States i" local !one,bees are dis'laced b, A"ricani)ed !one,bees. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ T!e !one,bees native to 1ra)il are not o" t!e sa&e variet, as t!ose &ost "re0%entl, %sed in t!e co&&ercial beekee'in# ind%str, in t!e =nited States. .1/ Co&&ercial !one, 'rod%ction is "ar &ore co&'licated and e('ensive it! A"ricani)ed !one,bees t!an it is it! t!e &ore docile !one,bees co&&on in t!e =nited States. .C/ I" A"ricani)ed !one,bees re'lace local !one,bees9 certain t,'es o" orna&ental trees ill be less e""ectivel, 'ollinated. .3/ In t!e =nited States a si#ni"icant 'ro'ortion o" t!e co&&ercial !one, s%''l, co&es "ro& !obb, beekee'ers9 &an, o" !o& are likel, to abandon beekee'in# it! t!e in"l%( o" A"ricani)ed bees. .E/ T!e area o" 1ra)il !ere t!e co&'arative st%d, as done is "ar better s%ited to t!e "ora#in# !abits o" t!e A"ricani)ed !one,bees t!an are &ost areas o" t!e =nited States. 51. T!e '%blic is ell a are t!at !i#! blood c!olesterol levels raise t!e risk o" stroke ca%sed b, blood clots. 1%t a recent re'ort concl%des t!at 'eo'le it! lo blood c!olesterol levels are at increased risk o" t!e ot!er let!al t,'e o" strokeKcerebral !e&orr!a#e9 ca%sed !en a brain arter, b%rsts. T!e re'ort s%##ests t!at beca%se blood c!olesterol 'la,s a vital role in &aintainin# cell &e&branes9 lo blood c!olesterol eakens arter, alls9 &akin# t!e& 'rone to r%'t%re. T!e concl%sion t!%s s%''orts a lon#8standin# contention b, Ja'anese researc!ers t!at 6estern diets better 'rotect a#ainst cerebral !e&orr!a#e t!an do non86estern diets. T!e ar#%&ent is based on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 6estern diets are !ealt!ier t!an non86estern diets. .1/ 6estern diets res%lt in !i#!er blood c!olesterol levels t!an do non86estern diets. .C/ :i#! blood c!olesterol levels 'recl%de t!e eakenin# o" arter, alls. .3/ Cerebral !e&orr!a#es are &ore dan#ero%s t!an strokes ca%sed b, blood clots. .E/ Feo'le !o !ave lo blood 'ress%re are at increased risk o" cerebral !e&orr!a#e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<I5

55. F%blic re'orts b, national co&&issions9 #overnors con"erence9 and leaders!i' #ro%'s !ave stressed t!e #reat need "or better %nderstandin# o" international a""airs b, t!e citi)enr,. I" t!e co%ntr, is to re&ain a leadin# nation in an era o" international co&'etitiveness9 t!e need is %ndeniable. I" t!ere is s%c! a need "or t!e citi)enr, to !ave a better %nderstandin# o" international a""airs9 t!en all o" o%r ne teac!ers &%st be 're'ared to teac! t!eir s%b+ect &atter it! an international orientation. I" all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ I" t!e co%ntr, is to re&ain a leadin# nation in an era o" international co&'etitiveness9 t!en ne teac!ers &%st be 're'ared to teac! t!eir s%b+ect &atter it! an international orientation. .1/ I" ne teac!ers are 're'ared to teac! t!eir s%b+ect &atter it! an international orientation9 t!en t!e co%ntr, ill re&ain a leadin# nation in an era o" international co&'etitiveness. .C/ I" t!ere is better %nderstandin# o" international a""airs b, t!e citi)enr,9 t!en t!e co%ntr, ill re&ain a leadin# nation in an era o" international co&'etitiveness. .3/ I" t!e co%ntr, is to re&ain a leadin# nation in an era o" international co&'etitiveness9 t!en t!ere is no need "or t!e citi)enr, to !ave a better %nderstandin# o" international a""airs. .E/ F%blic re'orts "ro& vario%s #ro%'s and co&&issions !ave stressed t!e need "or a &ore international orientation in t!e ed%cation o" teac!ers. 5<. >32A "in#er'rintin#? is a recentl,8introd%ced bioc!e&ical 'roced%re t!at %ses a 'attern derived "ro& a 'ersons #enetic &aterial to &atc! a s%s'ects #enetic &aterial a#ainst t!at o" a s'eci&en "ro& a cri&e scene. Fro'onents !ave clai&ed astrono&icall, !i#! odds a#ainst obtainin# a &atc! b, c!ance alone. T!ese odds are based on an ass%&'tion t!at t!ere is inde'endence bet een t!e di""erent c!aracteristics re'resented b, a sin#le 'attern. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost do%bt on t!e clai& o" t!e 'ro'onents o" 32A "in#er'rintin#.A/ T!e lar#e a&o%nt o" #enetic &aterial t!at 'eo'le s!are it! all ot!er 'eo'le and it! ot!er ani&als is not incl%ded in t!e 32A "in#er'rintin# 'roced%re. .1/ T!ere is #enerall, acce'ted t!eoretical basis "or inter'retin# t!e 'atterns 'rod%ced b, t!e 'roced%re. .C/ In t!e !ole 'o'%lation t!ere are vario%s di""erent s%b#ro%'s9 it!in eac! o" !ic! certain sets o" #enetic c!aracteristics are s!ared. .3/ T!e skill re0%ired o" laborator, tec!nicians 'er"or&in# t!e 32A "in#er'rintin# 'roced%re is not e(traordinar,. .E/ In t!e investi#ation o" certain #enetic diseases9 t!e tec!ni0%es %sed in 32A "in#er'rintin# !ave traced t!e trans&ission o" t!e diseases a&on# t!e livin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<I<

&e&bers o" ver, lar#e "a&ilies. 5C. Ant!ro'olo#ists assert t!at c%lt%res advance onl, !en inde'endence re'laces de'endenceKt!at is9 onl, !en i&'osition b, o%tsiders is re'laced b, initiative "ro& it!in. In ot!er ords9 t!e natives o" a c%lt%re are t!e onl, ones !o can &ove t!at c%lt%re "or ard. 2on8natives &a, 'rovide val%able advice9 b%t an, i&'osition o" t!eir vie s t!reatens inde'endence and t!%s 'ro#ress. I" one looks at individ%al sc!ools as se'arate c%lt%res9 t!ere"ore9 t!e ke, to ed%cational 'ro#ress is obvio%s;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best co&'letes t!e 'assa#e.A/ individ%al sc!ools &%st be inde'endent o" o%tside i&'osition .1/ so&e sc!ools re0%ire &ore inde'endence t!an ot!ers9 de'endin# on t!e initiative o" t!eir sta""s and st%dents .C/ sc!ool s,ste& o""icials &%st tailor t!eir initiatives "or c!an#e to eac! individ%al sc!ool in t!e s,ste& .3/ o%tsiders &%st be 'revented "ro& 'artici'ation in sc!ools e""ort to advance .E/ t!e &ore inde'endent a sc!ool is9 t!e &ore ed%cational 'ro#ress it ill &ake 5@. T!e '%blic in t!e =nited States !as in t!e 'ast been conditioned to s%''ort a s%bstantial de"ense b%d#et b, t!e t!reat o" con"rontation it! t!e Eastern bloc. 2o t!at t!at t!reat is dissolvin#9 alon# it! t!e Eastern bloc itsel"9 it is do%bt"%l !et!er t!e '%blic can be 'ers%aded to s%''ort an ade0%ate de"ense b%d#et. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# indicates a eakness in t!e 'osition e('ressed above.A/ It 'res%''oses t!at '%blic o'inion can be &ani'%lated inde"initel,9 it!o%t t!e '%blics beco&in# a are o" t!at &ani'%lation. .1/ It re"ers to 'ast and 'resent events t!at do not !ave a ca%sal connection it! '%blic s%''ort o" t!e b%d#et. .C/ It ass%&es as "act !at it seeks to establis! b, reasonin#. .3/ It "ails to #ive an, reason "or t!e +%d#&ent it reac!es. .E/ It !in#es on t!e ter& >ade0%ate9? t!e 'recise &eanin# o" !ic! re0%ires reeval%ation in t!e ne conte(t. SECTI72 4I Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!e translator o" 'oetr, &%st reali)e t!at ord8"or8 ord e0%ivalents do not e(ist across lan#%a#es9 an, &ore t!an 'iano so%nds e(ist in t!e violin. T!e violin can9 !o ever9 'la, reco#ni)abl, t!e sa&e &%sic as t!e 'iano9 b%t onl, i" t!e violinist is #%ided b, t!e nat%re and 'ossibilities o" t!e violin as ell as b, t!e ori#inal co&'osition. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<IC

As a''lied to t!e act o" translatin# 'oetr, "ro& one lan#%a#e into anot!er9 t!e analo#, above can best be %nderstood as sa,in# t!at .A/ 'oetr, cannot be e""ectivel, translated beca%se9 %nlike &%sic9 it is co&'osed o" ords it! s'eci"ic &eanin#s .1/ so&e lan#%a#es are in!erentl, &ore &%sical and &ore s%itable to 'oetic co&'osition t!an ot!ers .C/ t!e translator s!o%ld be 'ri&aril, concerned it! re'rod%cin# t!e r!,t!&s and so%nd 'atterns o" t!e ori#inal9 not it! transcribin# its &eanin# e(actl, .3/ t!e translator &%st observe t!e s'irit o" t!e ori#inal and also t!e 0%alities o" e('ression t!at c!aracteri)e t!e lan#%a#e into !ic! t!e ori#inal is translated .E/ 'oetr, is easier to translate i" it "oc%ses on '!iloso'!ical insi#!ts or nat%ral descri'tions rat!er t!an on s%b+ective i&'ressions 5. 1e!ind t!e !o'e t!at co&'%ters can re'lace teac!ers is t!e idea t!at t!e st%dents %nderstandin# o" t!e s%b+ect bein# ta%#!t consists in kno in# "acts and r%les9 t!e +ob o" a teac!er bein# to &ake t!e "acts and r%les e('licit and conve, t!e& to t!e st%dent9 eit!er b, 'ractice drills or b, coac!in#. I" t!at ere indeed t!e a, t!e &ind orks9 t!e teac!er co%ld trans"er "acts and r%les to t!e co&'%ter9 !ic! o%ld re'lace t!e teac!er as drill&aster and coac!. 1%t since %nderstandin# does not consist &erel, o" kno in# "acts and r%les9 b%t o" t!e #ras' o" t!e #eneral conce'ts %nderl,in# t!e&9 t!e !o'e t!at t!e co&'%ter ill event%all, re'lace t!e teac!er is "%nda&entall, &is#%ided. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, %nder&ine t!e a%t!ors concl%sion t!at co&'%ters ill not event%all, be able to re'lace teac!ers.A/ Co&'%ters are as #ood as teac!ers at drillin# st%dents on "acts and r%les. .1/ T!e +ob o" a teac!er is to &ake st%dents %nderstand t!e #eneral conce'ts %nderl,in# s'eci"ic "acts and r%les. .C/ It is 'ossible to 'ro#ra& co&'%ters so t!at t!e, can teac! t!e %nderstandin# o" #eneral conce'ts t!at %nderlie s'eci"ic "acts and r%les. .3/ 1eca%se t!e, are not s%b+ect to !%&an error9 co&'%ters are better t!an teac!ers at conve,in# "acts and r%les. .E/ It is not 'ossible "or st%dents to develo' an %nderstandin# o" t!e conce'ts %nderl,in# "acts and r%les t!ro%#! 'ractice drills and coac!in#. <. I" t!e cit, co%ncil &aintains s'endin# at t!e sa&e level as t!is ,ears9 it can be e('ected to lev, a sales ta( o" 5 'ercent ne(t ,ear. T!%s9 i" t!e co%ncil levies a !i#!er ta(9 it ill be beca%se t!e co%ncil is increasin# its e('endit%re. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits a 'attern o" reasonin# &ost closel, si&ilar to t!at o" t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ I" !o%se8b%ildin# costs are not no risin#9 b%ilders cannot be e('ected to increase t!e 'rices o" !o%ses. T!%s9 i" t!e, decrease t!e 'rices o" !o%ses9 it http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<I@

ill be beca%se t!at action ill enable t!e& to sell a #reater n%&ber o" !o%ses. .1/ I" s!o's is! to red%ce s!o'li"tin#9 t!e, s!o%ld e&'lo, &ore store detectives. T!%s9 i" s!o's do not9 t!e, ill s%""er red%ced 'ro"its beca%se o" t!eir loss "ro& stolen #oods. .C/ I" t!e co&'anies in t!e state do not increase t!eir orkers a#es t!is ,ear9 t!e 'rices t!e, c!ar#e "or t!eir #oods can be e('ected to be t!e sa&e as t!e, ere last ,ear. T!%s9 i" t!e co&'anies do increase 'rices9 it ill be beca%se t!e, !ave increased a#es. .3/ I" airlines is! to &ake 'ro"its t!is ,ear t!at are si&ilar to last ,ears9 t!e, s!o%ld not increase t!eir 'rices t!is ,ear. T!%s9 i" t!e, c!ar#e &ore9 t!e, s!o%ld be e('ected to i&'rove t!eir services. .E/ I" ne s'a'er '%blis!ers is! to '%blis! #ood 'a'ers9 t!e, s!o%ld e&'lo, #ood +o%rnalists. T!%s9 i" t!e, e&'lo, 'oor +o%rnalists9 it ill not be s%r'risin# i" t!eir circ%lation "alls as a res%lt. C. T!e &ind and t!e i&&%ne s,ste& !ave been s!o n to be inti&atel, linked9 and scientists are consistentl, "indin# t!at doin# #ood deeds bene"its ones i&&%ne s,ste&. T!e bone &arro and s'leen9 !ic! 'rod%ce t!e !ite blood cells needed to "i#!t in"ection9 are bot! connected b, ne%ral 'at! a,s to t!e brain. Recent researc! !as s!o n t!at t!e activit, o" t!ese !ite blood cells is sti&%lated b, bene"icial c!e&icals 'rod%ced b, t!e brain as a res%lt o" &a#nani&o%s be!avior. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 s%''ort t!e vie t!at .A/ #ood deeds &%st be based on %nsel"is! &otives .1/ lack o" &a#nani&it, is t!e ca%se o" &ost serio%s illnesses .C/ &a#nani&o%s be!avior can be re#%lated b, t!e 'resence or absence o" certain c!e&icals in t!e brain .3/ &a#nani&it, is bene"icial to ones o n interests .E/ t!e n%&ber o" !ite blood cells ill increase radicall, i" be!avior is consistentl, &a#nani&o%s @. T!e !i#! cost o" 'rod%ctions is severel, li&itin# !ic! o'eras are available to t!e '%blic. T!ese costs necessitate reliance on lar#e cor'orate s'onsors9 !o in ret%rn de&and t!at onl, t!e &ost "a&o%s o'eras be 'rod%ced. 3eter&inin# !ic! o'eras ill be 'rod%ced s!o%ld rest onl, it! ticket '%rc!asers at t!e bo( o""ice9 not it! lar#e cor'orate s'onsors. I" e red%ce 'rod%ction b%d#ets so t!at o'eras can be s%''orted e(cl%sivel, b, bo(8o""ice recei'ts and donations "ro& individ%als9 t!en t!e '%blic ill be able to see less "a&o%s o'eras. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ A "e ticket '%rc!asers #o to t!e o'era "or t!e sake o" #oin# to t!e o'era9 not to see s'eci"ic o'eratic 'rod%ctions. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<IG

.1/ T!e red%ction o" o'era 'rod%ction b%d#ets o%ld not red%ce t!e desire o" lar#e cor'orate s'onsors to s%''ort o'eras. .C/ 6it!o%t t!e s%''ort o" lar#e cor'orate s'onsors9 o'era co&'anies co%ld not a""ord to 'rod%ce an, b%t t!e &ost "a&o%s o" o'eras. .3/ Lar#e cor'orate s'onsors ill sto' s%''ortin# o'era 'rod%ctions i" t!e, are denied control over !ic! o'eras ill be 'rod%ced. .E/ T!e co&bination o" individ%al donations and bo(8o""ice recei'ts cannot &atc! t!e a&o%nts o" &one, obtained t!ro%#! s'onsors!i' b, lar#e cor'orations. G. 6!en &ac!ines are invented and tec!nolo#ies are develo'ed9 t!e, alter t!e ran#e o" c!oices o'en to %s. T!e clock9 "or e(a&'le9 &ade 'ossible t!e s,nc!roni)ation o" !%&an a""airs9 !ic! res%lted in an increase in 'rod%ctivit,. At t!e sa&e ti&e t!at t!e clock o'ened %' so&e aven%es9 it closed ot!ers. It !as beco&e !arder and !arder to live e(ce't b, t!e clock9 so t!at no 'eo'le !ave no c!oice in t!e &atter at all. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'ro'ositions is best ill%strated b, t!e e(a&'le 'resented in t!e 'assa#e.A/ 2e &ac!ines and tec!nolo#ies can enslave as ell as liberate %s. .1/ Feo'le s!o%ld &ake a concerted e""ort to "ree t!e&selves "ro& t!e clock. .C/ So&e ne &ac!ines and tec!nolo#ies brin# %s i&'rove&ent to o%r lives. .3/ T!e increase in 'rod%ctivit, as not ort! o%r de'endence on t!e clock. .E/ Most ne &ac!ines and tec!nolo#ies &ake o%r lives s,nc!roni)ed and 'rod%ctive. A. To beco&e an e('ert on a &%sical instr%&ent9 a 'erson &%st 'ractice. I" 'eo'le 'ractice a &%sical instr%&ent "or t!ree !o%rs eac! da,9 t!e, ill event%all, beco&e e('erts on t!at instr%&ent. T!ere"ore9 i" a 'erson is an e('ert on a &%sical instr%&ent9 t!at 'erson &%st !ave 'racticed "or at least t!ree !o%rs eac! da,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes a "la in t!e reasonin# above.A/ T!e concl%sion "ails to take into acco%nt t!at 'eo'le !o 'ractice "or t!ree !o%rs ever, da, &i#!t not ,et !ave reac!ed a de#ree o" 'ro"icienc, t!at ever,one o%ld consider e('ert. .1/ T!e concl%sion "ails to take into acco%nt t!at 'racticin# "or less t!an t!ree !o%rs eac! da, &a, be eno%#! "or so&e 'eo'le to beco&e e('erts. .C/ T!e concl%sion "ails to take into acco%nt t!at i" a 'erson !as not 'racticed "or at least t!ree !o%rs a da,9 t!e 'erson !as not beco&e an e('ert. .3/ T!e concl%sion "ails to take into acco%nt t!at t!ree consec%tive !o%rs o" dail, 'ractice is not reco&&ended b, all &%sic teac!ers. .E/ T!e concl%sion "ails to take into acco%nt t!at "e 'eo'le !ave t!e s'are ti&e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<IA

necessar, to devote t!ree !o%rs dail, to 'ractice. B. 7n t!e basis o" incontestable 'roo" t!at car sa"et, seats ill #reatl, red%ce t!e n%&ber o" serio%s in+%ries s%stained b, c!ildren in car accidents9 la s !ave been 'assed &andatin# t!e %se o" t!ese seats. =ne('ectedl,9 it !as since been "o%nd t!at a lar#e n%&ber o" c!ildren !o are ridin# in sa"et, seats contin%e to receive serio%s in+%ries t!at sa"et, seats ere s'eci"icall, desi#ned to avoid9 and in t!e 'revention o" !ic! t!e, in "act !ave 'roven to be e""ective. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 co%ld b, itsel" ade0%atel, e('lain t!e %ne('ected "indin# re'orted in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Man, 'arents are de",in# t!e la b, not %sin# sa"et, seats "or t!eir c!ildren. .1/ C!ildren are &ore likel, to &ake a%to&obile tri's no t!an t!e, ere be"ore t!e introd%ction o" t!e sa"et, seat. .C/ T!e !i#! cost o" c!ild sa"et, seats !as ca%sed &an, 'arents to dela, '%rc!asin# t!e&. .3/ T!e car sa"et, seat as not desi#ned to 'revent all t,'es o" in+%ries9 so it is not s%r'risin# t!at so&e in+%ries are s%stained. .E/ T!e 'rotection a""orded b, c!ild sa"et, seats de'ends on t!eir bein# %sed 'ro'erl,9 !ic! &an, 'arents "ail to do. H. An eas, illin#ness to tell "%nn, stories or +okes abo%t onesel" is t!e s%rest &ark o" s%'re&e sel"8con"idence. T!is illin#ness9 o"ten not ac0%ired %ntil late in li"e9 is even &ore revealin# t!an is #ood8nat%red ac0%iescence in !avin# ot!ers 'oke "%n at one. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in"erence is &ost s%''orted b, t!e state&ents above.A/ A 'erson !o lacks sel"8con"idence ill en+o, neit!er tellin# nor !earin# "%nn, stories abo%t !i&sel" or !ersel". .1/ Feo'le it! !i#! sel"8con"idence do not tell "%nn, stories or +okes abo%t ot!ers. .C/ :i#!l, sel"8con"ident 'eo'le tell "%nn, stories and +okes in order to let t!eir a%dience kno t!at t!e, are sel"8con"ident. .3/ Most 'eo'le o%ld rat!er tell a "%nn, stor, or +oke t!an listen to one bein# told. .E/ Tellin# "%nn, stories or +okes abo%t 'eo'le in t!eir 'resence is a a, o" e('ressin# ones res'ect "or t!e&. Questions 10-11 2at%re constantl, ad+%sts t!e at&os'!eric carbon level. An increase in t!e level ca%ses t!e at&os'!ere to !old &ore !eat9 !ic! ca%ses &ore ater to eva'orate "ro& t!e oceans9 !ic! ca%ses increased rain. Rain as!es so&e carbon "ro& t!e air into t!e oceans9 !ere it event%all, beco&es 'art o" t!e seabed. A decrease in at&os'!eric carbon ca%ses t!e at&os'!ere to !old less !eat9 !ic! ca%ses decreased eva'oration http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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"ro& t!e oceans9 !ic! ca%ses less rain9 and t!%s less carbon is as!ed into t!e oceans. *et so&e environ&entalists orr, t!at b%rnin# "ossil "%els &a, raise at&os'!eric carbon to a dan#ero%s level. It is tr%e t!at a s%stained increase o%ld t!reaten !%&an li"e. 1%t t!e environ&entalists s!o%ld rela(Knat%re ill contin%all, ad+%st t!e carbon level. 1I. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e EECEFT: .A/ A decrease in t!e level o" at&os'!eric !eat ca%ses a decrease in t!e a&o%nt o" carbon t!at rain as!es into t!e oceans "ro& t!e air. .1/ An increase in t!e level o" carbon in t!e at&os'!ere ca%ses increased eva'oration o" ocean ater. .C/ An increase in t!e level o" at&os'!eric !eat ca%ses increased rain"all. .3/ A decrease in t!e level o" carbon in t!e at&os'!ere ca%ses decreased eva'oration o" ocean ater. .E/ A decrease in t!e level o" at&os'!eric !eat ca%ses a decrease in t!e level o" carbon in t!e at&os'!ere. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Flant li"e cannot s%rvive it!o%t at&os'!eric carbon. .1/ It is not clear t!at breat!in# e(cess carbon in t!e at&os'!ere ill !ave a ne#ative e""ect on !%&an li"e. .C/ Carbon is 'art o" t!e c!e&ical >blanket? t!at kee's t!e Eart! ar& eno%#! to s%stain !%&an li"e. .3/ 1reat!in# b, ani&als releases al&ost <I ti&es as &%c! carbon as does t!e b%rnin# o" "ossil "%els. .E/ T!e nat%ral ad+%st&ent 'rocess9 !ic! occ%rs over &illions o" ,ears9 allo s ide "l%ct%ations in t!e carbon level in t!e s!ort ter&. 15. T!e &ore television c!ildren atc!9 t!e less co&'etent t!e, are in &at!e&atical kno led#e. More t!an a t!ird o" c!ildren in t!e =nited States atc! television "or &ore t!an "ive !o%rs a da,D in So%t! Morea t!e "i#%re is onl, A 'ercent. 1%t !ereas less t!an 1@ 'ercent o" c!ildren in t!e =nited States %nderstand advanced &eas%re&ent and #eo&etric conce't9 CI 'ercent o" So%t! Morea c!ildren are co&'etent in t!ese areas. T!ere"ore9 i" =ntied States c!ildren are to do ell in &at!e&atics9 t!e, &%st atc! less television. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion %'on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ C!ildren in t!e =nited States are less interested in advanced &eas%re&ent and #eo&etric conce'ts t!an are So%t! Morea c!ildren. .1/ So%t! Morea c!ildren are &ore disci'lined abo%t doin# sc!ool ork t!an are c!ildren in t!e =nited States.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<IH

.C/ C!ildren !o ant to do ell in advanced &eas%re&ent and #eo&etr, ill atc! less t!an television. .3/ A c!ilds abilit, in advanced &eas%re&ent and #eo&etr, increases i" !e or s!e atc!es less t!an one !o%r o" television a da,. .E/ T!e instr%ction in advanced &eas%re&ent and #eo&etric conce'ts available to c!ildren in t!e =nited States in not s%bstantiall, orse t!an t!at available to So%t! Morea c!ildren. Questions 13-14 T!e onl, a, t!at bookstores can 'ro"itabl, sell books at belo 8&arket 'rices is to #et t!e books at a disco%nt "ro& '%blis!ers. =nless bookstores #enerate a !i#! sales vol%&e9 !o ever9 t!e, cannot #et disco%nts "ro& '%blis!ers. To #enerate s%c! vol%&e9 bookstores &%st eit!er cater to &ass tastes or !ave e(cl%sive access to a lar#e s'eciali)ed &arket9 s%c! as &edical &arket9 or bot!. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ I" a bookstore receives disco%nts "ro& '%blis!ers9 it ill 'ro"itabl, sell books at belo 8&arket 'rices. .1/ A bookstore t!at caters to &ass tastes or !as e(cl%sive access to a lar#e s'eciali)ed &arket ill !ave a !i#! sales vol%&e. .C/ A bookstore t!at 'ro"itabl, sells books at belo 8&arket 'rices #ets disco%nts "ro& '%blis!ers. .3/ A bookstore t!at does not sell books at belo 8&arket 'rices does not #et disco%nts "ro& '%blis!ers. .E/ A bookstore t!at not onl, caters to &ass tastes b%t also !as e(cl%sive access to a lar#e s'eciali)ed &arket cannot 'ro"itabl, sell books at belo 8&arket 'rices. 1C. I" all state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e and i" it is also tr%e t!at a bookstore does not cater to &ass tastes9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# CA227T be tr%e.A/ T!e bookstore 'ro"itabl, sells so&e o" its books at belo 8&arket 'rices. .1/ T!e bookstore does not 'ro"itabl, sell an, o" its books at belo 8&arket 'rices. .C/ Eit!er t!e bookstore !as e(cl%sive access to a lar#e s'eciali)ed &arket or else it does not #et a disco%nt "ro& an, '%blis!ers. .3/ T!e bookstore does not !ave e(cl%sive access to a lar#e s'eciali)ed &arket b%t 'ro"itabl, sells so&e o" its books at belo 8&arket 'rices. .E/ T!e bookstore does not !ave e(cl%sive access to a lar#e s'eciali)ed &arket9 nor does it #et a disco%nt "ro& an, '%blis!ers. 1@. E(tinction is t!e a, o" nat%re. Scientists esti&ate t!at over !al" o" t!e s'ecies t!at !ave ever co&e into e(istence on t!is 'lanet ere alread, e(tinct be"ore !%&ans develo'ed even t!e &ost 'ri&itive o" tools. T!is constant nat%ral 'rocess http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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o" s'ecies e&er#ence and e(tinction9 !o ever9 is i#nored b, t!ose !o is! to trace t!e bla&e "or &ore recent e(tinctions to !%&anit,s %se o" tec!nolo#,9 it! its conse0%ent e""ects on t!e environ&ent. T!ese 'eo'le &%st be &ade to %nderstand t!at t!e s'ecies t!at !ave beco&e e(tinct in &odern ti&es o%ld !ave beco&e e(tinct b, no even i" !%&ans !ad never ac0%ired tec!nolo#,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# identi"ies a reasonin# error in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e a%t!or &istakenl, ass%&es t!at tec!nolo#, !as not ca%sed an, !ar& to t!e environ&ent. .1/ T!e a%t!or i#nores t!e "act t!at so&e s'ecies t!at are not ,et e(tinct are in dan#er o" e(tinction. .C/ T!e a%t!or "ails to consider t!at t!ere are 'robabl, s'ecies in e(istence t!at !ave not ,et been identi"ied and st%died b, scientists. .3/ T!e a%t!or cites scientists !o s%''ort t!e t!eor, t!at over !al" o" all s'ecies t!at ever e(isted !ave beco&e e(tinct9 b%t "ails to &ention an, scientists !o do not s%''ort t!at t!eor,. .E/ T!e a%t!or 'rovides no s'eci"ic evidence t!at t!e s'ecies t!at !ave beco&e e(tinct in &odern ti&es are t!e sa&e s'ecies t!at o%ld !ave beco&e e(tinct in t!e absence o" !%&an tec!nolo#,. 1G. T!e '%blic is a are o" t!e 'ossibilit, o" biases in t!e &ass &edia and distr%sts t!e &edia as too 'o er"%l. T!e bod, o" in"or&ation a#ainst !ic! t!e '%blic eval%ates t!e 'la%sibilit, o" eac! ne &edia re'ort co&es9 !o ever9 "ro& !at t!e '%blic !as !eard o" t!ro%#! t!e &ass &edia. I" t!e vie above is correct9 it 'rovides a reason "or acce'tin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ I" t!ere is a 'ervasive bias in t!e 'resentation o" ne s b, t!e &ass &edia9 it o%ld be !ard "or t!e '%blic to discern t!at bias. .1/ T!e &ass &edia tailor t!eir re'orts to con"ir& to a s'eci"ic 'olitical a#enda. .C/ T!e biases t!at ne s &edia i&'ose on re'ortin# tend not to be conscio%s distortions b%t rat!er 'art o" a sense t!e, s!are abo%t !at is interestin# and believable. .3/ 2e s re'orters and t!eir '%blic !old lar#el, t!e sa&e vie s abo%t !at is &ost i&'ortant in societ,9 beca%se ne s re'orters co&e o%t o" t!at societ,. .E/ 6!en a ne s event occ%rs t!at contradicts a stereot,'e "or&erl, incor'orated into re'ortin# b, t!e &ass &edia9 t!e '%blic is 'redis'osed to believe re'orts o" t!e event. 1A. In a b%rea%crac,9 all decisions are arrived at b, a 'rocess t!at involves &an, 'eo'le. T!ere is no one 'erson !o !as t!e a%t!orit, to decide !et!er a 'ro+ect ill 'rocess or not. As a conse0%ence9 in b%rea%cracies9 risk, 'ro+ects are never %ndertaken. T!e concl%sion "ollo s lo#icall, "ro& t!e 're&ises i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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is ass%&ed.A/ All 'ro+ects in a b%rea%crac, re0%ire risk. .1/ 3ecisive individ%als c!oose not to ork in a b%rea%crac,. .C/ An individ%al !o !as decision8&akin# 'o er ill take risks. .3/ T!e onl, risk, 'ro+ects %ndertaken are t!ose "or !ic! a sin#le individ%al !as decision8&akin# 'o er. .E/ Feo'le so&eti&es take risks as individ%als t!at t!e, o%ld not take as 'art o" a #ro%'. 1B. >F!,sicalists? e('ect t!at %lti&atel, all &ental "%nctions ill be e('lainable in ne%robiolo#ical ter&s. Ac!ievin# t!is #oal re0%ires kno led#e o" !o ne%rons and t!eir basic "%nctions9 a kno led#e o" !o ne%rons interact9 and a delineation o" t!e 's,c!olo#ical "ac%lties to be e('lained. At 'resent9 t!ere is a s%bstantial a&o%nt o" "%nda&ental kno led#e abo%t t!e basic "%nctions o" ne%rons9 and t!e sco'e and c!aracter o" s%c! 's,c!olo#ical ca'acities as vis%al 'erce'tion and &e&or, are ell %nderstood. T!%s9 as t!e '!,sicalists clai&9 &ental "%nctions are bo%nd to receive e('lanations in ne%robiolo#ical ter&s in t!e near "%t%re. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# indicates an error in t!e reasonin# in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e concl%sion contradicts t!e clai& o" t!e '!,sicalists. .1/ T!e 'assa#e "ails to describe e(actl, !at is c%rrentl, kno n abo%t t!e basic "%nctions o" ne%rons. .C/ T!e ord >ne%robiolo#ical? is %sed as t!o%#! it !ad t!e sa&e &eanin# as t!e ord >&ental.? .3/ T!e ar#%&ent does not indicate !et!er it o%ld be %se"%l to e('lain &ental "%nctions in ne%robiolo#ical ter&s. .E/ T!e 'assa#e does not indicate t!at an, kno led#e !as been ac!ieved abo%t !o ne%rons interact. 1H. 1eca%se a lar#e dis'arit, in 'a, bet een t!e '%blic and 'rivate sectors !as develo'ed in recent ,ears9 &an, e('erienced and e(tre&el, ca'able #overn&ent ad&inistrators !ave 0%it t!eir 'osts and taken 'ositions in 'rivate8sector &ana#e&ent. Govern&ent ill be able to reca't%re t!ese ca'able ad&inistrators b, raisin# salaries to a level co&'arable to t!ose o" t!e 'rivate sector. In t!at a,9 t!e "%nctionin# o" '%blic a#encies ill be i&'roved. T!e 'osition taken above 'res%''oses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ E('erience #ained "ro& 'rivate8sector &ana#e&ent ill be ver, val%able in #overn&ent ad&inistration. .1/ T!e &ost i&'ortant "actor deter&inin# !o ell #overn&ent a#encies "%nction is t!e a&o%nt o" e('erience t!e ad&inistrators !ave. .C/ =nless #overn&ent action is taken9 t!e dis'arit, in 'a, bet een #overn&ent ad&inistration and 'rivate8sector &ana#e&ent ill contin%e to increase.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<15

.3/ Feo'le !o &oved "ro& +obs in #overn&ent ad&inistration to 'rivate8sector &ana#e&ent o%ld c!oose to c!an#e careers a#ain. .E/ I" t!e dis'arit, in 'a, bet een #overn&ent ad&inistration and 'rivate8sector &ana#e&ent increases9 ad&inistrators ill &ove to t!e '%blic sector in lar#e n%&bers. 5I. Folitician: :o&elessness is a serio%s social 'roble&9 b%t "%rt!er #overn&ent s'endin# to 'rovide lo 8inco&e !o%sin# is not t!e c%re "or !o&elessness. T!e &ost c%rsor, #lance at t!e real8estate section o" an, &a+or ne s'a'er is eno%#! to s!o t!at t!ere is no lack o" !o%sin# %nits available to rent. So t!e "re0%ent clai& t!at 'eo'le are !o&eless beca%se o" a lack o" available !o%sin# is ron#. T!at !o&elessness is a serio%s social 'roble& "i#%res in t!e ar#%&ent in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# a,s.A/ It s%##ests an alternative 'ros'ective to t!e one ado'ted in t!e ar#%&ent. .1/ It sets o%t a 'roble& t!e ar#%&ent is desi#ned to resolve. .C/ It is co&'atible eit!er it! acce'tin# t!e concl%sion or it! den,in# it. .3/ It s%&&ari)es a 'osition t!e ar#%&ent as a !ole is directed to ard discreditin#. .E/ It is re0%ired in order to establis! t!e concl%sion. 51. Leona: I" t!e avera#e cons%&'tion o" e##s in t!e =nited States ere c%t in !al"9 an esti&ated @9III lives &i#!t be saved eac! ,ear. T!o&as: :o can t!at be- T!at o%ld &ean t!at i" 'eo'le ado't t!is sin#le c!an#e in diet "or ten ,ears9 t!e 'o'%lation ten ,ears "ro& no ill be #reater b, @I9III 'eo'le t!an it ot!er ise o%ld !ave been. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a state&ent t!at Leona co%ld o""er T!o&as to clari", !er o n clai& and to address t!e 'oint !e !as &ade.A/ It is 'ossible "or t!e 'o'%lation to #ro b, @9III 'eo'le "or ever, ,ear i" t!e base ,ear c!osen "or '%r'oses o" co&'arison is one it! %n%s%all, lo 'o'%lation #ro t!. .1/ It is acc%rate to sa, t!at @9III lives !ave been saved as lon# as @9III 'eo'le !o o%ld !ave died in a #iven ,ear as a res%lt o" not c!an#in# t!eir diet9 did not do so8even i" t!e, died "or so&e ot!er reason. .C/ I" e## cons%&'tion ere red%ced b, &ore t!an !al"9 t!e esti&ated n%&ber o" lives saved eac! ,ear co%ld be even &ore t!an @9III. .3/ T!e act%al rate o" 'o'%lation #ro t! de'ends not onl, on t!e birt! rate9 b%t also on c!an#es in li"e e('ectanc,. .E/ $or t!e avera#e cons%&'tion o" e##s to be c%t b, !al"9 &an, individ%al cons%&ers o%ld !ave to c%t t!eir o n cons%&'tion b, &%c! &ore t!an !al". 55. T!e =nited States $ood and 3r%# Ad&inistration .$3A/ re#%lates t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<1<

introd%ction o" ne t!era'e%tic a#ents into t!e &arket'lace. Conse0%entl,9 it 'la,s a critical role in i&'rovin# !ealt! care in t!e =nited States. 6!ile it is t!ose in t!e acade&ic and #overn&ent researc! co&&%nities !o en#a#e in t!e lon# 'rocess o" initial discover, and clinical testin# o" ne t!era'e%tic a#ents9 it is t!e $3As role and res'onsibilit, to "acilitate t!e trans"er o" ne discoveries "ro& t!e laborator, to t!e &arket'lace. 7nl, a"ter t!e trans"er can i&'ortant ne t!era'ies !el' 'atients. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e $3A is res'onsible "or ens%rin# t!at an, t!era'e%tic a#ent t!at is &arketed is t!en re#%lated. .1/ 1e"ore ne t!era'e%tic a#ents reac! t!e &arket'lace t!e, do not !el' 'atients. .C/ T!e researc! co&&%nit, is res'onsible "or t!e e(cessivel, lon# testin# 'eriod "or ne dr%#s9 not t!e $3A. .3/ T!e $3A s!o%ld ork &ore closel, it! researc!ers to ens%re t!at t!e 0%alit, o" t!era'e%tic a#ents is &aintained. .E/ I" a ne &edical discover, !as been trans"erred "ro& t!e laborator, to t!e &arket'lace9 it ill !el' 'atients. 5<. In a ne 'ro#ra&9 a%to&obile o ners in so&e nei#!bor!oods !ose cars are not nor&all, driven bet een 1 A.M. and @ A.M. can dis'la, a s'ecial decal in t!e cars indo s and a%t!ori)e 'olice to sto' t!e cars d%rin# t!ose !o%rs to c!eck t!e drivers licenses. T!e t!e"t rate "or cars bearin# s%c! decals is &%c! lo er t!an !ad been %s%al "or cars in t!ose nei#!bor!oods. I" it is concl%ded "ro& t!e state&ents above t!at a%to&obile t!e"t !as been red%ced b, t!e 'ro#ra&9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld it be &ost i&'ortant to ans er in eval%atin# t!at concl%sion.A/ Are o ners !o are ca%tio%s eno%#! to +oin t!e 'ro#ra& takin# ot!er s'ecial &eas%res to 'rotect t!eir cars a#ainst t!e"t.1/ In !o &an, nei#!bor!oods is t!e 'olice 'ro#ra& o'eratin#.C/ Are cars in nei#!bor!oods t!at are activel, 'artici'atin# in t!e 'ro#ra& so&eti&es stolen d%rin# da,li#!t !o%rs.3/ 6ill o ners !o !ave 'laced decals on t!eir cars indo s b%t !o "ind it necessar, to drive bet een 1 A.M. and @ A.M. be !arassed b, 'olice.E/ Are t!e nei#!bor!oods in !ic! t!e 'ro#ra& !as been '%t into e""ect a re'resentative cross section o" nei#!bor!oods it! res'ect to t!e t,'es o" a%to&obiles o ned b, residents5C. It !as been clai&ed t!at an action is &orall, #ood onl, i" it bene"its anot!er 'erson and as 'er"or&ed it! t!at intentionD !ereas an action t!at !ar&s anot!er 'erson is &orall, bad eit!er i" s%c! !ar& as intended or i" reasonable "oret!o%#!t o%ld !ave s!o n t!at t!e action as likel, to ca%se !ar&. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<1C

6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# +%d#&ents &ost closel, con"ir&s to t!e 'rinci'le cited above.A/ Fa&ela rote a letter atte&'tin# to ca%se tro%ble bet een Ed ard and !is "riendsD t!is action o" Fa&elas as &orall, bad9 even t!o%#! t!e letter9 in "act9 !ad an e""ect directl, o''osite "ro& t!e one intended. .1/ In order to sec%re a 'ro&otion9 Je""er, devoted !is o n ti&e to resolvin# a backlo# o" &edical bene"its clai&sD Je""re,s action as &orall, #ood since it alone enabled Saras clai& to be 'rocessed in ti&e "or !er to receive &%c!8needed treat&ent. .C/ Intendin# to !el' !er elderl, nei#!bor b, clearin# !is alk a, a"ter a sno stor&9 Teresa inadvertentl, le"t ice on !is ste'sD beca%se o" t!is e('osed ice9 !er nei#!bor !ad a bad "all9 t!%s s!o in# t!at &orall, #ood actions can !ave bad conse0%ences. .3/ Marilees9 asked b, a !o&eless &an "or "ood9 #ave t!e &an !er o n sand ic!D !o ever9 beca%se t!e &an tried to talk !ile !e as eatin# t!e sand ic!9 it ca%sed !i& to c!oke9 and t!%s Marilees %nintentionall, 'er"or&ed a &orall, bad action. .E/ Jonat!an a#reed to atc! !is t!ree8,ear8old niece !ile s!e 'la,ed b%t9 beco&in# en#rossed in conversion9 did not see !er r%n into t!e street !ere s!e as !it b, a bic,cleD even t!o%#! !e intended no !ar&9 Jonat!ans action as &orall, bad.

TEST 6
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

A la t!at is not consistentl, en"orced does not serve its '%r'ose. La it!o%t en"orce&ent is not la D it is &erel, stat%teKa 'ro&ise o" la . To instit%te real la is not &erel, to declare t!at s%c! and s%c! be!avior is "orbidden9 it is also to '%nis! t!ose !o violate t!at edict. $%rt!er&ore9 t!ose !o en"orce la &%st '%nis! it!o%t "avor "or t!eir "riends or &alice "or t!eir ene&ies. To '%nis! onl, t!ose one dislike !ile "or#ivin# ot!ers is not to en"orce la b%t to en#a#e in t!e arbitrar, and %n+%st e(ercise o" 'o er. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e is t!at instit%tin# real la consists in .A/ t!e e(ercise o" 'o er .1/ a%t!ori)in# t!e en"orce&ent o" '%nis!&ents .C/ t!e %nbiased '%nis!&ent o" 'ro!ibited be!avior .3/ %nderstandin# t!e '%r'ose o" la .E/ clearl, de"inin# %nacce'table be!avior http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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5.

F!,siolo#ical researc! !as %ncovered dist%rbin# evidence linkin# a n%&ber o" str%ct%ral disorders to +o##in#. A&on# t!e ail&ents see&in#l, connected it! t!is no 8'o'%lar s'ort are s'inal disk dis'lace&ents9 stress "ract%res o" t!e "eet and ankles9 knee and !i' +oint deterioration9 and tendonitis. $%rt!er&ore9 t!ese in+%ries do not occ%r e(cl%sivel, a&on# be#innin# r%nnersKveteran +o##ers s%""er an e0%al 'ercenta#e o" in+%ries. 6!at t!e acc%&%latin# data s%##est is t!at t!e !%&an anato&, is not able to it!stand t!e stresses o" +o##in#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e link bet een +o##in# and certain str%ct%ral disorders a''ears to be a ca%sal one. .1/ Jo##in# ca%ses &ore serio%s disorders t!an ot!er s'orts. .C/ T!e +o##ers level o" e('erience is a "actor deter&inin# t!e likeli!ood o" a +o##in# in+%r,. .3/ So&e s'orts are sa"er "or t!e !%&an bod, t!an +o##in#. .E/ T!e !%&an s'ecies is not ver, d%rable.

<.

All st%dents at Fitco&be Colle#e ere asked to label t!e&selves conservative9 liberal9 or &iddle8o"8t!e8road 'oliticall,. 7" t!e st%dents9 5@ 'ercent labeled t!e&selves conservative9 5C 'ercent labeled t!e&selves liberal9 and @1 'ercent labeled t!e&selves &iddle8o"8t!e8road. 6!en asked abo%t a 'artic%lar set o" iss%es9 !o ever9 AA 'ercent o" t!e st%dents endorsed !at is #enerall, re#arded as a liberal 'osition. I" all o" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ All st%dents !o labeled t!e&selves liberal endorsed !at is #enerall, re#arded as a liberal 'osition on t!at set o" iss%es. .1/ More st%dents !o labeled t!e&selves &iddle8o"8t!e road t!an st%dents !o labeled t!e&selves liberal o''osed !at is #enerall, re#arded as a liberal 'osition on t!at set o" iss%es. .C/ T!e &a+orit, o" st%dents !o labeled t!e&selves &iddle8o"8t!e8road o''osed !at is #enerall, re#arded as a liberal 'osition on t!at set o" iss%es. .3/ So&e st%dents !o labeled t!e&selves conservative endorsed !at is #enerall, re#arded as a liberal 'osition on t!at set o" iss%es. .E/ So&e st%dents !o labeled t!e&selves liberal endorsed !at is #enerall, re#arded as a conservative 'osition on t!at set o" iss%es.

C.

Lenore: It is naive to t!ink t!at !istorical e('lanations can be ob+ective. In eval%atin# evidence9 !istorians are al a,s in"l%enced b, t!eir national9 'olitical9 and class lo,alties. 4ictor: Still9 t!e ver, "act t!at cases o" biased t!inkin# !ave been detected and so%rces o" bias identi"ied s!o s t!at t!ere are 'eo'le !o can &aintain ob+ectivit,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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<1G

4ictors res'onse does not s%cceed as a reb%ttal o" Lenores ar#%&ent beca%se !is res'onse .A/ dis'la,s t!e sa&e kind o" biased t!inkin# as t!at a#ainst !ic! Lenores ar#%&ent it directed .1/ does not address t!e s'ecial case o" !istorians !o '%r'osel, distort evidence in order to 'ro&ote t!eir o n 'olitical ob+ectives .C/ "ails to 'rovide e(a&'les o" cases in !ic! biased t!inkin# !as been detected and t!e so%rce o" t!at bias identi"ied .3/ does not consider so%rces o" bias in !istorical e('lanation ot!er t!an t!ose t!at are d%e to national9 'olitical9 and class lo,alties .E/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!ose !o detect and identi", bias are t!e&selves biased in so&e a, @. T!e &%se%&s ni#!t sec%rit, #%ard &aintains t!at t!e t!ieves !o stole t!e 'ortrait did not enter t!e &%se%& at an, 'oint at or above #ro%nd level. T!ere"ore9 t!e t!ieves &%st !ave #ained access to t!e &%se%& "ro& belo #ro%nd level. T!e "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e r%les sti'%late t!e 'artici'ants in t!e contest be +%d#ed on bot! "or& and acc%rac,. T!e event%al inner as +%d#ed !i#!est in neit!er cate#or,9 so t!ere &%st be a t!ird criterion t!at +%d#es ere "ree to invoke. .1/ T!e stores co&'etitors clai& t!at t!e store in sellin# o"" t!e s!irts at t!ose 'rices9 neit!er &ade an, 'ro"it nor broke even. Conse0%entl,9 t!e stores c%sto&ers &%st !ave been able to b%, s!irts t!ere at less t!an t!e stores cost. .C/ I" t!e cens%s is to be believed9 t!e 'ercenta#e o" &en !o are &arried is !i#!er t!an t!e 'ercenta#e o" o&en !o are &arried. T!%s9 t!e cens%s &%st s!o a !i#!er n%&ber o" &en t!an o" o&en overall. .3/ T!e 'rod%ct label establis!es t!at t!is insecticide is sa"e "or bot! !%&ans and 'et. T!ere"ore9 t!e insecticide &%st also be sa"e "or s%c! ild &a&&als as deer and rabbits. .E/ As !ad #enerall, been e('ected9 not all 0%estionnaires ere sent in b, t!e o""icial deadline. It "ollo s t!at 'lans &%st !ave been &ade "or t!e 'rocessin# o" 0%estionnaires received late. Questions &-' :i#!8tec!nolo#, &edicine is drivin# %' t!e nations !ealt! care costs. Recent advances in cataract s%r#er, ill%strate !, t!is is occ%rrin#. Cataracts are a &a+or ca%se o" blindness9 es'eciall, in elderl, 'eo'le. Ten ,ears a#o9 cataract s%r#er, as 'ain"%l and not al a,s e""ective. T!anks to t!e ne tec!nolo#, %sed in cataract s%r#er,9 t!e o'eration no restores vision dra&aticall, and is less e('ensive. T!ese http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<1A

t o "actors !ave ca%sed t!e n%&ber o" cataract o'erations 'er"or&ed to increase #reatl,9 !ic! !as9 in t%rn9 drive %' t!e total a&o%nt s'ent on cataract s%r#er,. G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ Ten ,ears a#o9 "e 'eo'le !ad s%ccess"%l cataract s%r#er,. .1/ In t!e lon# r%n9 t!e advanta#es o" advanced &edical tec!nolo#, are likel, to be o%t ei#!ed b, t!e disadvanta#es. .C/ T!e total a&o%nt s'ent on cataract s%r#er, !as increased beca%se t!e increased n%&ber o" 'eo'le electin# to !ave t!e s%r#er, &ore t!an o""sets t!e decrease in cost 'er o'eration. .3/ :%#e increases in t!e nations !ealt! care costs are d%e 'ri&aril, to increased de&and "or s%r#er, "or older 'eo'le. .E/ Ten ,ears a#o9 cataract s%r#er, as a""ordable "or &ore 'eo'le t!an it as last ,ear. A. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld s%''ort a c!allen#e to t!e a%t!ors e('lanation o" t!e increase in t!e n%&ber o" cataract o'erations EECEFT: .A/ T!e overall 'o'%lation o" t!e nation !as increased "ro& !at it as ten ,ears a#o. .1/ An, one individ%als c!ance o" develo'in# cataracts is #reater t!an it as ten ,ears a#o. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" older 'eo'le !as increased d%rin# t!e last ten ,ears. .3/ Toda,9 !ealt! ins%rance covers cataract s%r#er, "or &ore 'eo'le t!an it did ten ,ears a#o. .E/ Feo'le !o !ave !ad %ns%ccess"%l cataract s%r#er, are le"t it! &ore serio%sl, i&'aired vision t!an t!e, !ad be"ore t!e s%r#er,. B. So&e co&'anies in "ields !ere skilled e&'lo,ees are !ard to "ind &ake si#nin# an >a#ree&ent not to co&'ete? a condition o" e&'lo,&ent. In s%c! an a#ree&ent t!e e&'lo,ee 'ro&ises not to #o ork "or a co&'etin# "ir& "or a set 'eriod a"ter leavin# !is or !er c%rrent e&'lo,er. Co%rts are increasin#l, r%lin# t!at t!ese a#ree&ents are not bindin#. *et 'arado(icall,9 "or 'eo'le !o si#ned s%c! a#ree&ents !en orkin# "or co&'etin# "ir&s9 &an, "ir&s are %n illin# to consider !irin# t!e& d%rin# t!e 'eriod covered b, t!e a#ree&ent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e 'arado(.A/ Man, co&'anies ill not risk !avin# to beco&e involved in la s%its9 even s%its t!at t!e, e('ect to !ave a "avorable o%tco&e. .1/ In so&e ind%stries9 "or e(a&'le t!e broadcast &edia9 co&'anies &ain so%rce o" ne e&'lo,ees tends to be 'eo'le !o are alread, e&'lo,ed b, co&'etin# "ir&s. .C/ Most co&'anies t!at re0%ire t!eir e&'lo,ees to si#n a#ree&ents not to co&'ete are a are t!at t!ese doc%&ents are not le#all, bindin#. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<1B

.3/ Man, 'eo'le !o !ave si#ned a#ree&ents not to co&'ete are %n illin# to rene#e on a 'ro&ise b, #oin# to ork "or a co&'etin# "ir&. .E/ Man, co&'anied consider t!eir e&'lo,ees establis!ed relations!i's it! clients and ot!er 'eo'le o%tside t!e co&'an, to be val%able co&'an, assets. H. Man, Ann: 7%r co%ntr, s!o%ld9 above all9 be stron#. Stren#t! #ains t!e res'ect o" ot!er co%ntries and &akes a co%ntr, ad&irable. Ine): T!ere are &an, e(a&'les in !istor, o" co%ntries t!at ere stron# b%t %sed t!eir stren#t! to co&&it atrocities. 6e s!o%ld +%d#e a co%ntr, b, t!e &oralit, o" its actions9 not b, its stren#t!. I" t!e actions are &orall, #ood9 t!e co%ntr, is ad&irable. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'res%''osition t!at %nderlies Ine) ar#%&ent.A/ At least one co%ntr, is ad&irable. .1/ Co%ntries can not be bot! stron# and &oral. .C/ It is 'ossible to assi#n &oral ei#!t to t!e actions o" co%ntries. .3/ T!e citi)ens o" an, co%ntr, believe t!at !atever t!eir co%ntr, does is #ood. .E/ Co%ntries s!o%ld i&'ose t!eir standards o" &oralit, on ot!er co%ntries b, !atever &eans necessar,. 1I. All o" Jo!ns "riends sa, t!e, kno so&eone !o !as s&oked CI ci#arettes a da, "or t!e 'ast CI ,ears and ,et !o is reall, "it and ell. Jo!n does not kno an,one like t!at and it is 0%ite certain t!at !e is not %ni0%e a&on# !is "riends in t!is res'ect. I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 t!en !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ S&okers o"ten lie abo%t !o &%c! t!e, s&oke. .1/ Feo'le o"ten kno in#l, e(a##erate it!o%t intendin# to lie. .C/ All Jo!ns "riends kno t!e sa&e li"elon# !eav, s&oker. .3/ Most o" Jo!ns "riends are not tellin# t!e tr%t!. .E/ So&e o" Jo!ns "riends are not tellin# t!e tr%t!. 11. $or de&ocrac, to s%rvive9 it is i&'erative t!at t!e avera#e citi)en be able to develo' in"or&ed o'inions abo%t i&'ortant 'olic, iss%es. In toda,s societ,9 t!is &eans t!at citi)ens &%st be able to develo' in"or&ed o'inions on &an, scienti"ic s%b+ects9 "ro& ecos,ste&s to de"ense s,ste&. *et9 as scienti"ic kno led#e advances9 t!e avera#e citi)en is increasin#l, %nable to absorb eno%#! in"or&ation to develo' in"or&ed o'inions on &an, i&'ortant iss%es. 7" t!e "ollo in#9 !ic! one "ollo s lo#icall, "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ Scientists !ave a d%t, to ed%cate t!e '%blic. .1/ T!e s%rvival o" de&ocrac, is t!reatened b, t!e advance o" scienti"ic kno led#e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<1H

.C/ Ever, citi)en !as a d%t, to and can beco&e scienti"icall, literate. .3/ T!e &ost e""ective de&ocrac, is one t!at is t!e &ost scienti"icall, %nso'!isticated. .E/ 3e&ocrac, ill s%rvive i" t!ere are at least so&e citi)ens !o are ca'able o" develo'in# in"or&ed o'inions on i&'ortant scienti"ic iss%es. 15. 1, datin# "ossils o" 'ollen and beetles9 !ic! ret%rned a"ter an Ice A#e #lacier le"t an area9 it is 'ossible to establis! an a''ro(i&ate date !en a ar&er cli&ate develo'ed. In one #lacial area9 it a''ears "ro& t!e insect record t!at a ar& cli&ate develo'ed i&&ediatel, a"ter t!e &eltin# o" t!e #lacier. $ro& t!e 'ollen record9 !o ever9 it a''ears t!at t!e ar& cli&ate did not develo' %ntil lon# a"ter t!e #lacier disa''eared. Eac! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 !el's to e('lain t!e a''arent discre'anc, EECEFT: .A/ Cold8 eat!er beetle "ossils can be &istaken "or t!ose o" beetles t!at live in ar& cli&ates. .1/ 6ar&8 eat!er 'lants cannot establis! t!e&selves as 0%ickl, as can beetles in a ne environ&ent. .C/ 1eetles can s%rvive in a relativel, barren 'ost#lacial area b, scaven#in#. .3/ Since 'lanes s'read %nevenl, in a ne cli&ate9 researc!ers can &istake #a's in t!e 'ollen record as evidence o" no ne overall #ro t!. .E/ 1eetles are a&on# t!e oldest insect s'ecies and are &%c! older t!en &an, ar&8 eat!er 'lants. 1<. =sin# clean8coal tec!nolo#ies to >re'o er? e(istin# "actories 'ro&ises %lti&atel, a s%bstantial red%ction o" 'oll%tin# e&issions9 and ill a""ect t!e "%ll ran#e o" 'oll%tants i&'licated in acid rain. T!e strate#, o" %sin# t!ese tec!nolo#ies co%ld c%t s%l"%r dio(ide e&ission b, &ore t!en BI 'ercent and nitro#en o(ide e&issions b, &ore t!an @I 'ercent. T!e e&ission o" s&aller 0%antit, o" nitro#en 'oll%tants o%ld in t%rn red%ce t!e "or&ation o" no(io%s o)one in t!e tro'os'!ere. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents is an in"erence t!at can be dra n "ro& t!e in"or&ation #iven in t!e 'assa#e.A/ S%l"%r dio(ide e&issions are t!e &ost dan#ero%s 'oll%tants i&'licated in acid rain. .1/ 2o(io%s o)one is "or&ed in "actories b, c!e&ical reactions involvin# s%l"%r dio(ide. .C/ T ent, 'ercent o" t!e 'resent level o" s%l"%r dio(ide e&issions in t!e at&os'!ere is not considered a !ar&"%l level. .3/ A s%bstantial red%ction o" 'oll%tin# e&issions ill be ac!ieved b, t!e care"%l desi#n o" ne "actories. .E/ T!e c!oice o" tec!nolo#ies in "actories co%ld red%ce t!e "or&ation o" no(io%s o)one in t!e tro'os'!ere. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<5I

1C. Jos!%a S&it!s ne novel as critici)ed b, t!e book editor "or T!e 3ail, Standard as i&'la%sible. T!at criticis&9 like so &an, ot!er criticis&s "ro& t!e sa&e so%rce in t!e 'ast9 is co&'letel, %n arranted9 as an,one !o !as act%all, read t!e novel o%ld a#ree. Eac! one o" t!e incidents in !ic! S&it!s !ero #ets involved is t!e kind o" incident t!at co%ld ver, ell !ave !a''ened to so&eone or ot!er. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ost serio%s error o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It relies on t!e ass%&'tion t!at a criticis& can le#iti&atel, b, dis&issed as %n arranted i" it is o""ended b, so&eone !o !ad 'revio%sl, dis'la,ed 0%estionable +%d#&ent. .1/ It i#nores t!e "act t!at 'eo'le can a#ree abo%t so&et!in# even t!o%#! !at t!e, a#ree abo%t is not t!e case. .C/ It calls into 0%estion t!e intellect%al inte#rit, o" t!e critic in order to avoid !avin# to address t!e #ro%nds on !ic! t!e criticis& is based. .3/ It takes "or #ranted t!at a !ole stor, ill !ave a #iven c!aracteristics i" eac! o" its 'arts !as t!at c!aracteristics. .E/ It atte&'ts to +%sti", its concl%sion b, citin# reasons t!at &ost 'eo'le o%ld "ind 'la%sible onl, i" t!e, ere alread, convinced t!at t!e concl%sion as tr%e. 1@. J. J. T!o&son9 t!e discoverer o" t!e electron and a reci'ient o" t!e 2obel Frice in '!,sics9 trained &an, '!,sicists9 a&on# t!e& seven 2obel Frice inners9 <5 "ello s o" t!e Ro,al Societ, o" London9 and B< 'ro"essors o" '!,sics. T!is s!o s t!at t!e skills needed "or creative researc! can be ta%#!t and learned. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ J. J. T!o&son as an internationall, kno n '!,sicist and scientists ca&e "ro& all over t!e orld to ork it! !i&. .1/ All t!e scientists trained b, J. J. T!o&son ere reno ned "or t!eir creative scienti"ic researc!. .C/ At least one o" t!e e&inent scientists trained b, J. J. T!o&son as not a creative researc!er be"ore co&in# to st%d, it! !i&. .3/ Creative researc! in '!,sics re0%ires researc! !abits not necessar, "or creative researc! in ot!er "ields. .E/ Scientists !o #o on to be t!e &ost s%ccess"%l researc!ers o"ten receive t!eir scienti"ic ed%cation in classes ta%#!t b, reno ned researc! scientists. 1G. T!e ancient Ro&ans %nderstood t!e 'rinci'les o" ater 'o er ver, ell and in so&e o%tl,in# 'arts o" t!eir e&'ire t!e, &ade e(tensive and e(cellent %se o" ater as an ener#, so%rces. T!is &akes it all t!e &ore strikin# t!at t!e Ro&ans &ade do it!o%t ater 'o er in re#ions do&inated b, lar#e cities. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to an e('lanation o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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di""erence described above in t!e Ro&ans %se o" ater 'o er.A/ T!e ancient Ro&ans ere ade't at constr%ctin# and &aintainin# a0%ed%cts t!at co%ld carr, 0%antities o" ater s%""icient to s%''l, lar#e cities over considerable distances. .1/ In t!e areas in !ic! ater 'o er as not %sed ater "lo in rivers and strea&s as s%bstantial t!ro%#!o%t t!e ,ear b%t nevert!eless e(!ibited so&e seasonal variation. .C/ 6ater 'o er as relativel, v%lnerable to sabota#e b%t an, da&a#e co%ld be 0%ickl, and ine('ensivel, re'aired. .3/ In &ost areas to !ic! t!e %se o" ater 'o er as not e(tended ot!er &ore traditional so%rces o" ener#, contin%ed to be %sed. .E/ In !eavil, 'o'%lated areas t!e introd%ction o" ater 'o er o%ld !ave been certain to ca%se social %nrest b, de'rivin# lar#e n%&bers o" 'eo'le o" t!eir liveli!ood. 1A. $ro& a book revie : T!e a%t!ors blit!el, clai& t!at t!ere are >t!ree basic a,s to store ener#,: as !eat9 as electricit, or as kinetic ener#,.? :o ever9 I cannot call to &ind an, a""ective a,s to store ener#, as electricit,9 !ereas an, ca'able st%dent o" '!,sics co%ld readil, s%##est a "e &ore a,s to store ener#,: c!e&ical9 #ravitational9 n%clear. T!e revie er &akes !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s o" a clai& t!at a''ears in t!e book %nder revie .A/ T!ere is no reason to consider an, 'artic%lar a, to store ener#, an, &ore basic t!an an, ot!er. .1/ T!e list #iven o" a,s to store ener#, is 'ossibl, inacc%rate and certainl, not e(!a%stive. .C/ It is overl, li&itin# to treat basic a,s to store ener#, as a 0%estion %nrelated to t!e 0%estion o" e""ective a,s to %se ener#,. .3/ 6!at needs to be considered is not !et!er vario%s a,s to store ener#, are basic b%t !et!er t!e, are e""ective. .E/ E(ce't 'ossibl, "or electricit,9 all a,s to store ener#, are e0%all, e""ective and t!ere"ore e0%all, basic. 1B. T!ere is no &,ster, as to !, "i#%rative 'aintin# revived in t!e late 1HAIs. Feo'le ant to look at reco#ni)able i&a#es. Sortin# o%t art t!eories re"lected in abstract 'aintin#s is no s%bstit%te "or t!e sense o" e&'at!, t!at co&es "or& lookin# at a realistic 'aintin# o" a "i#%re in a landsca'e. Fer!a's &e&bers o" t!e art8vie in# '%blic resented abstract art beca%se t!e, "elt t!at its lack o" realistic s%b+ect &atter as a re+ection o" t!e vie ers and t!eir orld. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ Abstract 'aintin#s o"ten incl%de s!a'es or "or&s t!at are s%##estive o" real http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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ob+ects or e&otions. .1/ T!e art8vie in# '%blic is!ed to see traditional s%b+ects treated in a nontraditional &anner. .C/ Faintin#s t!at de'ict a reco#ni)able '!,sical orld rat!er t!an t!e e&otional orld o" t!e artists li"e re0%ire &ore artistic talent to create. .3/ T!e #eneral '%blic is %nable to %nderstand t!e t!eories on !ic! abstract 'aintin# is based. .E/ T!e artistic 're"erences o" t!e art8vie in# '%blic sti&%lated t!e revival. 1H. 4alitanias lon#8standin# 'ractice o" 'a,in# !i#! salaries to its elected 'oliticians !as !ad a disastro%s e""ect on t!e level o" inte#rit, a&on# 'oliticians in t!at co%ntr,. T!is is beca%se t!e 'ros'ect o" earnin# a !i#! salar, is al a,s attractive to an,one !ose 'ri&ar, ai& in li"e is to &ake &one,9 so t!at inevitabl, t!e ron# 'eo'le &%st !ave been attracted into 4alitanian 'olitics: 'eo'le !o are &ore interested in &akin# &one, t!an in servin# t!e needs o" t!e nation 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 orld eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Man, 4alitanian candidates "or elected o""ice s'end so&e o" t!eir o n &one, to "inance t!eir ca&'ai#ns. .1/ Most 4alitanian elective o""ices !ave "o%r8,ear ter&s. .C/ 2o &ore 'eo'le co&'ete "or elected o""ice !en o""ice!olders are 'aid ell t!an !en t!e, are 'aid 'oorl,. .3/ 7nl, 'oliticians !o rel, on t!eir o""ices "or inco&e tend to s%''ort 'olicies t!at advance t!eir o n sel"is! interests. .E/ Most o" t!ose !o are c%rrentl, 4alitanian 'oliticians co%ld !ave obtained better8'aid ork o%tside 'olitics. Questions !0-!1 Folic, Adviser: $reedo& o" s'eec! is not onl, a basic !%&an ri#!tD it is also t!e onl, rational 'olic, "or t!is #overn&ent to ado't. 6!en ideas are o'enl, aired9 #ood idea "lo%ris!9 sill, 'ro'osals are easil, reco#ni)ed as s%c!9 and dan#ero%s ideas can be res'onded to b, rational ar#%&ent. 2ot!in# is ever #ained b, "orcin# citi)ens to disse&inate t!eir t!o%#!ts in secret. 5I. T!e 'olic, advisers &et!od o" 'ers%asion9 in reco&&endin# a 'olic, o" "ree s'eec! to t!e #overn&ent9 is best described b, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ a circ%lar +%sti"ication o" t!e idea o" "ree s'eec! as an idea t!at "lo%ris!es !en "ree s'eec! is allo ed .1/ advocatin# res'ect "or basic ri#!ts o" citi)ens "or its o n sake .C/ a co%'lin# o" &oral ideals it! sel"8interest .3/ a arnin# abo%t t!e di""ic%lt, o" s%''ressin# t!e tr%t! .E/ a descri'tion o" an ideal sit%ation t!at cannot realisticall, be ac!ieved

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<5<

51. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 orld &ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Most citi)ens o%ld tolerate so&e li&its on "reedo& o" s'eec!. .1/ 6it! or it!o%t a 'olic, o" "reedo& o" s'eec!9 #overn&ents res'ond to dan#ero%s ideas irrationall,. .C/ $reedo& o" reli#ion and "reedo& o" asse&bl, are also basic !%&an ri#!ts t!at #overn&ents &%st reco#ni)e. .3/ Govern&ents are less likel, to be overt!ro n i" t!e, o'enl, ado't a 'olic, allo in# "reedo& o" s'eec!. .E/ Great ideas !ave "lo%ris!ed in societies t!at re'ress "ree s'eec! as o"ten as in t!ose t!at 'er&it it. 55. T!e tr%stees o" t!e Avonbrid#e s%&&er dra&a orks!o' !ave decided to o""er sc!olars!i's to t!e to' 1I 'ercent o" local a''licants and t!e to' 1I 'ercent o" nonlocal a''licants as +%d#ed on t!e basis o" a 0%ali",in# a%dition. T!e, are doin# t!is to ens%re t!at onl, t!e a''licants it! t!e &ost !i#!l, eval%ated a%ditions are o""ered sc!olars!i's to t!e 'ro#ra&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'oints o%t !, t!e tr%stees 'lan &i#!t not be e""ective in ac!ievin# its #oal.A/ T!e best actors can also a''l, "or ad&ission to anot!er 'ro#ra& and t!en not enroll in t!e Avonbrid#e 'ro#ra&. .1/ A%dition &aterials t!at 'rod%ce #ood res%lts "or one actor &a, disadvanta#e anot!er9 res%ltin# in inacc%rate assess&ent. .C/ T!e to' 1I 'ercent o" local and nonlocal a''licants &i#!t not need sc!olars!i's to t!e Avonbrid#e 'ro#ra&. .3/ So&e o" t!e a''licants !o are o""ered sc!olars!i's co%ld !ave less !i#!l, eval%ated a%ditions t!an so&e o" t!e a''licants !o are not o""ered sc!olars!i's. .E/ 3ividin# a''licants into local and nonlocal #ro%'s is %n"air beca%se it "avors nonlocal a''licants. 5<. 1ook Revie : 6!en I read a novel set in a cit, I kno ell9 I &%st see t!at t!e riter kno s t!e cit, as ell as I do i" I a& to take t!at riter serio%sl,. I" t!e riter is "akin#9 I kno i&&ediatel, and do not tr%st t!e riter. 6!en a novelist de&onstrates t!e re0%ired kno led#e9 I tr%st t!e stor, teller9 so I tr%st t!e tale. T!is tr%st increases &, en+o,&ent o" a #ood novel. Feter Lees second novel is set in San $rancisco9 in t!is novel9 as in !is "irst9 Lee 'asses &, test it! "l,in# colors. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e book revie er en+o,s virt%all, an, novel ritten b, a novelist !o& s!e tr%sts. .1/ I" t!e book revie er tr%sts t!e novelist as a stor,teller9 t!e novel in 0%estion &%st be set in a cit, t!e book revie er kno s ell. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<5C

.C/ Feter Lees "irst novel as set in San $rancisco. .3/ T!e book revie er does not tr%st an, novel set in a cit, t!at s!e does not kno ell. .E/ T!e book revie er does not believe t!at s!e kno s San $rancisco better t!an Feter Lee does. 5C. So&eones bene"itin# "ro& !avin# done !ar& to anot!er 'erson is &orall, +%sti"iable onl, i" t!e 'erson !o as !ar&ed kne t!at !at as done co%ld ca%se t!at !ar& b%t consented to its bein# done an, a,. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# +%d#&ents &ost closel, con"or&s to t!e 'rinci'le above.A/ Atte&'tin# to avoid bein# ke't a"ter sc!ool as '%nis!&ent "or breakin# a indo 9 Sonia "alsel, clai&ed t!at !er brot!er !ad broken itD Sonias action as &orall, %n+%sti"iable since it res%lted in bot! c!ildren bein# ke't a"ter sc!ool "or so&et!in# onl, Sonia !ad done. .1/ Since 2ed o%ld not !ave on t!e 'ri)e "or best &odel air'lane i" Fenn,s brot!er !ad not inadvertentl, da&a#ed !er entr, !ile 'la,in# it! it. 2ed is &orall, %n+%sti"ied in acce'tin# !is 'ri)e. .C/ 6esle,9 a doctor9 'ers%ade Ma( to take 'art in a &edical e('eri&ent in !ic! a ne dr%# as bein# tested: since 6esle, "ailed to arn Ma( abo%t t!e serio%s side e""ects o" t!e dr%# and t!e dr%# 'roved to !ave no ot!er e""ects9 6esle, as &orall, %n+%sti"ied in %sin# t!e res%lts obtained "ro& Ma( in !is re'ort. .3/ 1eca%se Ro#ers &ot!er s%""ered severe co&'lications as a res%lt o" donatin# a kidne, to !i& "or li"esavin# kidne, trans'lant9 it as &orall, %n+%sti"iable "or Ro#er to receive t!e trans'lant9 even t!o%#! !is &ot!er9 !ersel" a doctor9 !ad been ea#er "or t!e trans'lant to be 'er"or&ed. .E/ $or Ja&es9 !o as convicted o" !avin# de"ra%ded a lar#e n%&ber o" 'eo'le o%t o" t!eir savin#s and rote a book abo%t !is sc!e&e !ile in 'rison9 to be denied t!e 'ro"its "ro& !is book o%ld be &orall, %n+%sti"iable since !e as alread, been '%nis!ed "or !is cri&e. 5@. Certain #overn&ents s%bsidi)e certain basic a#ric%lt%ral 'rod%cts in order to #%arantee an ade0%ate do&estic 'rod%ction o" t!e&. 1%t s%bsidies enco%ra#e &ore intensive "ar&in#9 !ic! event%all, leads to soil e(!a%stion and drasticall, red%ced ,ields. T!e sit%ation above is &ost nearl, si&ilar to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# sit%ations it! res'ect to t!e relations!i' bet een t!e declared intent o" a #overn&ent 'ractice and a circ%&stance relevant to it.A/ Certain #overn&ents s%bsidi)e t!eaters in order to attract "orei#n to%rists. 1%t to%rists rarel, c!oose a destination "or t!e t!eatrical 'er"or&ances it !as to o""er. .1/ Certain #overn&ents restrict i&'orts in order to kee' do&estic 'rod%cers in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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b%siness. 1%t9 since do&estic 'rod%cers do not !ave to "ace t!e "%ll "orce o" "orei#n co&'etition9 so&e do&estic 'rod%cers are able to earn inordinatel, !i#! 'ro"its. .C/ Certain #overn&ents b%ild stron# ar&ed "orces in order to "orestall ar&ed con"lict9 b%t in order to &aintain t!e sort o" disci'line and &orale t!at kee's ar&ed "orces stron#9 t!ose "orces &%st be %sed in act%al co&bat 'eriodicall,. .3/ Certain #overn&ents red%ce ta(es on b%siness in order to sti&%late 'rivate invest&ent. 1%t an, invest&ent is to so&e e(tent a #a&ble9 and ne b%siness vent%res are not al a,s as s%ccess"%l as t!eir o ners !o'ed. .E/ Certain #overn&ents 'ass tra""ic la s in order to &ake travel sa"er. 1%t t!e 'o'%lation8driven #ro t! in vol%&es o" tra""ic o"ten !as t!e e""ect o" &akin# travel less sa"e des'ite t!e 'assa#e o" ne tra""ic la s. SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Roses al a,s 'rovide a st%nnin# dis'la, o" color9 b%t onl, t!ose "lo ers t!at s&ell s eet are ort! #ro in# in a #arden. So&e roses !ave no scent. 6!ic! one t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be 'ro'erl, dra n "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ So&e "lo ers !ic! 'rovide a st%nnin# dis'la, o" color are not ort! #ro in# in a #arden. .1/ All "lo ers it! no scent 'rovide a st%nnin# dis'la, o" color. .C/ So&e "lo ers !ic! are ort! #ro in# in a #arden !ave no scent. .3/ So&e roses !ic! s&ell s eet are not ort! #ro in# in a #arden. .E/ 2o s eet8s&ellin# "lo er is ort! #ro in# in a #arden %nless it 'rovides a st%nnin# dis'la, o" color.

5.

T!e %se o" &one, ca%ses a civili)ation to decline. T!at t!is is tr%e is s!o n b, t!e a, t!e tro%bles o" 6estern civili)ation be#an it! t!e invention o" &one,. 6!ile real &one, .#old and silver/ is bad eno%#!9 i&itation &one, .'a'er &one,/ is a !orror. T!e decline o" 6estern civili)ation e(actl, 'arallels t!e increasin# %se o" &one,Kbot! real &one, and ort!less 'a'er &one,Kas a s%bstit%te "or t!in#s o" intrinsic val%e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 co%ld contrib%te &ost to a re"%tation o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Feo'le 're"er %sin# &one, to !avin# a s,ste& in !ic! #oods are bartered "or ot!er #oods o" e0%al intrinsic val%e. .1/ Eastern c%lt%res !ave %sed &one,9 and Eastern civili)ations !ave not declined.

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GMAT & LSAT CR

<5G

.C/ T!e %se o" 'a'er &one, enco%ra#es disre#ard "or t!e val%e o" ork beca%se t!e &one, itsel" !as no intrinsic val%e. .3/ T!e rate o" e(c!an#e bet een #old and 'a'er &one, !as "l%ct%ated #reatl, in 6estern civili)ation. .E/ So&e e&'lo,ers e(c!an#e #oods "or t!eir e&'lo,ees services in order to avoid t!e e(c!an#e o" &one,. <. $ire ants "ro& 1ra)il no in"est t!e so%t!ern =nited States. =nlike 0%een "ire ants in 1ra)il9 t o 0%eens in t!e =nited States s!are a nest. Ants "ro& t!ese nests are &ore a##ressive t!an t!ose "ro& sin#le80%een nests. 1, destro,in# virt%all, all insects in t!e nest area9 t!ese a##ressive ants #ain sole access to "ood so%rces9 and t!e ant 'o'%lation sk,rockets. Since certain 'redator insects in 1ra)il li&it t!e "ire8ant 'o'%lation t!ere9 i&'ortin# s%c! 'redator insects into t!e =nited States o%ld be o" overall bene"it to t!e environ&ent b, sto''in# t!e increase o" t!e "ire8ant 'o'%lation in t!e =nited States. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade in t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ T!e i&'orted insects o%ld not 'rove &ore da&a#in# to t!e environ&ent in t!e =nited States t!an are t!e "ire ants t!e&selves. .1/ T!e 'redator insects "ro& 1ra)il co%ld s%rvive in t!e ecolo#ical environ&ent "o%nd in t!e =nited States. .C/ T!e es'eciall, a##ressive "ire ants "ro& t!e t o80%een nests o%ld not be able to destro, t!e 1ra)ilian 'redator insects. .3/ T!e 'redator insects o%ld sto' t!e increase o" t!e ant 'o'%lation be"ore t!e ants s'read to states t!at are "art!er nort!. .E/ T!e rate o" increase o" t!e "ire8ant 'o'%lation o%ld not e(ceed t!e rate at !ic! t!e 'redator insects co%ld kill t!e ants. C. In an atte&'t to co%nter co&'laints t!at a certain 'esticide is 'otentiall, !a)ardo%s to !%&ans i" absorbed into edible 'lants9 t!e 'esticide &an%"act%rer !as advertised t!at >o%nce "or o%nce9 t!e active in#redient in t!is 'esticide is less to(ic t!an t!e active in#redient in &o%t! as!.? 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 indicates a eakness in t!e &an%"act%rers ar#%&ent.A/ T!e o%nce8"or8o%nce to(icit, o" t!e active in#redient in &o%t! as! is less t!an t!at o" &ost 'rod%cts &eant "or e(ternal %se b, !%&ans9 s%c! as nail 'olis! or ot!er cos&etics. .1/ T!e 0%antit, o" to(ins !%&ans in#est b, cons%&in# 'lants treated it! t!e 'esticide is9 on avera#e9 &%c! !i#!er t!an t!e 0%antit, o" to(ins !%&ans in#est b, %sin# &o%t! as!. .C/ T!e container in !ic! t!e 'esticide is 'acka#ed clearl, identi"ies t!e to(ic in#redients and carries arnin#s abo%t t!eir 'otential dan#er to !%&ans. .3/ 7n avera#e9 t!e to(ins 'resent in t!e 'esticide take lon#er t!an t!e to(ins http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<5A

'resent in &o%t! as! to reac! !ar&"%l levels in t!e !%&an bod,. .E/ Since t!e #overn&ent be#an to re#%late t!e 'esticide ind%str, over ten ,ears a#o9 t!ere !as been a #ro in# a areness o" t!e dan#ers o" to(ins %sed in 'esticides. Questions 5-& $o%r rando&l, c!osen &arket researc! co&'anies eac! 'rod%ced 'o'%lation esti&ated "or t!ree &iddle8si)ed citiesD t!e esti&ates o" eac! co&'an, ere t!en co&'ared it! t!ose o" t!e ot!er co&'anies. T o o" t!e cities !ad relativel, stable 'o'%lations9 and "or t!e& esti&ates o" c%rrent 'o'%lation and o" 'ro+ected 'o'%lation in "ive ,ears varied little "ro& co&'an, to co&'an,. :o ever9 "or t!e t!ird cit,9 !ic! as #ro in# ra'idl,9 esti&ates varied #reatl, "ro& co&'an, to co&'an,. @. T!e 'assa#e 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ It is &ore di""ic%lt to esti&ate t!e 'o'%lation o" &iddle8si)ed cities t!an o" s&aller cities. .1/ Fo'%lation esti&ates "or ra'idl, #ro in# cities can be acc%rate eno%#! to be %se"%l "or &arketin#. .C/ T!e rate o" c!an#e in 'o'%lation o" ra'idl, #ro in# cities does not "l%ct%ate. .3/ T!e &arket researc! co&'anies are likel, to be e0%all, reliable in esti&atin# t!e 'o'%lation o" stable cities. .E/ Esti&ates o" cit,s "%t%re 'o'%lation are likel, to be &ore acc%rate t!an are esti&ates o" t!at cit,s c%rrent 'o'%lation. G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best !el' e('lain !, esti&ates o" t!e c%rrent 'o'%lation o" t!e ra'idl, #ro in# cit, varied &ore t!an did c%rrent 'o'%lation esti&ates "or t!e t o ot!er cities.A/ Fo'%lation c!an#es over ti&e are &ore %ni"or& "ro& one district to anot!er in t!e ra'idl, #ro in# cit, t!an in t!e t o ot!er cities. .1/ T!e 'o'%lation o" t!e ra'idl, #ro in# cit, is increasin# lar#el, as a res%lt o" a !i#! birt! rate. .C/ T!e 'o'%lation o" t!e ra'idl, #ro in# cit, !as a lo er avera#e a#e t!an t!e 'o'%lations o" eit!er o" t!e t o ot!er cities. .3/ All 'o'%lation esti&ates o" t!e ra'idl, #ro in# cit, ere 'rod%ced "irst b, esti&atin# t!e c%rrent 'o'%lations o" t!e cit,s districts and t!en b, addin# t!ose esti&ates. .E/ 6!ereas t!e co&'anies %sed di""erent &et!ods "or esti&atin# t!e c%rrent 'o'%lation o" t!e ra'idl, #ro in# cit,9 t!e co&'anies %sed t!e sa&e &et!od "or t!e t o ot!er cities. A. :ead in+%r, is t!e &ost serio%s t,'e o" in+%r, s%stained in &otorc,cle accidents. T!e avera#e cost to ta('a,ers "or &edical care "or non!el&eted &otorc,cle8 accident victi&s is t ice t!at "or t!eir !el&eted co%nter'arts. J%risdictions t!at http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<5B

!ave enacted &otorc,cle8!el&et la s !ave red%ced t!e incidence and severit, o" accident8related !ead in+%ries9 t!ereb, red%cin# t!e cost to ta('a,ers. T!ere"ore9 to ac!ieve si&ilar cost red%ctions9 ot!er +%risdictions s!o%ld enact &otorc,cle8 !el&et la s. $or t!e sa&e reason +%risdictions s!o%ld also re0%ire !el&ets "or !orseback riders9 since !orseback8ridin# accidents are even &ore likel, to ca%se serio%s !ead in+%r, t!an &otorc,cle accidents are. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion %'on !ic! t!e a%t!ors concl%sion concernin# !el&ets "or !orseback riders de'end.A/ Medical care "or victi&s o" !orseback8ridin# accidents is "inancial drain on ta( "%nds. .1/ T!e !i#!er rate o" serio%s !ead in+%r, s%""ered b, victi&s o" !orseback8 ridin# accidents is d%e to t!e di""erence in si)e bet een !orses and &otorc,cles. .C/ T!e &edical costs associated it! treatin# !ead in+%ries are !i#!er t!an t!ose "or ot!er t,'es o" in+%r,. .3/ Most "atalities res%ltin# "ro& !orseback8ridin# and &otorc,cle accidents co%ld !ave been 'revented i" t!e victi&s !ad been earin# !el&ets. .E/ 6!en decidin# !et!er to enact !el&et la s "or &otorc,clists and !orseback riders9 t!e +%risdictions 'ri&ar, concerns is t!e sa"et, o" its citi)ens. B. T!e senator !as lon# !eld to t!e #eneral 'rinci'le t!at no tr%e ork o" art is obscene9 and t!%s t!at t!ere is no con"lict bet een t!e need to enco%ra#e "ree artistic e('ression and t!e need to 'rotect t!e sensibilities o" t!e '%blic "ro& obscenit,. 6!en ell8kno n orks #enerall, vie ed as obscene are cited as 'ossible co%ntere(a&'les9 t!e senator +%sti"ies acce'tin# t!e 'rinci'le b, sa,in# t!at i" t!ese orks reall, are obscene t!en t!e, cannot be orks o" art. T!e senators reasonin# contains !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# errors.A/ It seeks to 'ers%ade b, e&otional rat!er t!an intellect%al &eans. .1/ It contains an i&'licit contradiction. .C/ It relies on an assertion o" t!e senators a%t!orit,. .3/ It ass%&es !at it seeks to establis!. .E/ It atte&'ts to +%sti", a 'osition b, a''eal to an irrelevant consideration. H. =ntil !e as dis&issed a&id #reat controvers,9 :astin#s as considered one o" t!e #reatest intelli#ence a#ents o" all ti&e. It is clear t!at i" !is dis&issal as +%sti"ied9 t!en :astin#s as eit!er inco&'etent or else dislo,al. Soon a"ter t!e dis&issal9 !o ever9 it as s!o n t!at !e !ad never been inco&'etent. T!%s9 one is "orced to concl%de t!at :astin#s &%st !ave been dislo,al. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# states an ass%&'tion %'on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ :astin#ss dis&issal as +%sti"ied. .1/ :astin#s as a !i#!8rankin# intelli#ence o""icer. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.C/ T!e dis&issal o" an,one !o as dislo,al o%ld be +%sti"ied. .3/ An,one !ose dis&issal as +%sti"ied as dislo,al. .E/ I" so&eone as dislo,al or inco&'etent9 t!en !is dis&issal as +%sti"ied. 1I. An,one !o "ails to ans er a 'atients 0%estions cannot be a co&'etent '!,sician. T!at is !, I "eel con"ident abo%t &, '!,sicians co&'etence: s!e care"%ll, ans ers ever, one o" &, 0%estions9 no &atter !o trivial. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ An,one !o #ro s %' in a lar#e "a&il, is acc%sto&ed to &akin# co&'ro&ises. Meredit! is acc%sto&ed to &akin# co&'ro&ises9 so s!e &i#!t !ave #ro n %' in a lar#e "a&il,. .1/ An,one !o is not in "avor o" t!is 'ro'osal is ill in"or&ed on t!e iss%e. Jeanne o''oses t!e 'ro'osal9 so s!e is ill in"or&ed on t!e iss%e. .C/ 2o one !o likes &%sic &isses a 'er"or&ance o" t!e s,&'!on,. Fa%l likes &%sic9 ,et last eek !e &issed a 'er"or&ance o" t!e s,&'!on,. .3/ An,one !o orks t o or &ore +obs is %nable to "ind a balance bet een 'ro"essional and 'ersonal li"e. Ma##ie !as onl, one +ob9 so s!e can "ind a balance bet een !er 'ro"essional and 'ersonal li"e. .E/ 2o one !o is !ot8te&'ered and stron#8 illed ill s%cceed in t!is b%siness. Jere&, is stron#8 illed9 so !e ill not s%cceed in t!is b%siness. 11. T!e ann%al Jo%rnal "or F%blication9 !ic! o"ten solicits articles9 '%blis!es onl, t!ose articles t!at are bot! s%b&itted be"ore Marc! G and ritten b, certi"ied 's,c!oanal,sts9 Stevens9 !o '%blis!es "re0%entl, in 's,c!oanal,tic literat%re9 s%b&itted an article to t!e Jo%rnal be"ore Marc! G. T!is article as acce'ted "or '%blication in t!e Jo%rnal. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions "ollo s lo#icall, "ro& t!e state&ent above.A/ Stevens is a 's,c!oanal,st. .1/ T!e "ournal "re0%entl, acce'ts Stevens articles. .C/ Stevens is an a%t!orit, on a lar#e n%&ber o" to'ics in 's,c!oanal,sis. .3/ T!e "ournal asked Stevens to rite an article. .E/ Stevens recentl, acce'ted article ill be interestin# to "ournal readers. Questions 1!-13 Ar#%in# t!at t!ere as no trade bet een E%ro'e and East Asia in t!e earl, Middle A#es beca%se t!ere are no ritten records o" s%c! trade is like ar#%in# t!at t!e ,eti9 an a'elike creat%re s%''osedl, e(istin# in t!e :i&ala,as9 does not e(ist beca%se t!ere !ave been no scienti"icall, con"ir&ed si#!tin#s. A veri"iable si#!tin# o" t!e ,eti o%ld 'rove t!at t!e creat%re does e(ist9 b%t t!e absence o" si#!tin#s cannot 'rove t!at it does not. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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15. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best e('resses t!e 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Evidence "or t!e e(istence o" trade bet een E%ro'e and East Asia in t!e earl, Middle A#es is9 like evidence "or t!e e(istence o" t!e ,eti9 not scienti"icall, con"ir&ed. .1/ In order to 'rove t!at in t!e earl, Middle A#es t!ere as trade bet een E%ro'e and East Asia it is necessar, to "ind bot! Asian and E%ro'ean evidence t!at s%c! trade e(isted. .C/ T!at trade bet een E%ro'e and East Asia did not e(ist in t!e earl, Middle A#es cannot be establis!ed si&'l, b, t!e absence o" a certain sort o" evidence t!at t!is trade e(isted. .3/ T!e vie t!at t!ere as trade bet een E%ro'e and East Asia in t!e earl, Middle A#es can onl, be dis'roved b, s!o in# t!at no re"erences to t!is trade e(ist in s%rvivin# records. .E/ T!ere is no &ore evidence t!at trade bet een E%ro'e and East Asia e(isted in t!e earl, Middle A#es t!an t!ere is t!at t!e ,eti e(ists. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# considerations9 i" tr%e9 best co%nters t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Most o" t!e evidence "or t!e e(istence o" trade bet een E%ro'e and East Asia in t!e earl, Middle A#es is arc!aeolo#ical and t!ere"ore does not rel, on ritten records. .1/ Alt!o%#! ritten records o" trade in East Asia in t!e earl, Middle A#es s%rvived9 t!ere are al&ost no E%ro'e doc%&ents "ro& t!at 'eriod t!at &ention trade at all. .C/ An, trade bet een E%ro'e and East Asia in t!e earl, Middle A#es o%ld necessaril, !ave been o" ver, lo vol%&e and o%ld !ave involved !i#!8 'riced ite&s9 s%c! as 'recio%s &etals and silk. .3/ T!ere !ave been no con"ir&ed si#!tin#s o" t!e ,eti9 b%t t!ere is indirect evidence9 s%c! as "oot'rints9 !ic! i" it is acce'ted as a%t!entic o%ld establis! t!e ,etis e(istence. .E/ T!ere are s%rvivin# E%ro'ean and East Asian ritten records "ro& t!e earl, Middle A#es t!at do not &ention trade bet een t!e t o re#ions b%t o%ld !ave been ver, likel, to do so i" t!is trade !ad e(isted. 1C. 6!en t!e econo&, is in a recession9 overall de&and "or #oods and services is lo . I" overall de&and "or #oods and services is lo 9 bank interest rates are also lo . T!ere"ore9 i" bank interest rates are not lo 9 t!e econo&, is not in a recession. T!e reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ I" t!e resta%rant is "%ll9 t!e 'arkin# lot ill be "%ll9 and i" t!e 'arkin# lot is "%ll9 t!e resta%rant is "%ll9 so i" t!e 'arkin# lot is not "%ll9 t!e resta%rant is not "%ll. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.1/ I" t!e "is! is read,9 it is cooked all t!e a, t!ro%#!9 and i" it is cooked t!ro%#! it ill be !ite9 so i" t!e "is! is not !ite9 it is not read,. .C/ I" 'terodact,ls "le b, "la''in# t!eir in#s9 t!e, &%st !ave been ar&8 blooded9 so i" t!e, ere cold8blooded9 t!e, &%st !ave "lo n onl, b, #lidin#9 i" t!e, "le at all. .3/ I" ,o% ant to '%t in 'leats9 ,o% ill !ave to do%ble t!e a&o%nt o" &aterial "or t!e skirt9 and t!at &eans ,o% ill !ave none le"t "or t!e to'9 so i" ,o% '%t in 'leats ,o% ill not be able to &ake t!e to'. .E/ I" econo&ic "orecasters are ri#!t9 t!ere ill be in"lation9 and i" t!ere is in"lation9 t!e #overnin# 'art, ill lose t!e election9 so i" it does lose t!e election9 t!e econo&ic "orecasters ere ri#!t. 1@. T ent, ,ears a#o t!e Re'%blic o" Rosinia 'rod%ced nearl, 1II &illion tons o" 'otatoes9 b%t last ,ear t!e !arvest barel, reac!ed GI &illion tons. A#ric%lt%ral researc!ers9 !o !ave "ailed to develo' ne !i#!er ,ieldin# strains o" 'otatoes9 are to bla&e "or t!is decrease9 since t!e, !ave been concerned onl, it! t!eir o n researc! and not it! t!e needs o" Rosinia. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ An, c%rrent atte&'ts b, a#ric%lt%ral researc!ers to develo' !i#!er8,ieldin# 'otato strains are "%tile. .1/ Strains o" 'otatoes &ost co&&onl, #ro n in Rosinia co%ld not !ave 'rod%ced t!e ,ields last ,ear t!at t!e, once did. .C/ A#ric%lt%ral researc!ers o"ten "ind concrete sol%tions to 'ractical 'roble&s !en investi#atin# see&in#l, %nrelated 0%estions. .3/ 6ide "l%ct%ations in t!e si)e o" t!e 'otato cro' over a t ent,8,ear 'eriod are not %n%s%al. .E/ A#ric%lt%ral researc! in Rosinia is "%nded b, #overn&ent #rants. 1G. An ancient Favonian te(t describes !o an ar&, o" one &illion ene&ies o" Favonia sto''ed to drink at a certain lake and drank t!e lake dr,. Recentl,9 arc!aeolo#ists discovered t!at ater8based li"e as s%ddenl, absent +%st a"ter t!e event as alle#ed b, t!e te(t to !ave occ%rred. 7n t!e basis o" readin# t!e te(t and an acco%nt o" t!e arc!aeolo#ical evidence9 so&e st%dents concl%ded t!at t!e events described reall, took 'lace. 6!en one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 0%estionable tec!ni0%e %sed b, t!e st%dents to reac! t!eir concl%sion.A/ &akin# a #enerali)ation abo%t !istorical events on t!e basis o" a sin#le instance o" t!at t,'e o" event .1/ i#norin# available9 'otentiall, %se"%l co%nterevidence .C/ re+ectin# a !,'ot!esis beca%se it is see&in#l, sel"8contradictor, .3/ considerin# 'eo'le and locations !ose e(istence cannot be s%bstantiated b, &odern !istorians http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.E/ takin# evidence t!at a te(t !as correctl, described an e""ect to s!o t!at t!e te(t !as correctl, described t!e ca%se 1A. Sa&'les "ro& t!e "loor o" a rock s!elter in Fenns,lvania ere dated b, anal,)in# t!e carbon t!e, contained. T!e dates assi#ned to sa&'les associated it! !%&an activities "or&ed a consistent series9 be#innin# it! t!e 'resent and #oin# back in ti&e9 a series t!at as correlated it! t!e de't! "ro& !ic! t!e sa&'les ca&e. T!e oldest and dee'est sa&'le as dated at 1H9G@I ,ears be"ore t!e 'resent9 'l%s or &in%s 59CII ,ears. Ske'tic9 vie in# t!at date as too earl, and inconsistent it! t!e acce'ted date o" !%&an &i#ration into 2ort! A&erica9 s%##ested t!at t!e sa&'les co%ld !ave been conta&inated b, dissolved >old carbon? carried b, 'ercolatin# #ro%nd ater "ro& nearb, coal de'osits. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# considerations9 i" tr%e9 ar#%es &ost stron#l, a#ainst t!e s%##estion o" t!e ske'tics.A/ 2o likel, &ec!anis& o" conta&ination involvin# 'ercolatin# #ro%nd ater o%ld !ave a""ected t!e dee'er sa&'les "ro& t!e site it!o%t a""ectin# t!e %''er&ost sa&'le. .1/ 2ot ever, a''lication o" t!e carbon8datin# 'roced%re !as led to res%lts t!at !ave been #enerall, acce'table to scientists. .C/ T!ere is no evidence t!at 'eo'le ere %sin# coal "or "%el at an, ti&e !en t!e dee'est la,er &i#!t !ave been laid do n. .3/ 2o sa&'le in t!e series9 !en retested b, t!e carbon8datin# 'roced%re9 as assi#ned an earlier date t!an t!at assi#ned to a sa&'le "ro& a la,er above it. .E/ 2o 2ort! A&erican site besides t!e one in Fenns,lvania !as ever ,ielded a sa&'le to !ic! t!e carbon8datin# 'roced%re assi#ned a date t!at as co&'arabl, ancient. 1B. T!ose in"l%enced b, &odern 6estern science take it "or #ranted t!at a #en%ine belie" in astrolo#, is 'roo" o" a cred%lo%s and %nscienti"ic &ind. *et9 in t!e 'ast9 'eo'le o" indis'%table intellect%al and scienti"ic brilliance acce'ted astrolo#, as a "act. T!ere"ore9 t!ere is no scienti"ic basis "or re+ectin# astrolo#,. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ A belie" can be consistent it! t!e available evidence and acce'ted scienti"ic t!eories at one ti&e b%t not it! t!e acce'ted evidence and t!eories o" a later ti&e. .1/ Since it is controversial !et!er astrolo#, !as a scienti"ic basis9 an, ar#%&ent t!at atte&'ts to 'rove t!at it !as ill be s'ecio%s. .C/ Alt!o%#! t!e concl%sion is intended to !old in all c%lt%res9 t!e evidence advanced in its s%''ort is dra n onl, "ro& t!ose c%lt%res stron#l, in"l%enced b, &odern 6estern science. .3/ T!e i&'licit ass%&'tion t!at all 'ractitioners o" 6estern science believe in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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astrolo#, is "alse. .E/ T!e "act t!at t!ere &i#!t be le#iti&ate nonscienti"ic reasons "or re+ectin# astrolo#, !as been overlooked. 1H. A&, McConnell is considerin# r%nnin# "or election a#ainst t!e inc%&bent9 Gre#or, L%t). I" L%t) !as a lar#e ca&'ai#n "%nd9 t!en !e is alread, "ar a!ead9 and McConnell ill not r%n a#ainst !i&. I" L%t) does not !ave a lar#e ca&'ai#n "%nd9 McConnell ill scr%tini)e L%t)s record "or an, !ints o" scandal t!at s!e co%ld %se a#ainst !i&. An,t!in# o" a scandalo%s nat%re o%ld increase McConnells c!ances o" innin#9 and s!e o%ld ca&'ai#n "or election. I" L%t) !as a clean record9 !o ever9 McConnell ill not r%n a#ainst !i&. Given t!e in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be "alse.A/ L%t) does not !ave a lar#e ca&'ai#n "%nd9 and McConnell does not r%n a#ainst !i&. .1/ L%t)s record contains ite&s t!at o%ld increase McConnells c!ances o" innin#9 and s!e r%ns a#ainst !i&. .C/ L%t)s record contains scandalo%s ite&s9 and McConnell does not r%n a#ainst !i&. .3/ L%t)s record contains not!in# t!at o%ld increase McConnells c!ances o" innin#9 and s!e r%ns a#ainst !i&. .E/ L%t) !as a lar#e ca&'ai#n "%nd9 and McConnell does not r%n a#ainst !i&. 5I. Fs,c!ot!era', !as been described as a "or& o" &oral coercion. :o ever9 !en 'eo'le are coerced9 t!eir abilit, to &ake c!oices is restricted9 and t!e #oal o" 's,c!ot!era', is to en!ance 'eo'les abilit, to &ake c!oices. :ence9 's,c!ot!era', cannot 'ossibl, be a "or& o" coercion. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# describes a "la in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e 'osition bein# ar#%ed a#ainst is rede"ined %n"airl, in order to &ake it an easier tar#et. .1/ Fs,c!ot!era', is %n"airl, critici)ed "or !avin# a sin#le #oal9 rat!er t!an !avin# &an, co&'le( #oals. .C/ 2o allo ance is &ade "or t!e "act t!at t!e 'ractice or res%lts o" 's,c!ot!era', &i#!t r%n co%nter to its #oals. .3/ T!e #oals o" 's,c!ot!era', are taken to +%sti", an, &eans t!at are %sed to ac!ieve t!ose #oals. .E/ It o""ers no ar#%&ent to s!o t!at &oral coercion is al a,s %ndesirable. 51. Joel: A &,t! is a narrative told to conve, a co&&%nit,s traditional isdo&. M,t!s are not #enerall, told in t!e &odern orld beca%se t!ere are no lon#er bodies o" #enerall, acce'ted tr%t!s t!at can be conve,ed in t!is a,. Giselle: 7" co%rse t!ere are &,t!s in t!e &odern orld. $or e(a&'le9 t!ere is t!e &,t! o" t!e &ac!ine: e see t!e !%&an bod, as a &ac!ine9 to be "i(ed b, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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&endin# de"ective 'arts. T!is &a, not be a narrative9 b%t !at &edicall, trained s'ecialist can den, t!e e(istence o" t!at &,t!6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, c!aracteri)es Giselles res'onse to Joels state&ent.A/ It o""ers a scienti"ic e('lanation to a 'roble& o" literar, t!eor,. .1/ It 'oints o%t a eakness in Joels 'osition b, advancin# an analo#o%s 'osition. .C/ It is based on an %ns%''orted distinction bet een traditional societies and t!e &odern orld. .3/ It ass%&es t!at Joel is &edicall, trained s'ecialist. .E/ It o""ers a co%ntere(a&'le t!at calls into 0%estion 'art o" Joels de"inition o" &,t!. 55. T!e tr%e scienti"ic si#ni"icance o" a #ro%' o" %n%s%al "ossils discovered b, t!e 'aleontolo#ist C!arles 6alcott is &ore likel, to be re"lected in a recent classi"ication t!an it as in 6alcotts o n classi"ication. 6alcott as9 a"ter all9 a 'ro&inent &e&ber o" t!e scienti"ic establis!&ent. :is classi"ications are t!%s %nlikel, to !ave done an,t!in# b%t con"ir& !at establis!ed science !ad alread, taken to be tr%e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes a 0%estionable tec!ni0%e %sed in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It dra s concl%sions abo%t t!e &erit o" a 'osition and abo%t t!e content o" t!at 'osition "ro& evidence abo%t t!e 'ositions so%rce. .1/ It cites t o 'ieces o" evidence9 eac! o" !ic! is bot! 0%estionable and %nveri"iable9 and %ses t!is evidence to s%''ort its concl%sions. .C/ It bases a concl%sion on t o 're&ises t!at contradict eac! ot!er and &ini&i)es t!is contradiction b, t!e va#%eness o" t!e ter&s e&'lo,ed. .3/ It atte&'ts to establis! t!e validit, o" a clai&9 !ic! is ot!er ise %ns%''orted9 b, den,in# t!e tr%t! o" t!e o''osite o" t!at clai&. .E/ It anal,)es t!e 'ast on t!e basis o" social and 'olitical cate#ories t!at 'ro'erl, a''l, onl, to t!e 'resent and %ses t!e res%lts o" t!is anal,sis to s%''ort its concl%sion. 5<. Ant!on,: It !as been establis!ed t!at over BI 'ercent o" t!ose !o %se !eroin !ave a !istor, o" !avin# %sed &ari+%ana. S%c! evidence o%ld see& to 'rove t!at s&okin# &ari+%ana de"initel, leads to !eroin %se. J%dit!: Ma,be s&okin# &ari+%ana does lead to !eroin %se9 b%t it is abs%rd to t!inks t!at citin# t!ose statistics 'roves t!at it does. A"ter all9 1II 'ercent o" t!e 'eo'le !o take %' !eroin !ad a 'revio%s !istor, o" drinkin# ater. J%dit!s re'l, to Ant!on,s ar#%&ent relies on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies.A/ o""erin# evidence s%##estin# t!at t!e statistics Ant!on, cites in s%''ort o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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!is concl%sion are inacc%rate .1/ %nder&inin# t!e credibilit, o" !is concl%sion b, s!o in# t!at it is a state&ent "ro& !ic! abs%rd conse0%ences can be derived .C/ 'rovidin# an e(a&'le to s!o t!at not ever,t!in# t!at 'ro&otes !eroin %se is %nsa"e .3/ de&onstratin# t!at Ant!on,s line o" reasonin# is "la ed b, s!o in# s%c! reasonin# can lead to clearl, "alse concl%sions .E/ callin# into 0%estion t!e 'ossibilit, o" ever establis!in# ca%sal connections solel, on t!e basis o" statistical evidence 5C. R%&ored declines in a%to&obile8ind%str, reven%es are e(a##erated. It is tr%e t!at a%to&obile &an%"act%res s!are o" t!e ind%str,s reven%es "ell "ro& G@ 'ercent t o ,ears a#o to @I 'ercent toda,9 b%t over t!e sa&e 'eriod s%''liers o" a%to&obile 'arts !ad t!eir s!are increase "ro& 1@ 'ercent to 5I 'ercent and service co&'anies ."or e(a&'le9 distrib%tors9 dealers9 and re'airers/ !ad t!eir s!are increase "ro& 5I 'ercent to <I 'ercent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best indicates !, t!e statistics #iven above 'rovide b, t!e&selves no evidence "or t!e concl%sion t!e, are intended to s%''ort.A/ T!e 'ossibilit, is le"t o'en t!at t!e statistics "or &an%"act%res s!are o" reven%es co&e "ro& a di""erent so%rce t!an t!e ot!er statistics. .1/ 2o &atter !at c!an#es t!e a%to&obile ind%str,s overall reven%es %nder#o9 t!e total o" all s!ares o" t!ese reven%es &%st be 1II 'ercent. .C/ 2o e('lanation is #iven "or !, t!e reven%e s!ares o" di""erent sectors o" t!e ind%str, c!an#ed. .3/ Man%"act%res and 'arts co&'anies de'end "or t!eir reven%e on dealers s%ccess in sellin# cars. .E/ Reven%es are an i&'ortant "actor b%t are not t!e onl, "actor in deter&inin# 'ro"its. Questions !5-!& Fro'osals "or e(tendin# t!e =nited States sc!ool ,ear to brin# it &ore in line it! its E%ro'ean and Ja'anese co%nter'arts are o"ten &et it! t!e ob+ection t!at c%rtailin# t!e sc!ools t!ree8&ont! s%&&er vacation o%ld violate an establis!ed =nited States tradition datin# "ro& t!e nineteent! cent%r,. :o ever9 t!is ob+ection &isses its &ark. Tr%e9 in t!e nineteent! cent%r,9 t!e &a+orit, o" sc!ools closed "or t!ree &ont!s ever, s%&&er9 b%t onl, beca%se t!e, ere in r%ral areas !ere s%ccess"%l !arvests de'ended on c!ildren labor. I" an, 'olic, co%ld be +%sti"ied b, t!ose a''ears to tradition9 it o%ld be t!e 'olic, o" deter&inin# t!e len#t! o" t!e sc!ool ,ear accordin# to t!e needs o" t!e econo&,. 5@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" acce'ted9 o%ld 'rovide t!e stron#est +%sti"ication "or t!e concl%sion-

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<<G

.A/ T!at a #iven social 'olic, !as traditionall, been in "orce +%sti"ies &aintainin# t!at 'olic, onl, i" doin# so does not con"lict it! &ore 'ressin# social needs. .1/ A''eals to its o n traditions cannot e(c%se a co%ntr, "ro& t!e obli#ation to brin# its 'ractices in line it! t!e le#iti&ate e('ectations o" t!e rest o" t!e orld. .C/ 1eca%se a''eals to tradition o"ten serve to &ask t!e real interests at iss%e9 s%c! a''eals s!o%ld be disre#arded. .3/ Traditional 'rinci'les s!o%ld be discarded !en t!e, no lon#er serve t!e needs o" t!e econo&,. .E/ T!e act%al tradition e&bodied in a #iven 'ractice can be acc%ratel, identi"ied onl, b, re"erence to t!e reasons t!at ori#inall, 'ro&'ted t!at 'ractice. 5G. T!e ar#%&ent co%nters t!e ob+ection b, .A/ 'rovidin# evidence to s!o t!at t!e ob+ection relies on a &is%nderstandin# abo%t t!e a&o%nt o" ti&e eac! ,ear =nited States sc!ools traditionall, !ave been closed .1/ callin# into 0%estion t!e relevance o" in"or&ation abo%t !istorical 'ractices to c%rrent dis'%tes abo%t 'ro'osed social c!an#e .C/ ar#%in# "or an alternative %nderstandin# o" t!e nat%re o" t!e =nited States tradition re#ardin# t!e len#t! o" t!e sc!ool ,ear .3/ s!o in# t!at t!ose !o o''ose e(tendin# t!e sc!ool ,ear !ave no #en%ine concern "or tradition .E/ de&onstratin# t!at tradition +%sti"ies brin#in# t!e =nited States sc!ool ,ear in line it! t!at o" t!e rest o" t!e ind%striali)ed orld

TEST 7
SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

1e"ore t!e 'rintin# 'ress9 books co%ld be '%rc!ased onl, in e('ensive &an%scri't co'ies. T!e 'rintin# 'ress 'rod%ced books t!at ere si#ni"icantl, less e('ensive t!an t!e &an%scri't editions. T!e '%blics de&and "or 'rinted books in t!e "irst ,ears a"ter t!e invention o" t!e 'rintin# 'ress as &an, ti&es #reater t!an de&and !ad been "or &an%scri't co'ies. T!is increase de&onstrates t!at t!ere as a dra&atic +%&' in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o learned !o to read in t!e ,ears a"ter '%blis!ers "irst started 'rod%cin# books on t!e 'rintin# 'ress. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 casts do%bt on t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 3%rin# t!e "irst ,ears a"ter t!e invention o" t!e 'rintin# 'ress9 letter ritin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<<A

b, 'eo'le !o rote it!o%t t!e assistance o" scribes or clerks e(!ibited a dra&atic increase. .1/ 1ooks 'rod%ced on t!e 'rintin# 'ress are o"ten "o%nd it! ritten co&&ents in t!e &ar#ins in t!e !and ritin# o" t!e 'eo'le !o o ned t!e books. .C/ In t!e "irst ,ears a"ter t!e 'rintin# 'ress as invented9 'rinted books ere '%rc!ased 'ri&aril, b, 'eo'le !o !ad al a,s bo%#!t and read e('ensive &an%scri'ts b%t co%ld a""ord a #reater n%&ber o" 'rinted books "or t!e sa&e &one,. .3/ 1ooks t!at ere 'rinted on t!e 'rintin# 'ress in t!e "irst ,ears a"ter its invention o"ten circ%lated a&on# "riends in in"or&al readin# cl%bs or libraries. .E/ T!e "irst 'rinted books '%blis!ed a"ter t!e invention o" t!e 'rintin# 'ress o%ld !ave been %seless to illiterate 'eo'le9 since t!e books !ad virt%all, no ill%strations. 5. 1eve(9 an arti"icial s eetener %sed onl, in so"t drinks9 is carcino#enic "or &ice9 b%t onl, !en it is cons%&ed in ver, lar#e 0%antities. To in#est an a&o%nt o" 1eve( e0%ivalent to t!e a&o%nt "ed to t!e &ice in t!e relevant st%dies9 a 'erson o%ld !ave to drink 5@ cans o" 1eve(8s eetened so"t drinks 'er da,. $or t!at reason9 1eve( is in "act sa"e "or 'eo'le. In order "or t!e concl%sion t!at 1eve( is sa"e "or 'eo'le to be 'ro'erl, dra n9 !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ Cancer "ro& carcino#enic s%bstances develo's &ore slo l, in &ice t!an it does in 'eo'le. .1/ I" all "ood additives t!at are c%rrentl, %sed in "oods ere tested9 so&e o%ld be "o%nd to be carcino#enic "or &ice. .C/ Feo'le drink "e er t!an 5@ cans o" 1eve(8s eetened soda 'er da,. .3/ Feo'le can obtain i&'ortant !ealt! bene"its b, controllin# t!eir ei#!t t!ro%#! t!e %se o" arti"iciall, s eetened so"t drinks. .E/ So&e o" t!e st%dies done on 1eve( ere not relevant to t!e 0%estion o" !et!er or not 1eve( is carcino#enic "or 'eo'le. <. :arr,: Airlines !ave &ade it 'ossible "or an,one to travel aro%nd t!e orld in &%c! less ti&e t!an as "or&erl, 'ossible. J%dit!: T!at is not tr%e. Man, "li#!ts are too e('ensive "or all b%t t!e ric!. J%dit!s res'onse s!o s t!at s!e inter'rets :arr,s state&ent to i&'l, t!at .A/ t!e &a+orit, o" 'eo'le are ric! .1/ ever,one !as an e0%al ri#!t to e('erience orld travel .C/ orld travel is onl, 'ossible via ro%tes serviced b, airlines .3/ &ost "or&s o" orld travel are not a""ordable "or &ost 'eo'le .E/ an,one can a""ord to travel lon# distances b, air http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<<B

C.

2%tritionists !ave reco&&ended t!at 'eo'le eat &ore "iber. Advertise&ents "or a ne "iber8s%''le&ent 'ill state onl, t!at it contains >CC 'ercent "iber?. T!e advertisin# clai& is &isleadin# in its selection o" in"or&ation on !ic! to "oc%s i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is tr%e.A/ T!ere are ot!er 'rod%cts on t!e &arket t!at are advertised as 'rovidin# "iber as a dietar, s%''le&ent. .1/ 2%tritionists base t!eir reco&&endation on &edical "indin#s t!at dietar, "iber 'rotects a#ainst so&e kinds o" cancer. .C/ It is 'ossible to beco&e addicted to so&e kinds o" advertised 'ills9 s%c! as slee'in# 'ills and 'ainkillers. .3/ T!e label o" t!e advertised 'rod%ct reco&&ends takin# < 'ills ever, da,. .E/ T!e reco&&ended dail, intake o" "iber is 5I to <I #ra&s9 and t!e 'ill contains one8t!ird #ra&.

@.

Man, environ&entalists !ave %r#ed environ&ental a areness on cons%&ers9 sa,in# t!at i" e acce't &oral res'onsibilit, "or o%r e""ects on t!e environ&ent9 t!en 'rod%cts t!at directl, or indirectl, !ar& t!e environ&ent o%#!t to be avoided. =n"ort%natel, it is %s%all, i&'ossible "or cons%&ers to assess t!e environ&ental i&'act o" a 'rod%ct9 and t!%s i&'ossible "or t!e& to conscio%sl, restrict t!eir '%rc!ases to environ&entall, beni#n 'rod%cts. 1eca%se o" t!is i&'ossibilit, t!ere can be no &oral d%t, to c!oose 'rod%cts in t!e a, t!ese environ&entalists %r#e9 since;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les 'rovides t!e &ost a''ro'riate co&'letion "or t!e ar#%&ent.A/ a &oral d%t, to 'er"or& an action is never based solel, on t!e e""ects t!e action ill !ave on ot!er 'eo'le .1/ a 'erson cannot 'ossibl, !ave a &oral d%t, to do !at !e or s!e is %nable to do .C/ &oral considerations s!o%ld not be t!e sole deter&inants o" !at 'rod%cts are &ade available to cons%&ers .3/ t!e &orall, ri#!t action is al a,s t!e one !ose e""ects 'rod%ce t!e least total !ar& .E/ !ere a &oral d%t, e(ists9 it s%'ersedes an, le#al d%t, and an, ot!er kind o" d%t,

G.

Advertise&ent: An,one !o e(ercises kno s "ro& "irst!and e('erience t!at e(ercise leads to better 'er"or&ance o" s%c! '!,sical or#ans as t!e !eart and l%n#s9 as ell as to i&'rove&ent in &%scle tone. And since ,o%r brain is a '!,sical or#an9 ,o%r actions can i&'rove its 'er"or&ance9 too. Act no . S%bscribe to Sti&%l%s: read t!e &a#a)ine t!at e(ercises ,o%r brain. T!e Advertise&ent e&'lo,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ieshttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<<H

.A/ It cites e('eri&ental evidence t!at s%bscribin# to t!e 'rod%ct bein# advertised !as desirable conse0%ences. .1/ It ridic%les 'eo'le !o do not s%bscribe to /ti,ulus b, s%##estin# t!at t!e, do not believe t!at e(ercise ill i&'rove brain ca'acit,. .C/ It e('lains t!e 'rocess b, !ic! t!e 'rod%ct bein# advertised brin#s abo%t t!e res%lt clai&ed "or its %se. .3/ It s%''orts its reco&&endation b, a care"%l anal,sis o" t!e conce't o" e(ercise. .E/ It i&'lies t!at brains and &%scle are si&ilar in one res'ect beca%se t!e, are si&ilar in anot!er res'ect. Questions '- 8 Co!erent sol%tions "or t!e 'roble& o" red%cin# !ealt!8care costs cannot be "o%nd it!in t!e c%rrent 'iece&eal .done9 &ade9 or acco&'lis!ed 'iece b, 'iece or in a "ra#&entar, a, S'iece&eal re"or&s in t!e s,ste&S/ s,ste& o" 'a,in# t!ese costs. T!e reason is t!at t!is s,ste& #ives !ealt!8care 'roviders and ins%rers ever, incentive to s!i"t9 !erever 'ossible9 t!e costs o" treatin# illness onto eac! ot!er or an, ot!er 'art,9 incl%din# t!e 'atient. T!at clearl, is t!e lesson o" t!e vario%s re"or&s o" t!e 1HBIs: '%s! in on one 'art o" t!is 'liable s'endin# balloon and an e0%all, e('ensive b%l#e 'o's %' else !ere. $or e(a&'le9 !en t!e #overn&ent !ealt!8care ins%rance 'ro#ra& "or t!e 'oor c%t costs b, disallo in# 'a,&ents "or so&e visits to '!,sicians9 'atients it! advanced illness later 'resented t!e&selves at !os'ital e&er#enc, roo&s in increased n%&bers. A. T!e ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ s!o in# t!at s!i"tin# costs onto t!e 'atient contradicts t!e 're&ise o" !ealt!8 care rei&b%rse&ent .1/ attrib%tin# it!o%t +%sti"ication "ra%d%lent intent to 'eo'le .C/ e&'lo,in# an analo#, to c!aracteri)e interrelations!i's .3/ den,in# t!e 'ossibilit, o" a sol%tion b, dis'ara#in# eac! 'ossible alternative s,ste& .E/ de&onstratin# t!at coo'eration is "easible b, citin# an instance B. T!e ar#%&ent 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ =nder t!e conditions in !ic! t!e c%rrent s,ste& o'erates9 t!e overall vol%&e o" !ealt!8care costs co%ld be s!r%nk9 i" at all9 onl, b, a co&'re!ensive a''roac!. .1/ Relative to t!e reso%rces available "or !ealt!8care "%ndin#9 t!e inco&e o" t!e !i#!er8'aid !ealt!8care 'ro"essionals is too !i#!. .C/ :ealt!8care costs are e('andin# to &eet additional "%nds t!at !ave been &ade available "or t!e&. .3/ Advances in &edical tec!nolo#, !ave raised t!e e('ected standards o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<CI

&edical care b%t !ave 'roved e('ensive. .E/ Since %n"illed !os'ital beds contrib%te to over!ead c!ar#es on eac! 'atients bill9 it o%ld be %n ise to !old %n%sed !os'ital ca'acit, in reserve "or lar#e8scale e&er#encies. H. T!e co&&ercial ne s &edia e&'!asi)e e(ce'tional events s%c! as air'lane cras!es at t!e e('ense o" t!ose s%c! as a%to&obile accidents9 !ic! occ%r "ar &ore "re0%entl, and re'resent a "ar #reater risk to t!e '%blic. *et t!e '%blic tends to inter'ret t!e de#ree o" e&'!asis t!e ne s &edia #ive to t!ese occ%rrences as indicatin# t!e de#ree o" risk t!e, re'resent. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is &ore stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e&.A/ Frint &edia9 s%c! as ne s'a'ers and &a#a)ines9 are a better so%rce o" in"or&ation t!an are broadcast &edia. .1/ T!e e&'!asis #iven in t!e co&&ercial ne s &edia to &a+or catastro'!es is dictated b, t!e '%blics taste "or t!e e(traordinar,. .C/ Events over !ic! 'eo'le "eel t!e, !ave no control are #enerall, 'erceived as &ore dan#ero%s t!an t!ose !ic! 'eo'le "eel t!e, can avert or avoid. .3/ 6!ere co&&ercial ne s &edia constit%te t!e do&inant so%rce o" in"or&ation9 '%blic 'erce'tion o" risk does not re"lect act%al risk. .E/ A &assive o%tbreak o" c!olera ill be covered &ore e(tensivel, b, t!e ne s &edia t!an ill t!e occ%rrence o" a rarer b%t less serio%s disease. 1I. A lar#e #ro%' o" !,'eractive c!ildren !ose re#%lar diets incl%ded "ood containin# lar#e a&o%nts o" additives as observed b, researc!ers trained to assess t!e 'resence or absence o" be!avior 'roble&s. T!e c!ildren ere t!en 'laced on a lo 8additive diet "or several eeks9 a"ter !ic! t!e, ere observed a#ain. 7ri#inall, nearl, GI 'ercent o" t!e c!ildren e(!ibited be!avior 'roble&sD a"ter t!e c!an#e in diet9 onl, <I 'ercent did so. 7n t!e basis o" t!ese data9 it can be concl%ded t!at "ood additives can contrib%te to be!avior 'roble&s in !,'eractive c!ildren. T!e evidence cited "ails to establis! t!e concl%sion beca%se .A/ t!ere is no evidence t!at t!e red%ction in be!avior 'roble&s as 'ro'ortionate to t!e red%ction in "ood8additive intake .1/ t!ere is no a, to kno !at c!an#es o%ld !ave occ%rred it!o%t t!e c!an#e o" diet9 since onl, c!ildren !o c!an#ed to a lo 8additive diet ere st%died .C/ e(actl, !o &an, c!ildren e(!ibited be!avior 'roble&s a"ter t!e c!an#e in diet cannot be deter&ined9 since t!e si)e o" t!e #ro%' st%died is not 'recisel, #iven .3/ t!ere is no evidence t!at t!e be!avior o" so&e o" t!e c!ildren as %na""ected b, additives http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<C1

.E/ t!e evidence is consistent it! t!e clai& t!at so&e c!ildren e(!ibit &ore "re0%ent be!avior 'roble&s a"ter bein# on t!e lo 8additive diet t!an t!e, !ad e(!ibited !en "irst observed 11. In 1HHI &a+or en#ine re'airs ere 'er"or&ed on 1I 'ercent o" t!e cars t!at !ad been b%ilt b, t!e 2ational Motor Co&'an, in t!e 1HAIs and t!at ere still re#istered. :o ever9 t!e corres'ondin# "i#%re "or t!e cars t!at t!e 2ational Motor Co&'an, !ad &an%"act%red in t!e 1HGIs as onl, "ive 'ercent. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e discre'anc,.A/ Govern&ent &otor ve!icle re#%lations #enerall, re0%ire all cars9 !et!er old or ne 9 to be ins'ected "or e&ission levels 'rior to re#istration. .1/ 7 ners o" ne cars tend to drive t!eir cars &ore care"%ll, t!an do o ners o" old cars. .C/ T!e older a car is9 t!e &ore likel, it is to be discarded "or scra' rat!er t!an re'aired !en &a+or en#ine ork is needed to kee' t!e car in o'eration. .3/ T!e cars t!at t!e 2ational Motor Co&'an, b%ilt in t!e 1HAIs incor'orated si&'li"ied en#ine desi#ns t!at &ade t!e en#ines less co&'licated t!an t!ose o" earlier &odels. .E/ Man, o" t!e re'airs t!at ere 'er"or&ed on t!e cars t!at t!e 2ational Motor Co&'an, b%ilt in t!e 1HGIs co%ld !ave been avoided i" 'eriodic ro%tine &aintenance !ad been 'er"or&ed. 15. 2o &at!e&atician toda, o%ld "latl, re"%se to acce't t!e res%lts o" an enor&o%s co&'%tation as an ade0%ate de&onstration o" t!e tr%t! o" a t!eore&. In 1HAG9 !o ever9 t!is as not t!e case. So&e &at!e&aticians at t!at ti&e re"%sed to acce't t!e res%lts o" a co&'le( co&'%ter de&onstration o" a ver, si&'le &a''in# t!eore&. Alt!o%#! so&e &at!e&aticians still !old a stron# belie" t!at a si&'le t!eore& o%#!t to !ave a s!ort9 si&'le 'roo"9 in "act9 so&e si&'le t!eore&s !ave re0%ired enor&o%s 'roo"s. I" all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ Toda,9 so&e &at!e&aticians !o believe t!at a si&'le t!eore& o%#!t to !ave a si&'le 'roo" o%ld consider acce'tin# t!e res%lts o" an enor&o%s co&'%tation as a de&onstration o" t!e tr%t! o" a t!eore&. .1/ So&e individ%als !o believe t!at a si&'le t!eore& o%#!t to !ave a si&'le 'roo" are not &at!e&aticians. .C/ Toda,9 so&e individ%als !o re"%se to acce't t!e res%lts o" an enor&o%s co&'%tation as a de&onstration o" t!e tr%t! o" a t!eore& believe t!at a si&'le t!eore& o%#!t to !ave a si&'le 'roo". .3/ So&e individ%als !o do not believe t!at a si&'le t!eore& o%#!t to !ave a si&'le 'roo" o%ld not be illin# to acce't t!e res%lts o" an enor&o%s co&'%tation as 'roo" o" a co&'le( t!eore&. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<C5

.E/ So&e non&at!e&aticians do not believe t!at a si&'le t!eore& o%#!t to !ave a si&'le 'roo". 1<. I" ,o% cli&b &o%ntains9 ,o% ill not live to a ri'e old a#e. 1%t ,o% ill be bored %nless ,o% cli&b &o%ntains. T!ere"ore9 i" ,o% live to a ri'e old a#e ,o% ill !ave been bored. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ents above.A/ I" ,o% do not tr, to s i&9 ,o% ill not learn !o to s i&. 1%t ,o% ill not be sa"e in boats i" ,o% do not learn !o to s i&. T!ere"ore9 ,o% &%st tr, to s i&. .1/ I" ,o% do not 'la, #ol"9 ,o% ill not en+o, t!e eekend. 1%t ,o% ill be tired ne(t eek %nless ,o% rela( d%rin# t!e eekend. T!ere"ore9 to en+o, t!e eekend9 ,o% ill !ave to rela( b, 'la,in# #ol". .C/ I" ,o% ork "or ,o%r candidate9 ,o% ill not i&'rove ,o%r #%itar 'la,in#. 1%t ,o% ill ne#lect ,o%r civic d%t, %nless ,o% ork "or ,o%r candidate. T!ere"ore9 i" ,o% i&'rove ,o%r #%itar 'la,in#9 ,o% ill !ave ne#lected ,o%r civic d%t,. .3/ I" ,o% do not train9 ,o% ill not be a #ood at!lete. 1%t ,o% ill beco&e e(!a%sted easil, %nless ,o% train. T!ere"ore9 i" ,o% train9 ,o% ill not !ave beco&e e(!a%sted easil,. .E/ I" ,o% s'end all o" ,o%r &one,9 ,o% ill not beco&e ealt!,. 1%t ,o% ill beco&e !%n#r, %nless ,o% s'end all o" ,o%r &one,. T!ere"ore9 i" ,o% beco&e ealt!,9 ,o% ill not beco&e !%n#r,. 1C. Marine biolo#ists !ad !,'ot!esi)ed t!at lobsters ke't to#et!er in lobster tra's eat one anot!er in res'onse to !%n#er. Feriodic c!eckin# o" lobster tra's9 !o ever9 !as revealed instances o" lobsters s!arin# tra's to#et!er "or eeks. Ei#!t lobsters even s!ared one tra' to#et!er "or t o &ont!s it!o%t eatin# one anot!er. T!e &arine biolo#ists !,'ot!esis9 t!ere"ore9 is clearl, ron#. T!e ar#%&ent a#ainst t!e &arine biolo#ists !,'ot!esis is based on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Lobsters not ca%#!t in lobster tra's !ave been observed eatin# one anot!er. .1/ T o &ont!s is t!e lon#est kno n 'eriod d%rin# !ic! ei#!t or &ore lobsters !ave been tra''ed to#et!er. .C/ It is %n%s%al to "ind as &an, as ei#!t lobsters ca%#!t to#et!er in one sin#le tra'. .3/ Me&bers o" ot!er &arine s'ecies so&eti&es eat t!eir o n kind !en no ot!er "ood so%rces are available. .E/ An, "ood t!at t!e ei#!t lobsters in t!e tra' &i#!t !ave obtained as not eno%#! to ard o"" !%n#er. 1@. Ei#!t ,ears a#o !%ntin# as banned in Green"ield Co%nt, on t!e #ro%nds t!at http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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<C<

!%ntin# endan#ers '%blic sa"et,. 2o t!e deer 'o'%lation in t!e co%nt, is si( ti&es !at it as be"ore t!e ban. 3eer are invadin# residential areas9 da&a#in# 'ro'ert, and ca%sin# &otor ve!icle accidents t!at res%lt in serio%s in+%r, to &otorists. Since t!ere ere never an, !%ntin#8related in+%ries in t!e co%nt,9 clearl, t!e ban as not onl, %nnecessar, b%t !as created a dan#er to '%blic sa"et, t!at o%ld not ot!er ise e(ist. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e stron#est additional s%''ort "or t!e concl%sion above.A/ In s%rro%ndin# co%nties9 !ere !%ntin# is 'er&itted9 t!e si)e o" t!e deer 'o'%lation !as not increased in t!e last ei#!t ,ears. .1/ Motor ve!icle accidents involvin# deer o"ten res%lt in da&a#e to t!e ve!icle9 in+%r, to t!e &otorist9 or bot!. .C/ 6!en deer 'o'%lations increase be,ond o'ti&al si)e9 disease and &aln%trition beco&e &ore ides'read a&on# t!e deer !erds. .3/ In residential areas in t!e co%nt,9 &an, residents 'rovide "ood and salt "or deer. .E/ 3eer can ca%se e(tensive da&a#e to orna&ental s!r%bs and trees b, c!e in# on t i#s and sa'lin#s. 1G. Co&ets do not #ive o"" t!eir o n li#!t b%t re"lect li#!t "ro& ot!er so%rces9 s%c! as t!e S%n. Scientists esti&ate t!e &ass o" co&ets b, t!eir bri#!tness: t!e #reater a co&ets &ass9 t!e &ore li#!t t!at co&et ill re"lect. A satellite 'robe9 !o ever9 !as revealed t!at t!e &aterial o" !ic! :alle,s co&et is co&'osed re"lects GI ti&es less li#!t 'er %nit o" &ass t!an !ad been 'revio%sl, t!o%#!t. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 #ive t!e &ost s%''ort to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ So&e co&ets are co&'osed o" &aterial t!at re"lects GI ti&es &ore li#!t 'er %nit o" &ass t!an t!e &aterial o" !ic! :alle,s co&et is co&'osed. .1/ Frevio%s esti&ates o" t!e &ass o" :alle,s co&et !ic! ere base on its bri#!tness ere too lo . .C/ T!e total a&o%nt o" li#!t re"lected "ro& :alle,s co&et is less t!an scientists !ad 'revio%sl, t!o%#!t. .3/ T!e re"lective 'ro'erties o" t!e &aterial o" !ic! co&ets are co&'osed var, considerabl, "ro& co&et to co&et. .E/ Scientists need &ore in"or&ation be"ore t!e, can &ake a #ood esti&ate o" t!e &ass o" :alle,s co&et. 1A. 7""ice &ana#er: I ill not order rec,cled 'a'er "or t!is o""ice. 7%r letters to clients &%st &ake a #ood i&'ression9 so e cannot 'rint t!e& on in"erior 'a'er. Stationer, s%''lier: rec,cled 'a'er is not necessaril, in"erior. In "act9 "ro& t!e be#innin#9 t!e "inest 'a'er !as been &ade o" rec,cled &aterial. It as onl, in t!e 1B@Is t!at 'a'er be#an to be &ade "ro& ood "iber9 and t!en onl, beca%se t!ere http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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ere no lon#er eno%#! ra#s to &eet t!e de&and "or 'a'er. In !ic! o" t!e "ollo in# a,s does t!e stationers res'onse "ail to address t!e o""ice &ana#ers ob+ection to rec,cled 'a'er.A/ It does not reco#ni)e t!at t!e o""ice &ana#ers 're+%dice a#ainst rec,cled 'a'er ste&s "ro& i#norance. .1/ It %ses irrelevant "acts to +%sti", a clai& abo%t t!e 0%alit, o" t!e dis'%ted 'rod%ct. .C/ It ass%&es t!at t!e o""ice &ana#er is concerned abo%t environ&ental iss%es. .3/ It 'res%''oses t!at t!e o""ice &ana#er %nderstands t!e basic tec!nolo#, o" 'a'er &an%"act%rin#. .E/ It i#nores t!e o""ice &ana#ers le#iti&ate concern abo%t 0%alit,. Question 18-19 6!en Alicia Green borro ed a nei#!bors car it!o%t 'er&ission9 t!e 'olice &erel, #ave !er a arnin#. :o ever9 !en Feter $oster did t!e sa&e t!in#9 !e as c!ar#ed it! a%to&obile t!e"t. Feter ca&e to t!e attention o" t!e 'olice beca%se t!e car !e as drivin# as !it b, a s'eedin# ta(i. Alicia as sto''ed beca%se t!e car s!e as drivin# !ad de"ective tailli#!ts. It is tr%e t!at t!e car Feter took #ot da&a#ed and t!e car Alicia took did not9 b%t since it as t!e ta(i t!at ca%sed t!e da&a#e t!is di""erence as not d%e to an, di""erence in t!e bla&e ort!iness o" t!eir be!avior. T!ere"ore9 Alicia s!o%ld also !ave been c!ar#ed it! a%to&obile t!e"t. 1B. T!e state&ent t!at t!e car Feter took #ot da&a#ed and t!e car Alicia took did not 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It 'resents a reason t!at directl, s%''orts t!e concl%sion. .1/ It +%sti"ies t!e di""erence in t!e act%al o%tco&e in t!e t o cases. .C/ It de&onstrates a areness o" a "act on !ic! a 'ossible ob+ection &i#!t be based. .3/ It ill%strates a #eneral 'rinci'le on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent relies. .E/ It s%&&ari)es a 'osition a#ainst !ic! t!e ar#%&ent is directed. 1H. I" all o" t!e clai&s o""ered in s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion are acc%rate9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# co%ld be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ T!e interests o" +%stice o%ld !ave been better served i" t!e 'olice !ad released Feter $oster it! a arnin#. .1/ Alicia Green !ad never be"ore driven a car belon#in# to so&eone else it!o%t "irst sec%rin# t!e o ners 'er&ission. .C/ Feter $oster as !it b, t!e ta(i !ile !e as r%nnin# a red li#!t9 !ereas Alicia Green drove it! e(tra care to avoid dra in# t!e attention o" t!e 'olice to t!e car s!e !ad taken. .3/ Alicia Green barel, &issed !ittin# a 'edestrian !en s!e s'ed t!ro%#! a red li#!t ten &in%tes be"ore s!e as sto''ed b, t!e 'olice "or drivin# a car t!at http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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!ad de"ective tailli#!ts. .E/ Feter $oster !ad been cited "or s'eedin# t ice in t!e 'recedin# &ont!9 !ereas Alicia Green !ad never been cited "or a tra""ic violation. 5I. Accordin# to so%rces !o can be e('ected to kno 9 3r. Maria Es'osito is #oin# to r%n in t!e &a,oral election. 1%t i" 3r. Es'osito r%ns9 Jero&e Mras&an ill certainl, not r%n a#ainst !er. T!ere"ore 3r. Es'osito ill be t!e onl, candidate in t!e election. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Accordin# to its &ana#e&ent9 1ro ns Stores ill &ove ne(t ,ear. 6it!o%t 1ro ns bein# 'resent9 no ne lar#e store can be attracted to t!e do nto n area. T!ere"ore t!e do nto n area ill no lon#er be viable as a s!o''in# district. .1/ T!e 'ress release sa,s t!at t!e rock #ro%' Rollercoaster is 'la,in# a concert on Sat%rda,. It ont be 'la,in# on $rida, i" it 'la,s on Sat%rda,. So Sat%rda, ill be t!e onl, da, t!is eek on !ic! Rollercoaster ill 'er"or&. .C/ Jos!%a sa,s t!e intervie in# 'anel as i&'ressed b, Maril,n. 1%t i" t!e, ere i&'ressed b, Maril,n9 t!e, 'robabl, t!o%#!t less o" Sven. Jos!%a is 'robabl, ri#!t9 and so Sven ill 'robabl, not #et t!e +ob. .3/ An in"or&ant sa,s t!at R%sti&ann as involved in t!e bank robber,9 I" R%sti&ann as involved9 Jones as certainl, not involved. Since t!ese t o are t!e onl, 'eo'le !o co%ld !ave been involved. R%sti&ann is t!e onl, 'erson t!e 'olice need to arrest. .E/ T!e revie said t!at t!is book is t!e best one "or be#inners at 'ro#ra&&in#. I" t!is book is t!e best9 t!at ot!er one cant be as #ood. So t!is one is t!e book e s!o%ld b%,. 51. T!e initial ca%ses o" serio%s accidents at n%clear 'o er 'lants !ave not so "ar been "la s in t!e advanced8tec!nolo#, 'ortion o" t!e 'lants. Rat!er9 t!e initial ca%ses !ave been attrib%ted to !%&an error9 as !en a orker at t!e 1ro ns Mills reactor in t!e =nited States dro''ed a candle and started a "ire9 or to "la s in t!e 'l%&bin#9 e(e&'li"ied in a recent incident in Ja'an. S%c! ever,da, events cannot be t!o%#!t %nlikel, to occ%r over t!e lon# r%n. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e state&ents above.A/ 2o t!at n%clear 'o er #eneration !as beco&e a 'art o" ever,da, li"e9 an ever8increasin# ,earl, incidence o" serio%s accidents at 'lants can be e('ected. .1/ I" n%clear 'o er 'lants contin%e in o'eration9 a serio%s accident at s%c! a 'lant is not i&'robable. .C/ T!e likeli!ood o" !%&an error at t!e o'eratin# consoles o" n%clear 'o er http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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<CG

#enerators cannot be lessened b, t!o%#!t"%l desi#n o" dials9 s itc!es9 and dis'la,s. .3/ T!e desi#n o" n%clear 'o er 'lants atte&'ts to co&'ensate "or 'ossible "ail%res o" t!e &aterials %sed in t!eir constr%ction. .E/ 2o serio%s accident ill be ca%sed in t!e "%t%re b, so&e "la in t!e advanced8tec!nolo#, 'ortion o" a n%clear 'o er 'lant. 55. T!ere is a ides'read belie" t!at 'eo'le can 'redict i&'endin# eart!0%akes "ro& %n%s%al ani&al be!avior. Ske'tics clai& t!at t!is belie" is based on selective coincidence: 'eo'le !ose do#s be!aved oddl, +%st be"ore an eart!0%ake ill be es'eciall, likel, to re&e&ber t!at "act. At an, #iven ti&e9 t!e ske'tics sa,9 so&e o" t!e orlds do#s ill be be!avin# oddl,. Clari"ication o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# iss%es o%ld be &ost i&'ortant to an eval%ation o" t!e ske'tics 'osition.A/ 6!ic! is lar#er9 t!e n%&ber o" ske'tics or t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o believe t!at ani&al be!avior can "ores!ado eart!0%akes.1/ Are t!ere &eans ot!er t!an t!e observation o" ani&al be!avior t!at nonscientists can %se to 'redict eart!0%akes.C/ Are t!ere ani&als abo%t !ose be!avior 'eo'le kno too little to be able to distin#%is! %n%s%al "ro& ever,da, be!avior.3/ Are t!e sorts o" be!avior s%''osedl, 'redictive o" eart!0%akes as 'rono%nced in do#s as t!e, are in ot!er ani&als.E/ Is t!e ani&al be!avior s%''osedl, 'redictive o" eart!0%akes s'eci"ic to i&'endin# eart!0%akes or can it be an, kind o" %n%s%al be!avior5<. 3e"endants !o can a""ord e('ensive 'rivate de"ense la ,ers !ave a lo er conviction rate t!an t!ose !o rel, on co%rt8a''ointed '%blic de"enders. T!is e('lains !, cri&inals !o co&&it l%crative cri&es like e&be))le&ent or insider tradin# are &ore s%ccess"%l at avoidin# conviction t!an are street cri&inals. T!e e('lanation o""ered above o%ld be &ore 'ers%asive i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ere tr%e.A/ Man, street cri&es9 s%c! as dr%# dealin#9 are e(tre&el, l%crative and t!ose co&&ittin# t!e& can a""ord e('ensive 'rivate la ,ers. .1/ Most 'rosec%tors are not co&'etent to !andle cases involvin# !i#!l, tec!nical "inancial evidence and !ave &ore s%ccess in 'rosec%tin# cases o" robber, or si&'le assa%lt. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" cri&inals convicted o" street cri&es is "ar #reater t!an t!e n%&ber o" cri&inals convicted o" e&be))le&ent or insider tradin#. .3/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" de"endants !o act%all, co&&itted t!e cri&es o" !ic! t!e, are acc%sed is no #reater "or '%blicl, de"ended t!an "or 'rivatel, de"ended de"endants. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.E/ J%ries9 o%t o" s,&'at!, "or t!e victi&s o" cri&es9 are &%c! &ore likel, to convict de"endants acc%sed o" violent cri&es t!an t!e, are to convict de"endants acc%sed o" >victi&less? cri&es or cri&es a#ainst 'ro'ert,. 5C. Man, &a+or scienti"ic discoveries o" t!e 'ast ere t!e 'rod%ct o" serendi'it,9 t!e c!ances discover, o" val%able "indin#s t!at investi#ators !ad not '%r'osel, so%#!t. 2o 9 !o ever9 scienti"ic researc! tends to be so costl, t!at investi#ators are !eavil, de'endent on lar#e #rants to "%nd t!eir researc!. 1eca%se s%c! #rants re0%ire investi#ators to 'rovide t!e #rant s'onsors it! clear 'ro+ections o" t!e o%tco&e o" t!e 'ro'osed researc!9 investi#ators i#nore an,t!in# t!at does not directl, bear on t!e "%nded researc!. T!ere"ore9 %nder t!e 'revailin# circ%&stances9 serendi'it, can no lon#er 'la, a role in scienti"ic discover,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 7nl, "indin#s t!at an investi#ator '%r'osel, seeks can directl, bear on t!at investi#ators researc!. .1/ In t!e 'ast "e scienti"ic investi#ators atte&'ted to &ake clear 'redictions o" t!e o%tco&e o" t!eir researc!. .C/ 3e'endence on lar#e #rants is 'reventin# investi#ators "ro& cond%ctin# t!e t,'e o" scienti"ic researc! t!at t!ose investi#ators o%ld 'ersonall, 're"er. .3/ All scienti"ic investi#ators !o 'rovide #rant s'onsors it! clear 'ro+ections o" t!e o%tco&e o" t!eir researc! receive at least so&e o" t!e #rants "or !ic! t!e, a''l,. .E/ In #eneral t!e &ost val%able scienti"ic discoveries are t!e 'rod%ct o" serendi'it,. 5@. Folice statistics !ave s!o n t!at a%to&obile antit!e"t devices red%ce t!e risk o" car t!e"t9 b%t a statistical st%d, o" a%to&obile t!e"t b, t!e a%to&obile ins%rance ind%str, clai&s t!at cars e0%i''ed it! antit!e"t devices are9 'arado(icall,9 &ore likel, to be stolen t!an cars t!at are not so e0%i''ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does t!e &ost to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado(.A/ 7 ners o" stolen cars al&ost invariabl, re'ort t!e t!e"t i&&ediatel, to t!e 'olice b%t tend to dela, noti",in# t!eir ins%rance co&'an,9 in t!e !o'e t!at t!e ve!icle ill be recovered. .1/ Most cars t!at are stolen are not e0%i''ed it! antit!e"t devices9 and &ost cars t!at are e0%i''ed it! antit!e"t devices are not stolen. .C/ T!e &ost co&&on a%to&obile antit!e"t devices are a%dible alar&s9 !ic! t,'icall, 'rod%ce ten "alse alar&s "or ever, act%al atte&'ted t!e"t. .3/ A%to&obile o ners !o !ave 'artic%larl, t!e"t8'rone cars and live in areas o" #reatest incidence o" car t!e"t are t!ose !o are &ost likel, to !ave antit!e"t devices installed. .E/ Most a%to&obile t!e"ts are t!e ork o" 'ro"essional t!ieves a#ainst !ose http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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e""orts antit!e"t devices o""er scant 'rotection. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

In 1HAC t!e s'eed li&it on !i#! a,s in t!e =nited States as red%ced to @@ &iles 'er !o%r in order to save "%el. In t!e "irst 15 &ont!s a"ter t!e c!an#e9 t!e rate o" !i#! a, "atalities dro''ed 1@ 'ercent9 t!e s!ar'est one8,ear dro' in !istor,. 7ver t!e ne(t 1I ,ears9 t!e "atalit, rate declined b, anot!er 5@ 'ercent. It "ollo s t!at t!e 1HAC red%ction in t!e s'eed li&it saved &an, lives. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e 1HAC "%el s!orta#e c%t drivin# s!ar'l, "or &ore t!an a ,ear. .1/ T!ere as no decline in t!e rate o" !i#! a, "atalities d%rin# t!e t el"t! ,ear "ollo in# t!e red%ction in t!e s'eed li&it. .C/ Since 1HAC a%to&obile &an%"act%rers !ave been re0%ired b, la to install li"esavin# e0%i'&ent9 s%c! as seat belts9 in all ne cars. .3/ T!e "atalit, rate in !i#! a, accidents involvin# &otorists drivin# "aster t!an @@ &iles 'er !o%r is &%c! !i#!er t!an in !i#! a, accidents t!at do not involve &otorists drivin# at s%c! s'eeds. .E/ Motorists are &ore likel, to avoid accidents b, &atc!in# t!eir s'eed to t!at o" t!e s%rro%ndin# !i#! a, tra""ic t!an b, drivin# at "aster or slo er s'eeds.

5.

So&e le#islators re"%se to co&&it '%blic "%nds "or ne scienti"ic researc! i" t!e, cannot be ass%red t!at t!e researc! ill contrib%te to t!e '%blic el"are. S%c! a 'osition i#nores t!e lessons o" e('erience. Man, i&'ortant contrib%tions to t!e '%blic el"are t!at res%lted "ro& scienti"ic researc! ere never 'redicted as 'otential o%tco&es o" t!at researc!. S%''ose t!at a scientist in t!e earl, t entiet! cent%r, !ad a''lied "or '%blic "%nds to st%d, &olds: !o o%ld !ave 'redicted t!at s%c! researc! o%ld lead to t!e discover, o" antibioticsKone o" t!e #reatest contrib%tions ever &ade to t!e '%blic el"are6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e co&&ittal o" '%blic "%nds "or ne scienti"ic researc! ill ens%re t!at t!e '%blic el"are ill be en!anced. .1/ I" it ere 'ossible to 'redict t!e #eneral o%tco&e o" a ne scienti"ic researc! e""ort9 t!en le#islators o%ld not re"%se to co&&it '%blic "%nds "or t!at e""ort. .C/ Scienti"ic discoveries t!at !ave contrib%ted to t!e '%blic el"are o%ld !ave occ%rred sooner i" '%blic "%nds !ad been co&&itted to t!e researc! t!at #enerated t!ose discoveries. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<CH

.3/ In order to ens%re t!at scienti"ic researc! is directed to ard contrib%tin# to t!e '%blic el"are9 le#islators &%st co&&it '%blic "%nds to ne scienti"ic researc!. .E/ Lack o" #%arantees t!at ne scienti"ic researc! ill contrib%te to t!e '%blic el"are is not s%""icient reason "or le#islators to re"%se to co&&it '%blic "%nds to ne scienti"ic researc!. <. 6!en orkers do not "ind t!eir assi#n&ents c!allen#in#9 t!e, beco&e bored and so ac!ieve less t!an t!eir abilities o%ld allo . 7n t!e ot!er !and9 !en orkers "ind t!eir assi#n&ents too di""ic%lt9 t!e, #ive %' and so a#ain ac!ieve less t!an !at t!e, are ca'able o" ac!ievin#. It is9 t!ere"ore9 clear t!at no orkers "%ll 'otential ill ever be reali)ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an error o" reasonin# contained in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ &istakenl, e0%atin# !at is act%al and !at is &erel, 'ossible .1/ ass%&in# it!o%t arrant t!at a sit%ation allo s onl, t o 'ossibilities .C/ rel,in# on s%b+ective rat!er t!an ob+ective evidence .3/ con"%sin# t!e coincidence o" t o events it! a ca%sal relation bet een t!e t o .E/ de'endin# on t!e a&bi#%o%s %se o" a ke, ter& C. 7%r to&ato so%' 'rovides #ood n%trition: "or instance9 a ar& bo l o" it contains &ore %nits o" vita&in C t!an does a servin# o" a'ricots or "res! carrotsJ T!e advertise&ent is &isleadin# i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is tr%e.A/ $e 'eo'le de'end e(cl%sivel, on a'ricots and carrots to s%''l, vita&in C to t!eir diets. .1/ A li0%id can lose vita&ins i" it stands in contact it! t!e air "or a 'rotracted 'eriod o" ti&e. .C/ To&ato so%' contains i&'ortant n%trients ot!er t!an vita&in C. .3/ T!e a&o%nt o" vita&in C 'rovided b, a servin# o" t!e advertised so%' is less t!an t!e a&o%nt "%rnis!ed b, a servin# o" "res! stra berries. .E/ A'ricots and "res! carrots are idel, kno n to be n%tritio%s9 b%t t!eir contrib%tion consists 'ri&aril, in 'rovidin# a lar#e a&o%nt o" vita&in A9 not a lar#e a&o%nt o" vita&in C. Questions 5-& T!e #overn&ent 'rovides ins%rance "or individ%als bank de'osits9 b%t re0%ires t!e banks to 'a, t!e 're&i%&s "or t!e ins%rance. Since it is de'ositors !o 'ri&aril, bene"it "ro& t!e sec%rit, t!is ins%rance 'rovides9 t!e #overn&ent s!o%ld take ste's to ens%re t!at de'ositors !o ant t!is sec%rit, bear t!e cost o" it and t!%s s!o%ld &ake de'ositors 'a, t!e 're&i%&s "or ins%rin# t!eir o n acco%nts. @. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld do &ost to +%sti",

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@I

dra in# t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent on t!e basis o" t!e reasons o""ered in its s%''ort.A/ T!e 'eo'le !o stand to bene"it "ro& an econo&ic service s!o%ld al a,s be &ade to bear t!e costs o" t!at service. .1/ An, rational s,ste& o" ins%rance &%st base t!e si)e o" 're&i%&s on t!e de#ree o" risk involved. .C/ Govern&ent8backed sec%rit, "or investors9 s%c! as bank de'ositors9 s!o%ld be 'rovided onl, !en it does not red%ce incentives "or investors to &ake res'onsible invest&ents. .3/ T!e c!oice o" not acce'tin# an o""ered service s!o%ld al a,s be available9 even i" t!ere is no c!ar#e "or t!e service. .E/ T!e #overn&ent s!o%ld avoid an, actions t!at &i#!t alter t!e be!avior o" cor'orations and individ%als in t!e &arket. G. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 1anks are not ins%red b, t!e #overn&ent a#ainst de"a%lt on t!e loans t!e banks &ake. .1/ Frivate ins%rance co&'anies do not !ave t!e reso%rces to 'rovide banks or individ%al it! de'osit ins%rance. .C/ 1anks do not al a,s cover t!e cost o" t!e de'osit8ins%rance 're&i%&s b, 'a,in# de'ositors lo er interest rates on ins%red de'osits t!an t!e banks o%ld on %nins%red de'osits. .3/ T!e #overn&ent li&its t!e ins%rance 'rotection it 'rovides b, ins%rin# acco%nts %' to a certain le#all, de"ined a&o%nt onl,. .E/ T!e #overn&ent does not allo banks to o""er so&e kinds o" acco%nts in !ic! de'osits are not ins%red. A. 6!en individ%al st%dents are all treated e0%all, in t!at t!e, !ave identical e('os%re to c%rric%l%& &aterial9 t!e rate9 0%alit,9 and 0%antit, o" learnin# ill var, "ro& st%dent to st%dent. I" all st%dents are to &aster a #iven c%rric%l%&9 so&e o" t!e& need di""erent t,'es o" !el' t!an ot!ers9 as an, e('erienced teac!er kno s. I" t!e state&ents above are bot! tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be dra n on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ =ne0%al treat&ent9 in a sense9 o" individ%al st%dents is re0%ired in order to ens%re e0%alit, it! res'ect to t!e ed%cational tasks t!e, &aster. .1/ T!e rate and 0%alit, o" learnin#9 it! learnin# %nderstood as t!e ac0%irin# o" t!e abilit, to solve 'roble&s it!in a #iven c%rric%l%& area9 de'end on t!e 0%alit, o" teac!in# an individ%al st%dent receives in an, #iven c%rric%l%&. .C/ T!e &ore e('erienced t!e teac!er is9 t!e &ore t!e st%dents ill learn. .3/ All st%dents s!o%ld !ave identical e('os%re to learn t!e &aterial bein# ta%#!t in an, #iven c%rric%l%&. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@1

.E/ Teac!ers s!o%ld !el' eac! o" t!eir st%dents to learn as &%c! as 'ossible. B. Geor#e: So&e scientists sa, t!at #lobal ar&in# ill occ%r beca%se 'eo'le are releasin# lar#e a&o%nts o" carbon dio(ide into t!e at&os'!ere b, b%rnin# trees and "ossil "%els. 6e can see9 t!o%#!9 t!at t!e 'redicted ar&in# is occ%rrin# alread,. In t!e &iddle o" last inter9 e !ad a &ont! o" s'rin#like eat!er in o%r area9 and t!is "all9 beca%se o" %n%s%all, &ild te&'erat%res9 t!e leaves on o%r to ns trees ere t!ree eeks late in t%rnin# color. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld it be &ost relevant to investi#ate in eval%atin# t!e concl%sion o" Geor#es ar#%&ent.A/ !et!er carbon dio(ide is t!e onl, ca%se o" #lobal ar&in# .1/ !en leaves on t!e trees in t!e to n %s%all, c!an#e color .C/ !at 'ro'ortion o" #lobal e&issions o" carbon dio(ide is d%e to t!e b%rnin# o" trees b, !%&ans .3/ !et!er air 'oll%tion is ca%sin# so&e trees in t!e are to lose t!eir leaves .E/ !et!er %n%s%all, ar& eat!er is occ%rrin# else !ere on t!e #lobe &ore "re0%entl, t!an be"ore H. St%dent re'resentative: 7%r %niversit,9 in e('ellin# a st%dent !o verball, !arassed !is roo&&ate9 !as erred b, 'enali)in# t!e st%dent "or doin# !at !e s%rel, !as a ri#!t to do: s'eak !is &indJ 3ean o" st%dents: 1%t !at ,o%re sa,in# is t!at o%r %niversit, s!o%ld endorse verbal !arass&ent. *et s%rel, i" e did t!at9 e o%ld t!reaten t!e "ree "lo o" ideas t!at is t!e essence o" %niversit, li"e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 0%estionable tec!ni0%e t!at t!e dean o" st%dents %ses in atte&'tin# to re"%te t!e st%dent re'resentative.A/ c!allen#in# t!e st%dent re'resentatives kno led#e o" t!e 'rocess b, !ic! t!e st%dent as e('elled .1/ invokin# a "allacio%s distinction bet een s'eec! and ot!er sorts o" be!avior .C/ &isdescribin# t!e st%dent re'resentatives 'osition9 t!ereb, &akin# it easier to c!allen#e .3/ 0%estionin# t!e &otives o" t!e st%dent re'resentative rat!er t!an o""erin# reasons "or t!e concl%sion de"ended .E/ rel,in# on a 'osition o" 'o er to silence t!e o''osin# vie 'oint it! a t!reat 1I. $a&o%s 'ersonalities "o%nd #%ilt, o" &an, t,'es o" cri&es in ell8'%blici)ed trials are increasin#l, sentenced to t!e 'er"or&ance o" co&&%nit, service9 t!o%#! %nkno n de"endants convicted o" si&ilar cri&es al&ost al a,s serve 'rison sentences. :o ever9 t!e 'rinci'le o" e0%alit, be"ore t!e la r%les o%t %sin# "a&e and '%blicit, as relevant considerations in t!e sentencin# o" convicted cri&inals. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sionshttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@5

.A/ T!e 'rinci'le o" e0%alit, be"ore t!e la is ri#oro%sl, a''lied in onl, a "e t,'es o" cri&inal trials. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" convicted celebrities sentenced to co&&%nit, service s!o%ld e0%al t!e n%&ber o" convicted %nkno n de"endants sentenced to co&&%nit, service. .C/ T!e 'rinci'le o" e0%alit, be"ore t!e la can 'ro'erl, be overridden b, ot!er 'rinci'les in so&e cases. .3/ T!e sentencin# o" celebrities to co&&%nit, service instead o" 'rison constit%tes a violation o" t!e 'rinci'le o" e0%alit, be"ore t!e la in &an, cases. .E/ T!e 'rinci'le o" e0%alit, be"ore t!e la does not allo "or lenienc, in sentencin#. 11. Scienti"ic researc! at a certain %niversit, as s%''orted in 'art b, an ann%al #rant "ro& a &a+or "o%ndation. 6!en t!e %niversit,s '!,sics de'art&ent e&barked on ea'ons8related researc!9 t!e "o%ndation9 !ic! !as a '%rel, !%&anitarian &ission9 t!reatened to cancel its #rant. T!e %niversit, t!en 'ro&ised t!at none o" t!e "o%ndations &one, o%ld be %sed "or t!e ea'ons researc!9 !ere%'on t!e "o%ndation it!dre its t!reat9 concl%din# t!at t!e ea'ons researc! o%ld not bene"it "ro& t!e "o%ndations #rants. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# describes a "la in t!e reasonin# %nderl,in# t!e "o%ndations concl%sion.A/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e availabilit, o" t!e "o%ndations &one, "or !%&anitarian %ses ill allo t!e %niversit, to redirect ot!er "%nds "ro& !%&anitarian %ses to ea'ons researc!. .1/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e '!,sics de'art&ents ea'ons researc! is not t!e onl, one o" t!e %niversit,s researc! activities it! ot!er t!an '%rel, !%&anitarian '%r'oses. .C/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e %niversit, &ade its 'ro&ise s'eci"icall, in order to ind%ce t!e "o%ndation to it!dra its t!reat. .3/ It con"%ses t!e intention o" not %sin# a s%& o" &one, "or a 'artic%lar '%r'ose it! t!e intention o" not %sin# t!at s%& o" &one, at all. .E/ It ass%&es t!at i" t!e &eans to ac!ieve an ob+ective are !%&anitarian in c!aracter9 t!en t!e ob+ective is also !%&anitarian in c!aracter. 15. To s%it t!e needs o" cor'orate clients9 advertisin# a#encies !ave s%ccess"%ll, &odi"ied a strate#, ori#inall, develo'ed "or 'olitical ca&'ai#ns. T!is strate#, ai&s to 'rovide clients it! "ree '%blicit, and air ti&e b, desi#nin# an advertisin# ca&'ai#n t!at is controversial9 t!%s dra in# 'ri&e8ti&e &edia covera#e and evokin# '%blic co&&ent b, o""icials. T!e State&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ine !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# assertionshttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@<

.A/ T!e %se"%lness o" an advertisin# ca&'ai#n is based solel, on t!e de#ree to !ic! t!e ca&'ai#ns advertise&ents 'ers%ade t!eir a%diences. .1/ 7nl, a s&all 'ercenta#e o" eli#ible voters ad&it to bein# in"l%enced b, advertisin# ca&'ai#ns in decidin# !o to vote. .C/ Ca&'ai#n &ana#ers !ave trans"or&ed 'olitical ca&'ai#ns b, &akin# increasin# %se o" strate#ies borro ed "ro& cor'orate advertisin# ca&'ai#ns. .3/ Cor'orations are t,'icall, &ore concerned it! &aintainin# '%blic reco#nition o" t!e cor'orate na&e t!an it! en!ancin# #ood ill to ard t!e cor'oration. .E/ Advertisin# a#encies t!at s'eciali)e in ca&'ai#ns "or cor'orate clients are not %s%all, c!osen "or 'olitical ca&'ai#ns. 1<. T!e 2ational Association o" $ire $i#!ters sa,s t!at C@ 'ercent o" !o&es no !ave s&oke detectors9 !ereas onl, <I 'ercent o" !o&es !ad t!e& 1I ,ears a#o. T!is &akes earl, detection o" !o%se "ires no &ore likel,9 !o ever9 beca%se over !al" o" t!e do&estic s&oke detectors are eit!er it!o%t batteries or else ino'erative "or so&e ot!er reason. In order "or t!e concl%sion above to be 'ro'erl, dra n9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions o%ld !ave to be &ade.A/ $i"teen 'ercent o" do&estic s&oke detectors ere installed less t!an 1I ,ears a#o. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" "ires 'er ,ear in !o&es it! s&oke detectors !as increased. .C/ 2ot all o" t!e s&oke detectors in !o&es are batter, o'erated. .3/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" do&estic s&oke detectors t!at are ino'erative !as increased in t!e 'ast ten ,ears. .E/ =nlike a%to&atic ater s'rinklers9 a 'ro'erl, "%nctionin# s&oke detector cannot b, itsel" increase "ire sa"et, in a !o&e. 1C. Advertise&ent: :o&eGlo Faints9 Inc.9 !as on t!e 'resti#io%s Golden Faintbr%s! A ardK#iven to t!e one 'aint &an%"act%rer in t!e co%ntr, t!at !as increased t!e environ&ental sa"et, o" its 'rod%ct &ost over t!e 'ast t!ree ,earsK"or :o&eGlo E(terior Ena&el. T!e Golden Faintbr%s! is a arded onl, on t!e basis o" t!oro%#! tests b, inde'endent testin# laboratories. So !en ,o% c!oose :o&eGlo E(terior Ena&el9 ,o% ill kno t!at ,o% !ave c!osen t!e &ost environ&entall, sa"e brand o" 'aint &an%"act%red in t!is co%ntr, toda,. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e advertise&ent &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e QEC a%dio s,ste& received t!e overall to' rankin# "or looks9 'er"or&ance9 d%rabilit,9 and val%e in )isteners* -e0ort &a#a)ines ratin#s o" c%rrentl, 'rod%ced s,ste&s. T!ere"ore9 t!e QEC &%st !ave better so%nd 0%alit, t!an an, ot!er c%rrentl, 'rod%ced so%nd s,ste&. .1/ Mornin# S%ns!ine break"ast cereal contains9 o%nce "or o%nce9 &ore o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@C

n%trients needed "or a !ealt!, diet t!an an, ot!er break"ast cereal on t!e &arket toda,. T!%s9 !en ,o% eat Mornin# S%ns!ine9 ,o% ill kno ,o% are eatin# t!e &ost n%tritio%s "ood no on t!e &arket. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" cons%&er visits increased &ore at Co%ntr,side Market last ,ear t!an at an, ot!er &arket in t!e re#ion. T!ere"ore9 Co%ntr,sides 'ro"its &%st also !ave increased &ore last ,ear t!an t!ose o" an, ot!er &arket in t!e re#ion. .3/ Jerrolds teac!ers reco#ni)e !i& as t!e st%dent !o !as s!o n &ore acade&ic i&'rove&ent t!an an, ot!er st%dent in t!e +%nior class t!is ,ear. T!ere"ore9 i" Jerrold and !is class&ates are ranked accordin# to t!eir c%rrent acade&ic 'er"or&ance9 Jerrold &%st !old t!e !i#!est rankin#. .E/ Mar#aret 3%rrin#s s!ort stor, >T!e Fo er L%nc!? on t!ree se'arate a ards "or best s!ort "iction o" t!e ,ear. T!ere"ore9 an, o" Mar#aret 3%rrin#s earlier stories certainl, !as eno%#! literar, &erit to be incl%ded in an ant!olo#, o" t!e best recent s!ort "iction. 1@. T!e consistenc, o" ice crea& is adversel, a""ected b, even sli#!t te&'erat%re c!an#es in t!e "ree)er. To co%nteract t!is 'roble&9 &an%"act%rers add stabili)ers to ice crea&. =n"ort%natel,9 stabili)ers9 t!o%#! ine('ensive9 adversel, a""ect "lavor. Stabili)ers are less needed i" stora#e te&'erat%res are ver, lo . :o ever9 since ener#, costs are constantl, #oin# %'9 t!ose costs constit%te a stron# incentive in "avor o" relativel, !i#! stora#e te&'erat%res. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ Even sli#!t deviations "ro& t!e 'ro'er consistenc, "or ice crea& s!ar'l, i&'air its "lavor. .1/ Cost considerations "avor sacri"icin# consistenc, over sacri"icin# "lavor. .C/ It o%ld not be cost e""ective to develo' a ne device to &aintain t!e constanc, o" "ree)er te&'erat%res. .3/ Stabili)ers "%nction ell onl, at ver, lo "ree)er te&'erat%res. .E/ 4er, lo 9 stable "ree)er te&'erat%res allo "or t!e best 'ossible consistenc, and "lavor o" ice crea&. 1G. Ed ina: Tr%e a''reciation o" Mo)arts &%sic de&ands t!at ,o% !ear it e(actl, as !e intended it to be !eardD t!at is9 e(actl, as !e !eard it. Since !e !eard it on ei#!teent!8cent%r, instr%&ents9 it "ollo s t!at so s!o%ld e. Alberto: 1%t !at &akes ,o% t!ink t!at Mo)art ever !eard !is &%sic 'la,ed as !e !ad intended it to be 'la,ed- A"ter all9 Mo)art as ritin# at a ti&e !en t!e 'er"or&er as e('ected9 as a &atter o" co%rse9 not +%st to inter'ret b%t to &odi", t!e ritten score. Alberto ado'ts !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# strate#ies in critici)in# Ed inas 'osition.A/ :e a''eals to an acade&ic a%t!orit, in order to c!allen#e t!e "act%al basis o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@@

!er concl%sion. .1/ :e attacks !er +%d#&ent b, s%##estin# t!at s!e does not reco#ni)e t!e i&'ortance o" t!e 'er"or&ers creativit, to t!e a%diences a''reciation o" a &%sical co&'osition. .C/ :e de"ends a co&'etin# vie o" &%sical a%t!enticit,. .3/ :e attacks t!e lo#ic o" !er ar#%&ent b, s%##estin# t!at t!e concl%sion s!e dra s does not "ollo "ro& t!e 're&ises s!e sets "ort!. .E/ :e o""ers a reason to believe t!at one o" t!e 're&ises o" !er ar#%&ent is "alse. 1A. Since t!e introd%ction o" t!e I&'anian 2ational :ealt! Sc!e&e9 I&'anians .or t!eir 'rivate ins%rance co&'anies/ !ave !ad to 'a, onl, "or t!e &ore %n%s%al and so'!isticated &edical 'roced%res. 6!en t!e sc!e&e as introd%ced9 it as !o'ed t!at 'rivate ins%rance to 'a, "or t!ese 'roced%res o%ld be available at &odest cost9 since t!e ins%rers o%ld no lon#er be 'a,in# "or t!e b%lk o" !ealt! care costs9 as t!e, !ad done 'revio%sl,. Farado(icall,9 !o ever9 t!e cost o" 'rivate !ealt! ins%rance did not decrease b%t !as instead increased dra&aticall, in t!e ,ears since t!e sc!e&es introd%ction. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does &ost to e('lain t!e a''arentl, 'arado(ical o%tco&e.A/ T!e 2ational :ealt! sc!e&e !as #reatl, red%ced t!e n%&ber o" &edical clai&s !andled ann%all, b, I&'anias 'rivate ins%rers9 enablin# t!ese "ir&s to red%ce over!ead costs s%bstantiall,. .1/ 1e"ore t!e 2ational :ealt! sc!e&e as introd%ced9 &ore t!an BI 'ercent o" all I&'anian &edical costs ere associated it! 'roced%res t!at are no covered b, t!e sc!e&e. .C/ I&'anians !o 'revio%sl, ere %nable to a""ord re#%lar &edical treat&ent no %se t!e 2ational :ealt! sc!e&e9 b%t t!e n%&ber o" I&'anians it! 'rivate !ealt! ins%rance !as not increased. .3/ I&'anians no b%, 'rivate &edical ins%rance onl, at ti&es !en t!e, e('ect t!at t!e, ill need care o" kinds not available in t!e 2ational :ealt! sc!e&e. .E/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" total e('endit%res it!in I&'ania t!at is s'ent on !ealt! care !as declined since t!e introd%ction o" t!e 2ational :ealt! sc!e&e. 1B. In clinical trials o" ne &edicines9 !al" o" t!e s%b+ects receive t!e dr%# bein# tested and !al" receive a '!,siolo#icall, inert s%bstanceKa 'lacebo. Trials are desi#ned it! t!e intention t!at neit!er s%b+ects nor e('eri&enters ill "ind o%t !ic! s%b+ects are act%all, bein# #iven t!e dr%# bein# tested. :o ever9 t!is intention is "re0%entl, "r%strated beca%se;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost a''ro'riatel, co&'letes t!e e('lanationhttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@G

.A/ o"ten t!e s%b+ects !o receive t!e dr%# bein# tested develo' s,&'to&s t!at t!e e('eri&enters reco#ni)e as side e""ects o" t!e '!,siolo#icall, active dr%# .1/ s%b+ects !o believe t!e, are receivin# t!e dr%# bein# tested o"ten dis'la, i&'rove&ents in t!eir conditions re#ardless o" !et!er !at is ad&inistered to t!e& is '!,siolo#icall, active or not .C/ in #eneral9 !en t!e trial is intended to establis! t!e e('eri&ental dr%#s sa"et, rat!er t!an its e""ectiveness9 all o" t!e s%b+ects are !ealt!, .3/ !en a trial r%ns a lon# ti&e9 "e o" t!e e('eri&enters ill ork on it "ro& ince'tion to concl%sion .E/ t!e 'eo'le !o are s%b+ects "or clinical trials &%st9 b, la 9 be vol%nteers and &%st be in"or&ed o" t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e, ill receive a 'lacebo 1H. It takes <G@.5@ da,s "or t!e Eart! to &ake one co&'lete revol%tion aro%nd t!e s%n. Lon#8standin# convention &akes a ,ear <G@ da,s lon#9 it! an e(tra da, added ever, "o%rt! ,ear9 and t!e ,ear is divided into @5 seven8da, eeks. 1%t since @5 ti&es A is onl, <GC9 anniversaries do not "all on t!e sa&e da, o" t!e eek eac! ,ear. Man, sc!ed%lin# 'roble&s co%ld be avoided i" t!e last da, o" eac! ,ear and an additional da, ever, "o%rt! ,ear belon#ed to no eek9 so t!at Jan%ar, 1 o%ld be a S%nda, ever, ,ear. T!e 'ro'osal above9 once '%t into e""ect9 o%ld be &ost likel, to res%lt in contin%ed sc!ed%lin# con"licts "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%'s.A/ 'eo'le !o !ave birt!da,s or ot!er anniversaries on 3ece&ber <I or <1 .1/ e&'lo,ed 'eo'le !ose strict reli#io%s observances re0%ire t!at t!e, re"rain "ro& orkin# ever, sevent! da, .C/ sc!ool s,ste&s t!at re0%ire st%dents to attend classes a s'eci"ic n%&ber o" da,s eac! ,ear .3/ e&'lo,ed 'eo'le !o !ave t!ree8da, breaks "ro& ork !en !olida,s are celebrated on Monda,s or $rida,s .E/ 'eo'le !o !ave to 'lan events several ,ears be"ore t!ose events occ%r 5I. Gra'!olo#ists clai& t!at it is 'ossible to detect 'er&anent c!aracter traits b, e(a&inin# 'eo'les !and ritin#. $or e(a&'le9 a stron# cross on t!e >t? is s%''osed to denote ent!%sias&. 7bvio%sl,9 !o ever9 it! 'ractice and 'erseverance 'eo'le can alter t!eir !and ritin# to incl%de t!is "eat%re. So it see&s t!at #ra'!olo#ists &%st !old t!at 'er&anent c!aracter traits can be c!an#ed. T!e ar#%&ent a#ainst #ra'!olo#, 'roceeds b, .A/ citin# a''arentl, incontestable evidence t!at leads to abs%rd conse0%ences !en con+oined it! t!e vie in 0%estion .1/ de&onstratin# t!at an a''arentl, controversial and interestin# clai& is reall, +%st a 'latit%de http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@A

.C/ ar#%in# t!at a 'artic%lar tec!ni0%e o" anal,sis can never be e""ective !en t!e 'eo'le anal,)ed kno t!at it is bein# %sed .3/ s!o in# t!at 'ro'onents o" t!e vie !ave no t!eoretical +%sti"ication "or t!e vie .E/ attackin# a tec!ni0%e b, ar#%in# t!at !at t!e tec!ni0%e is s%''osed to detect can be detected 0%ite readil, it!o%t it Questions !1-!! :istorian: T!ere is no direct evidence t!at ti&ber as traded bet een t!e ancient nations o" Foran and 2a,al9 b%t t!e "act t!at a la settin# tari""s on ti&ber i&'orts "ro& Foran as enacted d%rin# t!e t!ird 2a,alese d,nast, does s%##est t!at d%rin# t!at 'eriod a ti&ber trade as cond%cted. Critic: *o%r reasonin# is "la ed. 3%rin# its t!ird d,nast,9 2a,al &a, ell !ave i&'orted ti&ber "ro& Foran9 b%t certainl, on toda,s stat%te books t!ere re&ain &an, la s re#%latin# activities t!at ere once co&&on b%t in !ic! 'eo'le no lon#er en#a#e. 51. T!e critics res'onse to t!e !istorians reasonin# does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ It i&'lies an analo#, bet een t!e 'resent and t!e 'ast. .1/ It identi"ies a #eneral 'rinci'le t!at t!e !istorians reasonin# violates. .C/ It distin#%is!es bet een !at !as been establis!ed as a certaint, and !at !as been establis!ed as a 'ossibilit,. .3/ It establis!es e('licit criteria t!at &%st be %sed in eval%atin# indirect evidence. .E/ It 'oints o%t t!e dissi&ilar roles t!at la 'la,s in societies t!at are distinct "ro& one anot!er. 55. T!e critics res'onse to t!e !istorian is "la ed beca%se it .A/ 'rod%ces evidence t!at is consistent it! t!ere not !avin# been an, ti&ber trade bet een Foran and 2a,al d%rin# t!e t!ird 2a,alese d,nast, .1/ cites c%rrent la s it!o%t indicatin# !et!er t!e la s cited are relevant to t!e ti&ber trade .C/ "ails to reco#ni)e t!at t!e !istorians concl%sion as based on indirect evidence rat!er t!an direct evidence .3/ takes no acco%nt o" t!e di""erence bet een a la s enact&ent at a 'artic%lar ti&e and a la s e(istence as 'art o" a le#al code at a 'artic%lar ti&e .E/ acce'ts it!o%t 0%estion t!at ass%&'tion abo%t t!e '%r'ose o" la s t!at %nderlies t!e !istorians ar#%&ent 5<. T!e orkers at 1ell Man%"act%rin# ill s!ortl, #o on strike %nless t!e &ana#e&ent increases t!eir a#es. As 1ells 'resident is ell a are9 !o ever9 in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@B

order to increase t!e orkers a#es9 1ell o%ld !ave to sell o"" so&e o" its s%bsidiaries. So9 so&e o" 1ells s%bsidiaries ill be sold. T!e concl%sion above is 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ 1ell Man%"act%rin# ill be#in to s%""er increased losses. .1/ 1ells &ana#e&ent ill re"%se to increase its orkers a#es. .C/ T!e orkers at 1ell Man%"act%rin# ill not be #oin# on strike. .3/ 1ells 'resident !as t!e a%t!orit, to o""er t!e orkers t!eir desired a#e increase. .E/ 1ells orkers ill not acce't a 'acka#e o" i&'roved bene"its in 'lace o" t!eir desired a#e increase. 5C. 7ne s%re a, ,o% can tell !o 0%ickl, a ne ideaK"or e(a&'le9 t!e idea o" >'rivati)ation?Kis takin# !old a&on# t!e 'o'%lation is to &onitor !o "ast t!e ord or ords e('ressin# t!at 'artic%lar idea are 'assin# into co&&on %sa#e. Fro"essional o'inions o" !et!er or not ords can indeed be said to !ave 'assed into co&&on %sa#e are available "ro& dictionar, editors9 !o are vitall, concerned it! t!is 0%estion. T!e &et!od described above "or deter&inin# !o 0%ickl, a ne idea is takin# !old relies on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 3ictionar, editors are not 'ro"essionall, interested in ords t!at are onl, rarel, %sed. .1/ 3ictionar, editors !ave e(act n%&erical criteria "or tellin# !en a ord !as 'assed into co&&on %sa#e. .C/ $or a ne idea to take !old9 dictionar, editors !ave to incl%de t!e relevant ord or ords in t!eir dictionaries. .3/ As a ord 'asses into co&&on %sa#es9 its &eanin# does not %nder#o an, severe distortions in t!e 'rocess. .E/ 6ords denotin# ne ideas tend to be %sed be"ore t!e ideas denoted are %nderstood. 5@. 1eca%se &i#rant orkers are t,'icall, not !ired b, an, one e&'lo,er "or lon#er t!an a sin#le season9 &i#rant orkers can le#all, be 'aid less t!an t!e &ini&%& !o%rl, a#e t!at t!e #overn&ent re0%ires e&'lo,ers to 'a, all t!eir 'er&anent e&'lo,ees. *et &ost &i#rant orkers ork lon# !o%rs eac! da, "or eleven or t elve &ont!s a ,ear and t!%s are as &%c! "%ll8ti&e orkers as are 'eo'le !ired on a ,ear8ro%nd basis. T!ere"ore9 t!e la s!o%ld re0%ire t!at &i#rant orkers be 'aid t!e sa&e &ini&%& !o%rl, a#e t!at ot!er "%ll8ti&e orkers &%st be 'aid. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# dis'la,ed above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at dis'la,ed in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents.A/ 1eca%se da,8care "acilities are no re#%lated at t!e local level9 t!e 0%alit, o" care available to c!ildren in t o di""erent cities can di""er idel,. Since http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<@H

s%c! di""erences in treat&ent clearl, are %n"air9 da, care s!o%ld be "ederall, rat!er t!an locall, re#%lated. .1/ 1eca%se &an, r%ral areas !ave "e restrictions on develo'&ent9 !o%sin# estates in s%c! areas !ave been b%ilt !ere no ade0%ate s%''l, o" sa"e drinkin# ater co%ld be ens%red. T!%s9 r%ral areas s!o%ld ado't b%ildin# codes &ore like t!ose lar#e cities !ave. .C/ 1eca%se so&e co%ntries re#%late #%n sales &ore strictl, t!an do ot!er co%ntries9 so&e 'eo'le can readil, '%rc!ase a #%n9 !ereas ot!ers cannot. T!ere"ore9 all co%ntries s!o%ld coo'erate in develo'in# a %ni"or& international 'olic, re#ardin# #%n sales. .3/ 1eca%se it is a de&ocratic 'rinci'le t!at la s s!o%ld !ave t!e consent o" t!ose a""ected b, t!e&9 li0%or la s s!o%ld be "or&%lated not b, 'oliticians b%t b, cl%b and resta%rant o ners9 since s%c! la s directl, a""ect t!e 'ro"itabilit, o" t!eir b%sinesses. .E/ 1eca%se "ood additives are not considered dr%#s9 t!e, !ave not !ad to &eet t!e sa"et, standards t!e #overn&ent a''lies to dr%#s. 1%t "ood additives can be as dan#ero%s as dr%#s. T!ere"ore9 "ood additives s!o%ld also be s%b+ect to sa"et, re#%lations as strin#ent as t!ose coverin# dr%#s.

TEST 8
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Farent 1: Ten ,ears a#o9 c!ildren in co&&%nities like o%rs did not date %ntil t!e, ere t!irteen to "i"teen ,ears old. 2o o%r nine to eleven ,ear olds are datin#. 7bvio%sl,9 c!ildren in co&&%nities like o%rs are beco&in# ro&anticall, interested in &e&bers o" t!e o''osite se( at an earlier a#e toda, t!an t!e, did ten ,ears a#o. Farent 5: I disa#ree. 7%r nine to eleven ,ear olds do not ant to date9 b%t t!e, "eel intense 'eer 'ress%re to act #ro n %' b, datin#. Farent 59 in res'ondin# to Farent 19 does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ dra s a concl%sion abo%t a ne '!eno&enon b, co&'arin# it to a '!eno&enon t!at is kno n and %nderstood .1/ re"%tes a #enerali)ation abo%t nine8 to eleven8,ear8old c!ildren b, &eans o" an e(ce'tional case overlooked b, Farent 1 .C/ ass%&es t!at nine8 to eleven8,ear8old c!ildren are as interested in datin# as t!irteen8 to "i"teen8,ear8old c!ildren .3/ 'rovides an alternative e('lanation "or t!e c!an#es in c!ildrens datin# described b, Farent 1 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<GI

.E/ critici)es Farent 1 as a 'ro'onent o" a clai& rat!er t!an critici)in# t!e clai& itsel" 5. All cattle ranc!ers dislike lon# inters. All ski resort o ners like lon# inters beca%se lon# inters &ean increased 'ro"its. So&e la ,ers are cattle ranc!ers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 and added to t!ose above9 &ost s%''orts t!e concl%sion t!at no ski resort o ners are la ,ers.A/ So&e cattle ranc!ers are la ,ers. .1/ So&e 'eo'le !o dislike lon# inters are not cattle ranc!ers. .C/ All la ,ers are cattle ranc!ers. .3/ All 'eo'le !o dislike lon# inters are cattle ranc!ers. .E/ All 'eo'le it! increasin# 'ro"its o n ski resorts. <. Citi)en o" Mooresville: Mooresvilles c%rrent cit, co%ncil is !avin# a r%ino%s e""ect on &%nici'al "inances. Since a &a+orit, o" t!e inc%&bents are r%nnin# "or reelection9 I a& #oin# to ca&'ai#n a#ainst all t!ese inc%&bents in t!e %'co&in# cit, co%ncil election. T!e onl, inc%&bent I ill s%''ort and vote "or is t!e one !o re'resents &, o n nei#!bor!ood9 beca%se s!e !as t!e e('erience necessar, to ens%re t!at o%r nei#!bor!oods interests are served. I" ever,one in Mooresville o%ld "ollo &, e(a&'le9 e co%ld s%bstantiall, c!an#e t!e co%ncils &e&bers!i'. Ass%&in# t!at eac! citi)en o" Mooresville is allo ed to vote onl, "or a cit, co%ncil re'resentative "ro& !is or !er o n nei#!bor!ood9 "or t!e co%ncils &e&bers!i' to be c!an#ed s%bstantiall,9 it &%st be tr%e t!at .A/ at least so&e ot!er voters in Mooresville do not &ake t!e sa&e e(ce'tion "or t!eir o n inc%&bent in t!e %'co&in# election .1/ &ost o" t!e eli#ible voters in Mooresville vote in t!e %'co&in# election .C/ "e o" t!e inc%&bents on t!e Mooresville cit, co%ncil !ave r%n "or reelection in 'revio%s elections .3/ all o" t!e seats on t!e Mooresville cit, co%ncil are "illed b, inc%&bents !ose ter&s are e('irin# .E/ none o" t!e c!allen#ers in t!e %'co&in# election "or seats on Mooresvilles cit, co%ncil are better able to serve t!e interests o" t!eir nei#!bor!oods t!an ere t!e inc%&bents C. Marianna: T!e 'roble& o" dr%nk drivin# !as been so&e !at a&eliorated b, '%blic ed%cation and stricter la s. Additional &eas%res are nevert!eless needed. Feo'le still drive a"ter drinkin#9 and !en t!e, do9 t!e 'robabilit, is #reatl, increased t!at t!e, ill ca%se an accident involvin# deat! or serio%s in+%r,. 3avid: I t!ink ,o% e(a##erate t!e dan#ers o" drivin# !ile dr%nk. Act%all,9 a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<G1

driver !o is in an a%to&obile accident is sli#!tl, less likel, to be serio%sl, in+%red i" dr%nk t!an i" sober. In res'ondin# to Mariannas ar#%&ent9 3avid &akes !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# errors o" reasonin#.A/ :e contradicts !i&sel". .1/ :e ass%&es !at !e is seekin# to establis!. .C/ :e contradicts Mariannas concl%sion it!o%t #ivin# an, evidence "or !is 'oint o" vie . .3/ :e ar#%es a#ainst a 'oint t!at is not one t!at Marianna as &akin#. .E/ :e directs !is criticis& a#ainst t!e 'erson &akin# t!e ar#%&ent rat!er t!an directin# it a#ainst t!e ar#%&ent itsel". @. $ro& a &a#a)ine article: Sel"8con"idence is a dan#ero%s virt%e: it o"ten de#enerates into t!e vice o" arro#ance. T!e dan#er o" arro#ance is evident to all !o care to look. :o &%c! &ore !%&ane t!e t entiet! cent%r, o%ld !ave been it!o%t t!e arro#ant sel"8con"idence o" a :itler or a Stalin. T!e a%t!or atte&'ts to 'ers%ade b, doin# all o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ =sin# e(tre&e cases to evoke an e&otional res'onse .1/ Introd%cin# val%e8laden ter&s9 s%c! as >vice? .C/ Ill%stratin# t!e dan#er o" arro#ance .3/ A''ealin# to a%t!orit, to s%bstantiate an assertion .E/ I&'l,in# t!at :itlers arro#ance arose "ro& sel"8con"idence G. A st%d, as desi#ned to establis! !at e""ect9 i" an,9 t!e lon#8ter& o'eration o" o""s!ore oil ri#s !ad on ani&al li"e on t!e botto& o" t!e sea. T!e st%d, co&'ared t!e sea8botto& co&&%nities near ri#s it! t!ose located in control sites several &iles "ro& an, ri# and "o%nd no si#ni"icant di""erences. T!e researc!ers concl%ded t!at oil ri#s !ad no adverse e""ect on sea8botto& ani&als. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e researc!er concl%sion.A/ Co&&erciall, i&'ortant "is! de'end on sea8botto& ani&als "or &%c! o" t!eir "ood9 so a dro' in catc!es o" t!ese "is! o%ld be evidence o" da&a#e to sea8botto& co&&%nities. .1/ T!e disc!ar#e o" oil "ro& o""s!ore oil ri#s t,'icall, occ%rs at t!e s%r"ace o" t!e ater9 and c%rrents o"ten carr, t!e oil considerable distances be"ore it settles on t!e ocean "loor. .C/ Conta&ination o" t!e ocean "loor "ro& se a#e and ind%strial e""l%ent does not res%lt in t!e destr%ction o" all sea8botto& ani&als b%t instead red%ces s'ecies diversit, as ell as densit, o" ani&al li"e. .3/ 7nl, 'art o" an, oil disc!ar#ed into t!e ocean reac!es t!e ocean "loor: so&e oil eva'orates9 and so&e re&ains in t!e ater as s%s'ended dro's. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<G5

.E/ 6!ere t!e ocean "loor consists o" so"t sedi&ent9 conta&inatin# oil 'ersists &%c! lon#er t!an !ere t!e ocean "loor is rock,. A. Scientists are so&eti&es said to ass%&e t!at so&et!in# is not t!e case %ntil t!ere is 'roo" t!at it is t!e case. 2o s%''ose t!e 0%estion arises !et!er a #iven "ood additive is sa"e. At t!at 'oint9 it o%ld be neit!er kno n to be sa"e nor kno n not to be sa"e. 1, t!e c!aracteri)ation above9 scientists o%ld ass%&e t!e additive not to be sa"e beca%se it !as not been 'roven sa"e. 1%t t!e, o%ld also ass%&e it to be sa"e beca%se it !as not been 'roven ot!er ise. 1%t no scientist co%ld ass%&e it!o%t contradiction t!at a #iven s%bstance is bot! sa"e and not sa"e: so t!is c!aracteri)ation o" scientists is clearl, ron#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# describes t!e tec!ni0%e o" reasonin# %sed above.A/ A #eneral state&ent is ar#%ed to be "alse b, s!o in# t!at it !as deliberatel, been "or&%lated to &islead. .1/ A state&ent is ar#%ed to be "alse b, s!o in# t!at takin# it to be tr%e leads to i&'la%sible conse0%ences. .C/ A state&ent is s!o n to be "alse b, s!o in# t!at it directl, contradicts a second state&ent t!at is taken to be tr%e. .3/ A #eneral state&ent is s!o n to be %nin"or&ative b, s!o in# t!at t!ere are as &an, s'eci"ic instances in !ic! it is "alse as t!ere are instances in !ic! it is tr%e. .E/ A state&ent is s!o n to be %nin"or&ative b, s!o in# t!at it s%''orts no inde'endentl, testable in"erences. B. 3%rin# t!e 1HBIs t!e !o&icide rate in 1ritain rose b, @I 'ercent. T!e ea'on %sed %s%all, as a kni"e. Fotentiall, let!al knives are sold o'enl, and le#all, in &an, s!o's. Most !o&icide deat!s occ%r as a res%lt o" %n're&editated assa%lts it!in t!e "a&il,. Even i" t!ese are increasin#9 t!e, o%ld 'robabl, not res%lt in deat!s i" it ere not "or t!e 'revalence o" s%c! knives. T!%s t!e bla&e lies it! t!e 'er&issiveness o" t!e #overn&ent t!at allo s s%c! let!al ea'ons to be sold. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e stron#est criticis& o" t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!ere are ot!er &eans besides knives9 s%c! as #%ns or 'oison9 t!at can be %sed to acco&'lis! !o&icide b, a 'erson !o intends to ca%se t!e deat! o" anot!er. .1/ It is i&'ossible to kno !o &an, %n're&editated assa%lts occ%r it!in t!e "a&il,9 since &an, are not re'orted to t!e a%t!orities. .C/ Mnives are %sed in ot!er !o&icides besides t!ose t!at res%lt "ro& %n're&editated assa%lts it!in t!e "a&il,. .3/ T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es it!o%t +%sti"ication t!at t!e knives %sed to co&&it !o&icide are #enerall, '%rc!ased as 'art o" a deliberate 'lan to co&&it &%rder or to in"lict #rievo%s !ar& on a "a&il, &e&ber. .E/ I" t!e 'otentiall, let!al knives re"erred to are ordinar, !o%se!old knives9 s%c! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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knives ere co&&on be"ore t!e rise in t!e !o&icide rateD b%t i" t!e, are ea'onr,9 s%c! knives are not #enerall, available in !o%se!olds. H. 2%tritionist: 4ita&ins s,nt!esi)ed b, c!e&ists are e(actl, t!e sa&e as vita&ins t!at occ%r nat%rall, in "oods. T!ere"ore9 it is a aste o" &one, to 'a, e(tra "or brands o" vita&in 'ills t!at are advertised as &ade o" !i#!er80%alit, in#redients or &ore nat%ral in#redients t!an ot!er brands are. T!e n%tritionists advice is based on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ It is a aste o" &one, "or 'eo'le to s%''le&ent t!eir diets it! vita&in 'ills. .1/ 1rands o" vita&in 'ills &ade o" nat%ral in#redients al a,s cost &ore &one, t!an brands t!at contain s,nt!esi)ed vita&ins. .C/ All brands o" vita&in 'ills contain so&e s,nt!esi)ed vita&ins. .3/ So&e 'rod%cers o" vita&in 'ills are #%ilt, o" "alse advertisin#. .E/ T!ere is no nonvita&in in#redient in vita&in 'ills !ose 0%alit, &akes one brand ort! &ore &one, t!an anot!er brand. 1I. Most 'eo'le are indi#nant at t!e s%##estion t!at t!e, are not reliable a%t!orities abo%t t!eir real ants. S%c! sel"8kno led#e9 !o ever9 is not t!e easiest kind o" kno led#e to ac0%ire. Indeed9 ac0%irin# it o"ten re0%ires !ard and even 'otentiall, risk, ork. To avoid s%c! e""ort9 'eo'le %nconscio%sl, convince t!e&selves t!at t!e, ant !at societ, sa,s t!e, s!o%ld ant. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ ac0%irin# sel"8kno led#e can be risk, .1/ kno led#e o" !at one reall, ants is not as desirable as it is %s%all, t!o%#!t to be .C/ 'eo'le cannot reall, ant !at t!e, s!o%ld ant .3/ 'eo'le %s%all, avoid &akin# di""ic%lt decisions .E/ 'eo'le are not necessaril, reliable a%t!orities abo%t !at t!e, reall, ant 11. Since 1HC@ 'esticide %se in t!e =nited Stares !as increased ten"old des'ite an overall stabilit, in n%&ber o" acres 'lanted. 3%rin# t!e sa&e 'eriod9 cro' loss "ro& insects !as a''ro(i&atel, do%bled9 "ro& abo%t seven to t!irteen 'ercent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to e('lainin# t!e 'arado(ical "indin#s above.A/ E(tension a#ents e&'lo,ed b, state #overn&ents to advise "ar&ers !ave recentl, advocated %sin# s&aller a&o%nts o" 'esticide9 t!o%#! in 'ast ,ears t!e, 'ro&oted !eav, 'esticide %se. .1/ 6!ile 'esticide8resistant strains o" insects ere develo'in#9 cro' rotation9 !ic! "or insects disr%'ts a stable "ood s%''l,9 as #rad%all, abandoned beca%se "ar&ers eli#ibilit, to receive #overn&ent cro' s%bsidies de'ended on contin%in# to 'lant t!e sa&e cro'. .C/ Since 1HAI t!e 'esticides &ost let!al to 'eo'le !ave #enerall, been re'laced http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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b, less8let!al c!e&icals t!at are e0%all, e""ective a#ainst insects and !ave a less8da&a#in# e""ect on t!e "is! in strea&s "ed b, ater t!at r%ns o"" "ro& treated a#ric%lt%ral "ields. .3/ 1eca%se "ar&ers decisions abo%t !o &%c! land to 'lant are #overned b, t!eir e('ectations abo%t cro' 'rices at !arvest ti&e9 t!e a&o%nt o" 'esticide t!e, a''l, also de'ends in 'art on e('ected cro' 'rices. .E/ Alt!o%#! so&e 'esticides can be re&oved "ro& "oodst%""s t!ro%#! as!in#9 ot!ers are taken %' into t!e edible 'ortion o" 'lants9 and cons%&ers !ave be#%n to bo,cott "oods containin# 'esticides t!at cannot be as!ed o"". 15. In disc%ssin# t!e 'ros and cons o" &onetar, %nion a&on# several E%ro'ean nations9 so&e 'oliticians !ave clai&ed t!at livin# standards in t!e co%ntries concerned o%ld "irst !ave to conver#e i" &onetar, %nion is not to lead to econo&ic c!aos. T!is clai& is 'lainl, "alse9 as is de&onstrated b, t!e "act t!at livin# standards diver#e idel, bet een re#ions it!in co%ntries t!at nevert!eless !ave stable econo&ies. In atte&'tin# to re"%te t!e 'oliticians clai&9 t!e a%t!or does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ ar#%es t!at t!ose &akin# t!e clai& are &istaken abo%t a te&'oral relations!i' t!at !as been observed .1/ 'resents an earlier instance o" t!e action bein# considered in !ic! t!e 'redicted conse0%ences did not occ%r .C/ ar#%es t!at t!e "eared conse0%ence o%ld occ%r re#ardless o" !at co%rse o" action as "ollo ed .3/ #ives an e(a&'le o" a state o" a""airs9 ass%&ed to be relevantl, si&ilar9 in !ic! t!e alle#edl, inco&'atible ele&ents coe(ist .E/ 'oints o%t t!at i" an i&'licit reco&&endation is "ollo ed9 t!e clai& can be neit!er s!o n to be tr%e nor s!o n to be "alse 1<. 1eca%se so&e st%dent de&onstrations 'rotestin# !is sc!ed%led a''earance !ave res%lted in violence9 t!e 'resident o" t!e I&'erialist Societ, !as been 'revented "ro& s'eakin# abo%t 'olitics on ca&'%s b, t!e dean o" st%dent a""airs. *et to den, an,one t!e %nrestricted "reedo& to s'eak is to t!reaten ever,ones ri#!t to "ree e('ression. :ence t!e deans decision !as t!reatened ever,ones ri#!t to "ree e('ression. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# dis'la,ed above is &ost closel, 'aralleled in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 3r. Fac!eco saved a c!ilds li"e b, 'er"or&in# e&er#enc, s%r#er,. 1%t s%r#er, rarel, involves an, risk to t!e s%r#eon. T!ere"ore9 i" an act is not !eroic %nless it re0%ires t!e actor to take so&e risk9 3r. Fac!ecos s%r#er, as not !eroic. .1/ 1eca%se an,one !o 'er"or&s an act o" !erois& acts altr%isticall, rat!er http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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t!an sel"is!l,9 a societ, t!at re ards !erois& enco%ra#es altr%is& rat!er t!an '%re sel"8interest. .C/ In order to resc%e a dro nin# c!ild9 Isabel +%&'ed into a "ree)in# river. S%c! acts o" !erois& 'er"or&ed to save t!e li"e o" one enric! t!e lives o" all. :ence9 Isabels action enric!ed t!e lives o" all. .3/ $ire "i#!ters are o"ten e('ected to 'er"or& !eroicall, %nder !ars! conditions. 1%t no one is ever re0%ired to act !eroicall,. :ence9 "ire "i#!ters are o"ten e('ected to 'er"or& actions t!e, are not re0%ired to 'er"or&. .E/ Acts o" e(tre&e #enerosit, are %s%all, above and be,ond t!e call o" d%t,. T!ere"ore9 &ost acts o" e(tre&e #enerosit, are !eroic9 since all actions t!at are above and be,ond t!e call o" d%t, are !eroic. 1C. Fro"essor: Me&bers o" &ost s'ecies are able to co&&%nicate it! ot!er &e&bers o" t!e sa&e s'ecies9 b%t it is not tr%e t!at all co&&%nication can be called >lan#%a#e.? T!e !%&an co&&%nication s,ste& %n0%estionabl, 0%ali"ies as lan#%a#e. In "act9 %sin# lan#%a#e is a trait it!o%t !ic! e o%ld not be !%&an. St%dent: I %nderstand t!at co&&%nication b, itsel" is not lan#%a#e9 b%t !o do ,o% kno t!at t!e !i#!l, evolved co&&%nication s,ste&s o" son#birds9 dol'!ins9 !one,bees9 and a'es9 "or e(a&'le9 are not lan#%a#esT!e st%dent !as inter'reted t!e 'ro"essors re&arks to &ean t!at .A/ di""erent s'ecies can !ave si&ilar de"inin# traits .1/ ever, !%&an trait e(ce't %sin# lan#%a#e is s!ared b, at least one ot!er s'ecies .C/ not all lan#%a#es are %sed to co&&%nicate .3/ %sin# lan#%a#e is a trait !%&ans do not s!are it! an, ot!er s'ecies .E/ !%&ans cannot co&&%nicate it! &e&bers o" ot!er s'ecies Questions 15-1& Environ&entalist: An increased n%&ber o" oil s'ills and t!e conse0%ent da&a#e to t!e environ&ent indicate t!e need "or stricter sa"et, standards "or t!e oil ind%str,. Since t!e ind%str, re"%ses to take action9 it is t!e national #overn&ent t!at &%st re#%late ind%str, sa"et, standards. In 'artic%lar9 t!e #overn&ent !as to at least re0%ire oil co&'anies to '%t do%ble !%lls on t!eir tankers and to ass%&e "inancial res'onsibilit, "or accidents. Ind%str, re'resentative: T!e ind%str, alone s!o%ld be res'onsible "or devisin# sa"et, standards beca%se o" its e('ertise in !andlin# oil and its %nderstandin# o" t!e cost entailed. I&'le&entin# t!e do%ble8!%ll 'ro'osal is not c%rrentl, "easible beca%se it creates ne sa"et, iss%es. $%rt!er&ore9 t!e cost o%ld be b%rdenso&e to t!e ind%str, and cons%&ers. 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent o" t!e environ&entalist de'endshttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.A/ T!e onl, e""ective so%rces o" increased strin#enc, in sa"et, standards "or oil tankers are action b, t!e ind%str, itsel" or national #overn&ent re#%lation. .1/ T!e re0%ire&ent o" t o !%lls on oil tankers9 alt!o%#! initiall, costl,9 ill save &one, over ti&e b, red%cin# clean%' costs. .C/ T!e oil ind%str,s a#in# "leet o" tankers &%st eit!er be re'aired or else re'laced. .3/ Govern&ent sa"et, re#%lations are develo'ed in a 'rocess o" ne#otiation it! ind%str, leaders and inde'endent e('erts. .E/ Environ&ental concerns o%t ei#! all "inancial considerations !en develo'in# sa"et, standards. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e ind%str, re'resentatives 'osition a#ainst t!e environ&entalists 'osition.A/ Recentl, a do%ble8!%lled tanker loaded it! oil as '%nct%red !en it ran a#ro%nd9 b%t no oil as released. .1/ Fro'osed #overn&ent re#%lation o%ld &andate t!e creation o" re#ional res'onse tea&s it!in t!e Coast G%ard to res'ond to oil s'ills and coordinate clean%' activities. .C/ Fro'osed le#islation re0%ires t!at ne tankers !ave do%ble !%lls b%t t!at e(istin# tankers eit!er be re"itted it! do%ble !%lls in t!e ne(t 5I ,ears or else be retired. .3/ $%&es can beco&e tra''ed bet een t!e t o !%ll la,ers o" do%ble8!%lled tankers9 and t!e risk o" e('losions t!at co%ld r%'t%re t!e tankers !%ll is t!ereb, increased. .E/ $ro& no on9 t!e oil ind%str, ill be re0%ired b, recent le#islation to "inance a ne l, establis!ed oil8s'ill clean%' "%nd. 1A. 1io#ra'!er: Arnolds belie" t!at ever, o""er o" assistance on t!e 'art o" !is collea#%es as a dis#%ised atte&'t to &ake !i& look inade0%ate and t!at no e('ression o" con#rat%lations on !is 'ro&otion s!o%ld be taken at "ace val%e &a, see& irrational. In "act9 t!is belie" as a conse0%ence o" !is earl, e('eriences it! an ad&ired older sister !o al a,s &ade "%n o" !is a&bitions and ac!ieve&ents. In li#!t o" t!is e('lanation9 t!ere"ore9 Arnolds st%bborn belie" t!at !is collea#%es ere d%'licito%s e&er#es as clearl, +%sti"ied. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e bio#ra'!ers ar#%&ent is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e "act t!at to' e(ec%tives #enerall, !ave &%c! lar#er vocab%laries t!an do t!eir s%bordinates e('lains !, S!eldons belie"9 instilled in !i& d%rin# !is c!ild!ood9 t!at develo'in# a lar#e vocab%lar, is t!e a, to #et to t!e to' in t!e orld o" b%siness is co&'letel, +%sti"ied. .1/ E&il, s%s'ected t!at a''les are %n!ealt!, ever since s!e al&ost c!oked to deat! !ile eatin# an a''le !en s!e as a c!ild. 2o 9 evidence t!at http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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a''les treated it! certain 'esticides can be !ealt! !a)ards s!o s t!at E&il,s lon#8!eld belie" is "%ll, +%sti"ied. .C/ As a c!ild. Joan as severel, '%nis!ed !enever s!e 'la,ed it! !er "at!ers 'ri)e Sia&ese cat. T!ere"ore9 since t!is in"or&ation &akes !er 'resent belie" t!at cats are not #ood 'ets co&'letel, %nderstandable9 t!at belie" is +%sti"ied. .3/ St%dies s!o t!at !en %s%all, ell8be!aved c!ildren beco&e irritable9 t!e, o"ten e(!ibit s,&'to&s o" viral in"ections t!e ne(t da,. T!e s%s'icion9 still !eld b, &an, ad%lts9 t!at &isbe!avior &%st al a,s be 'aid "or is t!%s bot! e('lained and +%sti"ied. .E/ S%&a,ias "at!er and &ot!er ere bot! concert 'ianists9 and as a c!ild9 S%&a,ia kne several ot!er 'eo'le tr,in# to &ake careers as &%sicians. T!%s S%&a,ias o'inion t!at !er "riend Ant!on, lacks t!e drive to be a s%ccess"%l 'ianist is %ndo%btedl, +%sti"ied. 1B. T!e television doc%&entar, ent be,ond t!e save8t!e8 ildli"e 'ieties o" so&e o" t!ose re&ote "ro& East A"rica and s!o ed t!at in a co%ntr, 'ressed "or "ood9 t!e ele'!ant is a 'est9 and an intelli#ent 'est at t!at. T!ere a''ears to be no a, to 'rotect East A"rican "ar&s "ro& t!e voracio%s "ora#in# o" ni#!t8raidin# ele'!ant !erds. Clearl, t!is e(a&'le ill%strates t!at;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost lo#icall, co&'letes t!e 'ara#ra'!.A/ t!e 'reservation o" ildli"e &a, endan#er !%&an el"are .1/ it is ti&e to re&ove ele'!ants "ro& t!e list o" endan#ered s'ecies .C/ television doc%&entaries are inca'able o" doin# &ore t!an reiteratin# acce'ted 'ieties .3/ "ar&ers and a#ric%lt%ral a#ents s!o%ld ork closel, it! ildli"e conservationists be"ore takin# &eas%res to control ele'!ants .E/ it is %n"air t!at 'eo'le in an, co%ntr, s!o%ld !ave to end%re "ood s!orta#es Questions 19-!0 7(,#en81B is a !eavier8t!an8nor&al isoto'e o" o(,#en. In a rain clo%d9 ater &olec%les containin# o(,#en81B are rarer t!an ater &olec%les containin# nor&al o(,#en. 1%t in rain"all9 a !i#!er 'ro'ortion o" all ater &olec%les containin# o(,#en8 1B t!an o" all ater &olec%les containin# ordinar, o(,#en descends to eart!. Conse0%entl,9 scientists ere s%r'rised !en &eas%re&ents alon# t!e entire ro%te o" rain clo%ds 'assa#e "ro& above t!e Atlantic 7cean9 t!e site o" t!eir ori#inal "or&ation9 across t!e A&a)on "orests9 !ere it rains al&ost dail,9 s!o ed t!at t!e o(,#en81B content o" eac! o" t!e clo%ds re&ained "airl, constant. 1H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 best !el's to resolve t!e con"lict bet een scientists e('ectations9 based on t!e kno n be!avior o" o(,#en81B9 and t!e res%lt o" t!eir &eas%re&ents o" t!e rain clo%ds o(,#en81B content.A/ Rain clo%ds above tro'ical "orests are 'oorer in o(,#en81B t!an rain clo%ds http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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above %n"orested re#ions. .1/ Like t!e oceans9 tro'ical rain "orests can create or re'lenis! rain clo%ds in t!e at&os'!ere above t!e&. .C/ T!e a&o%nt o" rain"all over t!e A&a)on rain "orests is e(actl, t!e sa&e as t!e a&o%nt o" rain ori#inall, collected in t!e clo%ds "or&ed above t!e Atlantic 7cean. .3/ T!e a&o%nt o" rain rec,cled back into t!e at&os'!ere "ro& t!e leaves o" "orest ve#etation is e(actl, t!e sa&e as t!e a&o%nt o" rain in river r%no""s t!at is not rec,cled into t!e at&os'!ere. .E/ 7(,#en81B is not a #ood indicator o" t!e e""ect o" tro'ical rain "orests on t!e at&os'!ere above t!e&. 5I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in"erences abo%t an individ%al rain clo%d is s%''orted b, t!e 'assa#e.A/ 7nce it is "or&ed over t!e Atlantic9 t!e rain clo%d contains &ore ordinar, o(,#en t!an o(,#en81B. .1/ 7nce it !as 'assed over t!e A&a)on9 t!e rain clo%d contains a #reater8t!an8 nor&al 'ercenta#e o" o(,#en81B. .C/ T!e clo%ds rain"all contains &ore o(,#en81B t!an ordinar, o(,#en. .3/ 3%rin# a rain"all9 t!e clo%d &%st s%rrender t!e sa&e 'ercenta#e o" its ordinar, o(,#en as o" its o(,#en81B. .E/ 3%rin# a rain"all9 t!e clo%d &%st s%rrender &ore o" its o(,#en8lB t!an it retains. 51. It is ver, di""ic%lt to 'rove toda, t!at a 'aintin# done t o or t!ree !%ndred ,ears a#o9 es'eciall, one it!o%t a si#nat%re or it! a 0%estionabl, a%t!entic si#nat%re9 is ind%bitabl, t!e ork o" t!is or t!at 'artic%lar artist. T!is "act #ives t!e traditional attrib%tion o" a dis'%ted 'aintin# s'ecial ei#!t9 since t!at attrib%tion carries t!e 'res%&'tion o" !istorical contin%it,. Conse0%entl,9 an art !istorian ar#%in# "or a deattrib%tion ill #enerall, convince ot!er art !istorians onl, i" !e or s!e can 'ers%asivel, ar#%e "or a s'eci"ic reattrib%tion. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e 'osition t!at t!e traditional attrib%tion o" a dis'%ted 'aintin# s!o%ld not !ave s'ecial ei#!t.A/ Art dealers !ave al a,s been led b, econo&ic sel"8interest to attrib%te an, %nsi#ned 'aintin#s o" &erit to reco#ni)ed &asters rat!er t!an to obsc%re artists. .1/ 6!en a 'aintin# is ori#inall, created9 t!ere are invariabl, at least so&e e,e itnesses !o see t!e artist at ork9 and t!%s 0%estions o" correct attrib%tion cannot arise at t!at ti&e. .C/ T!ere are not al a,s clearl, discernible di""erences bet een t!e occasional in"erior ork 'rod%ced b, a &aster and t!e ver, best ork 'rod%ced b, a lesser talent. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.3/ Attrib%tion can s!a'e 'erce'tion inas&%c! as certain "eat%res t!at o%ld co%nt as &arks o" #reatness in a &asters ork o%ld be co%nted as si#ns o" in"erior artistr, i" a ork ere attrib%ted to a &inor artist. .E/ Even t!o%#! so&e &asters !ad s'ecialists assist t!e& it! certain detail ork9 s%c! as de'ictin# lace9 t!e res%ltin# orks are 'ro'erl, attrib%ted to t!e &asters alone. 55. M%c! o" t!e best scienti"ic researc! o" toda, s!o s t!at &an, o" t!e res%lts o" earlier scienti"ic ork t!at as re#arded in its ti&e as #ood are in "act &istaken. *et des'ite t!e "act t!at scientists are above all concerned to discover t!e tr%t!9 it is val%able "or toda,s scientists to st%d, "irst!and acco%nts o" earlier scienti"ic ork. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best reconcile t!e t o state&ents above.A/ Man, "irst!and acco%nts o" earlier9 "la ed scienti"ic ork are not #enerall, kno n to be &istaken. .1/ Lessons in scienti"ic &et!odolo#, can be learned b, seein# !o earlier scienti"ic ork as carried o%t9 so&eti&es es'eciall, !en t!e res%lts o" t!at ork are kno n to be incorrect. .C/ Scientists can &ake val%able contrib%tions to t!e scienti"ic ork o" t!eir ti&e even i" t!e res%lts o" t!eir ork ill later be s!o n to be &istaken. .3/ T!ere are &an, scientists toda, !o are not t!oro%#!l, "a&iliar it! earlier scienti"ic researc!. .E/ So&e o" t!e better scienti"ic researc! o" toda, does not directl, address earlier scienti"ic ork. 5<. Teac!ers are e""ective onl, !en t!e, !el' t!eir st%dents beco&e inde'endent learners. *et not %ntil teac!ers !ave t!e 'o er to &ake decisions in t!eir o n classroo&s can t!e, enable t!eir st%dents to &ake t!eir o n decisions. St%dents ca'abilit, to &ake t!eir o n decisions is essential to t!eir beco&in# inde'endent learners. T!ere"ore9 i" teac!ers are to be e""ective9 t!e, &%st !ave t!e 'o er to &ake decisions in t!eir o n classroo&s. Accordin# to t!e ar#%&ent9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# co%ld be tr%e o" teac!ers !o !ave enabled t!eir st%dents to &ake t!eir o n decisions EECEFT: .A/ T!eir st%dents !ave not beco&e inde'endent learners. .1/ T!e, are not e""ective teac!ers. .C/ T!e, are e""ective teac!ers. .3/ T!e, !ave t!e 'o er to &ake decisions in t!eir o n classroo&s. .E/ T!e, do not !ave t!e 'o er to &ake decisions. 5C. 3r. R%i): 3r. S&it! !as e('ressed o%ts'oken antis&okin# vie s in '%blic. Even t!o%#! 3r. S&it! is ot!er ise 0%ali"ied9 clearl, s!e cannot be incl%ded on a 'anel

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

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t!at e(a&ines t!e dan#er o" second!and ci#arette s&oke. As an or#ani)er o" t!e 'anel9 I ant to ens%re t!at t!e 'anel e(a&ines t!e iss%e in an %nbiased &anner be"ore co&in# to an, concl%sion. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e stron#est basis "or co%nterin# 3r. R%i) ar#%&ent t!at 3r. S&it! s!o%ld not be incl%ded on t!e 'anel.A/ A 'anel co&'osed o" 0%ali"ied 'eo'le it! stron# b%t con"lictin# vie s on a 'artic%lar to'ic is &ore likel, to reac! an %nbiased concl%sion t!an a 'anel co&'osed o" 'eo'le !o !ave ke't t!eir vie s9 i" an,9 'rivate. .1/ Feo'le !o !old stron# vie s on a 'artic%lar to'ic tend to acce't ne evidence on t!at to'ic onl, i" it s%''orts t!eir vie s. .C/ A 'anel t!at incl%des one 0%ali"ied 'erson it! '%blicl, kno n stron# vie s on a 'artic%lar to'ic is &ore likel, to !ave livel, disc%ssions t!an a 'anel t!at incl%des onl, 'eo'le it! no ell8de"ined vie s on t!at to'ic. .3/ Feo'le !o !ave e('ressed stron# vie s in '%blic on a 'artic%lar to'ic are better at raisin# "%nds to s%''ort t!eir case t!an are 'eo'le !o !ave never e('ressed stron# vie s in '%blic. .E/ Feo'le !o !ave ell8de"ined stron# vie s on a 'artic%lar to'ic 'rior to +oinin# a 'anel are o"ten able to i&'ose t!eir vie s on 'anel &e&bers !o are not co&&itted at t!e o%tset to an, concl%sion. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

1iotec!nolo#, co&'anies sa, t!at vol%ntar, #%ideline "or t!eir ind%str, are s%""icient to ens%re t!at no !ar& ill res%lt !en a #eneticall, altered or#anis& is released into t!e environ&ent. It is "oolis!9 !o ever9 to rel, on ass%rances "ro& 'rod%cers o" #eneticall, altered or#anis&s t!at t!eir 'rod%cts ill not be !ar&"%l. T!ere"ore9 a biotec!nolo#, co&'an, s!o%ld be re0%ired to a''l, to an inde'endent re#%lator, board co&'osed o" scientists o%tside t!e biotec!nolo#, ind%str, "or t!e ri#!t to sell ne l, created or#anis&s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" acce'ted9 &ost stron#l, +%sti"ies dra in# t!e concl%sion above.A/ 4ol%ntar, #%idelines are s%""icient to re#%late activities t!at 'ose little dan#er to t!e environ&ent. .1/ Feo'le !o en#a#e in an activit, and !ave a "inancial stake in t!at activit, s!o%ld not be t!e sole re#%lators o" t!at activit,. .C/ Met!ods t!at res%lt in !ar& to t!e environ&ent &%st so&eti&es be %sed in order to avoid even #reater !ar&. .3/ A co&'an, is obli#ated to ens%re t!e e""ectiveness o" its 'rod%cts b%t not t!eir environ&ental sa"et,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.E/ Iss%es o" environ&ental 'rotection are so i&'ortant t!at t!e, s!o%ld not be le"t to scienti"ic e('erts. 5. Qoo director: T!e cit, is in a "inancial crisis and &%st red%ce its s'endin#. 2evert!eless9 at least one red%ction &eas%re in ne(t ,ears b%d#et9 c%ttin# Cit, Qoos "%ndin# in !al"9 is "alse econo&,. T!e )oos c%rrent b%d#et e0%als less t!an 1 'ercent o" t!e cit,s de"icit9 so it!dra in# s%''ort "ro& t!e )oo does little to !el' t!e cit,s "inancial sit%ation. $%rt!er&ore9 t!e )oo9 !ic! &%st close i" its b%d#et is c%t9 attracts to%rists and ta( dollars to t!e cit,. $inall,9 t!e )oo adds i&&eas%rabl, to t!e cit,s c%lt%ral cli&ate and t!%s &akes t!e cit, an attractive 'lace "or b%siness to locate. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e )oo directors ar#%&ent.A/ Red%cin# s'endin# is t!e onl, &eans t!e cit, !as o" res'ondin# to t!e c%rrent "inancial crisis. .1/ It o%ld be "alse econo&, "or t!e cit, to c%t t!e )oos b%d#et in !al". .C/ Cit, Qoos b%d#et is onl, a ver, s&all 'ortion o" t!e cit,s entire b%d#et. .3/ T!e )oo ill be "orced to close i" its b%d#et is c%t. .E/ T!e cit,s ed%cational and c%lt%ral cli&ate ill be irre'arabl, da&a#ed i" t!e )oo is "orced to close. <. A cat ill not be a""ectionate to ard 'eo'le %nless it is !andled !en it is a kitten. Since t!e cat t!at Fa%la 'lans to #ive to !er "riend as !andled !en it as a kitten9 t!at cat ill be a""ectionate to ard 'eo'le. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T%li' b%lbs ill not 'rod%ce "lo ers %nless t!e, are c!illed "or t o &ont!s. Since t!e t%li' b%lbs in t!e cla, 'ot ere not c!illed "or t o &ont!s9 t!ese b%lbs ill not 'rod%ce "lo ers. .1/ 1eets do not #ro ell %nless t!e soil in !ic! t!e, are #ro n contains trace a&o%nts o" boron. Since t!e beets in t!is 'lot are #ro in# ell9 t!e soil in t!e 'lot &%st contain trace a&o%nts o" boron. .C/ $r%it trees ill not 'rod%ce &%c! "r%it %nless t!e, are 'r%ned 'ro'erl,. T!at t!e "r%it trees at t!e local orc!ard 'rod%ce a lar#e a&o%nt o" "r%it 'roves t!at t!e, !ave been 'r%ned 'ro'erl,. .3/ Cranberries ill not t!rive %nless t!e, are #ro n in bo#s. Since t!e cranberries in t!is area are not #ro n in bo#s9 t!ese cranberries ill not t!rive. .E/ Crass seeds ill not #er&inate ell %nless t!e, are 'ressed "ir&l, into t!e #ro%nd. T!e #rass seeds so n in t!is ,ard ere 'ressed "ir&l, into t!e #ro%nd9 so t!e, ill #er&inate ell. C. =ntil recentl,9 ant!ro'olo#ists #enerall, a#reed t!at !i#!er 'ri&ates ori#inated http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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abo%t <I &illion ,ears a#o in t!e Al $a,,%& re#ion o" E#,'t. :o ever9 a CI8 &illion8,ear old "ossili)ed "ra#&ent o" a lo er +a bone discovered in 1%r&a .no called M,an&ar/ in 1HAB as %sed to s%''ort t!e t!eor, t!at t!e earliest !i#!er 'ri&ates ori#inated in 1%r&a. :o ever9 t!e clai& is 're&at%re9 "or;;;;;; 6!ic! one or t!e "ollo in#9 i" r%e9 is t!e &ost lo#ical co&'letion o" t!e 'ara#ra'! above.A/ t!ere are no &ore 'ri&ate s'ecies in 1%r&a t!an t!ere are in E#,'t .1/ several ant!ro'olo#ists9 %sin# di""erent datin# &et!ods9 inde'endentl, con"ir&ed t!e esti&ated a#e o" t!e +a bone "ra#&ent .C/ !i#!er 'ri&ates cannot be identi"ied solel, b, t!eir lo er +a bones .3/ several 'ro&inent ant!ro'olo#ists do not believe t!at !i#!er 'ri&ates co%ld !ave ori#inated in eit!er E#,'t or 1%r&a .E/ ot!er arc!aeolo#ical e('editions in 1%r&a !ave %neart!ed !i#!er8'ri&ate "ossili)ed bone "ra#&ents t!at are clearl, older t!an CI &illion ,ears @. T!e ends o" &odern cent%ries !ave been #reeted it! bot! a'ocal,'tic an(ieties and %to'ian "antasies. It is not s%r'risin# t!at bot! reactions !ave consistentl, 'roven to be &is'laced. A"ter all9 t!e 'recise ti&e !en a cent%r, !a''ens to end cannot !ave an, s'ecial si#ni"icance9 since t!e Gre#orian calendar9 t!o%#! idel, %sed9 is onl, one a&on# &an, t!at 'eo'le !ave devised. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 co%ld be s%bstit%ted "or t!e reason cited above !ile still 'reservin# t!e "orce o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It is lo#icall, i&'ossible "or bot! reactions to be correct at t!e sa&e ti&e. .1/ 6!at is a %to'ian "antas, to one #ro%' o" 'eo'le &a, ell be9 "or anot!er #ro%' o" 'eo'le9 a reali)ation o" t!eir orst "ears. .C/ T!e n%&ber s,ste& based on t!e n%&ber ten9 in t!e absence o" !ic! one !%ndred ,ears o%ld not !ave t!e a''earance o" bein# a si#ni"icant 'eriod o" ti&e9 is b, no &eans t!e onl, one t!at 'eo'le !ave created. .3/ T!e "ir& e('ectation t!at so&et!in# e(traordinar, is abo%t to !a''en can &ake 'eo'le be!ave in a &anner t!at &akes it less likel, t!at so&et!in# e(traordinar, ill !a''en. .E/ Since a cent%r, "ar e(ceeds t!e nor&al !%&an li"e s'an9 'eo'le do not live lon# eno%#! to learn "ro& &istakes t!at t!e, t!e&selves &ade one !%ndred ,ears be"ore. G. Feo'le !o listen to certain recordin#s o" &%sic are in dan#er o" bein# %nd%l, in"l%enced b, s'oken &essa#es t!at !ave been recorded back ards on t!e records or ta'es. A conse0%ence o" t!e vie above is t!at .A/ t!e s'oken &essa#es &%st be lo%der t!an t!e &%sic on t!e recordin#s .1/ back ards &essa#es can be added to a recordin# !ile still 'reservin# all o" t!e &%sical 0%alities o" t!e recorded 'er"or&ance http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.C/ t!e recordin#s on !ic! s%c! &essa#es a''ear are c!osen "or t!is '%r'ose eit!er beca%se t!e, are es'eciall, 'o'%lar or beca%se t!e, introd%ce a trancelike state .3/ i" s%c! &essa#es &%st be co&'re!ended to e(ert in"l%ence9 t!en 'eo'le &%st be able to co&'re!end s'oken &essa#es recorded back ards .E/ !en 'eo'le listen to recorded &%sic9 t!e, 'a, "%ll attention to t!e &%sic as it 'la,s A. Advertise&ent: 7ver BI 'ercent o" t!e 'eo'le !o test8drive a Qenit! car end %' b%,in# one. So be arned: ,o% s!o%ld not test8drive a Qenit! %nless ,o% are 're'ared to b%, one9 beca%se i" ,o% so &%c! as drive a Qenit! aro%nd t!e block9 t!ere is a better t!an BI 'ercent c!ance ,o% ill c!oose to b%, it. I" t!e advertise&ent is inter'reted as i&'l,in# t!at t!e 0%alit, o" t!e car is %n%s%all, i&'ressive9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost clearl, casts do%bt on t!at i&'lication.A/ Test8drives o" Qenit! cars are9 accordin# to Qenit! sales 'ersonnel9 #enerall, &ore e(tensive t!an a drive aro%nd t!e block and enco%nter varied drivin# conditions. .1/ =s%all, dealers !ave eno%#! Qenit! &odels in stock t!at 'ros'ective '%rc!asers are able to test8drive t!e e(act &odel t!at t!e, are considerin# "or '%rc!ase. .C/ T!ose !o take test8drives in cars are9 in over !el&in# 'ro'ortions9 'eo'le !o !ave alread, decided to b%, t!e &odel driven %nless so&e "a%lt s!o%ld beco&e evident. .3/ Al&ost HI 'ercent o" t!e 'eo'le !o '%rc!ase a car do not do so on t!e da, t!e, take a "irst test8drive b%t do so a"ter anot!er test8drive. .E/ In so&e Qenit! cars9 a &inor 'art !as broken it!in t!e "irst ,ear9 and Qenit! dealers !ave iss%ed notices to o ners t!at t!e dealers ill re'lace t!e 'art it! a redesi#ned one at no cost to o ners. B. In Malsenia sales o" classical records are soarin#. T!e b%,ers res'onsible "or t!is boo& are 0%ite ne to classical &%sic and ere dra n to it eit!er b, classical scores "ro& television co&&ercials or b, t!e&e t%nes introd%cin# &a+or s'orts events on television. A%diences at classical concerts9 !o ever9 are contin%all, s!rinkin# in Malsenia. It can be concl%ded "ro& t!is t!at t!e ne Malsenian converts to classical &%sic9 !avin# initiall, e('erienced t!is &%sic as recorded &%sic9 are &ost co&"ortable it! classical &%sic as recorded &%sic and reall, !ave no desire to !ear live 'er"or&ances. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ To sell ell in Malsenia9 a classical record &%st incl%de at least one 'iece "a&iliar "ro& television. .1/ At least so&e o" t!e ne Malsenian b%,ers o" classical records !ave http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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available to t!e& t!e o'tion o" attendin# classical concerts. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" classical concerts 'er"or&ed in Malsenia !as not decreased in res'onse to s&aller a%diences. .3/ T!e classical records available in Malsenia are9 "or t!e &ost 'art9 not recordin#s o" act%al '%blic concerts. .E/ Classical concerts in Malsenia are not li&ited to &%sic t!at is readil, available on recordin#s. H. 1rain scans o" 'eo'le e('osed to certain ne%roto(ins reveal brain da&a#e identical to t!at "o%nd in 'eo'le s%""erin# "ro& Farkinsons disease. T!is "act s!o s not onl, t!at t!ese ne%roto(ins ca%se t!is t,'e o" brain da&a#e9 b%t also t!at t!e brain da&a#e itsel" ca%ses Farkinsons disease. T!%s brain scans can be %sed to deter&ine !o is likel, to develo' Farkinsons disease. T!e ar#%&ent contains !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# reasonin# errors.A/ It "ails to establis! t!at ot!er &et!ods t!at can be %sed to dia#nose Farkinsons disease are less acc%rate t!an brain scans. .1/ It overesti&ates t!e i&'ortance o" earl, dia#nosis in deter&inin# a''ro'riate treat&ents "or 'eo'le s%""erin# "ro& Farkinsons disease. .C/ It &istakes a correlation bet een t!e t,'e o" brain da&a#e described and Farkinsons disease "or a ca%sal relation bet een t!e t o. .3/ It ass%&es t!at 'eo'le o%ld ant to kno as earl, as 'ossible !et!er t!e, ere likel, to develo' Farkinsons disease. .E/ It ne#lects to s'eci", !o t!e in"or&ation 'rovided b, brain scans co%ld be %sed eit!er in treatin# Farkinsons disease or in &onitorin# t!e 'ro#ression o" t!e disease. 1I. Al&ost all o" t!e books '%blis!ed in t!e 'ast 1@I ,ears ere 'rinted on acidic 'a'er. =n"ort%natel,9 ever, kind o" acidic 'a'er #rad%all, destro,s itsel" d%e to its ver, acidit,. T!is 'rocess o" deterioration can be slo ed i" t!e books are stored in a cool9 dr, environ&ent. Tec!ni0%es9 !ic! are no bein# develo'ed9 to deacidi", books ill 'robabl, be a''lied onl, to books it! !istorical si#ni"icance. I" all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ I" a book as '%blis!ed in t!e 'ast 1@I ,ears and is !istoricall, insi#ni"icant9 it ill 'robabl, deteriorate co&'letel,. .1/ Al&ost all o" t!e books '%blis!ed in t!e 'ast 1@I ,ears ill #rad%all, destro, t!e&selves. .C/ Al&ost all o" t!e books t!at #rad%all, deteriorate are &ade o" acidic 'a'er. .3/ I" a book is o" !istorical si#ni"icance and as 'rinted be"ore 1@I ,ears a#o9 it ill be deacidi"ied. .E/ 1ooks '%blis!ed on acidic 'a'er in 1HII s!o%ld no all be at abo%t t!e sa&e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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state o" deterioration. 11. Civil libertarian: T!e cate#orical 'ro!ibition o" an, nonviolent &eans o" e('ression inevitabl, 'oisons a societ,s intellect%al at&os'!ere. T!ere"ore9 t!ose advocatin# censors!i' o" all 'otentiall, o""ensive art are '%rs%in# a co%rse t!at is !ar&"%l to societ,. Censors!i' advocate: *o%re ron#9 beca%se &an, 'eo'le are in a#ree&ent abo%t !at constit%tes 'otentiall, o""ensive art. T!e censors!i' advocates reb%ttal is "la ed beca%se it .A/ atte&'ts to e(tract a #eneral r%le "ro& a s'eci"ic case .1/ e(tracts an erroneo%s 'rinci'le "ro& a co&&onl, !eld belie" .C/ attacks t!e civil libertarians c!aracter instead o" t!e ar#%&ent .3/ relies on an irrelevant reason "or re+ectin# t!e civil libertarians ar#%&ent .E/ %ses !,'erbolic in"la&&ator, lan#%a#e t!at obsc%res t!e iss%e at !and 15. Alt!o%#! &ost s'ecies o" nondo&estic &a&&als in A%stralia are &ars%'ials9 over 1II s'eciesKincl%din# seals9 bats9 and &iceKare not &ars%'ials b%t 'lacentals. It is clear9 !o ever9 t!at t!ese 'lacentals are not native to t!is island continent: all non!%&an 'lacentals e(ce't t!e din#o9 a do# introd%ced b, t!e "irst !%&ans t!at settled A%stralia9 are ani&als !ose ancestors co%ld s i& lon# distances9 "l,9 or "loat on dri"t ood. T!e concl%sion above is 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ So&e &ars%'ials no "o%nd in A%stralia &i#!t not be native to t!at continent9 b%t rat!er &i#!t !ave been introd%ced to A%stralia b, so&e ot!er &eans. .1/ :%&ans !o settled A%stralia 'robabl, introd%ced &an, o" t!e 'lacental &a&&al s'ecies no 'resent on t!at Continent. .C/ T!e onl, A%stralian 'lacentals t!at co%ld be native to A%stralia o%ld be ani&als !ose ancestors co%ld not !ave reac!ed A%stralia "ro& else !ere. .3/ 2o &ars%'ials no "o%nd in A%stralia can s i& lon# distances9 "l,9 or "loat on dri"t ood. .E/ Seals9 bats9 and &ice are t,'icall, "o%nd onl, in areas !ere t!ere are no native &ars%'ials. 1<. I. Roo& air conditioners 'rod%ced b, Ja'anese &an%"act%rers tend to be &ore reliable t!an t!ose 'rod%ced b, =nited States &an%"act%rers. II. T!e avera#e li"eti&e o" roo& air conditioners 'rod%ced b, =nited States &an%"act%rers is abo%t "i"teen ,ears9 t!e sa&e as t!at o" roo& air conditioners 'rod%ced b, Ja'anese &an%"act%rers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best reconcile t!e t o state&ents abovehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.A/ Reliabilit, is a &eas%re o" !o lon# a 'rod%ct "%nctions it!o%t needin# re'air. .1/ Frod%ction "acilities o" "ir&s desi#nated as =nited States &an%"act%rers are not all located in t!e =nited States. .C/ 3a&a#e to roo& air conditioners d%rin# s!i''in# and installation does not occ%r it! #reat "re0%enc, in t!e =nited States or in Ja'an. .3/ Roo& air conditioners !ave been &an%"act%red "or a lon#er ti&e in t!e =nited States t!an in Ja'an. .E/ Ja'anese &an%"act%rers o"ten %se &ore reliable co&'onents in t!eir roo& air conditioners t!an do =nited States &an%"act%rers. 1C. In 1HBI t!ere as #ro in# concern t!at t!e 'rotective o)one la,er over t!e Antarctic &i#!t be decreasin# and t!ereb, allo in# so &%c! !ar&"%l %ltraviolet radiation to reac! t!e Eart! t!at 'olar &arine li"e o%ld be da&a#ed. So&e #overn&ent o""icials dis&issed t!ese concerns9 since statistics indicated t!at #lobal at&os'!eric o)one levels re&ained constant. T!e relevance o" t!e evidence cited b, t!e #overn&ent o""icials in s%''ort o" t!eir 'osition o%ld be &ost serio%sl, %nder&ined i" it ere tr%e t!at .A/ &ost s'ecies o" 'lant and ani&al li"e "lo%ris! in ar& cli&ates rat!er t!an in t!e 'olar re#ions .1/ decreases in t!e a&o%nt o" at&os'!eric 7)one over t!e Antarctic ice ca' tend to be seasonal rat!er t!an constant .C/ decreases in t!e a&o%nt o" at&os'!eric o)one ere o" little concern be"ore lHBI .3/ 0%antities o" at&os'!eric o)one s!i"ted a a, "ro& t!e 'olar ca's9 corres'ondin#l, increasin# o)one levels in ot!er re#ions .E/ even !ere t!e a&o%nt o" at&os'!eric o)one is nor&al9 so&e %ltraviolet li#!t reac!es t!e Eart!s s%r"ace 1@. Goodbod,9 Inc.9 is in t!e 'rocess o" "indin# tenants "or its ne l, co&'leted Farrot N%a, co&&ercial develo'&ent9 !ic! ill &ake available !%ndreds o" t!o%sands o" s0%are "eet o" ne o""ice s'ace on !at as "or&erl, derelict 'ro'ert, o%tside t!e "inancial center o" t!e cit,. S%r'risin#l, eno%#!9 t!e co&in# recession9 t!o%#! it ill !%rt &ost o" t!e cit,s b%sinesses9 s!o%ld !el' Goodbod, to "ind tenants. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does &ost to !el' resolve t!e a''arent 'arado(.A/ 1%sinesses "orced to econo&i)e b, t!e recession ill ant to take advanta#e o" t!e lo er rents available o%tside t!e "inancial center. .1/ F%blic trans'ortation links t!e "inancial center it! t!e area aro%nd Farrot N%a,. .C/ T!e area in !ic! t!e Farrot N%a, develo'&ent is located beca&e derelict a"ter t!e !eav, ind%str, t!at %sed to be t!ere closed do n in a 'revio%s http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<AA

recession. .3/ Man, o" Goodbod,s ot!er 'ro'erties are in "inancial center and ill beco&e vacant i" t!e recession is severe eno%#! to "orce Goodbod,s tenants o%t o" b%siness. .E/ T!e recession is likel, to !ave t!e &ost severe e""ect not on service ind%stries9 !ic! re0%ire a lot o" o""ice s'ace9 b%t on &an%"act%rers. Questions 1&-1' 3r. Mi&: Electronic "etal &onitors9 no ro%tinel, %sed in !os'ital deliver, roo&s to c!eck "etal !eartbeat9 are &ore intr%sive t!an ordinar, stet!osco'es and do no &ore to i&'rove t!e c!ances t!at a !ealt!, bab, ill be born. T!ere"ore9 t!e additional cost o" electronic &onitorin# is %n+%sti"ied and s%c! &onitorin# s!o%ld be discontin%ed. 3r. Anders: I disa#ree. Alt!o%#! ,o% and I kno t!at bot! &et!ods are ca'able o" 'rovidin# t!e sa&e in"or&ation9 electronic &onitorin# !as been ell ort! t!e cost. 3octors no kno t!e arnin# si#ns t!e, need to listen "or it! stet!osco'es9 b%t onl, beca%se o" !at as learned "ro& %sin# electronic &onitors. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" acce'ted9 o%ld 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or 3r. Mi&s contention t!at t!e %se o" electronic "etal &onitors s!o%ld be discontin%ed.A/ :os'itals s!o%ld discontin%e t!e ro%tine %se o" a &onitorin# &et!od !enever an alternative &et!od t!at 'rovides &ore in"or&ation beco&es available. .1/ Monitorin# 'roced%res s!o%ld be ro%tinel, %sed in deliver, roo&s onl, i" t!e, 'rovide in"or&ation o" a kind t!at is 'otentiall, %se"%l in ens%rin# t!at a !ealt!, bab, ill be born. .C/ 6!en t o &et!ods available to !os'itals 'rovide t!e sa&e kind o" in"or&ation9 t!e &ore intr%sive &et!od s!o%ld not be %sed. .3/ 6!en t!e %se o" a &edical device !as enabled doctors to learn so&et!in# t!at i&'roves t!e c!ances t!at babies ill be born !ealt!,9 t!at device is ell ort! its cost. .E/ Ro%tinel, %sed &edical 'roced%res s!o%ld be reeval%ated 'eriodicall, to be s%re t!at t!ese 'roced%res 'rovide reliable in"or&ation. 1A. As a re'l, to 3r. Mi&s ar#%&ent9 3r. Anders res'onse is inade0%ate beca%se it .A/ &isses t!e 'oint at iss%e .1/ ass%&es !at it sets o%t to 'rove .C/ con"%ses !i#! cost it! !i#! 0%alit, .3/ overesti&ates t!e i&'ortance o" tec!nolo#, to &ode& &edicine .E/ overlooks t!e "act t!at a 'roced%re can be e(tensivel, %sed it!o%t bein# t!e best 'roced%re available

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<AB

1B. Fro"essor :artle,s ne book on &oral '!iloso'!, contains n%&ero%s 'assa#es t!at can be "o%nd verbati& in an earlier '%blis!ed ork b, :artle,s collea#%e9 Fro"essor La rence. T!ere"ore in vie o" t!e "act t!at t!ese 'assa#es ere %nattrib%ted in :artle,s book9 :artle, !as been dis!onest in not ackno led#in# t!e intellect%al debt o ed to La rence. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent is based.A/ :artle, co%ld not !ave ritten t!e ne book it!o%t t!e 'assa#es in 0%estion. .1/ 6!ile ritin# t!e ne book9 :artle, !ad access to t!e &an%scri't o" La rence s book. .C/ A book on &oral '!iloso'!, s!o%ld contain onl, &aterial re'resentin# t!e a%t!ors o n convictions. .3/ La rence did not #et t!e ideas in t!e 'assa#es in N%estion or did not #et t!eir "or&%lations ori#inall, "ro& :artle,. .E/ :artle, considered t!e 'assa#es in 0%estion to be t!e best 'ossible e('ressions o" t!e ideas t!e, contain. 1H. Feo'le !o receive %nsolicited advice "ro& so&eone !ose advanta#e o%ld be served i" t!at advice is taken s!o%ld re#ard t!e 'ro""ered advice it! ske'ticis& %nless t!ere is #ood reason to t!ink t!at t!eir interests s%bstantiall, coincide it! t!ose o" t!e advice #iver in t!e circ%&stance in 0%estion. T!is 'rinci'le9 i" acce'ted9 o%ld +%sti", !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# +%d#&ents.A/ A"ter learnin# b, c!ance t!at :arriet is lookin# "or a sec%re invest&ent "or !er retire&ent savin#s9 $lo,d rites to !er reco&&endin# t!e R&M Co&'an, as an es'eciall, sec%re invest&ent. 1%t since $lo,d is t!e sole o ner o" R&M9 :arrier s!o%ld re+ect !is advice o%t o" !and and invest t!e savin#s else !ere. .1/ 6!ile s!o''in# "or a re"ri#erator9 Ra&on is a''roac!ed b, a sales'erson !o9 on t!e basis o" !er 'ersonal e('erience9 arns !i& a#ainst t!e least e('ensive &odel. :o ever9 t!e sales'ersons co&&ission increases it! t!e 'rice o" t!e re"ri#erator sold9 so Ra&on s!o%ld not re+ect t!e least e('ensive &odel on t!e sales'ersons advice alone. .C/ Mario ants to brin# 'astr, to *vettes 'art,9 and !en !e cons%lts !er *vette s%##ests t!at !e brin# !is "avorite c!ocolate "%d#e bro nies "ro& t!e local baker,. :o ever9 since *vette also 're"ers t!ose bro nies to an, ot!er 'astr,9 Mario o%ld be ise to c!eck it! ot!ers be"ore "ollo in# !er reco&&endation. .3/ Sara over!ears Ron talkin# abo%t a co%rse !e ill be teac!in# and interr%'ts to reco&&end a te(tbook "or !is co%rse. :o ever9 even t!o%#! Sara and Ron eac! rote a c!a'ter o" t!is te(tbook9 since t!e books editor is a 'ersonal "riend o" Saras9 Ron s!o%ld investi#ate "%rt!er be"ore decidin# !et!er it is t!e best te(tbook "or !is co%rse. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<AH

.E/ Mel is b%,in# "is! "or so%'. Joel9 !o o ns t!e "is! &arket !ere Mel is a re#%lar and val%ed c%sto&er9 s%##ests a &%c! less e('ensive "is! t!an t!e "is! Mel !ersel" 're"ers. Since i" Mel "ollo s Joels advice9 Joel ill &ake less 'ro"it on t!e sale t!an !e o%ld !ave ot!er ise9 Mel s!o%ld "ollo !is reco&&endation. 5I. Last ,ear t!e co%nt, 'ark s,ste& "ailed to #enerate eno%#! reven%e to cover its costs. An, b%siness s!o%ld be closed i" it is %n'ro"itable9 b%t co%nt, 'arks are not b%sinesses. T!ere"ore9 t!e "act t!at co%nt, 'arks are %n'ro"itable does not b, itsel" +%sti", closin# t!e&. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost closel, 'aralleled in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ A 'ri&e8ti&e television series s!o%ld be canceled i" it "ails to attract a lar#e a%dience9 b%t t!e s&all a%dience attracted b, t!e doc%&entar, series is not s%""icient reason to cancel it9 since it does not air d%rin# 'ri&e ti&e. .1/ Alt!o%#! co&'anies t!at &an%"act%re and &arket a%to&obiles in t!e =nited States &%st &eet strin#ent air80%alit, standards9 t!e 7MESA co&'an, s!o%ld be e(e&'t "ro& t!ese standards since it &an%"act%res bic,cles in addition to a%to&obiles. .C/ Alt!o%#! t!e 'rovince did not s'eci"icall, intend to 'ro!ibit bettin# on !orse races !en it 'assed a la 'ro!ibitin# #a&blin#9 s%c! bettin# s!o%ld be re#arded as bein# 'ro!ibited beca%se it is a "or& o" #a&blin#. .3/ Even t!o%#! cockatiels are not9 strictl, s'eakin#9 &e&bers o" t!e 'arrot "a&il,9 t!e, s!o%ld be "ed t!e sa&e diet as &ost 'arrots since t!e cockatiels dietar, needs are so si&ilar to t!ose o" 'arrots. .E/ Since &inors are not s%b+ect to t!e sa&e cri&inal la s as are ad%lts9 t!e, s!o%ld not be s%b+ect to t!e sa&e sorts o" '%nis!&ents as t!ose t!at a''l, to ad%lts. 51. Jane: Fro"essor :ar'ers ideas "or &odi",in# t!e desi#n o" #%itars are o" no val%e beca%se t!ere is no #eneral a#ree&ent a&on# &%sicians as to !at a #%itar s!o%ld so%nd like and9 conse0%entl,9 no idel, acce'ted basis "or eval%atin# t!e &erits o" a #%itars so%nd. Mark: 6!ats &ore9 :ar'ers ideas !ave !ad eno%#! ti&e to be ado'ted i" t!e, reall, res%lted in s%'erior so%nd. It took onl, ten ,ears "or t!e Torres desi#n "or #%itars to be al&ost %niversall, ado'ted beca%se o" t!e i&'rove&ent it &akes in tonal 0%alit,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes t!e relations!i' bet een Janes ar#%&ent and Marks ar#%&ent.A/ Marks ar#%&ent s!o s !o a eakness in Janes ar#%&ent can be overco&e. .1/ Marks ar#%&ent !as a 're&ise in co&&on it! Janes ar#%&ent.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<BI

.C/ Mark and Jane %se si&ilar tec!ni0%es to ar#%e "or di""erent concl%sions. .3/ Marks ar#%&ent restates Janes ar#%&ent in ot!er ter&s. .E/ Marks ar#%&ent and Janes ar#%&ent are based on con"lictin# s%''ositions. Questions !!-!3 3octors in 1ritain !ave lon# s%s'ected t!at 'atients !o ear tinted e,e#lasses are abnor&all, 'rone to de'ression and !,'oc!ondria. Fs,c!olo#ical tests #iven t!ere to !os'ital 'atients ad&itted "or '!,sical co&'laints like !eart 'ain and di#estive distress con"ir&ed s%c! a relations!i'. Fer!a's 'eo'le !ose relations!i' to t!e orld is 's,c!olo#icall, 'ain"%l c!oose s%c! #lasses to red%ce vis%al sti&%lation9 !ic! is 'erceived as irritatin#. At an, rate9 it can be concl%ded t!at !en s%c! #lasses are orn9 it is beca%se t!e earer !as a tendenc, to be de'ressed or !,'oc!ondriacal. 55. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 3e'ression is not ca%sed in so&e cases b, an or#anic condition o" t!e bod,. .1/ 6earers do not t!ink o" t!e tinted #lasses as a &eans o" distancin# t!e&selves "ro& oc!er 'eo'le. .C/ 3e'ression can !ave &an, ca%ses9 incl%din# act%al conditions abo%t !ic! it is reasonable "or an,one to be de'ressed. .3/ $or !,'oc!ondriacs earin# tinted #lasses9 t!e #lasses serve as a vis%al si#nal to ot!ers t!at t!e earers !ealt! is delicate. .E/ T!e tintin# does not di& li#!t to t!e e,e eno%#! to de'ress t!e earers &ood s%bstantiall,. 5<. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ So&e 'eo'le ear tinted #lasses not beca%se t!e, c!oose to do so b%t beca%se a &edical condition o" t!eir e,es "orces t!e& to do so. .1/ Even a de'ressed or !,'oc!ondriacal 'erson can !ave valid &edical co&'laints9 so a doctor s!o%ld 'er"or& all t!e %s%al ob+ective tests in dia#nosin# s%c! 'ersons. .C/ T!e con"ir&ator, tests ere not done "or 'laces s%c! as estern 2ort! A&erica !ere t!e %s%al 0%alit, o" li#!t di""ers "ro& t!at 'revailin# in 1ritain. .3/ $as!ions it! res'ect to earin# tinted #lasses di""er in di""erent 'arts o" t!e orld. .E/ At t!e !os'itals !ere t!e tests ere #iven9 'atients !o ere ad&itted "or conditions less a&bi#%o%s t!an !eart 'ain or di#estive distress did not s!o t!e relations!i' bet een tinted #lasses and de'ression or !,'oc!ondria. 5C. T!e onl, "ossili)ed bones o" lar#e 're, "o%nd in and aro%nd settle&ents o" earl, !%&ans bear teet! &arks o" non!%&an 'redators on areas o" t!e skeleton t!at !ad t!e &ost &eal9 and c%t &arks &ade b, !%&ans on t!e areas t!at !ad t!e least &eat. T!e 'redators t!at !%nted lar#e 're, invariabl, are t!e &eatiest 'arts o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<B1

carcasses9 leavin# %neaten re&ains be!ind. I" t!e in"or&ation above is tr%e9 it 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Earl, !%&ans ere 'redators o" s&all 're,9 not o" lar#e 're,. .1/ Earl, !%&ans ate "r%its and edible roots as ell as &eat. .C/ Earl, !%&ans o%ld !ave been &ore e""ective !%nters o" lar#e 're, i" t!e, !ad !%nted in lar#e #ro%'s rat!er t!an individ%all,. .3/ Earl, !%&ans ere not !%nters o" lar#e 're, b%t scaven#ed t!e %neaten re&ains o" 're, killed b, ot!er 'redators. .E/ Earl, !%&ans ere no&adic9 and t!eir settle&ents "ollo ed t!e &i#rator, 'atterns o" 'redators o" lar#e 're,. 5@. Geor#e: A ell8kno n ed%cator clai&s t!at c!ildren !o are read to !en t!e, are ver, ,o%n# are &ore likel, to en+o, readin# !en t!e, #ro %' t!an are c!ildren !o ere not read to. 1%t t!is clai& is clearl, "alse. M, co%sin E&or, as re#%larl, read to as a c!ild and as an ad%lt !e seldo& reads "or 'leas%re9 !ereas no one read to &e and readin# is no &, "avorite "or& o" rela(ation. =rs%la: *o% and E&or, 'rove not!in# in t!is case. *o%r e('erience is eno%#! to re"%te t!e clai& t!at all avid ad%lt readers ere read to as c!ildren9 b%t !at t!e ed%cator said abo%t readin# to c!ildren is not t!at sort o" clai&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# describes a "la in Geor#es reasonin#.A/ :e treats !is o n e('erience and t!e e('eriences o" ot!er &e&bers o" !is o n "a&il, as t!o%#! t!e, !ave &ore ei#!t as evidence t!an do t!e e('eriences o" ot!er 'eo'le. .1/ :e does not distin#%is! bet een t!e 0%alit, and t!e 0%antit, o" t!e books t!at ad%lts read to E&or, !en E&or, as a c!ild. .C/ :e overlooks t!e ell8kno n "act t!at not all readin# is e0%all, rela(in#. .3/ :e "ails to establis! t!at t!e clai& &ade b, t!is 'artic%lar ed%cator acc%ratel, re"lects t!e 'osition !eld b, t!e &a+orit, o" ed%cators. .E/ :e atte&'ts to re"%te a #eneral clai& b, re"erence to noncon"or&in# cases9 alt!o%#! t!e clai& is consistent it! t!e occ%rrence o" s%c! cases.

TEST 9
SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

7" all o" t!e s%r#eons 'racticin# at t!e cit, !os'ital9 t!e c!ie" s%r#eon !as t!e orst record in ter&s o" t!e 'ercenta#e o" !is 'atients !o die eit!er d%rin# or i&&ediatel, "ollo in# an o'eration 'er"or&ed b, !i&. Farado(icall,9 t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<B5

!os'itals ad&inistrators clai& t!at !e is t!e best s%r#eon c%rrentl, orkin# at t!e !os'ital. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 #oes "art!est to ard s!o in# t!at t!e ad&inistrators clai& and t!e statistic cited &i#!t bot! be correct.A/ Since t!e !os'ital ad&inistrators a''oint t!e c!ie" s%r#eon9 t!e ad&inistrators are stron#l, &otivated to de'ict t!e c!ie" s%r#eon t!e, !ave c!osen as a ise c!oice. .1/ In a''ointin# t!e c%rrent c!ie" s%r#eon9 t!e !os'ital ad&inistrators "ollo ed t!e 'ractice9 ell establis!ed at t!e cit, !os'ital9 o" 'ro&otin# one o" t!e s%r#eons alread, on sta"". .C/ So&e o" t!e ,o%n#er s%r#eons on t!e cit, !os'itals sta"" received 'art o" t!eir trainin# "ro& t!e c%rrent c!ie" s%r#eon. .3/ At t!e cit, !os'ital t!ose o'erations t!at in!erentl, entail t!e #reatest risk to t!e li"e o" t!e 'atient are #enerall, 'er"or&ed b, t!e c!ie" s%r#eon. .E/ T!e c%rrent c!ie" s%r#eon !as a better record o" 'atients s%rvivin# s%r#er, t!an did !is i&&ediate 'redecessor. 5. 1et een 1HA1 and 1HA@9 t!e #overn&ent o""ice t!at &onitors dr%# co&'anies iss%ed an avera#e o" GI citations a ,ear "or serio%s violations o" dr%#8'ro&otion la s. 1et een 1HAG and 1HBI9 t!e ann%al avera#e "or iss%ance o" s%c! citations as onl, @. T!is decrease indicates t!at t!e #overn&ent o""ice as9 on avera#e9 considerabl, &ore la( in en"orcin# dr%#8'ro&otion la s bet een 1HAG and 1HBI t!an it as bet een 1HA1 and 1HA@. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e decrease in t!e n%&ber o" citations as not ca%sed b, a decrease in dr%# co&'anies violations o" dr%#8'ro&otion la s. .1/ A c!an#e in en"orce&ent o" dr%#8'ro&otion la s did not a''l, to &inor violations. .C/ T!e en"orce&ent o" dr%#8'ro&otion la s c!an#ed in res'onse to 'olitical 'ress%re. .3/ T!e #overn&ent o""ice s!o%ld not iss%e &ore t!an an avera#e o" @ citations a ,ear to dr%# co&'anies "or serio%s violations o" dr%#8'ro&otion la s. .E/ 1e"ore 1HA1 t!e #overn&ent o""ice iss%ed &ore t!an GI citations a ,ear to dr%# co&'anies "or serio%s violations o" dr%#8'ro&otion la s. <. S!eila: :ealt! e('erts #enerall, a#ree t!at s&okin# a tobacco 'rod%ct "or &an, ,ears is ver, likel, to be !ar&"%l to t!e s&okers !ealt!. Ti&: 7n t!e contrar,9 s&okin# !as no e""ect on !ealt! at all: alt!o%#! &, #rand"at!er s&oked t!ree ci#ars a da, "ro& t!e a#e o" "o%rteen9 !e died at a#e ninet,8si(. A &a+or eakness o" Ti&s co%nterar#%&ent is t!at !is co%nterar#%&ent .A/ atte&'ts to re"%te a 'robabilistic concl%sion b, clai&in# t!e e(istence o" a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<B<

sin#le co%ntere(a&'le .1/ c!allen#es e('ert o'inion on t!e basis o" s'eci"ic in"or&ation %navailable to e('erts in t!e "ield .C/ describes an individ%al case t!at is e('licitl, disco%nted as an e(ce'tion to t!e e('erts concl%sion .3/ 'res%''oses t!at lon#evit, and !ealt! stat%s are %nrelated to eac! ot!er in t!e #eneral 'o'%lation .E/ tacitl, ass%&es t!at t!ose !ealt! e('erts !o are in a#ree&ent on t!is iss%e arrived at t!at a#ree&ent inde'endentl, o" one anot!er C. T!e case o" t!e $renc! Revol%tion is t,'icall, re#arded as t!e best evidence "or t!e clai& t!at societies can rea' &ore bene"it t!an !ar& "ro& a revol%tion. 1%t even t!e $renc! Revol%tion serves t!is role 'oorl,9 since $rance at t!e ti&e o" t!e Revol%tion !ad a %ni0%e advanta#e. 3es'ite t!e Revol%tion9 t!e sa&e civil servants and "%nctionaries re&ained in o""ice9 carr,in# on t!e da,8to8da, ork o" #overn&ent9 and t!%s &an, o" t!e disr%'tions t!at revol%tions nor&all, brin# ere avoided. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, c!aracteri)es t!e ar#%&entative strate#, %sed in t!e 'assa#e.A/ de&onstratin# t!at t!e clai& ar#%ed a#ainst is internall, inconsistent .1/ s%''ortin# a 'artic%lar 'osition on t!e basis o" #eneral 'rinci'les .C/ o''osin# a clai& b, %nder&inin# evidence o""ered in s%''ort o" t!at clai& .3/ +%sti",in# a vie t!ro%#! t!e %se o" a series o" 'ers%asive e(a&'les .E/ co&'arin# t o 'ositions in order to ill%strate t!eir relative stren#t!s and eaknesses @. A 'erson can develo' or o%t#ro ast!&a at an, a#e. In c!ildren %nder ten9 ast!&a is t ice as likel, to develo' in bo,s. 1o,s are less likel, t!an #irls to o%t#ro ast!&a9 ,et b, adolescence t!e 'ercenta#e o" bo,s it! ast!&a is abo%t t!e sa&e as t!e 'ercenta#e o" #irls it! ast!&a beca%se a lar#e n%&ber o" #irls develo' ast!&a in earl, adolescence. Ass%&in# t!e tr%t! o" t!e 'assa#e9 one can concl%de "ro& it t!at t!e n%&ber o" adolescent bo,s it! ast!&a is a''ro(i&atel, e0%al to t!e n%&ber o" adolescent #irls it! ast!&a9 i" one also kno s t!at .A/ a tendenc, to ard ast!&a is o"ten in!erited .1/ c!ildren !o develo' ast!&a be"ore t o ,ears o" a#e are %nlikel, to o%t#ro it .C/ t!ere are a''ro(i&atel, e0%al n%&bers o" adolescent bo,s and adolescent #irls in t!e 'o'%lation .3/ t!e develo'&ent o" ast!&a in c!ild!ood is not closel, related to cli&ate or environ&ent

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<BC

.E/ t!e 'ercenta#e o" ad%lts it! ast!&a is lo er t!an t!e 'ercenta#e o" adolescents it! ast!&a G. :arr, Treval#a: *o% and ,o%r '%blication !ave %n"airl, discri&inated a#ainst &, 'oe&s. I !ave s%b&itted t!irt, 'oe&s in t!e last t o ,ears and ,o% !ave not '%blis!ed an, o" t!e&J It is all beca%se I on t!e $enner Foetr, A ard t o ,ears a#o and ,o%r 'oetr, editor t!o%#!t s!e deserved it. F%blis!er: Ridic%lo%sJ 7%r editorial 'olic, and 'ractice is 'er"ectl, "air9 since o%r 'oetr, editor +%d#es all s%b&issions "or '%blication it!o%t ever seein# t!e na&es o" t!e 'oets9 and !ence cannot 'ossibl, !ave kno n !o rote ,o%r 'oe&s. T!e '%blis!er &akes !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions in re'l,in# to Treval#as c!ar#es o" %n"air discri&ination.A/ T!e 'oetr, editor does not bear a #r%d#e a#ainst :arr, Treval#a "or !is innin# t!e $enner Foetr, A ard. .1/ It is not %n%s%al "or 'oets to contrib%te &an, 'oe&s to t!e '%blis!ers '%blication it!o%t ever !avin# an, acce'ted "or '%blication. .C/ T!e 'oetr, editor cannot reco#ni)e t!e 'oe&s s%b&itted b, :arr, Treval#a as !is %nless Treval#as na&e is attac!ed to t!e&. .3/ T!e 'oetr, editors decisions on !ic! 'oe&s to '%blis! are not based strictl, on +%d#&ents o" intrinsic &erit. .E/ :arr, Treval#a s%b&itted !is 'oe&s to t!e '%blis!ers '%blication %nder !is 'en na&e. A. In a st%d, o" t!e e""ect o" radiation "ro& n%clear ea'ons 'lants on 'eo'le livin# in areas near t!e&9 researc!ers co&'ared deat! rates in t!e areas near t!e 'lants it! deat! rates in areas t!at !ad no s%c! 'lants. $indin# no di""erence in t!ese rates9 t!e researc!ers concl%ded t!at radiation "ro& t!e n%clear ea'ons 'lants 'oses no !ealt! !a)ards to 'eo'le livin# near t!e&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e researc!ers ar#%&ent.A/ 2%clear 'o er 'lants ere not incl%ded in t!e st%d,. .1/ T!e areas st%died !ad si&ilar deat! rates be"ore and a"ter t!e n%clear ea'ons 'lants ere b%ilt. .C/ E('os%re to n%clear radiation can ca%se &an, serio%s diseases t!at do not necessaril, res%lt in deat!. .3/ 7nl, a s&all n%&ber o" areas !ave n%clear ea'ons 'lants. .E/ T!e researc!ers did not st%d, t!e 'ossible !ealt! !a)ards o" radiation on 'eo'le !o ere e&'lo,ed at t!e n%clear ea'ons 'lants i" t!ose e&'lo,ees did not live in t!e st%d, areas. B. It as once believed t!at cells #ro n in laborator, tiss%e c%lt%res ere essentiall,

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<B@

i&&ortal. T!at is9 as lon# as all o" t!eir needs ere &et9 t!e, o%ld contin%e dividin# "orever. :o ever9 it !as been s!o n t!at nor&al cells !ave a "inite re'rod%ctive li&it. A !%&an liver cell9 "or e(a&'le9 divides GI ti&es and t!en sto's. I" s%c! a cell divides <I ti&es and t!en is '%t into a dee' "ree)e "or &ont!s or even ,ears. It >re&e&bers? !ere it sto''ed dividin#. A"ter t!a in#9 it divides anot!er <I ti&esKb%t no &ore. I" t!e in"or&ation above is acc%rate9 a liver cell in !ic! &ore t!an GI divisions took 'lace in a tiss%e c%lt%re CA227T be !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ an abnor&al !%&an liver cell .1/ a nor&al !%&an liver cell t!at !ad been "ro)en a"ter its "irst division and a"ter ard t!a ed .C/ a nor&al cell t!at ca&e "ro& t!e liver o" an individ%al o" a non!%&an s'ecies and !ad never been "ro)en .3/ a nor&al liver cell t!at ca&e "ro& an individ%al o" a non!%&an s'ecies and !ad been "ro)en a"ter its "irst division and a"ter ard t!a ed .E/ an abnor&al cell "ro& t!e liver o" an individ%al o" a non!%&an s'ecies H. Co&'laints t!at &ilk bottlers take enor&o%s &ark%'s on t!e bottled &ilk sold to cons%&ers are &ost likel, to arise !en least arranted b, t!e act%al s'read bet een t!e 'rice t!at bottlers 'a, "or ra &ilk and t!e 'rice at !ic! t!e, sell bottled &ilk. T!e co&'laints occ%r !en t!e bottled8&ilk 'rice rises9 ,et t!ese 'rice increases &ost o"ten &erel, re"lect t!e risin# 'rice o" t!e ra &ilk t!at bottlers b%, "ro& dair, "ar&ers. 6!en t!e ra 8&ilk 'rice is risin#9 t!e bottlers &ark%'s are act%all, s&allest 'ro'ortionate to t!e retail 'rice. 6!en t!e ra 8&ilk 'rice is "allin#9 !o ever9 t!e &ark%'s are #reatest. I" all o" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ Cons%&ers 'a, &ore "or bottled &ilk !en ra 8&ilk 'rices are "allin# t!an !en t!ese 'rices are risin#. .1/ Increases in dair, "ar&ers cost o" 'rod%cin# &ilk are #enerall, not 'assed on to cons%&ers. .C/ Milk bottlers take s%bstantiall, #reater &ark%'s on bottled &ilk !en its 'rice is lo "or an e(tended 'eriod t!an !en it is !i#! "or an e(tended 'eriod. .3/ Milk bottlers #enerall, do not res'ond to a decrease in ra 8&ilk 'rices b, strai#!ta a, 'ro'ortionatel, lo erin# t!e 'rice o" t!e bottled &ilk t!e, sell. .E/ Cons%&ers tend to co&'lain &ore abo%t t!e 'rice t!e, 'a, "or bottled &ilk !en dair, "ar&ers are earnin# t!eir s&allest 'ro"its. Questions 10-11 I" t!e '%blic librar, s!ared b, t!e ad+acent to ns o" Redville and Glen ood ere relocated "ro& t!e librar,s c%rrent9 overcro ded b%ildin# in central Redville to a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<BG

lar#er9 available b%ildin# in central Glen ood9 t!e librar, o%ld t!en be it!in alkin# distance o" a lar#er n%&ber o" librar, %sers. T!at is beca%se t!ere are &an, &ore 'eo'le livin# in central Glen ood t!an in central Redville9 and 'eo'le #enerall, ill alk to t!e librar, onl, i" it is located close to t!eir !o&es. 1I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e '%blic librar, as located bet een Glen ood and Redville be"ore bein# &oved to its c%rrent location in central Redville. .1/ T!e area covered b, central Glen ood is a''ro(i&atel, t!e sa&e si)e as t!at covered b, central Redville. .C/ T!e b%ildin# t!at is available in Glen ood is s&aller t!an an alternative b%ildin# t!at is available in Redville. .3/ Man, o" t!e 'eo'le !o %se t!e '%blic librar, do not live in eit!er Glen ood or Redville. .E/ T!e distance t!at 'eo'le c%rrentl, alk to #et to t!e librar, is "art!er t!an !at is #enerall, considered alkin# distance. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Man, &ore 'eo'le !o c%rrentl, alk to t!e librar, live in central Redville t!an in central Glen ood. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le livin# in central Glen ood !o o%ld %se t!e librar, i" it ere located t!ere is s&aller t!an t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le livin# in central Redville !o c%rrentl, %se t!e librar,. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le %sin# t!e '%blic librar, o%ld contin%e to increase steadil, i" t!e librar, ere &oved to Glen ood. .3/ Most o" t!e 'eo'le !o c%rrentl, eit!er drive to t!e librar, or take '%blic trans'ortation to reac! it o%ld contin%e to do so i" t!e librar, ere &oved to central Glen ood. .E/ Most o" t!e 'eo'le !o c%rrentl, alk to t!e librar, o%ld re&ain librar, %sers i" t!e librar, ere relocated to central Glen ood. 15. Li#!t %tilit, tr%cks !ave beco&e 'o'%lar a&on# cons%&ers !o b%, t!e& 'ri&aril, "or t!e tr%cks r%##ed a''earance. *et alt!o%#! t!ese tr%cks are to%#!8 lookin#9 t!e, are e(e&'t "ro& t!e #overn&ents car8sa"et, standards t!at dictate &ini&%& roo" stren#t! and &ini&%& resistance to i&'act. T!ere"ore9 i" involved in a serio%s !i#!8i&'act accident9 a driver o" one o" t!ese tr%cks is &ore likel, to be in+%red t!an is a driver o" a car t!at is s%b+ect to t!ese #overn&ent standards. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ t!e #overn&ent !as establis!ed sa"et, standards "or t!e constr%ction o" li#!t %tilit, tr%cks .1/ 'eo'le !o b%, a%to&obiles solel, "or t!eir a''earance are &ore likel, t!an ot!er 'eo'le to drive recklessl,

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<BA

.C/ li#!t %tilit, tr%cks are &ore likel, t!an ot!er kinds o" ve!icles to be involved in accidents t!at res%lt in in+%ries .3/ t!e tr%cks r%##ed a''earance is dece'tive in t!at t!eir en#ines are not es'eciall, 'o er"%l .E/ li#!t %tilit, tr%cks are less likel, to &eet t!e car8sa"et, standards t!an are cars t!at are s%b+ect to t!e standards 1<. $ive ,ears a#o9 d%rin# t!e "irst 2ort! A&erican o%tbreak o" t!e cattle disease CEC9 t!e deat! rate "ro& t!e disease as @ 'ercent o" all re'orted cases9 !ereas toda, t!e corres'ondin# "i#%re is over 1B 'ercent. It is clear9 t!ere"ore9 t!at d%rin# t!ese 'ast @ ,ears9 CEC !as increased in vir%lence. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost s%bstantiall, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Man, recent cattle deat!s t!at !ave act%all, been ca%sed b, CEC !ave been &istakenl, attrib%ted to anot!er disease t!at &i&ics t!e s,&'to&s o" CEC. .1/ 3%rin# t!e "irst 2ort! A&erican o%tbreak o" t!e disease9 &an, o" t!e deat!s re'orted to !ave been ca%sed b, CEC ere act%all, d%e to ot!er ca%ses. .C/ An inoc%lation 'ro#ra& a#ainst CEC as recentl, be#%n a"ter controlled st%dies s!o ed inoc%lation to be AI 'ercent e""ective in 'reventin# serio%s cases o" t!e illness. .3/ Since t!e "irst o%tbreak9 "ar&ers !ave learned to treat &ild cases o" CEC and no lon#er re'ort t!e& to veterinarians or a%t!orities. .E/ Cattle t!at !ave contracted and s%rvived CEC rarel, contract t!e disease a second ti&e. Questions 14-15 Econo&ist: So&e 'olic,&akers believe t!at o%r co%ntr,s contin%ed econo&ic #ro t! re0%ires a !i#!er level o" 'ersonal savin#s t!an e c%rrentl, !ave. A recent le#islative 'ro'osal o%ld allo individ%als to set %' savin#s acco%nts in !ic! interest earned o%ld be e(e&'t "ro& ta(es %ntil &one, is it!dra n "ro& t!e acco%nt. 1ackers o" t!is 'ro'osal clai& t!at its i&'le&entation o%ld increase t!e a&o%nt o" &one, available "or banks to loan at a relativel, s&all cost to t!e #overn&ent in lost ta( reven%es. *et9 !en si&ilar ta(8incentive 'ro#ra&s ere tried in t!e 'ast9 virt%all, all o" t!e &one, invested t!ro%#! t!e& as diverted "ro& ot!er 'ersonal savin#s9 and t!e overall level o" 'ersonal savin#s as %nc!an#ed. 1C. T!e 'assa#e as a !ole 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ 1ackers o" t!e ta(8incentive 'ro'osal %ndo%btedl, !ave so&e &otive ot!er t!an t!eir e('ressed ai& o" increasin# t!e a&o%nt o" &one, available "or banks to loan. .1/ T!e 'ro'osed ta( incentive is %nlikel, to attract eno%#! additional &one, into 'ersonal savin#s acco%nts to &ake %' "or t!e attendant loss in ta( reven%es. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<BB

.C/ A ta(8incentive 'ro#ra& t!at res%lted in s%bstantial loss o" ta( reven%es o%ld be likel, to #enerate a lar#e increase in 'ersonal savin#s. .3/ T!e econo&, ill be in dan#er %nless so&e alternative to increased 'ersonal savin#s can be "o%nd to sti&%late #ro t!. .E/ T!e #overn&ent !as no e""ective &eans o" in"l%encin# t!e a&o%nt o" &one, t!at 'eo'le are illin# to '%t into savin#s acco%nts. 1@. T!e a%t!or critici)es t!e 'ro'osed ta(8incentive 'ro#ra& b, .A/ c!allen#in# a 're&ise on !ic! t!e 'ro'osal is based .1/ 'ointin# o%t a disa#ree&ent a&on# 'olic,&akers .C/ de&onstratin# t!at t!e 'ro'osals i&'le&entation is not "easible .3/ 0%estionin# t!e +%d#&ent o" t!e 'ro'osals backers b, citin# 'ast cases in !ic! t!e, !ad advocated 'ro#ra&s t!at !ave 'roved ine""ective .E/ dis'%tin# t!e ass%&'tion t!at a 'ro#ra& to enco%ra#e 'ersonal savin#s is needed 1G. Alt!o%#! all birds !ave "eat!ers and all birds !ave in#s9 so&e birds do not "l,. $or e(a&'le9 'en#%ins and ostric!es %se t!eir in#s to &ove in a di""erent a, "ro& ot!er birds. Fen#%ins %se t!eir in#s onl, to s i& %nder ater at !i#! s'eeds. 7stric!es %se t!eir in#s onl, to r%n it! t!e ind b, li"tin# t!e& as i" t!e, ere sails. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost 'arallel in its reasonin# to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Ancient '!iloso'!ers tried to e('lain not !o t!e orld "%nctions b%t !, it "%nctions. In contrast9 &ost conte&'orar, biolo#ists seek co&'re!ensive t!eories o" !o or#anis&s "%nction9 b%t &an, re"%se to s'ec%late abo%t '%r'ose. .1/ So&e c!airs are %sed onl, as decorations9 and ot!er c!airs are %sed onl, to ta&e lions. T!ere"ore9 not all c!airs are %sed "or sittin# in des'ite t!e "act t!at all c!airs !ave a seat and so&e s%''ort s%c! as le#s. .C/ So&e &%sicians in a s,&'!on, orc!estra 'la, t!e violin9 and ot!ers 'la, t!e viola9 b%t t!ese are bot! in t!e sa&e cate#or, o" &%sical instr%&ents9 na&el, strin# instr%&ents. .3/ All cars !ave si&ilar drive &ec!anis&s9 b%t so&e cars derive t!eir 'o er "ro& solar ener#,9 !ereas ot!ers b%rn #asoline. T!%s9 solar8'o ered cars are less e""icient t!an #asoline8'o ered ones. .E/ Sailin# s!i's &ove in a di""erent a, "ro& stea&s!i's. 1ot! sailin# s!i's and stea&s!i's navi#ate over ater9 b%t onl, sailin# s!i's %se sails to &ove over t!e s%r"ace. Questions 1'-18 Jones: Fre!istoric ooden tools "o%nd in So%t! A&erica !ave been dated to 1<9III http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<BH

,ears a#o. Alt!o%#! scientists attrib%te t!ese tools to 'eo'les !ose ancestors "irst crossed into t!e A&ericas "ro& Siberia to Alaska9 t!is cannot be correct. In order to !ave reac!ed a site so "ar so%t!9 t!ese 'eo'les &%st !ave been &i#ratin# so%t! ard ell be"ore 1<9III ,ears a#o. :o ever9 no s%c! tools datin# to be"ore 1<9III ,ears a#o !ave been "o%nd an, !ere bet een Alaska and So%t! A&erica. S&it!: *o%r evidence is inconcl%sive. T!ose tools ere "o%nd in 'eat bo#s9 !ic! are rare in t!e A&ericas. 6ooden tools in soils ot!er t!an 'eat bo#s %s%all, deco&'ose it!in onl, a "e ,ears. 1A. T!e 'oint at iss%e bet een Jones and S&it! is .A/ !et!er all 're!istoric tools t!at are 1<9III ,ears or older ere &ade o" ood .1/ !et!er t!e scientists attrib%tion o" tools co%ld be correct in li#!t o" Joness evidence .C/ !et!er t!e datin# o" t!e ooden tools b, t!e scientists co%ld be correct .3/ !o lon# a#o t!e 'eo'les !o crossed into t!e A&erican "ro& Siberia to Alaska "irst did so .E/ !et!er S&it!s evidence entails t!at t!e ooden tools !ave been dated correctl, 1B. S&it! res'onds to Jones b, .A/ citin# several st%dies t!at invalidate Joness concl%sion .1/ acc%sin# Jones o" distortin# t!e scientists 'osition .C/ dis'%tin# t!e acc%rac, o" t!e s%''ortin# evidence cited b, Jones .3/ s!o in# t!at Joness evidence act%all, s%''orts t!e denial o" Joness concl%sion .E/ c!allen#in# an i&'licit ass%&'tion in Joness ar#%&ent 1H. Editorial: It is clear t!at i" t!is co%ntr,s %niversities ere livin# %' to bot! t!eir &oral and t!eir intellect%al res'onsibilities9 t!e best8sellin# '%blications in &ost %niversit, bookstores o%ld not be "rivolo%s ones like 12 1oday and 3ossi0 -e4iew. :o ever9 in &ost %niversit, bookstores t!e onl, '%blication t!at sells better t!an 3ossi0 -e4iew is 12 1oday. I" t!e state&ents in t!e editorial are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ Feo'le !o '%rc!ase '%blications t!at are devoted 'ri&aril, to #ossi' or to television 'ro#ra&&in# are intellect%all, irres'onsible. .1/ It is irres'onsible "or %niversit, bookstores to carr, '%blications s%c! as 3ossi0 -e4iew and 12 1oday. .C/ Most 'eo'le !o '%rc!ase '%blications at %niversit, bookstores '%rc!ase eit!er 12 1oday or 3ossi0 -e4iew. .3/ Man, 'eo'le !o attend t!is co%ntr,s %niversities "ail to live %' to bot! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<HI

t!eir &oral and t!eir intellect%al res'onsibilities. .E/ At least so&e o" t!is co%ntr,s %niversities are not &eetin# t!eir &oral res'onsibilities or t!eir intellect%al res'onsibilities or bot!. Questions !0-!1 Sa%nders: Ever,one at last eeks nei#!bor!ood association &eetin# a#reed t!at t!e ro o" abandoned and vandali)ed !o%ses on Carlton Street 'osed a t!reat to t!e sa"et, o" o%r nei#!bor!ood. Moreover9 no one no dis'%tes t!at #ettin# t!e !o%ses torn do n eli&inated t!at t!reat. So&e 'eo'le tried to ar#%e t!at it as %nnecessar, to de&olis! !at t!e, clai&ed ere basicall, so%nd b%ildin#s9 since t!e cit, !ad establis!ed a "%nd to !el' 'eo'le in need o" !o%sin# b%, and re!abilitate s%c! b%ildin#s. T!e over !el&in# s%ccess o" t!e de&olition strate#,9 !o ever9 'roves t!at t!e &a+orit,9 !o "avored de&olition9 ere ri#!t and t!at t!ose !o clai&ed t!at t!e 'roble& co%ld and s!o%ld be solved b, re!abilitatin# t!e !o%ses ere ron#. 5I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld deter&ine t!at de&olis!in# t!e !o%ses as t!e ri#!t decision or instead o%ld deter&ine t!at t!e 'ro'osal advocated b, t!e o''onents o" de&olition s!o%ld !ave been ado'ted.A/ 6!en !at to do abo%t an abandoned nei#!bor!ood b%ildin# is in dis'%te9 t!e co%rse o" action t!at o%ld res%lt in t!e &ost !o%sin# "or 'eo'le !o need it s!o%ld be t!e one ado'ted %nless t!e b%ildin# is believed to 'ose a t!reat to nei#!bor!ood sa"et,. .1/ 6!en t!ere are t o 'ro'osals "or solvin# a nei#!bor!ood 'roble&9 and onl, one o" t!e& o%ld 'recl%de t!e 'ossibilit, o" tr,in# t!e ot!er a''roac! i" t!e "irst 'roves %nsatis"actor,9 t!en t!e a''roac! t!at does not "oreclose t!e ot!er 'ossibilit, s!o%ld be t!e one ado'ted. .C/ I" one o" t o 'ro'osals "or renovatin# vacant nei#!bor!ood b%ildin#s re0%ires #overn&ent "%ndin# !ereas t!e second does not9 t!e second 'ro'osal s!o%ld be t!e one ado'ted %nless t!e necessar, #overn&ent "%nds !ave alread, been sec%red. .3/ 2o 'lan "or eli&inatin# a nei#!bor!ood 'roble& t!at re0%ires de&olis!in# basicall, so%nd !o%ses s!o%ld be carried o%t %ntil all ot!er 'ossible alternatives !ave been t!oro%#!l, investi#ated. .E/ 2o 'ro'osal "or dealin# it! a t!reat to a nei#!bor!oods sa"et, s!o%ld be ado'ted &erel, beca%se a &a+orit, o" t!e residents o" t!at nei#!bor!ood 're"er t!at 'ro'osal to a 'artic%lar co%nter'ro'osal. 51. Sa%nders reasonin# is "la ed beca%se it .A/ relies on "ear rat!er t!an on ar#%&ent to 'ers%ade t!e nei#!bor!ood association to re+ect t!e 'olic, advocated b, Sa%nders o''onents .1/ "ails to establis! t!at t!ere is an,one !o co%ld 0%ali", "or cit, "%nds !o o%ld be interested in b%,in# and re!abilitatin# t!e !o%ses .C/ &istakenl, e0%ates an absence o" vocal '%blic dissent it! t!e 'resence o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<H1

%niversal '%blic s%''ort .3/ o""ers no evidence t!at t!e 'olic, advocated b, Sa%nders o''onents o%ld not !ave s%cceeded i" it !ad been #iven t!e c!ance .E/ does not s'eci", t!e 'recise nat%re o" t!e t!reat to nei#!bor!ood sa"et, s%''osedl, 'osed b, t!e vandali)ed !o%ses 55. $or t!e riters !o "irst #ave "e%dalis& its na&e9 t!e e(istence o" "e%dalis& 'res%''osed t!e e(istence o" a noble class. *et t!ere cannot be a noble class9 'ro'erl, s'eakin#9 %nless bot! t!e titles t!at indicate s%'erior9 noble stat%s and t!e in!eritance o" s%c! titles are sanctioned b, la . Alt!o%#! "e%dalis& e(isted in E%ro'e as earl, as t!e ei#!t! cent%r,9 it as not %ntil t!e t el"t! cent%r,9 !en &an, "e%dal instit%tions ere in decline9 t!at t!e !ereditar, trans"er o" le#all, reco#ni)ed titles o" nobilit, "irst a''eared. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# clai&s.A/ To sa, t!at "e%dalis& b, de"inition re0%ires t!e e(istence o" a nobilit, is to e&'lo, a de"inition t!at distorts !istor,. .1/ Frior to t!e t el"t! cent%r,9 t!e instit%tion o" E%ro'ean "e%dalis& "%nctioned it!o%t t!e 'resence o" a do&inant class. .C/ T!e "act t!at a societal #ro%' !as a distinct le#al stat%s is not in itsel" s%""icient to allo t!at #ro%' to be 'ro'erl, considered a social class. .3/ T!e decline o" "e%dalis& in E%ro'e as t!e onl, ca%se o" t!e rise o" a E%ro'ean nobilit,. .E/ T!e 'rior e(istence o" "e%dal instit%tions is a 'rere0%isite "or t!e e&er#ence o" a nobilit,9 as de"ined in t!e strictest sense o" t!e ter&. 5<. Ma,or S&it!9 one o" o%r "e #overn&ent o""icials it! a record o" o%ts'oken9 in"or&ed9 and consistent o''osition to n%clear 'o er 'lant constr%ction 'ro+ects9 !as no declared !ersel" in "avor o" b%ildin# t!e n%clear 'o er 'lant at Littleto n. I" so&eone it! !er 'ast antin%clear record no "avors b%ildin# t!is 'o er 'lant9 t!en t!ere is #ood reason to believe t!at it ill be sa"e and t!ere"ore s!o%ld be b%ilt. T!e ar#%&ent is v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at not all t!ose !o "ail to s'eak o%t on iss%es o" n%clear 'o er are necessaril, o''osed to it. .1/ It ass%&es it!o%t arrant t!at t!e 0%alities enablin# a 'erson to be elected to '%blic o""ice con"er on t!at 'erson a #ras' o" t!e scienti"ic 'rinci'les on !ic! tec!nical decisions are based. .C/ It "ails to establis! t!at a consistent and o%ts'oken o''osition is necessaril, an in"or&ed o''osition. .3/ It leads to t!e "%rt!er b%t %nacce'table concl%sion t!at an, 'ro+ect "avored b, Ma,or S&it! s!o%ld be sanctioned si&'l, on t!e basis o" !er !avin# s'oken http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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o%t in "avor o" it. .E/ It #ives no indication o" eit!er t!e basis o" Ma,or S&it!s "or&er o''osition to n%clear 'o er 'lant constr%ction or t!e reasons "or !er s%''ort "or t!e Littleto n 'ro+ect. 5C. Advertise&ent: In toda,s orld9 ,o% &ake a state&ent abo%t t!e 'erson ,o% are b, t!e car ,o% o n. T!e &essa#e o" t!e SME Mac!8@ is %na&bi#%o%s: Its o ner is 3,na&ic9 A##ressive9 and S%ccess"%l. S!o%ldnt ,o% o n an SME Mac!8@I" t!e clai&s &ade in t!e advertise&ent are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ An,one !o is d,na&ic and a##ressive is also s%ccess"%l. .1/ An,one !o is not bot! d,na&ic and s%ccess"%l o%ld &isre'resent !i&sel" or !ersel" b, bein# t!e o ner o" an SME Mac!8@. .C/ Feo'le !o b%, t!e SME Mac!8@ are %s%all, &ore a##ressive t!an 'eo'le !o b%, ot!er cars. .3/ 2o car ot!er t!an t!e SME Mac!8@ anno%nces t!at its o ner is s%ccess"%l. .E/ Al&ost no one o%ld "ail to reco#ni)e t!e kind o" 'erson !o o%ld c!oose to o n an SME Mac!8@. 5@. T!e #reat &edieval %niversities !ad no ad&inistrators9 ,et t!e, end%red "or cent%ries. 7%r %niversit, !as a !%#e ad&inistrative sta""9 and e are in serio%s "inancial di""ic%lties. T!ere"ore9 e s!o%ld abolis! t!e 'ositions and salaries o" t!e ad&inistrators to ens%re t!e lon#evit, o" t!e %niversit,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents contains "la ed reasonin# t!at &ost closel, 'arallels t!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 2o air'lane !ad +et en#ines be"ore 1HCI9 ,et air'lanes !ad been "l,in# since 1HI<. T!ere"ore9 +et en#ines are not necessar, "or t!e o'eration o" air'lanes. .1/ T!e novelists stories be#an to be acce'ted "or '%blication soon a"ter s!e started %sin# a co&'%ter to rite t!e&. *o% !ave been !avin# tro%ble #ettin# ,o%r stories acce'ted "or '%blication9 and ,o% do not %se a co&'%ter. To &ake s%re ,o%r stories are acce'ted "or '%blication9 t!en9 ,o% s!o%ld rite t!e& it! t!e aid o" a co&'%ter. .C/ A"ter doctors be#an %sin# antibiotics9 t!e n%&ber o" in"ections a&on# 'atients dro''ed drasticall,. 2o 9 !o ever9 resistant strains o" bacteria cannot be controlled b, standard antibiotics. T!ere"ore9 ne &et!ods o" control are needed. .3/ A bic,cle s!o%ld not be ridden it!o%t a !el&et. Since a #ood !el&et can save t!e riders li"e9 a !el&et s!o%ld be considered t!e &ost i&'ortant 'iece o" bic,clin# e0%i'&ent. .E/ T!e #reat cities o" t!e ancient orld ere &ostl, b%ilt alon# ater a,s. Arc!aeolo#ists searc!in# "or t!e re&ains o" s%c! cities s!o%ld t!ere"ore tr, to deter&ine !ere &a+or rivers %sed to r%n. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 25 Questions

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!e ca"eteria at Ac&e Co&'an, can o""er onl, "o%r &ain dis!es at l%nc!ti&e9 and t!e sa&e "o%r c!oices !ave been o""ered "or ,ears. Recentl, &%s!roo& casserole as o""ered in 'lace o" one o" t!e ot!er &ain dis!es "or t o da,s9 d%rin# !ic! &ore 'eo'le c!ose &%s!roo& casserole t!an an, ot!er &ain dis!. Clearl,9 i" t!e ca"eteria ants to 'lease its c%sto&ers9 &%s!roo& casserole s!o%ld re'lace one o" t!e re#%lar dis!es as a 'er&anent 'art o" t!e &en%. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it "ails to consider .A/ t!e 'ro'ortion o" Ac&e Co&'an, e&'lo,ees !o re#%larl, eat l%nc! in t!e co&'an, ca"eteria .1/ !et!er an, o" t!e in#redients %sed in t!e ca"eterias reci'e "or &%s!roo& casserole are incl%ded in an, o" t!e re#%lar &ain dis!es .C/ a desire "or variet, as a reason "or 'eo'les c!oice o" &%s!roo& casserole d%rin# t!e da,s it as o""ered .3/ !at "oods ot!er t!an &ain dis!es are re#%larl, o""ered at l%nc!ti&e b, t!e ca"eteria .E/ !et!er ot!er &eals besides l%nc! are served in t!e Ac&e Co&'an, ca"eteria

5.

6!en old8#ro "orests are cleared o" tall trees9 &ore s%nli#!t reac!es t!e "orest "loor. T!is res%lts in a s!ar' increase in t!e 'o'%lation o" lea", s!r%bs on !ic! t!e &%le deer de'end "or "ood. *et &%le deer !erds t!at in!abit cleared "orests are less ell8no%ris!ed t!an are !erds livin# in old8#ro t! "orests. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado(.A/ M%le deer !ave en),&e8ric! saliva and s'eciali)ed di#estive or#ans t!at enable t!e deer to di#est to%#! 'lants inedible to ot!er deer s'ecies. .1/ M%le deer !erds t!at in!abit cleared "orests tend to !ave &ore "e&ale it! ,o%n# o""s'rin# and "e er ad%lt &ales t!an do ot!er &%le deer 'o'%lations. .C/ M%le deer 'o'%lations are s'read t!ro%#!o%t estern 2ort! A&erica and in!abit !ot9 s%nn, cli&ates as ell as cool9 et cli&ates. .3/ As 'lants receive &ore s%nli#!t9 t!e, 'rod%ce !i#!er a&o%nts o" tannins9 co&'o%nds t!at in!ibit di#estion o" t!e 'lants 'roteins. .E/ Insect 'arasites9 s%c! as certain s'ecies o" ticks9 t!at "eed 'ri&ar, on &%le deer o"ten d ell in trees9 "ro& !ic! t!e, dro' onto 'assin# deer.

<.

Genevieve: Increasin# costs !ave led co&&ercial airlines to c%t back on air'lane &aintenance. Also9 red%ctions in '%blic s'endin# !ave led to air tra""ic control centers bein# %nder"%nded and %ndersta""ed. $or t!ese and ot!er reasons it is beco&in# 0%ite %nsa"e to "l,9 and so one s!o%ld avoid doin# it. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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:arold: *o%r reasonin# &a, be so%nd9 b%t I can !ardl, acce't ,o%r concl%sion !en ,o% ,o%rsel" !ave recentl, been "l,in# on co&&ercial airlines even &ore t!an be"ore. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# relies on a 0%estionable tec!ni0%e &ost si&ilar to t!at %sed in :arolds re'l, to Genevieve.A/ 3avid sa,s t!at t!e ne "il& is not ver, #ood9 b%t !e !as not seen it !i&sel"9 so I dont acce't !is o'inion. .1/ A lon# ti&e a#o Maria s!o ed &e a #reat a, to cook la&b9 b%t "or &edical reasons s!e no lon#er eats red &eat9 so Ill cook so&et!in# else "or dinner toni#!t. .C/ S%san !as been tr,in# to 'ers%ade &e to #o rock cli&bin# it! !er9 clai&in# t!at its 0%ite sa"e9 b%t last eek s!e "ell and broke !er collarbone9 so I dont believe !er. .3/ Fat !as s!o n &e researc! t!at 'roves t!at eatin# ra #reen ve#etables is ver, bene"icial and t!at one s!o%ld eat t!e& dail,9 b%t I dont believe it9 since s!e !ardl, ever eats ra #reen ve#etables. .E/ Gabriel !as all t!e 0%ali"ications e !ave s'eci"ied "or t!e +ob and !as &%c! relevant ork e('erience9 b%t I dont believe e s!o%ld !ire !i&9 beca%se !en !e orked in a si&ilar 'osition be"ore !is 'er"or&ance as &ediocre. C. All 'eo'le residin# in t!e co%ntr, o" Gradara a''rove o" le#islation re0%irin# t!at certain !a)ardo%s aste be dis'osed o" b, bein# b%rned in &odern !i#!8 te&'erat%re incinerators. :o ever9 aste dis'osal co&'anies 'lannin# to b%ild s%c! incinerators enco%nter "ierce resistance to t!eir a''lications "or b%ildin# 'er&its "ro& t!e residents o" ever, Gradaran co&&%nit, t!at t!ose co&'anies 'ro'ose as an incinerator site. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e residents si&%ltaneo%sl, !oldin# bot! o" t!e 'ositions ascribe t!e&.A/ :i#!8te&'erat%re incineration &ini&i)es t!e overall risk to t!e !%&an 'o'%lation o" t!e co%ntr, "ro& t!e astes bein# dis'osed o"9 b%t it concentrates t!e re&ainin# risk in a s&all n%&ber o" incineration sites. .1/ :i#!8te&'erat%re incineration is &ore e('ensive t!an an, o" t!e available alternatives o%ld be and t!e !i#!er costs o%ld be recovered t!ro%#! !i#!er 'rod%ct 'rices. .C/ :i#!8te&'erat%re incineration ill be carried o%t b, 'rivate co&'anies rat!er t!an b, a #overn&ent a#enc, so t!at t!e #overn&ent ill not be re0%ired to 'olice itsel". .3/ T!e to(in "%&es #enerated it!in a !i#!8te&'erat%re incinerator can be "%rt!er treated so t!at all to(ic resid%es "ro& a 'ro'erl, o'eratin# incinerator are solids. .E/ T!e s%bstantial cost o" !i#!8te&'erat%re incineration can be 'artiall, o""set b, reven%e "ro& sales o" electric ener#, #enerated as a b,8'rod%ct o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<H@

incineration. @. Elena: 6!ile I as at t!e do# s!o 9 ever, do# t!at #ro led at &e as a !ite 'oodle9 and ever, !ite 'oodle I sa #ro led at &e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& Elenas state&ent.A/ T!e onl, !ite do#s t!at Elena sa at t!e do# s!o .1/ T!ere ere no #ra, 'oodles at t!e do# s!o . .C/ At t!e do# s!o 9 no #ra, do#s #ro led at Elena. .3/ All t!e !ite do#s t!at Elena sa #ro led at !er. .E/ Elena did not see an, #ra, 'oodles at t!e do# s!o . Questions &-' 3erek: 6e &%st e('loit available reso%rces in develo'in# e""ective anticancer dr%#s s%c! as t!e one &ade "ro& &at%re Faci"ic ,e trees. Alt!o%#! t!e ,e 'o'%lation &i#!t be t!reatened9 t!e trees s!o%ld be !arvested no 9 since an e""ective s,nt!etic version o" t!e ,e s anticancer c!e&ical co%ld take ,ears to develo'. Lola: 2ot onl, are &at%re ,e s ver, rare9 b%t &ost are located in areas !ere lo##in# is 'ro!ibited to 'rotect t!e !abitat o" t!e endan#ered s'otted o l. 3es'ite o%r ea#erness to take advanta#e o" a ne &edical breakt!ro%#!9 e s!o%ld ait "or a s,nt!etic dr%# rat!er t!an t!reaten t!e s%rvival o" bot! t!e ,e and t!e o l9 !ic! co%ld !ave "ar8reac!in# conse0%ences "or an entire ecos,ste&. G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ain 'oint at iss%e bet een Lola and 3erek.A/ !et!er t!e !arvestin# o" available Faci"ic ,e s o%ld !ave "ar8reac!in# environ&ental re'erc%ssions .1/ !et!er t!e dr%#s t!at are e""ective a#ainst 'otentiall, deadl, diseases s!o%ld be based on s,nt!etic rat!er t!an nat%rall, occ%rrin# c!e&icals .C/ !et!er it is +%sti"iable to ait %ntil a s,nt!etic dr%# can be develo'ed !en t!e ca'acit, "or 'rod%cin# t!e ,e 8derived dr%# alread, e(ists .3/ t!e e(tent o" t!e environ&ental disaster t!at o%ld res%lt i" bot! t!e Faci"ic ,e and t!e s'otted o l ere to beco&e e(tinct .E/ !et!er environ&ental considerations s!o%ld ever !ave an, ei#!t !en !%&an lives are at stake A. Lolas 'osition &ost closel, con"or&s to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ =nless 'eo'les ell8bein# is t!reatened9 t!ere s!o%ld be no !i#!er 'riorit, t!an 'reservin# endan#ered 'lant and ani&al 'o'%lations. .1/ Medical researc!ers s!o%ld ork it! environ&entalists to co&e to an a#ree&ent abo%t t!e "ate o" t!e Faci"ic ,e and t!e s'otted o l. .C/ Environ&ental concerns s!o%ld 'la, a role in decisions concernin# &edical researc! onl, i" !%&an lives are not at stake. .3/ 7nl, &edical breakt!ro%#!s t!at co%ld save !%&an lives o%ld +%sti", http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj ere 'oodles.

GMAT & LSAT CR

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t!reatenin# t!e environ&ent. .E/ Avoidin# actions t!at t!reaten an entire ecos,ste& takes 'recedence over i&&ediatel, 'rovidin# advanta#e to a restricted #ro%' o" 'eo'le. B. T!e director o" a secondar, sc!ool !ere &an, st%dents ere !avin# severe acade&ic 'roble&s i&'aneled a co&&ittee to st%d, t!e &atter. T!e co&&ittee re'orted t!at t!ese st%dents ere !avin# acade&ic 'roble&s beca%se t!e, s'ent lar#e a&o%nts o" ti&e on sc!ool s'orts and too little ti&e st%d,in#. T!e director t!en 'ro!ibited all st%dents !o ere !avin# acade&ic 'roble&s "ro& takin# 'art in s'orts in !ic! t!e, ere active. :e stated t!at t!is o%ld ens%re t!at s%c! st%dents o%ld do ell acade&icall,. T!e reasonin# on !ic! t!e director bases !is state&ent is not so%nd beca%se !e "ails to establis! t!at .A/ so&e st%dents !o s'end ti&e on s'orts do not !ave acade&ic 'roble&s .1/ all st%dents !o do ell acade&icall, do so beca%se o" ti&e saved b, not 'artici'atin# in s'orts .C/ at least so&e o" t!e ti&e t!e st%dents ill save b, not 'artici'atin# in s'orts ill be s'ent on solvin# t!eir acade&ic 'roble&s .3/ no st%dents !o do ell acade&icall, s'end ti&e on s'orts .E/ t!e 0%alit, o" t!e sc!ools s'orts 'ro#ra& o%ld not s%""er as a res%lt o" t!e ban H. It can sa"el, be concl%ded t!at t!ere are at least as &an, trees in Seclee as t!ere are in Marto n. $ro& !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# does t!e concl%sion lo#icall, "ollo .A/ More trees ere 'lanted in Seclee in t!e 'ast t o ,ears t!an in Marto n. .1/ Seclee is t!e re#ion it!in !ic! Marto n is located. .C/ Marto n is s%""erin# "ro& an e'ide&ic o" tree8vir%s in"ection. .3/ T!e avera#e ann%al rain"all "or Seclee is #reater t!an t!e avera#e ann%al rain"all "or Marto n. .E/ T!e avera#e n%&ber o" trees c%t do n ann%all, in Marto n is !i#!er t!an in Seclee. Questions 10-11 A diste&'er vir%s !as ca%sed t o8t!irds o" t!e seal 'o'%lation in t!e 2ort! Sea to die since Ma, 1HBB. T!e e('lanation "or t!e deat!s cannot rest !ere9 !o ever. T!ere &%st be a reason t!e nor&all, latent vir%s co%ld 'revail so s%ddenl,: clearl, t!e severe 'oll%tion o" t!e 2ort! Sea aters &%st !ave eakened t!e i&&%ne s,ste& o" t!e seals so t!at t!e, co%ld no lon#er it!stand t!e vir%s. 1I. T!e ar#%&ent concernin# t!e i&&%ne s,ste& o" t!e seals 'res%''oses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#-

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

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.A/ T!ere !as been a #rad%al decline in t!e seal 'o'%lation o" t!e 2ort! Sea d%rin# t!e 'ast t o cent%ries. .1/ 2o "%rt!er so%rces o" 'oll%tion !ave been added since Ma, 1HBB to t!e alread, e(istin# so%rces o" 'oll%tion in t!e 2ort! Sea. .C/ T!ere as no s%dden &%tation in t!e diste&'er vir%s !ic! o%ld !ave allo ed t!e vir%s s%ccess"%ll, to attack !ealt!, 2ort! Sea seals b, Ma, 1HBB. .3/ Foll%tion in t!e 2ort! Sea is no #reater t!an 'oll%tion in t!e Mediterranean Sea9 o"" t!e coast o" 2ort! A&erica9 or in t!e Sea o" Ja'an. .E/ So&e s'ecies t!at 'rovide "ood "or t!e seals !ave nearl, beco&e e(tinct as a res%lt o" t!e 'oll%tion. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e e('lanation #iven in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ At vario%s ti&es d%rin# t!e last ten ,ears9 several s'ecies o" s!ell"is! and seabirds in t!e 2ort! Sea !ave e('erienced %n'recedented stee' dro's in 'o'%lation. .1/ 1, red%cin# 'oll%tion at its so%rce9 2ort!ern E%ro'e and Scandinavia !ave been takin# t!e lead in 'reventin# 'oll%tion "ro& reac!in# t!e aters o" t!e 2ort! Sea. .C/ $or &an, ,ears9 "is! "or !%&an cons%&'tion !ave been taken "ro& t!e aters o" t!e 2ort! Sea. .3/ T!ere are t o s'ecies o" seal "o%nd t!ro%#!o%t t!e 2ort! Sea area9 t!e co&&on seal and t!e #ra, seal. .E/ T!e diste&'er ca%sed b, t!e vir%s as a disease t!at as ne to t!e 'o'%lation o" 2ort! Sea seals in Ma, 1HBB9 and so t!e seals i&&%ne s,ste&s ere %n're'ared to co%nter it. 15. It is clear t!at none o" t!e volle,ball 'la,ers at ,esterda,s o""ice beac! 'art, ca&e to ork toda, since ever,one !o 'la,ed volle,ball at t!at 'art, #ot badl, s%nb%rned and no one at ork toda, is even sli#!tl, s%nb%rned. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits a 'attern o" reasonin# t!at &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Since ever,one e&'lo,ed b, TR$ !o as #iven t!e o''ort%nit, to '%rc!ase dental ins%rance did so and ever,one !o '%rc!ased dental ins%rance sa a dentist9 it is clear t!at no one !o "ailed to see a dentist is e&'lo,ed b, TR$. .1/ Since no one !o as 'ro&oted d%rin# t!e 'ast ,ear "ailed to attend t!e a ards ban0%et9 evidentl, none o" t!e o""ice &ana#ers attended t!e ban0%et t!is ,ear since t!e, ere all denied 'ro&otion. .C/ Since t!e 3onnel, re'ort as not "inis!ed on ti&e9 no one in Jo!ns #ro%' co%ld !ave been assi#ned to contrib%te to t!at re'ort since ever,one in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<HB

Jo!ns #ro%' !as a re'%tation "or #ettin# assi#n&ents in on ti&e. .3/ Ever,one it! an o""ice on t!e second "loor orks directl, "or t!e 'resident and9 as a res%lt9 no one it! a second "loor o""ice ill take a J%l, vacation beca%se no one !o orks "or t!e 'resident ill be able to take ti&e o"" d%rin# J%l,. .E/ Since all o" t!e 'eo'le !o are no on t!e MEM Cor'oration 'a,roll !ave been e&'lo,ed in t!e sa&e +ob "or t!e 'ast "ive ,ears9 it is clear t!at no one !o "re0%entl, c!an#es +obs is likel, to be !ired b, MEM. Questions 13-14 T!e dean o" co&'%tin# &%st be res'ected b, t!e acade&ic sta"" and be co&'etent to oversee t!e %se o" co&'%ters on ca&'%s. T!e onl, deans !o& acade&ics res'ect are t!ose !o !old doctoral de#rees9 and onl, so&eone !o reall, kno s abo%t co&'%ters can co&'etentl, oversee t!e %se o" co&'%ters on ca&'%s. $%rt!er&ore9 t!e board o" tr%stees !as decided t!at t!e dean o" co&'%tin# &%st be selected "ro& a&on# t!is %niversit,s sta"". T!ere"ore9 t!e dean o" co&'%tin# &%st be a 'ro"essor "ro& t!is %niversit,s co&'%ter science de'art&ent. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Acade&ics res'ect onl, 'eo'le !o !old doctoral de#rees. .1/ All o" t!is %niversit,s 'ro"essors !ave obtained doctoral de#rees. .C/ At t!is %niversit,9 ever, 'ro"essor !o !olds a doctoral de#ree in co&'%ter science reall, kno s abo%t co&'%ters. .3/ All acade&ics !o !old doctoral de#rees are res'ected b, t!eir acade&ic collea#%es. .E/ A&on# t!is %niversit,s sta"" &e&bers it! doctoral de#rees9 onl, t!ose in t!e co&'%ter science de'art&ent reall, kno abo%t co&'%ters. 1C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!ere are &e&bers o" t!is %niversit,s sta"" !o !old doctoral de#rees and !o are not 'ro"essors b%t !o reall, kno abo%t co&'%ters. .1/ T!ere are &e&bers o" t!is %niversit,s '!iloso'!, de'art&ent !o do not !old doctoral de#rees b%t !o reall, kno abo%t co&'%ters. .C/ Co&'%ter science 'ro"essors !o !old doctoral de#rees b%t !o are not &e&bers o" t!is %niversit,s sta"" !ave a''lied "or t!e 'osition o" dean o" co&'%tin#. .3/ Several &e&bers o" t!e board o" tr%stees o" t!is %niversit, do not !old doctoral de#rees. .E/ So&e &e&bers o" t!e co&'%ter science de'art&ent at t!is %niversit, are not res'ected b, acade&ics in ot!er de'art&ents. Questions 15-1&

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

<HH

Cons%&er advocate: =nder t!e c%rrent absence o" #overn&ent standards "or "ood 'rod%ct labelin#9 &an%"act%rers are &isleadin# or deceivin# cons%&ers b, t!eir 'rod%ct labelin#. $or e(a&'le9 a certain brand o" +%ice is labeled >"res! oran#e +%ice9? ,et t!e 'rod%ct is &ade "ro& ater9 concentrate9 and "lavor en!ancers. Since >"res!? as a''lied to "ood 'rod%cts is co&&onl, %nderstood to &ean '%re and %n'rocessed9 labelin# t!at oran#e +%ice >"res!? is %n0%estionabl, dece'tive. Man%"act%rer: =sin# ords so&e !at di""erentl, t!an t!e, are co&&onl, %sed is not dece'tive. A"ter all9 >"res!? can also &ean never "ro)en. 6e cannot be "a%lted "or "ailin# to co&'l, it! standards t!at !ave not been o""iciall, "or&%lated. 6!en t!e #overn&ent sets clear standards 'ertainin# to 'rod%ct labelin#9 e ill certainl, co&'l, it! t!e&. 1@. 7n t!e basis o" t!eir state&ents above9 t!e cons%&er advocate and t!e &an%"act%rer are co&&itted to disa#reein# abo%t t!e tr%t! o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents.A/ In t!e absence o" #overn&ent standards9 co&&on %nderstandin# is t!e arbiter o" dece'tive labelin# 'ractices. .1/ Tr%t!"%l labelin# 'ractices t!at re"lect co&&on standards o" %sa#e can be establis!ed b, t!e #overn&ent. .C/ T!e ter& >"res!? !en it is a''lied to "ood 'rod%cts is co&&onl, %nderstood to &ean '%re and %n'rocessed. .3/ Ter&s t!at a''l, to nat%ral "oods can be tr%t!"%ll, a''lied to 'acka#ed "oods. .E/ Clear #overn&ent standards "or labelin# "ood 'rod%cts ill ens%re tr%t!"%l labelin# 'ractices. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'le9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld contrib%te &ost to a de"ense o" t!e &an%"act%rers 'osition a#ainst t!at o" t!e cons%&er advocate.A/ In t!e absence o" #overn&ent de"initions "or ter&s %sed in 'rod%ct labelin#9 co&&on standards o" %nderstandin# alone s!o%ld a''l,. .1/ Govern&ent standards "or tr%t!"%l labelin# s!o%ld al a,s be desi#ned to re"lect co&&on standards o" %nderstandin#. .C/ Feo'le s!o%ld be "ree to t!e e(tent t!at it is le#al to do so9 to e('loit to t!eir advanta#es t!e in!erent a&bi#%it, and va#%eness in lan#%a#e. .3/ 6!en #overn&ent standards and co&&on standards "or tr%t!"%l labelin# are inco&'atible it! eac! ot!er9 t!e #overn&ent standards s!o%ld al a,s take 'recedence. .E/ In t!eir inter'retation o" lan#%a#e9 cons%&ers s!o%ld never 'res%&e t!at va#%eness indicates an atte&'t to deceive on t!e 'art o" &an%"act%rers %nless t!ose &an%"act%rers o%ld rea' lar#e bene"its "ro& s%ccess"%l dece'tion. 1A. Certain ite&sKt!ose it! t!at !ard8to8de"ine 0%alit, called e(cl%sivit,K!ave t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CII

odd 'ro'ert,9 !en t!e, beco&e available "or sale9 o" sellin# ra'idl, even t!o%#! t!e, are e(tre&el, e('ensive. In "act9 tr,in# to sell s%c! an ite& "ast b, askin# too lo a 'rice is a serio%s error9 since it calls into 0%estion t!e ver, t!in#K e(cl%sivit,Kt!at is s%''osed to be t!e ite&s c!ie" a''eal. T!ere"ore9 #iven t!at a 'rice t!at ill 'rove to be ri#!t is virt%all, i&'ossible "or t!e seller to #a%#e in advance9 t!e seller s!o%ld &ake s%re t!at an, error in t!e initial askin# 'rice is in t!e direction o" settin# t!e 'rice too !i#!. T!e ar#%&ent reco&&ends a certain 'ricin# strate#, on t!e #ro%nds t!at .A/ t!is strate#, lacks a co%nter'rod%ctive "eat%re o" t!e re+ected alternative .1/ t!is strate#, !as all o" advanta#es o" t!e re+ected alternative9 b%t "e er o" its disadvanta#es .C/ e('erience !as 'roven t!is strate#, to be s%'erior9 even t!o%#! t!e reasons "or t!is s%'eriorit, el%de anal,sis .3/ t!is strate#, does not rel, on 'ros'ective b%,ers esti&ates o" val%e .E/ t!e error associated it! t!is strate#,9 %nlike t!e error associated it! t!e re+ected alternative9 is likel, to #o %nnoticed 1B. In order to control t!e deer 'o'%lation9 a biolo#ist !as 'ro'osed in+ectin# "e&ale deer d%rin# breedin# season it! 1I &illi#ra&s o" a !or&one t!at o%ld s%''ress "ertilit,. Critics !ave c!ar#ed t!at t!e 'ro'osal 'oses !ealt! risks to 'eo'le !o &i#!t eat t!e &eat o" treated deer and t!ereb, in#est %nsa"e 0%antities o" t!e !or&one. T!e biolo#ist !as res'onded to t!ese critics b, 'ointin# o%t t!at !%&ans can in#est %' to 1I &illi#ra&s o" t!e !or&one a da, it!o%t an, adverse e""ects9 and since no one o%ld eat even one entire deer a da,9 t!e treat&ent o%ld be sa"e. T!e biolo#ists res'onse to critics o" t!e 'ro'osal is based on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Feo'le o%ld be noti"ied o" t!e ti&e !en deer in t!eir area ere to be treated it! t!e !or&one. .1/ T!e !or&one t!at o%ld be in+ected into t!e deer is c!e&icall, si&ilar to !or&ones %sed in !%&an contrace'tives. .C/ :%ntin# season "or deer co%ld be sc!ed%led so t!at it o%ld not coincide it! breedin# season. .3/ T!e !or&one in 0%estion does not occ%r nat%rall, in t!e "e&ale deer t!at o%ld be in+ected. .E/ Most 'eo'le do not consider deer &eat to be 'art o" t!eir dail, diet and eat it onl, on rare occasions. 1H. A recent s%rve, cond%cted in one 2ort! A&erican cit, revealed ides'read concern abo%t t!e 'roble&s "aced b, teena#ers toda,. Sevent, 'ercent o" t!e ad%lts s%rve,ed said t!e, o%ld 'a, !i#!er ta(es "or dr%# treat&ent 'ro#ra&s9 and GI 'ercent said t!e, ere illin# to 'a, !i#!er ta(es to i&'rove t!e cit,s http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CI1

sc!ools. *et in a vote in t!at sa&e cit,9 a 'ro'osition to increase "%ndin# "or sc!ools b, raisin# ta(es "ailed b, a narro &ar#in to in &a+orit, a''roval. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# "actors9 i" tr%e9 o%ld LEAST contrib%te to an e('lanation o" t!e discre'anc, described above.A/ T!e s%rve, sa&'le as not re'resentative o" t!e voters !o voted on t!e 'ro'osition. .1/ Man, o" t!e 'eo'le !o ere s%rve,ed did not res'ond tr%t!"%ll, to all o" t!e 0%estions '%t to t!e&. .C/ T!e 'ro'osition as onl, 'art o" a &ore e('ensive co&&%nit, i&'rove&ent 'ro#ra& t!at voters !ad to acce't or re+ect in total. .3/ A 'ro'osition "or increasin# "%nds "or local dr%# treat&ent centers also "ailed to in a''roval. .E/ T!e 'ro'osition to raise ta(es "or sc!ools as co%c!ed in ter&inolo#, t!at &an, o" t!e voters "o%nd con"%sin#. Questions !0-!1 So8called environ&entalists !ave ar#%ed t!at t!e 'ro'osed Golden Lake 3evelo'&ent o%ld inter"ere it! bird8&i#ration 'atterns. :o ever9 t!e "act t!at t!ese sa&e 'eo'le !ave raised environ&ental ob+ections to virt%all, ever, develo'&ent 'ro'osal bro%#!t be"ore t!e co%ncil in recent ,ears indicates t!at t!eir e('ressed concern "or bird8 &i#ration 'atterns is not!in# b%t a &ask "or t!eir antidevelo'&ent9 anti'ro#ress a#enda. T!eir clai&9 t!ere"ore9 s!o%ld be dis&issed it!o%t "%rt!er consideration. 5I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estionable ar#%&entative tec!ni0%es is e&'lo,ed in t!e 'assa#e.A/ takin# t!e "ail%re o" a #iven ar#%&ent to establis! its concl%sion as t!e basis "or clai&in# t!at t!e vie e('ressed b, t!at concl%sion is "alse .1/ re+ectin# t!e concl%sion o" an ar#%&ent on t!e basis o" a clai& abo%t t!e &otives o" t!ose advancin# t!e ar#%&ent .C/ %sin# a "e e(ce'tional cases as t!e basis "or a clai& abo%t !at is tr%e in #eneral .3/ &isre'resentin# evidence t!at s%''orts t!e 'osition t!e ar#%&ent is intended to re"%te .E/ ass%&in# t!at !at is tr%e o" a #ro%' as a !ole is necessaril, tr%e o" eac! &e&ber o" t!at #ro%' 51. $or t!e clai& t!at t!e concern e('ressed b, t!e so8called environ&entalists is not t!eir real concern to be 'ro'erl, dra n on t!e basis o" t!e evidence cited9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be ass%&ed.A/ 2ot ever, develo'&ent 'ro'osal o''osed in recent ,ears b, t!ese so8called environ&entalists as o''osed beca%se t!e, believed it to 'ose a t!reat to t!e environ&ent. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CI5

.1/ Feo'le !ose real a#enda is to block develo'&ent !erever it is 'ro'osed al a,s tr, to dis#%ise t!eir tr%e &otives. .C/ An,one !o o''oses %nrestricted develo'&ent is an o''onent o" 'ro#ress. .3/ T!e co%ncil !as no reason to ob+ect to t!e 'ro'osed Golden Lake 3evelo'&ent ot!er t!an concern abo%t t!e develo'&ents e""ect on bird8 &i#ration 'atterns. .E/ 6!en 'eo'le sa, t!at t!e, o''ose a develo'&ent 'ro+ect solel, on environ&ental #ro%nds9 t!eir real concern al&ost al a,s lies else !ere. 55. Fs,c!olo#ists toda, reco#ni)e c!ild!ood as a se'arate sta#e o" li"e !ic! can onl, be %nderstood in its o n ter&s9 and t!e, onder !, t!e 6estern orld took so lon# to see t!e "oll, o" re#ardin# c!ildren si&'l, as s&all9 inade0%atel, sociali)ed ad%lts. Most 's,c!olo#ists9 !o ever9 'ersist in re#ardin# 'eo'le AI to HI ,ears old as t!o%#! t!e, ere <@ ,ear olds !o +%st !a''en to !ave !ite !air and e(tra leis%re ti&e. 1%t old a#e is as "%nda&entall, di""erent "ro& ,o%n# ad%lt!ood and &iddle a#e as c!ild!ood isKa "act attested to b, t!e or#ani)ation o" &odern social and econo&ic li"e. S%rel, it is ti&e9 t!ere"ore9 to ackno led#e t!at serio%s researc! into t!e %ni0%e 's,c!olo#, o" advanced a#e !as beco&e indis'ensable. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld 'rovide t!e stron#est backin# "or t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 6!enever c%rrent 's,c!olo#ical 'ractice con"licts it! traditional attit%des to ard 'eo'le9 t!ose traditional attit%des s!o%ld be c!an#ed to brin# t!e& in line it! c%rrent 's,c!olo#ical 'ractice. .1/ 6!enever t o #ro%'s o" 'eo'le are so related to eac! ot!er t!at an, &e&ber o" t!e second #ro%' &%st 'revio%sl, !ave been a &e&ber o" t!e "irst9 'eo'le in t!e "irst #ro%' s!o%ld not be re#arded si&'l, as deviant &e&bers o" t!e second #ro%'. .C/ 6!enever &ost 'ractitioners o" a #iven disci'line a''roac! a 'artic%lar 'roble& in t!e sa&e a,9 t!at %ni"or&it, is #ood evidence t!at all si&ilar 'roble&s s!o%ld also be a''roac!ed in t!at a,. .3/ 6!enever a societ,s econo&ic li"e is so or#ani)ed t!at t o distinct ti&es o" li"e are treated as bein# "%nda&entall, di""erent "ro& one anot!er9 eac! ti&e o" li"e can be %nderstood onl, in ter&s o" its o n distinct 's,c!olo#,. .E/ 6!enever 's,c!olo#ists a#ree t!at a sin#le 's,c!olo#, is inade0%ate "or t o distinct a#e #ro%'s9 t!e, s!o%ld be 're'ared to s!o t!at t!ere are #reater di""erences bet een t!e t o a#e #ro%'s t!an t!ere are bet een individ%als in t!e sa&e a#e #ro%'. 5<. Sabina: T!e ords %sed in e('ressin# "acts a""ect neit!er t!e "acts nor t!e concl%sions t!ose "acts ill s%''ort. Moreover9 i" t!e ords are clearl, de"ined and consistentl, %sed9 t!e act%al ords c!osen &ake no di""erence to an ar#%&ents so%ndness. T!%s9 !o an ar#%&ent is e('ressed can !ave no bearin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CI<

on !et!er it is a #ood ar#%&ent. E&ile: 1adl, c!osen ords can &ake even t!e so%ndest ar#%&ent a 'oor one. A"ter all9 &an, ords !ave social and 'olitical connotations t!at in"l%ence 'eo'les res'onse to clai&s e('ressed in t!ose ords9 re#ardless o" !o care"%ll, and e('licitl, t!ose ords are de"ined. Since !et!er 'eo'le ill ackno led#e a "act is a""ected b, !o t!e "act is e('ressed9 t!e concl%sions t!e, act%all, dra are also a""ected. T!e 'oint at iss%e bet een E&ile and Sabina is !et!er .A/ de"inin# ords in one a, rat!er t!an anot!er can alter eit!er t!e "acts or t!e concl%sions t!e "acts ill +%sti", .1/ a ord can be de"ined it!o%t takin# into acco%nt its social and 'olitical connotations .C/ a so%nd ar#%&ent in s%''ort o" a #iven concl%sion is a better ar#%&ent t!an an, %nso%nd ar#%&ent "or t!at sa&e concl%sion .3/ it o%ld be a #ood 'olic, to avoid %sin# ords t!at are likel, to lead 'eo'le eit!er to &is%nderstand t!e clai&s bein# &ade or to reason badl, abo%t t!ose clai&s .E/ a "actor t!at a""ects neit!er t!e tr%t! o" an ar#%&ents 're&ises nor t!e lo#ical relation bet een its 're&ises and its concl%sion can ca%se an ar#%&ent to be a bad one 5C. Most dis'osable 'lastic containers are no labeled it! a code n%&ber ."ro& 1 to H/ indicatin# t!e t,'e or 0%alit, o" t!e 'lastic. Flastics it! t!e lo est code n%&bers are t!e easiest "or rec,clin# 'lants to rec,cle and are t!%s t!e &ost likel, to be rec,cled a"ter %se rat!er t!an d%&'ed in land"ills. Flastics labeled it! t!e !i#!est n%&bers are onl, rarel, rec,cled. Cons%&ers can &ake a si#ni"icant lon#8 ter& red%ction in t!e a&o%nt o" aste t!at #oes %nrec,cled9 t!ere"ore9 b, re"%sin# to '%rc!ase t!ose 'rod%cts 'acka#ed in 'lastic containers labeled it! t!e !i#!est code n%&bers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e cost o" collectin#9 sortin#9 and rec,clin# discarded 'lastics is c%rrentl, !i#!er t!an t!e cost o" &an%"act%rin# ne 'lastics "ro& vir#in &aterials. .1/ Man, cons%&ers are %na are o" t!e codes t!at are sta&'ed on t!e 'lastic containers. .C/ A 'lastic container al&ost al a,s !as a !i#!er code n%&ber a"ter it is rec,cled t!an it !ad be"ore rec,clin# beca%se t!e rec,clin# 'rocess ca%ses a de#radation o" t!e 0%alit, o" t!e 'lastic. .3/ Frod%cts 'acka#ed in 'lastics it! t!e lo est code n%&bers are o"ten &ore e('ensive t!an t!ose 'acka#ed in t!e !i#!er8n%&bered 'lastics. .E/ Co&&%nities t!at collect all discarded 'lastic containers "or 'otential

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CIC

rec,clin# later d%&' in land"ills 'lastics it! !i#!er8n%&bered codes onl, !en it is clear t!at no rec,cler ill take t!e&. 5@. 3es'ite a stead, decrease in t!e avera#e n%&ber o" !o%rs orked 'er 'erson 'er eek9 t!e s!are o" t!e 'o'%lation t!at reads a dail, ne s'a'er !as declined #reatl, in t!e 'ast 5I ,ears. 1%t t!e 'ercenta#e o" t!e 'o'%lation t!at atc!es television dail, !as s!o n a si&ilarl, dra&atic increase over t!e sa&e 'eriod. Clearl,9 increased television vie in# !as ca%sed a si&%ltaneo%s decline in ne s'a'er readin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld be &ost da&a#in# to t!e e('lanation #iven above "or t!e decline in ne s'a'er readin#.A/ T!ere !as been a dra&atic increase over t!e 'ast 5I ,ears in t!e 'ercenta#e o" 'eo'le !o tell 'olltakers t!at television is t!eir 'ri&ar, so%rce o" in"or&ation abo%t c%rrent events. .1/ 7" t!ose &e&bers o" t!e 'o'%lation !o do not atc! television9 t!e 'ercenta#e !o read a ne s'a'er ever, da, !as also s!o n a dra&atic decrease. .C/ T!e ti&e 'eo'le s'end it! t!e books and ne s'a'ers t!e, read !as increased9 on avera#e9 "ro& 1 to < !o%rs 'er eek in t!e 'ast 5I ,ears. .3/ Feo'le !o s'end lar#e a&o%nts o" ti&e eac! da, atc!in# television are less able to 'rocess and re&e&ber 'rinted in"or&ation t!an are t!ose !o do not atc! television. .E/ A t,'ical television set is on G !o%rs a da,9 do n "ro& an avera#e o" G 1R5 !o%rs a da, @ ,ears a#o.

TEST 10
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Cri&es in !ic! !and#%ns are %sed are &ore likel, t!an ot!er cri&es to res%lt in "atalities. :o ever9 t!e &a+orit, o" cri&es in !ic! !and#%ns are %sed do not res%lt in "atalities. T!ere"ore9 t!ere is no need to enact la s t!at address cri&es involvin# !and#%ns as distinct "ro& ot!er cri&es. T!e 'attern o" "la ed reasonin# dis'la,ed in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, rese&bles t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 7ver ei#!t 'eo'le are at !i#!er risk o" develo'in# !eart disease t!an ot!er 'eo'le. :o ever9 &ore t!an !al" o" all over ei#!t 'eo'le never develo' !eart disease. :ence it is %nnecessar, "or '!,sicians to be &ore care"%l to e&'!asi)e t!e dan#er o" !eart disease to t!eir over ei#!t 'atients t!an to t!eir ot!er 'atients. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CI@

.1/ Man, 'eo'le s i& dail, in order to sta, '!,sicall, "it. *et 'eo'le !o s i& dail, increase t!eir risk o" develo'in# ear in"ections. :ence 'eo'le !o ant to re&ain in #ood !ealt! are better o"" not "ollo in# "itness 'ro#ra&s t!at incl%de s i&&in# dail,. .C/ Most '!,sicians reco&&end a balanced diet "or t!ose !o ant to re&ain in #ood !ealt!. *et &an, 'eo'le "ind t!at nontraditional dietar, re#i&ents s%c! as e(tended "astin# do t!eir !ealt! no serio%s !ar&. T!ere"ore9 t!ere is no need "or ever,one to avoid nontraditional dietar, re#i&ents. .3/ $ood ric! in c!olesterol and "at 'ose a serio%s !ealt! t!reat to &ost 'eo'le. :o ever9 &an, 'eo'le are rel%ctant to #ive %' eatin# "oods t!at t!e, #reatl, en+o,. T!ere"ore9 'eo'le !o re"%se to #ive %' ric! "oods need to s'end &ore ti&e e(ercisin# t!an do ot!er 'eo'le. .E/ Man, serio%s !ealt! 'roble&s are t!e res%lt o" dietar, disorders. *et t!ese disorders are o"ten bro%#!t abo%t b, 's,c!olo#ical "actors. :ence 'eo'le s%""erin# "ro& serio%s !ealt! 'roble&s s!o%ld %nder#o 's,c!olo#ical eval%ation. 5. Tall c!ildren can #enerall, reac! !i#! s!elves easil,. S!ort c!ildren can #enerall, reac! !i#! s!elves onl, it! di""ic%lt,. It is kno n t!at s!ort c!ildren are &ore likel, t!an are tall c!ildren to beco&e s!ort ad%lts. T!ere"ore9 i" s!ort c!ildren are ta%#!t to reac! !i#! s!elves easil,9 t!e 'ro'ortion o" t!e& !o beco&e s!ort ad%lts ill decrease. A reasonin# error in t!e ar#%&ent is t!at t!e ar#%&ent .A/ attrib%tes a c!aracteristic o" an individ%al &e&ber o" a #ro%' to t!e #ro%' as a !ole .1/ 'res%''oses t!at !ic! is to be 'roved .C/ re"%tes a #enerali)ation b, &ean o" an e(ce'tional case .3/ ass%&es a ca%sal relations!i' !ere onl, a correlation !as been indicated .E/ take lack o" evidence "or t!e e(istence o" a state o" a""airs as evidence t!at t!ere can be no s%c! state o" a""airs <. 1alance is 'artic%larl, i&'ortant !en re'ortin# t!e back#ro%nd o" civil ars and con"licts. $acts &%st not be deliberatel, &ani'%lated to s!o one 'art, in a "avorable li#!t9 and t!e vie s o" eac! side s!o%ld be "airl, re'resented. T!is conce't o" balance9 !o ever9 does not +%sti", concealin# or #lossin# over basic in+%stices in an e""ort to be even8!anded. I" all t!e &edia ere to ado't s%c! a 'erverse inter'retation o" balanced re'ortin#9 t!e '%blic o%ld be #iven a 'ict%re o" a orld !ere eac! 'art, in ever, con"lict !ad an e0%al &eas%re o" +%stice on its side9 contrar, to o%r e('erience o" li"e and9 indeed9 o%r co&&on sense. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best e('resses t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 1alanced re'ortin# 'resents t!e '%blic it! a 'ict%re o" t!e orld in !ic! all sides to a con"lict !ave e0%al +%sti"ication. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CIG

.1/ 1alanced re'ortin# re0%ires i&'artiall, revealin# in+%stices !ere t!e, occ%r no less t!an "airl, 'resentin# t!e vie s o" eac! 'art, in a con"lict. .C/ 7%r e('erience o" li"e s!o s t!at t!ere are indeed cases in !ic! con"licts arise beca%se o" an in+%stice9 it! one 'art, clearl, in t!e ron#. .3/ Co&&on sense tells %s t!at balance is es'eciall, needed !en re'ortin# t!e back#ro%nd o" civil ars and con"licts. .E/ 1alanced re'ortin# is an ideal t!at cannot be reali)ed9 beca%se +%d#&ents o" balance are necessaril, s%b+ective. C. 3ata "ro& satellite '!oto#ra'!s o" t!e tro'ical rain "orest in Melonia s!o t!at last ,ear t!e de"orestation rate o" t!is environ&entall, sensitive )one as si#ni"icantl, lo er t!an in 'revio%s ,ears. T!e Melonian #overn&ent9 !ic! s'ent &illions o" dollars last ,ear to en"orce la s a#ainst b%rnin# and c%ttin# o" t!e "orest9 is clai&in# t!at t!e satellite data indicate t!at its increased e""orts to !alt t!e destr%ction are 'rovin# e""ective. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e #overn&ents clai&.A/ Lando ner o''osition to t!e #overn&ents antide"orestation e""orts #re &ore violent last ,ear in res'onse to t!e increased en"orce&ent. .1/ Rain"all d%rin# t!e %s%all, dr, G8&ont! ann%al b%rnin# season as abnor&all, !eav, last ,ear. .C/ Govern&ent a#ents !ad to iss%e "ines totalin# over LH &illion to <9@II violators o" b%rnin#8and8c%ttin# re#%lations. .3/ T!e inaccessibilit, o" &%c! o" t!e rain "orest !as &ade it i&'ossible to con"ir& t!e satellite data b, direct observation "ro& t!e "ield. .E/ M%c! o" t!e &one, t!at as desi#nated last ,ear "or "orest 'reservation !as been s'ent on researc! and not on en"orce&ent. @. Advertise&ent: 2ort! oods Ma'le S,r%'9 &ade t!e old8"as!ioned a,9 is si&'l, to's "or taste. And !ere is t!e 'roo": in a recent &arket s%rve,9 A o%t o" ever, 1I s!o''ers !o e('ressed a 're"erence said t!at 2ort! oods as t!e onl, &a'le s,r%' "or t!e&9 no i"s9 ands9 or b%ts. 7" t!e "ollo in#9 !ic! one is t!e stron#est reason !, t!e advertise&ent is 'otentiall, &isleadin#.A/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" s!o''ers e('ressin# no 're"erence &i#!t !ave been ver, s&all. .1/ 7t!er brands o" &a'le s,r%' &i#!t also be &ade t!e old8"as!ioned a,. .C/ 2o &arket s%rve, covers &ore t!an a si)able &inorit, o" t!e total 'o'%lation o" cons%&ers. .3/ T!e 're"erence "or t!e 2ort! oods brand &i#!t be based on s%c! a "actor as an e(ce'tionall, lo 'rice. .E/ S!o''ers !o b%, s,r%' &i#!t b%, onl, &a'le s,r%'. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CIA

G.

In t!e s%&&er o" 1H<G a 'ollin# service tele'!oned 1I9III =nited States voters and asked !o t!e, 'lanned to vote in t!e co&in# 'residential election. T!e s%rve, sa&'le incl%ded a variet, o" res'ondentsKr%ral and %rban9 &ale and "e&ale9 "ro& ever, state. T!e 'oll 'redicted t!at Al"red Landon o%ld so%ndl, de"eat $ranklin Roosevelt. 2evert!eless9 Roosevelt on in a landslide. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best e('lains !, t!e 'olls 'rediction as inacc%rate.A/ T!e intervie ers did not reveal t!eir o n 'olitical a""iliation to t!e res'ondents. .1/ 7nl, 'eo'le !o o%ld be 0%ali"ied to vote b, election ti&e ere intervie ed9 so t!e s%rve, sa&'le as not re'resentative o" t!e overall =nited States 'o'%lation. .C/ T!e s%rve, sa&'le as re'resentative onl, o" 'eo'le !o co%ld a""ord tele'!ones at a ti&e !en '!one o ners!i' as less co&&on t!an it is toda,. .3/ 2o e""ort as &ade to deter&ine t!e res'ondents 'olitical a""iliations. .E/ 1eca%se t!e 'oll asked onl, "or res'ondents candidate 're"erence9 it collected no in"or&ation concernin# t!eir reasons "or "avorin# Landon or Roosevelt.

A.

6aste &ana#e&ent co&'anies9 !ic! collect aste "or dis'osal in land"ills and incineration 'lants9 re'ort t!at dis'osable 'lastics &ake %' an ever8increasin# 'ercenta#e o" t!e aste t!e, !andle. It is clear t!at atte&'ts to decrease t!e a&o%nt o" 'lastic t!at 'eo'le t!ro a a, in t!e #arba#e are "ailin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 1eca%se 'lastics create !ar&"%l 'oll%tants !en b%rned9 an increasin# 'ercenta#e o" t!e 'lastics !andled b, aste &ana#e&ent co&'anies are bein# dis'osed o" in land"ills. .1/ Alt!o%#! &an, 'lastics are rec,clable9 &ost o" t!e 'lastics dis'osed o" b, aste &ana#e&ent co&'anies are not. .C/ Feo'le are &ore likel, to save and re%se 'lastic containers t!an containers &ade o" !eavier &aterials like #lass or &etal. .3/ An increasin# 'ro'ortion o" t!e 'a'er9 #lass9 and &etal cans t!at aste &ana#e&ent co&'anies %sed to !andle is no bein# rec,cled. .E/ 6!ile t!e 'ercenta#e o" 'rod%cts %sin# 'lastic 'acka#in# is increasin#9 t!e total a&o%nt o" 'lastic bein# &an%"act%red !as re&ained %nc!an#ed.

B.

Most o" t!e %ltraviolet radiation reac!in# t!e Eart!s at&os'!ere "ro& t!e S%n is absorbed b, t!e la,er o" stratos'!eric o)one and never reac!es t!e Eart!s s%r"ace. 1et een 1HGH and 1HBG9 t!e la,er o" stratos'!eric o)one over 2ort! A&erica t!inned9 decreasin# b, abo%t < 'ercent. *et t!e avera#e level o" %ltraviolet radiation &eas%red at researc! stations across 2ort! A&erica http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CIB

decreased over t!e sa&e 'eriod. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best reconciles t!e a''arentl, discre'ant "acts described above.A/ =ltraviolet radiation increases t!e risk o" skin cancer and cataractsD t!e incidence o" skin cancer and cataracts increased s%bstantiall, bet een 1HGH and 1HBG. .1/ 1et een 1HGH and 1HBG9 t!e la,er o" stratos'!eric o)one over 1ra)il t!inned9 and t!e avera#e level o" %ltraviolet radiation reac!in# t!e Eart!s s%r"ace in 1ra)il increased. .C/ Man%"act%red c!lorine c!e&icals t!in t!e la,er o" stratos'!eric o)one. .3/ 7)one 'oll%tion9 !ic! absorbs %ltraviolet radiation9 increased dra&aticall, bet een 1HGH and 1HBG. .E/ T!innin# o" t!e la,er o" stratos'!eric o)one varies "ro& one 'art o" t!e orld to anot!er and "ro& ,ear to ,ear. Questions 9-10 T!e n%&ber o" aircra"t collisions on t!e #ro%nd is increasin# beca%se o" t!e s%bstantial increase in t!e n%&ber o" "li#!ts o'erated b, t!e airlines. Man, o" t!e "atalities t!at occ%r in s%c! collisions are ca%sed not b, t!e collision itsel"9 b%t b, an in!erent "la in t!e cabin desi#n o" &ost aircra"t9 in !ic! seats9 b, restrictin# access to e&er#enc, e(its9 i&'ede esca'e. T!ere"ore9 to red%ce t!e total n%&ber o" "atalities t!at res%lt ann%all, "ro& s%c! collisions9 t!e airlines s!o%ld be re0%ired to re&ove all seats t!at restrict access to e&er#enc, e(its. H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e 'ro'osal.A/ T!e n%&ber o" deat!s t!at occ%rred in t!eater "ires beca%se t!eater 'atrons co%ld not esca'e as #reatl, red%ced !en t!eaters ere re0%ired to !ave aisles leadin# to eac! e(it. .1/ Re&ovin# t!e seats t!at block e&er#enc, e(its on aircra"t ill re0%ire a costl, re"ittin# o" aircra"t cabins. .C/ In t!e event o" "ire9 '%blic b%ildin#s e0%i''ed it! s&oke detectors !ave "e er "atalities t!an do '%blic b%ildin#s not so e0%i''ed. .3/ In t!e event o" collision9 'assen#ers on 'lanes it! a s&aller 'assen#er ca'acit, #enerall, s%""er &ore serio%s in+%r, t!an do 'assen#ers on 'lanes it! a lar#er 'assen#er ca'acit,. .E/ T!e sa"et, belts attac!ed to aircra"t seats "%nction to 'rotect 'assen#ers "ro& t!e "%ll "orce o" i&'act in t!e event o" a collision. 1I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'ro'osals9 i" i&'le&ented to#et!er it! t!e 'ro'osal &ade in t!e 'assa#e9 o%ld i&'rove t!e 'ros'ects "or ac!ievin# t!e stated ob+ective o" red%cin# "atalities.A/ T!e airlines s!o%ld be re0%ired9 !en b%,in# ne 'lanes9 to b%, onl, 'lanes http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CIH

it! %nrestricted access to e&er#enc, e(its. .1/ T!e airlines s!o%ld not be 'er&itted to increase "%rt!er t!e n%&ber o" "li#!ts in order to o""set t!e decrease in t!e n%&ber o" seats on eac! aircra"t. .C/ Air'ort a%t!orities s!o%ld be re0%ired to strea&line t!eir 'assen#er c!eck8in 'roced%res to acco&&odate t!e increased n%&ber o" 'assen#ers served b, t!e airlines. .3/ Air'ort a%t!orities s!o%ld be re0%ired to re"ine sec%rit, 'reca%tions b, &akin# t!e& less cons'ic%o%s it!o%t &akin# t!e& less e""ective. .E/ T!e airlines s!o%ld not be allo ed to increase t!e ticket 'rice "or eac! 'assen#er to o""set t!e decrease in t!e n%&ber o" seats on eac! aircra"t. 11. Recentl, discovered "ossil evidence casts do%bt on t!e evol%tionar, t!eor, t!at dinosa%rs are &ore closel, related to re'tiles t!an to ot!er classes o" ani&als. $ossils s!o t!at so&e dinosa%rs !ad !ollo bonesKa "eat%re "o%nd toda, onl, in ar&8blooded creat%res9 s%c! as birds9 t!at !ave a !i#! &etabolic rate. 3inosa%rs !ad ell8develo'ed senses o" si#!t and !earin#9 !ic! is not tr%e o" 'resent8da, cold8blooded creat%res like re'tiles. T!e !i#!l, arc!ed &o%t! roo" o" so&e dinosa%rs o%ld !ave 'er&itted t!e& to breat!e !ile eatin#9 as "ast8 breat!in# ani&als9 s%c! as birds9 need to do. Toda,9 all "ast8breat!in# ani&als are ar&8blooded. $inall,9 "ossils reveal t!at &an, dinosa%rs !ad a 'attern o" #ro t! t,'ical o" ar&8blooded ani&als. T!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e 'roceeds b, .A/ atte&'tin# to +%sti", one 'osition b, de&onstratin# t!at an o''osin# 'osition is based on erroneo%s in"or&ation .1/ establis!in# a #eneral 'rinci'le t!at it t!en %ses to dra a concl%sion abo%t a 'artic%lar case .C/ dis&issin# a clai& &ade abo%t t!e 'resent on t!e basis o" !istorical evidence .3/ ass%&in# t!at i" all &e&bers o" a cate#or, !ave a certain 'ro'ert, t!en all t!in#s it! t!at 'ro'ert, belon# to t!e cate#or, .E/ 'resentin# evidence t!at a 'ast '!eno&enon is &ore si&ilar to one rat!er t!an t!e ot!er o" t o 'resent8da, '!eno&ena 15. F%rebred do#s are 'rone to #eneticall, deter&ined abnor&alities. Alt!o%#! s%c! abnor&alities o"ten can be corrected b, s%r#er,9 t!e cost can reac! several t!o%sand dollars. Since non'%rebred do#s rarel, s%""er "ro& #eneticall, deter&ined abnor&alities9 'otential do# o ners !o ant to red%ce t!e risk o" inc%rrin# costl, &edical bills "or t!eir 'ets o%ld be ell advised to c!oose non'%rebred do#s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Most #eneticall, deter&ined abnor&alities in do#s do not serio%sl, a""ect a do#s #eneral ell8bein#. .1/ All do#s9 !et!er '%rebred or non'%rebred9 are s%b+ect to t!e sa&e co&&on http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1I

non#eneticall, deter&ined diseases. .C/ F%rebred do#s tend to !ave s!orter nat%ral li"e s'ans t!an do non'%rebred do#s. .3/ T!e '%rc!ase 'rice o" non'%rebred do#s tends to be lo er t!an t!e '%rc!ase 'rice o" '%rebred do#s. .E/ A do# t!at does not !ave #eneticall, deter&ined abnor&alities &a, nevert!eless !ave o""s'rin# it! s%c! abnor&alities. 1<. Criticis& t!at t!e 'ress 'anders to '%blic senti&ent ne#lects to consider t!at t!e 'ress is a 'ro"it8&akin# instit%tion. Like ot!er 'rivate enter'rises9 it !as to &ake &one, to s%rvive. I" 'ress ere not 'ro"it8&akin#9 !o o%ld s%''ort it- T!e onl, alternative is s%bsid, and9 it! it9 o%tside control. It is eas, to #et s%bsidies "or 'ro'a#anda9 b%t no one ill s%bsidi)e !onest +o%rnalis&. It can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e t!at i" t!e 'ress is .A/ not s%bsidi)ed9 it is in no dan#er o" o%tside control .1/ not s%bsidi)ed9 it ill not 'rod%ce 'ro'a#anda .C/ not to be s%bsidi)ed9 it cannot be a 'ro"it8&akin# instit%tion .3/ to 'rod%ce !onest +o%rnalis&9 it &%st be 'ro"it8&akin# instit%tion .E/ to &ake a 'ro"it9 it &%st 'rod%ce !onest +o%rnalis& Questions 14-15 L%cien: F%blic8!o%sin# advocates clai& t!at t!e &an, !o&eless 'eo'le in t!is cit, are 'roo" t!at t!ere is ins%""icient !o%sin# available to t!e& and t!ere"ore t!at &ore lo 8 inco&e a'art&ents are needed. 1%t t!at concl%sion is abs%rd. Man, a'art&ents in &, o n b%ildin# re&ain %nrented and &, 'ro"essional collea#%es re'ort si&ilar vacancies !ere t!e, live. Since a'art&ents clearl, are available9 !o&elessness is not a !o%sin# 'roble&. :o&elessness can9 t!ere"ore9 onl, be ca%sed b, 'eo'les inabilit, or %n illin#ness to ork to 'a, t!e rent. Maria: 7n t!e contrar,9 all recent st%dies s!o t!at a si#ni"icant 'ercenta#e o" t!is cit,s !o&eless 'eo'le !old re#%lar +obs. T!ese are 'eo'le !o lack neit!er ill nor abilit,. 1C. L%ciens ar#%&ent a#ainst t!e '%blic8!o%sin# advocates 'osition is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It o""ers no +%sti"ication "or dis&issin# as abs%rd t!e !o%sin# advocates clai& t!at t!ere are &an, !o&eless 'eo'le in t!e cit,. .1/ It treats in"or&ation ac0%ired t!ro%#! in"or&al conversations as t!o%#! it 'rovided evidence as stron# as in"or&ation ac0%ired on t!e basis o" controlled scienti"ic st%dies. .C/ It res'onds to a clai& in !ic! >available? is %sed in t!e sense o" >a""ordable? b, %sin# >available? in t!e sense o" >not occ%'ied.?

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C11

.3/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at not all a'art&ent b%ildin#s !ave vacant a'art&ents "or rent. .E/ It "ails to address t!e iss%e9 raised b, t!e '%blic8!o%sin# advocates ar#ent9 o" !o o%ld 'a, "or t!e constr%ction o" &ore lo 8inco&e !o%sin#. 1@. Maria res'onds to L%ciens ar#%&ent b, .A/ c!allen#in# t!e acc%rac, o" t!e 'ersonal e('eriences !e o""ers in s%''ort o" !is 'osition .1/ s!o in# t!at a 'res%''osition o" !is ar#%&ent is "alse .C/ 'resentin# evidence t!at calls into 0%estion !is &otives "or ado'tin# t!e vie !e !olds .3/ de&onstratin# t!at t!e evidence !e o""ers s%''orts a concl%sion ot!er t!an t!e concl%sion !e dra s "ro& it .E/ o""erin# an alternative e('lanation "or t!e "acts !e cites as evidence s%''ortin# !is concl%sion 1G. So&e 'eo'le take t!eir &oral c%es "ro& #overn&ental codes o" la D "or t!e&9 it is inconceivable t!at so&et!in# t!at is le#all, 'er&issible co%ld be i&&oral. T!ose !ose vie is described above !old inconsistent belie"s i" t!e, also believe t!at .A/ la does not cover all circ%&stances in !ic! one 'erson &orall, ron#s anot!er .1/ a le#all, i&'er&issible action is never &orall, e(c%sable .C/ #overn&ental o""icials so&eti&es be!ave ille#all, .3/ t!e &oral consens%s o" a societ, is e('ressed in its la s .E/ so&e #overn&ental re#%lations are so detailed t!at t!e, are b%rdenso&e to t!e econo&, 1A. Certain instr%&ents %sed in veterinar, s%r#er, can be &ade eit!er o" stainless steel or o" n,lon. In a st%d, o" s%c! instr%&ents9 1I co&'lete sterili)ations o" a set o" n,lon instr%&ents re0%ired <.C ti&es t!e a&o%nt o" ener#, %sed to &an%"act%re t!at set o" instr%&ents9 !ereas @I co&'lete sterili)ations o" a set o" stainless steel instr%&ents re0%ired 5.1 ti&es t!e a&o%nt o" ener#, re0%ired to &an%"act%re t!at set o" instr%&ents. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# co%ld be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ T!e @I co&'lete sterili)ations o" n,lon instr%&ents %sed &ore ener#, t!an did t!e @I co&'lete sterili)ations o" t!e stainless steel instr%&ents. .1/ More ener#, as re0%ired "or eac! co&'lete sterili)ation o" t!e n,lon instr%&ents t!an as re0%ired to &an%"act%re t!e n,lon instr%&ents. .C/ More n,lon instr%&ents t!an stainless steel instr%&ents ere sterili)ed in t!e st%d,. .3/ More ener#, as %sed to 'rod%ce t!e stainless steel instr%&ents t!an as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C15

%sed to 'rod%ce t!e n,lon instr%&ents. .E/ T!e total cost o" @I co&'lete sterili)ations o" t!e stainless steel instr%&ents as #reater t!an t!e cost o" &an%"act%rin# t!e stainless steel instr%&ents. 1B. A local #ro%' !ad 'lanned a 'arade "or to&orro 9 b%t cit, !all !as not ,et acted on its a''lication "or a 'er&it. T!e #ro%' !ad a''lied "or t!e 'er&it ell in advance9 !ad &ade s%re t!eir a''lication satis"ied all t!e re0%ire&ents9 and as clearl, entitled to a 'er&it. Alt!o%#! t!e la 'ro!ibits 'arades it!o%t a 'er&it9 t!e #ro%' 'lans to 'roceed it! its 'arade. T!e #ro%'s leader de"ended its decision b, a''ealin# to t!e 'rinci'le t!at citi)ens need not re"rain "ro& actions t!at "ail to co&'l, it! t!e la i" t!e, !ave &ade a #ood8"ait! e""ort to co&'l, b%t are 'revented "ro& doin# so b, #overn&ent inaction. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# actions o%ld be +%sti"ied b, t!e 'rinci'le to !ic! t!e leader o" t!e #ro%' a''ealed in de"endin# t!e decision to 'roceed.A/ A c!e&ical8'rocessin# co&'an, co&&issioned an environ&ental i&'act re'ort on its 'lant. T!e re'ort described "o%l odors e&anatin# "ro& t!e 'lant b%t "o%nd no !a)ardo%s astes bein# 'rod%ced. Conse0%entl,9 t!e 'lant did not alter its 'rocessin# 'ractices. .1/ A cit, resident a''lied "or re)onin# o" !er 'ro'ert, so t!at s!e o%ld b%ild a bo lin# alle, in a residential co&&%nit,. S!e based !er a''lication on t!e need "or recreational "acilities in t!e co&&%nit,. :er a''lication as t%rned do n b, t!e )onin# board9 so s!e decided to "or#o constr%ction. .C/ T!e la re0%ires t!at no car be o'erated it!o%t a certain a&o%nt o" ins%rance covera#e. 1%t since t!e a%t!orities !ave been %nable to desi#n an e""ective 'roced%re "or 'rosec%tin# o ners o" cars t!at are driven it!o%t ins%rance9 &an, car o ners are allo in# t!eir ins%rance to la'se. .3/ a real8estate develo'er obtained a 'er&it to de&olis! a !istoric a'art&ent b%ildin# t!at !ad not ,et been declared a #overn&entall, 'rotected !istoric land&ark. 3es'ite t!e 'rotests o" citi)ens #ro%'s9 t!e develo'er t!en de&olis!ed t!e b%ildin#. .E/ A '!,sician !o !ad been trained in one co%ntr, a''lied "or a license to 'ractice &edicine in anot!er co%ntr,. Alt!o%#! !e kne !e &et all t!e 0%ali"ications "or t!is license9 !e !ad not ,et received it one ,ear a"ter !e a''lied "or it. :e be#an to 'ractice &edicine it!o%t t!e license in t!e second co%ntr, des'ite t!e la s re0%ire&ent "or a license. Questions 19-!0 A %niversit, s!o%ld not be entitled to 'atent t!e inventions o" its "ac%lt, &e&bers. =niversities9 as #%arantors o" intellect%al "reedo&9 s!o%ld enco%ra#e t!e "ree "lo o" ideas and t!e #eneral disse&ination o" kno led#e. *et a %niversit, t!at retains t!e ri#!t to 'atent t!e inventions o" its "ac%lt, &e&bers !as a &otive to s%''ress in"or&ation abo%t a 'otentiall, val%able discover, %ntil t!e 'atent "or it !as been sec%red. Clearl,9 s%''ressin# in"or&ation concernin# s%c! discoveries is inco&'atible http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1<

it! t!e %niversit,s obli#ation to 'ro&ote t!e "ree "lo o" ideas. 1H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at t!e ar#%&ent &akes.A/ =niversities are t!e onl, instit%tions t!at !ave an obli#ation to #%arantee intellect%al "reedo&. .1/ Most inventions b, %niversit, "ac%lt, &e&bers o%ld be 'ro"itable i" 'atented. .C/ F%blication o" re'orts on researc! is t!e onl, 'ractical a, to disse&inate in"or&ation concernin# ne discoveries. .3/ =niversities t!at !ave a &otive to s%''ress in"or&ation concernin# discoveries b, t!eir "ac%lt, &e&bers ill occasionall, act on t!at &otive. .E/ I" t!e inventions o" a %niversit, "ac%lt, &e&ber are not 'atented b, t!at %niversit,9 t!en t!e, ill be 'atented b, t!e "ac%lt, &e&ber instead. 5I. T!e clai& t!at a %niversit, s!o%ld not be entitled to 'atent t!e inventions o" its "ac%lt, &e&bers 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It is t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent. .1/ It is a 'rinci'le "ro& !ic! t!e concl%sion is derived. .C/ It is an e('licit ass%&'tion. .3/ It is additional b%t nonessential in"or&ation in s%''ort o" one o" t!e 're&ises. .E/ It is a clai& t!at &%st be de&onstrated to be "alse in order to establis! t!e concl%sion. 51. En#lis! and t!e A%stronesian lan#%a#e Mbarbara& bot! %se t!e ord >do#? "or canines. T!ese t o lan#%a#es are %nrelated9 and since s'eakers o" t!e t o lan#%a#es onl, ca&e in contact it! one anot!er lon# a"ter t!e ord >do#? as "irst %sed in t!is a, in eit!er lan#%a#e9 neit!er lan#%a#e co%ld !ave borro ed t!e ord "ro& t!e ot!er. T!%s t!is case s!o s t!at so&eti&es !en lan#%a#es s!are ords t!at are si&ilar in so%nd and &eanin# t!e si&ilarit, is d%e neit!er to lan#%a#e relatedness nor to borro in#. T!e ar#%&ent re0%ires t!at !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# be ass%&es.A/ En#lis! and Mbarbara& s!are no ords ot!er t!an >do#.? .1/ Several lan#%a#es besides En#lis! and Mbarbara& %se >do#? as t!e ord "or canines. .C/ =s%all, !en t o lan#%a#es s!are a ord9 t!ose lan#%a#es are related to eac! ot!er. .3/ T!ere is no t!ird lan#%a#e "ro& !ic! bot! En#lis! and Mbarbara& borro ed t!e ord >do#.? .E/ I" t o %nrelated lan#%a#es s!are a ord9 s'eakers o" t!ose t o lan#%a#es &%st !ave co&e in contact it! one anot!er at so&e ti&e.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1C

55. Folitician: $ro& t!e ti&e o%r 'art, took o""ice al&ost "o%r ,ears a#o t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le %ne&'lo,ed cit,8 ide increased b, less t!an 5I 'ercent. T!e o''osition 'art, controlled cit, #overn&ent d%rin# t!e "o%r 'recedin# ,ears9 and t!e n%&ber o" %ne&'lo,ed cit, residents rose b, over 5I 'ercent. T!%s9 d%e to o%r leaders!i'9 "e er 'eo'le no "ind t!e&selves a&on# t!e ranks o" t!e %ne&'lo,ed9 !atever t!e o''osition &a, clai&. T!e reasonin# in t!e 'oliticians ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to t!e criticis& t!at .A/ t!e clai&s &ade b, t!e o''osition are si&'l, dis&issed it!o%t bein# s'eci"ied .1/ no evidence !as been o""ered to s!o t!at an, decline in %ne&'lo,&ent over t!e 'ast "o%r ,ears as %ni"or& t!ro%#!o%t all areas o" t!e cit, .C/ t!e iss%e o" !o &%c! %ne&'lo,&ent in t!e cit, is a""ected b, seasonal "l%ct%ations is i#nored .3/ t!e evidence cited in s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion act%all, 'rovides &ore s%''ort "or t!e denial o" t!e concl%sion .E/ t!e 'ossibilit, !as not been addressed t!at an, increase in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le e&'lo,ed is d%e to 'ro#ra&s s%''orted b, t!e o''osition 'art, 5<. A 'oor "ar&er as "ond o" tellin# !is c!ildren: >In t!is orld9 ,o% are eit!er ric! or 'oor9 and ,o% are eit!er !onest or dis!onest. All 'oor "ar&ers are !onest. T!ere"ore9 all ric! "ar&ers are dis!onest.? T!e "ar&ers concl%sion is 'ro'erl, dra n i" t!e ar#%&ent ass%&es t!at .A/ ever, !onest "ar&er is 'oor .1/ ever, !onest 'erson is a "ar&er .C/ ever,one !o is dis!onest is a ric! "ar&er .3/ ever,one !o is 'oor is !onest .E/ ever, 'oor 'erson is a "ar&er 5C. Jo%rnalist: Can ,o% #ive &e a s%&&ar, o" t!e novel ,o% are orkin# on2ovelist: 6ell9 I ass%&e t!at b, >s%&&ar,? ,o% &ean so&et!in# brie" and not a version o" t!e novel itsel". T!e reason I rite novels is t!at !at I ant to co&&%nicate can be co&&%nicated onl, in t!e "or& o" a novel. So I a& a"raid I cannot s%&&ari)e &, novel "or ,o% in a a, t!at o%ld tell ,o% !at I a& tr,in# to co&&%nicate it! t!is novel. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits a 'attern o" reasonin# t!at is &ost 'arallel to t!at %sed b, t!e novelist.A/ 7nl, i" a dra in# can be %sed as a #%ide b, t!e b%ilder can it be considered a bl%e'rint. T!is dra in# o" t!e 'ro'osed b%ildin# can be %sed as a #%ide b, t!e b%ilder9 so it can be considered a bl%e'rint. .1/ 7nl, a state&ent t!at does not div%l#e co&'an, secrets can be %sed as a 'ress release. T!is state&ent does not div%l#e co&'an, secrets9 b%t it is http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1@

%nin"or&ative and t!ere"ore cannot be %sed as a 'ress release. .C/ 6atc!in# a travelo# is not t!e sa&e as travelin#. 1%t a travelo# con"ers so&e o" t!e bene"its o" travel it!o%t t!e !ards!i's o" travel. So &an, 'eo'le +%st atc! travelo#s and do not %nder#o t!e !ards!i's o" travel. .3/ 7nl, a t!ree8di&ensional re'resentation o" a landsca'e can conve, t!e e('erience o" bein# in t!at landsca'e. A '!oto#ra'! taken it! a traditional ca&era is not t!ree8di&ensional. T!ere"ore a '!oto#ra'! taken it! a traditional ca&era can never conve, t!e e('erience o" bein# in a landsca'e. .E/ A ban0%et &en% "oretells t!e content o" a &eal9 b%t so&e 'eo'le collect &en%s in order to re&ind t!e&selves o" #reat &eals t!e, !ave eaten. T!%s a ban0%et &en% !as a "%nction not onl, be"ore9 b%t also a"ter9 a &eal !as been served. 5@. Medical researc! "indin#s are c%sto&aril, not &ade '%blic 'rior to t!eir '%blication in a &edical +o%rnal t!at !as !ad t!e& revie ed b, a 'anel o" e('erts in a 'rocess called 'eer revie . It is clai&ed t!at t!is 'ractice dela,s '%blic access to 'otentiall, bene"icial in"or&ation t!at9 in e(tre&e instances9 co%ld save lives. *et 're'%blication 'eer revie is t!e onl, a, to 'revent erroneo%s and t!ere"ore 'otentiall, !ar&"%l in"or&ation "ro& reac!in# a '%blic t!at is ill e0%i''ed to eval%ate &edical clai&s on its o n. T!ere"ore9 aitin# %ntil a &edical +o%rnal !as '%blis!ed t!e researc! "indin#s t!at !ave 'assed 'eer revie is t!e 'rice t!at &%st be 'aid to 'rotect t!e '%blic "ro& &akin# decisions based on 'ossibl, s%bstandard researc!. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es t!at .A/ %nless &edical researc! "indin#s are bro%#!t to 'eer revie b, a &edical +o%rnal9 'eer revie ill not occ%r .1/ an,one !o does not serve on &edical revie 'anel does not !ave t!e necessar, kno led#e and e('ertise to eval%ate &edical researc! "indin# .C/ t!e #eneral '%blic does not !ave access to t!e &edical +o%rnals in !ic! researc! "indin#s are '%blis!ed .3/ all &edical researc! "indin#s are s%b+ected to 're'%blication 'eer revie .E/ 'eer revie 'anels are so&eti&es s%b+ect to 'olitical and 'ro"essional 'ress%res t!at can &ake t!eir +%d#&ents less t!an i&'artial SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Feo'le !o acc%se t!e 'ostal service o" inco&'etence and ine""icienc, !ile co&'lainin# o" t!e 'ro'osed "ive8cent increase in 'ostal rates do not kno a bar#ain !en t!e, see one. $e e('eriences are &ore en+o,able t!an readin# a 'ersonal letter "ro& a "riend. 4ie ed in t!is a,9 'ostal service is so %nder'riced http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1G

t!at a "ive8cent increase is %n ort!, o" serio%s debate. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ s%##ests t!at t!e 'ostal service is bot! co&'etent and e""icient9 b%t does not establis! !o co&'etence and e""icienc, s!o%ld be &eas%red .1/ clai&s t!at t!e 'ro'osed increase is insi#ni"icant b%t does not sa, at !at level t!e increase o%ld be ort!, o" serio%s debate .C/ con"%ses t!e val%e o" t!e ob+ect delivered it! t!e val%e o" deliverin# t!at ob+ect .3/ a''eals to an o%tside a%t!orit, "or s%''ort o" a 're&ise t!at s!o%ld be establis!ed b, ar#%&ent .E/ "ails to establis! !et!er or not t!e critics o" t!e 'ostal service are e&'lo,ees o" t!e 'ostal service 5. 6!en a st%d, o" as'irins abilit, to 'revent !eart attacks in !%&ans ,ielded 'ositive res%lts9 researc!ers i&&ediatel, s%b&itted t!ose res%lts to a &edical +o%rnal9 !ic! '%blis!ed t!e& si( eeks later. :ad t!e res%lts been '%blis!ed sooner9 &an, o" t!e !eart attacks t!at occ%rred d%rin# t!e dela, co%ld !ave been 'revented. T!e concl%sion dra n above o%ld be &ost %nder&ined i" it ere tr%e t!at .A/ t!e &edical +o%rnals sta"" orked overti&e in order to '%blis! t!e st%d,s res%lts as soon as 'ossible .1/ st%dies o" as'irins %se"%lness in red%cin# !eart attacks in laborator, ani&als re&ain inconcl%sive .C/ 'eo'le !o take as'irin re#%larl, s%""er a !i#!er8t!an8avera#e incidence o" sto&ac! %lcers .3/ t!e &edical +o%rnals o""icial 'olic, is to '%blis! articles onl, a"ter an e(tensive revie 'rocess .E/ a 'ersons risk o" s%""erin# a !eart attack dro's onl, a"ter t!at 'erson !as taken as'irin re#%larl, "or t o ,ears <. It &i#!t see& t!at an airline co%ld increase 'ro"its b, red%cin# air"ares on all its "li#!ts in order to enco%ra#e discretionar, travel and t!%s "ill 'lanes. 7""ers o" across8t!e8board disco%nt "ares !ave9 indeed9 res%lted in t!e sale o" lar#e n%&bers o" red%ced8'rice tickets. 2evert!eless s%c! o""ers !ave9 in t!e 'ast9 act%all, c%t t!e airlines 'ro"its. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, described above.A/ $e er t!an 1I 'ercent o" all air travelers &ake no atte&'t to seek o%t disco%nt "ares. .1/ $ares "or tri's bet een a lar#e cit, and a s&all cit, are !i#!er t!an t!ose "or tri's bet een t o lar#e cities even !en t!e distances involved are t!e sa&e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1A

.C/ Across8t!e8board disco%nts in "ares tend to decrease reven%es on "li#!ts t!at are nor&all, "illed9 b%t t!e, "ail to attract 'assen#ers to %n'o'%lar "li#!ts. .3/ 7nl, a s&all n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o !ave never be"ore traveled b, air are 'ers%aded to do so on t!e basis o" across8t!e8board disco%nt "ares. .E/ It is di""ic%lt to devise an advertisin# ca&'ai#n t!at &akes t!e '%blic a are o" across8t!e8board disco%nt "ares !ile "%ll, e('lainin# t!e restrictions a''lied to t!ose disco%nt "ares. C. 7nl, i" t!e electorate is &oral and intelli#ent ill a de&ocrac, "%nction ell. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be lo#icall, in"erred "ro& t!e clai& above.A/ I" t!e electorate is &oral and intelli#ent9 t!en a de&ocrac, ill "%nction ell. .1/ Eit!er a de&ocrac, does not "%nction ell or else t!e electorate is not &oral or not intelli#ent. .C/ I" t!e electorate is not &oral or not intelli#ent9 t!en a de&ocrac, ill not "%nction ell. .3/ I" a de&ocrac, does not "%nction ell9 t!en t!e electorate is not &oral or not intelli#ent. .E/ It cannot9 at t!e sa&e ti&e9 be tr%e t!at t!e electorate is &oral and intelli#ent and t!at a de&ocrac, ill not "%nction ell. @. In"ants ,o%n#er t!an si( &ont!s !o !ave nor&al !earin# can readil, distin#%is! bet een aco%sticall, si&ilar so%nds t!at are %sed as 'art o" an, lan#%a#eKnot onl, t!ose %sed in t!e lan#%a#e s'oken b, t!e 'eo'le !o raise t!e&. *o%n# ad%lts can readil, distin#%is! bet een s%c! so%nds onl, in lan#%a#es t!at t!e, re#%larl, %se. It is kno n t!at t!e '!,siolo#ical ca'acit, to !ear be#ins to deteriorate a"ter in"anc,. So t!e observed di""erence in t!e abilities o" in"ants and ,o%n# ad%lt to distin#%is! bet een aco%sticall, si&ilar s'eec! so%nds &%st be t!e res%lt o" t!e '!,siolo#ical deterioration o" !earin#. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ sets an arbitrar, c%to"" 'oint o" si( &ont!s "or t!e a#e belo are able to distin#%is! aco%sticall, si&ilar s'eec! so%nds !ic! in"ants

.1/ does not e('lain t!e 'roced%res %sed to &eas%re t!e abilities o" t o ver, di""erent 'o'%lations .C/ i#nores t!e "act t!at certain t,'es o" s'eec! so%nds occ%r in al&ost all lan#%a#es .3/ ass%&es t!at !at is tr%e o" a #ro%' o" 'eo'le taken collectivel, is also tr%e o" an, individ%al it! t!at #ro%' .E/ takes a "actor t!at &i#!t contrib%te to an e('lanation o" t!e observed di""erence as a s%""icient e('lanation "or t!at di""erence G. T!e econo&ies o" so&e ind%striali)ed co%ntries "ace t!e 'ros'ect o" lar#e labor s!orta#es in t!e decades a!ead. Mean !ile9 t!ese co%ntries ill !ave a vast http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1B

n%&ber o" e('erienced and 'rod%ctive older orkers !o9 as t!in#s stand9 ill be driven "ro& t!e ork "orce %'on reac!in# t!e a#e o" si(t,8"ive b, t!e ides'read 'ractice o" re0%irin# orkers to retire at t!at a#e. T!ere"ore9 i" t!e discri&inator, 'ractice o" &andator, retire&ent at a#e si(t,8"ive ere eli&inated9 t!e labor s!orta#es "acin# t!ese econo&ies o%ld be averted. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es t!at .A/ older orkers !ave ac0%ired skills t!at are e(tre&el, val%able and t!at t!eir ,o%n#er collea#%es lack .1/ orkers in ind%striali)ed co%ntries are o"ten %n're'ared to "ace t!e econo&ic conse0%ences o" en"orced idleness .C/ a lar#e n%&ber o" orkers in so&e ind%striali)ed co%ntries o%ld contin%e orkin# be,ond t!e a#e o" si(t,8"ive i" orkers in t!ose co%ntries ere allo ed to do so .3/ &andator, retire&ent at a#e si(t,8"ive as "irst instit%ted !en li"e e('ectanc, as considerable lo er t!an it is toda, .E/ a s%bstantial 'ro'ortion o" t!e 'o'%lation o" o""iciall, retired orkers is act%all, en#a#ed in #ain"%l e&'lo,&ent A. T!e incidence in Ja'an o" &ost t,'es o" cancer is re&arkable lo co&'ared to it! in 2ort! A&erica9 es'eciall, considerin# t!at Ja'an !as a &odern li"e8st,le9 ind%strial 'oll%tion incl%ded. T!e cancer rates9 !o ever9 "or Ja'anese 'eo'le !o i&&i#rate to 2ort! A&erica and ado't t!e diet o" 2ort! A&ericans a''ro(i&ate t!e !i#!er cancer rates 'revalent in 2ort! A&erica. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!e, 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e #reater t!e level o" ind%strial 'oll%tion in a co%ntr,9 t!e !i#!er t!at co%ntr,s cancer rate ill tend to be. .1/ T!e stress o" li"e in 2ort! A&erica is #reater t!an t!at o" li"e in Ja'an and 'redis'oses to cancer. .C/ T!e sta'le "oods o" t!e Ja'anese diet contain ele&ents t!at c%re cancer. .3/ T!e relativel, lo rate o" cancer a&on# 'eo'le in Ja'an does not res%lt "ro& a !i#! "re0%enc, o" a 'rotective #enetic trait a&on# Ja'anese 'eo'le. .E/ T!e !i#!er cancer rates o" Ja'anese i&&i#rants to 2ort! A&erica are ca%sed b, "ats in t!e 2ort! A&erican diet. B. A translation invariabl, re"lects t!e ritin# st,le o" t!e translator. So&eti&es !en a lon# doc%&ent needs to be translated 0%ickl,9 several translators are '%t to ork on t!e +ob9 eac! assi#ned to translate 'art o" t!e doc%&ent. In t!ese cases9 t!e res%lt is %s%all, a translation &arked b, di""erent and o"ten inco&'atible ritin# st,les. Certain co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s "or lan#%a#e translation t!at ork it!o%t t!e intervention o" !%&an translation can "inis! t!e +ob "aster t!an !%&an translators and 'rod%ce a st,listicall, %ni"or& translation it! an BI 'ercent http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C1H

acc%rac, rate. T!ere"ore9 !en a lon# doc%&ent needs to be translated 0%ickl,9 it is better to %se a co&'%ter translation 'ro#ra& t!an !%&an translators. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# iss%es o%ld be LEAST i&'ortant to resolve in eval%atin# t!e ar#%&ent.A/ !et!er t!e 'roble& o" st,listic variet, in !%&an translation co%ld be solved b, #ivin# st,listic #%idelines to !%&an translators .1/ !et!er n%&erical co&'arisons o" t!e acc%rac, o" translations can reasonabl, be &ade .C/ !et!er co&'%ter translation 'ro#ra&s9 like !%&an translators9 eac! !ave t!eir o n distinct ritin# st,le .3/ !et!er t!e co&'%ter translation contains errors o" #ra&&ar and %sa#e t!at drasticall, alter t!e &eanin# o" t!e te(t .E/ !o t!e acc%rac, rate o" co&'%ter translation 'ro#ra&s co&'ares it! t!at o" !%&an translators in relation to t!e %sers needs Questions 9-10 M,rna: Feo'le s!o%ld "ollo diets in !ic! "at re'resents no &ore t!an <I 'ercent o" total calories9 not t!e <A 'ercent t!e avera#e diet in t!is co%ntr, contains. Roland: I" ever,one in t!e co%ntr, "ollo ed ,o% reco&&endation d%rin# !is or !er entire li"e9 +%st I.5 'ercent o%ld len#t!en t!eir live at all9 and t!en onl, b, an avera#e o" < &ont!s. Modi",in# o%r diet is not ort! !ile. A li"eti&e o" sacri"ice s'ent eatin# an %na''ealin# lo 8"at diet is too !i#! a 'rice to 'a, "or t!e c!ance o" e(tendin# t!at sacri"ice "or < &ont!s. M,rna: 1%t "or ever,one !o dies earl, "ro& a !i#!8"at diet9 &an, &ore 'eo'le s%""er "ro& serio%s c!ronic diseases beca%se t!e, "ollo ed s%c! diets. H. M,rna res'onds to Roland b, .A/ dis'%tin# t!e correctness o" t!e "acts cited b, Roland and o""erin# "acts t!at s!e considers correct .1/ s!o in# t!at t!e "actors considered b, Roland are not t!e onl, ones relevant in eval%atin# !er reco&&endation .C/ de&onstratin# t!at t!e statistics %sed b, Roland to dis'%te !er reco&&endation are inacc%rate .3/ s%##estin# t!at Rolands evidence derives "ro& %nreliable so%rces .E/ 'ointin# o%t t!at Rolands ar#%&ent ass%&es t!e ver, 'ro'osition it sets o%t to 'rove 1I. Rolands ar#%&ent ass%&es t!at .A/ it is desirable to live in s%c! a a, as to len#t! li"e as &%c! as 'ossible .1/ a lo 8"at diet cannot readil, be &ade a''ealin# and satis",in# to a 'erson !o "ollo s it re#%larl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C5I

.C/ diet is t!e onl, relevant "actor to consider in co&'%tin# in"l%ences on len#t! o" li"e .3/ t!e di""erence in tastiness bet een a diet in !ic! "at re'resents <I 'ercent o" total calories and one in !ic! it re'resents <A 'ercent is not noticeable .E/ not ever,one in t!e co%ntr, eats t!e avera#e diet 11. So&e critics clai& t!at it is %n"air t!at so &an, #reat orks o" art are !o%sed in !%#e &etro'olitan &%se%&s9 since t!e 'o'%lations served b, t!ese &%se%&s alread, !ave access to a ide variet, o" i&'ortant art ork. 1%t t!is criticis& is in 'rinci'le %n arranted beca%se t!e li&ited n%&ber o" &aster'ieces &akes ider distrib%tion o" t!e& i&'ractical. 1esides9 i" a &aster'iece is to be "%ll, a''reciated9 it &%st be seen alon#side ot!er orks t!at 'rovide a social and !istorical conte(t "or it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" establis!ed9 co%ld &ost lo#icall, serve as t!e 'rinci'le a''ealed to in t!e ar#%&ent co%nterin# t!e critics clai&.A/ In 'rovidin# "acilities to t!e '%blic9 t!e #oal s!o%ld be to ens%re t!at as &an, as 'ossible o" t!ose 'eo'le !o co%ld bene"it "ro& t!e "acilities are able to do so. .1/ In 'rovidin# "acilities to t!e '%blic9 t!e #oal s!o%ld be to ens%re t!at t!e #reatest 'ossible n%&ber o" 'eo'le #ain t!e #reatest bene"it 'ossible "ro& t!e&. .C/ It is %nreasonable to en"orce a redistrib%tion o" social #oods t!at involves de'rivin# so&e &e&bers o" societ, o" t!ese #oods in order to s%''l, ot!ers. .3/ $or it to be reasonable to critici)e an arran#e&ent as %n"air9 t!ere &%st be a &ore e0%itable arran#e&ent t!at is 'racticall, attainable. .E/ A ork o" art s!o%ld be dis'la,ed in conditions rese&blin# as closel, as 'ossible t!ose in !ic! t!e ork as ori#inall, intended to be dis'la,ed. 15. So&e acco%ntants calc%late it! si&'le addin# &ac!ines9 and so&e %se co&'le( co&'%ters. 7ne can 'er"or& &ore calc%lations in less ti&e it! a co&'%ter t!an it! an addin# &ac!ine. T!ere"ore9 ass%&in# t!e costs o" %sin# t!e t o t,'es o" &ac!ines are e0%al9 an acco%ntant !o %ses a co&'%ter #enerall, can earn &ore 'er !o%r t!an an acco%ntant !o %ses an addin# &ac!ine. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at o%ld &ake t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e a lo#ical one.A/ More acco%ntants %se co&'%ters t!an %se addin# &ac!ines. .1/ T!e &ore !o%rs an acco%ntant s'ends on t!e +ob9 t!e &ore &one, !e or s!e ill earn. .C/ T!e &ore calc%lations an acco%ntant 'er"or&s9 t!e &ore &one, !e or s!e ill earn. .3/ An acco%ntant !o %ses an addin# &ac!ine can c!ar#e a !i#!er !o%rl, rate t!an one !o %ses a co&'%ter. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C51

.E/ In #eneral9 acco%ntants var, in ter&s o" t!e n%&ber o" calc%lations t!e, &ake and t!e a&o%nt o" &one, t!e, earn. 1<. T!is s%&&er9 Jenni"er9 !o !as orked at M4Q Man%"act%rin# "or +%st over t!ree ,ears9 'lans to s'end it! !er "a&il, t!e entire "o%r eeks o" 'aid vacation to !ic! s!e is entitled t!is ,ear. An,one !o !as orked at M4Q Man%"act%rin# "or bet een one and "o%r ,ears is a%to&aticall, entitled to e(actl, t!ree eeks 'aid vacation eac! ,ear b%t can a''l, %' to !al" o" an, vacation ti&e t!at re&ains %n%sed at t!e end o" one ,ear to t!e ne(t ,ears vacation. I" t!e state&ents above are all tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ Jenni"er did not %se t o eeks o" t!e 'aid vacation ti&e to !ic! s!e as entitled 'ast ,ear. .1/ I" Jenni"er contin%es to ork "or M4Q Man%"act%rin#9 s!e ill onl, be entitled to t!ree eeks 'aid vacation ne(t ,ear. .C/ T!e &a+orit, o" M4Qs e&'lo,ees %se eac! ,ear all o" t!e 'aid vacation ti&e to !ic! t!e, are entitled. .3/ Last ,ear Jenni"er took onl, one eek o" t!e 'aid vacation ti&e to !ic! s!e as entitled. .E/ M4Q Man%"act%rin# so&eti&es allo s e(tra vacation ti&e to e&'lo,ees !o need to s'end &ore ti&e it! t!eir "a&ilies. 1C. A care"%l revie o" !os'ital "atalities d%e to anest!esia d%rin# t!e last 5I ,ears indicates t!at t!e &ost si#ni"icant sa"et, i&'rove&ents res%lted "ro& better trainin# o" anest!etists. E0%i'&ent t!at &onitors a 'atients o(,#en and carbon dio(ide levels as not available in &ost o'eratin# roo&s d%rin# t!e 'eriod %nder revie . T!ere"ore9 t!e increased %se o" s%c! &onitorin# e0%i'&ent in o'eratin# roo&s ill not si#ni"icantl, c%t "atalities d%e to anest!esia. A "la in t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ t!e evidence cited to s!o t!at one "actor led to a certain res%lt is not s%""icient to s!o t!at a second "actor ill not also lead to t!at res%lt .1/ t!e reasons #iven in s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion 'res%''ose t!e tr%t! o" t!at concl%sion .C/ t!e evidence cited to s!o t!at a certain "actor as absent !en a certain res%lt occ%rred does not s!o t!at t!e absence o" t!at "actor ca%sed t!at res%lt .3/ t!e evidence cited in s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion is inconsistent it! ot!er in"or&ation t!at is 'rovided .E/ t!e reason indicated "or t!e clai& t!at one event ca%sed a second &ore stron#l, s%''orts t!e clai& t!at bot! events ere inde'endent e""ects o" a t!ird event 1@. 2e t,'es o" as!in# &ac!ines desi#ned to cons%&e less ener#, also e(tract less http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C55

ater "ro& la%ndr, d%rin# t!eir "inal s'in c,cles t!an do as!in# &ac!ines t!at cons%&e so&e !at &ore ener#,. T!e etter t!e la%ndr,9 t!e &ore ener#, re0%ired to dr, it in an a%to&atic dr,er. T!%s %sin# t!ese ne t,'es o" as!in# &ac!ines co%ld res%lt in an overall increase in t!e ener#, needed to as! and dr, a load o" la%ndr,. In !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e 'attern o" reasonin# &ost 'arallel to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e &ore skill re0%ired to o'erate a &ac!ine9 t!e !arder it is to "ind 'eo'le able to do it9 and t!%s t!e &ore t!ose 'eo'le &%st be 'aid. T!ere"ore9 i" a "actor, installs &ac!ines t!at re0%ire !i#!l, skilled o'erators9 it &%st be 're'ared to 'a, !i#!er a#es. .1/ T!ere are t o ro%tes bet een Centerville and Ma'leto n9 and t!e scenic ro%te is t!e lon#er ro%te. T!ere"ore9 a 'erson !o is not concerned it! !o lon# it ill take to travel bet een Centerville and Ma'leto n ill 'robabl, take t!e scenic ro%te. .C/ T!e &ore 'eo'le !o ork in t!e librar,s readin# roo&9 t!e noisier t!e roo& beco&esD and t!e noisier t!e orkin# environ&ent9 t!e less e""icientl, 'eo'le ork. T!ere"ore9 !en &an, 'eo'le are orkin# in t!e readin# roo&9 t!ose 'eo'le are orkin# less e""icientl,. .3/ Fine is a less e('ensive ood t!an cedar b%t is &ore s%sce'tible to rot. 7%tdoor "%rnit%re &ade "ro& ood s%sce'tible to rot &%st be 'ainter it! &ore e('ensive 'aint. T!ere"ore9 b%ildin# o%tdoor "%rnit%re "ro& 'ine rat!er t!an cedar co%ld increase t!e total cost o" b%ildin# and 'aintin# t!e "%rnit%re. .E/ T!e &ore ei#!ts added to an e(ercise &ac!ine9 t!e #reater t!e &%scle stren#t! needed to ork o%t on t!e &ac!ine. =' to a 'oint9 %sin# &ore &%scle stren#t! can &ake a 'erson stron#er. T!%s an e(ercise &ac!ine it! &ore ei#!ts can9 b%t does not necessaril,9 &ake a 'erson stron#er. Questions 1&-1' G: T!e #ro%' o" orks e(!ibited in t!is ,ears Metro'olitan Art S!o reveals a bias in "avor o" '!oto#ra'!ers. E0%al n%&bers o" '!oto#ra'!ers9 sc%l'tors9 and 'ainters s%b&itted orks t!at &et t!e traditional criteria "or t!e s!o 9 ,et &ore '!oto#ra'!s ere e(!ibited t!an eit!er sc%l't%res or 'aintin#s. As ,o% kno 9 eac! artist as allo ed to s%b&it ork in one &edi%& onl,. :: :o co%ld t!ere !ave been bias- All s%b&itted orks t!at &et t!e traditional criteriaKand onl, t!ose orksK ere e(!ibited in t!e s!o . 1G. I" bot! Gs assertions and :s assertion are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ More '!oto#ra'!ers t!an sc%l'tors or 'ainters s%b&itted orks to be considered "or e(!ibition in t!e Metro'olitan Art S!o . http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C5<

.1/ All t!e orks s%b&itted "or t!e Metro'olitan Art S!o &et t!e traditional criteria "or t!e s!o . .C/ T!e 0%alit, o" '!oto#ra'!s e(!ibited in t!e &etro'olitan Art S!o in"erior to t!e 0%alit, o" t!e sc%l't%res or 'aintin#s e(!ibited. as

.3/ So&e o" t!e '!oto#ra'!s s%b&itted "or t!e Metro'olitan Art S!o did not &eet t!e traditional criteria "or t!e s!o . .E/ More orks t!at &et t!e traditional criteria "or t!e Metro'olitan Art S!o ere s%b&itted b, '!oto#ra'!ers t!an b, sc%l'tors or 'ainters. 1A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts Gs alle#ation o" bias.A/ I" an artist !as !ad one o" !is or !er orks e(!ibited in t!e Metro'olitan Art S!o 9 t!at artist !as an advanta#e in #ettin# co&&issions and sellin# orks over artists !o !ave never !ad a ork e(!ibited in t!e s!o . .1/ T!e "ee "or enterin# '!oto#ra'!s in t!e Metro'olitan Art S!o as L5@ 'er ork s%b&itted9 !ile t!e "ee "or eac! 'aintin# or sc%l't%re s%b&itted as LA@. .C/ T!e co&&ittee t!at selected "ro& t!e s%b&itted orks t!e ones to be e(!ibited in t!is ,ears Metro'olitan Art S!o !ad "o%r &e&bers: one '!oto#ra'!er9 on sc%l'tor9 one 'ainter9 and one !o orks in all t!ree &edia b%t is t!e least kno n o" t!e "o%r &e&bers. .3/ Revie s o" t!is ,ears Metro'olitan Art S!o t!at a''eared in &a+or ne s'a'ers and &a#a)ines tended to #ive &ore covera#e to t!e '!oto#ra'!s in t!e s!o t!an to t!e sc%l't%res and 'aintin#s t!at ere e(!ibited. .E/ In 'revio%s ,ears9 it !as o"ten !a''ened t!at &ore 'aintin#s or &ore sc%l't%res ere e(!ibited in t!e Metro'olitan Art S!o t!an '!oto#ra'!s9 even t!o%#! t!e total n%&ber o" orks e(!ibited eac! ,ear does not var, idel,. Questions 18-19 Marc%s: $or &ost et!ical dile&&as t!e +o%rnalist is likel, to "ace9 traditional +o%rnalistic et!ics is clear9 ade0%ate9 and essentiall, correct. $or e(a&'le9 !en +o%rnalists !ave %ncovered ne s ort!, in"or&ation9 t!e, s!o%ld #o to 'ress it! it as soon as 'ossible. 2o dela, &otivated b, t!e +o%rnalists 'ersonal or 'ro"essional interests is 'er&issible. Anita: 6ell9 Marc%s9 o" co%rse interestin# and i&'ortant in"or&ation s!o%ld be bro%#!t be"ore t!e '%blicKt!at is a +o%rnalists +ob. 1%t in t!e t,'ical case9 !ere a +o%rnalist !as so&e in"or&ation b%t is in a 0%andar, abo%t !et!er it is ,et i&'ortant or >ne s ort!,9? t!is #%idance is inade0%ate. 1B. T!e 'oint &ade b, Anitas state&ents is &ost acc%ratel, e('ressed b, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Marc%ss clai& t!at traditional +o%rnalistic et!ics is clear "or &ost et!ical http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C5C

dile&&as in +o%rnalis& is incorrect. .1/ A t,'ical case ill%strates t!at Marc%s is ron# in clai&in# t!at traditional +o%rnalistic et!ics is essentiall, correct "or &ost et!ical dile&&as in +o%rnalis&. .C/ T!e et!ical 'rinci'le t!at Marc%s cites does not !el' t!e +o%rnalist in a t,'ical kind o" sit%ation in !ic! a decision needs to be &ade. .3/ T!ere are co&&on sit%ations in !ic! a +o%rnalist &%st &ake a decision and in !ic! no 'rinci'le o" +o%rnalistic et!ics can be o" !el'. .E/ Traditional +o%rnalistic et!ics a&o%nts to no &ore t!an an %nnecessaril, convol%ted descri'tion o" t!e +o%rnalists +ob. 1H. In order to concl%de 'ro'erl, "ro& Anitas state&ents t!at Marc%s #eneral clai& abo%t traditional +o%rnalistic et!ics is incorrect9 it o%ld !ave to be ass%&ed t!at .A/ !et!er a 'iece o" in"or&ation is or is not ne s ort!, can raise et!ical dile&&as "or +o%rnalists .1/ t!ere are circ%&stances in !ic! it o%ld be et!icall, ron# "or a +o%rnalist to #o to 'ress it! le#iti&atel, ac0%ired9 ne s ort!, in"or&ation .C/ t!e &ost serio%s 'ro"essional dile&&as t!at a +o%rnalist is likel, to "ace are not et!ical dile&&as .3/ t!ere are no et!ical dile&&as t!at a +o%rnalist is likel, to "ace t!at o%ld not be concl%sivel, resolved b, an ade0%ate s,ste& o" +o%rnalistic et!ics .E/ $or a s,ste& o" +o%rnalistic et!ics to be ade0%ate it &%st be able to 'rovide #%idance in ever, case in !ic! a +o%rnalist &%st &ake a 'ro"essional decision Questions !0-!1 7" ever, 1II b%r#lar alar&s 'olice ans er9 HH are "alse alar&s. T!is sit%ation ca%ses an enor&o%s and dan#ero%s drain on increasin#l, scarce '%blic reso%rces. Eac! "alse alar& astes an avera#e o" C@ &in%tes o" 'olice ti&e. As a res%lt 'olice are consistentl, taken a a, "ro& res'ondin# to ot!er le#iti&ate calls "or service9 and a dis'ro'ortionate s!are o" 'olice service #oes to alar& s,ste& %sers9 !o are &ostl, b%sinesses and a""l%ent !o&eo ners. :o ever9 b%r#lar alar& s,ste&s9 %nlike car alar& s,ste&s9 are e""ective in deterrin# b%r#laries9 so t!e onl, acce'table sol%tion is to "ine b%r#lar alar& s,ste& o ners t!e cost o" C@ &in%tes o" 'olice ti&e "or eac! "alse alar& t!eir s,ste&s #enerate. 5I. T!e state&ent t!at b%r#lar alar& s,ste&s9 %nlike car alar& s,ste&s9 are e""ective in deterrin# b%r#laries 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It +%sti"ies 'lacin# &ore restrictions on o ners o" b%r#lar alar&s t!an on o ners o" car alar&s. .1/ It 'rovides back#ro%nd in"or&ation needed to &ake 'la%sible t!e clai& t!at t!e n%&ber o" b%r#lar alar&s 'olice are called on to ans er is #reat eno%#! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C5@

to be a drain on '%blic reso%rces. .C/ It 'rovides a basis "or e(cl%din# as %nacce'table one obvio%s alternative to t!e 'ro'osal o" "inin# o ners o" b%r#lar alar& s,ste&s "or "alse alar&s. .3/ It #ives a reason !, 'olice &i#!t be &ore inclined to res'ond to b%r#lar alar&s t!an to car alar&s. .E/ It e('lains !, a dis'ro'ortionate n%&ber o" t!e b%r#lar alar&s res'onded to b, 'olice co&e "ro& alar& s,ste&s o ned b, b%sinesses. 51. 7n t!e basis o" t!e 're&ises advanced9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld 'rovide t!e &ost +%sti"ication "or t!e concl%din# reco&&endation.A/ 2o se#&ent o" a co&&%nit, s!o%ld be 'er&itted to en#a#e in a 'ractice t!at !as been s!o n to res%lt in a dis'ro'ortionate s!are o" 'olice service bein# devoted to t!at se#&ent o" t!e co&&%nit,. .1/ 6!en '%blic reso%rces are in s!ort s%''l,9 an, individ%al !o ants s'ecial services "ro& '%blic a#encies s%c! as 'olice and "ire de'art&ents s!o%ld be re0%ired to 'a, "or t!ose services i" !e or s!e can a""ord to do so. .C/ Folice de'art&ents are not +%sti"ied in i&'rovin# service to one se#&ent o" t!e co&&%nit, at t!e e('ense o" ot!er se#&ents o" t!e co&&%nit, %nless doin# so red%ces t!e cri&e level t!ro%#!o%t t!e entire area served. .3/ An,one !o directl, bene"its "ro& a service 'rovided b, '%blic e&'lo,ees s!o%ld be re0%ired to rei&b%rse t!e #eneral '%blic "%nd an a&o%nt e0%ivalent to t!e avera#e cost 'rovidin# t!at service. .E/ I" recei't o" a service res%lts in t!e aste o" scarce '%blic reso%rces and 'eo'le it! ot!er le#iti&ate needs are disadvanta#ed in conse0%ence9 t!e reci'ient o" t!at service s!o%ld co&'ensate t!e '%blic "or t!e reso%rces asted. 55. 6!en b%tter"at as considered n%tritio%s and !ealt!"%l9 a la as enacted re0%irin# t!at &an%"act%rers %se t!e ter& >i&itation b%tter? to indicate b%tter !ose b%tter"at content !ad been di&inis!ed t!ro%#! t!e addition o" ater. Toda,9 it is kno n t!at t!e !i#! c!olesterol content o" b%tter"at &akes it !ar&"%l to !%&an !ealt!. Since t!e '%blic s!o%ld be enco%ra#ed to eat "oods it! lo er rat!er t!an !i#!er b%tter"at content and since t!e ter& >i&itation? it! its connotations o" "alsit, deters &an, 'eo'le "ro& '%rc!asin# 'rod%cts so desi#nated9 &an%"act%res !o is! to #ive red%ced8b%tter"at b%tter t!e &ore a''ealin# na&e o" >lite b%tter? s!o%ld be allo ed to do so. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e &an%"act%rers !o 're"er to %se t!e ord >lite? instead o" >i&itation? are &otivated 'rinci'all, b, t!e "inancial interest o" t!eir stock !olders. .1/ T!e &an%"act%rers !o is! to call t!eir 'rod%ct >lite b%tter? 'lan to c!an#e t!e co&'osition o" t!e 'rod%ct so t!at it contains &ore ater t!an it no http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C5G

does. .C/ So&e individ%als !o need to red%ce t!eir intake o" c!olesterol are not deterred "ro& %sin# t!e red%ced8b%tter"at 'rod%ct b, t!e ne#ative connotations o" t!e ter& >i&itation.? .3/ C!olesterol is onl, one o" &an, "actors t!at contrib%te to t!e t,'es o" !ealt! 'roble&s it! !ic! t!e cons%&'tion o" e(cessive a&o%nts o" c!olesterol is o"ten associated. .E/ Most 'eo'le deterred "ro& eatin# >i&itation b%tter? beca%se o" its na&e c!oose alternatives it! a lo er b%tter"at content t!an t!is 'rod%ct !as. 5<. $ar& ani&als !ave certain be!avioral tendencies t!at res%lt "ro& t!e evol%tionar, !istor, o" t!ese s'ecies. 1, i&'osin# on t!ese ani&als a t,'e o" or#ani)ation t!at con"licts it! t!eir be!avioral tendencies9 c%rrent "ar&8&ana#e&ent 'ractices ca%se t!e ani&als &ore 'ain and distress t!an do 'ractices t!at &ore closel, con"or& to t!e ani&als be!avioral tendencies. 1eca%se t!e ani&als tend to resist t!is t,'e o" or#ani)ation9 c%rrent 'ractices can also be less e""icient t!an t!ose ot!er "ar&8&ana#e&ent 'ractices. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e&.A/ So&e o" t!e be!avioral tendencies o" "ar& ani&als can be altered b, e""icient "ar&8&ana#e&ent 'ractices. .1/ In order to i&'le&ent e""icient "ar&8&ana#e&ent 'ractices9 it is necessar, to be "a&iliar it! t!e evol%tionar, !istor, o" "ar& ani&als. .C/ In order to create "ar&8&ana#e&ent 'ractices t!at ca%se less 'ain and distress to "ar& ani&als9 a si#ni"icant loss o" e""icienc, ill be re0%ired. .3/ $ar&8&ana#e&ent 'ractices t!at ca%se t!e least a&o%nt '" 'ain and distress to "ar& ani&als are also t!e &ost e""icient &ana#e&ent 'ractices. .E/ So&e c!an#es in "ar&8&ana#e&ent 'ractices t!at lessen t!e 'ain and distress e('erienced b, "ar& ani&als can res%lt in #ains in e""icienc,. 5C. It no see&s clear t!at t!e si#ni"icant role initiall, 'redicted "or 'ersonal co&'%ters in t!e classroo& !as not beco&e "act. 7ne need onl, look to t!e dra&atic decline in sales o" co&'%ters "or classroo& %se in t!e 'ast ,ear "or 'roo" t!at t!e "ad !as 'assed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents contains "la ed reasonin# 'arallel to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Clearl, #overn&ent le#islation &andatin# t!e red%ction o" a%to&obile e&issions !as been at least 'artiall, s%ccess"%l9 as is de&onstrated b, t!e "act t!at t!e air o" t!e 5I lar#est cities no contains s&aller a&o%nts o" t!e &a+or 'oll%tants &entioned in t!e le#islation t!an it did be"ore t!e le#islation as 'assed. .1/ Mec!anical translation "ro& one lan#%a#e into anot!er9 not &erel, in narro http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C5A

conte(ts s%c! as airline reservations b%t #enerall,9 is clearl, an idea !ose ti&e !as co&e. Since e('erts !ave been orkin# on t!e 'roble& "or CI ,ears9 it is no ti&e "or t!e acc%&%lated e('ertise to ac!ieve a breakt!ro%#!. .C/ Sales o" co&'%ters "or !o&e %se ill never reac! t!e levels o'ti&isticall, 'ro+ected b, &an%"act%rers. T!e reason is t!at !o&e %se as envisioned as enco&'assin# tasks9 s%c! as &en% 'lannin# and c!eckbook reconciliation9 t!at &ost !o&e&akers 'er"or& in &%c! si&'ler a,s t!an %sin# a co&'%ter o%ld re0%ire. .3/ It is a''arent t!at cons%&ers !ave tired o" &icro ave ovens as 0%ickl, as t!e, initiall, ca&e to acce't t!is recent invention. In contrast to several ,ears o" increasin# sales "ollo in# t!e introd%ction o" &icro ave ovens9 sales o" &icro ave ovens "lattened last ,ear9 indicatin# t!at cons%&ers !ave "o%nd relativel, little %se "or t!ese devices. .E/ Creatin# incentives "or a 'artic%lar kind o" invest&ent inevitabl, en#enders boo&8and8b%st c,cles. T!e evidence is in t!e recent decline in t!e val%e o" co&&ercial real estate9 !ic! s!o s t!at9 alt!o%#! t!e #overn&ent can enco%ra#e 'eo'le to '%t %' b%ildin#s9 it cannot #%arantee t!at t!ose b%ildin#s ill be "%ll, rented or sold. 5@. Scientists atte&'tin# to re'licate certain controversial res%lts re'orted b, a #ro%' o" e('erienced researc!ers "ailed to #et t!e sa&e res%lts as t!ose re'orted. T!e concl%sion dra n "ro& t!is b, t!e scientists !o cond%cted t!e re'lication e('eri&ents as t!at t!e ori#inall, re'orted res%lts !ad been d%e to "a%lt, &eas%re&ents. T!e ar#%&ent o" t!e scientists !o cond%cted t!e re'lication e('eri&ents ass%&es t!at .A/ t!e ori#inal e('eri&ents !ad not been described in s%""icient detail to &ake an e(act re'lication 'ossible .1/ t!e "act t!at ori#inall, re'orted res%lts aro%sed controvers, &ade it !i#!l, likel, t!at t!e, ere in error .C/ t!e t!eoretical 'rinci'les called into 0%estion b, t!e ori#inall, re'orted res%lts ere t!e&selves based on eak evidence .3/ t!e re'lication e('eri&ents ere not so likel, as t!e ori#inal e('eri&ents to be &arred b, "a%lt, &eas%re&ents .E/ t!e researc!ers !o ori#inall, re'orted t!e controversial res%lts !ad t!e&selves observed t!ose res%lts onl, once

TEST 11
SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 25 Questions http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

C5B

1.

Ed%cational television is a contradiction in ter&s. 6!ile a classroo& enco%ra#es social interaction9 television enco%ra#es solit%de. Sc!ool is centered on t!e develo'&ent o" lan#%a#e9 b%t television de'ends %'on constantl, c!an#in# vis%al i&a#es. And in a classroo&9 "%n is &erel, a &eans to an end9 b%t on television it is t!e end in itsel". ='on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions does t!e a%t!or rel, in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e classroo& s!o%ld not be a 'lace !ere an,one !as "%n. .1/ 7nl, e('eriences t!at closel, rese&ble !at takes 'lace in t!e sc!ool environ&ent can be ed%cational. .C/ Television 'ro#ra&s rein"orce so&e o" t!e val%es o" t!e sc!ool environ&ent. .3/ Ed%cational television 'ro#ra&s are better t!an &ost ot!er television 'ro#ra&s. .E/ T!e 'otential o" television as a 'o er"%l learnin# tool !as not ,et been reali)ed.

5.

S itc!in# to >lo 8,ield? ci#arettes9 t!ose t!at ,ield less nicotine9 tar9 and carbon &ono(ide t!an re#%lar ci#arettes !en tested on a standard &ac!ine9 does not9 in #eneral9 red%ce t!e incidence o" !eart attack. T!is res%lt is s%r'risin#9 since nicotine and carbon &ono(ide !ave been i&'licated as contrib%tin# to !eart disease. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc,.A/ S&okin# lo 8,ield ci#arettes !as beco&e "as!ionable9 as relativel, !ealt!ier st,les o" li"e !ave beco&e &ore 'o'%lar t!an t!ose t!at !ave been identi"ied as risk,. .1/ $or t!ose !o are t!e&selves s&okers9 in!alin# t!e s&oke o" ot!ers is not #enerall, a si#ni"icant "actor contrib%tin# to an increased risk o" !eart disease. .C/ 2icotine does not contrib%te as &%c! as to !eart disease as does carbon &ono(ide. .3/ Carbon &ono(ide and ci#arette tar are not addictive s%bstances. .E/ Feo'le !o s itc! "ro& !i#!8,ield to lo 8,ield ci#arettes o"ten co&'ensate b, increasin# t!e n%&ber and de't! o" '%""s in order to &aintain t!eir acc%sto&ed nicotine level.

Questions 3-4 Sall,: I cannot st%d, at a %niversit, !ere t!ere is an alco!ol 'roble&. So %nless so&et!in# is done abo%t t!e alco!ol 'roble& at t!is %niversit,9 Ill !ave to trans"er to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C5H

a %niversit, !ere t!ere are no "raternities. *olanda: I dont a#ree t!at "raternities are res'onsible "or t!e alco!ol 'roble& at t!is %niversit,. Alco!ol 'roble&s e(ist at all %niversities9 incl%din# t!ose !ere t!ere are no "raternities. 6e all s!o%ld beco&e &ore a are o" alco!ol ab%se. Its not si&'l, a "raternit, 'roble&D its a c%lt%ral 'roble&. <. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! Sall,s ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Most %niversities !ave "raternities. .1/ 2ot!in# ill be done abo%t t!e alco!ol 'roble& at Sall,s %niversit,. .C/ Alco!ol 'roble&s are beco&in# &ore ides'read at %niversities. .3/ So&e "raternit, &e&bers !o drink alco!ol bevera#es are too ,o%n# to do so le#all,. .E/ T!ere co%ld be %niversities t!at !ave no alco!ol 'roble&s. C. In t!e conversation9 *olanda does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ S!e ar#%es t!at i" 'eo'le beco&e &ore a are o" alco!ol ab%se9 "e er 'eo'le ill t!e&selves ab%se alco!ol. .1/ S!e &akes an overl, broad #enerali)ation "ro& one %niversit, to all %niversities. .C/ S!e concl%des t!at beca%se alco!ol 'roble&s are c%lt%ral 'roble&s9 t!e, cannot be "raternit, 'roble&s. .3/ S!e tries to %nder&ine !at s!e s%''oses to be Sall,s 'osition b, 'ointin# o%t t!at alco!ol 'roble&s occ%r even at %niversities !ere t!ere are no "raternities. .E/ S!e s%##ests t!at even i" alco!ol 'roble&s e(isted onl, at %niversities it! "raternities9 s!e o%ld still concl%de t!at alco!olis& is a c%lt%ral rat!er t!an a "raternit, 'roble&. @. So&e 'eo'le !ave 0%estioned !, t!e :o&eo ners Association is s%''ortin# Coo'ers candidac, "or &a,or. 1%t i" t!e Association ants a &a,or !o ill attract &ore b%sinesses to t!e to n9 Coo'er is t!e onl, candidate it co%ld s%''ort. So9 since t!e Association is s%''ortin# Coo'er9 it &%st !ave a #oal o" attractin# &ore b%sinesses to t!e to n. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is in error beca%se .A/ t!e reasons t!e :o&eo ners Association s!o%ld ant to attract &ore b%sinesses to t!e to n are not #iven .1/ t!e :o&eo ners Association co%ld be s%''ortin# Coo'ers candidac, "or reasons %nrelated to attractin# b%sinesses to t!e to n .C/ ot!er #ro%'s besides t!e :o&eo ners Association co%ld be s%''ortin# Coo'ers candidac, .3/ t!e :o&eo ners Association &i#!t discover t!at attractin# &ore b%sinesses to t!e to n o%ld not be in t!e best interest o" its &e&bers http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<I

.E/ Coo'er &i#!t not !ave all o" t!e skills t!at are needed b, a &a,or !o ants to attract b%sinesses to a to n G. Advertise&ent: Most 'o er !ed#e tri&&ers on t!e &arket do an ade0%ate +ob o" tri&&in# !ed#es. 1%t &an, 'o er !ed#e tri&&ers are dan#ero%s to o'erate and can ca%se serio%s in+%r, !en %sed b, %ntrained o'erators. 1olter Ind%stries !ed#e tri&&er !as been tested b, 2ational Laboratories9 t!e &ost tr%sted na&e in sa"et, testin#. So ,o% kno 9 i" ,o% b%, a 1olters9 ,o% are b%,in# a 'o er !ed#e tri&&er !ose sa"et, is ass%red. T!e ans er to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions o%ld be &ost %se"%l in eval%atin# t!e tr%t! o" t!e concl%sion dra n in t!e advertise&ent.A/ :as 2ational Laboratories 'er"or&ed sa"et, tests on ot!er &ac!ines &ade b, 1olter Ind%stries.1/ :o i&'ortant to t!e avera#e b%,er o" a 'o er !ed#e tri&&er is sa"et, o" o'eration.C/ 6!at ere t!e res%lts o" 2ational Laboratories tests o" 1olter Ind%stries !ed#e tri&&er.3/ Are t!ere sa"er a,s o" tri&&in# a !ed#e t!an %sin# a 'o er !ed#e tri&&er.E/ 3oes an, ot!er 'o er !ed#e tri&&er on t!e &arket do a better +ob o" tri&&in# !ed#es t!an does 1olter Ind%stries !ed#e tri&&erA. Slas!8and8b%rn a#ric%lt%re involves b%rnin# several acres o" "orest9 leavin# ve#etable as! t!at 'rovides a&'le "ertili)er "or t!ree or "o%r ,ears o" bo%nti"%l cro's. 7n t!e cleared land n%trients leac! o%t o" t!e soil9 !o ever9 and t!e land beco&es too 'oor to s%''ort a#ric%lt%re. 2e land is t!en cleared b, b%rnin# and t!e 'rocess starts a#ain. Since &ost "ar&in# in t!e tro'ics %ses t!is &et!od9 "orests in t!is re#ion ill event%all, be 'er&anentl, eradicated. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ "orests in t!e tro'ics do not re#enerate ell eno%#! to restore t!e&selves once t!e, !ave been cleared b, t!e slas!8and8b%rn &et!od .1/ so&e ot!er &et!ods o" a#ric%lt%re are not as destr%ctive to t!e environ&ent in tro'ical re#ions as t!e slas!8and8b%rn &et!od is .C/ "orests in t!e tro'ics are nat%rall, de"icient in n%trients t!at are needed to s%''ort t!e #ro t! o" 'lants t!at are not native to t!ose re#ions .3/ slas!8and8b%rn a#ric%lt%re is 'artic%larl, s%itable "or "ar&in# in tro'ical areas .E/ slas!8and8b%rn a#ric%lt%re 'rod%ces a &ore bo%nti"%l cro' t!an do ot!er a#ric%lt%re &et!ods "or t!e "irst ,ear B. 7" 59@II 'eo'le !o s%rvived a "irst !eart attack9 t!ose !o did not s&oke !ad t!eir "irst !eart attack at a &edian a#e o" G5. :o ever9 o" t!ose 59@II9 'eo'le !o s&oked t o 'acks o" ci#arettes a da, !ad t!eir "irst !eart attack at a &edian a#e o" @1. 7n t!e basis o" t!is in"or&ation9 it can be concl%ded t!at nons&okers tend http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<1

to !ave a "irst !eart attack eleven ,ears later t!an do 'eo'le !o s&oke t o 'acks o" ci#arettes a da,. T!e concl%sion is incorrectl, dra n "ro& t!e in"or&ation #iven beca%se t!is in"or&ation does not incl%de .A/ t!e relative severit, o" !eart attacks s%""ered b, s&okers and nons&okers .1/ t!e nat%re o" t!e di""erent &edical treat&ents t!at s&okers and nons&okers received a"ter t!e, !ad s%rvived t!eir "irst !eart attack .C/ !o &an, o" t!e 59@II 'eo'le st%died s%""ered a second !eart attack .3/ t!e earliest a#e at !ic! a 'erson !o s&oked t o 'acks a da, !ad !is or !er "irst !eart attack .E/ data on 'eo'le !o did not s%rvive a "irst !eart attack H. Faleontolo#ists !ave discovered "ossils o" centi'edes t!at are C1C &illion ,ears old. T!ese "ossils are at least 5I &illion ,ears older t!an t!e earliest land8 d ellin# ani&als 'revio%sl, identi"ied. T!e 'aleontolo#ists are con"ident t!at t!ese centi'edes lived on land9 even t!o%#! t!e "ossili)ed centi'edes ere discovered in rock t!at also contained "ossili)ed re&ains o" ani&als kno n to be ater8d ellin#. T!e 'aleontolo#ists vie o" t!e "ollo in#o%ld be LEAST s%''orted b, t!e tr%t! o" !ic! one

.A/ T!e le#s o" t!e "ossili)ed centi'edes ere 'artic%larl, s%ited to bein# a &eans o" loco&otion on land. .1/ All o" t!e centi'edes t!at !ad 'revio%sl, been discovered ere land d ellers. .C/ T!e rock in !ic! t!e "ossili)ed centi'edes ere "o%nd as "or&ed "ro& &%d "lats t!at ere occasionall, covered b, river ater. .3/ $ossils o" t!e earliest land8d ellin# ani&als t!at !ad 'revio%sl, been identi"ied ere "o%nd in rock t!at did not contain "ossili)ed re&ains o" ater8d ellin# ani&als. .E/ $ossils o" s'iders it! res'irator, s,ste&s ada'ted onl, to breat!in# air ere "o%nd in t!e sa&e rock as t!e centi'ede "ossils. 1I. 1roadcaster: 7%r radio station !as a res'onsibilit, to serve t!e '%blic interest. :ence9 !en o%r critics contend t!at o%r recent e('ose o" events in t!e 'rivate lives o" local celebrities as e(cessivel, intr%sive9 e can onl, re'l, t!at t!e over !el&in# '%blic interest in t!ese &atters &akes it o%r res'onsibilit, to '%blici)e t!e&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a "la in t!e broadcasters de"ense o" t!e radio stations 'ractice.A/ ass%&in# it!o%t ar#%&ent t!at t!ere is a ri#!t to 'rivac, .1/ i#norin# #ro%nds "or criticis& o" t!e e('ose aside "ro& intr%sion into 'eo'les 'rivate lives

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<5

.C/ intentionall, "ailin# to s'eci", !at is &eant b, >e(cessivel, intr%sive? .3/ con"%sin# le#al res'onsibilit, it! &oral obli#ation .E/ i&'ro'erl, e('loitin# an a&bi#%it, in t!e '!rase >'%blic interest? Questions 11-1! T!e "ire t!at destro,ed t!e M%nici'al 1%ildin# started be"ore da n t!is &ornin#9 and t!e last "ire "i#!ters did not leave %ntil late t!is a"ternoon. 2o one co%ld !ave been an, !ere in t!e vicinit, o" a "ire like t!at one and "ail to notice it. T!o&as &%st !ave seen it9 !atever !e no sa,s to t!e contrar,. :e ad&its t!at9 as %s%al9 !e ent "ro& !is a'art&ent to t!e librar, t!is &ornin#9 and t!ere is no a, "or !i& to #et "ro& !is a'art&ent to t!e librar, it!o%t #oin# 'ast t!e M%nici'al 1%ildin#. 11. T!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ T!o&as as in t!e vicinit, o" t!e "ire t!is &ornin# .1/ T!o&as clai&ed not to !ave seen t!e "ire .C/ T!o&as sa t!e "ire t!is &ornin# .3/ T!o&as ent directl, "ro& !is a'art&ent to t!e librar, t!is &ornin# .E/ T!o&as ent b, t!e M%nici'al 1%ildin# t!is &ornin# 15. T!e ar#%&ent e&'lo,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# reasonin# tec!ni0%es.A/ 'resentin# several di""erent 'ieces o" evidence eac! o" !ic! b, itsel" o%ld allo t!e concl%sion to be 'ro'erl, dra n .1/ establis!in# t!at one t!in# occ%rred b, s!o in# t!at anot!er t!in# occ%rred and t!at t!is second t!in# as eno%#! to ens%re t!e occ%rrence o" t!e "irst t!in# .C/ +%sti",in# a clai& t!at a vie !eld b, so&eone else is "alse b, e('lainin# !, t!at vie 9 des'ite its "alsit,9 is a te&'tin# one "or t!at 'erson to !old %nder t!e circ%&stances .3/ rel,in# on evidence t!at a certain kind o" event !as re#%larl, occ%rred in t!e 'ast as a basis "or concl%din# t!at an event o" t!at kind occ%rred in t!e 'resent case .E/ dra in# a #eneral concl%sion abo%t !at is 'ossible in a certain kind o" sit%ation on t!e basis o" "irst!and e('erience it! one s%c! sit%ation 1<. Editorial: In re+ectin# t!e 'lan 'ro'osed b, 'arlia&ent to re"or& t!e electoral 'rocess9 t!e 'resident clearl, acted in t!e best interests o" t!e nation. An,one !o t!inks ot!er ise s!o%ld re&e&ber t!at t!e 'resident &ade t!is decision kno in# it o%ld be &et it! "ierce o''osition at !o&e and ides'read disa''roval abroad. All citi)ens !o 'lace t!e nations ell8bein# above narro 'artisan interests ill a''la%d t!is co%ra#eo%s action. T!e reasonin# in t!e editorial is in error beca%se .A/ it con"%sed a 0%alit, t!at is &erel, desirable in a 'olitical leader it! a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<<

0%alit, t!at is essential to e""ective 'olitical decision8&akin# .1/ it "ails to distin#%is! bet een evidence concernin# t!e co%ra#e re0%ired to &ake a certain decision and evidence concernin# t!e isdo& o" &akin# t!at decision .C/ it i#nores t!e likeli!ood t!at &an, citi)ens !ave no narro 'artisan interest in t!e 'ro'osed election re"or& 'lan .3/ it overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!ere as stron# o''osition to t!e 'arlia&ents 'lan a&on# &e&bers o" t!e 'residents o n 'art, .E/ it de'ends on t!e %n arranted ass%&'tion t!at an, 'lan 'ro'osed b, a 'arlia&ent ill necessaril, serve onl, narro 'artisan interests 1C. 7nce cons%&ers reco#ni)e t!at a 'eriod o" in"lation !as be#%n9 t!ere is #enerall, an increase in cons%&er s'endin#. T!is increase can be readil, e('lained b, cons%&ers desire not to 'ost'one '%rc!ases t!at ill s%rel, increase in 'rice. 1%t d%rin# 'rotracted 'eriods o" in"lation9 cons%&ers event%all, be#in to '%t o"" &akin# even ro%tine '%rc!ases9 des'ite t!e "act t!at cons%&ers contin%e to e('ect 'rice to rise and des'ite t!e "act t!at salaries also rise d%rin# in"lationar, 'eriods. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e a''arent inconsistenc, in cons%&er be!avior described above.A/ 3%rin# ti&es o" in"lation cons%&ers save &ore &one, t!an t!e, do in nonin"lationar, 'eriods. .1/ T!ere is %s%all, a la# bet een t!e leadin# econo&ic indicators "irst si#nalin# t!e onset o" an in"lationar, 'eriod and cons%&ers reco#nition o" its onset. .C/ 2o #enerali)ation t!at describes !%&an be!avior ill be tr%e o" ever, t,'e o" !%&an be!avior. .3/ I" si#ni"icant n%&bers o" cons%&ers are %nable to &ake '%rc!ases9 'rices ill event%all, "all b%t salaries ill not be directl, a""ected. .E/ Cons%&ers '%rc!asin# 'o er decreases d%rin# 'eriods o" 'rotracted in"lation since salaries do not kee' 'ace it! 'rices. Questions 15-1& A "avored t!eor, to e('lain t!e e(tinction o" dinosa%rs9 to#et!er it! &an, ot!er s'ecies9 !as been t!e #loball, catastro'!ic collision o" a lar#e asteroid it! t!e Eart!. S%''ortin# evidence is an e(traterrestrial c!e&ical ele&ent in a la,er o" d%st "o%nd orld ide at a #eolo#ical level laid do n conte&'oraneo%sl, it! t!e s%''orted event. A ne co&'etin# t!eor, contends t!at an, asteroid i&'act as irrelevant9 beca%se it as &assive volcanic activit, t!at ca%sed t!e e(tinctions b, '%ttin# eno%#! d%st into t!e at&os'!ere to cool t!e 'lanet. T!e 3ecean re#ion o" India contains e(tensive volcanic "lo s t!at occ%rred it!in t!e sa&e ti&e 'eriod as t!e s%''osed asteroid i&'act and t!e e(tinctions. 1@. T!e ne t!eor, ass%&es t!at

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GMAT & LSAT CR

C<C

.A/ t!e &assive volcanic activit, as not ca%sed b, t!e i&'act o" an asteroid .1/ no individ%al dinosa%rs s%rvived t!e i&'act o" t!e asteroid9 i" it occ%rred .C/ t!e e(tinctions took 'lace over a lon#er ti&e 'eriod t!an t!e, o%ld !ave i" ca%sed b, t!e i&'act o" an asteroid .3/ ot!er volcanic er%'tions ere not occ%rrin# at t!e sa&e ti&e as t!ose in t!e 3ecean re#ion .E/ it is not 'ossible to deter&ine !ic! o%ld !ave occ%rred "irst9 t!e volcanic "lo s in t!e 3ecean re#ion or t!e s%''osed i&'act o" an asteroid 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost o" stron#l, indicates t!at t!e asteroid8 i&'act t!eor, is at least inco&'lete9 i" not "alse.A/ Lar#e concentrations o" dinosa%r nests it! "ossil e##s "o%nd in Alberta indicate t!at at least so&e s'ecies o" dinosa%rs con#re#ated in lar#e #ro%'s d%rin# so&e 'art o" t!eir lives. .1/ 3inosa%r re&ains indicate t!at so&e s'ecies o" dinosa%r co%ld !ave &i#rated in !erds over ide ran#es9 so t!at t!e, co%ld !ave traveled to esca'e t!e local e""ects o" certain catastro'!es. .C/ Le#ends "ro& &an, c%lt%res9 s%c! as t!e Greek le#end t!at Cad&%s raised an ar&, b, so in# dra#ons teet! in t!e #ro%nd9 s!o t!at vario%s accident 'eo'les orld ide ere "a&iliar it! t!e "ossils o" dinosa%rs. .3/ In t!e Gobi desert in C!ina9 !ere no onl, s&all ani&als can eke o%t an e(istence9 "ossil dinosa%r skeletons 5A "eet lon# ere "o%nd in circ%&stances indicatin# t!at t!e cli&ate t!ere as as dr, !en t!e dinosa%rs lived as it is no . .E/ T!e "ossil record in Montano "ro& belo t!e la,er o" e(traterrestrial d%st s!o s a di&in%tion over ti&e in dinosa%r s'ecies "ro& <@ to 1<9 and dinosa%r teet! "o%nd above t!e d%st la,er s!o a di&in%tion in s'ecies "ro& 1< to @. 1A. A contract9 !et!er e('ressed or %ne('ressed9 e(ists !en t o 'arties en#a#e it! eac! ot!er "or t!e reci'rocal trans"er o" bene"its. T!%s9 in acce'tin# s%''ort "ro& '%blic "%nds9 an artist creates at least an %ne('ressed contract bet een !i&sel" or !ersel" and t!e '%blic9 and t!e '%blic can ri#!tl, e('ect to bene"it "ro& t!e artists ork. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes an error in reasonin# in t!e 'assa#e.A/ atte&'tin# to +%sti", a r%le o" cond%ct on t!e #ro%nds t!at it con"ers bene"its on all o" t!e 'arties involved .1/ concl%din# t!at a de"inition is "%ll, a''licable to a sit%ation !en it is kno n onl, t!at t!e sit%ation con"or&s 'artiall, to t!at de"inition .C/ s'eakin# onl, in a abstract ter&s abo%t &atters t!at involve contin#encies and t!at &%st be +%d#ed on a case8b,8case basis http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<@

.3/ con"%sin# t!e t,'e o" &ental or e&otional activit, in !ic! an individ%al can en#a#e it! t!e &ental or e&otional states t!at can c!aracteri)e #ro%'s o" individ%als .E/ treatin# an iss%e t!at re0%ires resol%tion t!ro%#! 'olitical 'rocesses as i" it ere &erel, a &atter o" o'inion 1B. Feo'le cannot be &orall, res'onsible "or t!in#s over !ic! t!e, !ave no control. T!ere"ore9 t!e, s!o%ld not be !eld &orall, res'onsible "or an, inevitable conse0%ences o" s%c! t!in#s9 eit!er. 3eter&inin# !et!er ad%lts !ave an, control over t!e treat&ent t!e, are receivin# can be di""ic%lt. :ence in so&e cases it can be di""ic%lt to kno !et!er ad%lts bear an, &oral res'onsibilit, "or t!e a, t!e, are treated. Ever,one9 !o ever9 so&eti&es acts in a,s t!at are an inevitable conse0%ence o" treat&ent received as an in"ant and in"ants clearl, cannot control9 and so are not &orall, res'onsible "or9 t!e treat&ent t!e, receive. An,one &akin# t!e clai&s above o%ld be lo#icall, co&&itted to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# "%rt!er clai&s.A/ An in"ant s!o%ld never be !eld &orall, res'onsible "or an action t!at in"ant !as 'er"or&ed. .1/ T!ere are certain co&&onl, 'er"or&ed actions "or !ic! no one 'er"or&in# t!ose actions s!o%ld ever be !eld &orall, res'onsible. .C/ Ad%lts !o clai& t!at t!e, !ave no control over t!e treat&ent t!e, are receivin# s!o%ld o"ten be !eld at least 'artiall, res'onsible "or bein# so treated. .3/ I" a #iven action is it!in a certain 'ersons control t!at 'erson s!o%ld be !eld &orall,. .E/ 2o ad%lt s!o%ld be !eld &orall, res'onsible "or ever, action !e or s!e 'er"or&s. 1H. $ares on t!e cit,8r%n '%blic b%ses in Greenville are s%bsidi)ed b, cit, ta( reven%es9 b%t a&on# t!e bene"iciaries o" t!e lo "ares are &an, 'eo'le !o co&&%te "ro& o%tside t!e cit, to +obs in Greenville. So&e cit, co%ncilors ar#%e t!at cit, ta(es s!o%ld be %sed 'ri&aril, to bene"it t!e 'eo'le !o 'a, t!e&9 and t!ere"ore t!at b%s "ares s!o%ld be raised eno%#! to cover t!e cost o" t!e service. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e ar#%&ent advanced b, t!e cit, co%ncilors EECEFT: .A/ Man, b%sinesses !ose 'resence in t!e cit, is bene"icial to t!e cit,s ta('a,ers o%ld relocate o%tside t!e cit, i" '%blic8transit "are ere &ore e('ensive. .1/ 1, 'rovidin# co&&%ters it! econo&ic incentives to drive to ork9 !i#!er transit "ares o%ld orsen air 'oll%tion in Greenville and increase t!e cost o" &aintainin# t!e cit,s streets. .C/ Increasin# transit "ares o%ld disadvanta#e t!ose residents o" t!e cit, !ose http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<G

lo inco&es &ake t!e& e(e&'t "ro& cit, ta(es9 and all cit, co%ncilors a#ree t!at t!ese residents s!o%ld be able to take advanta#e o" cit,8r%n services. .3/ 4oters in t!e cit,9 &an, o" !o& bene"it "ro& t!e lo transit "ares9 are stron#l, o''osed to increasin# local ta(es. .E/ Feo'le !o ork in Greenville and earn a#es above t!e nationall, &andated &ini&%& all 'a, t!e cit, a#e ta( o" @ 'ercent. 5I. Govern&ent o""icial: Clearl,9 censors!i' e(ists i" e9 as citi)ens9 are not allo ed to co&&%nicate !at e are read, to co&&%nicate at o%r o n e('ense or i" ot!er citi)ens are not 'er&itted access to o%r co&&%nications at t!eir o n e('ense. F%blic %n illin#ness to 'rovide "%nds "or certain kinds o" scienti"ic9 sc!olarl,9 or artistic activities cannot9 t!ere"ore9 be described as censors!i'. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e #overn&ent o""icials ar#%&ent is &ost 'arallel to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ All actions t!at ca%se %nnecessar, !ar& to ot!ers are %n+%st: so i" a +%st action ca%ses !ar& to ot!ers9 t!at action &%st be necessar,. .1/ Since t!ere is &ore to #ood &anners t!an si&'l, %sin# 'olite "or&s o" address9 it is not 'ossible to sa, on "irst &eetin# a 'erson !et!er or not t!at 'erson !as #ood &anners. .C/ Acro'!obia9 %s%all, de"ined as a &orbid "ear o" !ei#!ts9 can also &ean a &orbid "ear o" s!ar' ob+ects. Since bot! "ears !ave t!e sa&e ori#in. .3/ T!ere is no do%bt t!at a deed is !eroic i" t!e doer risks !is or !er o n li"e to bene"it anot!er 'erson. T!%s an action is not !eroic i" onl, t!in# it endan#ers is t!e re'%tation o" t!e doer. .E/ Ferce'tion o" bea%t, in an ob+ect is deter&ined b, 'ast and 'resent in"l%ences on t!e &ind o" t!e be!older. T!%s on ob+ect can be called bea%ti"%l9 since not ever,one ill see bea%t, in it. 51. T!e Ja'anese hai5u is de"ined as a 'oe& o" t!ree lines it! "ive s,llables in t!e "irst line9 seven s,llables in t!e second line9 and "ive s,llables in t!e t!ird line. En#lis! 'oets tend to i#nore t!is "act. 3isre#ardin# s,llable co%nt9 t!e, #enerall, call an, t!ree8line En#lis! 'oe& it! a >hai5u "eel? a hai5u. T!is de&onstrates t!at En#lis! 'oets !ave little res'ect "or "orei#n traditions9 even t!ose "ro& !ic! so&e o" t!eir o n 'oetr, derives. T!e reasonin# is "la ed beca%se it .A/ con"%ses &atters o" ob+ective "act it! &atters o" s%b+ective "eelin# .1/ dra s a concl%sion t!at is broader in sco'e t!an is arranted b, t!e evidence advanced .C/ relies on stereot,'es instead o" 'resentin# evidence .3/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e case it cites is not %ni0%e .E/ "ails to ackno led#e t!at i#norin# so&et!in# i&'lies a ne#ative +%d#&ent http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<A

abo%t t!at t!in# Questions !!-!3 2o one kno s !at '%r'oses9 i" an,9 drea&s serve9 alt!o%#! t!ere are a n%&ber o" !,'ot!eses. Accordin# to one !,'ot!esis9 drea&s are 'rod%ced !en t!e brain is erasin# >'arasitic connections? .&eanin#less9 accidental associations bet een ideas/9 !ic! acc%&%late d%rin# t!e da, and !ic! o%ld ot!er ise clo# %' o%r &e&ories. Interestin#l,9 t!e onl, &a&&al t!at does not !ave ra'id e,e &ove&ent slee'9 in !ic! e !%&ans t,'icall, !ave o%r &ost vivid drea&s9 is t!e s'in, anteater9 !ic! !as been seen as ano&alo%s in t!at it !as a ver, lar#e brain relative to t!e ani&als si)e. T!is "act 'rovides so&e con"ir&ation "or t!e 'arasitic8connection !,'ot!esis9 since t!e !,'ot!esis 'redicts t!at "or an ani&al t!at did not drea& to !ave an e""ective &e&or, t!at ani&al o%ld need e(tra &e&or, s'ace "or t!e 'arasitic connections. 55. T!e 'arasitic8connection !,'ot!esis9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e ani&als it! t!e s&allest brains s'end t!e &ost ti&e slee'in#. .1/ I&&ediatel, a"ter a 'erson a akens "ro& nor&al slee'9 !er or !is &e&or, contains virt%all, no accidental associations bet een ideas. .C/ 6!en a &a&&al t!at o%ld nor&all, drea& is 'revented "ro& drea&in#9 t!e "%nctionin# o" its &e&or, ill be i&'aired. .3/ Inso"ar as a 'ersons descri'tion o" a drea& involves &eanin#"%l associations bet een ideas9 it is an inacc%rate descri'tion. .E/ All ani&als ot!er t!an t!e s'in, anteater drea&. 5<. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent &ost closel, con"or&s to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ $acts abo%t one s'ecies o" ani&al can 'rovide con"ir&ation "or !,'ot!esis abo%t all s'ecies t!at are si&ilar in all relevant res'ects to t!e 'artic%lar s'ecies in 0%estion. .1/ A !,'ot!esis "ro& !ic! several 'redictions can be dra n as lo#ical concl%sions is con"ir&ed onl, !en t!e &a+orit, o" t!ese 'redictions t%rn o%t to be tr%e. .C/ A !,'ot!esis abo%t t!e '%r'ose o" an action or ob+ect is con"ir&ed !en it is s!o n t!at t!e !,'ot!esi)ed '%r'ose is ac!ieved it! t!e !el' o" t!e action or ob+ect and co%ld not be ac!ieved it!o%t t!at action or ob+ect. .3/ A !,'ot!esis is 'artiall, con"ir&ed !enever a 'rediction derived "ro& t!at !,'ot!esis 'rovides an e('lanation "or an ot!er ise %ne('lained set o" "acts. .E/ 6!en several co&'etin# !,'ot!eses e(ist9 one o" t!e& is con"ir&ed onl, !en it &akes a correct 'rediction t!at its rivals "ail to &ake. 5C. T!e bod, o" an,one in"ected b, vir%s E ill9 a"ter a eek9 'rod%ce antibodies to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C<B

"i#!t t!e vir%sD t!e antibodies ill increase in n%&ber "or t!e ne(t ,ear or so. T!ere is no a test t!at reliabl, indicates !o &an, antibodies are 'resent in a 'ersons bod,. I" 'ositive9 t!is test can be %sed d%rin# t!e "irst ,ear o" in"ection to esti&ate to it!in a &ont! !o lon# t!at 'erson !as !ad t!e vir%s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is best s%''orted b, t!e state&ents above.A/ Antibodies increase in n%&ber onl, %ntil t!e, !ave de"eated t!e vir%s. .1/ 6it!o%t t!e test "or antibodies9 t!ere is no a, o" establis!in# !et!er a 'erson !as vir%s E. .C/ Antibodies are 'rod%ced onl, "or viral in"ections t!at cannot be "o%#!t b, an, ot!er bod, de"enses. .3/ I" a 'erson re&ains in"ected b, vir%s E inde"initel,9 t!ere is no li&it to t!e n%&ber o" antibodies t!at can be 'resent in t!e 'ersons bod,. .E/ An,one in"ected b, vir%s E ill "or a ti&e "ail to e(!ibit in"ection i" tested b, t!e antibod, test. 5@. Lar#e ine0%alities in ealt! al a,s t!reaten t!e viabilit, o" tr%e de&ocrac,9 since ealt! is t!e basis o" 'olitical 'o er9 and tr%e de&ocrac, de'ends on t!e e0%al distrib%tion o" 'olitical 'o er a&on# all citi)ens. T!e reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents &ost closel, 'arallels t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Cons%&er c%lt%re and an e&'!asis on tec!nolo#ical innovation are a dan#ero%s co&bination9 since to#et!er t!e, are %ncontrollable and lead to irrational e(cess. .1/ I" Sara ent to t!e bookstore ever, ti&e !er 'ocket as "%ll9 Sara o%ld never !ave eno%#! &one, to cover !er livin# e('enses9 since books are !er love and t!e, are #ettin# ver, e('ensive. .C/ It is ver, di""ic%lt to rite a s%ccess"%l science "iction novel t!at is set in t!e 'ast9 since !istorical "iction de'ends on !istorical acc%rac,9 !ereas science "iction does not. .3/ :onest, is i&'ortant in &aintainin# "riends!i's. 1%t so&eti&es !onest, can lead to ar#%&ents9 so it is di""ic%lt to 'redict t!e e""ect a 'artic%lar !onest, act ill !ave on a "riends!i'. .E/ Re'eated encroac!&ents on ones leis%re ti&e b, a de&andin# +ob inter"ere it! t!e re0%ire&ents o" #ood !ealt!. T!e reason is t!at #ood !ealt! de'ends on re#%lar &oderate e(ercise9 b%t ade0%ate leis%re ti&e is essential to re#%lar e(ercise. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

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GMAT & LSAT CR

C<H

Questions 1-! A '!,sician !o is too t!oro%#! in cond%ctin# a &edical c!eck%' is likel, to s%b+ect t!e 'atient to t!e disco&"ort and e('ense o" %nnecessar, tests. 7ne !o is not t!oro%#! eno%#! is likel, to &iss so&e serio%s 'roble& and t!ere"ore #ive t!e 'atient a "alse sense o" sec%rit,. It is di""ic%lt "or '!,sicians to +%d#e e(actl, !o t!oro%#! t!e, s!o%ld be. T!ere"ore9 it is #enerall, %n ise "or 'atients to !ave &edical c!eck%'s !en t!e, do not "eel ill. 1. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e.A/ So&e serio%s diseases in t!eir earl, sta#es !ave s,&'to&s t!at '!,sicians can readil, detect. .1/ =nder t!e 'ress%re o" red%ced rei&b%rse&ents9 '!,sicians !ave been red%cin# t!e avera#e a&o%nt o" ti&e t!e, s'end on eac! &edical c!eck%'. .C/ Fatients not &edicall, trained are %nable to +%d#e "oe t!e&selves !at de#ree o" t!oro%#!ness is a''ro'riate "or '!,sicians in cond%ctin# &edical c!eck%'s. .3/ Man, 'eo'le are "inanciall, %nable to a""ord re#%lar &edical c!eck%'s. .E/ So&e '!,sicians so&eti&es e(ercise e(actl, t!e ri#!t de#ree o" t!oro%#!ness in 'er"or&in# a &edical c!eck%'. 5. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ 2ot all &edical tests entail si#ni"icant disco&"ort. .1/ So&eti&es %nnecessar, &edical tests ca%se !ealt!, 'eo'le to beco&e ill. .C/ So&e 'atients re"%se to acce't a '!,sicians ass%rance t!at t!e 'atient is !ealt!,. .3/ T!e &ore co&'lete t!e series o" tests 'er"or&ed in a &edical c!eck%'9 t!e &ore likel, it is t!at a rare disease9 i" 'resent9 ill be discovered. .E/ F!,sicians can eli&inate t!e need to order certain tests b, care"%ll, 0%estionin# 'atients and re+ectin# so&e 'ossibilities on t!at basis. <. Feo'le o"ten 'rono%nce a ord di""erentl, !en asked to read ritten &aterial alo%d t!an !en s'eakin# s'ontaneo%sl,. T!ese di""erences &a, ca%se 'roble&s "or t!ose !o develo' co&'%ters t!at reco#ni)e s'eec!. =s%all, t!e develo'ers >train? t!e co&'%ters b, %sin# sa&'les o" ritten &aterial read b, t!e 'eo'le !o ill be %sin# t!e co&'%te. T!e observations above 'rovide &ost evidence "or t!e concl%sion t!at .A/ It ill be i&'ossible to develo' co&'%ters t!at decode s'ontaneo%s s'eec!. .1/ 6!en readin# ritten &aterial9 'eo'le !o !ave di""erent accents 'rono%nce t!e sa&e ord in t!e sa&e a, as one anot!er. .C/ Co&'%ters &a, be less reliable in decodin# s'ontaneo%s s'eec! t!an in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CCI

decodin# sa&'les t!at !ave been read alo%d. .3/ A >trained? co&'%ter never correctl, decodes t!e s'ontaneo%s s'eec! o" a 'erson !ose voice sa&'le as %sed to train it. .E/ Co&'%ters are no able to inter'ret oral s'eec! it!o%t error. C. 7ne o" t!e re0%ire&ents "or ad&ission to t!e L%nnville Roller Skatin# Cl%b is a !i#! de#ree o" skill in roller skatin#. T!e cl%b 'resident !as e('ressed concern t!at t!e cl%b &a, !ave discri&inated a#ainst 0%ali"ied o&en in its ad&issions t!is ,ear. *et !al" o" t!e a''licants ad&itted to t!e cl%b t!is ,ear ere o&en. T!is 'roves t!at t!ere as no discri&ination a#ainst 0%ali"ied o&en a''licants in t!e cl%bs ad&issions t!is ,ear. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 7nl, a "e a''licants ere "o%nd to be 0%ali"ied and ere ad&itted to t!e cl%b t!is ,ear. .1/ 2o &ore t!an !al" o" all t!e roller skaters in L%nnville are o&en. .C/ 2o &ore t!an !al" o" all t!e roller skaters in L%nnville are &en. .3/ T!is ,ear no &ore t!an !al" o" t!e a''licants !o &et all t!e 0%ali"ications "or ad&ission to t!e cl%b ere o&en. .E/ T!is ,ear no &ore t!an !al" o" t!e &e&bers o" t!e cl%bs co&&ittee t!at &akes decisions abo%t a''licants 0%ali"ications ere &en. @. 6!en #irls are ed%cated in sin#le8se( secondar, sc!ools9 t!e, tend to do better acade&icall, t!an #irls !o attend &i(ed8se( sc!ools. Since Alice ac!ieved !i#!er #rades t!an an, ot!er o&an in !er "irst ,ear at t!e %niversit,9 s!e as 'robabl, ed%cated at a sin#le8se( sc!ool. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e "la ed reasonin# %sed in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 6!en st%dents !ave individ%al t%torin# in &at!9 t!e, %s%all, #et #ood #rades on t!eir "inal e(a&s. Celia !ad individ%al t%torin# in &at! so s!e ill 'robabl, #et a #ood #rade. .1/ 6!en babies are ta%#!t to s i&9 t!e, !ave &ore t!an t!e avera#e n%&ber o" ear in"ections as t!e, #ro %'. Janice !as &ore ear in"ections t!an an, ot!er 'erson at t!e local s i&&in# cl%b9 so s!e 'robabl, as ta%#!t to s i& !en s!e as a bab,. .C/ 6!en c!ildren st%d, &%sic at an earl, a#e9 t!e, later tend to a''reciate a ide variet, o" &%sic9 so t!e talent o" "%t%re &%sicians is best "ostered at an earl, a#e. .3/ 6!en c!ildren 'ractice t!eir 'iano scales "or !al" an !o%r eac! da,9 t!e, %s%all, 'ass t!eir 'iano e(a&s. Sall, 'ractices scales "or less t!an !al" an !o%r eac! da,9 so s!e ill 'robabl, "ail !er 'iano e(a&. .E/ 6!en c!ildren !ave 'arents !o !el' t!e& it! t!eir !o&e ork9 t!e, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CC1

%s%all, do ell in sc!ool. T!ere"ore9 !avin# !el' it! !o&e ork is 'robabl, t!e ca%se o" !i#! acade&ic ac!ieve&ent. G. In t!e 'ast cent%r,9 2ort! A&erica !as s!i"ted its &ain ener#, so%rce "irst "ro& ood to coal9 t!en "ro& coal to oil and nat%ral #as. 6it! eac! transition9 t!e ne l, do&inant "%el !as !ad less carbon and &ore !,dro#en t!an its 'redecessor !ad. It is lo#ical to concl%de t!at in t!e "%t%re t!e &ain ener#, so%rce ill be '%re !,dro#en. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e('resses a #eneral 'rinci'le t!at co%ld %nderlie t!e ar#%&ent.A/ I" series o" transitions "ro& one state o" a s,ste& to anot!er state o" t!at s,ste& is allo ed to contin%e it!o%t inter"erence9 t!e initial state o" t!e series ill event%all, rec%r. .1/ I" eac! o" t o desirable attrib%tes belon#s to a %se"%l s%bstance9 t!en t!e &ost %se"%l "or& o" t!at s%bstance ill !ave t!ose t o attrib%tes in e0%al a&o%nts. .C/ I" t!e second sta#e o" a 'rocess !as been co&'leted &ore 0%ickl, t!an t!e "irst sta#e9 t!e t!ird sta#e o" t!at 'rocess ill be co&'leted &ore 0%ickl, t!an t!e second sta#e. .3/ I" eac! ste' in a series o" c!an#es involves a decrease o" one attrib%te o" t!e t!in# %nder#oin# t!e c!an#e and an increase o" anot!er9 t!e series ill ter&inate it! t!e "irst attrib%te eli&inated and onl, t!e second attrib%te 'resent. .E/ I" one s%bstance is better "or a certain '%r'ose t!an anot!er s%bstance is9 t!en t!e best s%bstance "or t!at '%r'ose is one t!at incl%des a&on# its attrib%tes all o" t!e attrib%tes o" t!e "irst s%bstance and none o" t!e attrib%tes o" t!e second s%bstance. Questions '-8 E: Since &an, c!e&icals %se"%l "or a#ric%lt%re and &edicine derive "ro& rare or endan#ered 'lant s'ecies9 it is likel, t!at &an, 'lant s'ecies t!at are no e(tinct co%ld !ave 'rovide %s it! s%bstances t!at o%ld !ave been a boon to !%&anit,. T!ere"ore9 i" e ant to ens%re t!at c!e&icals "ro& 'lants are available "or %se in t!e "%t%re9 e &%st &ake &ore serio%s e""orts to 'reserve "or all ti&e o%r nat%ral reso%rce. *: 1%t livin# t!in#s are not o%r >reso%rces.? *o%rs is a sel"is! a''roac! to conservation. 6e s!o%ld rat!er strive to 'reserve livin# s'ecies beca%se t!e, deserve to s%rvive9 not beca%se o" t!e #ood t!e, can do %s. A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an iss%e abo%t !ic! E and * disa#ree.A/ 6!et!er t!e bene"its !%&ans derive "ro& e('lorin# non8!%&an s'ecies 'rovides a #ood reason "or 'reservin# non8!%&an s'ecies.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CC5

.1/ 6!et!er t!e cost o" 'reservin# 'lant s'ecies o%t ei#!s t!e cost o" arti"iciall, s,nt!esi)in# c!e&icals t!at co%ld ot!er ise be derived "ro& t!ose s'ecies. .C/ 6!et!er it is 'r%dent to conserve nat%ral reso%rces. .3/ 6!et!er !%&ans s!o%ld &ake e""orts to 'revent t!e e(tinction o" livin# s'ecies. .E/ 6!et!er all non8!%&an s'ecies are e0%all, val%able as nat%ral reso%rces. B. Es ar#%&ent relies on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Medicine o%ld no be &ore advanced t!an it is i" t!ere !ad been a serio%s conservation 'olic, in t!e 'ast. .1/ All livin# t!in#s e(ist to serve !%&ankind. .C/ T!e %se o" rare and endan#ered 'lant s'ecies as a so%rce "or c!e&icals ill not itsel" render t!ose s'ecies e(tinct. .3/ T!e onl, a, to 'ers%ade 'eo'le to 'reserve nat%ral reso%rces is to convince t!e& t!at it is in t!eir interest to do so. .E/ $e 9 i" an,9 'lant s'ecies !ave been saved "ro& e(tinction t!ro%#! !%&an e""orts. H. T!ere is relativel, little roo& "or #ro t! in t!e overall car'et &arket9 !ic! is tied to t!e si)e o" t!e 'o'%lation. Most !o '%rc!ase car'et do so onl, once or t ice9 "irst in t!eir t enties or t!irties9 and t!en 'er!a's a#ain in t!eir "i"ties or si(ties. T!%s as t!e 'o'%lation a#es9 co&'anies 'rod%cin# car'et ill be able to #ain &arket s!are in t!e car'et &arket onl, t!ro%#! '%rc!asin# co&'etitors9 and not t!ro%#! &ore a##ressive &arketin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost do%bt on t!e concl%sion above.A/ Most o" t!e &a+or car'et 'rod%cers &arket ot!er "loor coverin#s as ell. .1/ Most establis!ed car'et 'rod%cers &arket several di""erent brand na&es and varieties9 and t!ere is no re&ainin# nic!e in t!e &arket "or ne brands to "ill. .C/ T o o" t!e t!ree &er#ers in t!e ind%str,s last ten ,ears led to a decline in 'ro"its and reven%es "or t!e ne l, &er#ed co&'anies. .3/ Frice red%ctions9 ac!ieved b, cost8c%ttin# in 'rod%ction9 b, so&e o" t!e do&inant "ir&s in t!e car'et &arket are ca%sin# ot!er 'rod%cers to leave t!e &arket alto#et!er. .E/ T!e car'et &arket is %nlike &ost &arkets in t!at cons%&ers are beco&in# increasin#l, resistant to ne 'atterns and st,les. 1I. 3ecision &akers tend to !ave distinctive st,les. 7ne s%c! st,le is "or t!e decision &aker to seek t!e idest 'ossible in'%t "ro& advisers and to e('lore alternatives !ile &akin# %' !is or !er &ind. In "act9 decision &akers o" t!is sort ill o"ten ar#%e vi#oro%sl, "or a 'artic%lar idea9 e&'!asi)in# its stron# 'oints and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CC<

do n'la,in# its eaknesses9 not beca%se t!e, act%all, believe in t!e idea b%t beca%se t!e, ant to see i" t!eir real reservations abo%t it are idios,ncratic or are !eld inde'endentl, b, t!eir advisers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e state&ent above.A/ I" certain decision &akers state&ents are 0%oted acc%ratel, and at len#t!D t!e content o" t!e 0%ote co%ld nonet!eless be #reatl, at variance it! t!e decision event%all, &ake. .1/ Certain decision &akers do not kno !ic! ideas t!e, do not reall, believe in %ntil a"ter t!e, !ave 'resented a variet, o" ideas to t!eir advisers. .C/ I" certain decision &akers dis&iss an idea o%t o" !and9 it &%st be beca%se its eaknesses are &ore 'rono%nced t!an an, stron# 'oints it &a, !ave. .3/ Certain decision &akers 'roceed in a a, t!at &akes it likel, t!at t!e, ill "re0%entl, decide in "avor o" ideas in !ic! t!e, do not believe. .E/ I" certain decision &akers advisers kno t!e act%al belie"s o" t!ose t!e, advise9 t!ose advisers ill #ive better advice t!an t!e, o%ld i" t!e, did not kno t!ose belie"s. Questions 11-1! T!e "orei#n &inister o" Qeria anno%nced toda, t!at !er co%ntr, as severin# di'lo&atic relations it! 2andalo beca%se o" 2andalos "la#rant violations o" !%&an ri#!ts. 1%t Qeria contin%es to &aintain di'lo&atic relations it! &an, co%ntries t!at t!e &inister kno s to !ave "ar orse !%&an8ri#!ts records t!an 2andalo does. T!ere"ore9 des'ite t!e "orei#n &inisters clai&9 t!is latest di'lo&atic &ove cannot be e('lained e(cl%sivel, b, Qerias co&&it&ent to %'!oldin# !%&an ri#!ts. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e co%ntr, t!at c%rrentl, b%,s &ost o" Qerias e('orts recentl, s%##ested t!at it &i#!t severel, restrict its i&'orts "ro& Qeria %nless Qeria broke o"" 3i'lo&atic relations it! 2andalo. .1/ T o eeks a"ter t!e Qerian &inisters anno%nce&ent9 several ot!er co%ntries cited !%&an8ri#!ts violations as a reason "or severin# di'lo&atic relations it! 2andalo. .C/ More co%ntries !ave e('ressed concern over re'orted !%&an8ri#!ts violations in 2andalo t!an !ave e('ressed concern over !%&an8ri#!ts violations in Qeria. .3/ 2andalo !as considered acc%sin# Qeria o" violatin# t!e !%&an ri#!ts o" 2andalo citi)ens livin# in Qeria. .E/ T!e o''osition 'art, in Qeria !as lon# advocated severin# trade relations it! co%ntries t!at s,ste&aticall, violate !%&an ri#!ts b%t !as o''osed severin# di'lo&atic relations.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CCC

15. T!e ar#%&entative str%ct%re o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!at o" t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e.A/ :enr,s 'arents insist t!at !e eat break"ast be"ore leavin# "or sc!ool beca%se not doin# so o%ld be bad "or !is !ealt!. 1%t !is 'arents t!e&selves al&ost never eat break"ast9 so t!eir insistence cannot be co&'letel, e('lained b, t!eir concern "or !is !ealt!. .1/ Fro"essor 6als! sa,s t!at onl, t,'ed ter& 'a'ers ill be acce'ted beca%se &ost !and ritin# is di""ic%lt to read. 1%t since s!e lect%res "ro& !and ritten notes9 !er 'olic, cannot be e(cl%sivel, e('lained b, an, di""ic%lt, s!e !as it! !and ritten &aterial. .C/ Ja&es clai&s t!at !e stole onl, beca%se !e as !%n#r,. 1%t alt!o%#! !%n#er co%ld acco%nt "or stealin# i" "ood co%ld not be readil, obtained in an, ot!er a,9 in t!is case "ood as ot!er ise readil, available9 and so Ja&es t!e"t cannot be co&'letel, e('lained b, !is !%n#er. .3/ Ar&and declined :elens invitation to dinner on t!e #ro%nds t!at sociali)in# it! co orkers is i&'r%dent. 1%t since Ar&and ent to a &ovie it! anot!er co orker9 Maria9 t!at sa&e evenin#9 !is e('ressed concern "or 'r%dence cannot "%ll, e('lain !is re"%sal. .E/ It is o"ten asserted t!at t!ere are "e er #ood teac!ers t!an t!ere %sed to be beca%se teac!ers salaries !ave reac!ed a ne lo . 1%t teac!ers !ave al a,s been 'oorl, 'aid9 so lo salaries cannot "%ll, e('lain t!is 'erceived decline in t!e e""ectiveness o" teac!ers. 1<. $e 'oliticians ill s%''ort le#islation t!at con"licts it! t!eir o n sel"8interest. A case in 'oint is A%#%st $renson9 !o t!ro%#!o%t !is ei#!t ter&s in o""ice consistentl, o''osed &eas%res li&itin# t!e advanta#e inc%&bents en+o, over t!eir c!allen#ers. T!ere"ore9 i" s%c! &eas%res are to be enacted9 t!e, &%st res%lt "ro& direct 'o'%lar vote rat!er "ro& le#islative action. T!e case o" A%#%st $renson 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It 'rovides evidence9 t!e "alsit, o" !ic! o%ld #%arantee t!e "alsit, o" t!e a%t!ors concl%sion. .1/ It is cited as an e(a&'le ill%stratin# t!e #enerali)ation t!at is invoked. .C/ It #ives essential back#ro%nd in"or&ation concernin# a &eas%re bein# advocated. .3/ It de&onstrates t!e e(tent to !ic! inc%&bents !ave t!e advanta#e over c!allen#ers. .E/ It #ives an e(a&'le o" t!e li&its o" direct 'o'%lar vote. 1C. In a learnin# e('eri&ent a researc!er ran rats t!ro%#! a &a)e. So&e o" t!e rats ere blind9 ot!ers dea"9 ot!ers lacked a sense o" s&ell9 and ot!ers !ad no sensor, de"iciencies: ,et all t!e rats learned t!e task in &%c! t!e sa&e a&o%nt o" ti&e. 7" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CC@

t!e senses ot!er t!an si#!t9 !earin#9 and s&ell9 onl, kinest!esia !ad not 'revio%sl, been s!o n to be irrelevant to &a)e8learnin#. T!e researc!er concl%ded on t!e basis o" t!ese "acts t!at kinest!esia9 t!e sensation o" bodil, &ove&ent9 is s%""icient "or &a)e8learnin#. T!e researc!ers reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ T!e s&all di""erences in 'ro"icienc, "o%nd b, t!e researc!er did not a''ear to "all into a s,ste&atic 'attern b, #ro%'. .1/ T!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e interaction o" kinest!esia it! at least one ot!er sense is re0%ired "or &a)e8learnin# cannot be r%led o%t on t!e basis o" t!e data above. .C/ It can be deter&ined "ro& t!e data t!at rats !o are de'rived o" one o" t!eir so%rces o" sensor, sti&%lation beco&e &ore reliant on kinest!esia t!an t!e, !ad been9 b%t t!e data do not indicate !o s%c! a trans"erence takes 'lace. .3/ It can be deter&ined "ro& t!e data t!at rats can learn to r%n &a)es b, de'endin# on kinest!esia alone9 b%t t!e 'ossibilit, t!at rats res'ond to non8 kinest!etic sti&%lation is not r%led o%t. .E/ It can be deter&ined "ro& t!e data t!at &a)e8learnin# in rats de'ends on at least t o so%rces o" sensor, sti&%lation9 one o" !ic! is kinest!esia9 b%t !ic! o" t!e re&ainin# so%rces &%st also be e&'lo,ed is not deter&inable. 1@. 2e le#islation o%ld re0%ire a seven8da, aitin# 'eriod in t!e sale o" !and#%ns to 'rivate individ%als9 in order t!at records o" 'risons co%ld be c!ecked and t!e sale o" !and#%ns to 'eo'le likel, to !%rt ot!er 'eo'le t!ereb, 'revented. Feo'le o''osed to t!is le#islation clai& t!at 'rison records are so "%ll o" errors t!at t!e 'ro'osed la o%ld 'revent as &an, la 8abidin# citi)ens as cri&inals "ro& !avin# access to !and#%ns. I" t!e clai& &ade b, 'eo'le o''osed to t!e ne le#islation is tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'rinci'le t!at9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld do t!e &ost to +%sti", o''osition to t!e ne le#islation on t!e basis o" t!at clai&.A/ T!e ri#!ts o" la 8abidin# citi)ens are &ore ort!, o" 'rotection t!an are t!e ri#!ts o" cri&inals. .1/ 2ot!in# s!o%ld be done to restrict 'otential cri&inals at t!e cost o" 'lacin# restrictions on la 8abidin# citi)ens. .C/ Le#islation s!o%ld not be enacted i" no bene"it co%ld accr%e to societ, as a res%lt o" t!at le#islation. .3/ 2o restrictions s!o%ld be 'laced on t!e sale o" &erc!andise %nless sale o" t!at &erc!andise co%ld endan#er innocent 'eo'le. .E/ Even citi)ens !o are neit!er "%#itives nor "elons s!o%ld not be 'er&itted to o n a !and#%n %nless t!e, !ave received ade0%ate trainin#. Questions 1&-1' http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CCG

T!e G%lc!es is an area o" volcanic rock t!at is #as!ed b, &an, c!annels t!at lead do n!ill "ro& t!e site o" a 're!istoric #lacier to a river. T!e c!annels clearl, ere c%t b, r%nnin# ater. It as once acce'ted as "act t!at t!e c%ttin# occ%rred #rad%all,9 as t!e #lacier &elted. 1%t one #eolo#ist t!eori)ed t!at t!e c!annels ere c%t in a s!ort ti&e b, an enor&o%s "lood. T!e c!annels do s!o '!,sical evidence o" !avin# been "or&ed 0%ickl,9 b%t t!e "lood t!eor, as ori#inall, re+ected beca%se scientists kne o" no nat%ral 'rocess t!at co%ld &elt so &%c! ice so 0%ickl,. Farado(icall,9 toda, t!e scienti"ic co&&%nit, acce'ts t!e "lood t!eor, even t!o%#! scientists still do not kno o" a 'rocess t!at can &elt so &%c! ice so 0%ickl,. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e.A/ 7nl, r%nnin# ater can ca%se dee' c!annels in volcanic rock. .1/ T!e river did not e(ist be"ore t!e c!annels ere c%t. .C/ Geolo#ists cannot deter&ine t!e a&o%nt o" !eat re0%ired to &elt a #lacier 0%ickl,. .3/ T!e '!,sical e""ects o" ater on rock var, it! t!e s'eed it! !ic! t!ose e""ects are 'rod%ced. .E/ Geolo#ists are co&'elled to re+ect '!,sical evidence !en it leads to an %ne('lainable concl%sion. 1A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado( in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Ri''les9 !ic! indicate t!at t!e c!annels ere c%t b, ater9 !ave been discovered in t!e "loors o" t!e c!annels. .1/ T!e G%lc!es is kno n to be si&ilar in certain res'ects to &an, ot!er volcanic rock "or&ations. .C/ More t!an one #lacier as 'resent in t!e area d%rin# 're!istoric ti&es. .3/ 4olcanic rock is &ore easil, c%t b, ater t!an are ot!er "or&s o" rock. .E/ Scientists no believe t!at t!e 're!istoric #lacier da&&ed a so%rce o" ater9 created a !%#e lake in t!e 'rocess9 and t!en retreated. 1B. Advertise&ent: Attention 'ond o nersJ 2inet,8ei#!t 'ercent o" &os0%ito larvae in a 'ond die it!in &in%tes a"ter t!e 'ond !as been treated it! 1TI. *et 1TI is not to(ic to "is!9 birds9 ani&als9 'lants9 or bene"icial insects. So b, %sin# 1TI re#%larl, to destro, t!eir larvae9 ,o% can #reatl, red%ce 'o'%lations o" 'esk, &os0%itoes t!at !atc! in ,o%r 'ond9 and ,o% can do so it!o%t di&inis!in# t!e 'o'%lations o" "is!9 "ro#s9 or bene"icial insects in and aro%nd t!e 'ond. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ T!e &ost e""ective a, to control t!e n%&bers o" &os0%itoes in a #iven area is to destro, t!e &os0%ito larvae in t!at area. .1/ Fo'%lations o" &os0%itoes are not de'endent on a sin#le bod, o" ater it!in an area as a 'lace "or t!eir larvae to !atc! and develo'.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CCA

.C/ T!ere are no insect 'ests besides &os0%itoes t!at 'ond o ners &i#!t ant to eli&inate "ro& in and aro%nd t!eir 'ond. .3/ T!e e""ectiveness o" 1TI in destro,in# &os0%ito larvae in a 'ond does not re0%ire t!e 'ond o ners strict ad!erence to s'eci"ic a''lication 'roced%res. .E/ T!e "is!9 "ro#s9 and bene"icial insects in and aro%nd a 'ond8o ners 'ond do not de'end on &os0%ito larvae as an i&'ortant so%rce o" "ood. 1H. Man, 'eo'le c!an#e t!eir ills on t!eir o n ever, "e ,ears9 in res'onse to si#ni"icant c!an#es in t!eir 'ersonal or "inancial circ%&stances. T!is 'ractice can create a 'roble& "or t!e e(ec%tor !en t!ese 'eo'le are careless and do not date t!eir ills: t!e e(ec%tor ill t!en o"ten kno neit!er !ic! one o" several %ndated ills is t!e &ost recent9 nor !et!er t!e ill dra n %' last !as ever been "o%nd. T!ere"ore9 'eo'le s!o%ld not onl, date t!eir ills b%t also state in an, ne ill !ic! ill it s%'ersedes9 "or t!en t!ere o%ld not be a 'roble& to be#in it!. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ treats a 'artial sol%tion to t!e stated 'roble& as t!o%#! it ere a co&'lete sol%tion .1/ "ails to distin#%is! bet een 'revention o" a 'roble& and s%ccess"%l contain&ent o" t!e adverse e""ects t!at t!e 'roble& &i#!t ca%se .C/ 'ro'oses a sol%tion to t!e stated 'roble& t!at does not act%all, solve t!e 'roble& b%t &erel, &akes so&eone else res'onsible "or solvin# t!e 'roble& .3/ clai&s t!at a certain action o%ld be a c!an#e "or t!e better it!o%t e('licitl, considerin# !at ne#ative conse0%ences t!e action &i#!t !ave .E/ 'ro'oses t!at a certain action be based on in"or&ation t!at o%ld be %navailable at t!e ti&e 'ro'osed "or t!at action 5I. So&e "lo erin# 'lant s'ecies9 entirel, de'endent on bees "or 'ollination9 l%re t!eir 'ollinators it! ab%ndant nectar and 'ollen9 !ic! are t!e onl, so%rce o" "ood "or bees. 7"ten t!e 'ollinatin# s'ecies is so !i#!l, ada'ted t!at it can "eed "ro&Kand t!%s 'ollinateKonl, a sin#le s'ecies o" 'lant. Si&ilarl,9 so&e 'lant s'ecies !ave evolved "lo ers t!at onl, a sin#le s'ecies o" bee can 'ollinateKan arran#e&ent t!at 'laces t!e 'lant s'ecies at #reat risk o" e(tinction. I" careless a''lications o" 'esticides destro, t!e 'ollinatin# bee s'ecies9 t!e 'lant s'ecies itsel" can no lon#er re'rod%ce. T!e in"or&ation above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e earliest s'ecies o" "lo erin# 'lants a''eared on Eart! conte&'oraneo%sl, it! t!e earliest bee s'ecies. .1/ I" t!e sole 'ollinator o" a certain 'lant s'ecies is in no dan#er o" e(tinction9 t!e 'lant s'ecies it 'ollinates is also %nlikel, to beco&e e(tinct. .C/ So&e bees are able to #at!er 'ollen and nectar "ro& an, s'ecies o" 'lant. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CCB

.3/ T!e blosso&s o" &ost s'ecies o" "lo erin# 'lants attract so&e s'ecies o" bees and do not attract ot!ers. .E/ T!e total destr%ction o" t!e !abitat o" so&e 'lant s'ecies co%ld ca%se so&e bee s'ecies to beco&e e(tinct. 51. T!e 'ro'er a, to 'lan a scienti"ic 'ro+ect is "irst to decide its #oal and t!en to 'lan t!e best a, to acco&'lis! t!at #oal. T!e =nited States s'ace station 'ro+ect does not con"or& to t!is ideal. 6!en t!e Cold 6ar ended9 t!e 'ro+ect lost its ori#inal '%r'ose9 so anot!er '%r'ose as 0%ickl, #ra"ted onto t!e 'ro+ect9 t!at o" cond%ctin# li&ited8#ravit, e('eri&ents9 even t!o%#! s%c! e('eri&ents can be done in an alternative a,. It is9 t!ere"ore9 ab%ndantl, clear t!at t!e s'ace station s!o%ld not be b%ilt. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ attacks t!e 'ro'onents o" a clai& rat!er t!an ar#%in# a#ainst t!e clai& itsel" .1/ 'res%''oses !at it sets o%t to 'rove .C/ "a%lts 'lanners "or not "oreseein# a certain event9 !en in "act t!at event as not "oreseeable .3/ contains state&ents t!at lead to a sel"8contradiction .E/ concl%des t!at a s!ortco&in# is "atal9 !avin# 'rod%ced evidence onl, o" t!e e(istence o" t!at s!ortco&in# 55. 7nl, an e('ert in so&e branc! o" 's,c!olo#, co%ld %nderstand !, Fatrick is be!avin# irrationall,. 1%t no e('ert is certain o" bein# able to solve so&eone elses 'roble&. Fatrick ants to devise a sol%tion to !is o n be!avioral 'roble&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be validl, dra n "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ Fatrick does not %nderstand !, !e is be!avin# in t!is a,. .1/ Fatrick is not an e('ert in 's,c!olo#,. .C/ Fatrick is not certain o" bein# able to devise a sol%tion to !is o n be!avioral 'roble&. .3/ =nless C!arles is an e('ert in so&e branc! o" 's,c!olo#,9 C!arles s!o%ld not o""er a sol%tion to Fatricks be!avioral 'roble&. .E/ I" C!arles is certain o" bein# able to solve Fatricks be!avioral 'roble&9 t!en C!arles does not %nderstand !, Fatrick is be!avin# in t!is a,. 5<. T!ro%#!o%t E%ro'ean !istor, "a&ines !ave #enerall, been "ollo ed b, 'eriod o" risin# a#es9 beca%se !en a labor "orce is di&inis!ed9 orkers are &ore val%able in accordance it! t!e la o" s%''l, and de&and. T!e Iris! 'otato "a&ine o" t!e 1BCIs is an e(ce'tionD it res%lted in t!e deat! or e&i#ration o" !al" o" Irelands 'o'%lation9 b%t t!ere as no si#ni"icant rise in t!e avera#e a#es in Ireland in t!e "ollo in# decade. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld LEAST contrib%te to an e('lanation o" t!e e(ce'tion to t!e #enerali)ationhttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CCH

.A/ I&'roved &edical care red%ced t!e &ortalit, rate a&on# able8bodied ad%lts in t!e decade "ollo in# t!e "a&ine to belo 're"a&ine levels. .1/ Eviction 'olicies o" t!e lando ners in Ireland ere desi#ned to "orce e&i#ration o" t!e elderl, and in"ir&9 !o co%ld not ork9 and to retain a !i#! 'ercenta#e o" able8bodied orkers. .C/ Advances in tec!nolo#, increased t!e e""icienc, o" ind%str, and a#ric%lt%re9 and so allo ed &aintenance o" econo&ic o%t'%t it! less de&and "or labor. .3/ T!e birt! rate increased d%rin# t!e decade "ollo in# t!e "a&ine9 and t!is co&'ensated "or &%c! o" t!e loss o" 'o'%lation t!at as d%e to t!e "a&ine. .E/ En#land9 !ic! !ad 'olitical control o" Ireland9 le#islated arti"iciall, lo a#es to 'rovide En#lis!8o ned ind%str, and a#ric%lt%re in Ireland it! c!ea' labor. 5C. 6!en t!e rate o" in"lation e(ceeds t!e rate o" ret%rn on t!e &ost 'ro"itable invest&ent available9 t!e di""erence bet een t!ose t o rates ill be t!e 'ercenta#e b, !ic!9 at a &ini&%&9 t!e val%e o" an, invest&ent ill decline. I" in s%c! a circ%&stance t!e val%e o" a 'artic%lar invest&ent declines b, &ore t!an t!at 'ercenta#e. It &%st be tr%e t!at;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# lo#icall, co&'letes t!e ar#%&ent.A/ t!e rate o" in"lation !as risen .1/ t!e invest&ent in 0%estion is beco&in# less 'ro"itable .C/ t!e invest&ent in 0%estion is less 'ro"itable t!an t!e &ost 'ro"itable invest&ent available .3/ t!e rate o" ret%rn on t!e &ost 'ro"itable invest&ent available !as declined .E/ t!ere !as been a c!an#e in !ic! 'artic%lar invest&ent !a''ens to be t!e &ost 'ro"itable available 5@. F!iloso'!er: T!e ei#!teent!8cent%r, t!esis t!at &otion is absol%te asserts t!at t!e c!an#e in an ob+ects 'osition over ti&e co%ld be &eas%red it!o%t re"erence to t!e 'osition o" an, ot!er ob+ect. A ell8res'ected '!,sicist9 !o ever9 clai&s t!at t!is t!esis is inco!erent. Since a t!esis t!at is inco!erent cannot be acce'ted as a descri'tion o" realit,9 &otion cannot be absol%te. T!e ar#%&ent %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative tec!ni0%es.A/ atte&'tin# to 'ers%ade b, t!e &ere %se o" tec!nical ter&inolo#, .1/ %sin# e('eri&ental res%lts to +%sti", a c!an#e in de"inition .C/ rel,in# on t!e a%t!orit, o" an e('ert to s%''ort a 're&ise .3/ in"errin# "ro& !at !as been observed to be t!e case %nder e('eri&ental conditions to !at is in 'rinci'le tr%e .E/ #enerali)in# "ro& !at is tr%e in one re#ion o" s'ace to !at &%st be tr%e in all re#ions o" s'ace

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@I

TEST 12
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

Question 1-! 1. Sea t%rtles nest onl, at t!eir o n birt!'laces. A"ter !atc!in# on t!e beac!9 t!e t%rtles enter t!e ater to be#in t!eir "ar8ran#in# &i#ration9 onl, ret%rnin# to t!eir birt!'lace to nest so&e 1@ to <I ,ears later. It !as been !,'ot!esi)ed t!at ne born sea t%rtles learn t!e s&ell o" t!eir environ&ent9 and it is t!is s&ell t!at sti&%lates t!e t%rtles to ret%rn to nest. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld cast t!e &ost serio%s do%bt on t!e !,'ot!esis in t!e 'assa#e.A/ 1eac!es on !ic! sea t%rtles nest tend to be in secl%ded locations s%c! as on islands. .1/ Sea t%rtles e('osed to a variet, o" environ&ents %nder e('eri&ental conditions 're"erred t!e environ&ent t!at contained sand "or& t!eir o n birt!'laces. .C/ Electronic ta#s attac!ed to sea t%rtles did not alter t!eir nestin# 'atterns. .3/ =nlike ot!er t,'es o" t%rtles9 sea t%rtles !ave a ell8develo'ed sense o" s&ell. .E/ Sea t%rtles t!at !ave t!eir sense o" s&ell destro,ed b, e('os%re to 'etrole%& 'rod%cts ret%rned to nest at t!eir o n birt!'laces. 5. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld be &ost i&'ortant to kno in eval%atin# t!e !,'ot!esis in t!e 'assa#es.A/ !o lon# t!e e('ected li"e s'an o" sea t%rtles .1/ !at t!e &a(i&%& &i#ration ran#e o" t!e sea t%rtles is .C/ !et!er &an, beac!es on !ic! sea t%rtles ere !atc!ed !ave since been destro,ed b, develo'&ent .3/ be"ore ret%rnin# to t!e nest9 sea t%rtles are o%tside t!e area !ere t!e s&ell o" t!eir birt!'lace o%ld be 'erce'tible .E/ !et!er bot! se( o" sea t%rtles are activel, involved in t!e nestin# 'rocess <. $or J%anita to #et to t!e )oo s!e &%st take eit!er t!e n%&ber 15 b%s or else t!e s%b a,. Ever,one kno s t!at t!e n%&ber 15 b%s is not r%nnin# t!is eekD so alt!o%#! J%anita #enerall, avoids %sin# t!e s%b a,9 s!e &%st !ave %sed it toda,9 since s!e as seen at t!e )oo t!is a"ternoon. T!e &et!od o" t!e ar#%&ent is to

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@1

.A/ assert t!at i" so&et!in# is tr%e9 it ill be kno n to be tr%e .1/ de&onstrate t!at certain 'ossibilities are not e(cl%sive .C/ s!o t!at so&et!in# is t!e case b, r%lin# o%t t!e onl, alternative .3/ e('lain !, an a''arent e(ce'tion to a #eneral r%le is not a real .E/ s%bstit%tes a clai& abo%t !at invariabl, occ%rs "or a clai& abo%t !at t,'icall, occ%rs C. I" t!e re#%lation o" co&'%ter net orks is to be &odeled on 'ast le#islation9 t!en its &odel &%st be eit!er le#islation re#%latin# a tele'!one s,ste& or else le#islation re#%latin# a '%blic broadcastin# service. I" t!e tele'!one &odel is %sed9 co&'%ter net orks ill be !eld res'onsible onl, "or ens%rin# t!at &essa#es #et trans&itted. I" t!e '%blic broadcast &odel is %sed9 co&'%ter net orks ill additionall, be res'onsible "or t!e content o" t!ose &essa#es. *et a co&'%ter net ork serves bot! t!ese sorts o" "%nctions: it can serve as a 'rivate &essa#e service or as a '%blicl, accessible in"or&ation service. T!%s neit!er o" t!ese &odels can be a''ro'riate "or co&'%ter net orks. T!e 'assa#e is str%ct%red to lead to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ Re#%lation o" co&'%ter net orks is re0%ired in order to ens%re t!e 'rivac, o" t!e &essa#es trans&itted t!ro%#! s%c! net orks. .1/ T!e re#%lation o" co&'%ter net orks s!o%ld not be &odeled on an, sin#le 'iece o" 'ast le#islation. .C/ Co&'%ter net orks ere develo'ed b, bein# &odeled on bot! tele'!one s,ste&s and television net orks. .3/ Le#islators !o do not !ave e(tensive e('erience it! co&'%ters s!o%ld not atte&'t to rite le#islation re#%latin# co&'%ter net orks. .E/ A co&'%ter net ork &erel, d%'licates t!e "%nctions o" a tele'!one s,ste&s and a television s,ste&. @. T!e #overn&ent !as 'ro'osed a 'lan re0%irin# ,o%n# 'eo'le to 'er"or& services to correct vario%s c%rrent social ills9 es'eciall, t!ose in ed%cation and !o%sin#. Govern&ent service9 !o ever9 s!o%ld be co&'elled onl, in res'onse to a direct t!reat to t!e nations e(istence. $or t!at reason9 t!e 'ro'osed 'ro#ra& s!o%ld not be i&'le&ented. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e #overn&ent de'ends.A/ Govern&ent8re0%ired service b, ,o%n# 'eo'le cannot correct all social ills. .1/ T!e nations e(istence is directl, t!reatened onl, in ti&es o" "orei#n attack. .C/ Crises in ed%cation and !o%sin# constit%te a t!reat to t!e nations e(istence. .3/ T!e nations ,o%n# 'eo'le believe t!at c%rrent social ills 'ose no direct t!reat to t!e nations e(istence. .E/ So&e o" t!e social ills t!at c%rrentl, a""lict t!e nation do not 'ose a direct t!reat to t!e nations e(istence. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@5

G.

Ci#arette s&okin# !as been s!o n to be a !ealt! !a)ardD t!ere"ore9 #overn&ents s!o%ld ban all advertise&ents t!at 'ro&ote s&okin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 &ast stron#l, s%''orts t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Advertise&ents s!o%ld not be allo ed to s!o 'eo'le doin# t!in#s t!at endan#er t!eir !ealt!. .1/ Advertisers s!o%ld not &ake &isleadin# clai&s abo%t t!e !ealt!"%lness o" t!eir 'rod%cts. .C/ Advertise&ents s!o%ld disclose t!e !ealt! !a)ards associated it! t!e 'rod%cts t!e, 'ro&ote. .3/ All 'rod%cts s!o%ld con"or& to strict #overn&ent !ealt! and sa"et, standards. .E/ Advertise&ents s!o%ld 'ro&ote onl, !ealt!"%l 'rod%cts.

A.

Ever, ad%lt &ale ooll, &onke, is lar#er t!an even t!e lar#est "e&ale ooll, &onke,. In colonies o" ooll, &onke,s9 an, ad%lt &ale ill do&inate an, "e&ale. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st on t!e basis o" t!e& be tr%e o" ooll, &onke,s in colonies.A/ Si)e is t!e 'ri&ar, deter&inant o" relations o" do&inance a&on# ooll, &onke,s. .1/ So&e lar#e adolescent &ale ooll, &onke,s do&inate so&e s&aller "e&ales o" t!e s'ecies. .C/ I" a &ale ooll, &onke, is lar#er t!an a "e&ale o" t!e s'ecies9 t!at &ale ill do&inate t!at "e&ale. .3/ I" a "e&ale ooll, &onke, do&inates a &ale o" t!e s'ecies9 t!e do&inated &ale &onke, is not an ad%lt. .E/ An ad%lt &ale ooll, &onke, can do&inate a "e&ale o" t!e s'ecies onl, i" t!at "e&ale is also an ad%lt.

B.

S: 7%r nation is beco&in# too averse to risk. 6e bo,cott an, "ood re'orted to contain a to(ic c!e&ical9 even t!o%#! t!e risk9 as a &at!e&atical ratio9 &i#!t be &ini&al. 6it! t!is &entalit,9 Col%&b%s o%ld never !ave sailed est. T: A risk8taker in one conte(t can be risk8averse in anot!er: t!e sa&e 'erson can drive recklessl,9 b%t re"%se to eat "ood not #ro n or#anicall,. T res'onds to S b, s!o in# t!at .A/ a distinction s!o%ld be &ade bet een avoidable and %navoidable risks .1/ aversion to risk cannot be reliabl, assessed it!o%t re"erence to conte(t .C/ t!ere is con"%sion abo%t risk in t!e &inds o" &an, &e&bers o" t!e '%blic .3/ &at!e&atical odds concernin# risk #ive an %n arranted i&'ression o" 'recision http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@<

.E/ risk cannot be de"ined in relation to 'erceived 'robable bene"it H. An, anno%nce&ent a%t!ori)ed b, t!e !ead o" t!e de'art&ent is i&'ortant. :o ever9 anno%nce&ents are so&eti&es iss%ed9 it!o%t a%t!ori)ation9 b, 'eo'le ot!er t!an t!e !ead o" t!e de'art&ent9 so so&e anno%nce&ents ill inevitabl, t%rn o%t not to be i&'ortant. T!e reasonin# is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ does not s'eci", e(actl, !ic! co&&%nications are to be classi"ied as anno%nce&ents .1/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at 'eo'le ot!er t!an t!e !ead o" t!e de'art&ent !ave t!e a%t!orit, to a%t!ori)e anno%nce&ents .C/ leaves o'en t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e !ead o" t!e de'art&ent never9 in "act9 a%t!ori)es an, anno%nce&ents .3/ ass%&es it!o%t arrant t!at +%st beca%se satis",in# a #iven condition is eno%#! to ens%re an anno%nce&ents i&'ortance9 satis",in# t!at condition is necessar, "or its i&'ortance .E/ "ails to distin#%is! bet een t!e i&'ortance o" t!e 'osition so&eone !olds and t!e i&'ortance o" !at t!at 'erson &a, act%all, be anno%ncin# on a 'artic%lar occasion Questions 10-11 T!e labelin# o" ot!er ise !i#!8calorie "oods as >s%#ar8"ree9? based on t!e re'lace&ent o" all s%#ar b, arti"icial s eeteners9 s!o%ld be 'ro!ibited b, la . S%c! a 'ro!ibition is indicated beca%se &an, cons%&ers !o need to lose ei#!t ill inter'ret t!e label >s%#ar8"ree? as s,non,&o%s it! >lo in calories? and !ar& t!e&selves b, b%ildin# ei#!t8loss diets aro%nd "oods labeled >s%#ar8"ree.? Man%"act%rers o" s%#ar8"ree "oods are ell a are o" t!is tendenc, on t!e 'art o" cons%&ers. 1I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 &ost !el's to +%sti", t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Frod%ct labels t!at are literall, incorrect s!o%ld be 'ro!ibited b, la 9 even i" reliance on t!ose labels is not likel, to ca%se !ar& to cons%&ers. .1/ Frod%ct labels t!at are literall, incorrect9 b%t in s%c! an obvio%s &anner t!at no rational cons%&er o%ld rel, on t!e&9 s!o%ld nevert!eless be 'ro!ibited b, la . .C/ Frod%ct labels t!at are literall, correct b%t cannot be inter'reted b, t!e avera#e b%,er o" t!e 'rod%ct it!o%t e('ert !el' s!o%ld be 'ro!ibited b, la . .3/ Frod%ct labels t!at are literall, correct b%t ill 'redictabl, be &isinter'reted b, so&e b%,ers o" t!e 'rod%ct to t!eir o n !ar& s!o%ld be 'ro!ibited b, la .

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@C

.E/ Frod%ct labels t!at are literall, correct9 b%t onl, on one o" t o e0%all, acc%rate inter'retations9 s!o%ld be 'ro!ibited b, la i" b%,ers tend to inter'ret t!e label in t!e a, t!at does not &atc! t!e 'rod%cts act%al 'ro'erties. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e stron#est basis "or c!allen#in# t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ $ood &an%"act%rers o%ld res'ond to a ban on t!e label >s%#ar8"ree? b, red%cin# t!e calories in s%#ar8"ree 'rod%cts b, eno%#! to be able to 'ro&ote t!ose 'rod%cts as diet "oods. .1/ Individ%als !o are diabetic need to be able to identi", 'rod%cts t!at contain no s%#ar b, re"erence to 'rod%ct labels t!at e('ressl, state t!at t!e 'rod%ct contains no s%#ar. .C/ Cons%&ers are so&eti&es slo to notice c!an#es in 'rod%ct labels %nless t!ose c!an#es are t!e&selves ell advertised. .3/ Cons%&ers !o !ave c!osen a 'artic%lar ei#!t8loss diet tend to 'ersist it! t!is diet i" t!e, !ave been arned not to e('ect ver, 0%ick res%lts. .E/ E(actl, !at a''ears on a 'rod%ct label is less i&'ortant to cons%&er be!avior t!an is t!e relative vis%al 'ro&inence o" t!e di""erent 'ieces o" in"or&ation t!at t!e label contains. 15. In t!e Centerville 1otanical Gardens9 all t%li' trees are older t!an an, &a'les. A &a+orit,9 b%t not all9 o" t!e #ardens s,ca&ores are older t!an an, o" its &a'les. All t!e #ardens &a'les are older t!an an, o" its do# oods. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e o" trees in t!e Centerville 1otanical Gardens.A/ So&e do# oods are as old as t!e ,o%n#est t%li' trees. .1/ So&e do# oods are as old as t!e ,o%n#est s,ca&ores. .C/ So&e s,ca&ores are not as old as t!e oldest do# oods. .3/ So&e t%li' trees are not as old as t!e oldest s,ca&ores. .E/ So&e s,ca&ores are not as old as t!e ,o%n#est t%li' trees. 1<. E&issions "ro& a%to&obiles t!at b%rn #asoline and a%to&obiles t!at b%rn diesel "%el are t!reatenin# t!e 0%alit, o" li"e on o%r 'lanet9 conta&inatin# bot! %rban air and #lobal at&os'!ere. T!ere"ore9 t!e onl, e""ective a, to red%ce s%c! e&issions is to re'lace t!e conventional diesel "%el and #asoline %sed in a%to&obiles it! cleaner8b%rnin# "%els9 s%c! as &et!anol9 t!at create "e er e&issions. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Red%cin# t!e %se o" a%to&obiles o%ld not be a &ore e""ective &eans to red%ce a%to&obile e&issions t!an t!e %se o" &et!anol. .1/ T!ere is no "%el ot!er t!an &et!anol t!at is cleaner8b%rnin# t!an bot! diesel http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@@

"%el and #asoline. .C/ I" #iven a c!oice o" a%to&obile "%els9 a%to&obile o ners o%ld not select #asoline over &et!anol. .3/ A%to&obile e&issions constit%te t!e &ost serio%s t!reat to t!e #lobal environ&ent. .E/ At an, #iven ti&e t!ere is a direct correlation bet een t!e level o" %rban air 'oll%tion and t!e level o" conta&ination 'resent in t!e #lobal at&os'!ere. 1C. 3r. Libokov: Certain islands near 2e Qealand are !o&e to t!e t%atara9 re'tiles t!at are t!e sole s%rvivin# &e&bers o" t!e s'!enodontidans. S'!enodontidans ere 'lenti"%l t!ro%#!o%t t!e orld d%rin# t!e a#e o" t!e dinosa%rs. 1%t t!e s%rvival o" s'!enodontidans near 2e Qealand9 and t!eir total disa''earance else !ere9 is no &,ster,. 2e Qealand and nearb, islands !ave no native land &a&&als. Land &a&&als9 'lenti"%l else !ere9 %ndo%btedl, beca&e &a+or 'redators o" s'!enodontidans and t!eir e##s9 leadin# to t!eir e(tinction. 3r. Santos: In "act9 t!e t%atara t!rive onl, on a "e islands near 2e Qealand. 7n all t!ose !ere land &a&&als9 s%c! as rats9 do#s9 or cats9 !ave been introd%ced in recent ,ears9 t!e t%atara are no e(tinct or nearl, so. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, c!aracteri)es 3r. Santos res'onse to t!e !,'ot!esis advanced b, 3r. Libokov.A/ It identi"ies a "la in 3r. Libokovs reasonin#. .1/ It restates 3r. Libokovs &a+or !,'ot!esis and t!%s adds not!in# to it. .C/ It contradicts one o" 3r. Libokovs assertions. .3/ It o""ers a !,'ot!esis t!at is inco&'atible it! 3r. Libokovs 'osition. .E/ It 'rovides additional evidence in s%''ort o" 3r. Libokovs !,'ot!esis. 1@. A standard 'roble& "or co&'%ter sec%rit, is t!at 'ass ords t!at !ave to be t,'ed on a co&'%ter ke,board are co&'arativel, eas, "or %na%t!ori)ed %sers to steal or #%ess. A ne s,ste& t!at relies on reco#ni)in# t!e voices o" a%t!ori)ed %sers a''arentl, avoids t!is 'roble&. In a s&all initial trial9 t!e s,ste& never incorrectl, acce'ted so&eone seekin# access to t!e co&'%ters data. Clearl,9 i" t!is res%lt can be re'eated in an o'erational settin#9 t!en t!ere ill be a a, o" #ivin# access to t!ose 'eo'le !o are entitled to access and to no one else. T!e reasonin# above is "la ed beca%se it .A/ &akes a "a%lt, co&'arison9 in t!at a sec%rit, s,ste& based on voice reco#nition o%ld not be e('ected to s%""er "ro& t!e sa&e 'roble&s as one t!at relied on 'ass ords entered "ro& a ke,board .1/ bases a #eneral concl%sion on a s&all a&o%nt o" data .C/ "ails to reco#ni)e t!at a sec%rit, s,ste& based on voice reco#nition co%ld easil, !ave a''lications ot!er t!an co&'%ter sec%rit, .3/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e s,ste& so&eti&es denies access to 'eo'le !o are entitled to access http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@G

.E/ states its concl%sion in a !eavil, 0%ali"ied a, 1G. 1od, te&'erat%re varies over a 5C8!o%r 'eriod9 it! a lo 'oint ro%#!l, bet een C a.&. and @ a.&. S'eed o" reaction varies in line it! bod, te&'erat%re9 s%c! t!at !enever bod, te&'erat%re is lo 9 s'eed o" reaction is lo . I" lo bod, te&'erat%re ca%sed slo reaction9 t!e s'eed o" reaction s!o%ld increase i" e arti"iciall, raised bod, te&'erat%re d%rin# t!e 'eriod C a.&. to @ a.&. 1%t t!e s'eed o" reaction does not increase. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can 'ro'erl, be dra n "ro& t!e above state&ents.A/ Lo s'eeds o" reaction ca%se lo bod, te&'erat%re. .1/ Lo s'eeds o" reaction do not ca%se lo bod, te&'erat%re. .C/ Lo bod, te&'erat%res do not ca%se lo s'eeds o" reaction. .3/ Lo bod, te&'erat%res ca%se lo s'eeds o" reaction. .E/ Arti"iciall, raisin# bod, te&'erat%re ca%ses increased s'eed o" reaction. 1A. 7" t!e t o 'ro'osals "or solvin# t!e tra""ic 'roble&s on Main Street9 C!ens 'lan is better "or t!e cit, as a !ole9 as is clear "ro& t!e "act t!at t!e 'rinci'al s%''orter o" Ri'le,s 'lan is S&it! Stores. S&it! Stores9 it! its !i#!l, 'aid cons%ltants9 kno s !ere its o n interest lies and9 &oreover9 !as s%''orted its o n interests in t!e 'ast9 even to t!e detri&ent o" t!e cit, as a !ole. T!e "a%lt, reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost 'arallel to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ S%rel, Centreville s!o%ld o''ose ado'tion o" t!e re#ional 'lannin# co&&issions ne 'lan since it is not in Centrevilles interest9 even t!o%#! it &i#!t be in t!e interest o" so&e to ns in t!e re#ion. .1/ T!e sc!ool board s!o%ld s%''ort t!e 'lan "or t!e ne !i#! sc!ool since t!is 'lan as reco&&ended b, t!e ell80%ali"ied cons%ltants !o& t!e sc!ool board !ired at #reat e('ense. .C/ 7" t!e t o b%d#et 'ro'osals9 t!e &a,ors is clearl, 're"erable to t!e cit, co%ncils9 since t!e &a,ors b%d#et addresses t!e needs o" t!e cit, as a !ole9 !ereas t!e cit, co%ncil is 'rotectin# s'ecial interests. .3/ 2o&%ra is clearl, a better candidate "or colle#e 'resident t!an Miller9 since 2o&%ra !as t!e s%''ort o" t!e t!ree deans !o best %nderstand t!e 'residents +ob and it! !o& t!e 'resident ill !ave to ork &ost closel,. .E/ T!e 'lanned li#!t8rail s,ste& ill clearl, serve s%b%rban areas ell9 since its &ain o''onent is t!e cit, #overn&ent9 !ic! !as al a,s i#nored t!e needs o" t!e s%b%rbs and so%#!t onl, to 'rotect t!e interests o" t!e cit,. Questions 18-19 T!e "or&at o" net ork television ne s 'ro#ra&s #enerall, allo s advocates o" a 'oint o" vie onl, <I seconds to conve, t!eir &essa#e. Conse0%entl,9 re#%lar http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@A

atc!ers beco&e acc%sto&ed to t!inkin# o" iss%es in ter&s onl, o" slo#ans and catc! '!rases9 and so t!e e('ectation o" care"%l disc%ssion o" '%blic iss%es #rad%all, disa''ears "ro& t!eir a areness. T!e "or&at o" ne s'a'er stories9 on t!e ot!er !and9 leads readers to '%rs%e details o" stories !eaded b, t!e &ost i&'ortant "acts and so !as t!e o''osite e""ect on re#%lar readersKt!at o" &aintainin# t!e e('ectation o" care"%l disc%ssion o" '%blic iss%es. T!ere"ore9 in contrast to re#%lar ne s'a'er readin#9 re#%lar atc!in# o" net ork television ne s 'ro#ra&s increases t!e tendenc, to t!ink o" '%blic iss%es in oversi&'li"ied ter&s. 1B. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 4ie ers o" net ork television ne s 'ro#ra&s o%ld be interested in seein# advocates o" o''osin# vie s 'resent t!eir 'ositions at len#t!. .1/ Since it is not 'ossible to 'resent strikin# i&a#es t!at o%ld s,&boli)e events "or vie ers9 and since i&a#es !old s a, over ords in television9 television &%st oversi&'li",. .C/ It is not 'ossible "or television to 'resent '%blic iss%es in a a, t!at allo s "or t!e n%anced 'resentation o" diverse vie s and a #ood8"ait! interc!an#e bet een advocates o" o''osin# vie s. .3/ In net ork television ne s re'orts9 it is not %s%al "or a re'orter to o""er additional "act%al evidence and back#ro%nd in"or&ation to develo' a stor, in !ic! o''osin# vie s are 'resented brie"l, b, t!eir advocates. .E/ Television ne s re'orters introd%ce &ore o" t!eir o n biases into ne s stories t!an do ne s'a'er re'orters. 1H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Re#%lar atc!ers o" net ork television ne s 'ro#ra&s are &%c! &ore likel, t!an ot!er 'eo'le to be !abit%al readers o" ne s'a'ers. .1/ Incl%din# an, <I8second 0%otations "ro& 'ro'onents o" diverse vie s9 t!e total a&o%nt o" ti&e devoted to a sin#le to'ic on re#%lar net ork television ne s 'ro#ra&s avera#es less t!an one and a !al" &in%tes. .C/ T!e "or&at o" net ork television ne s 'ro#ra&s does not incl%de ro%ndtable disc%ssion o" iss%es a&on# in"or&ed 'ro'onents o" diverse vie s. .3/ Television ne s re'orts tend to devote e0%al ti&e to disc%ssion o" o''osin# vie s. .E/ Feo'le !o atc! t!e &ost television9 &eas%red in avera#e n%&ber o" !o%rs o" atc!in# 'er eek9 tend not to be re#%lar readers o" ne s'a'ers. Questions !0-!1 A recent re'ort on an environ&ental i&'rove&ent 'ro#ra& as critici)ed "or "oc%sin# solel, on 'ra#&atic sol%tions to t!e lar#e n%&ber o" si#ni"icant 'roble&s t!at 'la#%e t!e 'ro#ra& instead o" serio%sl, tr,in# to 'rod%ce a co!erent vision "or t!e "%t%re o" t!e 'ro#ra&. In res'onse t!e re'orts a%t!ors #ranted t!at t!e critics !ad raised a valid 'oint b%t e('lained t!at9 to do an,t!in# at all9 t!e 'ro#ra& needed contin%ed http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@B

#overn&ent "%ndin#9 and t!at to #et s%c! "%ndin# t!e 'ro#ra& "irst needed to re#ain a re'%tation "or co&'etence. 5I. T!e basic 'osition taken b, t!e re'orts a%t!ors on t!e criticis& leveled a#ainst t!e re'ort is t!at .A/ addressin# t!e critics concern no .1/ t!e critics &otives are sel"8servin# .C/ t!e notion o" a co!erent vision o%ld be ina''ro'riate to a 'ro#ra& o" t!e sort at iss%e .3/ t!e a%t!ors o" t!e re'ort are &ore kno led#eable t!an its critics .E/ #ivin# t!e re'ort a sin#le "oc%s is less desirable t!an t!e critics clai& 51. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld best serve t!e critics o" t!e re'ort in t!eir atte&'t to %nder&ine t!e 'osition taken b, t!e re'orts a%t!ors.A/ T!e #overn&ent does not act%all, 'rovide a "%ll lII 'ercent o" t!e 'ro#ra&s "%ndin#. .1/ T!e 'ro#ra& ill contin%e to !ave n%&ero%s serio%s 'roble&s 'recisel, beca%se it lacks a co!erent vision "or its "%t%re. .C/ T!e 'ro#ra& !ad a co!erent vision at its ince'tion9 b%t t!at vision !as 'roved i&'ossible to s%stain. .3/ T!e #overn&ent !as t!reatened to c%t o"" "%ndin# "or t!e 'ro#ra& b%t !as not acted ,et on t!is t!reat. .E/ T!e 'ro#ra& !as ac0%ired a orse re'%tation "or inco&'etence t!an it deserves. 55. 7il co&'an, re'resentative: 6e s'ent &ore &one, on cleanin# t!e otters a""ected b, o%r recent oil s'ill t!an !as been s'ent on an, 'revio%s &arine &a&&al resc%e 'ro+ect. T!is s!o s o%r concern "or t!e environ&ent. Environ&entalist: *o% !ave no s%c! concern. *o%r real concern is evident in ,o%r ad&ission to t!e 'ress t!at ne s '!oto#ra'!s o" oil8covered otters o%ld be 'artic%larl, da&a#in# to ,o%r '%blic i&a#e9 !ic! 'la,s an i&'ortant role in ,o%r level o" sales. T!e environ&entalists concl%sion o%ld be 'ro'erl, dra n i" it ere tr%e t!at t!e .A/ oil co&'an, cannot !ave &ore t!an one &otive "or cleanin# t!e otters a""ected b, t!e oil s'ill .1/ otter 'o'%lation in t!e area o" t!e oil s'ill co%ld not !ave s%rvived it!o%t t!e cleanin# 'ro+ect .C/ oil co&'an, !as al a,s s!o n a !i#! re#ard "or its 'ro"its in c!oosin# its co%rses o" action .3/ #overn&ent o%ld !ave s'ent t!e &one, to clean t!e otters i" t!e oil co&'an, !ad not a#reed to do it http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj o%ld be 're&at%re

GMAT & LSAT CR

C@H

.E/ oil co&'an,s e""orts to ard cleanin# t!e a""ected otters !ave been &ore s%ccess"%l t!an !ave s%c! e""orts in 'revio%s 'ro+ects to clean %' oil s'ills 5<. A #ro%' o" scientists st%d,in# calci%& &etabolis& in laborator, rats discovered t!at re&ovin# t!e rats 'arat!,roid #lands res%lted in t!e rats !avin# s%bstantiall, lo er t!an nor&al levels o" calci%& in t!eir blood. T!is discover, led t!e scientists to !,'ot!esi)e t!at t!e "%nction o" t!e 'arat!,roid #land is to re#%late t!e level o" calci%& in t!e blood b, raisin# t!at level !en it "alls belo t!e nor&al ran#e. In a "%rt!er e('eri&ent9 t!e scientists re&oved not onl, t!e 'arat!,roid #land b%t also t!e adrenal #land "ro& rats. T!e, &ade t!e s%r'risin# discover, t!at t!e level o" calci%& in t!e rats blood decreased &%c! less s!ar'l, t!an !en t!e 'arat!,roid #land alone as re&oved. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 e('lains t!e s%r'risin# discover, in a a, &ost consistent it! t!e scientists !,'ot!esis.A/ T!e adrenal #land acts to lo er t!e level o" calci%& in t!e blood. .1/ T!e adrenal #land and t!e 'arat!,roid #land 'la, t!e sa&e role in re#%latin# calci%& blood levels. .C/ T!e absence o" a 'arat!,roid #land ca%ses t!e adrenal #land to increase t!e level o" calci%& in t!e blood. .3/ I" t!e adrenal #land9 and no ot!er #land9 o" a rat ere re&oved9 t!e rats calci%& level o%ld re&ain stable. .E/ T!e onl, "%nction o" t!e 'arat!,roid #land is to re#%late t!e level o" calci%& in t!e blood. 5C. Since Ma,or 3rabble al a,s re'a,s !er 'olitical debts as soon as 'ossible9 s!e ill al&ost certainl, a''oint Lee to be t!e ne !ead o" t!e arts co&&ission. Lee !as anted t!at +ob "or a lon# ti&e9 and 3rabble o es Lee a lot "or !is s%''ort in t!e last election. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Ma,or 3rabble !as no 'olitical debt t!at is bot! o" lon#er standin# t!an t!e one s!e o es to Lee and co%ld as s%itabl, be re'aid b, an a''oint&ent to be t!e ne !ead o" t!e arts co&&ission. .1/ T!ere is no one to !o& Ma,or 3rabble o es a #reater 'olitical debt "or s%''ort in t!e last election t!an t!e 'olitical debt s!e o es to Lee. .C/ Lee is t!e onl, 'erson to !o& Ma,or 3rabble o es a 'olitical debt !o o%ld be illin# to acce't an a''oint&ent "ro& !er as t!e ne !ead o" t!e arts co&&ission. .3/ 6!et!er Lee is 0%ali"ied to !ead t!e arts co&&ission is irrelevant to Ma,or 3rabbles decision. .E/ T!e onl, a, t!at Ma,or 3rabble can ade0%atel, re'a, !er 'olitical debt to Lee is b, a''ointin# !i& to !ead t!e arts co&&ission. 5@. T!e "act t!at tobacco s&oke in!aled b, s&okers !ar&s t!e s&okers does not http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CGI

'rove t!at t!e &%c! s&aller a&o%nt o" tobacco s&oke in!aled b, nons&okers !o s!are livin# s'ace it! s&okers !ar&s t!e nons&okers to so&e de#ree. Man, s%bstances9 s%c! as vita&in A9 are to(ic in lar#e 0%antities b%t bene"icial in s&all 0%antities. In !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e 'attern o" reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e "act t!at a lar#e concentration o" bleac! ill &ake "abric ver, !ite does not 'rove t!at a s&all concentration o" bleac! ill &ake "abric so&e !at !ite. T!e e""ect o" a s&all concentration o" bleac! &a, be too sli#!t to c!an#e t!e color o" t!e "abric. .1/ Alt!o%#! a !ealt!"%l diet s!o%ld incl%de a certain a&o%nt o" "iber9 it does not "ollo t!at a diet t!at incl%des lar#e a&o%nts o" "iber is &ore !ealt!"%l t!an one t!at incl%des s&aller a&o%nts o" "iber. Too &%c! "iber can inter"ere it! 'ro'er di#estion. .C/ T!e "act t!at lar#e a&o%nts o" c!e&ical "ertili)ers can kill 'lants does not 'rove t!at c!e&ical "ertili)ers are #enerall, !ar&"%l to 'lants. It 'roves onl, t!at t!e 0%antit, o" c!e&ical "ertili)er %sed s!o%ld be ad+%sted accordin# to t!e needs o" t!e 'lants and t!e n%trients alread, in t!e soil. .3/ $ro& t!e "act t!at "ive 'ro"essional taste testers "o%nd a ne cereal 'rod%ct tast,9 it does not "ollo t!at ever,one ill like it. Man, 'eo'le "ind broccoli a tast, "ood9 b%t ot!er 'eo'le !ave a stron# dislike "or t!e taste o" broccoli. .E/ Alt!o%#! atc!in# television "or !al" o" ever, da, o%ld be a aste o" ti&e9 atc!in# television brie"l, ever, da, is not necessaril, even a s&all aste o" ti&e. A"ter all9 it o%ld be a aste to slee' !al" o" ever, da,9 b%t so&e slee' ever, da, is necessar,. 5G. 6!, s!o%ld t!e #overn&ent9 rat!er t!an ind%str, or %niversities9 'rovide t!e &one, to '%t a net ork o" s%'erco&'%ters in 'lace- 1eca%se t!ere is a ran#e o" 'roble&s t!at can be attacked onl, it! t!e &assive data8&ana#in# ca'acit, o" a s%'erco&'%ter net ork. 2o b%siness or %niversit, !as t!e reso%rces to '%rc!ase b, itsel" eno%#! &ac!ines "or a !ole net ork9 and no b%siness or %niversit, ants to invest in a 'art o" a net ork i" no &ec!anis& e(ists "or coordinatin# establis!&ent o" t!e net ork as a !ole. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# indicates a eakness in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It does not "%rnis! a a, in !ic! t!e dile&&a concernin# t!e establis!&ent o" t!e net ork can be resolved. .1/ It does not establis! t!e i&'ossibilit, o" creatin# a s%'erco&'%ter net ork as an international net ork. .C/ It "ails to address t!e 0%estion o" !o o%ld &aintain t!e net ork i" t!e #overn&ent9 rat!er t!an ind%str, or %niversities9 'rovides t!e &one, "or establis!in# it. .3/ It takes "or #ranted and it!o%t +%sti"ication t!at it o%ld en!ance national http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CG1

'ree&inence in science "or t!e #overn&ent to 'rovide t!e net ork. .E/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at b%sinesses or %niversities9 or bot!9 co%ld coo'erate to b%ild t!e net ork. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Me#atras! Co.9 t!e co%ntr,s lar#est aste8dis'osal co&'an,9 !as been s%ed b, environ&ental #ro%'s !o !ave acc%sed t!e "ir& o" ne#li#ent !andlin# o" !a)ardo%s aste. T!e "ines and le#al "ees t!at !ave res%lted "ro& t!e le#al attacks a#ainst Me#atras! !ave cost t!e co&'an, s%bstantial a&o%nts o" &one,. S%r'risin#l,9 as s%ccess"%l la s%its a#ainst t!e co&'an, !ave increased in n%&ber9 t!e co&'an, !as #ro n stron#er and &ore 'ro"itable. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does t!e &ost to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado(.A/ Alt!o%#! aste8dis'osal "ir&s &erel, !andle b%t do not #enerate to(ic aste9 t!ese "ir&s !ave been !eld le#all, res'onsible "or environ&ental da&a#e ca%sed b, t!is aste. .1/ Me#atras! !as &ade s%bstantial contrib%tions to environ&ental ca%ses9 as !ave ot!er lar#e aste8dis'osal co&'anies. .C/ So&e o" t!e +%d#&ents a#ainst Me#atras! !ave le#all, barred it "ro& enterin# t!e &ore 'ro"itable areas o" t!e aste8&ana#e&ent b%siness. .3/ T!e e(a&'le o" Me#atras!s le#al entan#le&ents !as driven &ost o" t!e co&'an,s co&'etitors "ro& t!e "ield and deterred 'otential rivals "ro& enterin# it. .E/ In cases in !ic! Me#atras! !as been ac0%itted o" c!ar#es o" ne#li#ence9 t!e co&'an, !as 'aid &ore in le#al "ees t!an it o%ld !ave been likel, to 'a, in "ines.

5.

Le is: T!ose !o do not learn "ro& 'ast &istakesKt!eir o n and t!ose o" ot!ers Kare conde&ned to re'eat t!e&. In order to bene"it "ro& t!e lessons o" !istor,9 !o ever9 e "irst !ave to kno !istor,. T!at is !, t!e ac0%isition o" broad !istorical kno led#e is so i&'ortant. Morris: T!e tro%ble is t!at t!e 'ast is in"initel, vario%s. $ro& its ine(!a%stible store!o%se o" events it is 'ossible to 'rove an,t!in# or its contrar,. T!e iss%e t!at Morris raises in ob+ectin# to Le is vie is !et!er .A/ t!ere are an, %ncontested !istorical "acts .1/ !istorical kno led#e can be too narro to be %se"%l .C/ !istor, teac!es an, %ne0%ivocal lessons .3/ t!ere are conventional criteria "or callin# a 'ast action a &istake

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CG5

.E/ events in t!e 'resent are in"l%enced b, 'ast events <. A #ro%' o" scientists !o !ave done researc! on t!e !ealt! e""ects o" "ood irradiation !as discovered no evidence c!allen#in# its sa"et,. S%''orters o" "ood irradiation !ave cited t!is researc! as certain 'roo" t!at "ood irradiation is a sa"e 'ractice. A "la in t!e reasonin# o" t!e s%''orters o" "ood irradiation is t!at t!e, .A/ ass%&e t!at t!e scientists doin# t!e researc! set o%t to 'rove t!at "ood irradiation is an %nsa"e 'ractice .1/ are &otivated b, a biased interest in 'rovin# t!e 'ractice to be sa"e .C/ overlook t!e 'ossibilit, t!at ob+ections abo%t sa"et, are not t!e onl, 'ossible ob+ections to t!e 'ractice .3/ ne#lect to 'rovide detailed in"or&ation abo%t t!e evidence %sed to s%''ort t!e concl%sion .E/ %se t!e lack o" evidence contradictin# a clai& as concl%sive evidence "or t!at clai& C. Cookin# teac!er: Li&a beans #enerall, need abo%t an !o%r o" boilin# to reac! t!e 'ro'er de#ree o" doneness. T!e 'recise a&o%nt o" ti&e it takes de'ends on si)e: lar#er beans re0%ire a lon#er cookin# ti&e t!an s&aller beans do. It is i&'ortant t!at li&a beans not be overcooked since overcookin# robs beans o" &an, o" t!eir n%trients. =ndercookin# s!o%ld also be avoided9 since %ndercooked beans cannot be co&'letel, di#ested. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!e, &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Li&a beans t!at are co&'letel, di#estible !ave lost &an, o" t!eir n%trients in cookin#. .1/ T!e n%trients t!at are lost !en li&a beans are overcooked are t!e sa&e as t!ose t!at t!e bod, "ails to assi&ilate !en li&a beans are not co&'letel, di#ested. .C/ Lar#e li&a beans9 even !en "%ll, cooked9 are &ore di""ic%lt to di#est t!an s&all li&a beans. .3/ Li&a beans t!at are added to t!e 'ot to#et!er s!o%ld be as close to t!e sa&e si)e as 'ossible i" t!e, are to ,ield t!eir "%ll n%tritional val%e. .E/ $ro& t!e stand'oint o" #ood n%trition9 it is better to overcook t!an to %ndercook li&a beans. Questions 5-& Lar#e 0%antities o" lead d%st can be released d%rin# renovations in !o%ses it! alls 'ainted it! lead8based 'aint. 1eca%se t!e d%st '%ts occ%'ants at !i#! risk o" lead 'oisonin#9 s%c! renovations s!o%ld be done onl, in %nocc%'ied !o%ses b, contractors !o are e('erienced in re&ovin# all traces o" lead "ro& !o%ses and !o !ave t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CG<

e0%i'&ent to 'rotect t!e&selves "ro& lead d%st. Even !en arned9 !o ever9 &an, 'eo'le ill not 'a, to !ave so&eone else do renovations t!e, believe t!e, co%ld do less e('ensivel, t!e&selves. T!ere"ore9 +o,eowners* "ournal s!o%ld r%n an article #ivin# in"or&ation to !o&eo ners on !o to red%ce t!e risk o" lead 'oisonin# associated it! do8it8,o%rsel" renovation. @. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 ar#%es &ost stron#l, a#ainst t!e 'assa#es reco&&endation abo%t an article.A/ Most !o&eo ners kno !et!er or not t!e alls o" t!eir !o%ses are 'ainted it! lead8based 'aint9 even i" t!e alls ere 'ainted b, 'revio%s o ners. .1/ Most 'eo'le !o %ndertake do8it8,o%rsel" renovation 'ro+ects do so "or t!e satis"action o" doin# t!e ork t!e&selves and so are %nlikel, to !ire a 'ro"essional to do t!at sort o" ork. .C/ 6!enever in"or&ation on do8it8,o%rsel" !o&e renovation is '%blis!ed9 &an, 'eo'le !o o%ld ot!er ise !ire 'ro"essionals decide to 'er"or& t!e renovations t!e&selves9 even !en t!ere are risks involved. .3/ In &an, areas9 it is di""ic%lt to "ind 'ro"essional renovators !o !ave t!e e0%i'&ent and 0%ali"ications to 'er"or& sa"el, renovations involvin# lead d%st. .E/ 6!en 'ro"essionall, done !o&e renovations are no &ore e('ensive t!an do8 it8,o%rsel" renovations9 &ost 'eo'le c!oose to !ave t!eir !o&es renovated b, 'ro"essionals. G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les &ost !el's to +%sti", t!e 'assa#es reco&&endation abo%t an article.A/ Fotentiall, dan#ero%s +obs s!o%ld al a,s be le"t to t!ose !o !ave t!e trainin# and e('erience to 'er"or& t!e& sa"el,9 even i" additional e('ense res%lts. .1/ I" 'eo'le re"%se to c!an#e t!eir be!avior even !en arned t!at t!e, are +eo'ardi)in# t!eir !ealt!9 in"or&ation t!at enables t!e& to &ini&i)e t!e risks o" t!at be!avior s!o%ld be &ade available to t!e&. .C/ A +o%rnal "or !o&eo ners s!o%ld 'rovide its readers it! in"or&ation on do8 it8,o%rsel" 'ro+ects onl, i" s%c! 'ro+ects do not entail s%bstantial risks. .3/ 2o one s!o%ld be enco%ra#ed to 'er"or& a 'otentiall, dan#ero%s 'roced%re i" doin# so co%ld 'lace an, ot!er 'eo'le at risk. .E/ Feo'le !o are illin# to do ork t!e&selves and !o are co&'etent to do so s!o%ld not be disco%ra#ed "ro& doin# t!at ork. A. T!e scienti"ic t!eor, o" evol%tion !as c!allen#ed t!e vie o" !%&an ori#in as divine creation and sees %s as si&'l, descended "ro& t!e sa&e ancestors as t!e a'es. 6!ile science and tec!nolo#, !ave 'rovided brilliant insi#!ts into o%r orld and eased o%r ever,da, li"e9 t!e, !ave si&%ltaneo%sl, de'rived %s o" a vie in !ic! o%r i&'ortance is ass%red. T!%s9 !ile science !as #iven %s &an, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CGC

t!in#s9 it !as taken a a, &%c! t!at is also #reatl, val%ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Science and tec!nolo#, are o" less val%e t!an reli#ion. .1/ Feo'le !ave resisted t!e advances o" science and tec!nolo#,. .C/ T!e ass%rance t!at 'eo'le are i&'ortant is !i#!l, val%ed. .3/ T!e orld as a better 'lace be"ore t!e advent o" science and tec!nolo#,. .E/ T!e need o" 'eo'le to "eel i&'ortant is no &et b, science and tec!nolo#,. Questions 8-9 T!at lon#8ter& ci#arette s&okin# can lead to !ealt! 'roble&s incl%din# cancer and l%n# disease is a scienti"icall, ell8establis!ed "act. Contrar, to !at &an, 'eo'le see& to believe9 !o ever9 it is not necessar, to den, t!is "act in order to re+ect t!e vie t!at tobacco co&'anies s!o%ld be !eld eit!er &orall, or le#all, res'onsible "or t!e 'oor !ealt! o" s&okers. A"ter all9 e(cessive cons%&'tion o" cand, %ndeniabl, leads to s%c! !ealt! 'roble&s as toot! deca,9 b%t no one serio%sl, believes t!at cand, eaters !o #et cavities s!o%ld be able to s%e cand, &an%"act%rers. B. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ no one s!o%ld "eel it necessar, to den, t!e scienti"icall, ell8establis!ed "act t!at lon#8ter& ci#arette s&okin# can lead to !ealt! 'roble&s .1/ 'eo'le !o #et cavities s!o%ld not be able to s%e cand, &an%"act%rers .C/ t!e "act t!at s&okers !ealt! 'roble&s can be ca%sed b, t!eir s&okin# is not eno%#! to +%sti", !oldin# tobacco co&'anies eit!er le#all, or &orall, res'onsible "or t!ose 'roble&s .3/ e(cessive cons%&'tion o" cand, ill lead to !ealt! 'roble&s +%st as s%rel, as lon#8ter& ci#arette s&okin# ill .E/ i" cand, &an%"act%rers ere !eld res'onsible "or toot! deca, a&on# cand, eaters t!en tobacco co&'anies s!o%ld also be !eld res'onsible "or !ealt! 'roble&s s%""ered b, s&okers H. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it .A/ "ails to establis! t!at t!e connection bet een toot! deca, and cand, eatin# is as scienti"icall, ell doc%&ented as t!at bet een s&okin# and t!e !ealt! 'roble&s s%""ered b, s&okers .1/ de'ends on t!e obvio%sl, "alse ass%&'tion t!at ever,one !o #ets cavities does so onl, as a res%lt o" eatin# too &%c! cand, .C/ leaves %nde"ined s%c! critical 0%ali",in# ter&s as >e(cessive? and >lon#8 ter&? .3/ attrib%tes certain belie"s to >&an, 'eo'le? it!o%t identi",in# t!e 'eo'le !o alle#edl, !old t!ose belie"s

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GMAT & LSAT CR

CG@

.E/ "ails to address t!e strikin# di""erences in t!e nat%re o" t!e t!reat to !ealt! 'osed b, toot! deca, on t!e one !and and cancer and l%n# disease on t!e ot!er 1I. L,dia: Eac! ,ear9 t!o%sands o" seabirds are in+%red !en t!e, beco&e entan#led in e0%i'&ent o ned b, "is!in# co&'anies. T!ere"ore9 t!e "is!in# co&'anies s!o%ld ass%&e res'onsibilit, "or "%ndin# veterinar, treat&ent "or t!e in+%red birds. Jonat!an: *o%r "eelin#s "or t!e birds are ad&irable. *o%r 'ro'osal9 !o ever9 s!o%ld not be ado'ted beca%se treat&ent o" t!e &ost serio%sl, in+%red birds o%ld in!%&anel, 'rolon# t!e lives o" ani&als no lon#er able to live in t!e ild9 as all ildli"e s!o%ld. Jonat!an %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# tec!ni0%es in !is res'onse to L,dia.A/ :e directs a 'ersonal attack a#ainst !er rat!er t!an addressin# t!e ar#%&ent s!e advances. .1/ :e s%##ests t!at !er 'ro'osal is based on sel"8interest rat!er t!an on real s,&'at!, "or t!e in+%red birds. .C/ :e 0%estions t!e a''ro'riateness o" inter"erin# it! ildli"e in an, a,9 even i" t!e #oal o" t!e inter"erence is to !el'. .3/ :e atte&'ts to discredit !er 'ro'osal b, disc%ssin# its i&'lications "or onl, t!ose birds t!at it serves least ell. .E/ :e evades disc%ssion o" !er 'ro'osal b, raisin# t!e iss%e o" !et!er !er "eelin#s abo%t t!e birds are +%sti"ied. 11. Lo##in# ind%str, o""icial: :arvestin# trees "ro& old8#ro t! "orests "or %se in &an%"act%re can red%ce t!e a&o%nt o" carbon dio(ide in t!e at&os'!ere9 since !en lar#e old trees die in t!e "orest t!e, deco&'ose9 releasin# t!eir stored carbon dio(ide. :arvestin# old8#ro t! "orests o%ld9 &oreover9 &ake roo& "or ra'idl, #ro in# ,o%n# trees9 !ic! absorb &ore carbon dio(ide "ro& t!e at&os'!ere t!an do trees in old8#ro t! "orests. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e o""icials ar#%&ent.A/ Man, old8#ro t! "orests are t!e !o&e o" t!o%sands o" ani&al s'ecies t!at o%ld be endan#ered i" t!e "orests ere to be destro,ed. .1/ M%c! o" t!e or#anic &atter "ro& old8#ro t! trees9 %n%sable as l%&ber9 is &ade into 'rod%cts t!at deco&'ose ra'idl,. .C/ A ,o%n# tree contains less t!an !al" t!e a&o%nt o" carbon dio(ide t!at is stored in an old tree o" t!e sa&e s'ecies. .3/ M%c! o" t!e carbon dio(ide 'resent in "orests is event%all, released !en ood and ot!er or#anic debris "o%nd on t!e "orest "loor deco&'ose. .E/ It can take &an, ,ears "or t!e trees o" a ne l, 'lanted "orest to reac! t!e si)e o" t!ose "o%nd in e(istin# old8#ro t! "orests. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CGG

15. A s%rve, o" a #ro%' o" 'eo'le bet een t!e a#es o" A@ and BI "o%nd t!at t!ose !o re#%larl, 'la,ed t!e card #a&e brid#e tended to !ave better s!ort8ter& &e&or, t!an t!ose !o did not 'la, brid#e. It as ori#inall, concl%ded "ro& t!is t!at 'la,in# brid#e can !el' older 'eo'le to retain and develo' t!eir &e&or,. :o ever9 it &a, ell be t!at brid#e is si&'l, a &ore en+o,able #a&e "or 'eo'le !o alread, !ave #ood s!ort8ter& &e&or, and !o are t!%s &ore inclined to 'la,. In co%nterin# t!e ori#inal concl%sion t!e reasonin# above %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# tec!ni0%es.A/ c!allen#in# t!e re'resentativeness o" t!e sa&'le s%rve,ed .1/ concedin# t!e s%##ested relations!i' bet een 'la,in# brid#e and s!ort8ter& &e&or,9 b%t 0%estionin# !et!er an, concl%sion abo%t a''ro'riate t!era', can be dra n .C/ ar#%in# t!at t!e ori#inal concl%sion relied on an inacc%rate %nderstandin# o" t!e &otives t!at t!e 'eo'le s%rve,ed !ave "or 'la,in# brid#e .3/ 'rovidin# an alternative !,'ot!esis to e('lain t!e data on !ic! t!e ori#inal concl%sion as based .E/ describin# a "la in t!e reasonin# on !ic! t!e ori#inal concl%sion as based 1<. T!ere are tests to detect so&e o" t!e rare #enetic "la s t!at increase t!e likeli!ood o" certain diseases. I" t!ese tests are 'er"or&ed9 t!en a 'erson it! a rare #enetic "la t!at is detected can receive t!e a''ro'riate 'reventive treat&ent. Since it costs t!e !ealt!8care s,ste& less to 'revent a disease t!an to treat it a"ter it !as occ%rred9 ides'read #enetic screenin# ill red%ce t!e overall cost o" !ealt! care. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e cost o" treatin# 'atients !o o%ld9 in t!e absence o" screenin#9 develo' diseases t!at are linked to rare #enetic "la s o%ld be &ore t!an t!e co&bined costs o" ides'read screenin# and 'reventive treat&ent. .1/ Most diseases linked to rare #enetic "la s are 'reventable. .C/ T!e reso%rces allocated b, !os'itals to t!e treat&ent o" 'ersons it! diseases linked to #enetic "la s ill increase once screenin# is idel, available. .3/ Even i" t!e #enetic tests are 'er"or&ed9 &an, 'eo'le !ose rare #enetic "la s are detected ill develo' diseases linked to t!e "la s as a conse0%ence o" not receivin# t!e a''ro'riate 'reventive treat&ent. .E/ I" 'reventive treat&ent is #iven to 'atients it! rare #enetic "la s9 additional "%nds ill be available "or treatin# t!e &ore co&&on diseases. 1C. In t!e 1HGIs 'aranoia as vie ed b, social scientists as %n#ro%nded "ear o" 'o erlessness9 and t!e t!e&e o" 'aranoia as it relates to "eelin#s o" 'o erlessness as do&inant in "il&s o" t!at 'eriod. In t!e 1HAIs 'aranoia instead as vie ed b, social scientists as a res'onse to real t!reats "ro& societ,. $il&s o" t!is 'eriod http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CGA

'ortra, 'aranoia as a le#iti&ate res'onse to a orld #one &ad. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a concl%sion t!at t!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort.A/ I&a#es o" 'aranoia 'resented in "il&s &ade in a 'eriod re"lect trends in social science o" t!at 'eriod. .1/ Res'onses to real t!reats can9 and o"ten do9 de#enerate into #ro%ndless "ears. .C/ T!e orld is beco&in# &ore and &ore t!reatenin#. .3/ Faranoia is a condition t!at kee's c!an#in# alon# it! c!an#es in societ,. .E/ T!e s!i"t in 'erce'tion b, social scientists "ro& t!e 1HGIs to t!e 1HAIs res%lted "ro& an inabilit, to "ind a s%ccess"%l c%re "or 'aranoia. 1@. A certain e('eri&ental "%n#icide ca%ses no !ar& to #arden 'lants9 t!o%#! onl, i" it is dil%ted at least to ten 'arts ater to one 'art "%n#icide. Moreover9 t!is "%n#icide is kno n to be so e""ective a#ainst 'o der, &ilde t!at it !as t!e ca'acit, to eli&inate it co&'letel, "ro& rose 'lants. T!%s t!is "%n#icide9 as lon# as it is s%""icientl, dil%ted9 'rovides a &eans o" eli&inatin# 'o der, &ilde "ro& rose 'lants t!at involves no risk o" !ar&in# t!e 'lants. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ T!ere is not an alternative &et!od9 besides a''lication o" t!is "%n#icide9 "or eli&inatin# 'o der, &ilde "ro& rose 'lants it!o%t !ar&in# t!e 'lants. .1/ 6!en t!e "%n#icide is s%""icientl, dil%ted9 it does not 'resent an, risk o" !ar& to 'eo'le9 ani&als9 or bene"icial insects. .C/ Fo der, &ilde is t!e onl, "%n#al in"ection t!at a""ects rose 'lants. .3/ I" a "%n#icide is to be e""ective a#ainst 'o der, &ilde on rose 'lants9 it &%st eli&inate t!e 'o der, &ilde co&'letel,. .E/ T!e e""ectiveness o" t!e "%n#icide does not de'end on its bein# &ore concentrated t!an one 'art in ten 'arts o" ater. 1G. 6!en #lass 'rod%cts are &ade "ro& rec,cled #lass9 t!e res%ltin# 'rod%cts can be e0%al in 0%alit, to #lass 'rod%cts &ade "ro& 0%art) sand9 t!e %s%al ra &aterial. 6!en 'lastics are rec,cled9 !o ever9 t!e res%lt is inevitabl, a 'lastic o" a lo er #rade t!an t!e 'lastic "ro& !ic! it is derived. Moreover9 no a''lications !ave been "o%nd "or #rades o" 'lastic t!at are lo er t!an t!e c%rrentl, lo est co&&ercial #rade. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a concl%sion t!at can be 'ro'erl, dra n "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ Frod%cts cannot 'resentl, be &ade o%t o" 'lastic rec,cled entirel, "ro& t!e c%rrentl, lo est co&&ercial #rade. .1/ It is i&'ossible to &ake #lass 'rod%cts "ro& rec,cled #lass t!at are e0%al in 0%alit, to t!e best #lass 'rod%cts &ade "ro& t!e %s%al ra &aterial. .C/ Glass 'rod%cts &ade "ro& rec,cled #lass are less e('ensive t!an co&'arable http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CGB

'rod%cts &ade "ro& 0%art) sand. .3/ =nless rec,cled 'lastic bears so&e s,&bol revealin# its ori#in9 not even &aterials scientists can distin#%is! it "ro& vir#in 'lastic. .E/ T!e di""erence in 0%alit, bet een di""erent #rades o" #lass is not as #reat as t!at bet een di""erent #rades o" 'lastic. Questions 1'-18 Teac!er: Jo%rnalists !o conceal t!e identit, o" t!e so%rces t!e, 0%ote stake t!eir 'ro"essional re'%tations on !at &a, be called t!e lo#ic o" anecdotes. T!is is so beca%se t!e state&ents re'orted b, s%c! +o%rnalists are dissociated "ro& t!e 'recise circ%&stances in !ic! t!e, ere &ade and t!%s ill be acce'ted "or '%blication onl, i" t!e state&ents are !i#! in 'la%sibilit, or ori#inalit, or interest to a #iven a%dienceK 'recisel, t!e 'ro'erties o" a #ood anecdote. St%dent: 1%t !at ,o% are sa,in#9 t!en9 is t!at t!e +o%rnalist need not bot!er it! so%rces in t!e "irst 'lace. S%rel,9 an, reasonabl, reso%rce"%l +o%rnalist can invent 'la%sible9 ori#inal9 or interestin# stories "aster t!an t!e, can be obtained "ro& %nidenti"ied so%rces. 1A. T!e st%dents res'onse contains !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# reasonin# "la s.A/ con"%sin# a &ar#inal +o%rnalistic 'ractice it! t!e 'ri&ar, ork done b, +o%rnalists .1/ i#norin# t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e teac!er re#ards as a 'rere0%isite "or t!e '%blication o" an %nattrib%ted state&ent t!at t!e state&ent !ave act%all, been &ade .C/ con"%sin# t!e c!aracteristics o" re'orted state&ents it! t!e c!aracteristics o" t!e sit%ations in !ic! t!e state&ents ere &ade .3/ +%d#in# t!e &erits o" t!e teac!ers 'osition solel, b, t!e &ost e(tre&e case to !ic! t!e 'osition a''lies .E/ "alsel, concl%din# t!at i" t!ree criteria9 &et +ointl,9 ass%re an o%tco&e9 t!en eac! criterion9 &et individ%all,9 also ass%res t!at o%tco&e 1B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e teac!ers ar#%&ent.A/ A +o%rnalist %nder&ines !is or !er o n 'ro"essional standin# b, s%b&ittin# "or '%blication state&ents t!at9 not bein# attrib%ted to a na&ed so%rce9 are re+ected "or bein# i&'la%sible9 %nori#inal9 or d%ll. .1/ State&ents t!at are attrib%ted to a "%ll, identi"ied so%rce &ake %' t!e &a+orit, o" re'orted state&ents incl%ded b, +o%rnalists in stories s%b&itted "or '%blication. .C/ Re'orted state&ents t!at are !i#!l, ori#inal ill o"ten see& i&'la%sible %nless s%b&itted b, a +o%rnalist !o is kno n "or solid9 reliable ork. .3/ Re'%table +o%rnalists so&eti&es do not conceal t!e identit, o" t!eir so%rces "ro& t!eir '%blis!ers b%t insist t!at t!e identit, o" t!ose so%rces be http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CGH

concealed "ro& t!e '%blic. .E/ Jo%rnalists !o !ave s'ecial access to so%rces !ose identit, t!e, &%st conceal are #reatl, val%ed b, t!eir '%blis!ers. 1H. T!e 'ro'osal to e(tend clinical trials9 !ic! are ro%tinel, %sed as s,ste&atic tests o" '!ar&ace%tical innovations9 to ne s%r#ical 'roced%res s!o%ld not be i&'le&ented. T!e 'oint is t!at s%r#ical 'roced%res di""er in one i&'ortant res'ect "ro& &edicinal dr%#s: a correctl, 'rescribed dr%# de'ends "or its e""ectiveness onl, on t!e dr%#s co&'osition9 !ereas t!e e""ectiveness o" even t!e &ost a''ro'riate s%r#ical 'roced%re is trans'arentl, related to t!e skills o" t!e s%r#eon !o %ses it. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ does not consider t!at ne s%r#ical 'roced%res &i#!t be "o%nd to be intrinsicall, &ore !ar&"%l t!an t!e best treat&ent 'revio%sl, available .1/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e c!allen#ed 'ro'osal is deliberatel, cr%de in a a, desi#ned to elicit criticis& to be %sed in re"inin# t!e 'ro'osal .C/ ass%&es t!at a s%r#eons skills re&ain %nc!an#ed t!ro%#!o%t t!e s%r#eons 'ro"essional li"e .3/ describes a dissi&ilarit, it!o%t citin# an, scienti"ic evidence "or t!e e(istence o" t!at dissi&ilarit, .E/ re+ects a 'ro'osal 'res%&abl, advanced in #ood "ait! it!o%t ackno led#in# an, s%c! #ood "ait! 5I. I" t!e &a+orit, o" t!e residents o" t!e a'art&ent co&'le( co&'lain t!at t!eir a'art&ents are in"ested it! ants9 t!en t!e &ana#e&ent o" t!e co&'le( ill !ave to en#a#e t!e services o" an e(ter&inator. 1%t t!e &a+orit, o" t!e residents o" t!e co&'le( indicate t!at t!eir a'art&ents are virt%all, "ree o" ants. T!ere"ore9 t!e &ana#e&ent o" t!e co&'le( ill not !ave to en#a#e t!e services o" an e(ter&inator. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents contains a "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# 'arallel to t!at contained in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ A t!eater ill be constr%cted in t!e "all i" "%nds collected are at least s%""icient to cover its cost. To date9 t!e "%nds collected e(ceed t!e t!eaters cost9 so t!e t!eater ill be constr%cted in t!e "all. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" "li#!ts o'erated b, t!e airlines cannot be red%ced %nless t!e airlines can collect !i#!er air"ares. 1%t 'eo'le ill not 'a, !i#!er air"ares9 so it is not t!e case t!at t!e n%&ber o" "li#!ts ill be red%ced. .C/ In order "or t!e co&'an, to start t!e 'ro'osed b%ildin# 'ro+ect9 bot! t!e to n co%ncil and t!e &a,or &%st a''rove. Since t!e &a,or !as alread, a''roved9 t!e b%ildin# 'ro+ect ill be started soon. .3/ Most e&'lo,ees ill attend t!e co&'an, 'icnic i" t!e entertain&ent co&&ittee is s%ccess"%l in #ettin# a certain band to 'la, at t!e 'icnic. 1%t http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CAI

t!at band ill be o%t o" t!e co%ntr, on t!e da, o" t!e 'icnic9 so it is not tr%e t!at &ost e&'lo,ees ill attend. .E/ Eit!er t!e sc!ools 'rinci'al or t o8t!irds o" t!e 'arent co%ncil &%st a''rove a c!an#e in t!e sc!ool dress code in order "or t!e code to be c!an#ed. Since t!e 'rinci'al ill not a''rove a c!an#e in t!e dress code9 t!e code ill not be c!an#ed. 51. 6!en t!e s%''l, o" a #iven reso%rce d indles9 alternative tec!nolo#ies allo in# t!e %se o" di""erent reso%rces develo'9 and de&and "or t!e reso%rce t!at as in s!ort s%''l, nat%rall, declines. T!en t!e e(istin# s%''lies o" t!at reso%rce satis", !atever de&and re&ains. A&on# t!e once8d indlin# reso%rces t!at are no in &ore t!an ade0%ate s%''l, are "lint "or arro !eads9 trees %sable "or sc!ooner &asts9 and #ood &%les. 1eca%se ne tec!nolo#ies constantl, re'lace old ones9 e can never r%n o%t o" i&'ortant nat%ral reso%rces. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e concl%sion.A/ T!e &asts and !%lls o" so&e sailin# s!i's b%ilt toda, are still &ade o" ood. .1/ T!ere are considerabl, "e er &%les toda, t!an t!ere ere 1II ,ears a#o. .C/ T!e cost o" so&e ne tec!nolo#ies is o"ten so !i#! t!at t!e co&'anies develo'in# t!e& &i#!t act%all, lose &one, at "irst. .3/ 3 indlin# s%''lies o" a nat%ral reso%rce o"ten res%lt in t!at reso%rces costin# &ore to %se. .E/ T!e biolo#ical re0%ire&ents "or s%bstances like clean air and clean ater are %na""ected b, tec!nolo#ical c!an#e. 55. Fa%lsville and Lon#to n cannot bot! be incl%ded in t!e candidates itinerar, o" ca&'ai#n sto's. T!e candidate ill &ake a sto' in Fa%lsville %nless Salisb%r, is &ade 'art o" t!e itinerar,. =n"ort%natel,9 a sto' in Salisb%r, is o%t o" t!e 0%estion. Clearl,9 t!en9 a sto' in Lon#to n can be r%led o%t. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents.A/ T!e c!e" never !as bot! "res! radis!es and "res! #reen 'e''ers available "or t!e c!ie"s salad at t!e sa&e ti&e. I" s!e %ses "res! radis!es9 s!e also %ses s'inac!. 1%t c%rrentl, t!ere is no s'inac! to be !ad. It can be in"erred9 t!en9 t!at s!e ill not be %sin# "res! #reen 'e''ers. .1/ To& ill de"initel, s%''ort Farker i" Mendo)a does not a''l,D and To& ill not s%''ort bot! Farker and C!%n#. Since9 as it t%rns o%t9 Mendo)a ill not a''l,9 it "ollo s t!at C!%n# ill not #et To&s s%''ort. .C/ T!e 'ro#ra& co&&ittee never selects t o 'la,s b, S!a "or a sin#le season. 1%t !en t!e, select a 'la, b, Co ard9 t!e, do not select an, 'la, b, S!a at all. $or t!is season9 t!e co&&ittee !as +%st selected a 'la, b, S!a 9 so t!e, ill not select an, 'la, b, Co ard. .3/ In a#ric%lt%ral 'est control9 eit!er 'esticides or t!e introd%ction o" nat%ral http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CA1

ene&ies o" t!e 'est9 b%t not bot!9 ill ork. 7" co%rse9 neit!er ill be needed i" 'est8resistant cro's are 'lanted. So i" 'esticides are in "act needed9 it &%st be t!at t!ere are no nat%ral ene&ies o" t!e 'est. .E/ T!e cit, cannot a""ord to b%ild bot! a ne stadi%& and t!e ne road t!at o%ld be needed to #et t!ere. 1%t neit!er o" t!e t o 'ro+ects is ort! doin# it!o%t t!e ot!er. Since t!e cit, ill not %ndertake an, b%t ort! !ile 'ro+ects9 t!e ne stadi%& ill not be constr%cted at t!is ti&e. 5<. A st%d, o" ad%lts !o s%""er "ro& &i#raine !eadac!es revealed t!at a si#ni"icant 'ro'ortion o" t!e st%d, 'artici'ants s%""er "ro& a co&'le( s,ndro&e c!aracteri)ed b, a set o" t!ree s,&'to&s. T!ose !o s%""er "ro& t!e s,ndro&e e('erienced e(cessive an(iet, d%rin# earl, c!ild!ood. As adolescents9 t!ese 'eo'le be#an e('eriencin# &i#raine !eadac!es. As t!ese 'eo'le a''roac!ed t!e a#e o" 5I9 t!e, also be#an to e('erience rec%rrin# bo%ts o" de'ression. Since t!is 'attern is invariant9 al a,s it! e(cessive an(iet, at its be#innin#9 it "ollo s t!at e(cessive an(iet, in c!ild!ood is one o" t!e ca%ses o" &i#raine !eadac!es and de'ression in later li"e. T!e reasonin# & t!e ar#%&ent is v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ It does not s'eci", t!e 'ro'ortion o" t!ose in t!e #eneral 'o'%lation !o s%""er "ro& t!e s,ndro&e. .1/ It "ails to r%le o%t t!e 'ossibilit, t!at all o" t!e c!aracteristic s,&'to&s o" t!e s,ndro&e !ave a co&&on ca%se. .C/ It &akes a #enerali)ation t!at is inconsistent it! t!e evidence. .3/ It "ails to de&onstrate t!at t!e 'eo'le !o 'artici'ated in t!e st%d, are re'resentative o" &i#raine s%""erers. .E/ It does not establis! !, t!e st%d, o" &i#raine s%""erers as restricted to ad%lt 'artici'ants. 5C. Mainstrea& econo&ic t!eor, !olds t!at &an%"act%rers9 in decidin# !at kinds o" 'rod%cts to &an%"act%re and !at "or& t!ose 'rod%cts s!o%ld !ave9 si&'l, res'ond to t!e needs and desires o" cons%&ers. :o ever9 &ost &a+or &an%"act%rers &ani'%late and even create cons%&er de&and9 as an,one !o atc!es television kno s. Since even &ainstrea& econo&ic t!eorists atc! television9 t!eir &otive in advancin# t!is t!eor, &%st be so&et!in# ot!er t!an disinterested concern "or scienti"ic tr%t!. T!e clai& t!at &an%"act%rers &ani'%late and create cons%&er de&and 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It is one o" t!e clai&s on !ic! t!e concl%sion is based. .1/ It is t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent. .C/ It states t!e 'osition ar#%ed a#ainst. .3/ It states a 'ossible ob+ection to t!e ar#%&ents concl%sion. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CA5

.E/ It 'rovides s%''le&entar, back#ro%nd in"or&ation.

TEST 13
SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

It is 'robabl, it!in t!e reac! o" !%&an tec!nolo#, to &ake t!e cli&ate o" Mars in!abitable. It &i#!t be several cent%ries be"ore 'eo'le co%ld live t!ere9 even it! breat!in# a''arat%ses9 b%t so&e o" t!e orlds #reat te&'les and cat!edrals took cent%ries to b%ild. Researc! e""orts no are +%sti"ied i" t!ere is even a c!ance o" &akin# anot!er 'lanet in!abitable. 1esides9 t!e intellect%al e(ercise o" %nderstandin# !o t!e Martian at&os'!ere &i#!t be c!an#ed co%ld !el' in %nderstandin# at&os'!eric c!an#es inadvertentl, tri##ered b, !%&an activit, on Eart!. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ it is 'robabl, tec!nolo#icall, 'ossible "or !%&ankind to alter t!e cli&ate o" Mars .1/ it o%ld take several cent%ries to &ake Mars even &ar#inall, in!abitable .C/ &akin# Mars in!abitable is an e""ort co&'arable to b%ildin# a #reat te&'le or cat!edral .3/ researc! e""orts ai&ed at discoverin# !o to c!an#e t!e cli&ate o" Mars are +%sti"ied .E/ e""orts to c!an#e t!e cli&ate o" Mars co%ld "acilitate %nderstandin# o" t!e Eart!s cli&ate

Questions !-3 Ad%lts !ave t!e ri#!t to voteD so s!o%ld adolescents. Ad&ittedl,9 adolescents and ad%lts are not t!e sa&e. 1%t to t!e e(tent t!at adolescents and ad%lts are di""erent9 ad%lts cannot be e('ected to re'resent t!e interests o" adolescents. I" ad%lts cannot re'resent t!e interests o" adolescents9 t!en onl, b, #ivin# adolescents t!e vote ill t!ese interests re'resented. 5. T!e ar#%&ent relies on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tion.A/ T!e ri#!t to vote is a ri#!t t!at all !%&an bein#s s!o%ld !ave. .1/ Adolescents and ad%lts di""er in &ost res'ects t!at are i&'ortant. .C/ Adolescents s!o%ld !ave t!eir interests re'resented. .3/ An,one !o !as t!e ri#!t to vote !as all t!e ri#!t an ad%lt !as. .E/ Adolescents !ave never en+o,ed t!e ri#!t to vote. <. T!e state&ent t!at adolescents and ad%lts are not t!e sa&e 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CA<

"ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It 'resents t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent. .1/ It &akes a ke, ord in t!e ar#%&ent &ore 'recise. .C/ It ill%strates a conse0%ence o" one o" t!e clai&s t!at are %sed to s%''ort t!e concl%sion. .3/ It distracts attention "ro& t!e 'oint at iss%e. .E/ It concedes a 'oint t!at is t!en %sed to s%''ort t!e concl%sion. C. 6!en decidin# !ere to locate or relocate9 b%siness look "or an ed%cated ork "orce9 a !i#! level o" services9 a lo b%siness8ta( rate9 and close 'ro(i&it, to &arkets and ra &aterials. :o ever9 alt!o%#! eac! o" t!ese considerations !as a''ro(i&atel, e0%al i&'ortance9 t!e lack o" 'ro(i&it, eit!er to &arkets or to ra &aterials o"ten ca%ses &%nici'alities to lose 'ros'ective b%siness9 !ereas !avin# a !i#!er8t!an8avera#e b%siness8ta( rate rarel, !as t!is e""ect. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e state&ents above.A/ Ta(es 'aid b, b%siness constit%te onl, a 'art o" t!e ta( reven%e collected b, &ost &%nici'alities. .1/ In #eneral9 t!e !i#!er t!e rate at !ic! &%nici'alities ta( b%sinesses9 t!e &ore t!ose &%nici'alities s'end on ed%cation and on 'rovidin# services to b%sinesses. .C/ 1%sinesses so&eti&es leave a &%nici'alit, a"ter t!at &%nici'alit, !as raised its ta(es on b%sinesses. .3/ Me&bers o" t!e ork "orce !o are !i#!l, ed%cated are &ore likel, to be illin# to relocate to sec%re ork t!an are less !i#!l, ed%cated orkers. .E/ 1%sinesses !ave so&eti&es tried to obtain ta( red%ctions "ro& &%nici'alities b, s%##estin# t!at it!o%t s%c! a red%ction t!e b%siness &i#!t be "orced to relocate else !ere. Questions 5-& 7scar: I !ave been acc%sed o" 'la#iari)in# t!e ork o" Et!el M,ers in &, recent article. 1%t t!at acc%sation is %n arranted. Alt!o%#! I ad&it I %sed 'assa#es "ro& M,erss book it!o%t attrib%tion9 M,ers #ave &e 'er&ission in 'rivate corres'ondence to do so. Millie: M,ers cannot #ive ,o% 'er&ission to 'la#iari)e. Fla#iaris& is ron#9 not onl, beca%se it violates a%t!ors ri#!ts to t!eir o n ords9 b%t also beca%se it &isleads readers: it is "%nda&entall, a t,'e o" lie. A lie is no less a lie i" anot!er 'erson a#rees to t!e dece'tion. @. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld +%sti", 7scars +%d#&ent.A/ A riter !as no ri#!t to 0%ote 'assa#e "ro& anot!er '%blis!ed so%rce i" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CAC

a%t!or o" t!at ot!er so%rce !as not #ranted t!e riter 'er&ission to do so. .1/ T!e riter o" an article &%st cite t!e so%rce o" all 'assa#es t!at ere not ritten b, t!at riter i" t!ose 'assa#es are &ore t!an a "e sentences lon#. .C/ Fla#iaris& is never +%sti"ied9 b%t riters are +%sti"ied in occasionall, 0%otin# it!o%t attrib%tion t!e ork o" ot!er riters i" t!e ork 0%oted !as not been '%blis!ed. .3/ An a%t!or is entitled to 0%ote "reel, it!o%t attrib%tion t!e ork o" a riter i" t!at riter relin0%is!es !is or !er e(cl%sive ri#!t to t!e &aterial. .E/ A%t!ors are entitled to 0%ote it!o%t attrib%tion 'assa#es t!at t!e, t!e&selves !ave ritten and '%blis!ed in ot!er books or articles. G. Millie %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies in contestin# 7scars 'osition.A/ anal,)in# 'la#iaris& in a a, t!at %nder&ines 7scars 'osition .1/ invokin# evidence to s!o t!at 7scar did 0%ote M,ers ork it!o%t attrib%tion .C/ c!allen#in# 7scars abilit, to 0%ote M,ers ork it!o%t attrib%tion .3/ citin# a t!eor, o" ri#!ts t!at 'ro!ibits 'la#iaris& and s%##estin# t!at 7scar is co&&itted to t!at t!eor, .E/ s!o in# t!at 7scars ad&ission de&onstrates !is lack o" credibilit, A. Soil scientists st%d,in# t!e role o" co&'ost in !ortic%lt%re !ave "o%nd t!at9 !ile co&'ost is %se"%l "or b%ildin# soil str%ct%re9 it does not s%''l, lar#e eno%#! 0%antities o" t!e n%trients essential "or 'lant #ro t! to &ake it a re'lace&ent "or "ertili)er. Man, !o&e #ardeners9 !o ever9 !ave "o%nd t!e, can #ro !ealt!, and !i#!l, 'rod%ctive 'lants in soil t!at lacked essential n%trients b, enric!in# t!e soil it! not!in# b%t co&'ost. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e discre'ant "indin#s o" t!e soil scientists and t!e !o&e #ardeners.A/ T!e "indin#s o" soil scientists !o are e&'lo,ed b, "ertili)er &an%"act%rers do not di""er idel, "ro& t!ose o" scientists e&'lo,ed b, t!e #overn&ent or b, %niversities. .1/ Co&'ost %sed in researc! 'ro+ects is %s%all, &ade "ro& leaves and #rass cli''in# onl,9 !ereas co&'ost %sed in !o&e #ardens is #enerall, &ade "ro& a ide variet, o" in#redients. .C/ Most 'lants #ro n in !o&e #ardens and in scientists test 'lots need a "avorable soil str%ct%re9 as ell as essential n%trients9 in order to t!rive. .3/ T!e soil in test 'lots9 be"ore it is ad+%sted in t!e co%rse o" e('eri&ents9 tends to contain abo%t t!e sa&e 0%antities o" 'lant n%trients as does soil in !o&e #ardens to !ic! no co&'ost or "ertili)er !as been added. .E/ So&e o" t!e varieties o" 'lants #ro n b, !o&e #ardeners re0%ire #reater 0%antities o" n%trients in order to be !ealt!, t!an do t!e varieties o" 'lants http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CA@

#enerall, #ro n b, t!e soil scientists in test 'lots. B. At :a'', ell9 Inc.9 last ,ear t!e avera#e ann%al salar, "or dieticians as L@I9III9 !ile t!e avera#e ann%al salar, "or '!,sical t!era'ists as LC59III. T!e avera#e ann%al salar, "or all :a'', ell e&'lo,ees last ,ear as LCI9III. I" t!e in"or&ation above is correct9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can 'ro'erl, be dra n on t!e basis o" it.A/ T!ere ere &ore '!,sical t!era'ists t!an dieticians at :a'', ell last ,ear. .1/ T!ere as no dietician at :a'', ell last ,ear !o earned less t!an t!e avera#e "or a '!,sical t!era'ist. .C/ At least one :a'', ell e&'lo,ee earned less t!an t!e avera#e "or a '!,sical t!era'ist last ,ear. .3/ At least one '!,sical t!era'ist earned less t!an t!e lo est8'aid :a'', ell dietician last ,ear. .E/ At least one dietician earned &ore t!an t!e !i#!est8'aid :a'', ell '!,sical t!era'ist last ,ear. H. Since &%ltinational #rain co&'anies o'erate so as to &a(i&i)e 'ro"its9 t!e, cannot be relied to initiate econo&ic c!an#es t!at o%ld re"or& t!e orlds "ood8 distrib%tion s,ste&. Alt!o%#! it is tr%e t!at t!e actions o" &%ltinational co&'anies so&eti&es do res%lt in s%c! econo&ic c!an#e9 t!is res%lt is incidental9 arisin# not "ro& t!e desire "or re"or& b%t "ro& t!e desire to &a(i&i)e 'ro"its. T!e &a(i&i)ation o" 'ro"its nor&all, de'ends on a stable econo&ic environ&ent9 one t!at disco%ra#es c!an#e. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ t!e &a(i&i)ation o" 'ro"its de'ends on a stable econo&ic environ&ent .1/ !en econo&ic c!an#e acco&'anies b%siness activit,9 t!at c!an#e is initiated b, concern "or t!e 'ro"it &otive .C/ &%ltinational #rain co&'anies o'erates so as to &a(i&i)e 'ro"its .3/ t!e orlds c%rrent "ood8distrib%tion s,ste& is not in need o" re"or& .E/ &%ltinational #rain co&'anies cannot be relied on to initiate re"or& o" t!e orlds "ood8distrib%tion s,ste& 1I. Sta#e 'er"or&ances are +%d#ed to be realistic to t!e de#ree t!at actors re'rod%ce on sta#e t!e be!aviors #enerall, associated b, a%diences it! t!e e&otional states o" t!e c!aracters 'ortra,ed. Traditional actors i&itate t!ose be!aviors9 !ereas Met!od actors9 t!ro%#! recollection o" 'ersonal e('erience9 act%all, e('erience t!e sa&e e&otions t!at t!eir c!aracters are &eant to be e('eriencin#. A%diences ill t!ere"ore +%d#e t!e 'er"or&ances o" Met!od actors to be &ore realistic t!an t!e 'er"or&ances o" traditional actors. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Fer"or&ances based on an actors o n e('erience o" e&otional states are http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CAG

&ore likel, to a""ect an a%diences e&otions t!an are 'er"or&ances based on i&itations o" t!e be!aviors #enerall, associated it! t!ose e&otional states. .1/ T!e be!avior t!at res%lts !en a Met!od actor "eels a certain e&otion ill con"or& to t!e be!avior t!at is #enerall, associated b, a%diences it! t!at e&otion. .C/ Realis& is an essential criterion "or eval%atin# t!e 'er"or&ances o" bot! traditional actors and Met!od actors. .3/ Traditional actors do not ai& to 'rod%ce 'er"or&ances t!at are realistic re'resentations o" a c!aracters e&otional states. .E/ In order to 'ortra, a c!aracter9 a Met!od actor need not !ave !ad e('eriences identical to t!ose o" t!e c!aracter 'ortra,ed. 11. T!e de&and "or %sed cars !as risen dra&aticall, in Ger&an, in recent ,ears. Most o" t!is de&and is #enerated b, "or&er East Ger&ans !o cannot ,et a""ord ne cars and "or !o& cars ere #enerall, %navailable 'rior to %ni"ication. T!is de&and !as o%tstri''ed s%''l, and t!%s !as e(erted an %' ard 'ress%re on t!e 'rices o" %sed cars. Conse0%entl,9 an increasin# n%&ber o" "or&er 6est Ger&ans9 in order to take advanta#e o" t!e i&'roved &arket9 ill be sellin# t!e cars t!e, !ave o ned "or several ,ears. :ence9 t!e Ger&an ne 8car &arket ill &ost likel, i&'rove soon as ell. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost !el' to s%''ort t!e concl%sion abo%t t!e Ger&an ne 8car &arket.A/ T!e de&and "or old cars in "or&er 6est Ger&an, is #reater t!an t!e de&and "or ne cars in "or&er East Ger&an,. .1/ In &ost E%ro'ean co%ntries9 t!e sale o" a %sed car is s%b+ect to less ta( t!an is t!e sale o" a ne car. .C/ Most Ger&ans o n ver, "e cars in t!e co%rse o" t!eir lives. .3/ Most "or&er 6est Ger&ans '%rc!ase ne cars once t!e, sell t!eir %sed cars. .E/ Man, "or&er East Ger&ans 're"er to b%, cars i&'orted "ro& 2ort! A&erica beca%se t!e, are #enerall, lar#er t!an E%ro'ean cars. 15. In 1HBI !ealt! o""icials be#an to '%blici)e t!e adverse e""ects o" 'rolon#ed e('os%re to t!e s%n9 and since t!en t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o s%nbat!e "or e(tended 'eriods o" ti&e !as decreased considerabl, eac! ,ear. 2evert!eless9 in 1HB5 t!ere as a dra&atic rise in ne l, re'orted cases o" &elano&a9 a "or& o" skin cancer "o%nd &ostl, in 'eo'le !o !ave !ad 'rolon#ed e('os%re to t!e s%n. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ 1e"ore 1HBI a considerable n%&ber o" t!e 'eo'le !o develo'ed &elano&a as a res%lt o" 'rolon#ed e('os%re to t!e s%n ere over "ort, ,ears o" a#e. .1/ 1e"ore 1HBI9 !en &ost 'eo'le !ad not ,et be#%n to avoid 'rolon#ed e('os%re to t!e s%n9 s%nbat!in# as idel, t!o%#!t to be !ealt!"%l. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CAA

.C/ In 1HB5 scientists re'orted t!at t!e bod,s need "or e('os%re to s%nli#!t in order to 'rod%ce vita&in 39 !ic! !el's 'revent t!e #ro t! o" skin cancers9 is less t!an as 'revio%sl, t!o%#!. .3/ In 1HB5 &edical researc!ers 'er"ected a dia#nostic tec!ni0%e t!at allo ed t!e& to detect t!e 'resence o" &elano&a &%c! earlier t!an !ad 'revio%sl, been 'ossible. .E/ Since 1HBI9 t!ose 'eo'le !o !ave contin%ed to s%nbat!e "or e(tended 'eriods o" ti&e !ave %sed s%nblocks t!at e""ectivel, screen o%t t!e %ltraviolet ra,s t!at !el' ca%se &elano&a. 1<. T!e tin, co%ntr, o" Minlandia does not 'rod%ce its o n television 'ro#ra&&in#. Instead9 t!e citi)ens o" Minlandia9 !o #enerall, are "l%ent not onl, in t!eir native Minlandian9 b%t also in 1oltese9 atc! 1oltese8lan#%a#e television 'ro#ra&s "ro& nei#!borin# 1olta. S%rve,s s!o t!at t!e Minlandians s'end on avera#e &ore !o%rs 'er eek readin# "or 'leas%re and "e er !o%rs 'er eek atc!in# television t!an 'eo'le an, !ere else in t!e orld. A 'ro&inent 's,c!olo#ist acco%nts "or t!e s%rve, res%lts b, e('lainin# t!at 'eo'le #enerall, 're"er to be entertained in t!eir native lan#%a#e even i" t!e, are 'er"ectl, "l%ent in ot!er lan#%a#es. T!e e('lanation o""ered b, t!e 's,c!olo#ist acco%nts "or t!e Minlandians be!avior onl, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ So&e Minlandians derive no 'leas%re "ro& atc!in# television in a lan#%a#e ot!er t!an t!eir native Minlandian. .1/ T!e st%d, o" 1oltese is re0%ired o" Minlandian c!ildren as 'art o" t!eir sc!oolin#. .C/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" bilin#%al residents to total 'o'%lation is #reater in Minlandia t!an an, !ere else in t!e orld. .3/ At least so&e o" !at t!e Minlandians read "or 'leas%re is in t!e Minlandian lan#%a#e. .E/ 6!en Minlandians atc! 1oltese television 'ro#ra&s9 t!e, tend to i#nore t!e "act t!at t!e, are !earin# a "orei#n lan#%a#e s'oken. 1C. Morris :i#! Sc!ool !as introd%ced a 'olic, desi#ned to i&'rove t!e orkin# conditions o" its ne teac!ers. As a res%lt o" t!is 'olic,9 onl, one80%arter o" all 'art8ti&e teac!ers no 0%it d%rin# t!eir "irst ,ear. :o ever9 a t!ird o" all "%ll8 ti&e teac!ers no 0%it d%rin# t!eir "irst ,ear. T!%s9 &ore "%ll8ti&e t!an 'art8ti&e teac!ers at Morris no 0%it d%rin# t!eir "irst ,ear. T!e ar#%&ents reasonin# is 0%estionable beca%se t!e ar#%&ent "ails to r%le o%t t!e 'ossibilit, t!at .A/ be"ore t!e ne 'olic, as instit%ted9 &ore 'art8ti&e t!an "%ll8ti&e teac!ers at Morris :i#! Sc!ool %sed to 0%it d%rin# t!eir "irst ,ear .1/ be"ore t!e ne 'olic, as instit%ted9 t!e sa&e n%&ber o" "%ll8ti&e teac!ers http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CAB

as 'art8ti&e teac!ers at Morris :i#! Sc!ool %sed to 0%it d%rin# t!eir "irst ,ear .C/ Morris :i#! Sc!ool e&'lo,s &ore ne "%ll8ti&e teac!ers t!an ne 'art8ti&e teac!ers .3/ Morris :i#! Sc!ool e&'lo,s &ore ne 'art8ti&e teac!ers t!an ne "%ll8ti&e teac!ers .E/ Morris :i#! Sc!ool e&'lo,s t!e sa&e n%&ber o" ne 'art8ti&e as ne "%ll8 ti&e teac!ers Questions 15-1& Sal&onella is a "ood8borne &icroor#anis& t!at can ca%se intestinal illness. T!e illness is so&eti&es "atal9 es'eciall, i" not identi"ied 0%ickl, and treated. Conventional Sal&onella tests on "ood sa&'les are slo and can &iss %n%s%al strains o" t!e &icroor#anis&. A ne test identi"ies t!e 'resence or absence o" Sal&onella b, t!e one 'iece o" #enetic &aterial co&&on to all strains. Clearl,9 '%blic !ealt! o""icials o%ld be ell advised to re'lace t!e 'revio%s Sal&onella tests it! t!e ne test. 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e level o" skill re0%ired "or laborator, tec!nicians to 'er"or& t!e ne test is !i#!er t!an t!at re0%ired to 'er"or& 'revio%s tests "or Sal&onella. .1/ T!e ne test ret%rns res%lts ver, soon a"ter "ood sa&'les are s%b&itted "or testin#. .C/ A 'ro'osed ne treat&ent "or Sal&onella 'oisonin# o%ld take e""ect "aster t!an t!e old treat&ent. .3/ Sal&onella 'oisonin# is beco&in# less "re0%ent in t!e #eneral 'o'%lation. .E/ So&e re&edies "or Sal&onella 'oisonin# also c%re intestinal disorders ca%sed b, ot!er &icroor#anis&. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost s%bstantiall, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e ne test identi"ies #enetic &aterial "ro& Sal&onella or#anis&s onl, and not "ro& si&ilar bacteria. .1/ T!e ne test detects t!e 'resence o" Sal&onella at levels t!at are too lo to 'ose a !ealt! to 'eo'le. .C/ Sal&onella is onl, one o" a variet, o" "ood8borne &icroor#anis& t!at can ca%se intestinal illness. .3/ T!e ne test !as been &ade 'ossible onl, recentl, b, dra&atic advances in biolo#ical science. .E/ S,&'to&s o" Sal&onella 'oisonin# are o"ten &istaken "or t!ose o" ot!er co&&on intestinal illness. 1A. 7n avera#e9 cit, b%s drivers !o are %sin# t!e ne co&'%teri)ed "are8collection s,ste& !ave a &%c! better on8ti&e record t!an do drivers %sin# t!e old "are8

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CAH

collection s,ste&. Millicent S&it! !as t!e best on8ti&e record o" an, b%s driver in t!e cit,. T!ere"ore9 s!e &%st be %sin# t!e co&'%teri)ed "are8collection s,ste&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# contains "la ed reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!at contained in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ All t!e cit,s solid8 aste collection ve!icles ac0%ired a"ter 1HBB !ave a lar#e ca'acit, t!an an, o" t!ose ac0%ired be"ore 1HBB. T!is ve!icle !as t!e lar#est ca'acit, o" an, t!e cit, o ns9 so it &%st !ave been ac0%ired a"ter 1HBB. .1/ T!e soccer 'la,ers on t!e bl%e tea& are #enerall, taller t!an t!e 'la,ers on t!e #old tea&. Since :enri is a &e&ber o" t!e bl%e tea&9 !e is %ndo%btedl, taller t!an &ost o" t!e &e&bers o" t!e #old tea&. .C/ T!is to&ato is t!e lar#est o" t!is ,ears cro'. Since t!e to&atoes in t!e e('eri&ental 'lot are on avera#e lar#er t!an t!ose #ro n in t!e re#%lar 'lots9 t!is to&ato &%st !ave been #ro n in t!e e('eri&ent 'lot. .3/ Last eeks sno stor& in Toronto as 'robabl, an avera#e stor& "or t!e area. It as certainl, !eavier t!an an, sno stor& kno n to !ave occ%rred in Mia&i9 b%t an, avera#e sno stor& in Toronto leaves &ore sno t!an ever "alls in Mia&i. .E/ La n &o ers 'o ered b, electricit, #enerall, re0%ire less &aintenance t!an do la n &o ers 'o ered b, #asoline. T!is la n &o er is 'o ered b, #asoline9 so it ill 'robabl, re0%ire a lot o" &aintenance. 1B. $rieda: Li#!tnin# ca%ses "ires and da&a#es electronic e0%i'&ent. Since li#!tnin# rods can 'revent an, &a+or da&a#e9 ever, b%ildin# s!o%ld !ave one. Erik: *o%r reco&&endation is 'ointless. It is tr%e t!at li#!tnin# occasionall, ca%ses "ires9 b%t "a%lt, irin# and overloaded circ%its ca%se "ar &ore "ires and da&a#e to e0%i'&ent t!an li#!tnin# does. Eriks res'onse "ails to establis! t!at $riedas reco&&endation s!o%ld not be acted on beca%se !is res'onse .A/ does not s!o t!at t!e bene"its t!at o%ld "ollo "ro& $riedas reco&&endation o%ld be o""set b, an, disadvanta#e .1/ does not o""er an, additional a, o" lessenin# t!e risk associated it! li#!tnin# .C/ a''eals to $riedas e&otions rat!er t!an to !er reason .3/ introd%ces an irrelevant co&'arison bet een overloaded circ%its and "a%lt, irin# .E/ con"%ses t!e notion o" 'reventin# da&a#e it! t!at o" ca%sin# inconvenience 1H. T!e %se o" a%to&obile sa"et, seats b, c!ildren a#ed C and %nder !as nearl, do%bled in t!e 'ast B ,ears. It is clear t!at t!is increase !as 'revented c!ild "atalities t!at ot!er ise o%ld !ave occ%rred9 beca%se alt!o%#! t!e n%&ber o" c!ildren a#ed C and %nder !o ere killed !ile ridin# in cars involved in accidents rose 1I 'ercent over t!e 'ast B ,ears9 t!e total n%&ber o" serio%s http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CBI

a%to&obile accidents rose b, 5I 'ercent d%rin# t!at 'eriod. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ So&e o" t!e a%to&obile sa"et, seats '%rc!ased "or c!ildren %nder C contin%e to be %sed a"ter t!e c!ild reac!es t!e a#e o" @. .1/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" serio%s a%to&obile accidents involvin# c!ild 'assen#ers !as re&ained constant over t!e 'ast B ,ears. .C/ C!ildren are takin# &ore tri's in cars toda, t!an t!e, ere B ,ears a#o9 b%t t!e avera#e total ti&e t!e, s'end in cars !as re&ained constant. .3/ T!e s!ar'est increase in t!e %se o" a%to&obile sa"et, seats over t!e 'ast B ,ears !as been "or c!ildren over t!e a#e o" 5. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" "atalities a&on# ad%lts involved in a%to&obile accidents rose b, 1I 'ercent over t!e 'ast B ,ears. Questions !0-!1 T!e ne 'er"%&e A%rora s&ells orse to Joan t!an an, co&'arabl, 'riced 'er"%&e9 and none o" !er "riend likes t!e s&ell o" A%rora as &%c! as t!e s&ell o" ot!er 'er"%&es. :o ever9 s!e and !er "riends &%st !ave a de"ect in t!eir sense o" s&ell9 since Fro"essor Ja&eson 're"ers t!e s&ell o" A%rora to t!at o" an, ot!er 'er"%&e and s!e is one o" t!e orlds "ore&ost e('erts on t!e '!,siolo#, o" s&ell. 5I. T!e reasonin# is "la ed beca%se it .A/ calls into 0%estion t!e tr%t!"%lness o" t!e o''onent rat!er t!an addressin# t!e 'oint iss%e .1/ i#nore t!e ell8kno n "act t!at so&eone can 're"er one t!in# to anot!er it!o%t likin# eit!er ver, &%c! .C/ "ails to establis! t!at t!ere is ides'read a#ree&ent a&on# t!e e('erts in t!e "ield .3/ &akes an ille#iti&ate a''eal to t!e a%t!orit, o" an e('ert .E/ &isre'resents t!e 'osition a#ainst !ic! it is directed 51. $ro& t!e in"or&ation 'resented in t!e s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion9 it can be 'ro'erl, in"erred t!at .A/ none o" Joans "riends is an e('ert on t!e '!,siolo#, o" s&ell .1/ Joan 're"ers all ot!er 'er"%&es to A%rora .C/ Fro"essor Ja&eson is not one o" Joans "riends .3/ none o" Joans "riends likes A%rora 'er"%&e .E/ Joan and !er "riends all like t!e sa&e kinds o" 'er"%&es 55. At t!e end o" t!e ,ear9 6ilsons 3e'art&ent Store a ards "ree &erc!andise to its to' sales'eo'le. 6!en 'resented it! t!e "act t!at t!e n%&ber o" sales'eo'le receivin# t!ese a ards !as declined &arkedl, over t!e 'ast "i"teen ,ears9 t!e ne l, a''ointed 'resident o" t!e co&'an, res'onded9 >In t!at case9 since o%r http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CB1

a ard criterion at 'resent is &e&bers!i' in t!e to' t!ird o" o%r sales "orce9 e can also sa, t!at t!e n%&ber o" sales'eo'le 'assed over "or t!ese a ards !as si&ilarl, declined.? 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at o%ld allo t!e co&'an, 'residents concl%sion to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ Folicies at 6ilsons it! re#ard to !irin# sales'eo'le !ave not beco&e &ore la( over t!e 'ast "i"teen ,ears. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" sales'eo'le at 6ilsons !as increased over t!e 'ast "i"teen ,ears. .C/ T!e criterion %sed b, 6ilsons "or selectin# its a ard reci'ients !as re&ained t!e sa&e "or t!e 'ast "i"teen ,ears. .3/ T!e avera#e total sales "i#%res "or 6ilsons sales'eo'le !ave been declinin# "or "i"teen ,ears. .E/ 6ilsons calc%lates its sales'eo'les sales "i#%res in t!e sa&e a, as it did "i"teen ,ears a#o. 5<. T!e ca't%re o" a ild ani&al is +%sti"ied onl, as a last resort to save t!at ani&als li"e. 1%t &an, ild ani&als are ca't%red not beca%se t!eir lives are in an, dan#er b%t so t!at t!e, can be bred in ca'tivit,. :ence9 &an, ani&als t!at !ave been ca't%red s!o%ld not !ave been ca't%red. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar in its 'attern o" reasonin# to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ F%nis!in# a c!ild is +%sti"ied i" it is t!e onl, a, to re"or& 'oor be!avior. 1%t '%nis!&ent is never t!e onl, a, to re"or& 'oor be!avior. :ence9 '%nis!in# a c!ild is never +%sti"ied. .1/ Farents !o never '%nis! a c!ild are not +%sti"ied in co&'lainin# i" t!e c!ild re#%larl, be!aves in a,s t!at dist%rb t!e&. 1%t &an, 'arents !o 're"er not to '%nis! t!eir c!ildrens be!avior. :ence9 &an, 'arents !o co&'lain abo%t t!eir c!ildren !ave no ri#!t to co&'lain. .C/ F%nis!in# a ,o%n# c!ild is +%sti"ied onl, i" it is done o%t o" concern "or t!e c!ilds "%t%re el"are. 1%t &an, ,o%n# c!ildren are '%nis!ed not in order to 'ro&ote t!eir el"are b%t to &ini&i)e siblin# rivalr,. :ence9 &an, c!ildren !o are '%nis!ed s!o%ld not !ave been '%nis!ed. .3/ A teac!er is entitled to '%nis! a c!ild onl, i" t!e c!ilds 'arents !ave e('licitl, #iven t!e teac!er t!e 'er&ission to do so. 1%t &an, 'arents never #ive t!eir c!ilds teac!er t!e ri#!t to '%nis! t!eir c!ild. :ence9 &an, teac!ers s!o%ld not '%nis! t!eir '%'ils. .E/ Societ, !as no ri#!t to '%nis! c!ildren "or deeds t!at o%ld be cri&es i" t!e c!ildren ere ad%lts. 1%t societ, does !ave t!e ri#!t to 'rotest itsel" "ro& c!ildren !o are kno n t!reats. :ence9 con"ine&ent o" s%c! c!ildren does not constit%te '%nis!&ent.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CB5

5C. =ntil recentl, it as t!o%#!t t!at ink %sed be"ore t!e si(teent! cent%r, did not contain titani%&. :o ever9 a ne t,'e o" anal,sis detected titani%& in t!e ink o" t!e "a&o%s 1ible 'rinted b, Jo!annes G%tenber# and in t!at o" anot!er "i"teent!8 cent%r, 1ible kno n as 18<G9 t!o%#! not in t!e ink o" an, o" n%&ero%s ot!er "i"teent!8cent%r, books anal,)ed. T!is "indin# is o" #reat si#ni"icance9 since it not onl, stron#l, s%''orts t!e !,'ot!esis t!at 18<G as 'rinted b, G%tenber# b%t also s!o s t!at t!e 'resence o" titani%& in t!e ink o" t!e '%r'ortedl, "i"teent! cent%r, 4inland Ma' can no lon#er be re#arded as a reason "or do%btin# t!e &a's a%t!enticit,. T!e reasonin# in t!e 'assa#e is v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nd t!at .A/ t!e res%lts o" t!e anal,sis are inter'reted as indicatin# t!at t!e %se o" titani%& as an in#redient in "i"teent!8cent%r, ink bot! as9 and as not9 e(tre&el, restricted .1/ i" t!e tec!nolo#, t!at &akes it 'ossible to detect titani%& in 'rintin# ink !as onl, recentl, beco&e available9 it is %nlikel, t!at 'rinters or artists in t!e "i"teent! cent%r, o%ld kno !et!er t!eir ink contained titani%& or not .C/ it is %nreasonable to s%''ose t!at deter&ination o" t!e date and location o" a doc%&ents 'rintin# or dra in# can be &ade solel, on t!e basis o" t!e 'resence or absence o" a sin#le ele&ent in t!e ink %sed in t!e doc%&ent .3/ bot! t!e 18<G 1ible and t!e 4inland Ma' are ob+ects t!at can be a''reciated on t!eir o n &erits !et!er or not t!e 'recise date o" t!eir creation or t!e identit, o" t!e 'erson !o &ade t!e& is kno n .E/ t!e discover, o" titani%& in t!e ink o" t!e 4inland Ma' &%st !ave occ%rred be"ore titani%& as discovered in t!e ink o" t!e G%tenber# 1ible and t!e 18 <G 1ible 5@. All actors are e(%berant 'eo'le and all e(%berant 'eo'le are e(troverts9 b%t nevert!eless it is tr%e t!at so&e s!, 'eo'le are actors. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ So&e s!, 'eo'le are e(troverts. .1/ So&e s!, e(troverts are not actors. .C/ So&e e(%berant 'eo'le !o are actors are s!,. .3/ All 'eo'le !o are not e(troverts are not actors. .E/ So&e e(troverts are s!,. 5G. Science Acade&, st%d,: It !as been de&onstrated t!at it! nat%ral &et!ods9 so&e ell8&ana#ed "ar&s are able to red%ce t!e a&o%nts o" s,nt!etic "ertili)er and 'esticide and also o" antibiotics t!e, %se it!o%t necessaril, decreasin# ,ieldsD in so&e cases ,ields can be increased. Critics: 2ot so. T!e "ar&s t!e acade&, selected to st%d, ere t!e ones t!at see&ed &ost likel, to be s%ccess"%l in %sin# nat%ral &et!ods. 6!at abo%t t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CB<

"ar&ers !o !ave tried s%c! &et!ods and "ailed6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ost ade0%ate eval%ation o" t!e lo#ical "orce o" t!e critics res'onse.A/ S%ccess and "ail%re in "ar&in# are rarel, d%e onl, to l%ck9 beca%se "ar&in# is t!e &ana#e&ent o" c!ance occ%rrences. .1/ T!e critics s!o t!at t!e res%lt o" t!e st%d, o%ld !ave been di""erent i" t ice as &an, "ar&s !ad been st%died. .C/ T!e critics ass%&e it!o%t +%sti"ication t!at t!e "ail%res ere not d%e to soil 0%alit,. .3/ T!e critics de&onstrate t!at nat%ral &et!ods are not s%itable "or t!e &a+orit, o" "ra&ers. .E/ T!e iss%e is onl, to s!o t!at so&et!in# is 'ossible9 so it is not relevant !et!er t!e instances st%died ere re'resentative. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Most re#%lar co""ee is &ade "ro& arabica co""ee beans beca%se t!e #reat &a+orit, o" cons%&ers 're"er its #enerall, ric!er "lavor to t!at o" co""ee &ade "ro& rob%sta beans. Co""ee drinkers !o s itc! to deca""einated co""ee9 !o ever9 over !el&in#l, 're"er co""ee &ade "ro& rob%sta beans9 !ic! are %nlike arabica beans in t!at t!eir "lavors is not as #reatl, a""ected b, deca""eination. 3e'endin# on t!e t,'e o" bean involved9 deca""eination red%ces or re&oves vario%s s%bstances9 &ost o" !ic! are "lavor8ne%tral b%t one o" !ic! contrib%tes to t!e ric!ness o" t!e co""ees "lavor. T!e state&ents above 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sion.A/ T!e ann%al orld cro' o" arabica beans is not lar#e eno%#! to satis", co&'letel, t!e orld de&and "or re#%lar co""ee. .1/ Arabica beans contain &ore ca""eine 'er %nit o" ei#!t t!an do rob%sta beans. .C/ Co""ee drinkers !o drink deca""einated co""ee al&ost e(cl%sivel, are t!e ones !o 're"er re#%lar co""ee &ade "ro& rob%sta beans to re#%lar co""ee &ade "ro& arabica beans. .3/ 3eca""eination o" arabica beans e(tracts &ore o" t!e s%bstance t!at en!ances a co""ees "lavor t!an does deca""eination o" rob%sta beans. .E/ T!ere are co""ee drinkers !o s itc! "ro& drinkin# re#%lar co""ee &ade "ro& arabica beans to drinkin# deca""einated co""ee &ade "ro& arabica beans beca%se co""ee &ade "ro& arabica beans is less costl,.

5.

$or t!e 'ast 1< ,ears9 !i#! sc!ool #%idance co%nselors nation ide !ave http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CBC

i&'le&ented an a##ressive 'ro#ra& to convince !i#! sc!ool st%dents to select careers re0%irin# colle#e de#rees. T!e #overn&ent re'orted t!at t!e 'ercenta#e o" last ,ears !i#! sc!ool #rad%ates !o ent on to colle#e as 1@ 'ercent #reater t!an t!e 'ercenta#e o" t!ose !o #rad%ated 1I ,ears a#o and did so. T!e co%nselors concl%ded "ro& t!is re'ort t!at t!e 'ro#ra& !ad been s%ccess"%l. T!e #%idance co%nselors reasonin# de'ends on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions abo%t !i#! sc!ool #rad%ates.A/ T!e n%&ber o" #rad%ates !o ent on to colle#e re&ained constant eac! ,ear d%rin# t!e 1I8,ear 'eriod. .1/ An, colle#e co%rses t!at t!e #rad%ates take ill i&'rove t!eir career 'ros'ects. .C/ So&e o" t!e #rad%ates !o ent on to colle#e never received #%idance "ro& a !i#! sc!ool co%nselor. .3/ T!ere !as been a decrease in t!e n%&ber o" #rad%ates !o #o on to colle#e it!o%t career 'lans. .E/ Man, o" last ,ears #rad%ates !o ent on to colle#e did so in order to 're'are "or careers re0%irin# colle#e de#rees. <. Insectivoro%s 'lants9 !ic! %nlike ot!er 'lants !ave t!e abilit, to tra' and di#est insects9 can t!rive in soils t!at are too 'oor in &inerals to s%''ort noninsectivoro%s 'lants. *et t!e &ineral re0%ire&ents o" insectivoro%s 'lants are not noticeabl, di""erent "ro& t!e &ineral re0%ire&ents o" noninsectivoro%s 'lants. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses.A/ T!e insects t!at insectivoro%s 'lants tra' and di#est are es'eciall, ab%ndant !ere t!e soil is 'oor in &inerals. .1/ Insectivoro%s 'lants t!rive onl, in soils t!at are too 'oor in &inerals to s%''ort noninsectivoro%s 'lants. .C/ T!e t,'es o" &inerals re0%ired b, noninsectivoro%s 'lants are &ore likel, t!an are t!e t,'es o" &inerals re0%ired b, insectivoro%s 'lants to be "o%nd in soils 'oor in &inerals. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" di""erent environ&ents in !ic! insectivoro%s 'lants t!rive is #reater t!an t!e n%&ber o" di""erent environ&ents in !ic! noninsectivoro%s 'lants t!rive. .E/ Insectivoro%s 'lants can #et so&e o" t!e &inerals t!e, re0%ire "ro& t!e insects t!e, tra' and di#est. C. T!e re#ions ater a%t!orit, is res'ondin# to t!e c%rrent dro%#!t b, restrictin# residential ater %se. *et reservoir levels are no at t!e sa&e !ei#!t t!e, ere d%rin# t!e dro%#!t ten ,ears a#o !en no restrictions ere '%t into e""ect and none 'roved necessar,. T!ere"ore9 i&'osin# restriction no is clearl, 're&at%re. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, calls t!e concl%sion above http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CB@

into 0%estion.A/ T!ere are no &ore ater stora#e reservoirs in t!e re#ion t!an t!ere ere ten ,ears a#o. .1/ T!e 'o'%lation o" t!e re#ion is a''ro(i&atel, t!ree ti&es #reater t!an it as ten ,ears a#o. .C/ T!e re#ion c%rrentl, !as &ore so%rces o%tside t!e dro%#!t8stricken area "ro& !ic! to dra ater t!an it did ten ,ears a#o. .3/ T!e ater8cons%&in# !o&e a''liances and "i(t%res sold toda, are desi#ned to %se ater &ore e""icientl, t!an t!ose sold ten ,ears a#o. .E/ T!e 'rice o" ater "or residential %se is si#ni"icantl, !i#!er in t!e re#ion t!an it is in re#ions t!at are not dro%#!t8stricken. @. Mont#o&er,9 a biolo#ist !o is also ell read in arc!aeolo#,9 !as recentl, ritten a book on t!e ori#in and '%r'ose o" ancient &on%&ental arc!itect%re. T!is book !as received &%c! 'ositive attention in t!e 'o'%lar 'ress b%t !as been severel, critici)ed b, &an, 'ro"essional arc!aeolo#ists "or bein# too e(tre&e. Mont#o&er,s vie s do not deserve a ne#ative a''raisal9 !o ever9 since t!ose vie s are no &ore e(tre&e t!an t!e vie s o" so&e 'ro"essional arc!aeolo#ists. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It "ails to establis! t!at 'ro"essional arc!aeolo#ists vie s t!at are at least as e(tre&e as Mont#o&er,s vie s do not deserve ne#ative a''raisal "or t!at reason. .1/ It ass%&es it!o%t arrant t!at &an, 'ro"essional arc!aeolo#ists consider biolo#ists %n0%ali"ied to disc%ss ancient arc!itect%re. .C/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at &an, 'ro"essional arc!aeolo#ists are %n"a&iliar it! Mont#o&er,s vie s. .3/ It 'rovides no inde'endent evidence to s!o t!at t!e &a+orit, o" 'ro"essional arc!aeolo#ists do not s%''ort Mont#o&er,s vie s. .E/ It atte&'ts to s%''ort its 'osition b, callin# into 0%estion t!e &otives o" an,one !o s%''orts an o''osin# 'osition. G. C!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e is c!aracteri)ed b, 'rolon#ed "ati#%e9 &%sc%lar 'ain9 and ne%rolo#ical 'roble&s. It is not kno n !et!er t!ese s,&'to&s are all ca%sed b, a sin#le vir%s or !et!er eac! s,&'to& is t!e res%lt o" a se'arate viral in"ection. A ne l, s,nt!esi)ed dr%# !as been tested on t!ose !o s%""er "ro& c!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e. Alt!o%#! t!e s'eci"ic antiviral e""ects o" t!is dr%# are %nkno n9 it !as lessened t!e severit, o" all o" t!e s,&'to&s o" c!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e. T!%s t!ere is evidence t!at c!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e is9 in "act9 ca%sed b, one vir%s. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" "ollo in#.A/ All t!ose !o s%""er "ro& 'rolon#ed "ati#%e also s%""er "ro& ne%rolo#ical 'roble&s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CBG

.1/ It is &ore likel, t!at t!e ne dr%# co%nteracts one vir%s t!an t!at it co%nteracts several vir%ses. .C/ T!e s,&'to&s o" c!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e are dissi&ilar to t!ose o" an, ot!er s,ndro&e. .3/ Most s,ndro&es t!at are c!aracteri)ed b, related s,&'to&s are eac! ca%sed b, a sin#le viral in"ection. .E/ An antiviral &edication t!at eli&inates t!e &ost severe s,&'to&s o" c!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e t!ereb, c%res c!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e. A. 3ataCo&9 a co&'an, t!at "iled &an, 'atents last ,ear9 as "inanciall, &ore s%ccess"%l last ,ear t!an ere its co&'etitors9 none o" !ic! "iled &an, 'atents. It is t!ere"ore likel, t!at 3ataCo& o ed its #reater "inancial s%ccess to t!e "act t!at it "iled &an, 'atents last ,ear. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it .A/ 'res%''oses !at it sets o%t to de&onstrate abo%t t!e relations!i' bet een t!e "inancial s%ccess o" 3ataCo&s co&'etitors and t!e n%&ber o" 'atents t!e, "iled .1/ con"%sed a co&'an,s "inancial s%ccess it! its tec!nolo#ical innovativeness .C/ "ails to establis! !et!er an, one o" 3ataCo&s co&'etitors as "inanciall, &ore s%ccess"%l last ,ear t!an as an, ot!er .3/ #ives no reason to e(cl%de t!e 'ossibilit, t!at ot!er di""erences bet een 3ataCo& and its co&'etitors acco%nted "or its co&'arative "inancial s%ccess .E/ a''lies a #enerali)ation to an e(ce'tional case B. A !istor, book ritten !%ndreds o" ,ears a#o contains several inconsistencies. So&e sc!olars ar#%e t!at beca%se t!e book contains inconsistencies9 t!e a%t!or &%st !ave been #ettin# in"or&ation "ro& &ore t!an one so%rce. T!e concl%sion cited does not "ollo %nless .A/ a%t!ors #enerall, tr, to reconcile discre'ancies bet een so%rces .1/ t!e inconsistencies o%ld be a''arent to t!e avera#e reader o" t!e !istor, book at t!e 'resent ti&e .C/ t!e !istor, books a%t!or %sed no so%rce t!at contained inconsistencies re'eated in t!e !istor, book .3/ t!e a%t!or o" t!e !istor, book as a are o" t!e kinds o" inconsistencies t!at can arise !en &%lti'le so%rces are cons%lted .E/ t!e a%t!or o" t!e !istor, book as "a&iliar it! all o" t!e available so%rce &aterial t!at as relevant to t!e !istor, book H. So&e #a&es9 s%c! as c!ess and soccer9 are co&'etitive and 'la,ed accordin# to r%les9 b%t ot!ers9 s%c! as c!ildrens #a&es o" &ake believe9 are neit!er. T!ere"ore9 bein# co&'etitive and involvin# r%les are not essential to bein# a #a&e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CBA

6!ic! one o" "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar in its lo#ical "eat%res to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 1ot! t!e #o%r&et and t!e #l%tton en+o, eatin#. :o ever9 one can be a #l%tton9 b%t not a #o%r&et9 it!o%t !avin# an ed%cated 'alate. T!ere"ore9 !avin# an ed%cated 'alate is essential to bein# a #o%r&et9 b%t en+o,in# "ood is not. .1/ All 2ort! A&erican bears eat &eat. So&e ta(ono&ists9 !o ever9 !ave t!eori)ed t!at t!e #iant 'anda9 !ic! eats onl, ba&boo s!oots9 is a kind o" bear. Eit!er t!ere ta(ono&ists are ron# or eatin# &eat is not essential to bein# a bear. .C/ It is tr%e t!at do#s occasionall, eat ve#etation9 b%t i" do#s ere not carnivoro%s t!e, o%ld be s!a'ed 0%ite di""erentl, "ro& t!e a, t!e, are. T!ere"ore9 bein# carnivoro%s is essential to bein# a do#. .3/ Most a%to&obiles9 and nearl, all o" t!ose 'rod%ced toda,9 are #asoline8 "%eled and "o%r8 !eeled9 b%t ot!ers9 s%c! as so&e e('eri&ental electric cars9 are neit!er. T!ere"ore9 bein# #asoline8"%eled and !avin# "o%r !eels are not essential to bein# an a%to&obile. .E/ Montreals &ost va%nted c!aracteristics9 s%c! as its cos&o'olitanis& and its vitalit,9 are all to be "o%nd in &an, ot!er cities. T!ere"ore9 cos&o'olitanis& and vitalit, are not essential 'ro'erties o" Montreal. Questions 10-11 :o%se!old indebtedness9 !ic! so&e t!eorists re#ard as ca%sin# recession9 as !i#! 'recedin# t!e recent recession9 b%t so as t!e val%e o" assets o ned b, !o%se!olds. Ad&ittedl,9 i" &ost o" t!e assets ere o ned b, 0%ite a""l%ent !o%se!olds9 and &ost o" t!e debt as o ed b, lo 8inco&e !o%se!olds9 !i#! !o%se!old debt levels co%ld !ave been t!e ca%se o" t!e recession des'ite !i#! asset val%es: lo 8inco&e !o%se!olds &i#!t !ave decreased s'endin# in order to 'a, o"" debts !ile t!e 0%ite a""l%ent ones &i#!t si&'l, !ave "ailed to increase s'endin#. 1%t9 in "act9 0%ite a""l%ent 'eo'le &%st !ave o ed &ost o" t!e !o%se!old debt9 since &one, is not lent to t!ose it!o%t assets. T!ere"ore9 t!e real ca%se &%st lie else !ere. 1I. T!e ar#%&ent is str%ct%red to lead to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ :i#! levels o" !o%se!old debt did not ca%se t!e recent recession. .1/ Lo 8inco&e !o%se!olds s%cceeded in 'a,in# o"" t!eir debts des'ite t!e recent recession. .C/ A""l%ent 'eo'le 'robabl, increased t!eir s'endin# levels d%rin# t!e recent recession. .3/ :i#! levels o" !o%se!old debt !ave little i&'act on t!e econo&,. .E/ 6!en 'eo'le borro ed &one, 'rior to t!e recent recession9 t!e, did not %se it to '%rc!ase assets. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost do%bt on t!e ar#%&enthttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CBB

.A/ Frior to t!e recent recession9 &iddle8inco&e !o%se!olds o ed eno%#! debt t!at t!e, !ad be#%n to decrease s'endin#. .1/ T!e total val%e o" t!e econo&,s !o%se!old debt is e(ceeded b, t!e total val%e o" assets !eld b, !o%se!olds. .C/ Lo 8inco&e !o%se!olds so&e !at decreased t!eir s'endin# d%rin# t!e recent recession. .3/ 3%rin# a recession t!e a""l%ent %s%all, borro &one, onl, in order to '%rc!ase assets. .E/ :o%se!old debt is t!e cate#or, o" debt least likel, to a""ect t!e econo&,. 15. $ossil8"%el e&issions9 considered a ke, "actor in t!e '!eno&enon kno n as #lobal ar&in#9 contain t o #ases9 carbon dio(ide and s%l"%r dio(ide9 t!at !ave o''osite e""ects on at&os'!eric te&'erat%res. Carbon dio(ide tra's !eat9 tendin# to ar& t!e at&os'!ere9 !ereas s%l"%r dio(ide t%rns into s%l"ate aerosols t!at re"lect s%nli#!t back to ard s'ace9 t!ereb, tendin# to cool t!e at&os'!ere. Given t!at t!e !eat8tra''in# e""ect is stron#er t!an t!e coolin# e""ect9 c%ttin# "ossil8"%el e&issions &i#!t be e('ected to slo t!e rise in #lobal te&'erat%res. *et9 s%r'risin#l,9 i" "ossil8"%el e&issions ere c%t toda,9 #lobal ar&in# o%ld act%all, be en!anced "or &ore t!an t!ree decades be"ore t!e te&'erat%re rise be#an to slo . 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e clai& &ade in t!e last sentence above.A/ Carbon dio(ide sta,s in t!e at&os'!ere "or &an, decades9 !ile t!e s%l"ate aerosols "all o%t it!in da,s. .1/ S%l"%r 'oll%tion is not s'read evenl, aro%nd t!e #lobe b%t is concentrated in t!e 2ort!ern :e&is'!ere9 !ere t!ere is a relativel, !i#! concentration o" ind%str,. .C/ 6!ile it !as lon# been %nderstood t!at s%l"%r dio(ide is a !ar&"%l 'oll%tant9 it !as been %nderstood onl, recentl, t!at carbon dio(ide &i#!t also be a !ar&"%l 'oll%tant. .3/ Carbon dio(ide is 'rod%ced not onl, b, a%to&obiles b%t also b, 'o er 'lants t!at b%rn "ossil "%els. .E/ 1eca%se "ossil8"%el e&issions contain s%l"%r dio(ide9 t!e, contrib%te not onl, to #lobal ar&in# b%t also to acid rain. 1<. Folice '%blis!ed a > anted? 'oster "or a cri&inal "%#itive in a &edical +o%rnal9 beca%se t!e "%#itive as kno n to !ave a certain ac%te nonin"ectio%s skin 'roble& t!at o%ld event%all, re0%ire a visit to a doctor. T!e 'oster asked "or in"or&ation abo%t t!e !ereabo%ts o" t!e "%#itive. A '!,sicians res'ondin# to t!e 'osters re0%est "or in"or&ation o%ld not violate &edical et!ics9 since '!,sicians are alread, s%b+ect to re0%ire&ents to re'ort #%ns!ot o%nds to 'olice and certain in"ectio%s diseases to !ealt! a%t!orities. T!ese e(ce'tions to con"identialit, are clearl, et!ical. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CBH

6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 !ile re&ainin# co&'atible it! t!e re0%ire&ents cited above9 s%''orts t!e vie t!at a '!,sicians res'ondin# to t!e re0%est o%ld violate &edical et!ics.A/ Since a '!,sician acts bot! as a 'ro"essional 'erson and as a citi)en9 it is not et!ical "or a '!,sician to conceal in"or&ation abo%t 'atients "ro& d%l, constit%ted la en"orce&ent a#encies t!at !ave 'ro'er +%risdiction. .1/ Since a 'atient co&es to a '!,sician it! t!e e('ectation t!at t!e 'atients visit and &edical condition ill re&ain con"idential9 it is not et!ical "or a '!,sician to s!are t!is in"or&ation it! an,one e(ce't 'ersonnel it!in t!e '!,sicians o""ice. .C/ Since t!e 'ri&ar, concern o" &edicine is individ%al and '%blic !ealt!9 it is not et!ical "or a '!,sician9 e(ce't in t!e case o" #%ns!ot o%nds9 to red%ce 'atients illin#ness to co&e "or treat&ent b, a 'olic, o" disclosin# t!eir identities to la 8en"orce&ent a#encies. .3/ E(ce't as re0%ired b, t!e &edical treat&ent o" t!e 'atient9 '!,sicians cannot et!icall, disclose to ot!ers in"or&ation abo%t a 'atients identit, or &edical condition it!o%t t!e 'atients consent. .E/ E(ce't to ot!er &edical 'ersonnel orkin# to 'reserve or restore t!e !ealt! o" a 'atient or o" ot!er 'ersons9 '!,sicians cannot et!icall, disclose in"or&ation abo%t t!e identit, o" 'atients or t!eir &edical condition. 1C. In#rid: Rock &%sic !as 'rod%ced no son#s as d%rable as t!e son#s o" t!e 1HCIs9 !ic! contin%e to be recorded b, n%&ero%s 'er"or&ers. Jero&e: Tr%e9 rock son#s are %s%all, recorded onl, once. I" t!e ori#inal recordin# contin%es to be 'o'%lar9 !o ever9 t!at "act can indicate d%rabilit,9 and t!e best rock son#s ill 'rove to be d%rable. Jero&e res'onds to In#rids clai& b, .A/ intentionall, &isinter'retin# t!e clai& .1/ s!o in# t!at t!e clai& necessaril, leads to a contradiction .C/ %nder&inin# t!e tr%t! o" t!e evidence t!at In#rid 'resents .3/ s%##estin# an alternative standard "or +%d#in# t!e 'oint at iss%e .E/ clai&in# t!at In#rids kno led#e o" t!e 'eriod %nder disc%ssion is inco&'lete 1@. :ealt! ins%rance ins%lates 'atients "ro& t!e e('ense o" &edical care9 #ivin# doctors al&ost co&'lete discretion in decidin# t!e co%rse o" &ost &edical treat&ents. Moreover9 it! doctors bein# 'aid "or eac! 'roced%re 'er"or&ed9 t!e, !ave an incentive to overtreat 'atients. It is t!%s clear t!at &edical 'roced%res ad&inistered b, doctors are "re0%entl, 'rescribed onl, beca%se t!ese 'roced%res lead to "inancial re ards. T!e ar#%&ent %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estionable tec!ni0%es.A/ assi#nin# res'onsibilit, "or a certain res%lt to so&eone !ose involve&ent in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CHI

t!e events leadin# to t!at res%lt as '%rel, coincidental .1/ in"errin# t!e 'er"or&ance o" certain actions on no basis ot!er t!an t!e e(istence o" bot! incentive and o''ort%nit, "or 'er"or&in# t!ose actions .C/ 'resentin# as ca'ricio%s and idios,ncratic decisions t!at are based on t!e ri#oro%s a''lication o" ell8de"ined 'rinci'les .3/ de'ictin# c!oices as !avin# been &ade arbitraril, b, dis&issin# it!o%t ar#%&ent reasons t!at !ave been #iven "or t!ese c!oices .E/ ass%&in# t!at t!e irrelevance o" a consideration "or one 'artici'ant in a decision &akes t!at consideration irrelevant "or eac! 'artici'ant in t!e decision 1G. C!loro"l%orocarbons are t!e best 'ossible solvents to !ave in car en#ines "or cleanin# t!e electronic sensors in &odern a%to&obile i#nition s,ste&s. T!ese solvents !ave contrib%ted si#ni"icantl, to a%to&akers abilit, to &eet le#all, &andated e&ission standards. 2o a%to&akers ill !ave to '!ase o%t t!e %se o" c!loro"l%orocarbons at t!e sa&e ti&e t!at e&ission standards are beco&in# &ore strin#ent. I" %nder t!e circ%&stances described above cars contin%e to &eet e&ission standards9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ost stron#l, s%''orted in"erence.A/ As e&ission standards beco&e &ore strin#ent9 a%to&akers ill increasin#l, coo'erate it! eac! ot!er in t!e area o" e&ission control. .1/ Car en#ines ill be radicall, redesi#ned so as to do a a, it! t!e need "or cleanin# t!e electronic i#nition sensors. .C/ T!ere ill be a &arked s!i"t to ard s&aller9 li#!ter cars t!at ill !ave less 'o er"%l en#ines b%t ill %se t!eir "%el &ore e""icientl,. .3/ T!e solvents develo'ed to re'lace c!loro"l%orocarbons in car en#ines ill be onl, &ar#inall, less e""ective t!an t!e c!loro"l%orocarbons t!e&selves. .E/ So&et!in# ot!er t!an t!e cleansers "or electronic i#nition sensors ill &ake a relativel, #reater contrib%tion to &eetin# e&ission standards t!an at 'resent. Questions 1'-18 T o alternative dr%#s are available to 'revent blood clots "ro& develo'in# a"ter a !eart attack. Accordin# to t o &a+or st%dies9 dr%# * does t!is no &ore e""ectivel, t!an t!e &ore e('ensive dr%# Q9 b%t dr%# Q is eit!er no &ore or onl, sli#!tl, &ore e""ective t!an dr%# *. 3r%# Qs &an%"act%rer9 !ic! !as en#a#ed in 0%estionable &arketin# 'ractices s%c! as o""erin# stock o'tions to doctors !o 'artici'ate in clinical trials o" dr%# Q9 does not contest t!e res%lts o" t!e st%dies b%t clai&s t!at t!e, do not reveal dr%# Qs advanta#es. :o ever9 since dr%# Q does not clearl, treat t!e 'roble& &ore e""ectivel, t!an dr%# *9 t!ere is no establis!ed &edical reason "or doctors to %se dr%# Q rat!er t!an dr%# * on t!eir !eart8attack victi&s. 1A. A &a+or "la in t!e ar#%&ent is t!at t!e ar#%&ent

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CH1

.A/ does not consider dr%#s or treat&ents ot!er t!an dr%# * and Q t!at &a, be %sed to 'revent blood clottin# in !eart8attack 'atients .1/ ne#lects to co&'are t!e &arketin# 'ractices o" dr%# *s &an%"act%rer it! t!ose o" dr%# Qs &an%"act%rer .C/ "ails to reco#ni)e t!at t!ere &a, be &edical criteria relevant to t!e c!oice bet een t!e t o dr%#s ot!er t!an t!eir e""ectiveness as a treat&ent .3/ ass%&es it!o%t 'roo" t!at t!e t o dr%#s are si&ilar in t!eir e""ectiveness as treat&ents beca%se t!e, are si&ilar in t!eir c!e&ical co&'osition .E/ con"%ses econo&ic reasons "or selectin# a treat&ent it! &edical reasons 1B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld &ost !el' to +%sti", a doctors decision to %se dr%# Q rat!er t!an dr%# * !en treatin# a 'atient.A/ 7nl, 'atients to !o& t!e cost o" an e('ensive treat&ent ill not be a "inancial !ards!i' s!o%ld receive t!at treat&ent rat!er t!an a less e('ensive alternative one. .1/ 3octors !o are illin# to assist in researc! on t!e relative e""ectiveness o" dr%#s b, 'artici'atin# in clinical trials deserve "air re&%neration "or t!at 'artici'ation. .C/ T!e decision to %se a 'artic%lar dr%# !en treatin# a 'atient s!o%ld not be in"l%enced b, t!e &arketin# 'ractices e&'lo,ed b, t!e co&'an, &an%"act%rin# t!at dr%#. .3/ A dr%# co&'an,s criticis& o" st%dies o" its 'rod%ct t!at do not re'ort "avorabl, on t!at 'rod%ct is %navoidabl, biased and t!ere"ore invalid. .E/ 6!ere alternative treat&ents e(ist and t!ere is a c!ance t!at one is &ore e""ective t!an t!e ot!er9 t!e 'ossibl, &ore e""ective one s!o%ld be e&'lo,ed9 re#ardless o" cost. 1H. Jane: Accordin# to an article in t!is ne s&a#a)ine9 c!ildrens !and8e,e coordination s%""ers !en t!e, s'end a #reat a&o%nt o" ti&e atc!in# television. T!ere"ore9 e &%st restrict t!e a&o%nt o" ti&e Jac0%eline and Mildred are allo ed to atc! television. Alan: R%bbis!J T!e article sa,s t!at onl, c!ildren %nder t!ree are a""ected in t!at a,. Jac0%eline is ten and Mildred is ei#!t. T!ere"ore9 e need not restrict t!eir television vie in#. Alans ar#%&ent a#ainst Janes concl%sion &akes !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# errors in reasonin#.A/ It relies on t!e sa&e so%rce t!at Jane cited in s%''ort o" !er concl%sion. .1/ It con"%ses %nder&inin# an ar#%&ent in s%''ort o" a #iven concl%sion it! s!o in# t!at t!e concl%sion itsel" is "alse. .C/ It does not address t!e &ain 'oint o" Janes ar#%&ent and "oc%ses instead on a side iss%e. .3/ It &akes an irrelevant a''eal to an a%t!orit,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CH5

.E/ It "ails to distin#%is! t!e conse0%ences o" a certain 'ractice "ro& t!e ca%ses o" t!e 'ractice. 5I. A ne #ardenin# rake it! an S8s!a'ed !andle red%ces co&'ression stress on t!e s'ine d%rin# t!e '%ll stroke to abo%t one8"i"t! o" !at it is it! a strai#!t8!andled rake. 3%rin# t!e '%s! stroke9 !o ever9 co&'ression stress is "ive ti&es &ore it! t!e ne rake t!an it! a strai#!t8!andled rake. 2eit!er t!e '%s! stroke nor t!e '%ll stroke it! a strai#!t8!andled rake 'rod%ces eno%#! co&'ression stress to ca%se in+%r,9 b%t co&'ression stress d%rin# t!e '%s! stroke it! t!e ne rake is above t!e dan#er level. T!ere"ore9 strai#!t8!andled rakes are better t!an t!e ne rakes "or &ini&i)in# risk o" s'inal in+%r,. T!e concl%sion above is 'ro'erl, dra n "ro& t!e 're&ises #iven i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is tr%e.A/ Co&'ression stress res%ltin# "ro& '%s!in# is t!e onl, ca%se o" in+%ries to t!e s'ine t!at occ%rs as a res%lt o" rakin#. .1/ Rakin# is a "re0%ent ca%se o" s'inal in+%r, a&on# #ardeners. .C/ T!e redesi#n o" a tool rarel, res%lts in a net #ain o" e""icienc,9 since #ains tend to be co%nterbalanced b, losses. .3/ A #arden rake can never be %sed in s%c! a a, t!at all t!e strokes it! t!at rake are '%s! strokes. .E/ It is not 'ossible to desi#n a #arden rake it! a !andle t!at is ot!er t!an strai#!t or S8s!a'ed. 51. So&e 'eo'le "ear t!at #lobal ar&in# ill ca%se t!e lar#e ice "or&ations in t!e 'olar seas to &elt9 t!ereb, ar&in# t!e ater o" t!ose seas and t!reatenin# t!e 'lankton t!at is cr%cial to t!e &arine "ood c!ain. So&e scientists contend t!at it is %nlikel, t!at t!e &eltin# 'rocess !as be#%n9 since ater te&'erat%res in t!e 'olar seas are t!e sa&e toda, as t!e, ere a cent%r, a#o. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e scientists contention.A/ M%c! o" t!e &arine 'lant li"e t!at "lo%ris!ed in t!e 'olar seas ill die in t!e event t!at t!e ater te&'erat%res rise above t!eir 'resent levels. .1/ T!e overall e""ect o" t!e &eltin# 'rocess ill be an increase in #lobal sea levels. .C/ T!e &ean air te&'erat%re above bot! land and ater in t!e 'olar re#ions !as not varied si#ni"icantl, over t!e 'ast 1II ,ears. .3/ T!e te&'erat%re o" ater t!at contains &eltin# ice tends to re&ain constant %ntil all o" t!e ice in t!e ice8and8 ater &i(t%re !as &elted. .E/ T!e &ean te&'erat%re o" ocean aters near t!e e0%ator !as re&ained constant over t!e 'ast 1II ,ears. 55. A lon#8ter& !ealt! st%d, t!at "ollo ed a #ro%' o" 'eo'le !o ere a#e <@ in 1H@I "o%nd t!at t!ose !ose ei#!t increased b, a''ro(i&atel, !al" a kilo#ra& http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CH<

or one 'o%nd 'er ,ear a"ter t!e a#e o" <@ tended9 on t!e !ole9 to live lon#er t!an t!ose !o &aintained t!e ei#!t t!e, !ad at a#e <@. T!is "indin# see&s at variance it! ot!er st%dies t!at !ave associated ei#!t #ain it! a !ost o" !ealt! 'roble&s t!at tend to lo er li"e e('ectanc,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arentl, con"lictin# "indin#s.A/ As 'eo'le a#e9 &%scle and bone tiss%e tends to &ake %' a s&aller and s&aller 'ro'ortion o" total bod, ei#!t. .1/ Individ%als !o red%ce t!eir c!olesterol levels b, losin# ei#!t can t!ereb, also red%ce t!eir risk o" d,in# "ro& !eart attacks or strokes. .C/ S&okers9 !o tend to be leaner t!an nons&okers9 tend to !ave s!orter li"e s'ans t!an nons&okers. .3/ T!e nor&al deterioration o" t!e !%&an i&&%ne s,ste& it! a#e can be slo ed do n b, a red%ction in t!e n%&ber o" calories cons%&ed. .E/ 3iets t!at tend to lead to ei#!t #ain o"ten contain not onl, e(cess "at b%t also %n!ealt!"%l concentrations o" s%#ar and sodi%&. 5<. Ins%rance ind%str, statistics de&onstrate t!at cars it! alar&s or ot!er antit!e"t devices are &ore likel, to be stolen or broken into t!an cars it!o%t s%c! devices or alar&s. T!ere"ore antit!e"t devices do not 'rotect cars a#ainst t!ieves. T!e 'attern o" "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Since s%rve,s reveal t!at co&&%nities it! "lo%ris!in# '%blic libraries !ave9 on avera#e9 better8ed%cated citi)ens9 it "ollo s t!at #ood sc!ools are t,'icall, "o%nd in co&&%nities it! '%blic libraries. .1/ Most '%blic libraries are obvio%sl, intended to serve t!e interests o" t!e cas%al reader9 beca%se &ost '%blic libraries contain lar#e collections o" "iction and relativel, s&all re"erence collections. .C/ St%dies reveal t!at 'eo'le !o are re#%lar %sers o" libraries '%rc!ase &ore books 'er ,ear t!an do 'eo'le !o do not %se libraries re#%larl,. :ence %sin# libraries re#%larl, does not red%ce t!e n%&ber o" books t!at librar, 'atrons '%rc!ase. .3/ Since ,o%n#sters !o read voracio%sl, are &ore likel, to !ave de"ective vision t!an ,o%n#sters !o do not read ver, &%c!9 it "ollo s t!at c!ildren !o do not like to read %s%all, !ave 'er"ect vision. .E/ Societies t!at s%''ort "ree '%blic libraries are &ore likel, to s%''ort "ree '%blic %niversities t!an are societies it!o%t "ree '%blic libraries. :ence a societ, t!at is!ed to establis! a "ree '%blic %niversit, s!o%ld "irst establis! a "ree '%blic librar,. 5C. T!e 'roble& t!at environ&ental econo&ics ai&s to re&ed, is t!e "ollo in#: 'eo'le &akin# econo&ic decisions cannot readil, co&'are environ&ental http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CHC

"actors9 s%c! as clean air and t!e s%rvival o" endan#ered s'ecies9 it! ot!er costs and bene"its. As environ&ental econo&ists reco#ni)e9 solvin# t!is 'roble& re0%ires assi#nin# &onetar, val%es to environ&ental "actors. 1%t &onetar, val%es res%lt "ro& 'eo'le co&'arin# costs and bene"its in order to arrive at econo&ic decisions. T!%s9 environ&ental econo&ics is st,&ied b, !at &otivates it. I" t!e considerations advanced in its s%''ort are tr%e9 t!e 'assa#es concl%sion is s%''orted .A/ stron#l,9 on t!e ass%&'tion t!at &onetar, val%es "or environ&ent "actors cannot be assi#ned %nless 'eo'le &ake econo&ic decisions abo%t t!ese "actors .1/ stron#l,9 %nless econo&ic decision8&akin# !as not ,et !ad an, e""ect on t!e t!in#s cate#ori)ed as environ&ental "actors .C/ at best eakl,9 beca%se t!e 'assa#e "ails to establis! t!at econo&ic decision8 &akers do not b, and lar#e take ade0%ate acco%nt o" environ&ental "actors .3/ at best eakl,9 beca%se t!e ar#%&ent ass%&es t!at 'oll%tion and ot!er e""ects on environ&ental "actors rarel, res%lt "ro& econo&ic decision8&akin# .E/ not at all9 since t!e ar#%&ent is circ%lar9 takin# t!at concl%sion as one o" its 're&ises

TEST 14
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Fa'erback books ear o%t &ore 0%ickl, t!an !ardcover books do9 b%t 'a'erback books cost &%c! less. T!ere"ore9 %sers o" '%blic libraries o%ld be better served i" '%blic libraries bo%#!t onl, 'a'erback books9 since b, so doin# t!ese libraries co%ld increase t!e n%&ber o" ne book titles added to t!eir collections it!o%t increasin# t!eir b%d#ets. 6!ic! one " t!e "ollo in#9 i" r%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ I" a '%blic librar,s overall b%d#et is c%t9 t!e b%d#e "or ne ac0%isitions is %s%all, c%t back &ore t!an is t!at "or da,8to8da, o'erations. .1/ Fa'erback books can ver, ine('ensivel, !ave t!eir covers rein"orced in order to &ake t!e& last lon#er. .C/ Man, 'a'erback books are never '%blis!ed in !ardcover. .3/ Librar, %sers as a #ro%' de'end on t!eir '%blic librar, "or access to a ide variet, o" %'8to8date re"erence books t!at are '%blis!ed in !ardcover onl,. .E/ Feo'le are &ore likel, to b%, "or t!e&selves a co', o" a book t!e, !ad 'revio%sl, borro ed "ro& t!e '%blic librar, i" t!at book is available in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CH@

'a'erback. 5. Garba#e in t!is nei#!bor!ood 'robabl, ill not be collected %ntil T!%rsda, t!is eek. Garba#e is %s%all, collected !ere on 6ednesda,s9 and t!e #arba#e collectors in t!is cit, are e(tre&el, reliable. :o ever9 Monda, as a '%blic !olida,9 and a"ter a '%blic !olida, t!at "alls on a Monda,9 #arba#e t!ro%#!o%t t!e cit, is s%''osed to be collected one da, later t!an %s%al. T!e ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ treatin# several 'ieces o" irrelevant evidence as t!o%#! t!e, 'rovide s%''ort "or t!e concl%sion .1/ indirectl, establis!in# t!at one t!in# is likel, to occ%r b, directl, r%lin# o%t all o" t!e alternative 'ossibilities .C/ 'rovidin# in"or&ation t!at allo s a''lication o" a #eneral r%le to a s'eci"ic case .3/ #enerali)in# abo%t all actions o" a certain kind on t!e basis o" a descri'tion o" one s%c! action .E/ treatin# so&et!in# t!at is 'robable as t!o%#! it ere inevitable <. 6!en co&'act discs "irst entered t!e &arket9 t!e, ere 'riced si#ni"icantl, !i#!er t!an vin,l records. Man%"act%rers attrib%ted t!e di""erence in 'rice to t!e di""erence in 'rod%ction costs9 sa,in# t!at co&'act disc 'rod%ction as e('ensive beca%se t!e tec!nolo#, as ne and %n"a&iliar. As t!e tec!nolo#, beca&e &ore e""icient9 t!e 'rice o" t!e discs did indeed co&e do n. 1%t vin,l records9 !ose 'rod%ction tec!nolo#, !as lon# been establis!ed t!en ent %' in 'rice to a''roac! t!at o" co&'act discs. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost !el's to e('lain !, t!e 'rice o" vin,l records ent %'.A/ Cons%&ers ere so ent!%siastic abo%t t!e i&'roved so%nd 0%alit, o""ered b, co&'act disc tec!nolo#, t!at t!e, ere illin# to 'a, !i#!er 'rice to obtain it. .1/ So&e cons%&ers !o contin%ed to b%, vin,l records instead o" co&'act discs did so beca%se t!e, ere %n illin# to 'a, a !i#!er 'rice "or co&'act discs. .C/ As cons%&ers bo%#!t co&'act discs instead o" vin,l records9 t!e n%&ber o" vin,l records 'rod%ced decreased9 &akin# t!eir 'rod%ction less cost8 e""icient. .3/ Co&'act disc 'la,er tec!nolo#, contin%ed to c!an#e and develo' even a"ter co&'act discs "irst entered t!e &arket. .E/ 6!en co&'act discs "irst entered t!e &arket9 &an, cons%&ers contin%ed to b%, vin,l records rat!er t!an b%,in# t!e e0%i'&ent necessar, to 'la, co&'act discs. C. Conservationists !ave establis!ed land reserves to 'reserve t!e last re&ainin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CHG

!abitat "or certain s'ecies !ose s%rvival de'ends on t!e e(istence o" s%c! !abitat. A #rove o" trees in Me(ico t!at 'rovide !abitat "or 2ort! A&erican &onarc! b%tter"lies in inter is a t,'ical e(a&'le o" s%c! a land reserve. I" #lobal ar&in# occ%rs as 'redicted9 !o ever9 t!e te&'erat%re bands it!in !ic! vario%s t,'es o" ve#etation can #ro ill s!i"t into re#ions t!at are c%rrentl, cooler. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!e, 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ I" #lobal ar&in# occ%rs as 'redicted9 t!e conservation land reserves ill cease to serve t!eir '%r'ose. .1/ Monarc! b%tter"lies ill s%cceed in ada'tin# to cli&atic c!an#e b, s!ortenin# t!eir &i#ration. .C/ I" #lobal ar&in# occ%rs9 it ill &elt 'olar ice and so ill ca%se t!e sea level to rise so !i#! t!at &an, coastal 'lants and ani&als ill beco&e e(tinct. .3/ T!e nat%ral orld !as ada'ted &an, ti&es in t!e 'ast to drastic #lobal ar&in# and coolin#. .E/ I" #lobal ar&in# occ%rs ra'idl,9 s'ecies o" 'lants and ani&als no 'rotected in conservation land reserves ill &ove to in!abit areas t!at are c%rrentl, %sed "or a#ric%lt%re. @. $inancial s%ccess does not #%arantee !a''iness. T!is clai& is not &ere 'roverbial isdo& b%t a "act veri"ied b, statistics. In a recentl, concl%ded s%rve,9 onl, one8 t!ird o" t!e res'ondents !o clai&ed to !ave ac!ieved "inancial s%ccess re'orted t!at t!e, ere !a'',. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e concl%sion dra n "ro& t!e s%rve, res%lts.A/ T!e res'ondents !o re'orted "inancial s%ccess ere9 "or t!e &ost 'art9 "inanciall, s%ccess"%l. .1/ $inancial s%ccess as once t!o%#!t to be necessar, "or !a''iness b%t is no lon#er considered a 'rere0%isite "or !a''iness. .C/ Man, o" t!e res'ondents !o clai&ed not to !ave ac!ieved "inancial s%ccess re'orted t!at t!e, ere !a'', "ive ,ears a#o. .3/ Man, o" t!e res'ondents !o "ailed to re'ort "inancial s%ccess ere in "act "inanciall, s%ccess"%l. .E/ Most o" t!e res'ondents !o re'orted t!e, ere %n!a'', ere in "act !a'',. G. T!e distance t!at ani&als travel eac! da, and t!e si)e o" t!e #ro%'s in !ic! t!e, live are !i#!l, correlated it! t!eir diets. And diet itsel" de'ends in lar#e 'art on t!e si)es and s!a'es o" ani&als teet! and "aces. T!e state&ents above 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Ani&als t!at eat &eat travel in relativel, s&all #ro%'s and across relativel, s&all ran#es co&'ared to ani&als t!at eat 'lants. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CHA

.1/ Ani&als t!at !ave varied diets can be e('ected to be lar#er and &ore rob%st t!an ani&als t!at eat onl, one or t o kinds o" "ood. .C/ 6!en individ%al !erd ani&als lose t!eir teet! t!ro%#! a#e or in+%r,9 t!ose ani&als are likel, to travel at t!e rear o" t!eir !erd. .3/ In"or&ation abo%t t!e si)e and s!a'e o" an ani&als "ace is all t!at is needed to identi", t!e s'ecies to !ic! t!at ani&al belon#s. .E/ In"or&ation abo%t t!e si)e and s!a'e o" an e(tinct ani&als teet! and "ace can establis! !et!er t!at ani&al is likel, to !ave been a !erd ani&al. A. It is not correct t!at t!e 'eo'le o" t!e =nited States9 relative to co&'arable co%ntries9 are t!e &ost li#!tl, ta(ed. Tr%e9 t!e =nited States !as t!e lo est ta(9 as 'ercent o" #ross do&estic 'rod%ct9 o" t!e 6estern ind%striali)ed co%ntries9 b%t ta( rates alone do not tell t!e !ole stor,. Feo'le in t!e =nited States 'a, o%t o" 'ocket "or &an, #oods and services 'rovided "ro& ta( reven%es else !ere. Consider %niversal !ealt! care9 !ic! is an entitle&ent s%''orted b, ta( reven%es in ever, ot!er 6estern ind%striali)ed co%ntr,9 =nited States #overn&ent !ealt!8 care e('endit%res are e0%ivalent to abo%t @ 'ercent o" t!e #ross do&estic 'rod%ct9 b%t 'rivate !ealt!8care e('endit%res re'resent anot!er A 'ercent. T!is A 'ercent9 t!en9 a&o%nts to a ta(. T!e ar#%&ent concernin# !et!er t!e 'eo'le o" t!e =nited States are t!e &ost li#!tl, ta(ed is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It bases a co&'arison on 'ercenta#es rat!er t!an on absol%te n%&bers. .1/ It %nreasonabl, e(tends t!e a''lication o" a ke, ter&. .C/ It %ses ne#ativel, c!ar#ed lan#%a#e instead o" atte&'tin# to #ive a reason. .3/ It #enerali)es "ro& onl, a "e instances. .E/ It sets %' a dic!oto&, bet een alternatives t!at are not e(cl%sive. B. 4ario%s &id8"o%rteent!8cent%r, E%ro'ean riters s!o an interest in #a&es9 b%t no riter o" t!is 'eriod &entions t!e 'la,in# o" cards. 2or do an, o" t!e &id8 "o%rteent!8cent%r, stat%tes t!at 'roscribe or li&it t!e 'la, o" #a&es &ention cards9 t!o%#! t!e, do &ention dice9 c!ess9 and ot!er #a&es. It is t!ere"ore likel, t!at9 contrar, to !at is so&eti&es clai&ed9 at t!at ti&e 'la,in# cards as not ,et co&&on in E%ro'e. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 2eit!er toda,s ne s'a'ers nor t!is evenin#s television ne s &entioned a !%#e "ire t!at as r%&ored to !ave !a''ened in t!e 'ort last ni#!t. T!ere"ore9 t!ere 'robabl, as no s%c! "ire. .1/ T!is evenin#s television ne s re'orted t!at t!e cr%ise s!i' as onl, da&a#ed in t!e "ire last ni#!t9 !ereas t!e ne s'a'er re'orted t!at it as destro,ed. T!e television ne s is based on &ore recent in"or&ation9 so 'robabl, t!e s!i' as not destro,ed. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CHB

.C/ A&on# t!e b%ildin#s t!at are near t!e 'ort is t!e ne s'a'ers 'rintin# 'lant. Earl, editions o" t!is &ornin#s 'a'er ere ver, late. T!ere"ore9 t!e "ire at t!e 'ort 'robabl, a""ected areas be,ond t!e 'ort itsel". .3/ T!e ne s'a'er does not e('licitl, sa, t!at t!e 'ort reo'ened a"ter t!e "ire9 b%t in its listin# o" ne l, arrived s!i's it &entions so&e arrival ti&es a"ter t!e "ire. T!ere"ore9 t!e 'ort as 'robabl, not closed "or lon#. .E/ T!e ne s'a'er is #enerall, &ore reliable t!an t!e television ne s and t!e ne s'a'er re'orted t!at t!e da&a#e "ro& last ni#!ts "ire in t!e 'ort as not severe. T!ere"ore9 t!e da&a#e 'robabl, as not severe. H. In a &at%re to%rist &arket s%c! as 1ellaria t!ere are onl, t o a,s !otel o ners can increase 'ro"its: b, b%ildin# &ore roo&s or b, i&'rovin# !at is alread, t!ere. Ri#id land8%se la s in 1ellaria r%le o%t constr%ction o" ne !otels or9 indeed9 an, e('ansion o" !otel ca'acit,. It "ollo s t!at !otel o ners cannot increase t!eir 'ro"its in 1ellaria since 1ellarian !otels;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# lo#icall, co&'letes t!e ar#%&ent.A/ are alread, o'eratin# at an occ%'anc, rate a''roac!in# 1II 'ercent ,ear8 ro%nd .1/ co%ld not !ave been sited an, &ore attractivel, t!an t!e, are even in t!e absence o" land8%se la s .C/ !ave to contend it! %' ard 'ress%res on t!e cost o" labor !ic! ste& "ro& an inci'ient s!orta#e o" trained 'ersonnel .3/ alread, 'rovide a level o" l%(%r, t!at is at t!e li&its o" !at even ealt!, 'atrons are 're'ared to 'a, "or .E/ !ave s!i"ted "ro& servin# &ainl, 1ellarian to%rists to servin# "orei#n to%rists travelin# in or#ani)ed to%r #ro%'s 1I. Ever, 'olitical '!iloso'!er o" t!e earl, t entiet! cent%r, !o as eit!er a socialist or a co&&%nist as in"l%enced b, Rosa L%(e&b%r#. 2o one !o as in"l%enced b, Rosa L%(e&b%r# advocated a totalitarian state. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st on t!e basis o" t!e& also be tr%e.A/ 2o earl,8t entiet!8cent%r, socialist 'olitical '!iloso'!er advocated a totalitarian state. .1/ Ever, earl,8t entiet!8cent%r, 'olitical '!iloso'!er !o did not advocate a totalitarian state as in"l%enced b, Rosa L%(e&b%r#. .C/ Rosa L%(e&b%r# as t!e onl, 'erson to in"l%ence ever, earl,8t entiet!8 cent%r, 'olitical '!iloso'!er !o as eit!er socialist or co&&%nist. .3/ Ever, earl,8t entiet!8cent%r, 'olitical '!iloso'!er !o as in"l%enced b, Rosa L%(e&b%r# and as not a socialist as a co&&%nist. .E/ Ever, earl,8t entiet!8cent%r, 'olitical '!iloso'!er !o did not advocate a totalitarian state as eit!er socialist or co&&%nist. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

CHH

Questions 11-1! :arris: C%rrentl,9 !,brid ani&als are not 'rotected b, international endan#ered8 s'ecies re#%lations. 1%t ne tec!ni0%es in #enetic researc! s%##est t!at t!e red ol"9 lon# t!o%#!t to be an inde'endent s'ecies9 is a !,brid o" t!e co,ote and t!e #ra, ol". :ence9 since t!e red ol" clearl, deserves 'rotection9 t!ese re#%lations s!o%ld be c!an#ed to ad&it t!e 'rotection o" !,brids. 4o#el: *et !,brids do not need 'rotection. Since a breedin# 'o'%lation t!at arises t!ro%#! !,bridi)ation descends "ro& inde'endent s'ecies9 i" an, s%c! 'o'%lation ere to die o%t9 it co%ld easil, be revived b, interbreedin# &e&bers o" t!e s'ecies "ro& !ic! t!e !,brid is descended. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "lo in# is a 'oint at iss%e bet een :arris and 4o#el.A/ !et!er t!e red ol" descends "ro& t!e #ra, ol" and t!e co,ote .1/ !et!er t!ere are so&e s'ecies t!at are c%rrentl, considered endan#ered t!at are not in "act in an, dan#er .C/ !et!er t!e 'acks o" red olves t!at c%rrentl, e(ist are in dan#er o" d,in# o%t .3/ !et!er t!ere are so&e !,brids t!at o%#!t to be 'rotected b, endan#ered8 s'ecies re#%lations .E/ !et!er ne tec!ni0%es in #enetic researc! s!o%ld be %sed to deter&ine !ic! #ro%'s o" ani&als constit%te s'ecies and !ic! constit%te !,brids 15. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! 4o#els ar#%&ent relies.A/ T!e tec!ni0%es c%rrentl, bein# %sed to deter&ine !et!er a 'o'%lation o" ani&als is a !,brid o" ot!er s'ecies !ave 'roven to be reliable. .1/ T!e international re#%lations t!at 'rotect endan#ered s'ecies and s%bs'ecies are bein# en"orced s%ccess"%ll,. .C/ T!e #ra, ol" !as been s%ccess"%ll, bred in ca'tivit,. .3/ All !,brids are t!e descendants o" s'ecies t!at are c%rrentl, e(tant. .E/ T!e co,ote and t!e red ol" are not related #eneticall,. 1<. $ro& an anal,sis o" broken 'otter, and stat%ar,9 arc!aeolo#ists !ave esti&ated t!at an ancient settle&ent in so%t! estern Arabia as establis!ed aro%nd 1III 1.C. :o ever9 ne evidence s%##ests t!at t!e settle&ent is considerabl, older: tests s!o t!at a 'iece o" b%ildin# ti&ber recentl, %ncovered at t!e site is s%bstantiall, older t!an t!e 'otter, and stat%ar,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e concl%sion dra n "ro& t!e ne evidence.A/ T!e b%ildin# ti&ber bore &arks s%##estin# t!at it !ad been salva#ed "ro& an earlier settle&ent. .1/ T!e 'ieces o" 'otter, and "ra#&ents o" stat%es t!at ere anal,)ed co&e "ro&

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@II

several 'arts o" t!e site. .C/ T!e tests %sed to deter&ine t!e a#e o" t!e 'otter, and stat%ar, !ad been devised &ore recentl, t!an t!ose %sed to deter&ine t!e a#e o" t!e b%ildin# ti&ber. .3/ T!e site !as ,ielded &an, &ore sa&'les o" 'otter, and stat%ar, t!an o" b%ildin# ti&ber. .E/ T!e t,'e o" 'otter, "o%nd at t!e site is si&ilar to a t,'e o" 'otter, associated it! civili)ations t!at e(isted be"ore 1III 1.C. 1C. T!e book 1o /a4e the 6arth is so 'ers%asive t!at no one !o reads it can "ail to !eed its environ&entalist &essa#e. Me&bers o" t!e Eart! Association !ave #iven a a, 59III co'ies in t!e last &ont!. T!%s t!e Eart! Association can +%stl, clai& credit "or at least 59III 'eo'le in one &ont! converted to t!e environ&entalist ca%se. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 2o ot!er environ&ental or#ani)ation #ave a a, co'ies o" 1o /a4e the 6arth d%rin# t!e &ont! in !ic! t!e Eart! Association #ave a a, its 59III co'ies. .1/ T!e 'eo'le to !o& t!e Eart! Association #ave co'ies o" 1o /a4e the 6arth o%ld not !ave been illin# to 'a, to receive it "ro& t!e Eart! Association. .C/ T!e co'ies o" 1o /a4e the 6arth #iven a a, b, &e&bers o" t!e Eart! Association ere 'rinted on rec,cled 'a'er. .3/ 2one o" t!ose !o received 1o /a4e the 6arth "ro& a &e&ber o" t!e Eart! Association ere alread, co&&itted to t!e environ&entalist ca%se !en t!e, received t!is book. .E/ Ever, reci'ient o" 1o /a4e the 6arth ill e&brace t!e environ&ental 'ro#ra& advocated b, t!e Eart! Association. 1@. S&okers o" 'i'es or ci#ars r%n a distinctl, lo er risk to t!eir !ealt! t!an do ci#arette s&okers. :o ever9 !ereas ci#arette s&okers !o 0%it s&okin# alto#et!er s!ar'l, red%ce t!eir risk o" s&okin#8related !ealt! 'roble&s9 t!ose !o #ive %' ci#arettes and take %' 'i'es or ci#ars re&ain in as &%c! dan#er as be"ore. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o""ers t!e best 'ros'ects "or an e('lanation o" !, t!e t o c!an#es in s&okin# !abits do not bot! res%lt in red%ced !ealt! risks.A/ S&okers o" 'i'es or ci#ars !o 0%it s&okin# t!ereb, red%ce t!eir risk o" s&okin#8related !ealt! 'roble&s. .1/ Ci#arette s&okers !o 0%it s&okin# "or a ti&e and !o t!en res%&e ci#arette s&okin# do not necessaril, red%ce t!eir risk o" s&okin#8related !ealt! 'roble&s. .C/ T!e kinds o" illnesses t!at s&okers r%n an increased risk o" contractin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@I1

develo' no earlier in ci#arette s&okers t!an t!e, do in s&okers o" 'i'es or ci#ar. .3/ At an, #iven 'eriod in t!eir lives9 virt%all, all s&okers s&oke eit!er ci#arettes e(cl%sivel, or ci#ars e(cl%sivel, or 'i'es e(cl%sivel,9 rat!er t!an alternatin# "reel, a&on# vario%s a,s o" s&okin#. .E/ Feo'le !o s itc! "ro& ci#arette s&okin# to s&okin# 'i'es or ci#ars in!ale s&oke in a a, t!at t!ose !o !ave never s&oked ci#arettes do not. Questions 1&-1' Frod%ction &ana#er: T!e b%ildin# &aterials t!at e 'rod%ce &eet ind%str, sa"et, codes b%t 'ose so&e sa"et, risk. Since e !ave recentl, develo'ed t!e tec!nolo#, to &ake a sa"er version o" o%r 'rod%ct9 e s!o%ld sto' 'rod%cin# o%r c%rrent 'rod%ct and sell onl, t!e sa"er version in order to 'rotect '%blic sa"et,. Sales &ana#er: I" e sto' sellin# o%r c%rrent 'rod%ct9 e ill !ave no &one, to develo' and 'ro&ote t!e sa"e 'rod%ct. 6e need to contin%e to sell t!e less8sa"e 'rod%ct in order to be in a 'osition to &arket t!e sa"er 'rod%ct s%ccess"%ll,. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 &ost !el's to +%sti", t!e 'rod%ction &ana#ers concl%sion.A/ Co&'anies s!o%ld be re0%ired to develo' sa"er 'rod%cts i" s%c! develo'&ent can be "%nded "ro& sales o" e(istin# 'rod%cts. .1/ T!at a 'rod%ct does not &eet ind%str, sa"et, codes s!o%ld be taken as s%""icient indication t!at t!e 'rod%ct 'oses so&e sa"et, risks. .C/ Co&'anies s!o%ld not sell a 'rod%ct t!at 'oses sa"et, risks i" t!e, are tec!nolo#icall, ca'able o" 'rod%cin# a sa"er version o" t!at 'rod%ct. .3/ Frod%ct sa"et, codes s!o%ld be revie ed !enever an ind%str, re'laces one version o" a 'rod%ct it! a tec!nolo#icall, &ore advanced version o" t!at 'rod%ct. .E/ In order to &ake b%ildin# &aterials sa"er9 co&'anies s!o%ld contin%all, researc! ne tec!nolo#ies !et!er or not t!e, are re0%ired to do so in order to co&'l, it! sa"et, codes. 1A. T!e sales &ana#er co%nters t!e 'rod%ction &ana#ers ar#%&ent b, .A/ 'ointin# o%t t!at one 'art o" t!e 'rod%ction &ana#ers 'ro'osal o%ld !ave conse0%ences t!at o%ld 'revent s%ccess"%l e(ec%tion o" anot!er 'art .1/ c!allen#in# t!e 'rod%ction &ana#ers a%t!orit, to dictate co&'an, 'olic, .C/ 0%estionin# t!e 'rod%ct &ana#ers ass%&'tion t!at a 'rod%ct is necessaril, sa"e +%st beca%se it is sa"er t!an anot!er 'rod%ct .3/ 'ro'osin# a c!an#e in t!e standards b, !ic! 'rod%ct sa"et, is +%d#ed .E/ 'resentin# evidence to s!o t!at t!e 'rod%ction &ana#er !as overesti&ated t!e 'otential i&'act o" t!e ne tec!nolo#,

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@I5

Questions 18-19 Eac! ,ear9 an o""icial esti&ate o" t!e stock o" cod in t!e Grand 1anks is anno%nced. T!is esti&ate is obtained b, avera#in# t o se'arate esti&ates o" !o &an, cod are available9 one based on t!e n%&ber o" cod ca%#!t b, researc! vessels d%rin# a once8 ,earl, sa&'lin# o" t!e area and t!e ot!er on t!e avera#e n%&ber o" tons o" cod ca%#!t b, vario%s co&&ercial vessels 'er %nit o" "is!in# e""ort e('ended t!ere in t!e 'ast ,earKa %nit o" "is!in# e""ort bein# one kilo&eter o" net set o%t in t!e ater "or one !o%r. In 'revio%s decades9 t!e t o esti&ates %s%all, a#reed closel,. :o ever9 "or t!e last decade t!e esti&ate based on co&&ercial tonna#e !as been increasin# &arkedl,9 b, abo%t t!e sa&e a&o%nt as t!e sa&'lin#8based esti&ate !as been decreasin#. 1B. I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e&.A/ Last ,ears o""icial esti&ate as 'robabl, not &%c! di""erent "ro& t!e o""icial esti&ate ten ,ears a#o. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" co&&ercial vessels "is!in# "or cod in t!e Grand 1anks !as increased s%bstantiall, over t!e 'ast decade. .C/ T!e sa&'lin#8based esti&ate is &ore acc%rate t!an t!e esti&ate based on co&&ercial tonna#e in t!at t!e data on !ic! it relies is less likel, to be inacc%rate. .3/ T!e once8,earl, sa&'lin# b, researc! vessels s!o%ld be %sed as t!e sole basis "or arrivin# at t!e o""icial esti&ate o" t!e stock o" cod. .E/ T ent, ,ears a#o9 t!e overall stock o" cod in t!e Grand 1anks as o""iciall, esti&ated to be &%c! lar#er t!an it is esti&ated to be toda,. 1H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to acco%nt "or t!e #ro in# discre'anc, bet een t!e esti&ate based on co&&ercial tonna#e and t!e researc!8 based esti&ate.A/ $is!in# vessels o"ten e(ceed t!eir "is!in# 0%otas "or cod and t!ere"ore o"ten %nderre'ort t!e n%&ber o" tons o" cod t!at t!e, catc!. .1/ More s%rve, vessels are no involved in t!e ,earl, sa&'lin# e""ort t!an ere involved 1I ,ears a#o. .C/ I&'rove&ents in tec!nolo#, over t!e last 1I ,ears !ave allo ed co&&ercial "is!in# vessels to locate and catc! lar#e sc!ools o" cod &ore easil,. .3/ S%rve, vessels co%nt onl, t!ose cod ca%#!t d%rin# a <I8da, s%rve, 'eriod9 !ereas co&&ercial dis!in# vessels re'ort all cod ca%#!t d%rin# t!e co%rse o" a ,ear. .E/ 1eca%se o" 'ast over"is!in# o" cod9 "e er "is!in# vessels no catc! t!e &a(i&%& tonna#e o" cod eac! vessel is allo ed b, la to catc!. 5I. Fret)els can ca%se cavities. Interestin#l,9 t!e lon#er t!at a 'ret)el re&ains in contact it! t!e teet! !en it is bein# eaten9 t!e #reater t!e likeli!ood t!at a cavit, ill res%lt. 6!at is tr%e o" 'ret)els in t!is re#ard is also tr%e o" cara&els. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@I<

T!ere"ore9 since cara&els dissolve &ore 0%ickl, in t!e &o%t! t!an 'ret)els do9 eatin# a cara&el is less likel, to res%lt in a cavit, t!an eatin# a 'ret)el is. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e ar#%&ent .A/ treats a correlation t!at !olds it!in individ%al cate#ories as t!ereb, !oldin# across cate#ories as ell .1/ relies on t!e a&bi#%o%s %se o" a ke, ter& .C/ &akes a #eneral clai& based on 'artic%lar e(a&'les t!at do not ade0%atel, re'resent t!e res'ective classes t!at t!e, are eac! intended to re'resent .3/ &istakes t!e ca%se o" a 'artic%lar '!eno&enon "or t!e e""ect o" t!at '!eno&enon .E/ is based on 're&ises t!at cannot all be tr%e Questions !1-!! Mark: Flastic8"oa& c%'s9 !ic! contain environ&entall, !ar&"%l c!loro"l%orocarbons9 s!o%ld no lon#er be %sedD 'a'er c%'s are 're"erable. St,rene9 a carcino#enic b,8'rod%ct9 is #enerated in "oa& 'rod%ction9 and "oa& c%'s9 once %sed9 'ersist inde"initel, in t!e environ&ent. Tina: *o% overlook t!e environ&ental e""ects o" 'a'er c%'s. A st%d, done @ ,ears a#o s!o ed t!at &akin# 'a'er "or t!eir 'rod%ction b%rned &ore 'etrole%& t!an as %sed "or "oa& c%'s and %sed 15 ti&es as &%c! stea&9 <G ti&es as &%c! electricit,9 and t ice as &%c! coolin# ater. 1eca%se 'a'er c%'s ei#! &ore9 t!eir trans'ortation takes &ore ener#,. Fa'er &ills 'rod%ce ater 'oll%tion9 and !en t!e c%'s deca, t!e, 'rod%ce &et!ane9 a #as t!at contrib%tes to !ar&"%l #lobal ar&in#. So t!e, are a orse c!oice. 51. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 co%ld Mark cite to co%nter evidence o""ered b, Tina.A/ T!e %se o" ener#, "or c!ain sa s t!at c%t do n trees and "or tr%cks t!at !a%l lo#s is 'art o" t!e environ&ental cost o" &an%"act%rin# 'a'er. .1/ $oa& c%'s are so&e !at &ore acce'table to cons%&ers t!an 'a'er c%'s beca%se o" t!eir better ins%latin# 0%alities. .C/ T!e 'rod%ction and trans'ortation o" 'etrole%& occasions serio%s environ&ental 'oll%tion9 b%t t!e ener#, t!at r%ns 'a'er &ills no co&es "ro& b%rnin# aste ood rat!er t!an 'etrole%&. .3/ T!e a&o%nt o" st,rene esca'in# into t!e environ&ent or re&ainin# in "oa& c%'s a"ter t!eir &an%"act%re is ne#li#ible. .E/ Acre "or acre9 tree "ar&s "or t!e 'rod%ction o" ood "or 'a'er !ave "e er bene"icial e""ects on t!e environ&ent t!an do nat%ral "orests t!an re&ain %nc%t. 55. To decide t!e iss%e bet een Mark and Tina9 it o%ld "irst be &ost i&'ortant to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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decide .A/ !o soon eac! o" t!e kinds o" !ar& cited b, Mark and Tina o%ld be likel, to be at its &a(i&%& level .1/ !et!er &e&bers o" so&e societies %se9 on avera#e9 &ore dis'osable #oods t!an do &e&bers o" ot!er societies .C/ !et!er it is necessar, to seek a t!ird alternative t!at !as none o" t!e ne#ative conse0%ences cited it! res'ect to t!e t o 'rod%cts .3/ !o &%c! o" t!e c!ains o" ca%sation involved in t!e 'rod%ction9 &arketin#9 and dis'osal o" t!e 'rod%cts s!o%ld be considered in anal,)in# t!eir environ&ental i&'act .E/ !et!er 'a'er and "oa& c%'s9 in t!eir &ost 'o'%lar si)es9 !old t!e sa&e 0%antities o" li0%id 5<. 6!en 'eo'le e('erience t!robbin# in t!eir teet! or #%&s9 t!e, !ave serio%s dental 'roble&s9 and i" a dental 'roble& is serio%s9 it ill be a 'roble& eit!er o" toot! deca, or o" #%& disease. T!ere"ore9 since t!robbin# in t!e teet! or #%&s is a si#n o" serio%s dental 'roble&s9 and neit!er Sabinas teet! nor !er #%&s are t!robbin#9 Sabina can be s%""erin# "ro& neit!er toot! deca, nor #%& disease. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# contains an error o" reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!at &ade in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Feo'le !o drink a lot o" co""ee are said to !ave +itter, nerves. T!ere"ore9 &edical st%dents !o drink a lot o" co""ee s!o%ld not beco&e neonatolo#ists or s%r#eons since neit!er neonatolo#, nor s%r#er, s!o%ld be 'racticed b, 'eo'le it! +itter, nerves. .1/ A le#all, 'racticin# 's,c!iatrist &%st !ave bot! a &edical de#ree and 's,c!iatric trainin#. T!%s9 since E&&ett !as not %nder#one 's,c!iatric trainin#9 i" !e is 'racticin# as a 's,c!iatrist9 !e is not doin# so le#all,. .C/ So&eone it! severe nasal con#estion !as a sin%s in"ection or else is s%""erin# "ro& an aller#,. T!ere"ore9 i" 1arton does not !ave a sin%s in"ection9 1arton 'robabl, does not !ave severe nasal con#estion. .3/ I" a 'erson is interested in eit!er '!,sics or c!e&istr,9 t!en t!at 'erson o%ld be ise to consider a career in &edicine. *olanda9 !o ever9 is interested in neit!er '!,sics nor c!e&istr,9 so it o%ld not be ise "or !er to consider a career in &edicine. .E/ So&eone !o is neit!er an o'!t!al&olo#ist nor an o'to&etrist lacks s'eciali)ed trainin# "or dia#nosin# de"ects o" t!e e,e. T!ere"ore9 Mi& &%st !ave been trained in o'!t!al&olo#, or o'to&etr,9 #iven t!at s!e acc%ratel, dia#nosed Jo!ns e,e de"ect. 5C. A certain air'ort sec%rit, scanner desi#ned to detect e('losives in l%##a#e ill alert t!e scanners o'erator !enever t!e 'iece o" l%##a#e 'assin# %nder t!e scanner contains an e('losive. T!e scanner ill erroneo%sl, alert t!e o'erator "or http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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onl, one 'ercent o" t!e 'ieces o" l%##a#e t!at contain no e('losives. T!%s in ninet,8nine o%t o" a !%ndred alerts e('losives ill act%all, be 'resent. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, o" t!e scanners "ailin# to si#nal an alert !en t!e l%##a#e does contain an e('losive .1/ dra s a #eneral concl%sion abo%t reliabilit, on t!e basis o" a sa&'le t!at is likel, to be biased .C/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, o" !%&an error on t!e 'art o" t!e scanners o'erator once t!e scanner !as alerted !i& or !er .3/ "ails to ackno led#e t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e scanner ill not be e0%all, sensitive to all kinds o" e('losives .E/ s%bstit%tes one #ro%' "or a di""erent #ro%' in t!e state&ent o" a 'ercenta#e 5@. =nless ne#otiations be#in soon9 t!e cease8"ire ill be violated b, one o" t!e t o sides to t!e dis'%te. 2e#otiations ill be !eld onl, i" ot!er co%ntries !ave 'ress%red t!e t o sides to ne#otiateD an a#ree&ent ill e&er#e onl, i" ot!er co%ntries contin%e s%c! 'ress%re t!ro%#!o%t t!e ne#otiations. 1%t no ne#otiations ill be !eld %ntil international troo's en"orcin# t!e cease8"ire !ave de&onstrated t!eir abilit, to co%nter an, a##ression "ro& eit!er side9 t!%s s%''ressin# a &a+or incentive "or t!e t o sides to res%&e "i#!tin#. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 and i" ne#otiations bet een t!e t o sides do be#in soon9 at t!e ti&e t!ose ne#otiations be#in eac! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ T!e cease8"ire !as not been violated b, eit!er o" t!e t o sides. .1/ International troo's en"orcin# t!e cease8"ire !ave de&onstrated t!at t!e, can co%nter a##ression "ro& eit!er o" t!e t o sides. .C/ A &a+or incentive "or t!e t o sides to res%&e !ostilities !as been s%''ressed. .3/ 7t!er co%ntries !ave e(erted 'ress%re on t!e t o sides to t!e dis'%te. .E/ T!e ne#otiations reac!in# an a#ree&ent de'ends in 'art on t!e actions o" ot!er co%ntries. 5G. I" 1lankens!i' Enter'rises !as to s itc! s%''liers in t!e &iddle o" a lar#e 'rod%ction r%n9 t!e co&'an, ill not s!o a 'ro"it "or t!e ,ear. T!ere"ore9 i" 1lankens!i' Enter'rises in "act t%rns o%t to s!o no 'ro"it "or t!e ,ear9 it ill also t%rn o%t to be tr%e t!at t!e co&'an, !ad to s itc! s%''liers d%rin# a lar#e 'rod%ction r%n. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ T!e ar#%&ent is a circ%lar ar#%&ent &ade %' o" an o'enin# clai& "ollo ed b, a concl%sion t!at &erel, 'ara'!rases t!at clai&. .1/ T!e ar#%&ent "ails to establis! t!at a condition %nder !ic! a '!eno&enon is said to occ%r is t!e onl, condition %nder !ic! t!at '!eno&enon occ%rs. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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.C/ T!e ar#%&ent involves an e0%ivocation9 in t!at t!e ord >'ro"it? is allo ed to s!i"t its &eanin# d%rin# t!e co%rse o" t!e ar#%&ent. .3/ T!e ar#%&ent erroneo%sl, %ses an e(ce'tional9 isolated case to s%''ort a %niversal concl%sion. .E/ T!e ar#%&ent e('lains one event as bein# ca%sed b, anot!er event9 even t!o%#! bot! events &%st act%all, !ave been ca%sed b, so&e t!ird9 %nidenti"ied event. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Ja&es: In &, o n !o%se9 I do !at I ant. In bannin# s&okin# on 'assen#er airlines d%rin# do&estic "li#!ts9 t!e #overn&ent !as i#nored t!e airlines ri#!t to set s&okin# 'olicies on t!eir o n 'ro'ert,. Eileen: *o% !o%se is "or ,o%r o n %se. 1eca%se a 'assen#er airline o""ers a service to t!e '%blic9 t!e 'assen#ers !ealt! &%st co&e "irst. T!e basic ste' in Eileens &et!od o" attackin# Ja&es ar#%&ent is to .A/ dra a distinction .1/ o""er a de"inition .C/ establis! an analo#, .3/ derive a contradiction "ro& it .E/ 0%estion its &otivation

5.

T!e co&'an, t!at 'rod%ces E*Q9 a co&'%ter s'reads!eet 'ro#ra&9 esti&ates t!at &illions o" ille#all, re'rod%ced co'ies o" E*Q are bein# %sed. I" le#all, '%rc!ased9 t!is n%&ber o" co'ies o%ld !ave #enerated &illions o" dollars in sales "or t!e co&'an,9 ,et des'ite a co&'an,8 ide e""ort to boost sales9 t!e co&'an, !as not taken available le#al &eas%res to 'rosec%te t!ose !o !ave co'ied t!e 'ro#ra& ille#all,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain !, t!e co&'an, !as not taken available le#al &eas%res.A/ E*Q is ver, di""ic%lt to co', ille#all,9 beca%se a so'!isticated antico',in# &ec!anis& in t!e 'ro#ra& &%st "irst be disabled. .1/ T!e le#al &eas%res t!at t!e co&'an, t!at 'rod%ces E*Q co%ld take a#ainst t!ose !o !ave co'ied its 'rod%ct beca&e available several ,ears be"ore E*Q ca&e on t!e &arket. .C/ Man, 'eo'le !o '%rc!ase a so"t are 'ro#ra& like E*Q are illin# to '%rc!ase t!at 'ro#ra& onl, a"ter t!e, !ave alread, %sed it. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" ille#all, re'rod%ced co'ies o" E*Q c%rrentl, in %se e(ceeds t!e n%&ber o" le#all, re'rod%ced co'ies c%rrentl, in %se. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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.E/ T!e co&'an, t!at 'rod%ces A1C9 t!e s'reads!eet 'ro#ra& t!at is E*Qs &ain rival in t!e &arket'lace9 is ell kno n "or takin# le#al action a#ainst 'eo'le !o !ave co'ied A1C ille#all,. Questions 3-4 Mi&: So&e 'eo'le clai& t!at t!e batter,8'o ered electric car re'resents a 'otential sol%tion to t!e 'roble& o" air 'oll%tion. 1%t t!e, "or#et t!at it takes electricit, to rec!ar#e batteries and t!at &ost o" o%r electricit, is #enerated b, b%rnin# 'oll%tin# "ossil "%els. Increasin# t!e n%&ber o" electric cars on t!e road o%ld re0%ire b%ildin# &ore #eneratin# "acilities since c%rrent "acilities are o'eratin# at &a(i&%& ca'acit,. So even i" all o" t!e #asoline8'o ered cars on t!e roads toda, ere re'laced b, electric cars9 it o%ld at best be an e(c!an#e o" one so%rce o" "ossil8"%el 'oll%tion "or anot!er. <. T!e &ain 'oint &ade in Mi&s ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ re'lacin# #asoline8'o ered cars it! batter,8'o ered electric cars ill re0%ire b%ildin# &ore #eneratin# "acilities .1/ a si#ni"icant red%ction in air 'oll%tion cannot be ac!ieved %nless 'eo'le drive less .C/ all "or&s o" a%to&obile trans'ortation are e0%all, !ar&"%l to t!e environ&ent in ter&s o" t!e air 'oll%tion t!e, 'rod%ce .3/ batter,8'o ered electric cars are not a viable sol%tion to t!e air8'oll%tion 'roble& .E/ #asoline8'o ered cars ill 'robabl, re&ain a co&&on &eans o" trans'ortation "or t!e "oreseeable "%t%re C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! Mi&s ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Re'lacin# #asoline8'o ered cars it! batter,8'o ered electric cars ill lead to a net increase in t!e total n%&ber o" cars on t!e road. .1/ Gasoline8'o ered cars are c%rrentl, not t!e &ost si#ni"icant so%rce o" "ossil8 "%el 'oll%tion. .C/ Re'lacin# #asoline8'o ered cars it! batter,8'o ered electric cars is +%sti"ied onl, i" electric cars 'rod%ce less air 'oll%tion. .3/ 6!ile it is bein# o'erated9 a batter,8'o ered electric car does not ca%se an, si#ni"icant air 'oll%tion. .E/ At least so&e o" t!e #eneratin# "acilities b%ilt to &eet t!e de&and "or electricit, "or batter,8'o ered electric cars o%ld be o" a t,'e t!at b%rns "ossil "%el. @. Flanetar, bodies di""er "ro& one anot!er in t!eir co&'osition9 b%t &ost o" t!ose in t!e Solar S,ste& !ave solid s%r"aces. =nless t!e core o" s%c! a 'lanetar, bod, #enerates eno%#! !eat to ca%se volcanic action9 t!e s%r"ace o" t!e bod, ill not be rene ed "or &illions o" ,ears. An, 'lanetar, bod, it! a solid s%r"ace !ose http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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s%r"ace is not rene ed "or &illions o" ,ears beco&es !eavil, 'ock&arked b, &eteorite craters9 +%st like t!e Eart!s Moon. So&e old 'lanetar, bodies in t!e Solar S,ste&9 s%c! as E%ro'a9 a ver, cold &oon belon#in# to J%'iter9 !ave solid ic, s%r"aces it! ver, "e &eteorite craters. I" t!e clai&s above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st9 on t!e basis o" t!e&9 be tr%e.A/ T!e Eart!s Moon does not !ave an ic, s%r"ace. .1/ I" a 'lanetar, bod, does not !ave a !eavil, 'ock&arked s%r"ace9 its core does not #enerate eno%#! !eat to ca%se volcanic action. .C/ So&e 'lanetar, bodies !ose cores #enerate eno%#! !eat to ca%se volcanic action do not !ave solid ic, s%r"aces. .3/ So&e o" J%'iters &oons are !eavil, 'ock&arked b, &eteorite craters. .E/ So&e ver, cold 'lanetar, bodies !ave cores t!at #enerate eno%#! !eat to ca%se volcanic action. G. Fatient: F!ar&acists &aintain t!at doctors s!o%ld not be 'er&itted to sell t!e &edicine t!at t!e, 'rescribe beca%se doctors o%ld t!en be te&'ted to 'rescribe %nnecessar, &edicines in order to earn e(tra inco&e. 1%t '!ar&acists !ave a "inancial interest in !avin# a &ono'ol, on t!e sale o" 'rescri'tion &edicines9 so t!eir ob+ection to t!e sale o" &edicines b, doctors cannot be taken serio%sl,. T!e 'atients ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ 'ointin# o%t an %nstated ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e '!ar&acists ar#%&ent relies and t!en re"%tin# it .1/ atte&'tin# to discredit a 'osition b, 0%estionin# t!e &otives o" t!e 'ro'onents o" t!at 'osition .C/ %nder&inin# t!e '!ar&acists concl%sion b, de&onstratin# t!at one o" t!e state&ents %sed to s%''ort t!e concl%sion is "alse .3/ re+ectin# a 0%estionable 'osition on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e #eneral '%blic does not s%''ort t!at 'osition .E/ assertin# t!at '!ar&acists lack t!e a''ro'riate kno led#e to !ave in"or&ed o'inions on t!e s%b+ect %nder disc%ssion A. M%rra,: *o% clai& Senator 1randon !as acce'ted #i"ts "ro& lobb,ists. *o% are ron# to &ake t!is criticis&. T!at it is &otivated b, 'ersonal dislike is s!o n b, t!e "act t!at ,o% deliberatel, avoid critici)in# ot!er 'oliticians !o !ave done !at ,o% acc%se Senator 1randon o" doin#. Jane: *o% are ri#!t t!at I dislike Senator 1randon9 b%t +%st beca%se I !ave not critici)ed t!e sa&e "ailin# in ot!ers doesnt &ean ,o% can e(c%se t!e senators o""ense. I" M%rra, and Jane are bot! sincere in !at t!e, sa,9 t!en it can 'ro'erl, be concl%ded t!at t!e, a#ree t!at .A/ Senator 1randon !as acce'ted #i"ts "ro& lobb,ists http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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.1/ it is ron# "or 'oliticians to acce't #i"ts "ro& lobb,ists .C/ Janes criticis& o" Senator 1randon is &otivated onl, b, 'ersonal dislike .3/ Senator 1randon s!o%ld be critici)ed "or acce'tin# #i"ts "ro& lobb,ists .E/ one or &ore 'oliticians !ave acce'ted #i"ts "ro& lobb,ists Questions 8-9 7scar: E&er#in# in"or&ation tec!nolo#ies ill soon &ake s'eed o" in"or&ation 'rocessin# t!e sin#le &ost i&'ortant "actor in t!e creation o" individ%al9 cor'orate9 and national ealt!. Conse0%entl,9 t!e division o" t!e orld into nort!ern co%ntriesK in #eneral ric!Kand so%t!ern co%ntriesKin #eneral 'oorK ill soon be obsolete. Instead9 t!ere si&'l, ill be "ast co%ntries and slo co%ntries9 and t!%s a co%ntr,s econo&ic ell8bein# ill not be a "%nction o" its #eo#ra'!ical 'osition b%t +%st a &atter o" its relative s%ccess in incor'oratin# t!ose ne tec!nolo#ies. S,lvia: 1%t t!e 'oor co%ntries o" t!e so%t! lack t!e econo&ic reso%rces to ac0%ire t!ose tec!nolo#ies and ill t!ere"ore re&ain 'oor. T!e tec!nolo#ies ill t!%s onl, iden t!e e(istin# econo&ic #a' bet een nort! and so%t!. B. S,lvias reasonin# de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ t!e 'ros'erit, o" t!e ric! co%ntries o" t!e nort! de'ends9 at least in 'art9 on t!e nat%ral reso%rces o" t!e 'oor co%ntries o" t!e so%t! .1/ t!e e&er#ence o" ne in"or&ation tec!nolo#ies ill not res%lt in a si#ni"icant net increase in t!e total a&o%nt o" #lobal ealt! .C/ t!ere are tec!nolo#ies ot!er t!an in"or&ation tec!nolo#ies !ose develo'&ent co%ld !el' narro t!e e(istin# econo&ic #a' bet een nort! and so%t! .3/ at least so&e o" t!e ric! co%ntries o" t!e nort! ill be e""ective in incor'oratin# ne in"or&ation tec!nolo#ies into t!eir econo&ies .E/ t!e s'eed at !ic! in"or&ation 'rocessin# take 'lace ill contin%e to increase inde"initel, H. T!e reasonin# t!at 7scar %ses in s%''ortin# !is 'rediction is v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nd t!at it .A/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e abilit, o" co%ntries to ac0%ire ne tec!nolo#ies at so&e ti&e in t!e "%t%re ill de'end on "actors ot!er t!an t!ose co%ntries 'resent econo&ic stat%s .1/ "ails to establis! t!at t!e division o" t!e orld into ric! co%ntries and 'oor co%ntries is t!e sin#le &ost i&'ortant 'roble& t!at ill con"ront t!e orld econo&, in t!e "%t%re .C/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at9 in deter&inin# a co%ntr,s "%t%re ealt!9 t!e co%ntr,s incor'oration o" in"or&ation8'rocessin# tec!nolo#ies &i#!t be o%t ei#!ed b, a co&bination o" ot!er "actors .3/ 'rovides no reason to believe t!at "aster in"or&ation 'rocessin# ill !ave http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@1I

onl, bene"icial e""ects on co%ntries t!at s%ccess"%ll, incor'orate ne in"or&ation tec!nolo#ies into t!eir econo&ies .E/ &akes no distinction bet een t!ose o" t!e orlds ric! co%ntries t!at are t!e ealt!iest and t!ose t!at are less ealt!, 1I. At t!e be#innin# o" eac! &ont!9 co&'anies re'ort to t!e "ederal #overn&ent t!eir net loss or #ain in +obs over t!e 'ast &ont!. T!ese re'orts are t!en consolidated b, t!e #overn&ent and re'orted as t!e total #ain or loss "or t!e 'ast &ont!. 3es'ite acc%rate re'ortin# b, co&'anies and correct tall,in# b, t!e #overn&ent9 t!e n%&ber o" +obs lost as si#ni"icantl, %nderesti&ated in t!e recent recession. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to a resol%tion o" t!e a''arent discre'anc, described.A/ More +obs are lost in a recession t!an in a 'eriod o" #ro t!. .1/ T!e e('enses o" collectin# and re'ortin# e&'lo,&ent data !ave steadil, increased. .C/ Man, 'eo'le !o lose t!eir +obs start %' t!eir o n b%sinesses. .3/ In t!e recent recession a lar#e n%&ber o" "ailin# co&'anies abr%'tl, ceased all o'erations. .E/ T!e recent recession contrib%ted to t!e #ro in# 're'onderance o" service +obs over &an%"act%rin# +obs. Questions 11-1! 1evera#e co&'an, re'resentative: T!e 'lastic rin#s t!at !old si(8'acks o" bevera#e cans to#et!er 'ose a t!reat to ild ani&als9 !ic! o"ten beco&e entan#led in t!e discarded rin#s and s%""ocate as a res%lt. $ollo in# o%r lead9 all bevera#e co&'anies ill soon %se onl, t!ose rin#s consistin# o" a ne 'lastic t!at disinte#rates a"ter onl, t!ree da,s e('os%re to s%nli#!t. 7nce e all co&'lete t!e s itc!over "ro& t!e old to t!e ne 'lastic rin#s9 t!ere"ore9 t!e t!reat o" s%""ocation t!at 'lastic rin#s 'ose to ild ani&als ill be eli&inated. 11. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 2one o" t!e ne 'lastic rin#s can disinte#rate a"ter onl, t o da,s e('os%re to s%nli#!t. .1/ T!e s itc!over to t!e ne 'lastic rin#s can be co&'leted it!o%t ca%sin# si#ni"icant "inancial !ards!i' to t!e bevera#e co&'anies. .C/ 6ild ani&als ill not beco&e entan#led in t!e ne 'lastic rin#s be"ore t!e rin#s !ave !ad s%""icient e('os%re to s%nli#!t to disinte#rate. .3/ =se o" t!e old 'lastic rin#s 'oses no s%bstantial t!reat to ild ani&als ot!er t!an t!at o" s%""ocation. .E/ An, ild ani&al t!at beco&es entan#led in t!e old 'lastic rin#s ill s%""ocate as a res%lt. 15. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e re'resentatives http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@11

ar#%&ent.A/ T!e s itc!over to t!e ne 'lastic rin#s ill take at least t o &ore ,ears to co&'lete. .1/ A"ter t!e bevera#e co&'anies !ave s itc!ed over to t!e ne 'lastic rin#s9 a s%bstantial n%&ber o" t!e old 'lastic rin#s ill 'ersist in &ost a0%atic and oodland environ&ents. .C/ T!e ne 'lastic rin#s are sli#!tl, less e('ensive t!an t!e old rin#s. .3/ T!e ne 'lastic rin#s rarel, disinte#rate d%rin# s!i''in# o" bevera#e si(8 'acks beca%se &ost tr%cks t!at trans'ort canned bevera#es 'rotect t!eir car#o "ro& s%nli#!t. .E/ T!e ne 'lastic rin#s disinte#rate into s%bstances t!at are !ar&"%l to a0%atic ani&als !en in#ested in s%bstantial 0%antities b, t!e&. 1<. Alco!ol cons%&'tion !as been clearl, linked to !i#! blood 'ress%re9 !ic! increases t!e likeli!ood o" develo'in# !eart disease. *et in a st%d, o" t!e e""ects o" alco!ol cons%&'tion9 t!e incidence o" !eart disease as lo er a&on# 'artici'ants !o drank &oderate 0%antities o" alco!ol ever, da, t!an it as a&on# 'artici'ants identi"ied as nondrinkers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ 1eca%se &an, 'eo'le !o do not drink alco!ol are conscio%s o" t!eir !ealt! !abits9 t!e, are likel, to en#a#e in re#%lar e(ercise and to eat n%tritionall, ell8balanced &eals. .1/ Man, o" t!e 'artici'ants identi"ies as nondrinkers ere 'eo'le !o !ad been !eav, drinkers b%t !ad sto''ed drinkin# alco!ol 'rior to 'artici'atin# in t!e st%d,. .C/ So&e o" t!e 'artici'ants !o drank &oderate 0%antities o" alco!ol ever, da, said t!at t!e, occasionall, drank lar#e 0%antities o" alco!ol. .3/ So&e o" t!e 'artici'ants !o drank &oderate 0%antities o" alco!ol ever, da, !ad !i#! blood 'ress%re. .E/ T!e t o #ro%'s o" 'artici'ants ere si&ilar to eac! ot!er it! res'ect to t!e 'artici'ants a#e9 se(9 #eo#ra'!ical ori#in9 and econo&ic back#ro%nd. 1C. So&e o" t!e orlds &ost bea%ti"%l cats are Fersian cats. :o ever9 it &%st be ackno led#ed t!at all Fersian cats are 'o&'o%s9 and 'o&'o%s cats are invariabl, irritatin#. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e& EECEFT: .A/ So&e o" t!e orlds &ost bea%ti"%l cats are irritatin#. .1/ So&e irritatin# cats are a&on# t!e orlds &ost bea%ti"%l cats. .C/ An, cat t!at is not irritatin# is not a Fersian cat.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@15

.3/ So&e 'o&'o%s cats are a&on# t!e orlds &ost bea%ti"%l cats. .E/ So&e irritatin# and bea%ti"%l cats are not Fersian cats. 1@. At $lord,ce =niversit, an, st%dent !o ants to 'artici'ate in a certain arc!aeolo#ical di# is eli#ible to do so b%t onl, i" t!e st%dent !as taken at least one arc!aeolo#, co%rse and !as s!o n an interest in t!e "ield. Man, st%dents !o !ave s!o n an interest in arc!aeolo#, never take even one arc!aeolo#, co%rse. T!ere"ore9 &an, st%dents !o ant to 'artici'ate in t!e di# ill be ineli#ible to do so. T!e "la ed reasonin# o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar to t!at o" t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!eoreticall,9 an, +ar is ort! savin# re#ardless o" its si)e9 b%t onl, i" it !as a lid. T!ere"ore9 since so&e +ars are s%re not to !ave lids9 t!ere are certain si)es o" +ar t!at are act%all, not ort! savin#. .1/ $or a !orse t!at is ell sc!ooled to be ideal "or be#innin# riders t!at !orse &%st also be s%re"ooted and #entle. Man, !orses t!at are s%re"ooted are not #entle. T!ere"ore &an, ell8sc!ooled !orses are not ideal "or be#innin# riders. .C/ I" an a%t!ors "irst novel !as a ro&antic settin# and a s%s'ense"%l 'lot9 it ill beco&e a best8seller. Since &an, a%t!ors "irst novels !ave neit!er9 not &an, "irst novels beco&e best8sellers. .3/ An, a%to&obile t!at is &ore t!an a "e ,ears old is event%all, s%re to need re'airs i" it is not re#%larl, &aintained. Man, a%to&obiles are &ore t!an a "e ,ears old9 b%t still do not need re'airs. T!ere"ore9 &an, a%to&obiles are re#%larl, &aintained. .E/ An e('ensive ne b%ildin# ill 'rove to be a #ood invest&ent onl, i" it is aest!eticall, 'leasin# or 'rovides lots o" o""ice s'ace. :o ever9 since &an, e('ensive ne b%ildin#s are not aest!eticall, 'leasin#9 "e e('ensive ne b%ildin#s ill 'rove to be #ood invest&ents. 1G. $ro& t!e observation t!at eac! &e&ber o" a #ro%' co%ld 'ossess a c!aracteristic9 it is "allacio%s to concl%de i&&ediatel, t!at it is 'ossible "or all t!e #ro%'s &e&bers to 'ossess t!e c!aracteristic. An e(a&'le in !ic! t!e "allac, is obvio%s: ar#%in# t!at beca%se eac! o" t!e 'la,ers enterin# a tennis to%rna&ent !as a 'ossibilit, o" innin# it9 t!ere is t!ere"ore a 'ossibilit, t!at all ill in t!e to%rna&ent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# co&&its t!e "allac, described above.A/ *o% can "ool so&e o" t!e 'eo'le all o" t!e ti&e and all o" t!e 'eo'le so&e o" t!e ti&e9 b%t ,o% cannot "ool all o" t!e 'eo'le all o" t!e ti&e. .1/ Eac! o" t!e candidates "or &a,or a''ears at "irst #lance to 'ossess t!e necessar, 0%ali"ications. It o%ld t!ere"ore be a &istake to r%le o%t an, o" t!e& it!o%t &ore care"%l e(a&ination.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@1<

.C/ Eac! o" t!e &an, no&inees co%ld be a''ointed to an, one o" t!e t!ree o'enin#s on t!e co&&ittee. T!ere"ore it is 'ossible "or all o" t!e no&inees to be a''ointed to t!e o'enin#s on t!e co&&ittee. .3/ I" a "air coin is tossed "ive ti&es9 t!en on eac! toss t!e c!ance o" !eads bein# t!e res%lt is !al". T!ere"ore t!e c!ance o" !eads bein# t!e res%lt on all "ive tosses is also !al". .E/ It is esti&ated t!at ten &illion 'lanets ca'able o" s%''ortin# li"e e(ist in o%r #ala(,. T!%s to r%le o%t t!e 'ossibilit, o" li"e on orlds ot!er t!an Eart!9 ten &illion 'lanetar, e('lorations o%ld be needed. 1A. Recent researc! s!o s t!at !esitation9 s!i"tin# 'ost%re9 and "ail%re to &aintain e,e contact are not reliable indicators in discri&inatin# bet een t!ose !o are l,in# and t!ose !o are tellin# t!e tr%t!. T!e researc! indicates t!at be!avior t!at cannot be controlled is a &%c! better cl%e9 at least !en t!e lie is i&'ortant to t!e liar. S%c! be!avior incl%des t!e dilation o" e,e '%'ils9 !ic! indicates e&otional aro%sal9 and s&all &ove&ents o" "acial &%scles9 !ic! indicate distress9 "ear or an#er. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rovides t!e stron#est reason "or e(ercisin# ca%tion !en rel,in# on t!e >better? cl%es &entioned above in order to discover !et!er so&eone is l,in#.A/ A 'erson !o is l,in# &i#!t be a are t!at !e or s!e is bein# closel, observed "or indications o" l,in#. .1/ So&eone !o is tellin# t!e tr%t! &i#!t nevert!eless !ave a 'ast !istor, o" l,in#. .C/ A 'racticed liar &i#!t !ave ac!ieved #reat control over bod, 'ost%re and e,e contact. .3/ A 'erson tellin# t!e tr%t! &i#!t be a""ected e&otionall, b, bein# s%s'ected o" l,in# or b, so&e ot!er as'ect o" t!e sit%ation. .E/ So&eone !o is l,in# &i#!t e(!ibit !esitation and s!i"tin# 'ost%re as ell as dilated '%'ils. Questions 18-19 7rt!odo( &edicine is ine""ective at bot! ends o" t!e s'ectr%& o" ail&ents. At t!e &ore trivial end9 ort!odo( &edicine is lar#el, ine""ective in treatin# ac!es9 'ains and aller#ies9 and9 at t!e ot!er e(tre&e9 it !as ,et to 'rod%ce a c%re "or serio%s9 li"e8 t!reatenin# diseases s%c! as advanced cancer and l%'%s. Feo'le t%rn to alternative &edicine !en ort!odo( &edicine "ails to !el' t!e& and !en it 'rod%ces side e""ects t!at are %nacce'table to t!e&. 7ne o" t!e reasons alternative &edicines is "ree o" s%c! side e""ects is t!at it does not !ave an, e""ects at all. 1B. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e&.A/ Fractitioners o" alternative &edicine are actin# in bad "ait!. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@1C

.1/ T!ere are so&e &edical conditions "or !ic! no ort!odo( or alternative treat&ent is e""ective. .C/ T!ere are so&e trivial illnesses t!at can be treated e""ectivel, b, t!e &et!ods o" alternative &edicine. .3/ T!ere are no e""ective &edical treat&ents t!at are "ree "ro& %nacce'table side e""ects. .E/ 7rt!odo( &edicine ill event%all, 'rod%ce a sol%tion "or t!e diseases t!at are c%rrentl, inc%rable. 1H. T!e c!ar#e &ade above a#ainst alternative &edicine is &ost serio%sl, eakened i" it is tr%e t!at .A/ 'redictions based on ort!odo( &edicine !ave so&eti&es "ailed9 as !en a 'atient !as recovered des'ite t!e +%d#&ent o" doctors t!at an illness is "atal .1/ alternative &edicine relies on conce'ts o" t!e bod, and o" t!e nat%re o" !ealin# t!at di""er "ro& t!ose on !ic! ort!odo( &edicine is based .C/ alternative &edicine 'rovides !o'e to t!ose "or !o& ort!odo( &edicine o""ers no c%re .3/ a 'atients belie" in t!e &edical treat&ent t!e 'atient is receivin# can release t!e bod,s o n c!e&ical 'ainkillers9 di&inis! aller#ic reactions9 and 'ro&ote !ealin# .E/ &an, treat&ents %sed "or a ti&e b, ort!odo( &edicine !ave later been "o%nd to be totall, ine""ective 5I. :%&ans be#an to s'read across 2ort! A&erican aro%nd 159III ,ears a#o9 as t!e cli&ate beca&e ar&er. 3%rin# t!e sa&e 'eriod t!e lar#e &a&&als t!at ere once ab%ndant in 2ort! A&erica9 s%c! as t!e &astodon9 t!e ooll, &a&&ot!9 and t!e saber8toot!ed ti#er9 beca&e e(tinct. T!%s9 contrar, to t!e &,t! t!at !%&ans "or&erl, lived in !ar&on, it! t!e rest o" nat%re9 it is clear t!at even 159III ,ears a#o !%&an activit, as ca%sin# t!e e(tinction o" ani&al s'ecies. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable o t!e criticis& t!at .A/ it ado'ts it!o%t 0%estion a vie o" t!e orld in !ic! !%&ans are seen as not incl%ded in nat%re .1/ in callin# t!e idea t!at !%&ans once lived in !ar&on, it! nat%re a &,t! t!e ar#%&ent 'res%''oses !at it atte&'ts to 'rove .C/ "or earl, in!abitants o" 2ort! A&erica t!e destr%ction o" &astodons9 ooll, &a&&ot!s9 and saber8toot!ed ti#ers &i#!t !ave !ad ver, di""erent si#ni"icance t!an t!e e(tinction o" &a&&al s'ecies does "or &odern !%&ans .3/ t!ere &i#!t !ave been &an, ot!er s'ecies o" ani&als9 besides &astodon9 ooll, &a&&ot!s9 and saber8toot!ed ti#ers9 t!at beca&e e(tinct as t!e res%lt o" t!e s'read o" !%&ans across 2ort! A&erican .E/ t!e evidence it cites is consistent it! t!e alternative !,'ot!esis t!at t!e lar#e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@1@

&a&&als e(tinction as a direct res%lt o" t!e sa&e c!an#e in cli&ate t!at allo ed !%&ans to s'read across 2ort! A&erican 51. T!e to n o" Green"ield recentl, instit%ted a s%bstantial s%''le&entar, ta( on all !o%se!olds9 !ereb, eac! !o%se!old is ta(ed in 'ro'ortion to t!e vol%&e o" t!e tras! t!at it '%ts o%t "or tras! collectors to 'ick %'9 as &eas%red b, t!e n%&ber o" standard8si)ed #arba#e ba#s '%t o%t. In order to red%ce t!e vol%&e o" t!e tras! on !ic! t!eir ta( bill is based9 Green"ield !o%se!olds can deliver t!eir rec,clable tras! to a convenientl, located local co&&ercial rec,clin# center9 !ere s%c! tras! is acce'ted "ree o" c!ar#e. T!e s%''le&entar, ta( 'rovides so&e "inancial incentive to Green"ield !o%se!olds to do eac! o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT .A/ sort o%t rec,clable tras! t!oro%#!l, "ro& t!eir ot!er tras! .1/ d%&' nonrec,clable tras! ille#all, at 'arks and roadsides .C/ co&'ress and nest ite&s o" nonrec,clable tras! be"ore '%ttin# t!e& o%t "or 'ick%' .3/ deliver rec,clable &aterials to t!e rec,clin# center instead o" 'assin# t!e& on to nei#!bors !o ant to re%se t!e& .E/ b%, 'rod%cts it!o%t 'acka#in# or it! rec,clable rat!er t!an nonrec,clable 'acka#in# 55. In a s%rve, o" cons%&ers in an Eastern E%ro'ean nation9 res'ondents ere asked t o 0%estions abo%t eac! o" CII "a&o%s 6estern brands: !et!er or not t!e, reco#ni)ed t!e brand na&e and !et!er or not t!e, t!o%#!t t!e 'rod%cts bearin# t!at na&e ere o" !i#! 0%alit,. T!e res%lts o" t!e s%rve, ere a ratin# and corres'ondin# rank order "or eac! brand based on reco#nition9 and a second ratin#8'l%s8rankin# based on a''roval. T!e brands ranked in t!e to' 5A "or reco#nition ere t!ose act%all, available in t!at nation. T!e a''roval rankin#s o" t!ese 5A brands o"ten di""ered s!ar'l, "ro& t!eir reco#nition rankin#s. 1, contrast9 &ost o" t!e ot!er brands !ad ratin#s9 and t!%s rankin#s9 t!at ere essentiall, t!e sa&e "or reco#nition as "or a''roval. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" eac! is a 'rinci'le abo%t cons%&er s%rve,s9 is violated b, t!e s%rve, described.A/ 2ever ask all res'ondents a 0%estion i" it cannot reasonabl, be ans ered b, res'ondents !o &ake a 'artic%lar res'onse to anot!er 0%estion in t!e sa&e s%rve,. .1/ 2ever ask a 0%estion t!at is likel, to #enerate a lar#e variet, o" res'onses t!at are di""ic%lt to #ro%' into a &ana#eable n%&ber o" cate#ories. .C/ 2ever ask all res'ondents a 0%estion t!at res'ondents cannot ans er it!o%t #ivin# %' t!eir anon,&it,. .3/ It is better to ask t!e sa&e 0%estion abo%t ten di""erent 'rod%cts t!an to ask ten di""erent 0%estions abo%t a sin#le 'rod%ct. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@1G

.E/ It is best to ask 0%estions t!at a res'ondent can ans er it!o%t "ear o" !avin# #otten t!e ans er ron#. 5<. A certain s'ecies o" bird !as t o basic varieties9 crested and noncrested. T!e bird9 !ic! #enerall, live in "locks t!at contain onl, crested or onl, noncrested birds9 tend to select &ates o" t!e sa&e variet, as t!e&selves. :o ever9 i" a bird t!at is raised in a "lock in !ic! all ot!er &e&bers are crested is later &oved to a &i(ed "lock9 t!en t!at birdK !et!er crested or noncrestedKis likel, to select a crested &ate. T!is "act indicates t!at t!e birds 're"erence "or crested or noncrested &ates is learned rat!er t!an #eneticall, deter&ined. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 1irds o" ot!er s'ecies also tend to s!o 're"erences "or &ates t!at !ave one or anot!er s'eci"ic '!,sical "eat%re. .1/ In #eneral t!ere are "e be!avioral di""erences bet een t!e crested and noncrested birds o" t!e s'ecies. .C/ 1ot! t!e crested and noncrested birds o" t!e s'ecies tend to select &ates t!at are si&ilar to t!e&selves in si)e and a#e. .3/ I" a crested bird o" t!e s'ecies is raised in ca'tivit, a'art "ro& ot!er birds and is later &oved to a &i(ed "lock9 t!at bird is likel, to select a crested &ate. .E/ I" a bird o" t!e s'ecies is raised in a "lock t!at contains bot! crested and noncrested birds9 t!at bird s!o s no 're"erence "or one variet, or t!e ot!er in its selection o" a &ate. 5C. Flant s'ecies di""er in t!at rene ed #ro t! in s'rin# can be tri##ered b, da, len#t! or b, te&'erat%re or else b, a co&bination o" bot!. 3a, len#t! is t!e sa&e9 ,ear a"ter ,ear9 "or an, #iven date. T!ere"ore9 an, 'lant s'ecies t!at starts to #ro a#ain on idel, di""erent dates in di""erent ,ears res%&es #ro t! at least in 'art in res'onse to te&'erat%re. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar in its 'attern o" reasonin# to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ In Eandia9 &edical assistant trainees &%st eit!er co&'lete a "or&al trainin# co%rse or ork "or one ,ear %nder t!e close s%'ervision o" a '!,sician. Since "e '!,sicians are illin# to act as s%'ervisors9 it &%st be tr%e t!at &ost &edical assistant trainees in Eandia take t!e trainin# co%rse. .1/ In t!e Cra "ord area9 easterl, inds &ean rain ill co&e and esterl, inds &ean dr, eat!er ill co&eD inds "ro& ot!er directions do not occ%r. T!ere"ore9 since it is c%rrentl, rainin# in Cra "ord9 t!ere &%st be an easterl, ind blo in# t!ere no . .C/ So&e land"ills c!ar#e #arba#e co&'anies b, vol%&e onl,9 so&e c!ar#e b, ei#!t onl,9 and all ot!ers %se a "or&%la sensitive to bot! vol%&e and ei#!t. So i" at a 'artic%lar land"ill t!e c!ar#es "or t o 'artic%lar loads o" e0%al vol%&e d%&'ed on t!e sa&e da, are di""erent9 ei#!t &%st http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@1A

deter&ine9 or !el' deter&ine9 c!ar#es at t!at land"ill. .3/ 3e'endin# on vol%&e o" b%siness9 eit!er one or t o or t!ree store detectives are needed "or ade0%ate 'rotection a#ainst s!o'li"tin#. T!ere"ore9 i" on an, 'artic%lar da, store &ana#e&ent !as decided t!at t!ree detectives ill be needed9 it &%st be beca%se b%siness t!at da, is e('ected to be !eav,. .E/ A call is &ore likel, to be !eard i" it is lo%d rat!er t!an so"t9 i" it is !i#!8 'itc!ed rat!er t!an lo 8'itc!ed9 and es'eciall, i" it is bot! lo%d and !i#!8 'itc!ed. T!ere"ore9 an,one !ose call #oes %n!eard in s'ite o" bein# at &a(i&%& lo%dness s!o%ld tr, to raise t!e 'itc! o" t!e call.

TEST 15
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Rain"all in t!e dro%#!t 'la#%ed &etro'olitan area as !eavier t!an %s%al "or t!e &ont! o" J%ne. 2evert!eless9 b, t!e "irst o" J%l, t!e cit,s ater s!orta#e as &ore severe t!an ever9 and o""icials 'ro'osed drastic restrictions on t!e %se o" ater. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 !el's to e('lain !, t!e cit,s ater s!orta#e as not alleviated b, t!e "irst o" J%l,.A/ Moderate restrictions on t!e ind%strial %se o" ater !ad #one into e""ect in t!e &etro'olitan area several &ont!s earlier. .1/ 1eca%se o" t!e !eavier rain"all9 'eo'le atered t!eir la ns &%c! less in J%ne t!at t!e, %s%all, do in t!e &etro'olitan area d%rin# t!at &ont!. .C/ Feo'le in t!e &etro'olitan area !o !ad vol%ntaril, red%ced t!eir %se o" ater in earlier &ont!s !en o""icials voice alar& %sed #reater t!an nor&al a&o%nts o" ater !en rain"all see&ed 'lenti"%l in J%ne. .3/ 3%rin# t!e dro%#!t &ost residents o" t!e &etro'olitan area !ad been in"or&ed abo%t ater conservation &et!ods t!at o%ld !el' t!e& to red%ce t!eir ater cons%&'tion si#ni"icantl, it! a &ini&al red%ction in t!eir standard o" livin#. .E/ T!e 'er ca'ita rate o" t!e %se o" ater in t!e &etro'olitan area as sli#!tl, lo er in J%ne t!at in eac! o" t!e t!ree 'revio%s &ont!s and si#ni"icantl, lo er t!at in J%ne o" t!e 'revio%s ,ear.

5.

Mana#er: I !ave circ%lated 'ostin# "or t!e 'osition o" Social Scienti"ic Researc!er. A''licants &%st !ave eit!er an earned doctorate and a track record o" '%blis!ed researc!9 or else "ive ,ears ork e('erience. T!e relevant "ields "or t!ese re0%ire&ents are sociolo#,9 's,c!olo#,9 and ed%cation.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

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@1B

6!ic! one o" t!e a''licants9 as described belo 9 does 27T &eet t!e &ana#ers re0%ire&ents.A/ Joanne 1ernstein !as orked "or t!e de'art&ent o" ed%cation as coordinator o" researc! "or t!e 'as eleven ,ears. S!e also served "or si( ,ears as director o" t!e Save t!e C!ildren $%nd. $or !ic! s!e as a arded an !onorar, doctorate "ro& t!e liberal arts colle#e !ere s!e earned !er bac!elors de#ree. .1/ Alvin Jo!nson is a doctoral candidate at a local %niversit, and is c%rrentl, orkin# on dissertation. Frior to %ndertakin# doctoral st%dies9 !e orked as a 's,c!olo#, researc! "or seven ,ears. .C/ Ed ard St. Jo!n !as orked as b%siness cons%ltant "or t!e 'ast ten ,ears9 d%rin# !ic! ti&e !e !as '%blis!ed si( novels. :e !olds an earned doctorate "ro& one o" t!e nations "ore&ost b%siness sc!ools. .3/ Mic!ael Roberts !as '%blis!ed t o !i#!l, re#arded books on t!e 'roble&s o" %rban '%blic sc!ools and !as a &asters de#ree in s'ecial ed%cation. :e ta%#!t s'ecial ed%cation classes "or t o ,ears and t!en "or "o%r ,ears served as a researc! associate it! t!e Ma,ors Task $orce on Ed%cation. .E/ Alicia Arias !olds an earned doctorate in sociolo#, "ro& a 'resti#io%s %niversit, and !as '%blis!ed one book and "i"teen researc! articles in sociolo#,. <. 3eer &ice nor&all, do not travel "ar "ro& t!eir nests9 and deer &ice t!at are &oved &ore t!an !al" a kilo&eter "ro& t!eir nests #enerall, never "ind t!eir a, back. *et in one case9 !en researc!ers ca&'ed near a deer &o%se nest and observed a ,o%n# deer &o%se "or several eeks be"ore &ovin# it to an area over t o kilo&eters a a,9 t!e deer &o%se "o%nd its a, back to its nest near t!eir ca&' in less t!an t o da,s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#s9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el' to e('lain !o t!e deer &o%se &i#!t !ave "o%nd its a, back to its nest.A/ T!e area to !ic! t!e deer &o%se as &oved as dr,er and &ore rock, t!an t!e area in !ic! its nest as located. .1/ T!e researc!ers released t!e deer &o%se in a "lat area across !ic! t!eir ca&'"ire s&oke dri"ted. .C/ T!ere ere ver, "e deer &ice in t!e area to !ic! t!e deer &o%se as &oved. .3/ T!e researc!ers !ad &oved t!e deer &%se in a s&all dark bo(9 kee'in# t!e &o%se cal& be"ore it as released. .E/ Ani&als t!at 're, on deer &ice ere co&&on in t!e area to !ic! t!e deer &o%se as &oved. C. T!e #overn&ents 'ro'osed B 'ercent c%t in all s%bsidies to arts #ro%'s ill be di""ic%lt "or t!ose #ro%'s to absorb. As can be seen9 !o ever9 "ro& t!eir res'onse http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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to last ,ears c%t9 it ill not '%t t!e& o%t o" e(istence. Last ,ear t!ere as also an B 'ercent c%t and t!o%#! 'rivate "%nd8raisin# as ver, di""ic%lt "or t!e arts #ro%'s in t!e c%rrent recessionar, econo&,9 t!e, did s%rvive. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ relies it!o%t arrant on t!e 'robabilit, t!at t!e econo&, ill i&'rove .1/ does not raise t!e iss%e o" !et!er t!ere s!o%ld be an, #overn&ent s%bsidies to arts #ro%'s at all .C/ e0%ates t!e &ere s%rvival o" t!e arts #ro%'s it! t!eir "lo%ris!in# .3/ does not take into acco%nt t!at t!e dollar a&o%nt o" t!e 'ro'osed c%t is lo er t!an t!e dollar a&o%nt o" last ,ears c%t .E/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e c%&%lative e""ect o" t!e c%ts ill be &ore t!at t!e arts #ro%'s can it!stand @. T!e avera#e literate 'erson toda, s'ends si#ni"icantl, less ti&e readin# t!an t!e avera#e literate 'erson did @I ,ears a#o9 ,et &an, &ore books are sold 'er ,ear no t!an ere sold @I ,ears a#o. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 !el' resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, above EECEFT: .A/ T!e 'o'%lation o" t!e literate 'eo'le is si#ni"icantl, lar#er toda, t!at it as @I ,ears a#o. .1/ Feo'le !o read books @I ,ears a#o ere &ore likel, to read books borro ed "ro& libraries t!an are 'eo'le !o read books toda,. .C/ T!e avera#e sc!olar or ot!er 'erson !o %ses books 'ro"essionall, toda, o ns and cons%lts &an, &ore di""erent books t!an did t!e avera#e sc!olar or si&ilar 'ro"essional @I ,ears a#o. .3/ Feo'le o" @I ,ears a#o ere &ore likel, t!an 'eo'le are toda, to dis'la, lar#e collections o" books as a si#n o" ed%cation and #ood taste. .E/ 1ooks sold no tend to be s!orter and easier to read t!at ere books sold @I ,ears a#o. G. So&e scientists believe t!at t!e relations!i' bet een &ice and !%&ans !as9 over ti&e9 di&inis!ed t!e abilit, o" &ice to s%rvive in nat%re9 so t!at no t!e, &%st de'end %'on !%&an civili)ation "or t!eir contin%ed e(istence. T!is o'inion9 !o ever9 i#nores si#ni"icant "acts. 3es'ite n%&ero%s 'redators and !%&anit,s en&it,9 &ice !ave distrib%ted t!e&selves &ore idel, across t!e 'lanet t!an an, ot!er &a&&al e(ce't !%&ans. Mice re'rod%ce ra'idl, and9 &ore i&'ortant to t!eir s%rvival9 t!e, !ave t!e abilit, to ada't to an e(traordinar, ran#e o" !abitats. S!o%ld t!e environ&ent ever beco&e too e(tre&e to s%''ort !%&an li"e9 nat%ralists 'redict t!at &ice o%ld be able to ada't and s%rvive. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost s%''ort t!e nat%ralists 'rediction.A/ T!e si)e o" t!e &o%se 'o'%lation is li&ited b, t!e availabilit, o" "ood. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@5I

.1/ =nder o'ti&%& conditions9 &ice re'rod%ce ever, "o%r eeks9 it! "ive to seven '%'s 'er litter. .C/ $ossil re&ains 'rove t!at &ice in!abited 2ort! A&erica 'rior to t!e arrival o" !%&ans. .3/ Mice !ave coloni)ed an island near Antarctica !ic! is too bleak and !ars! to s%''ort !%&an li"e. .E/ A si#ni"icant 'ercenta#e o" t!e orlds &o%se 'o'%lation lives in %rban areas. A. All )ebras !ave stri'es9 and t!e &ost ides'read s%bs'ecies !as t!e best8de"ined stri'es. T!e stri'es &%st t!ere"ore be o" i&'ortance to t!e s'ecies. Since a&on# t!ese #rassland #ra)ers t!e stri'es can !ardl, "%nction as ca&o%"la#e9 t!e, &%st serve as so&e sort o" si#nal "or ot!er )ebras. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e concl%sion re#ardin# a si#nalin# "%nction.A/ T!e s%bs'ecies o" )ebras it! t!e best8de"ined stri's is also c!aracteri)ed b, e(ce'tional si)e and vi#or. .1/ In certain tall #rasses )ebras can be !arder to s'ot t!an #ra)in# ani&als it! a coat o" %ni"or& color. .C/ A vis%al si#nal trans&itted a&on# t!e &e&bers o" a s'ecies can consist o" a te&'orar, c!an#e o" color 'erce'tible to ot!er &e&bers o" t!e s'ecies. .3/ Qebras react &%c! "aster to &ovin# s!a'es t!at !ave stri'es t!an t!e, do to &ovin# s!a'es t!at are ot!er ise identical b%t lack stri'es. .E/ Qebras !ave a ric!er re'ertoire o" vocal si#nals t!an do si&ilar s'ecies s%c! as !orses. B. So&e ,ears a#o9 an editorial de"ended =nite States #overn&ent restrictions on acade&ic "reedo&9 ar#%in# t!at scientists !o receive '%blic "%ndin# cannot ri#!tl, >detac! t!e&selves "ro& t!e #overn&ents 'olicies on national sec%rit,.? *et t!e sa&e editorial critici)ed t!e Soviet #overn&ent "or not allo in# scientists to >detac! t!e&selves "ro& 'olitics.? I" t!ere is a si#ni"icant di""erence bet een t!e 'rinci'les involved in eac! case9 t!e editorial s!o%ld !ave e('lained !at t!at di""erence is. T!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e critici)es t!e editorial b, .A/ dis'%tin# certain "act%al clai&s &ade in t!e editorial .1/ 'ointin# o%t an a''arent inconsistenc, in t!e editorial .C/ describin# an alle#ed e(ce'tion to a #eneral clai& &ade in t!e editorial .3/ re"%tin# an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent o" t!e editorial a''ears to !ave been based .E/ dra in# concl%sions "ro& t!e editorial di""erent "ro& t!e concl%sion dra n b, t!e riter o" t!e editorial H. F!.3. 'ro#ra&s are val%able onl, i" t!e, inc%lcate #ood sc!olars!i' and e('edite http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@51

t!e st%dents "%ll 'artici'ation in t!e "ield. :ence9 doctoral dissertations s!o%ld not be re0%ired in t!e !%&anities. =ndertakin# a 0%alit, book8len#t! dissertation de&ands an acc%&%lation o" kno led#e virt%all, i&'ossible "or t!ose relativel, ne to t!eir disci'lines. T!e st%dent conse0%entl, eit!er seeks to co&'ensate "or 'oor 0%alit, it! 0%antit, or ends %' s'endin# ,ears 'rod%cin# a ork o" 0%alit,. Eit!er a,9 t!e dissertation is co%nter'rod%ctive and "r%strates t!e a''ro'riate #oals o" t!e doctoral 'ro#ra&. T!e clai& t!at doctoral dissertations s!o%ld not be re0%ired in t!e !%&anities 'la, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It 'rovides essential s%''ort "or t!e concl%sion. .1/ It is an e(a&'le ill%strative o" a #eneral 'rinci'le concernin# t!e #oals o" F!.3. 'ro#ra&s. .C/ It is !at t!e ar#%&ent is atte&'tin# to establis!. .3/ It 'rovides evidence "or t!e ass%&'tion t!at re0%ire&ents "or de#rees in t!e !%&anities di""er "ro& re0%ire&ents "or de#rees in ot!er disci'lines. .E/ It con"ir&s t!e observation t!at t!e re0%ire&ent "or a dissertation can "r%strate t!e #oals o" a doctoral 'ro#ra&. 1I. T!e #overn&ent o" Fen#lai9 an isolated island9 'ro'osed eli&inatin# o%tdoor advertin# e(ce't "or s&all si#ns o" standard s!a'e t!at identi", 'laces o" b%siness. So&e island &erc!ants 'rotested t!at t!e la o%ld red%ce t!e overall vol%&e o" b%siness in Fen#lai9 'ointin# to a re'ort done b, t!e #overn&ent indicatin# t!at in ever, ind%str, t!e Fen#lai b%sinesses t!at %sed o%tdoor advertisin# !ad a lar#er &arket s!are t!an t!ose t!at did not. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# describes an error o" reasonin# in t!e &erc!ants ar#%&ent.A/ 'res%''osin# t!at t!ere are no #ood reasons "or restrictin# t!e %se o" o%tdoor advertisin# in Fen#lai .1/ ass%&in# it!o%t #ivin# +%sti"ication t!at t!e o%tdoor advertisin# increased &arket s!are b, so&e &eans ot!er t!an b, divertin# trader "ro& co&'etin# b%sinesses .C/ i#norin# t!e 0%estion o" !et!er t!e #overn&ents s%rve, o" t!e island co%ld be ob+ective .3/ "ailin# to establis! !et!er t!e &arket8s!are advanta#e en+o,ed b, b%sinesses e&'lo,in# o%tdoor advertisin# as 'recisel, 'ro'ortionate to t!e a&o%nt o" advertisin# .E/ disre#ardin# t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e #overn&ents 'ro'osed restrictions are %nconstit%tional 11. =nless t!e, are %sed as strictl, te&'orar, &eas%res9 rent8control ordinances .&%nici'al re#%lations 'lacin# li&its on rent increases/ !ave several ne#ative e""ects "or renters. 7ne o" t!ese is t!at t!e controls ill brin# abo%t a s!orta#e o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@55

rental %nits. T!is disadvanta#e "or renters occ%rs over t!e lon# r%n9 b%t t!e advanta#eKs&aller rent increasesKocc%rs i&&ediatel,. In &an, &%nici'alities9 s'eci"icall, in all t!ose !ere tenants o" rent8control %nits !ave a sec%re !old on 'olitical 'o er and can #et rent8control ordinances enacted or re'ealed9 it is invariabl, t!e desire "or s!ort8ter& #ain t!at #%ides t!ose tenants in t!e e(ercise o" t!at 'o er. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e&.A/ It is i&'ossible "or landlords to raise rents !en rent controls are in e""ect. .1/ In &an, &%nici'alities rent8control ordinances are re'ealed as soon as s!orta#es o" rental %nites arise. .C/ T!e onl, ne#ative e""ect o" tent control "or renters is t!at it brin#s abo%t a s!orta#e o" rental %nits. .3/ In &an, &%nici'alities t!ere is no 9 or event%all, ill be9 a s!orta#e o" rental %nits. .E/ In t!e lon# ter&9 a s!orta#e o" rental %nits ill raise rents s%bstantiall,. Questions 1!-13 In &an, lan#%a#es ot!er t!an En#lis! t!ere is a ord "or >&ot!ers brot!er? !ic! is di""erent "ro& t!e ord "or >"at!ers brot!er9? !ereas En#lis! %ses t!e ord >%ncle? "or bot!. T!%s9 s'eakers o" t!ese lan#%a#es evidence a &ore "inel, discri&inated kins!i' s,ste& t!an En#lis! s'eakers do. T!e n%&ber o" basic ords "or colors also varies idel, "ro& lan#%a#e to lan#%a#e. T!ere"ore9 s'eakers o" lan#%a#es t!at !ave "e er basic ords "or colors t!an En#lis! !as &%st be 'erce't%all, %nable to distin#%is! as &an, colors as s'eakers o" En#lis! can distin#%is!. 15. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 %nder&ines t!e concl%sion concernin# ords "or colors.A/ S'eakers o" En#lis! are able to distin#%is! bet een li#!ter and darker s!ades o" t!e color t!e, call >bl%e? "or !ic! R%ssian !as t o di""erent basic ords. .1/ Al&ost ever, lan#%a#e distin#%is!es red "ro& t!e ot!er colors. .C/ M!&er %ses a basic ord corres'ondin# to En#lis! >bl%e? "or &ost leaves9 b%t %ses its basic ord corres'ondin# to En#lis! >#reen? "or %nri'e bananas. .3/ T!e ord >oran#e? in En#lis! !as t!e sa&e ori#in as t!e e0%ivalent ord in S'anis!. .E/ Most lan#%a#es do not !ave a basic ord t!at distin#%is!es #ra, "ro& ot!er colors9 alt!o%#! #ra, is co&&onl, "o%nd in nat%re. 1<. T!e concl%sion concernin# ords "or colors o%ld be 'ro'erl, dra i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ere ass%&edhttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@5<

.A/ Most lan#%a#es !ave distinct ords "or >sister? and >brot!er.? .1/ Eac! lan#%a#e !as a di""erent basic ord "or eac! sensor, 0%alit, t!at its s'eakers can 'erce't%all, distin#%is!. .C/ Ever, lan#%a#e &akes so&e cate#or, distinctions t!at no ot!er lan#%a#e &akes. .3/ In an, lan#%a#e s!ort9 "re0%entl, %sed ords e('ress cate#ories t!at are i&'ortant "or its s'eakers to distin#%is! 'erce't%all, "ro& eac! ot!er. .E/ S'eaker o" lan#%a#es it! relativel, "e basic ords "or colors live in #eo#ra'!ical re#ions !ere "lora and "a%na do not var, #reatl, in color. Questions 14-15 Qac!ar,: 7ne o%ld !ave to be blind to t!e realit, o" &oral obli#ation to den, t!at 'eo'le !o believe a co%rse o" action to be &orall, obli#ator, "or t!e& !ave bot! t!e ri#!t and t!e d%t, to '%rs%e t!at action9 and t!at no one else !as an, ri#!t to sto' t!e& "ro& doin# so. C,nt!ia: 1%t i&a#ine an artist !o "eels &orall, obli#ed to do !atever s!e can to 'revent orks o" art "ro& bein# destro,ed con"rontin# a &orall, co&&itted anti'orno#ra'!, de&onstrator en#a#ed in destro,in# art orks !e dee&s 'orno#ra'!ic. Accordin# to ,o%r 'rinci'le t!at artist !as9 si&%ltaneo%sl,9 bot! t!e ri#!t and t!e d%t, to sto' t!e destr%ction and no ri#!t !atsoever to sto' it. 1C. C,nt!ias res'onse to Qac!ar,s clai& is str%ct%red to de&onstrate t!at .A/ t!e conce't o" &oral obli#ation is inco!erent .1/ t!e ideas o" ri#!t and d%t, s!o%ld not be taken serio%sl, since doin# so leads to &orall, %ndesirable conse0%ences .C/ Qac!ar,s 'rinci'le is %ntenable on its o n ter&s .3/ beca%se t!e ter& >&oral? obli#ation is %nderstood di""erentl, b, di""erent 'eo'le9 it is i&'ossible to "ind a 'rinci'le concernin# &oral ri#!ts and d%ties t!at a''lies to ever,one .3/ Qac!ar,s 'rinci'le is based on an %nderstandin# o" &oral obli#ation t!at is too narro to enco&'ass t!e kind o" &oral obli#ation artists "eel to ard orks o" art 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" s%bstit%ted "or t!e scenario invoked b, C,nt!ia9 o%ld 'reserve t!e "orce o" !er ar#%&ent.A/ a &edical researc!er !o "eels a &oral obli#ation not to clai& sole credit "or ork t!at as 'er"or&ed in 'art b, so&eone else con"rontin# anot!er researc!er !o "eels no s%c! &oral obli#ation .1/ a &an%"act%rer !o "eels a &oral obli#ation to recall 'otentiall, dan#ero%s 'rod%cts con"rontin# a cons%&er advocate !o "eels &orall, obli#ed to e('ose 'rod%ct de"ects .C/ an invest&ent banker !o believes t!at #overn&ents are &orall, obli#ed to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@5C

re#%late &a+or ind%stries con"rontin# an invest&ent banker !o !olds t!at #overn&ents !ave a &oral obli#ation not to inter"ere it! &arket "orces .3/ an arc!itect !o "eels a&oral obli#ation to desi#n onl, ener#,8e""icient b%ildin#s con"rontin#9 as a 'otential client9 a cor'oration t!at believes its 'ri&ar, &oral obli#ation is to &a(i&i)e s!are!older 'ro"its .E/ a !ealt! ins'ector !o "eels &orall, obli#ed to en"orce restrictions on t!e n%&ber o" cats a !o%se!older &a, kee' con"rontin# a !o%se!older !o9 "eelin# &orall, obli#ed to kee' ever, stra, t!at co&es alon#9 !as over t ice t!at n%&ber o" cats 1G. A co%nt, air'ort9 desi#ned to serve t!e needs o" 'rivate aircra"t o ners9 'lanned to cover its o'eratin# e('enses in 'art b, c!ar#in# %ser "ees to 'rivate aircra"t %sin# t!e air'ort. T!e air'ort as %nable to 'a, its o'eratin# e('enses beca%se t!e reven%e "ro& %ser "ees as lo er t!at e('ected. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ Most o" t!e co%ntr,s citi)ens live a convenient distance "ro& one or anot!er air'ort no o""erin# co&&ercial airline services. .1/ Frivate aircra"t o ners ere %n illin# to 'a, t!e %ser "ees c!ar#ed at t!e air'ort. .C/ T!e air'orts constr%ction as "inanced e(cl%sivel, b, 'rivate "%nds. .3/ T!e air'orts o'eratin# e('enses ere #reater t!an t!e reven%es raised "ro& so%rces ot!er t!an t!e air'ort %ser "ees "or 'rivate 'lanes. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" o ners o" 'rivate aircra"t !o %se t!e co%nt,s air'ort "acilities ill not c!an#e a''reciabl, in t!e "%t%re. Questions 1'-18 Cons%&er activist: 1, allo in# &a+or airlines to abandon9 as t!e, 'ro&'tl, did9 all b%t t!eir &ost 'ro"itable ro%tes9 t!e #overn&ents decision to cease re#%lation o" t!e airline ind%str, !as orked to t!e disadvanta#e o" ever,one !o lacks access to lar#e &etro'olitan air'ort. Ind%str, re'resentative: 7n t!e contrar,9 !ere &a+or airlines &oved o%t9 re#ional airlines !ave &oved in and9 as a conse0%ence9 t!ere are &ore "li#!ts into and o%t o" &ost s&all air'orts no t!an be"ore t!e c!an#e in re#%lator, 'olic,. 1A. T!e ind%str, re'resentatives ar#%&ent ill not 'rovide an e""ective ans er to t!e cons%&er activists clai& %nless !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is tr%e.A/ 2o s&all air'ort !as "e er "li#!ts no t!an it did be"ore t!e c!an#e in 'olic, re#ardin# re#%lation o" t!e airline ind%str,. .1/ 6!en 'er&itted to do so b, c!an#es in re#%lator, 'olic,9 eac! &a+or airline abandoned all b%t lar#e &etro'olitan air'orts. .C/ Folicies t!at res%lt in an increase in t!e n%&ber o" "li#!ts to !ic! cons%&ers !ave eas, access do not #enerall, ork to t!e disadvanta#e o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@5@

cons%&ers. .3/ Re#ional airlines c!ar#e less to "l, a #iven ro%te no t!an t!e &a+or airlines c!ar#ed !en t!e, "le t!e sa&e ro%te. .E/ An, 'olic, t!at leads to an increase in t!e n%&ber o" co&'etitors in a #iven "ield orks to t!e lon#8ter& advanta#e o" cons%&ers. 1B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e cons%&er activists ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 1e"ore t!e recent c!an#e in re#%lator, 'olic,9 t!ere as no advanta#e in !avin# eas, access to lar#e &etro'olitan air'ort. .1/ 6!en an, si)able #ro%' o" cons%&ers is serio%sl, disadvanta#ed b, a c!an#e in #overn&ent 'olic,9 t!at c!an#e s!o%ld be reversed. .C/ Govern&ent re#%lation o" ind%str, al&ost al a,s orks to t!e advanta#e o" cons%&ers. .3/ At t!e ti&e o" t!e re#%lator, c!an#e9 t!e &a+or airlines ere &aintainin# t!eir less 'ro"itable ro%tes at least in 'art beca%se o" #overn&ent re0%ire&ents. .E/ Re#ional airlines lack t!e reso%rces to 'rovide cons%&ers it! service o" t!e sa&e 0%alit, as t!at 'rovided b, t!e &a+or airlines. 1H. A re'ort on t!e likel, e""ects o" c%rrent levels o" air 'oll%tions on "orest #ro t! in 2ort! A&erica concl%ded t!at9 since nitro#en is necessar, n%trient "or o'ti&al 'lant #ro t!9 t!e nitro#en de'osited on "orest soil as res%lt o" air 'oll%tion 'robabl, bene"its eastern "orests. :o ever9 E%ro'ean soil scientists !ave "o%nd t!at in "orests sat%rated it! s%l"ate and nitrate9 tress be#in to die !en t!e nitro#en de'osited e(ceeds t!e a&o%nt o" nitro#en absorbed b, t!e "orest s,ste&. Since t!is "indin# is likel, to a''l, to "orests ever, !ere9 lar#e areas o" eastern "orests o" 2ort! A&erica are9 %ndo%btedl,9 alread, bein# a""ected adversel,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e i&'lication o" t!e re'ort cited is t!at t!e a&o%nt o" nitro#en reac!in# eastern "orests b, a, o" 'oll%ted air is a''ro(i&atel, !at t!ose "orests need "or o'ti&al #ro t!. .1/ I" lar#e areas o" eastern "orests ere increasin#l, sat%rated it! s%l"ate and nitrate9 t!e ca'acit, o" t!ose "orest s,ste&s "or absorbin# nitro#en o%ld also increase. .C/ T!e t,'e o" anal,sis %sed b, E%ro'ean soil scientists does not necessaril, a''l, to eastern "orests o" 2ort! A&erica. .3/ T!e eastern "orests are t!e onl, "orests o" 2ort! A&erica c%rrentl, a""ected b, 'oll%ted air. .E/ Contrar, to t!e re'ort cited9 t!e nitro#en 'oll%tion no in t!e air is &ore likel, to ca%se trees to die in eastern "orests t!an to bene"it t!e&. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@5G

5I. Railroad s'okes'erson: 7" co%rse it is a di""ic%lt task to &aintain 0%alit, o" service at t!e sa&e ti&e t!at t!e a&o%nt o" s%bsid, t!e ta('a,ers #ive t!e railroad net ork is red%ced. 7ver recent ,ears9 !o ever9 t!e n%&ber o" 'assen#ers !as increased in s'ite o" s%bsid, red%ctions. T!is "act leads to t!e concl%sion t!at o%r 0%alit, o" service !as been satis"actor,. T!e s'okes'ersons ar#%&ent is based on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Ta('a,ers do not is! to !ave t!eir ta(es raised to s%bsidi)e t!e railroads. .1/ So&e 'eo'le re"%se to travel b, train i" t!e, are dissatis"ied it! t!e 0%alit, o" service. .C/ T!e 0%alit, o" service on t!e trains &%st !ave i&'roved in s'ite o" s%bsid, red%ctions. .3/ It is i&'ossible to red%ce s%bsidies to t!e railroad net ork it!o%t so&e e""ect on t!e 0%alit, o" service. .E/ T!e increase in t!e n%&ber o" 'assen#ers ill increase reven%e s%""icientl, to o""set t!e s%bsid, red%ctions. 51. In res'onse to !i#! &ortalit, in area !os'itals9 s%r#er, as restricted to e&er#enc, 'roced%res d%rin# a "ive8 eek 'eriod. Mortalit, in t!ese !os'itals as "o%nd to !ave "allen b, nearl, one8t!ird d%rin# t!e 'eriod. T!e n%&ber o" deat!s rose a#ain !en elective s%r#er, .s%r#er, t!at can be 'ost'oned/ as res%&ed. It can be concl%ded t!at9 be"ore t!e "ive8 eek 'eriod9 t!e risks o" elective s%r#er, !ad been inc%rred %nnecessaril, o"ten in t!e area. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e concl%sion above.A/ T!e conditions "or !ic! elective s%r#er, as 'er"or&ed o%ld in t!e lon# r%n !ave been li"e8t!reatenin#9 and s%r#er, "or t!e& o%ld !ave beco&e riskier it! ti&e. .1/ T!e '!,sicians 'lannin# elective s%r#er, 'er"or&ed be"ore t!e "ive8 eek 'eriod !ad "%ll, in"or&ed t!e 'atients !o o%ld %nder#o it o" t!e 'ossible risks o" t!e 'roced%res. .C/ 1e"ore t!e s%s'ension o" elective s%r#er,9 s%r#ical o'erations ere 'er"or&ed in area !os'itals at a !i#!er rate9 'er t!o%sand residents o" t!e area9 t!an as %s%al else !ere. .3/ Elective s%r#er, is9 in #eneral9 less risk, t!an is e&er#enc, s%r#er, beca%se t!e conditions re0%irin# or indicatin# s%r#er, are o"ten less severe. .E/ Even i" a s%r#ical 'roced%re is s%ccess"%l9 t!e 'atient can die o" a !os'ital8 contracted in"ection it! a bacteri%& t!at is resistant to antibiotic treat&ent. 55. Galler, o ner: 1eca%se t!is 'aintin# a''ears in no catalo# o" van Go#!s ork9 e cannot #%arantee t!at !e 'ainted it. 1%t consider t!e s%b+ect is one !e 'ainted o"ten9 and e('erts a#ree t!at in !is later 'aintin#s van Go#! invariabl, %sed +%st http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@5A

s%c! broad br%s!strokes and distinctive co&binations o" colors as e "ind !ere. Internal evidence9 t!ere"ore9 &akes it virt%all, certain t!at t!is is a 'revio%sl, %ncatalo#ed9 late van Go#!9 and as s%c!9 a bar#ain at its 'rice. T!e reasonin# %sed b, t!e #aller, o ner is "la ed beca%se it .A/ i#nores t!e "act t!at t!ere can be #eneral a#ree&ent t!at so&et!in# is t!e case it!o%t its bein# t!e case .1/ ne#lects to cite e('ert a%t!orit, to s%bstantiate t!e clai& abo%t t!e s%b+ect &atter o" t!e 'aintin# .C/ ass%&es it!o%t s%""icient arrant t!at t!e onl, reason an,one o%ld ant to ac0%ire a 'aintin# is to &ake a 'ro"it .3/ 'rovides no evidence t!at t!e 'aintin# is &ore likel, to be an %ncatalo#ed van Go#! t!an to be a 'aintin# b, so&eone else !o 'ainted t!at 'artic%lar s%b+ect in van Go#!s st,le .E/ atte&'ts to establis! a 'artic%lar concl%sion beca%se doin# so is in t!e reasoners sel"8interest rat!er t!an beca%se o" an, #en%ine concern "or t!e tr%t! o" t!e &atter 5<. Govern&ent8s%bsidi)ed ins%rance available to !o&e o ners &akes it "easible "or an,one to b%ild a !o%se on a section o" coastline re#%larl, str%ck b, !%rricanes. Eac! &a+or stor& ca%ses billions o" dollars ort! o" da&a#e in s%c! coastal areas9 a"ter !ic! o ners !o !ave ins%rance are able to collect an a&o%nt o" &one, s%""icient to reco%' a !i#! 'ercenta#e o" t!eir losses. T!e 'assa#e 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or an ar#%&ent a#ainst a #overn&ent bill 'ro'osin# .A/ t!at 'o er co&'anies be re0%ired to b%r, 'o er lines in areas o" t!e coastline re#%larl, str%ck b, !%rricanes .1/ an increase in "%ndin# o" eat!er service 'ro#ra&s t!at 'rovide a !%rricane atc! and arnin# s,ste& "or coastal areas .C/ rene al o" "ederal "%ndin# "or e&er#enc, li"e8s%''ort 'ro#ra&s in !%rricane8 stricken areas .3/ establis!&ent o" an a#enc, co&&itted to &ana#in# coastal lands in ecolo#icall, res'onsible a,s .E/ establis!&ent o" a contin#enc, "%nd 'rotectin# o ners o" %nins%red !o%ses in t!e coastal areas "ro& catastro'!ic losses d%e to t!e !%rricane da&a#e 5C. 1et een 1H@1 and 1HG<9 it as ille#al in t!e co%ntr, o" Geronia to &an%"act%re9 sell9 or trans'ort an, alco!olic bevera#es. 3es'ite t!is 'ro!ibition9 !o ever9 t!e deat! rate "ro& diseases related to e(cessive alco!ol cons%&'tion as !i#!er d%rin# t!e "irst "ive ,ears o" t!e 'eriod t!an it as d%rin# t!e "ive ,ears 'rior to 1H@1. T!ere"ore9 t!e atte&'t to 'revent alco!ol %se &erel, &ake 'eo'le ant and %se alco!ol &ore t!an t!e, o%ld !ave i" it !ad not been "orbidden. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@5B

.A/ 3eat! "ro& an alco!ol8related disease #enerall, does not occ%r %ntil "ive to ten ,ears a"ter t!e onset o" e(cessive alco!ol cons%&'tion. .1/ T!e diseases t!at can be ca%sed b, e(cessive alco!ol cons%&'tion can also be ca%sed b, ot!er kinds o" be!avior t!at increased bet een 1H@1 and 1HG<. .C/ T!e deat! rate res%ltin# "ro& alco!ol8related diseases increased +%st as s!ar'l, d%rin# t!e ten ,ears be"ore and t!e ten ,ears a"ter t!e 'ro!ibition o" alco!ol as it did d%rin# t!e ,ears o" 'ro!ibition. .3/ Man, !o died o" alco!ol8related diseases bet een 1H@1 and 1HG< cons%&ed ille#all, i&'orted alco!olic bevera#es 'rod%ced b, t!e sa&e &et!ods as t!ose %sed it!in Geronia. .E/ 1et een 1H@1 and 1HG<9 a&on# t!e 'eo'le it! 'ree(istin# alco!ol8related diseases9 t!e 'ercenta#e !o obtained li"esavin# &edical attention declined beca%se o" a social sti#&a attac!ed to e(cessive alco!ol cons%&'tion. 5@. A letter s%b&itted to t!e editor o" a national ne s&a#a)ine as ritten and si#ned b, a 3r. S!irle, Martin !o9 in t!e te(t o" t!e letter9 &entions bein# a 'ro"essor at a &a+or 2ort! A&erican &edical sc!ool. Mno in# t!at "e er t!an @ 'ercent o" t!e 'ro"essors at s%c! sc!ools are o&en9 t!e editor reasons t!at t!e c!ances are better t!an 1H to 1 t!at t!e letter as ritten b, a &an. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# involves "la ed reasonin# &ost like t!at %sed b, t!e editor.A/ Since 1H o%t o" 5I !o&e co&'%ters are '%rc!ased 'ri&aril, "or %se it! co&'%ter #a&es9 and t!e "irst co&'%ter sold toda, as '%rc!ased solel, "or ord 'rocessin#9 t!e ne(t 1H co&'%ters sold ill al&ost certainl, be %sed 'ri&aril, "or co&'%ter #a&es. .1/ $e er t!an 1 in 5I o" t!e &an%scri'ts s%b&itted to Ar#on F%blis!in# Co. are acce'ted "or '%blication. Since onl, 1@ &an%scri'ts ere s%b&itted last eek9 t!ere is al&ost no c!ance t!at an, o" t!e& ill be acce'ted "or '%blication. .C/ $e er t!at @ 'ercent o" last ,ears #rad%atin# class took Latin in secondar, sc!ool. :o ard took Latin in secondar, sc!ool9 so i" !e !ad #rad%ated last ,ear9 it is likel, t!at one or t!e ot!er Latin sc!olars o%ld not !ave #rad%ated. .3/ More t!at H@ 'ercent o" t!e 'lanes b%ilt b, =1C last ,ear &et #overn&ent standards "or lar#e airliners. Since s&all 'lanes acco%nt "or +%st %nder @ 'ercent o" =1Cs o%t'%t last ,ear9 it is al&ost certain t!at all t!eir lar#e 'lanes &et #overn&ent standards. .E/ Since &ore t!an 1H o%t o" ever, 5I ani&als in t!e ildli"e 'reserve are &a&&als and "e er t!an 1 o%t o" 5I are birds9 t!ere is a #reater t!an H@ 'ercent c!ance t!at t!e ani&al E&il, sa "l,in# bet een t o trees in t!e ildli"e re"%#e ,esterda, &ornin# as a &a&&al. SECTI72 I4 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@5H

Time 35 minutes 25 Questions

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

In a ,earlon# st%d,9 !al" o" t!e 'artici'ants ere #iven a si&'le kit to %se at !o&e "or &eas%rin# t!e c!olesterol level o" t!eir blood. T!e, red%ced t!eir c!olesterol levels on avera#e 1@ 'ercent &ore t!an did 'artici'ants it!o%t t!e kit. Fartici'ants ere selected at rando& "ro& a&on# 'eo'le it! dan#ero%sl, !i#! c!olesterol levels. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e st%d,s "indin#.A/ T!e lo er a blood8c!olesterol level is9 t!e less acc%rate are &eas%re&ents &ade b, t!e kit. .1/ Fartici'ants it! t!e kit ere &ore likel, to avoid "oods t!at lo er c!olesterol level. .C/ Fartici'ants it! t!e kit %sed it &ore "re0%entl, d%rin# t!e "irst t o &ont!s o" t!e st%d,. .3/ All t!e 'artici'ants in t!e st%d, s!o ed so&e lo erin# o" c!olesterol levels9 t!e &ost strikin# decreases !avin# been ac!ieved in t!e "irst t!ree &ont!s. .E/ Fartici'ants %sin# t!e kit re'orted t!at eac! readin# rein"orced t!eir e""orts to red%ce t!eir c!olesterol levels.

5.

*o% s!o%ld not 'raise an act o" a''arent #enerosit, %nless ,o% believe it is act%all, 'er"or&ed o%t o" sel"less &otives9 and ,o% s!o%ld not conde&n an act o" a''arent sel"is!ness %nless ,o% believe it is act%all, 'er"or&ed o%t o" sel"8 centered &otives. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# +%d#&ents con"or&s to t!e 'rinci'le stated above.A/ Caroline ri#!tl, bla&ed !er co orker Monica "or "ailin# to assist !er in doin# a ti&e8cons%&in# 'ro+ect9 even t!o%#! s!e kne t!at Monica !ad o""ered to !el' in t!e 'ro+ect earlier b%t t!at !er o""er !ad been vetoed b, t!eir s%'ervisor. .1/ It as correct "or Sara! not to 'raise Mic!ael "or bein# c!aritable !en !e told !er t!at !e donates a tent! o" !is inco&e to c!arit,9 since s!e #%essed t!at !e onl, told t!at "act in order to i&'ress !er. .C/ Enri0%e +%sti"iabl, e(c%sed !is "riend 6illia& "or "ailin# to rite or '!one a"ter 6illia& &oved o%t o" to n beca%se !e reali)ed t!at 6illia& never &akes an e""ort to kee' in contact it! an, o" !is "riends. .3/ 3aniel as ri#!t not to 'raise Mar#aret "or o""erin# to s!are !er !o%se it! a visitin# $renc! "a&il,9 since !e believe t!at s!e &ade t!e o""er onl, beca%se s!e !o'ed it o%ld be reci'rocated b, an invitation to %se t!e "a&il,s a'art&ent in Faris. .E/ Albert correctl, critici)ed Lo%ise "or ado'tin# an abandoned do# beca%se !e believe t!at9 alt!o%#! s!e "elt sorr, "or t!e do#9 s!e did not !ave s%""icient http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@<I

ti&e or s'ace to care "or it ade0%atel,. <. T!e #overn&ent recentl, released a st%d, o" drinkin# ater9 in !ic! it as re'orted t!at cons%&ers !o bo%#!t bottled ater ere in &an, cases #ettin# ater t!at as less sa"e t!an !at t!e, co%ld obtain &%c! &ore c!ea'l, "ro& t!e '%blic ater s%''l,. In s'ite o" t!e enor&o%s '%blicit, t!at t!e st%d, received9 sales o" bottled ater !ave contin%ed to rise. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is &ost !el' in resolvin# t!e a''arent 'arado(.A/ 1ottled ater &i#!t contain levels o" 'otentiall, !ar&"%l conta&inants t!at are not allo ed in drinkin# ater. .1/ Most cons%&ers !o !abit%all, drink t!e bottled ater disc%ssed in t!e st%d, cannot di""erentiate bet een t!e taste o" t!eir %s%al brand o" bottled ater and t!at o" ater "ro& '%blic so%rces. .C/ Increased cons%&'tion o" t!e "ive best8sellin# brands o" bottled ater9 !ic! t!e re'ort said ere sa"er t!an bot! '%blic ater and &ost ot!er brands o" bottled ater9 acco%nted "or t!e increase in sales. .3/ T!e rate o" increase in t!e sales o" bottled ater !as slo ed since t!e '%blication o" t!e #overn&ent st%d,. .E/ Govern&ent !ealt! arnin#s concernin# "ood !ave beco&e so "re0%ent t!at cons%&ers !ave be#%n to do%bt t!e sa"et, o" &an, ever,da, "oods. C. Man, econo&icall, %se"%l ra &aterials are nonrene able and in li&ited s%''l, on Eart!. T!ere"ore9 %nless t!ose &aterials can be obtained so&e !ere ot!er t!an Eart!9 'eo'le ill event%all, be %nable to acco&'lis! !at t!e, no acco&'lis! %sin# t!ose &aterials. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ So&e econo&icall, %se"%l reso%rces are rene able. .1/ It is e(tre&el, di""ic%lt to #et ra &aterials "ro& o%ter s'ace. .C/ $%nctionall, e0%ivalent rene able s%bstit%tes co%ld be "o%nd "or nonrene able reso%rces t!at are in li&ited s%''l,. .3/ 6!at is acco&'lis!ed no %sin# nonrene able reso%rces is so&eti&es not ort! acco&'lis!in#. .E/ It ill be a "e !%ndred ,ears be"ore t!e Eart! is de'leted o" certain nonrene able reso%rces t!at are in li&ited s%''l,. @. 7nl, so&e strains o" t!e tobacco 'lant are nat%rall, resistant to tobacco &osaic vir%s9 never beco&in# diseased even !en in"ected. 6!en resistant strains ere e('eri&entall, in"ected it! t!e vir%s9 levels o" nat%rall, occ%rrin# salic,lic acid in t!ese 'lants increased "ive"old: no s%c! increase occ%rred in t!e nonresistant 'lants. In a second e('eri&ent9 @I nonresistant tobacco 'lants ere e('osed to tobacco &osaic vir%s9 and 5@ o" t!e& ere in+ected it! salic,lic acid. 2one o" t!ese 5@ 'lants s!o ed si#ns o" in"ectionD !o ever9 t!e ot!er 5@ 'lants http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@<1

s%cc%&bed to t!e disease. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e res%lts o" t!e e('eri&ents.A/ Tobacco 'lants t!at !ave beco&e diseased b, in"ection it! tobacco &osaic vir%s can be c%red b, in+ectin# t!e& it! salic,lic acid. .1/ Frod%cin# salic,lic acid is at least 'art o" t!e &ec!anis& b, !ic! so&e tobacco 'lants nat%rall, resist t!e disease ca%sed b, tobacco &osaic vir%s. .C/ Salic,lic acid is not 'rod%ced in strains o" tobacco 'lants t!at are not resistant to tobacco &osaic vir%s. .3/ It is 'ossible to test an %nin"ected tobacco 'lant "or resistance to tobacco &osaic vir%s b, &eas%rin# t!e level o" salic,lic acid it contains. .E/ T!e 'rod%ction o" salic,lic acid in certain strains o" tobacco 'lants can be increased and t!%s t!e strains &ade resistant to tobacco &osaic vir%s. Questions &-' T!e n%&ber o" !os'ital e&er#enc, roo& visits b, !eroin %sers #re &ore t!an 5@ 'ercent d%rin# t!e 1HBIs. Clearl,9 t!en9 t!e %se o" !eroin rose in t!at decade. G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld acco%nt "or t!e statistic above it!o%t s%''ortin# t!e a%t!ors concl%sion.A/ 6ides'read %se o" a%to&atic ea'ons in t!e dr%# trade d%rin# t!e 1HBIs raised t!e incidence o" '!,sical in+%r, to !eroin %sers. .1/ T!e introd%ction o" a s&okable t,'e o" !eroin d%rin# t!e 1HBIs re&oved t!e need "or !eroin to be in+ected intraveno%sl, and t!%s red%ced t!e %sers risk o" in"ection. .C/ Man, !os'ital e&er#enc, roo&s ere barel, able to acco&&odate t!e dra&atic increase in t!e n%&ber o" &edical e&er#encies related to dr%# ab%se d%rin# t!e 1HBIs. .3/ :eroin %se increased &%c! &ore t!an is re"lected in t!e rate o" !eroin8linked !os'ital e&er#enc, roo& visits. .E/ 4iral and bacterial in"ections9 &alno%ris!&ent9 and overdose acco%nt "or &ost !os'ital e&er#enc, roo& visits linked to !eroin. A. T!e a%t!ors concl%sion is 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ T!ose !o seek &edical care beca%se o" !eroin %se %s%all, do so in t!e later sta#es o" addiction. .1/ Man, !eroin %sers visit !os'ital e&er#enc, roo&s re'eatedl,. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" visits to !os'ital e&er#enc, roo&s b, !eroin %sers is 'ro'ortional to t!e incidence o" !eroin %sa#e. .3/ T!e &et!ods o" %sin# !eroin !ave c!an#ed since 1HBI9 and t!e ne &et!ods are less !a)ardo%s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@<5

.E/ =sers o" !eroin identi", t!e&selves as s%c! !en t!e, co&e to !os'ital e&er#enc, roo&s. B. T!e ,ear 1H1A9 1H<A9 1H@G9 1HGB9 1HAH9 and 1HHI are all notable "or t!e occ%rrence o" bot! 'o'%lar %'risin#s and near8&a(i&%& s%ns'ot activit,. 3%rin# !eav, s%ns'ot activit,9 t!ere is a s!ar' rise in 'ositivel, c!ar#ed ions in t!e air 'eo'le breat!e9 and 'ositivel, c!ar#ed ions are kno n to &ake 'eo'le an(io%s and irritable. T!ere"ore9 it is likel, t!at s%ns'ot activit, !as act%all, been a "actor in tri##erin# 'o'%lar %'risin#s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits a 'attern o" reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e ancient Greeks so&eti&es atte&'ted to 'redict t!e o%tco&e o" "%t%re events b, atc!in# t!e "li#!t 'atterns o" birds. Since t!e events t!e&selves o"ten &atc!ed t!e 'redictions9 t!e birds ere 'robabl, res'ondin# to so&e "actor t!at also in"l%enced t!e events. .1/ Mart!a9 Sidne,9 and :ilar, are t!e cit,s t!ree &ost 'o er"%l 'oliticians9 and all t!ree #rad%ated "ro& Rid#evie !i#! Sc!ool. Alt!o%#! Rid#evie never !ad a re'%tation "or e(cellence9 it &%st !ave been a #ood sc!ool to !ave 'rod%ced t!ree s%c! s%ccess"%l #rad%ates. .C/ =n%s%all, cold eat!er last 3ece&ber coincided it! a rise in "%el 'rices. 6!en it is cold9 'eo'le %se &ore "%el to kee' ar&D and !en &ore "%el is %sed9 'rices rise. T!ere"ore i" 'rices are !i#! ne(t inter9 it ill be t!e res%lt o" cold eat!er. .3/ T!e t!irt, !ealt!iest 'eo'le in a lon#8ter& &edical st%d, t%rned o%t to be t!e sa&e t!irt, !ose re#%lar diets incl%ded t!e &ost ve#etables. Since s'eci"ic s%bstances in ve#etables are kno n to !el' t!e bod, "li#!t disease9 ve#etables s!o%ld be 'art o" ever,ones diet. .E/ Ac&es &ost 'rod%ctive &ana#ers are consistentl, t!ose !o occ%', t!e corner o""ices9 !ic! !ave &ore indo s t!an ot!er o""ices at Ac&e. Since 'eo'le are &ore alert !en t!e, are e('osed to ab%ndant nat%ral li#!t9 t!e #reater 'rod%ctivit, o" t!ese &ana#ers is 'robabl, at least in 'art a res%lt o" t!eir orkin# in t!e corner o""ices. H. Since an,one !o s%''orts t!e ne ta( 'lan !as no c!ance o" bein# elected9 and an,one !o tr%l, %nderstands econo&ics o%ld not s%''ort t!e ta( 'lan9 onl, so&eone !o tr%l, %nderstands econo&ics o%ld !ave an, c!ance o" bein# elected. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at so&e 'eo'le !o .A/ tr%l, %nderstand econo&ics do not s%''ort t!e ta( 'lan .1/ tr%l, %nderstand econo&ics !ave no c!ance o" bein# elected .C/ do not s%''ort t!e ta( 'lan !ave no c!ance o" bein# elected

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@<<

.3/ do not s%''ort t!e ta( 'lan do not tr%l, %nderstand econo&ics .E/ !ave no c!ance o" bein# elected do not tr%l, %nderstand econo&ics 1I. Intervie er: *o% !ave s!o n t!at bio"eedback9 dietar, c!an#es9 and ado'tion o" 'ro'er slee' !abits all s%cceed in c%rin# inso&nia. *o% #o so "ar as to clai& t!at9 it! ri#oro%s ad!erence to t!e 'ro'er treat&ent9 an, case o" inso&nia is c%rable. *et in "act so&e 'atients s%""erin# "ro& inso&nia do not res'ond to treat&ent. T!era'ist: I" 'atients do not res'ond to treat&ent9 t!is +%st s!o s t!at t!e, are not ri#oro%s in ad!erin# to t!eir treat&ent. T!e t!era'ists re'l, to t!e intervie er is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It 'recl%des t!e 'ossibilit, o" discon"ir&in# evidence. .1/ It de'ends on t!e a&bi#%o%s %se o" t!e ter& >treat&ent.? .C/ It "ails to ackno led#e t!at t!ere &a, be di""erent ca%ses "or di""erent cases o" inso&nia. .3/ It does not 'rovide statistical evidence to back %' its clai&. .E/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at so&e cases o" inso&nia &i#!t i&'rove it!o%t an, treat&ent. Questions 11-1! Conservative: Socialists be#in t!eir ar#%&ents it! an anal,sis o" !istor,9 "ro& !ic! t!e, clai& to derive certain trends leadin# inevitabl, to a socialist "%t%re. 1%t in t!e da,8to8da, 'ro#ress o" !istor, t!ere are never s%c! discernible trends. 7nl, in retros'ect does inevitabilit, a''ear9 "or !istor, occ%rs t!ro%#! accident9 contin#enc,9 and individ%al str%##le. Socialist: I" e t!o%#!t t!e o%tco&e o" !istor, ere inevitable9 e o%ld not ork so !ard to trans"or& t!e instit%tions o" ca'italist societ,. 1%t to trans"or& t!e& e &%st "irst %nderstand t!e&9 and e can onl, %nderstand t!e& b, an anal,sis o" t!eir !istor,. T!is is !, !istorical anal,sis is i&'ortant in socialist ar#%&ent. 11. In t!e dis'%te t!e iss%e bet een t!e socialist and t!e conservatives can &ost acc%ratel, be described as !et!er .A/ a socialist societ, is t!e inevitable conse0%ence o" !istorical trends t!at can be identi"ied b, an anal,sis o" !istor, .1/ t!e instit%tions o" ca'italist societ, stand in need o" trans"or&ation .C/ socialists ar#%&ents "or t!e inevitabilit, o" socialis& are +%sti"ied .3/ it is 'ossible "or 'eo'le b, t!eir o n e""orts to a""ect t!e co%rse o" !istor, .E/ socialists anal,)e !istor, in order to s%''ort t!e vie t!at socialis& is inevitable 15. T!e socialists state&ents i&'l, a con"lict it! t!e conservatives vie o" !istor, i" t!e conservative also !olds t!at http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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.A/ it o%ld !ave been i&'ossible "or an,one to 'redict a si#ni"icant 'eriod be"ore!and t!at t!e instit%tions o" ca'italist societ, o%ld take t!e "or& t!at t!e, act%all, took .1/ t!e a''arent inevitabilit, o" !istorical c!an#e is dece'tiveD all !istorical events co%ld !ave occ%rred ot!er ise t!an t!e, act%all, did .C/ in t!e 'ast9 radical c!an#es in social str%ct%res !ave &ostl, res%lted in a deterioration o" social conditions .3/ since socialis& cannot arise b, accident or contin#enc,9 it can onl, arise as a res%lt o" individ%al str%##le .E/ beca%se !istorical c!an#es are &ostl, accidental9 it is i&'ossible "or 'eo'le to direct t!eir e""orts sensibl, to ard ac!ievin# lar#e8scale c!an#es in social conditions 1<. >Addiction? !as been de"ined as >de'endence on and ab%se o" a 's,c!oactive s%bstance.? 3e'endence and ab%se do not al a,s #o !and in !and9 !o ever. $or e(a&'le9 cancer 'atients can beco&e de'endent on &or'!ine to relieve t!eir 'ain9 b%t t!is is not ab%sin# t!e dr%#. Corres'ondin#l,9 a 'erson can ab%se a dr%# it!o%t bein# de'endent on it. T!ere"ore9 t!e de"inition o" >addiction? is incorrect. T!e relevance o" t!e e(a&'le o" cancer 'atients to t!e ar#%&ent de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ cancer 'atients never ab%se &or'!ine .1/ cancer 'atients o"ten beco&e de'endent on &or'!ine .C/ cancer 'atients !o are de'endent on &or'!ine are addicted to it .3/ cancer 'atients !o ab%se a dr%# are de'endent on it .E/ cancer 'atients cannot de'end on &or'!ine it!o%t ab%sin# it 1C. T!e co&&issioner !as anno%nced t!at J%d#e M!alid9 !o as on t!e seven8 &e&ber 'anel a''ointed to resolve t!e A&lec labor dis'%te9 ill !ave sole res'onsibilit, "or resolvin# t!e Si&don labor dis'%te. Since in its decision t!e A&lec 'anel s!o ed itsel" bot! reasonable and "air9 t!e t o sides in t!e Si&don dis'%te are %ndo%btedl, +%sti"ied in t!e con"idence t!e, !ave e('ressed in t!e reasonableness and "airness o" t!e arbitrator assi#ned to t!eir case. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# contains "la ed reasonin# &ost 'arallel to t!at contained in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Re'resentin# t!e sc!ool board9 Marcia 1art!es 'resented to t!e sc!ools 'rinci'al a list o" recentl, elected sc!ool board &e&bers. Since onl, an elected &e&ber o" t!e sc!ool board can act as its re'resentative. Ms. 1art!ess na&e %ndo%btedl, a''ears on t!at list. .1/ Alan Caldal"9 !o likes bein# aro%nd ,o%n# c!ildren9 !as decided to beco&e a 'ediatrician. Since t!e one c!aracteristic co&&on to all #ood 'ediatricians is t!at t!e, like ,o%n# c!ildren9 Mr. Caldal" ill %ndo%btedl, be a ver, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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#ood 'ediatrician. .C/ Jor#e 3ia) is a teac!er at a &%sic sc!ool nationall, kno n "or t!e e(cellence o" its cond%ctin# "ac%lt,. Since Mr. 3ia) !as recentl, been co&&ended "or t!e e(cellence o" !is teac!in#9 !e is %ndo%btedl, a &e&ber o" t!e sc!ools cond%ctin# "ac%lt,. .3/ =la 1or#9 !o !as sold real estate "or Arcande Realt, "or &an, ,ears9 %ndo%btedl, sold "e er !o%ses last ,ear t!at s!e !ad t!e ,ear be"ore since t!e n%&ber o" !o%ses sold last ,ear b, Arcande Realt, is "ar lo er t!an t!e n%&ber sold t!e 'revio%s ,ear. .E/ T!e &e&bers o" t!e local !istorical societ, %nani&o%sl, s%''ort desi#natin# t!e $irst 2ational 1ank b%ildin# a !istorical land&ark. Since Evel,n Geor#e is a &e&ber o" t!at societ,9 s!e %ndo%btedl, "avors accordin# land&ark stat%s to t!e cit, !all as ell. 1@. Ma#a)ine article: T!e Environ&ental Co&&issioners ne 'ro'osals are called >$res! T!inkin# on t!e Environ&ent? and a nation ide debate on t!e& !as been anno%nced. 6ell9 >"res! t!inkin#? "ro& s%c! an %nlikel, so%rce as t!e co&&issioner does deserve closer ins'ection. =n"ort%natel, e discovered t!at t!ese 'ro'osals are virt%all, identical to t!ose iss%ed t!ree &ont!s a#o b, Tsar0%e Inc9 %nder t!e !eadin# >ne Environ&entalis&? .Tsar0%e Inc.s c!ie" is a close "riend o" t!e co&&issioner/. Since Tsar0%e Inc.s 'oll%tin# !as &arked it as an environ&ental ni#!t&are9 in o%r o'inion t!e >nation ide debate? can end !ere. A "la in t!e &a#a)ine articles reasonin# is t!at it .A/ ass%&es it!o%t an, +%sti"ication t!at since t o te(ts are si&ilar one o" t!e& &%st be in"l%enced b, t!e ot!er .1/ #ives a distorted version o" t!e co&&issioners 'ro'osals and t!en attacks t!is distorted version .C/ dis&isses t!e 'ro'osals beca%se o" t!eir so%rce rat!er t!an beca%se o" t!eir s%bstance .3/ %ses e&otive lan#%a#e in labelin# t!e 'ro'osals .E/ a''eals to t!e a%t!orit, o" Tsar0%e Inc.s c!ie" it!o%t #ivin# evidence t!at t!is 'ersons o'inion s!o%ld carr, s'ecial ei#!t 1G. It is not reasonable to searc! o%t >or#anic? "oodsKt!ose #ro n it!o%t t!e a''lication o" s,nt!etic c!e&icalsKas t!e onl, nat%ral "oods. A 'lant ill take %' t!e &olec%les it needs "ro& t!e soil and t%rn t!e& into t!e sa&e nat%ral co&'o%nds9 !et!er or not t!ose &olec%les co&e "ro& c!e&icals a''lied to t!e soil. All co&'o%nds &ade b, 'lants are 'art o" nat%re9 so all are e0%all, nat%ral. T!e ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ rede"inin# a ter& in a a, t!at is "avorable to t!e ar#%&ent .1/ #ivin# a reason !, a reco&&ended co%rse o" action o%ld be bene"icial .C/ a''ealin# to t!e a%t!orit, o" scienti"ic &et!ods http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@<G

.3/ s!o in# t!at a necessar, condition "or correctl, a''l,in# t!e ter& >or#anic? is not satis"ied .E/ reinter'retin# evidence 'resented as s%''ortin# t!e 'osition bein# re+ected 1A. 7n co&'letin# bot! t!e co%rse in e('eri&ental desi#n and t!e develo'&ental 's,c!olo#, co%rse9 An#ela ill !ave earned a de#ree in 's,c!olo#,. Since e('eri&ental desi#n9 !ic! &%st be co&'leted be"ore takin# develo'&ental 's,c!olo#,9 ill not be o""ered %ntil ne(t ter&9 it ill be at least t o ter&s be"ore An#ela #ets !er 's,c!olo#, de#ree. I" t!e state&ents above are all tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ T!e develo'&ental 's,c!olo#, co%rse An#ela needs to take re0%ires t o ter&s to co&'lete. .1/ T!e co%rse in e('eri&ental desi#n is an easier co%rse t!an t!e co%rse in develo'&ental 's,c!olo#,. .C/ T!ere are no 'rere0%isites "or t!e co%rse in e('eri&ental desi#n. .3/ An,one !o earns a de#ree in 's,c!olo#, "or& t!e %niversit, An#ela attends ill !ave co&'leted t!e co%rse in e('eri&ental desi#n. .E/ 7nce An#ela co&'letes t!e develo'&ental 's,c!olo#, co%rse9 s!e ill !ave earned a de#ree in 's,c!olo#,. 1B. Accordin# to #overn&ent o""icial involved in overseein# air'lane sa"et, d%rin# t!e last ,ear9 over A@ 'ercent o" t!e voice8recorder ta'es taken "ro& s&all air'lanes involved in relativel, &inor accidents record t!e !istlin# o" t!e 'ilot d%rin# t!e "i"teen &in%tes i&&ediatel, 'recedin# t!e accident. Even s%c! &inor accidents 'ose so&e sa"et, risk. T!ere"ore9 i" 'assen#ers !ear t!e 'ilot start to !istle t!e, s!o%ld take sa"et, 'reca%tions9 !et!er instr%cted b, t!e 'ilot to do so or not. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it .A/ acce'ts t!e reliabilit, o" t!e cited statistics on t!e a%t!orit, o" an %nidenti"ied #overn&ent o""icial .1/ i#nores t!e "act t!at in nearl, one 0%arter o" t!ese accidents "ollo in# t!e reco&&endation o%ld not !ave i&'roved 'assen#er sa"et, .C/ does not indicate t!e criteria b, !ic! an accident is classi"ied as >relativel, &inor? .3/ 'rovides no in"or&ation abo%t t!e 'ercenta#e o" all s&all air'lane "li#!ts d%rin# !ic! t!e 'ilot !istles at so&e ti&e d%rin# t!at "li#!t .E/ "ails to s'eci", t!e 'ercenta#e o" all s&all air'lane "li#!ts t!at involve relativel, &inor accidents 1H. 6!en 'er&its "or t!e disc!ar#e o" c!e&icals into a ater a, are iss%ed9 t!e, are iss%ed in ter&s o" t!e n%&ber o" 'o%nds o" eac! c!e&ical t!at can be disc!ar#ed into t!e ater a, 'er da,. T!ese "i#%res9 calc%lated se'aratel, "or eac! c!e&ical

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@<A

"or !ic! a 'er&it is iss%ed9 are based on an esti&ate o" t!e e""ect o" t!e dil%tion o" t!e c!e&ical b, t!e a&o%nt o" ater "lo in# t!ro%#! t!e ater a,. T!e ater a, is t!ere"ore 'rotected a#ainst bein# adversel, a""ected b, c!e&icals disc!ar#ed %nder t!e 'er&its. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ relativel, !ar&less c!e&icals do not interact it! eac! ot!er in t!e ater to "or& !ar&"%l co&'o%nds .1/ t!ere is a s i"t "lo o" ater in t!e ater a, t!at ens%res ra'id dis'ersion o" c!e&icals disc!ar#ed .C/ t!ere are no c!e&icals "or !ic! disc!ar#e into ater a,s is entirel, 'ro!ibited .3/ t!ose !o receive t!e 'er&its do not al a,s disc!ar#e t!e entire 0%antit, o" c!e&icals t!at t!e 'er&its allo .E/ t!e dan#er o" c!e&ical 'oll%tion o" ater a,s is to be eval%ated in ter&s o" !%&an !ealt! onl, and not in ter&s o" t!e !ealt! o" bot! !%&an bein#s and ildli"e Questions !0-!1 Monroe9 des'ite !is #enerall, 'oor a''etite9 t!oro%#!l, en+o,ed t!e t!ree &eals !e ate at t!e Ti'8To' Resta%rant9 b%t9 %n"ort%natel,9 a"ter eac! &eal !e beca&e ill. T!e "irst ti&e !e ate an e(tra8lar#e sa%sa#e 'i))a it! a side order o" !ot 'e''erD t!e second ti&e !e took "%ll advanta#e o" t!e all8,o%8can8eat "ried s!ri&' and !ot 'e''ers s'ecialD and t!e t!ird ti&e !e !ad t o o" Ti'8To's #iant &eatball sand ic!es it! !ot 'e''ers. Since t!e onl, "ood all t!ree &eals !ad in co&&on as t!e !ot 'e''ers. Monroe concl%des t!at it is solel, d%e to Ti'8To's !ot 'e''ers t!at !e beca&e ill. 5I. Monroes reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ :e dra s !is concl%sion on t!e basis o" too "e &eals t!at ere cons%&ed at Ti'8To' and t!at incl%ded !ot 'e''ers. .1/ :e 'osits a ca%sal relations!i' it!o%t ascertainin# t!at t!e 'res%&ed ca%se 'receded t!e 'res%&ed e""ect. .C/ :e allo s !is desire to contin%e dinin# at Ti'8To' to bias !is concl%sion. .3/ :e "ails to establis! t!at ever,one !o ate Ti'8To's !ot 'e''ers beca&e ill. .E/ :e overlooks t!e "act t!at at all t!ree &eals !e cons%&ed !at as9 "or !i&9 an %n%s%all, lar#e 0%antit, o" "ood. 51. I" bot! Monroes concl%sion and t!e evidence on !ic! !e bases it are correct9 t!e, o%ld 'rovide t!e stron#est s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Monroe can eat an, o" Ti'8To's dail, all8,o%8can8eat s'ecials it!o%t beco&in# ill as lon# as t!e s'ecial does not incl%de t!e !ot 'e''ers. .1/ I"9 at !is t!ird &eal at Ti'8To'9 Monroe !ad c!osen to eat t!e baked c!icken it! !ot 'e''ers9 !e o%ld !ave beco&e ill a"ter t!at &eal. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@<B

.C/ I" t!e ne(t ti&e Monroe eats one o" Ti'8To's e(tra8lar#e sa%sa#e 'i))as !e does not !ave a side order o" !ot 'e''ers9 !e ill not beco&e ill a"ter !is &eal. .3/ 1e"ore eatin# Ti'8To's "ried s!ri&' it! !ot 'e''ers s'ecial9 Monroe !ad eaten "ried s!ri&' it!o%t s%""erin# an, ill e""ects. .E/ T!e onl, 'lace Monroe !as eaten !ot 'e''ers !as been at Ti'8To'. 55. >T!is co&'an, ill not be trainin# an, &ore 'ilots in t!e "oreseeable "%t%re9 since e !ave CII trained 'ilots on o%r aitin# list !o are seekin# e&'lo,&ent. T!e ot!er "ive &a+or co&'anies eac! !ave ro%#!l, t!e sa&e n%&ber o" trained 'ilots on t!eir aitin# lists9 and since t!e 'ro+ected re0%ire&ent o" eac! co&'an, is "or not &an, &ore t!an 1II additional 'ilots9 t!ere ill be no s!orta#e o" 'ersonnel des'ite t!e c%rrent %'s in# in t!e aviation ind%str,.? 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost do%bt on t!e acc%rac, o" t!e above concl%sion.A/ Most o" t!e trained 'ilots !o are on a aitin# list "or a +ob are on t!e aitin# lists o" all t!e &a+or co&'anies. .1/ In t!e lon# r%n9 'ilot trainin# ill beco&e necessar, to co&'ensate "or ordinar, attrition. .C/ I" no ne 'ilots are trained9 t!ere ill be an a#e i&balance in t!e 'ilot ork "orce. .3/ T!e 0%oted 'ersonnel 'ro+ections take acco%nt o" t!e c%rrent %'s in# in t!e aviation ind%str,. .E/ So&e o" t!e ot!er &a+or co&'anies are still trainin# 'ilots b%t it! no 'res%&'tion o" s%bse0%ent e&'lo,&ent. 5<. A cars antit!e"t alar& tat so%nds in t!e &iddle o" t!e ni#!t in a cro ded cit, nei#!bor!ood &a, sto' an atte&'ted car t!e"t. 7n t!e ot!er !and9 t!e alar& &i#!t si#nal onl, a "a%lt in t!e device9 or a res'onse to so&e !ar&less contact9 s%c! as a tree branc! br%s!in# t!e car. 1%t !atever t!e ca%se9 t!e slee' o" &an, 'eo'le in t!e nei#!bor!ood is dist%rbed. 7%t o" consideration "or ot!ers9 'eo'le !o !ave t!ese antit!e"t alar&s on t!eir cars s!o%ld deactivate t!e& !en t!e, 'ark in cro ded cit, nei#!bor!oods at ni#!t. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" ass%&ed b, t!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e9 o%ld allo !er 'ro'erl, to dra !er concl%sion t!at t!e o ners o" alar&8e0%i''ed cars s!o%ld deactivate t!e alar&s !en 'arkin# in cro ded cit, nei#!bor!oods at ni#!t.A/ T!e inconvenience o" "alse alar&s is s&all 'rice to 'a, "or t!e sec%rit, o" a nei#!bor!ood. .1/ In &ost cases !en a car alar& so%nds at ni#!t9 it is a "alse alar&. .C/ Allo in# t!e residents o" a cro ded cit, nei#!bor!ood to slee' %ndist%rbed is &ore i&'ortant t!an 'reventin# car t!e"t. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@<H

.3/ Feo'le !o e0%i' t!eir cars it! antit!e"t alar&s are #enerall, inconsiderate o" ot!ers. .E/ T!e so%ndin# o" car antit!e"t alar&s d%rin# t!e da,ti&e does not dist%rb t!e residents o" cro ded cit, nei#!bor!oods. Questions !4-!5 In Fer%9 ancient dist%rbances in t!e dark s%r"ace &aterial o" a desert s!o %' as li#!t8 colored lines t!at are t!e idt! o" a "oot'at! and stretc! "or lon# distances. 7ne #ro%' o" lines branc!in# o%t like ra,s "ro& a sin#le 'oint crosses over c%rved lines t!at "or& a ver, lar#e bird "i#%re. Inter'retin# t!e lines in t!e desert as landin# stri's "or s'aces!i'8travelin# aliens9 an investi#ator ar#%es t!at t!e, co%ld !ardl, !ave been Inca roads9 askin#9 >6!at %se to t!e Inca o%ld !ave been closel, s'aced roads t!at ran 'arallel- T!at intersected in a s%nb%rst 'attern- T!at ca&e abr%'tl, to an end in t!e &iddle o" an %nin!abited 'lain.? 5C. T!e ar#%&entative strate#, o" t!e investi#ator 0%oted is to .A/ re+ect o%t o" !and direct co%nterevidence to t!e investi#ators o n inter'retation .1/ introd%ce evidence ne l, discovered b, t!e investi#ator !ic! discredits t!e alternative inter'retation .C/ s%''ort one inter'retation b, callin# into 0%estion t!e 'la%sibilit, o" t!e alternative inter'retation .3/ c!allen#e t!e investi#ative &et!ods %sed b, t!ose !o develo'ed t!e alternative inter'retation .E/ s!o t!at t!e t o co&'etin# inter'retations can be reconciled it! one anot!er 5@. $or so&eone !o inter'rets t!e lines as re"errin# to astrono&ical '!eno&ena9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost e""ectivel, co%nters an ob+ection t!at t!e crossin# o" t!e strai#!t8line 'attern over t!e bird "i#%re s!o s t!at t!e t o kinds o" line 'attern served %nrelated '%r'oses.A/ In areas t!at ere in!abited b, ancient native 2ort! A&erican 'eo'les9 arran#e&ents o" stones !ave been "o%nd t!at &ake 'laces !ere s%nli#!t "alls 'recisel, on t!e s'rin# solstice9 an astrono&icall, deter&ined date. .1/ T!e strai#!t lines are consistent it! si#!t lines to 'oints on t!e !ori)on !ere 'artic%lar astrono&ical events co%ld !ave been observed at certain 'la%sible dates9 and t!e "i#%re co%ld re'resent a constellation. .C/ T!e strai#!t8line 'attern is 'art o" a lar#e connected co&'le( o" 'atterns o" strai#!t8line ra,s connectin# certain 'oints it! one anot!er. .3/ 2ative Central A&erican c%lt%res9 s%c! as t!at o" t!e Ma,a9 le"t be!ind elaborate astrono&ical calendars t!at ere en#raved on rocks. .E/ T!ere is evidence t!at t!e bird "i#%re as &ade ell be"ore t!e strai#!t8line http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@CI

'attern.

TEST 16
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

6alter: Alt!o%#! ci#arette s&okin# is le#al9 it s!o%ld be banned on all airline "li#!ts. Ci#arette s&okin# in t!e con"ines o" an aircra"t e('oses nons&okers to !ar&"%l second!and s&oke t!at t!e, cannot avoid. 6!ic! one t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld +%sti", t!e 'ro'osal '%t "ort! b, 6alter.A/ Feo'le s!o%ld be 'ro!ibited "ro& en#a#in# in an ot!er ise le#al activit, in t!ose sit%ations in !ic! t!at activit, o%ld %navoidabl, e('ose ot!ers to !ar&. .1/ An activit, s!o%ld be banned onl, i" &ost sit%ations in !ic! a 'erson en#a#ed in t!at activit, o%ld inevitabl, e('ose ot!ers to !ar&. .C/ A le#al activit, t!at !as t!e 'otential "or ca%sin# !ar& to ot!ers in certain sit%ations s!o%ld be &odi"ied in t!ose sit%ations to render it !ar&less. .3/ Feo'le !o re#%larl, en#a#e in an activit, t!at !as t!e 'otential "or !ar&in# ot!ers !en t!at activit, takes 'lace in certain sit%ations s!o%ld be e(cl%ded "ro& t!ose sit%ations. .E/ I" an activit, is le#al in so&e sit%ations in !ic! a 'ersons en#a#in# in t!at activit, co%ld !ar& ot!ers9 t!en t!at activit, s!o%ld be le#al in all sit%ations.

5.

F!,sicist: T!e clai& t!at lo 8te&'erat%re n%clear "%sion can be ac!ieved entirel, b, c!e&ical &eans is based on c!e&ical e('eri&ents in !ic! t!e &eas%re&ents and calc%lations are inacc%rate. C!e&ist: 1%t ,o%r c!allen#e is ine""ect%al9 since ,o% are si&'l, +ealo%s at t!e t!o%#!t t!at c!e&ists &i#!t !ave solved a 'roble& t!at '!,sicists !ave been %nable to solve. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e stron#est criticis& o" t!e c!e&ists res'onse to t!e '!,sicists c!allen#e.A/ It restates a clai& in di""erent ords instead o" o""erin# evidence "or t!is clai&. .1/ It "ails to establis! t!at 'er"ect acc%rac, o" &eas%re&ents and calc%lations is 'ossible. .C/ It con"%ses t o di""erent &eanin#s o" t!e ord >solve.? .3/ It is directed a#ainst t!e 'ro'onent o" a clai& rat!er t!an a#ainst t!e clai& itsel". http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@C1

.E/ It rests on a contradiction. <. A certain strain o" bacteria as "o%nd in t!e sto&ac!s o" %lcer 'atients. A &edical researc!er it! no !istor, o" %lcers inadvertentl, in#ested so&e o" t!e bacteria and it!in eeks develo'ed an %lcer. T!ere"ore9 it is !i#!l, likel, t!at t!e bacteria strain ind%ces %lcers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost s%''orts t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Feo'le !o !ave t!e bacteria strain in t!eir sto&ac!s !ave been "o%nd to !ave no #reater incidence o" kidne, disease t!at do 'eo'le !o lack t!e bacteria strain. .1/ T!e researc!er did not develo' an, ot!er serio%s !ealt! 'roble&s it!in a ,ear a"ter in#estin# t!e bacteria strain. .C/ T!ere is no evidence t!at t!e bacteria strain ind%ces %lcers in laborator, ani&als. .3/ T!e researc!er is a reco#ni)ed e('ert in t!e treat&ent o" diseases o" t!e sto&ac!. .E/ A st%d, o" 59III 'eo'le !o do not !ave %lcers "o%nd t!at none o" t!ese 'eo'le !ad t!e bacteria strain in t!eir sto&ac!s. C. A recent st%d, &onitored t!e blood 'ress%re o" 'eo'le 'ettin# do&estic ani&als in t!e laborator,. T!e blood 'ress%re o" so&e o" t!ese 'eo'le lo ered !ile 'ettin# t!e ani&als. T!ere"ore9 "or an,one o" t!e 'eo'le so a""ected9 o nin# a 'et o%ld res%lt in t!at 'erson !avin# a lo er avera#e blood 'ress%re. T!e "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 1eca%se a sin#le dose o" a dr%# acts as a re&ed, "or a 'artic%lar ail&ent9 a !ealt!, 'erson can ard o"" t!at ail&ent b, takin# sin#le doses re#%larl,. .1/ 1eca%se b%,in# an a%to&obile is ver, e('ensive9 'eo'le s!o%ld !old on to an a%to&obile9 once bo%#!t9 "or as lon# as it can be &aintained in r%nnin# condition. .C/ Since 'r%nin# !o%se'lants is en+o,able "or so&e 'eo'le9 t!ose 'eo'le s!o%ld #et rid o" !o%se'lants t!at do not re0%ire "re0%ent 'r%nin#. .3/ Since ridin# in a boat "or a "e &in%tes is rela(in# "or so&e 'eo'le9 t!ose 'eo'le o%ld be &ore rela(ed #enerall, i" t!ose 'eo'le o ned boats. .E/ Since #ivin# a "ence one coat o" !ile 'aint &akes t!e "ence !ite9 #ivin# it t o coats o" !ite 'aint o%ld &ake it even !iter. @. 7" t!e "ive bill collectors at A'e( Collection A#enc,9 Mr. *o%n# !as t!e !i#!est rate o" %ns%ccess"%l collections. *et Mr. *o%n# is t!e best bill collector on t!e a#enc,s sta"". 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc,-

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@C5

.A/ Mr. *o%n# is assi#ned t!e &a+orit, o" t!e &ost di""ic%lt cases at t!e a#enc,. .1/ T!e ot!er "o%r bill collectors at t!e a#enc, all consider Mr. *o%n# to be a ver, ca'able bill collector. .C/ Mr. *o%n#s rate o" collections 'er ,ear !as re&ained "airl, stead, in t!e last "e ,ears. .3/ 1e"ore +oinin# t!e a#enc,9 Mr. *o%n# as a""iliated it! t!e credit de'art&ent o" a lar#e de'art&ent store. .E/ 2one o" t!e bill collectors at t!e a#enc, !as been on t!e a#enc,s sta"" lon#er t!an Mr. *o%n# !as. G. A 'ri&ate +a bone "o%nd in 2a&ibia in so%t!ern A"rica !as been identi"ied b, ant!ro'olo#ists as t!at o" an a'e t!at lived bet een 1I &illion and 1@ &illion ,ears a#o. Researc!ers #enerall, a#ree t!at s%c! ancient 'ri&ates lived onl, in dense "orests. Conse0%entl,9 t!e dr,9 treeless e('anses no do&inatin# t!e landsca'e in and aro%nd 2a&ibia &%st !ave re'laced an earlier !eavil, "orested terrain. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Modern a'es also tend to live onl, in !eavil, "orested terrain. .1/ T!e a'e !ose +a bone as "o%nd lived in or near t!e area t!at is no 2a&ibia. .C/ T!ere ere no a'es livin# in t!e area t!at is no 2a&ibia 'rior to 1@ &illion ,ears a#o. .3/ T!e a'e !ose +a bone as "o%nd as ada'ted to a diet t!at as si#ni"icantl, di""erent "ro& t!at o" an, &ode& a'e. .E/ T!e ancient 'ri&ates ere n%&ero%s eno%#! to !ave ca%sed severe da&a#e to t!e ecolo#, o" t!e "orests in !ic! t!e, lived. A. 6orkers &a, co&'lain abo%t &an, t!in#s at ork9 b%t stress is not !i#! on t!e list. In "act9 in a recent s%rve, a &a+orit, 'laced boredo& at t!e to' o" t!eir list o" co&'laints. T!e ass%&'tion t!at +ob8related stress is t!e &ost serio%s 'roble& "or orkers in t!e cor'orate orld is t!%s si&'l, not arranted. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!ose orkers !o are res'onsible "or t!e 'lannin# and s%'ervision o" lon#8 ter& 'ro+ects are less likel, to co&'lain o" eit!er boredo& or stress. .1/ 6orkers !o co&'lain o" boredo& e(!ibit &ore stress8related s,&'to&s t!an do t!ose !o clai& t!eir ork is interestin#. .C/ 6orkers res'ondin# to o'inion s%rve,s tend to e&'!asi)e t!ose e('eriences t!at !ave !a''ened &ost recentl,. .3/ 6orkers !o "eel t!at t!eir salaries are co&&ens%rate it! t!e a&o%nt o" ork t!e, do are less likel, to co&'lain o" boredo&. .E/ 6orkers are less likel, to co&'lain abo%t ork i" t!e, "eel t!at t!eir +obs are http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@C<

sec%re. B. 6o%ld it be ri#!t "or t!e #overn&ent to abandon e""orts to deter&ine at !at levels to allo to(ic s%bstances in o%r "ood s%''l,- 7nl, i" it can reasonabl, be ar#%ed t!at t!e onl, acce'table level o" to(ic s%bstances in "ood is )ero. :o ever9 virt%all, all "oods contain 'er"ectl, nat%ral s%bstances t!at are to(ic b%t ca%se no !ar& beca%se t!e, do not occ%r in "ood in to(ic concentrations. $%rt!er&ore9 e can never be certain o" !avin# red%ced t!e concentration o" an, s%bstance to )eroD all e can ever kno is t!at it !as been red%ced to belo t!e t!res!old o" detection o" c%rrent anal,tical &et!ods. T!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ t!e #overn&ent s!o%ld contin%e tr,in# to deter&ine acce'table levels "or to(ic s%bstances in o%r "ood s%''l, .1/ t!e onl, acce'table level o" to(ic s%bstances in "ood is )ero .C/ nat%rall, occ%rrin# to(ic s%bstances in "ood 'resent little dan#er beca%se t!e, rarel, occ%r in to(ic concentrations .3/ t!e #overn&ent ill never be able to deter&ine it! certaint, t!at a "ood contains no to(ic s%bstances .E/ t!e #overn&ent needs to re"ine its &et!ods o" detectin# to(ic s%bstances in o%r "ood s%''l, H. 7ver t!e 'ast t ent,8"ive ,ears t!e introd%ction o" labor8savin# tec!nolo#ies !as #reatl, red%ced t!e avera#e a&o%nt o" ti&e a orker needs to 'rod%ce a #iven o%t'%t9 'otentiall, bot! red%cin# t!e n%&ber o" !o%rs eac! orker orks eac! eek and increasin# orkers leis%re ti&e corres'ondin#l,. T!e avera#e a&o%nt o" leis%re ti&e 'er orker9 !o ever9 !as increased at onl, !al" t!e rate at !ic! t!e avera#e !o%rl, o%t'%t 'er orker !as #ro n. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e&.A/ 6orkers on avera#e s'end &ore &one, on leis%re activities toda, t!an t!e, did t ent,8"ive ,ears a#o. .1/ Labor8savin# tec!nolo#ies !ave created "e er +obs t!an t!e, !ave eli&inated. .C/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" t!e 'o'%lation t!at is in t!e ork "orce !as #ro n over t!e 'ast t ent,8"ive ,ears. .3/ T!e avera#e !o%rl, o%t'%t 'er orker !as not risen as &%c! as !ad been antici'ated !en &odern labor8savin# tec!nolo#ies ere "irst introd%ced. .E/ T ent,8"ive ,ears a#o t!e avera#e eekl, o%t'%t 'er orker as less t!an it is toda,. 1I. Ten t!o%sand ,ears a#o &an, co&&%nities in estern Asia sto''ed 'roc%rin# "ood b, !%ntin# and #at!erin# and be#an instead to c%ltivate "ood. Arc!aeolo#ical evidence reveals t!at co&'ared to t!eir !%nter8#at!erer "orebears9 t!e earl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@CC

a#ric%lt%ral 'eo'les ate a 'oorl, balanced diet and !ad diet8related !ealt! 'roble&s9 ,et t!ese 'eo'les never ret%rned to !%ntin# and #at!erin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain !, t!e a#ric%lt%ral 'eo'les o" estern Asia never ret%rned to !%ntin# and #at!erin#.A/ T!e 'lants and ani&als t!at t!e a#ric%lt%ral 'eo'les be#an to c%ltivate contin%ed to e(ist in t!e ild. .1/ 1ot! !%nter8#at!erers and a#ric%lt%ralists so&eti&es de'ended on stored and 'reserved "oods instead o" "res! "oods. .C/ An increase in 'o'%lation densit, at t!e ti&e re0%ired a !i#!er "ood 'rod%ction rate t!an !%ntin# and #at!erin# co%ld 'rovide. .3/ T!o%sands o" ,ears a#o si&ilar s!i"ts "ro& !%ntin# and #at!erin# to a#ric%lt%re occ%rred in &an, ot!er 'arts o" t!e orld. .E/ T!e '!,sical labor involved in a#ric%lt%re b%rns &ore calories t!an does t!at needed "or !%ntin# and #at!erin#. 11. S!o%ld a Jo%rnalists stor, be#in it! t!e set '!rase >in a s%r'rise develo'&ent9? as ro%tinel, !a''ens- 6ell9 not i" t!e s%r'rise as &erel, t!e +o%rnalists9 since +o%rnalists s!o%ld not intr%de t!e&selves into t!eir stories9 and not i" t!e s%r'rise as so&eone elses9 beca%se i" so&e 'ersons s%r'rise as ort! &entionin# at all9 it s!o%ld !ave been s'eci"icall, attrib%ted. T!e one 'ossibilit, re&ainin# is t!at lots o" 'eo'le ere s%r'rised: in t!at case9 !o ever9 t!ere is no 'oint in belaborin# t!e obvio%s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, states t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Jo%rnalists s!o%ld reserve %se o" t!e '!rase >in a s%r'rise develo'&ent? "or &a+or develo'&ents t!at are tr%l, %ne('ected. .1/ T!e '!rase >in a s%r'rise develo'&ent? is a''ro'riatel, %sed onl, !ere so&eones bein# s%r'rised is itsel" interestin#. .C/ T!e '!ase >in a s%r'rise develo'&ent? is %sed in t!ree distinct sorts o" circ%&stances. .3/ Jo%rnalists s!o%ld &ake t!e 'oint t!at a develo'&ent co&es as a s%r'rise !en s%&&in# %'9 not !en introd%cin# a stor,. .E/ Introd%cin# stories it! t!e '!rase >in a s%r'rise develo'&ent? is not #ood +o%rnalistic 'ractice. 15. Individ%al ',rrole &olec%les readil, +oin to#et!er into lar#er &olec%les called 'ol,',rroles. I" 'ol,',rroles "or& "ro& ',rrole in t!e 'resence o" )eolites9 t!e, do so b, attac!in# to t!e )eolite eit!er in l%&'s on t!e o%ter s%r"ace o" t!e )eolite or in delicate c!ains it!in t!e )eolites inner c!annels. 6!en )eolite c!an#es color "ro& ,ello to black9 it &eans t!at on or in t!at )eolite 'ol,',rroles !ave "or&ed "ro& ',rrole. *ello )eolite "ree o" an, ',rrole as s%b&er#ed in dissolved ',rrole. T!e )eolite t%rned black even t!o%#! no 'ol,',rroles "or&ed http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@C@

on its o%ter s%r"ace. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st on t!e basis o" t!e& be tr%e.A/ Fol,',rroles !ad alread, "or&ed on or in t!e )eolite be"ore it as s%b&er#ed. .1/ L%&'s o" 'ol,',rrole attac!ed to t!e )eolite ere res'onsible "or its color c!an#e. .C/ At least so&e o" t!e ',rrole in !ic! t!e )eolite as s%b&er#ed "or&ed 'ol,',rrole c!ains. .3/ 2one o" t!e ',rrole in !ic! t!e )eolite as s%b&er#ed attac!ed itsel" to t!e )eolite. .E/ Little9 i" an,9 o" t!e ',rrole in !ic! t!e )eolite as s%b&er#ed reac!ed t!e )eolites inner c!annels. Questions 13-14 Fedi#reed do#s9 incl%din# t!ose o""iciall, classi"ied as orkin# do#s9 &%st con"or& to standards set b, or#ani)ations t!at iss%e 'edi#rees. T!ose standards #enerall, s'eci", t!e '!,sical a''earance necessar, "or a do# to be reco#ni)ed as belon#in# to a breed b%t sti'%late not!in# abo%t ot!er #enetic traits9 s%c! as t!ose t!at enable breeds ori#inall, develo'ed as orkin# do#s to 'er"or& t!e ork "or !ic! t!e, ere develo'ed. Since do# breeders tr, to &aintain onl, t!ose traits s'eci"ied b, 'edi#ree or#ani)ations9 and traits t!at breeders do not tr, to &aintain risk bein# lost9 certain traits like !erdin# abilit, risk bein# lost a&on# 'edi#reed do#s. T!ere"ore9 'edi#ree or#ani)ations s!o%ld set standards re0%irin# orkin# abilit, in 'edi#reed do#s classi"ied as orkin# do#s. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 +%sti"ies t!e ar#%&ents concl%sion t!at 'edi#ree or#ani)ations s!o%ld set standards "or orkin# abilit, in do#s.A/ 7r#ani)ations t!at set standards "or 'rod%cts or activities s!o%ld not set standards callin# "or a 'artic%lar c!aracteristic i" s%c! standards increase t!e risk o" so&e ot!er c!aracteristic bein# lost. .1/ An, standard c%rrentl, in e""ect "or a 'rod%ct or an activit, s!o%ld be ri#oro%sl, en"orced re#ardless o" !en t!e standard as "irst set. .C/ 7r#ani)ations t!at set standards "or 'rod%cts or activities s!o%ld be res'onsible "or seein# to it t!at t!ose 'rod%cts or activities con"or& to all t!e s'eci"ications called "or b, t!ose standards. .3/ An, standard t!at is set "or a 'rod%ct or an activit, s!o%ld re"lect t!e %ses to !ic! t!at 'rod%ct or activit, ill event%all, be '%t. .E/ 7r#ani)ations t!at set standards "or 'rod%cts or activities s!o%ld atte&'t to ens%re t!at t!ose 'rod%cts or activities can serve t!e '%r'oses "or !ic! t!e, ere ori#inall, develo'ed. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@CG

1C. T!e '!rase >certain traits like !erdin# abilit, risk bein# lost a&on# 'edi#reed do#s? serves !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# "%nctions in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It is a clai& on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends b%t "or !ic! no s%''ort is #iven. .1/ It is a s%bsidiar, concl%sion %sed in s%''ort o" t!e &ain concl%sion. .C/ It ackno led#es a 'ossible ob+ection to t!e 'ro'osal '%t "ort! in t!e ar#%&ent. .3/ It s%&&ari)es t!e 'osition t!at t!e ar#%&ent as a !ole is directed to ard discreditin#. .E/ It 'rovides evidence necessar, to s%''ort a clai& stated earlier in t!e ar#%&ent. 1@. In r!e%&atoid art!ritis9 t!e bod,s i&&%ne s,ste& &is"%nctions b, attackin# !ealt!, cells in t!e +oints9 ca%sin# t!e release o" a !or&one t!at in t%rn ca%ses 'ain and s ellin#. T!is !or&one is nor&all, activated onl, in reaction to in+%r, or in"ection. A ne art!ritis &edication ill contain a 'rotein t!at in!ibits t!e "%nctionin# o" t!e !or&one t!at ca%ses 'ain and s ellin# in t!e +oints. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ =nlike as'irin and ot!er &edications t!at red%ce 'ain and s ellin# and t!at are c%rrentl, available9 t!e ne &edication o%ld re'air e(istin# cell da&a#e t!at !ad been ca%sed b, r!e%&atoid art!ritis. .1/ T!e bene"its to r!e%&atoid art!ritis s%""erers o" t!e ne &edication o%ld o%t ei#! t!e &edications 'ossible !ar&"%l side e""ect. .C/ A 'atient treated it! t!e ne &edication "or r!e%&atoid art!ritis co%ld s%stain a +oint in+%r, it!o%t beco&in# a are o" it. .3/ T!e ne &edication co%ld be ada'ted "or %se a#ainst a variet, o" i&&%ne s,ste& disorders9 s%c! as diabetes and l%'%s. .E/ Joint diseases ot!er t!an r!e%&atoid art!ritis o%ld not be a""ected b, t!e ne &edication. 1G. In t!eir native !abit9 a&ar,llis 'lants #o dor&ant !en t!e soil in !ic! t!e, are #ro in# dries o%t d%rin# t!e dr, season. T!ere"ore9 i" a&ar,llis 'lants ke't as !o%se'lants are to t!rive9 ater s!o%ld be it!!eld "ro& t!e& d%rin# 'art o" t!e ,ear so t!at t!e 'lants #o dor&ant. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Most kinds o" 'lants #o dor&ant at so&e ti&e or ot!er d%rin# t!e ,ear. .1/ A&ar,llis are &ore di""ic%lt kee' as !o%se'lants t!an ot!er kinds o" 'lants are. .C/ 6ater s!o%ld be it!!eld "ro& a&ar,llis 'lants ke't as !o%se'lants d%rin# t!e e(act ti&e o" ,ear t!at corres'onds to t!e dr, season in t!eir native !abitat. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@CA

.3/ An, a&ar,llis 'lant t!at "ails to t!rive is likel, to !ave been dor&ant "or too s!ort a ti&e. .E/ Goin# dor&ant bene"its a&ar,llis 'lants in t!eir native !abitat in so&e a, ot!er t!an si&'l, 'reventin# deat! d%rin# overl, dr, 'eriods. 1A. Most 'eo'le believe t!at ,a nin# is &ost 'o er"%ll, tri##ered b, seein# so&eone else ,a n. T!is belie" abo%t ,a nin# is ides'read not onl, toda,9 b%t also !as been co&&on'lace in &an, 'arts o" t!e orld in t!e 'ast9 i" e are to believe !istorians o" 'o'%lar c%lt%re. T!%s9 seein# so&eone else ,a n &%st be t!e &ost irresistible ca%se o" ,a nin#. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It atte&'ts to s%''ort its concl%sion solel, b, restatin# t!at concl%sion in ot!er ords. .1/ It cites t!e evidence o" !istorians o" 'o'%lar c%lt%re in direct s%''ort o" a clai& t!at lies o%tside t!eir area o" e('ertise. .C/ It &akes a s ee'in# #enerali)ation abo%t ,a nin# based on evidence dra n "ro& a li&ited n%&ber o" at,'ical cases. .3/ It s%''orts its concl%sion b, a''ealin# solel, to o'inion in a &atter t!at is lar#el, "act%al. .E/ It takes "or #ranted t!at ,a ns !ave no ca%se ot!er t!an t!e one it cites. 1B. Ever,one !o is a #o%r&et cook en+o,s a ide variet, "oods and s'ices. Since no one !o en+o,s a ide variet, o" "oods and s'ices 're"ers bland "oods to all !er "oods9 it "ollo s t!at an,one !o 're"ers bland "oods to all ot!er "oods is not a #o%r&et cook. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# dis'la,ed in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at dis'la,ed in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ All o" t!e 'aintin#s in t!e :%an# Collection ill be '%t %' "or a%ction ne(t eek. Since t!e 'aintin#s to be a%ctioned ne(t eek are b, a ide variet, o" artists9 it "ollo s t!at t!e 'aintin#s in t!e :%an# Collection are b, a ide variet, o" artists. .1/ All o" t!e 'aintin#s in t!e :%an# Collection are abstract. Since no abstract 'aintin# ill be incl%ded in ne(t eeks art a%ction9 not!in# to be incl%ded in ne(t eeks art a%ction is a 'aintin# in t!e :%an# Collection. .C/ All o" t!e 'aintin#s in t!e :%an# Collection are s%'erb orks o" art. Since none o" t!e 'aintin#s in t!e :%an# Collection is b, Ro%T9 it stands to reason t!at no 'aintin# b, Ro%T is a s%'erb ork o" art. .3/ Ever, 'osti&'ressionist 'aintin# "ro& t!e :%an# Collection ill be a%ctioned o"" ne(t eek. 2o 'o' art 'aintin#s "ro& t!e :%an# Collection ill be a%ctioned o"" ne(t eek. :ence none o" t!e 'o' art 'aintin#s to be a%ctioned o"" ne(t eek ill be "ro& t!e :%an# Collection. .E/ Ever, 'aintin# "ro& t!e :%an# Collection t!at is to be a%ctioned o"" ne(t http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@CB

eek is a &a+or ork o" art. 2o 'rice can ade0%atel, re"lect t!e tr%e val%e o" a &a+or ork o" art. :ence t!e 'rices t!at ill be 'aid at ne(t eeks a%ction ill not ade0%atel, re"lect t!e tr%e val%e o" t!e 'aintin#s sold. 1H. 6it!o%t in"or&ation t!at co%ld onl, !ave co&e "ro& so&eone 'resent at t!e secret &eetin# bet een t!e "inance &inister and t!e leader o" t!e o''osition 'art,9 t!e ne s'a'er stor, t!at "orced t!e "inance &inister to resi#n co%ld not !ave been ritten. 2o one itnessed t!e &eetin#9 !o ever9 e(ce't t!e &inisters aide. It is clear9 t!ere"ore9 t!at t!e "inance &inister as %lti&atel, bro%#!t do n9 not b, an, o" !is 'o er"%l 'olitical ene&ies9 b%t b, !is o n tr%sted aide. T!e ar#%&ent co&&its !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# errors o" reasonin#.A/ dra in# a concl%sion on t!e basis o" evidence t!at 'rovides e0%all, stron# s%''ort "or a co&'etin# concl%sion .1/ ass%&in# it!o%t arrant t!at i" one t!in# cannot occ%r it!o%t anot!er t!in#s alread, !avin# occ%rred9 t!en t!e earlier t!in# cannot occ%r it!o%t brin#in# abo%t t!e later t!in# .C/ con"%sin# evidence t!at a #iven o%tco&e on one occasion as bro%#!t abo%t in a certain a, it! evidence t!at t!e sa&e o%tco&e on a di""erent occasion as bro%#!t abo%t in t!at a, .3/ basin# its concl%sion on evidence t!at is al&ost entirel, irrelevant to t!e 'oint at iss%e .E/ treatin# evidence t!at a #iven action contrib%ted to brin#in# abo%t a certain e""ect as t!o%#! t!at evidence establis!ed t!at t!e #iven action b, itsel" as s%""icient to brin# abo%t t!at e""ect 5I. S. R. Evans: A "e critics !ave dis&issed &, 'oe&s as not bein# 'oe&s and !ave dis&issed &e as not bein# a 'oet. 1%t one 'rinci'le o" criticis& !as it t!at onl, tr%e 'oets can reco#ni)e 'oetic creativit, or "%nction as critics o" 'oetr,Kand t!at t!e onl, tr%e 'oets are t!ose !ose ork conve,s #en%ine 'oetic creativit,. 1%t I !ave read t!e ork o" t!ese criticsD none o" it de&onstrated 'oetic creativit,. T!ese critics +%d#&ents s!o%ld be re+ected9 since t!ese critics are not tr%e 'oets. T!e ar#%&ent above is v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it .A/ 'res%''oses !at it sets o%t to concl%de9 since t!e 'rinci'le re0%ires t!at onl, tr%e 'oets can deter&ine !et!er t!e critics ork de&onstrates 'oetic creativit, .1/ %ses t!e distinction bet een 'oets and critics as t!o%#! ever,one "ell into one cate#or, or t!e ot!er .C/ #ives no +%sti"ication "or t!e i&'licit clai& t!at t!e standin# o" a 'oet can be +%d#ed inde'endentl, o" !is or !er 'oetr, .3/ &akes an %n+%sti"iable distinction9 since it is 'ossible t!at so&e critics are also 'oets http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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.E/ inevitabl, leads to t!e concl%sion t!at 'oets can never learn to i&'rove t!eir 'oetr,9 since no 'oet is in a 'osition to critici)e !is or !er o n ork 51. Clai&: Co%ntr, Es #overn&ent lo ered tari"" barriers beca%se doin# so served t!e interests o" 'o er"%l "orei#n co&'anies. Frinci'le: In order "or a c!an#e to be e('lained b, t!e advanta#e so&e 'erson or #ro%' #ained "ro& it9 it &%st be s!o n !o t!e interests o" t!e 'erson or #ro%' 'la,ed a role in brin#in# abo%t t!e c!an#e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 can &ost lo#icall, serve as a 're&ise "or an ar#%&ent t!at %ses t!e 'rinci'le to co%nter t!e clai&.A/ $orei#n co&'anies did bene"it !en Co%ntr, E lo ered tari"" barriers9 b%t cons%&ers in Co%ntr, E bene"ited +%st as &%c!. .1/ In t!e 'eriod since tari"" barriers ere lo ered9 'rice co&'etition a&on# i&'orters !as severel, li&ited i&'orters 'ro"its "ro& sellin# "orei#n co&'anies 'rod%cts in Co%ntr, E. .C/ It as i&'ossible to 'redict !o Co%ntr, Es econo&ic re"or&s9 !ic! incl%ded lo erin# tari"" barriers9 o%ld a""ect t!e econo&, in t!e s!ort ter&. .3/ Man, o" t!e "orei#n co&'anies t!at bene"ited "ro& Co%ntr, Es lo erin# tari"" barriers co&'ete "iercel, a&on# t!e&selves bot! in Co%ntr, E and in ot!er &arkets. .E/ Alt!o%#! "orei#n co&'anies bene"ited !en Co%ntr, E lo ered tari"" barriers9 t!ere is no ot!er evidence t!at t!ese "orei#n co&'anies ind%ced t!e c!an#e. 55. A scientist &ade t!ree observations: .1/ in t!e orlds te&'erate )ones9 "ood is &ore 'lenti"%l in t!e ocean t!an it is in "res! aterD .5/ &i#rator, "is! in te&'erate )ones #enerall, &at%re in t!e ocean and s'a n in "res! aterD and .</ &i#rator, "is! need &%c! no%ris!&ent as t!e, &at%re b%t little or none d%rin# t!e 'art o" t!eir lives !en t!e, s'a n. 7n t!e basis o" t!ose observations9 t!e scientist "or&%lated t!e !,'ot!esis t!at "ood availabilit, is a deter&inin# "actor in t!e &i#ration o" &i#rator, "is!. S%bse0%entl, t!e scientist learned t!at in t!e tro'ics &i#rator, "is! #enerall, &at%re in "res! ater and s'a n in t!e ocean. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld it be &ost !el'"%l to kno in order to +%d#e !et!er !at t!e scientist s%bse0%entl, learned calls into 0%estion t!e !,'ot!esis.A/ !et!er in t!e orlds te&'erate )ones9 t!e te&'erat%res o" bodies o" "res! ater tend to be lo er t!an t!ose o" t!e re#ions o" t!e oceans into !ic! t!e, "lo .1/ !et!er t!e t,'es o" "oods t!at &i#rator, "is! eat !ile t!e, in!abit t!e ocean are si&ilar to t!ose t!at t!e, eat !ile t!e, in!abit bodies o" "res! ater

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

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.C/ !et!er an, s'ecies o" "is! it! 'o'%lations in te&'erate )ones also !ave 'o'%lations t!at live in t!e tro'ics .3/ !et!er t!ere are &ore s'ecies o" &i#rator, "is! in t!e tro'ics t!an t!ere are in te&'erate )ones .E/ !et!er in t!e tro'ics "ood is less 'lenti"%l in t!e ocean t!an in "res! ater 5<. 2o co&'%ter ill ever be able to do ever,t!in# t!at so&e !%&an &inds can do9 "or t!ere are so&e 'roble&s t!at cannot be solved b, "ollo in# an, set o" &ec!anicall, a''licable r%les. *et co&'%ters can onl, solve 'roble&s b, "ollo in# so&e set o" &ec!anicall, a''licable r%les. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ At least one 'roble& solvable b, "ollo in# so&e set o" &ec!anicall, a''licable r%les is not solvable b, an, !%&an &ind. .1/ At least one 'roble& not solvable b, "ollo in# an, set o" &ec!anicall, a''licable r%les is solvable b, at least one !%&an &ind. .C/ At least one 'roble& solvable b, "ollo in# so&e set o" &ec!anicall, a''licable r%les is solvable b, ever, !%&an &ind. .3/ Ever, 'roble& t!at is solvable b, "ollo in# &ore t!an one set o" &ec!anicall, a''licable r%les is solvable b, al&ost ever, !%&an &ind. .E/ Ever, 'roble& t!at is solvable b, "ollo in# at least one set o" &ec!anicall, a''licable r%les is solvable b, at least one !%&an &ind. 5C. Feo'le ere asked in a s%rve, !o old t!e, "elt. T!e, re'lied9 al&ost %nani&o%sl, des'ite a #reat diversit, o" a#es9 it! a n%&ber t!at as A@ 'ercent o" t!eir real a#e. T!ere is9 !o ever9 a 'roble& in %nderstandin# t!is sort o" res'onse. $or e(a&'le9 s%''ose it &eant t!at a CB8,ear8old &an as clai&in# to "eel as !e "elt at <G. 1%t at a#e <G !e o%ld !ave said !e "elt like a &an o" 5A9 and at 5A !e o%ld !ave said !e "elt +%st over 5I9 and so on into c!ild!ood. And s%rel,9 t!at CB8,ear8old &an did not &ean to s%##est t!at !e "elt like a c!ildJ 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# tec!ni0%es o" reasonin# is e&'lo,ed in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 'ro+ectin# "ro& res'onses collected at one ti&e "ro& &an, individ%als o" idel, di""erent a#es to !,'ot!etical earlier res'onses o" a sin#le individ%al at so&e o" t!ose a#es .1/ reinter'retin# !at certain 'eo'le act%all, said in t!e li#!t o" !at o%ld9 in t!e circ%&stances9 !ave been t!e &ost reasonable t!in# "or t!e& to sa, .C/ 0%ali",in# an overl, s ee'in# #enerali)ation in li#!t o" a sin#le ell c!osen co%ntere(a&'le .3/ derivin# a contradiction "ro& a 'air o" state&ents in order to 'rove t!at at least one o" t!ose state&ents is "alse .E/ anal,)in# an %ne('ected %nani&it, a&on# res'ondents as evidence9 not o" a #reat %ni"or&it, o" o'inion a&on# t!ose res'ondents9 b%t o" t!eir s%ccess"%l http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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&ani'%lation b, t!eir 0%estioners SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 26 Questions

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

Questions 1-! T!ose !o s%''ort t!e contin%ed readin# and 'er"or&ance o" S!akes'eares 'la,s &aintain t!at in En#land a''reciation "or !is ork !as al a,s e(tended be,ond ed%cated elites and t!at ever since S!akes'eares o n ti&e !is 'la,s !ave al a,s been kno n and loved b, co&'arativel, %ned%cated 'eo'le. Ske'ticis& abo%t t!is clai& is borne o%t b, e(a&inin# earl, ei#!teen8cent%r, editions o" t!e 'la,s. T!ese books9 it! t!eir "ine 'a'er and #ood bindin#s9 &%st !ave been "ar be,ond t!e reac! o" 'eo'le o" ordinar, &eans. 1. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent is to .A/ s%##est t!at kno led#e o" S!akes'eares 'la, is a s%itable criterion "or distin#%is!in# t!e ed%cated elite "ro& ot!er &e&bers o" En#lis! societ, .1/ 'rovide evidence t!at at so&e ti&e in t!e 'ast a''reciation "or S!akes'eares 'la, as con"ined to ed%cated elites .C/ 'rove t!at earl, ei#!teent!8cent%r, a''reciation "or S!akes'eares orks rested on as'ects o" t!e orks t!at are less a''reciated toda, .3/ de&onstrate t!at since S!akes'eares ti&e t!e 'eo'le !o !ave kno n and loved !is ork !ave all been &e&bers o" ed%cated elites .E/ con"ir& t!e ske'ticis& o" t!e ed%cated elite concernin# t!e ort! o" S!akes'eares 'la,s 5. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# describes a reasonin# error in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e ar#%&ent %ses t!e 'o'%larit, o" S!akes'eares 'la,s as a &eas%re o" t!eir literar, 0%alit,. .1/ T!e ar#%&ent bases an aest!etic concl%sion abo%t S!akes'eares 'la,s on '%rel, econo&ic evidence. .C/ T!e ar#%&ent anac!ronisticall, %ses t!e standards o" t!e t entiet! cent%r, to +%d#e events t!at occ%rred in t!e earl, ei#!teent! cent%r,. .3/ T!e ar#%&ent +%d#es t!e literar, 0%alit, o" a books te(t on t!e basis o" t!e 0%alit, o" t!e vol%&e in !ic! t!e te(t is 'rinted. .E/ T!e ar#%&ent does not allo "or t!e 'ossibilit, t!at 'eo'le &i#!t kno S!akes'eares 'la,s it!o%t !avin# read t!e&. <. 7r#ani)ation 'resident: T!e stationer, and envelo'es %sed in all o" t!e &ailin#s "ro& o%r national !ead0%arters are &ade "ro& rec,cled 'a'er9 and e never '%t an,t!in# b%t letters in t!e envelo'es. 6!en t!e envelo'es !ave indo s9 t!ese indo s are also &ade "ro& rec,cled &aterial. T!ere"ore t!e envelo'es9 and t!%s http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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t!ese &ailin#s9 are co&'letel, rec,clable. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e or#ani)ation 'residents ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ All t!e 'a'er %sed b, t!e or#ani)ation "or '%r'oses ot!er t!an &ailin#s is rec,cled. .1/ T!e &ailin#s "ro& t!e or#ani)ations national !ead0%arters al a,s %se envelo'es t!at !ave indo s. .C/ T!e envelo'e indo s &ade "ro& rec,cled &aterial are rec,clable. .3/ T!e envelo'es and stationer, %sed in t!e or#ani)ations &ailin#s are al a,s rec,cled. .E/ T!e or#ani)ation sends &ailin#s onl, "ro& its national !ead0%arters. Questions 4-5 T!e "re0%entl, e('ressed vie t!at ritten constit%tions are in!erentl, &ore liberal t!an %n ritten ones is "alse. 2o ritten constit%tion is &ore t!an a 'a'er it! ords on it %ntil t!ose ords are bot! inter'reted and a''lied. Fro'erl, %nderstood9 t!en9 a constit%tion is t!e s%& o" t!ose 'roced%res t!ro%#! !ic! t!e 'o er o" t!e state is le#iti&atel, e(ercised and li&ited. T!ere"ore9 even a ritten constit%tion beco&es a liberal constit%tion onl, !en it is inter'reted and a''lied in a liberal a,. C. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent above is t!at .A/ ritten constit%tions are no &ore in!erentl, liberal t!an are %n ritten constit%tions .1/ t!e idea o" a ritten constit%tion9 'ro'erl, %nderstood9 is in!erentl, sel"8 contradictor, .C/ %n ritten constit%tions are less s%b+ect to &isinter'retation t!an are constit%tions t!at !ave been ritten do n .3/ liberal constit%tions are e(tre&el, di""ic%lt to 'reserve .E/ t!ere are criteria "or eval%atin# t!e inter'retation and a''lication o" a constit%tion @. I" t!e state&ents in t!e ar#%&ent are all tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ A care"%l anal,sis o" t!e ritten te(t o" a constit%tion can s!o t!at t!e constit%tion is not a liberal one. .1/ It is i&'ossible to deter&ine t!at a ritten constit%tion is liberal &erel, t!ro%#! care"%l anal,sis o" t!e ritten te(t. .C/ T!ere are no advanta#es to !avin# a ritten rat!er t!an an %n ritten constit%tion. .3/ Constit%tions t!at are not ritten are &ore likel, to be liberal t!an are constit%tions t!at are ritten.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@@<

.E/ A constit%tion is a liberal constit%tion i" it is 'ossible to inter'ret it in a liberal a,. G. As "ar as e kno 9 Eart! is t!e onl, 'lanet on !ic! li"e !as evolved9 and all kno n li"e "or&s are carbon8based. T!ere"ore9 alt!o%#! t!ere &i#!t e(ist noncarbon8based li"e on 'lanets ver, %nlike Eart!9 o%r scienti"ic esti&ates o" t!e 'robabilit, o" e(traterrestrial li"e s!o%ld be #enerated "ro& esti&ates o" t!e n%&ber o" 'lanets like Eart! and t!e likeli!ood o" carbon8based li"e on t!ose 'lanets. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #eneral 'rinci'les &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e reco&&endation.A/ T!ere is no #ood reason to t!ink t!at %nobserved '!eno&ena closel, rese&ble t!ose t!at !ave been observed. .1/ A scienti"ic t!eor, t!at e('lains a broad ran#e o" '!eno&ena is 're"erable to a co&'etin# t!eor, t!at e('lains onl, so&e o" t!ose '!eno&ena. .C/ It is 're"erable "or scientists to restrict t!eir st%dies to '!eno&ena t!at are observable and "ore#o &akin# esti&ates abo%t %nobservable t!in#s. .3/ A scienti"ic t!eor, t!at e('lains observed '!eno&ena on t!e basis o" a "e 'rinci'les t!at are inde'endent o" eac! ot!er is 're"erable to a t!eor, t!at e('lains t!ose sa&e '!eno&ena on t!e basis o" &an, inde'endent 'rinci'les. .E/ Esti&ations o" 'robabilit, t!at are &ore closel, tied to !at is kno n are 're"erable to t!ose t!at are less closel, tied to !at is kno n. A. Folitician: =nless o%r nation redistrib%tes ealt!9 e ill be %nable to alleviate econo&ic in+%stice and o%r c%rrent s,ste& ill lead inevitabl, to intolerable econo&ic ine0%ities. I" t!e ine0%ities beco&e intolerable9 t!ose !o s%""er "ro& t!e in+%stice ill resort to violence to coerce social re"or&. It is o%r nations res'onsibilit, to do !atever is necessar, to alleviate conditions t!at o%ld ot!er ise #ive rise to violent atte&'ts at social re"or&. T!e state&ents above lo#icall, co&&it t!e 'olitician to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ T!e need "or 'olitical re"or& never +%sti"ies a resort to violent re&edies. .1/ It is o%r nations res'onsibilit, to redistrib%te ealt!. .C/ Foliticians &%st base decisions on 'olitical e('edienc, rat!er t!an on abstract &oral 'rinci'les. .3/ Econo&ic in+%stice need not be re&edied %nless it leads to intolerable social conditions. .E/ All t!at is re0%ired to create conditions o" econo&ic +%stice is t!e redistrib%tion o" ealt!. B. 3elta #reen #ro%nd beetles so&eti&es re&ain &otionless "or !o%rs at a stretc!9 alt!o%#! t!e, are &ore active in et ,ears t!an in dr, ,ears. In 1HBH an observer http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@@C

s'otted ten delta #reen #ro%nd beetles in nine !o%rsD in 1HB@ t!e sa&e observer at t!e sa&e location !ad co%nted <B in abo%t t o !o%rs. T!is di""erence 'robabl, does not re"lect a dro' in t!e 'o'%lation o" t!ese rare beetles over t!is 'eriod9 !o ever9 beca%se 1HB@ as a et ,ear and 1HBH as relativel, dr,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ 1eca%se o" t!eir e(cellent ca&o%"la#e9 delta #reen #ro%nd beetles are al&ost i&'ossible to see i" t!e, are not &ovin#. .1/ T!e onl, !abitat o" delta #reen #ro%nd beetles is aro%nd 'ools "or&ed b, t!e collection o" inter rains in lo 8l,in# areas. .C/ 3ella #reen #ro%nd beetles &ove abo%t ver, little to #et "oodD &ost o" t!eir &ovin# "ro& one 'lace to anot!er is related to t!eir re'rod%ctive be!avior. .3/ 3ella #reen #ro%nd beetles are so rare t!at9 alt!o%#! t!e "irst s'eci&en as "o%nd in 1BAB9 a second as not "o%nd %ntil 1HAC. .E/ 2o 'redator relies on t!e delta #reen #ro%nd beetle "or a &a+or 'ortion o" its "ood s%''l,. H. C!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e9 a condition t!at a""licts t!o%sands o" 'eo'le9 is invariabl, associated it! lo er8t!an8nor&al concentrations o" &a#nesi%& in t!e blood. $%rt!er9 &alabsor'tion o" &a#nesi%& "ro& t!e di#estive tract to t!e blood is also o"ten associated it! so&e t,'es o" "ati#%e. T!ese "acts in t!e&selves de&onstrate t!at treat&ents t!at raise t!e concentration o" &a#nesi%& in t!e blood o%ld 'rovide an e""ective c%re "or t!e "ati#%e involved in t!e s,ndro&e. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It "ails to establis! t!at lo er8t!an8nor&al concentrations o" &a#nesi%& in t!e blood are invariabl, d%e to &alabsor'tion o" &a#nesi%&. .1/ It o""ers no evidence t!at "ati#%e itsel" does not ind%ce lo ered concentrations o" &a#nesi%& in t!e blood. .C/ It i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at even in 'eo'le !o are not a""licted it! c!ronic "ati#%e s,ndro&e9 concentration o" &a#nesi%& in t!e blood "l%ct%ates. .3/ It ne#lects to state t!e e(act concentration o" &a#nesi%& in t!e blood !ic! is considered t!e nor&al concentration. .E/ It does not s'eci", !at &et!ods o%ld be &ost e""ective in raisin# t!e concentration o" &a#nesi%& in t!e blood. Questions 10-11 Cons%&er advocate: T!e to,8labelin# la s!o%ld re0%ire &an%"act%rers to 'rovide e('licit sa"et, labels on to,s to indicate !at !a)ards t!e to,s 'ose. T!e onl, labels c%rrentl, re0%ired b, la are labels indicatin# t!e a#e ran#e "or !ic! a to, is intended. $or instance9 a >t!ree and %'? label is re0%ired on to,s t!at 'ose a c!okin# !a)ard "or c!ildren %nder t!ree ,ears o" a#e. Alt!o%#! t!e c%rrent to,8labelin# la !as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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indeed red%ced t!e incidence o" in+%ries to c!ildren "ro& to,s9 'arents co%ld 'revent s%c! in+%ries al&ost entirel, i" to, labels 'rovided e('licit sa"et, in"or&ation. 1I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e cons%&er advocates ar#%&ent.A/ Certain t,'es o" to,s !ave never been associated it! in+%r, to c!ildren. .1/ Most 'arents believe t!at t!e c%rrent labels are reco&&endations re#ardin# level o" co#nitive skill. .C/ T!e &a+orit, o" c!ildren in+%red b, to,s are %nder t!ree ,ears o" a#e. .3/ Man, 'arents do not 'a, attention to &an%"act%rers labels !en t!e, select to,s "or t!eir c!ildren. .E/ C!okin# is t!e &ost serio%s !a)ard 'resented to c!ildren b, to,s. 11. T!e state&ent t!at t!e la s!o%ld re0%ire e('licit sa"et, labels on to,s serves !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# "%nctions in t!e cons%&er advocates ar#%&ent.A/ It is a #eneral 'rinci'le s%''ortin# t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent. .1/ It is a 'ro'osed co&'ro&ise bet een t o con"lictin# #oals. .C/ It is t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent. .3/ It is evidence t!at &%st be re"%ted in order to establis! t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent. .E/ It is a 'artic%lar instance o" t!e #eneral 'osition %nder disc%ssion. 15. Fro'onents o" or#anic "ar&in# clai& t!at %sin# c!e&ical "ertili)ers and 'esticide in "ar&in# is !ar&"%l to local ildli"e. To 'rod%ce t!e sa&e a&o%nt o" "ood9 !o ever9 &ore land &%st be %nder c%ltivation !en or#anic "ar&in# tec!ni0%es are %sed t!an !en c!e&icals are %sed. T!ere"ore9 or#anic "ar&in# leaves less land available as !abitat "or local ildli"e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ C!e&ical "ertili)ers and 'esticides 'ose no !ealt! t!reat to ildli"e. .1/ 6ildli"e livin# near "ar&s !ere c!e&icals are %sed ill not in#est an, "ood or ater containin# t!ose c!e&icals. .C/ T!e onl, disadvanta#e to %sin# c!e&icals in "ar&in# is t!eir 'otential e""ect on ildli"e. .3/ T!e sa&e cro's are #ro n on or#anic "ar&s as on "ar&s !ere c!e&icals are %sed. .E/ Land c%ltivated b, or#anic "ar&in# &et!ods no lon#er constit%tes a !abitat "or ildli"e. 1<. Re'tiles are air8breat!in# vertebrates it! co&'letel, ossi"ied skeletonsD so alli#ators &%st be air8breat!in# vertebrates it! co&'letel, ossi"ied skeletons. In ter&s o" its lo#ical "eat%res9 t!e ar#%&ent above &ost rese&bles !ic! one o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@@G

t!e "ollo in#.A/ Green 'lants take in carbon dio(ide and release o(,#en back into t!e airD so it "ollo s t!at #rass takes in carbon dio(ide and releases o(,#en into t!e air. .1/ So&e red b%tter"lies are 'oisono%s to birds t!at 're, on t!e&D so t!is 'artic%lar red b%tter"l, is 'oisono%s to birds t!at 're, on it. .C/ Mno led#e abo%t t!e e&'irical orld can be #ained "ro& booksD so 4ir#inia 6ool"s book % -oo, of 7ne*s 7wn &%st 'rovide kno led#e abo%t t!e e&'irical orld. .3/ 3ierdre !as seen ever, "il& directed b, Rainer 6erner $assbinderD so 3ierdre &%st !ave seen %li (ear 6ats the /oul9 a "il& directed b, $assbinder. .E/ Skiers r%n a !i#! risk o" bone "ract%reD so it is likel, t!at Lindse,9 !o !as been an avid skier "or &an, ,ears9 !as s%""ered a broken bone at so&e 'oint. 1C. Alt!o%#! in"lated #overn&ent s'endin# "or ea'ons researc! enco%ra#es aste at ea'ons researc! laboratories9 ea'ons 'rod%ction 'lants &%st be vie ed as e0%all, aste"%l o" ta('a,er dollars. A"ter all9 b, t!e #overn&ents o n ad&ission9 t!e ea'ons 'lant it 'lans to reo'en ill violate at least GH environ&ental9 !ealt!9 and sa"et, la s. T!e #overn&ent !as decided to reo'en t!e 'lant and e(e&'t it "ro& co&'liance9 even t!o%#! t!e ea'ons to be 'rod%ced t!ere co%ld be 'rod%ced at t!e sa&e cost at a sa"er "acilit,. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ It o""ers no evidence t!at t!e >sa"er? alternative 'rod%ction site act%all, co&'lies it! an, o" t!e la s &entioned. .1/ It concedes a 'oint re#ardin# ea'ons researc! laboratories t!at %nder&ines its concl%sion abo%t ea'ons 'rod%ction 'lants. .C/ It relies on evidence t!at does not directl, address t!e iss%e o" aste"%l s'endin#. .3/ It con"%ses necessar, e('endit%res "or researc! it! aste"%l s'endin# on ea'ons. .E/ It "ails to establis! t!at researc! laboratories and ea'ons 'rod%ction 'lants are si&ilar eno%#! to be &eanin#"%ll, co&'ared. Questions 15-1& 3r. God"re,: 2o t!at !i#! sc!ool st%dents are allo ed to ork &ore t!an 1@ !o%rs 'er eek at 'art8ti&e +obs9 t!ose !o act%all, do so s!o less interest in sc!ool and #et lo er #rades t!an t!ose !o do not ork as &an, !o%rs at 'art8ti&e +obs. 7bvio%sl,9 orkin# lon# !o%rs at 'art8ti&e +obs d%rin# t!e sc!ool ,ear contrib%tes to t!e acade&ic 'roble&s t!at &an, o" o%r !i#! sc!ool st%dents e('erience.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@@A

3r. 2as!: T!ats not so. Man, o" o%r !i#! sc!ool st%dents set o%t to earn as &%c! &one, as t!e, can si&'l, to co&'ensate "or t!eir lack o" acade&ic s%ccess. 1@. 3r. 2as! res'onds to 3r. God"re,s ar#%&ent b, doin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ atte&'tin# to do n'la, t!e serio%sness o" t!e 'roble&s "acin# acade&icall, tro%bled !i#! sc!ool st%dents .1/ o""erin# an alternative inter'retation o" t!e evidence cited b, 3r. God"re, .C/ 0%estionin# t!e acc%rac, o" t!e evidence on !ic! 3r. God"re, bases !is concl%sion .3/ 'ro'osin# t!at t!e sc!ools are not at "a%lt "or t!e acade&ic 'roble&s "acin# &an, !i#! sc!ool st%dents .E/ raisin# t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!ere is no relations!i' bet een acade&ic 'roble&s a&on# !i#! sc!ool st%dents and 'art8ti&e e&'lo,&ent 1G. T!e ans er to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld be t!e &ost !el'"%l in deter&inin# !et!er t!e concl%sion t!at 3r. God"re, dra s co%ld be lo#icall, de"ended a#ainst 3r. 2as!s co%nterar#%&ent.A/ !et!er 'eo'le !o !ave !ad acade&ic 'roble&s in !i#! sc!ool are %lti&atel, less s%ccess"%l in t!eir careers t!an 'eo'le !o !ave not !ad s%c! 'roble&s .1/ !et!er st%dents are allo ed to s'end &ore t!an 1@ !o%rs 'er eek at sc!ool8s'onsored nonacade&ic e(trac%rric%lar activities s%c! as tea& s'orts or cl%bs .C/ !et!er t!e st%dents !o ork &ore t!an 1@ !o%rs 'er eek and !ave acade&ic 'roble&s !ad s%c! 'roble&s be"ore t!e, be#an to ork t!at &an, !o%rs .3/ !et!er e&'lo,ers and !i#! sc!ool st%dents t,'icall, obe, all t!e la s t!at re#%late t!e conditions %nder !ic! ,o%n# 'eo'le &a, le#all, be e&'lo,ed .E/ !et!er !i#! sc!ool st%dents !o !ave a"ter8sc!ool +obs contin%e to ork at t!ose +obs a"ter #rad%atin# "ro& !i#! sc!ool 1A. E: Medical researc! on ani&als s!o%ld not be red%ced in res'onse to a concern "or ani&als9 beca%se res%lts o" s%c! researc! serve to avert !%&an s%""erin#. In s%c! researc! a trade8o"" bet een !%&an and ani&al el"are is al a,s inevitable9 b%t e s!o%ld #ive #reater ei#!t to !%&an el"are. *: 6it! tec!nolo#, t!at is c%rrentl, available9 &%c! o" t!e researc! 'resentl, 'er"or&ed on ani&als co%ld instead be done it! co&'%ter &odelin# or !%&an s%b+ects it!o%t ca%sin# an, s%""erin#. T!e relations!i' o" *s res'onse to Es ar#%&ent is t!at *s res'onse .A/ contradicts a 're&ise on !ic! Es ar#%&ent relies .1/ disa#rees it! E abo%t t!e ei#!t to be #iven to ani&al s%""erin# as o''osed http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@@B

to !%&an s%""erin# .C/ 'resents a lo#ical conse0%ence o" t!e 're&ises o" Es ar#%&ent .3/ stren#t!ens Es ar#%&ent b, 'resentin# evidence not &entioned b, Es ar#%&ent .E/ s%''lies a 're&ise to Es ar#%&ent t!at as not e('licitl, stated 1B. In e('eri&ents in !ic! certain kinds o" bacteria ere 'laced in a #enero%s s%''l, o" n%trients9 t!e 'o'%lations o" bacteria #re ra'idl,9 and #enetic &%tations occ%rred at rando& in t!e 'o'%lations. T!ese e('eri&ents s!o t!at all #enetic &%tation is rando&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 enables t!e concl%sion to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ Eit!er all #enetic &%tations are rando& or none are rando&. .1/ T!e bacteria tested in t!e e('eri&ents ere o" e(tre&el, co&&on "or&s. .C/ I" all #enetic &%tations in bacteria are rando&9 t!en all #enetic &%tations in ever, ot!er li"e "or& are rando& also. .3/ T!e kind o" environ&ent in !ic! #enetic &%tation takes 'lace !as no e""ect on t!e a, #enetic &%tation occ%rs. .E/ T!e n%trients %sed ere t!e sa&e as t!ose t!at no%ris! t!e bacteria in nat%re. 1H. T!o&as: T!e cl%b 'resident !ad no ri#!t to disallo Je""re,s vote. Cl%b r%les sa, t!at onl, &e&bers in #ood standin# &a, vote. *o%ve ad&itted t!at cl%b r%les also sa, t!at all &e&bers !ose d%es are "%ll, 'aid are &e&bers in #ood standin#. And since9 as t!e records indicate9 Je""re, !as al a,s 'aid !is d%es on ti&e9 clearl, t!e 'resident acted in violation o" cl%b r%les. Alt!ea: 1, t!at reasonin# &, t o8,ear8old niece can le#all, vote in ne(t &ont!s national election since s!e is a citi)en o" t!is co%ntr,9 and onl, citi)ens can le#all, vote in national elections. T!e reasonin# in T!o&as ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se !is ar#%&ent .A/ "ails to take into acco%nt t!e distinction bet een so&et!in# not bein# 'ro!ibited and its bein# a%t!ori)ed .1/ o""ers evidence t!at casts do%bt on t!e c!aracter o" t!e cl%b 'resident and t!ereb, i#nores t!e 0%estion o" votin# eli#ibilit, .C/ ron#l, ass%&es t!at i" a state&ent is not act%all, denied b, so&eone9 t!at state&ent &%st be re#arded as tr%e .3/ does not s'eci", t!e iss%e it! res'ect to !ic! t!e dis'%ted vote as cast .E/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at Alt!ea is not an a%t!orit, on t!e cl%bs r%les 5I. Calories cons%&ed in e(cess o" t!ose it! !ic! t!e bod, needs to be 'rovided to &aintain its ei#!t are nor&all, stored as "at and t!e bod, #ains ei#!t. Alco!olic bevera#es are laden it! calories. :o ever9 t!ose 'eo'le !o re#%larl, drink t o or t!ree alco!olic bevera#es a da, and t!ereb, e(ceed t!e caloric intake necessar, to &aintain t!eir ei#!t do not in #eneral #ain ei#!t. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc,.A/ So&e 'eo'le !o re#%larl, drink t o or t!ree alco!olic bevera#es a da, avoid e(ceedin# t!e caloric intake necessar, to &aintain t!eir ei#!t b, decreasin# caloric intake "ro& ot!er so%rces. .1/ E(cess calories cons%&ed b, 'eo'le !o re#%larl, drink t o or t!ree alco!olic bevera#es a da, tend to be dissi'ated as !eat. .C/ So&e 'eo'le !o do not drink alco!olic bevera#es b%t !o eat !i#!8calorie "oods do not #ain ei#!t. .3/ Man, 'eo'le !o re#%larl, drink &ore t!an t!ree alco!olic bevera#es a da, do not #ain ei#!t. .E/ So&e 'eo'le !o take in "e er calories t!an are nor&all, necessar, to &aintain t!eir ei#!t do not lose ei#!t. 51. 6!en a 'erson it! te&'oral lobe e'ile's, is !avin# an e'ile'tic sei)%re9 'art o" t!e brains te&'oral lobe 'rod%ces abnor&al electrical i&'%lses9 !ic! can o"ten9 b%t not al a,s9 be detected t!ro%#! a test called an electroence'!alo#ra& .EEG/. T!ere"ore9 alt!o%#! a 'ositive EEG readin#Kt!at is9 evidence o" abnor&al electrical i&'%lsesKd%rin# an a''arent sei)%re is a reasonabl, reliable indicator o" te&'oral lobe e'ile's,9 ;;;;;; 7" t!e "ollo in#9 !ic! one lo#icall, co&'letes t!e concl%sion above.A/ a 'ositive readin# is +%st as reliable an indicator o" t!e absence o" te&'oral lobe e'ile's, .1/ a 'ositive readin# can also indicate t!e 'resence o" ot!er "or&s o" e'ile's, .C/ a 'ositive readin# is &ore "re0%entl, an erroneo%s readin# t!an is a ne#ative one .3/ a ne#ative readin# does not &ean t!at te&'oral lobe e'ile's, can be r%led o%t .E/ a ne#ative readin# is +%st as reliable an indicator o" t!e 'resence o" te&'oral lobe e'ile's, 55. In S!eldon &ost bic,clists a#ed 1B and over !ave li#!ts on t!eir bic,cles9 !ereas &ost bic,clists %nder t!e a#e o" 1B do not. It "ollo s t!at in S!eldon &ost bic,clists !o !ave li#!ts on t!eir bic,cles are at least 1B ,ean old. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits a 'attern o" "la ed reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Most o" t!e 'eo'le in S!eldon b%, #asoline on Monda,s onl,. 1%t al&ost ever,one in S!eldon b%,s #roceries on T%esda,s onl,. It "ollo s t!at "e er t!an !al" o" t!e 'eo'le in S!eldon b%, #asoline on t!e sa&e da, on !ic! t!e, b%, #roceries. .1/ T!e S!eldon Librar, lent &ore books d%rin# t!e eek a"ter it be#an lendin# videos t!an it !ad in t!e entire 'recedin# &ont!. It "ollo s t!at t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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availabilit, o" videos as res'onsible "or t!e increase in t!e n%&ber o" books lent. .C/ Most o" t!e residents o" S!eldon !o voted in t!e last election are on t!e Conservative 'art,s &ailin# list9 !ereas &ost o" S!eldons residents !o did not vote are not on t!e list. It "ollo s t!at &ost o" t!e residents o" S!eldon on t!e Conservative 'art,s &ailin# list voted in t!e last election. .3/ In t!e co%ntr, !ere S!eldon is located9 ever, to n t!at !as t o or &ore "ire tr%cks !as a to n 'ool9 !ereas &ost to ns t!at !ave "e er t!an t o "ire tr%cks do not !ave a to n 'ool. It "ollo s t!at S!eldon9 !ic! !as a to n 'ool9 &%st !ave at least t o "ire tr%cks. .E/ In S!eldon ever,one over t!e a#e o" GI !o knits also se s9 b%t not ever,one over t!e a#e o" GI !o se s also knits. It "ollo s t!at a&on# 'eo'le over t!e a#e o" GI in S!eldon t!ere are &ore !o se t!an t!ere are !o knit. 5<. Asbestos9 an al&ost indestr%ctible &ineral once installed as b%ildin# ins%lation9 'oses no !ealt! risk %nless t!e asbestos is dist%rbed and asbestos "ibers are released into t!e environ&ent. Since re&ovin# asbestos "ro& b%ildin#s dist%rbs it9 t!ereb, releasin# asbestos "ibers9 t!e #overn&ent s!o%ld not re0%ire re&oval o" all asbestos ins%lation. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Asbestos 'oses "ar less risk to !ealt! t!an does s&okin#9 dr%# and alco!ol ab%se9 i&'ro'er diet or lack o" e(ercise. .1/ Asbestos can 'ost a !ealt! t!reat to orkers !o re&ove it it!o%t earin# re0%ired 'rotective #ear. .C/ So&e kinds o" asbestos9 !en dist%rbed9 'ose #reater !ealt! risks t!an do ot!er kinds. .3/ Asbestos is inevitabl, dist%rbed b, b%ildin# renovations or b%ildin# de&olition. .E/ M%c! o" t!e ti&e9 re&oved asbestos is b%ried in land"ills and "or#otten it! no #%arantee t!at it ill not be dist%rbed a#ain. Question !4-!5 6!en volcanic lava solidi"ies9 it beco&es %ni"or&l, &a#neti)ed in t!e direction in !ic! t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield 'oints. T!ere are si#ni"icant di""erences in t!e direction o" &a#neti)ation a&on# solidi"ied lava "lo s "ro& di""erent volcanoes t!at er%'ted at di""erent ti&es over t!e 'ast several &illion ,ears. T!ere"ore9 it &%st be t!at t!e direction o" t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield !as c!an#ed over ti&e. Since lava "lo s di""erin# b, t!o%sands o" ,ears in a#e o"ten !ave ver, si&ilar directions o" &a#neti)ation9 t!e c!an#e in t!e direction o" t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield &%st take 'lace ver, #rad%all, over !%ndreds o" t!o%sands o" ,ears. 5C. T!e ar#%&ent t!at t!e direction o" t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield !as c!an#ed over http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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ti&e re0%ires t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ onl, lava can be %sed to &eas%re t!e direction o" t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield as it e(isted in t!e distant 'ast .1/ a sin#le volcano can 'rod%ce lava o" di""erin# consistencies d%rin# di""erent er%'tions .C/ not all solidi"ied lava !as c!an#ed t!e direction o" its &a#neti)ation %n'redictabl, .3/ t!ere are "e er volcanic er%'tions no t!an t!ere ere &illions o" ,ears a#o .E/ as lava "lo s do n t!e side o" a volcano9 it 'icks %' &a#neti)ed rocks 5@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e concl%sion t!at t!e c!an#e in t!e direction o" t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield !a''ened ver, slo l,.A/ T!e c!an#es in t!e direction o" t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield are deter&ined b, t!e c!aotic &ove&ent o" iron8containin# li0%ids in t!e Eart!s o%ter core. .1/ T!ere !as not been a c!an#e in t!e direction o" t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield since scientists !ave be#%n &eas%rin# t!e direction o" &a#neti)ation o" lava "lo s. .C/ T!e direction o" t!e Eart!s &a#netic "ield !as %nder#one a co&'lete reversal several ti&es over t!e 'ast "e &illion ,ears. .3/ A lava "lo !as been "o%nd in !ic! t!e direction o" &a#neti)ation in t!e center o" t!e "lo di""ers si#ni"icantl, "ro& t!at on t!e s%r"ace9 even t!o%#! t!e "lo took onl, t o eeks to solidit, co&'letel,. .E/ Since t!e rate at !ic! &olten lava solidi"ies de'ends on t!e te&'erat%re and altit%de o" t!e environ&ent9 so&e lava "lo s "ro& volcanoes in certain areas ill take ,ears to solidit, co&'letel,. 5G. 6!en t!e &an%"act%rers in a #iven co%ntr, are slo er to ado't ne tec!nolo#ies t!an t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors are9 t!eir 'rod%ction costs ill "all &ore slo l, t!an t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors costs ill. 1%t i" &an%"act%rers 'rod%ction costs "all less ra'idl, t!an t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors costs do9 t!ose &an%"act%rers ill be %nable to lo er t!eir 'rices as ra'idl, as t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors canD and !en a co%ntr,s &an%"act%rers cannot lo er t!eir8'rices as ra'idl, as t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors can9 t!at co%ntr, #ets s0%ee)ed o%t o" t!e #lobal &arket. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ I" t!e &an%"act%rers in one co%ntr, raise t!eir 'rices9 it is beca%se t!e, !ave s0%ee)ed t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors o%t o" t!e #lobal &arket. .1/ I" &an%"act%rers in one co%ntr, !ave been s0%ee)ed o%t o" t!e #lobal &arket9 t!is s!o s t!at t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors !ave ado'ted ne tec!nolo#ies &ore ra'idl, t!an t!e, !ave. .C/ I" a co%ntr,s "orei#n co&'etitors can lo er t!eir 'rod%ction costs &ore http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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ra'idl, t!an t!e co%ntr,s o n &an%"act%rers can9 t!en t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors &%st !ave ado'ted ne &an%"act%rin# tec!ni0%es. .3/ I" a co%ntr,s &an%"act%rers ado't ne tec!nolo#ies at t!e sa&e rate as t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors9 neit!er #ro%' ill be able to s0%ee)e t!e ot!er o%t o" t!e #lobal &arket. .E/ I" a co%ntr,s &an%"act%rers can lo er t!eir 'rices as ra'idl, as t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors can9 t!is s!o s t!at t!e, ado't ne tec!nolo#, at least as "ast as t!eir "orei#n co&'etitors do.

TEST 17
SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

It is di""ic%lt to kee' dee' o%nds "ree o" bacteria. Even stron# antibiotics "ail to kill t!e bacteria t!at live in s%c! o%nds. :o ever9 &an, '!,sicians !ave s%cceeded in eli&inatin# bacteria "ro& dee' o%nds b, 'ackin# t!e o%nd it! a s eet s%bstance like s%#ar. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain !, treatin# dee' o%nds it! s%#ar as described above is s%ccess"%l.A/ 1acteria t!at live in dee' o%nds t!rive in a &oist environ&ent9 and s%#ar !as a de!,dratin# e""ect. .1/ S%#ar t!at is nearl, '%re is readil, available "or %se in &edical treat&ents. .C/ Man, kinds o" bacteria can %se s%#ar as a n%trient and ill re'rod%ce ra'idl, !en s%#ar is available to t!e&. .3/ So&e "oods t!at contain s%#ar can eaken t!e e""ects o" certain antibiotics. .E/ Stron# antibiotics ere develo'ed onl, recentl,9 b%t t!e %se o" s%#ar as a treat&ent "or o%nds dates back to ancient ti&es.

5.

Feo'le !o are redR#reen color8blind cannot distin#%is! bet een #reen and bro n9 Gerald cannot distin#%is! bet een #reen and bro n. T!ere"ore Gerald is redR#reen color8blind. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent 'resented in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Feo'le !o are "air8skinned s%""er "ro& s%nb%rn. 6illia& is "air8skinned. T!ere"ore 6illia& s%""ers "ro& s%nb%rn. .1/ Feo'le !o are s%""erin# "ro& sin%sitis lose t!eir sense o" s&ell. Mar, !as lost !er sense o" s&ell. T!ere"ore Mar, is s%""erin# "ro& sin%sitis. .C/ Feo'le !o !ave s%""ered "ro& +a%ndice cannot beco&e blood donors9 Jean is a blood donor. T!ere"ore Jean !as not s%""ered "ro& +a%ndice. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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.3/ Feo'le !o are color8blind cannot beco&e airline 'ilots. Art!%r is color8 blind. T!ere"ore Art!%r cannot beco&e an airline 'ilot. .E/ Feo'le !o are diabetic cannot eat lar#e a&o%nts o" s%#ar. $reda is diabetic. T!ere"ore $reda is on a s'ecial diet. <. Earl, in t!is cent%r,9 Al"red 6e#ener develo'ed t!e conce't o" continental dri"t. :is ideas ere re+ected ve!e&entl, beca%se !e 'ost%lated no identi"iable "orce stron# eno%#! to &ake t!e continents &ove. 6e !ave co&e to acce't 6e#eners t!eor,9 not beca%se e !ave 'in'ointed s%c! a "orce9 b%t beca%se ne instr%&ents !ave "inall, allo ed continental &ove&ent to be con"ir&ed b, observation. T!e 'assa#e best ill%strates !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents abo%t science.A/ T!e ai& o" science is to de"ine t!e &ani"old o" nat%re it!in t!e ter&s o" a sin#le !ar&onio%s t!eor,. .1/ In a acce'tin# a &at!e&atical descri'tion o" nat%re9 science !as beco&e "ar &ore acc%rate at identi",in# %nderl,in# "orces. .C/ T!e 'arado( o" science is t!at ever, i&'rove&ent in its &eas%rin# instr%&ents see&s to &ake ade0%ate t!eories !arder to ork o%t. .3/ Science9 e&'lo,in# statistics and t!e la s o" 'robabilit,9 is concerned not it! t!e sin#le event b%t it! &ass be!avior. .E/ 6!en t!e events a t!eor, 'ost%lates are detected9 t!e t!eor, is acce'ted even it!o%t an e('lanation o" !o t!ose events are bro%#!t abo%t. C. T!e t!eor, o" &ilitar, deterrence as based on a si&'le 's,c!olo#ical tr%t!9 t!at "ear o" retaliation &akes a o%ld8be a##ressor nation !esitate be"ore attackin# and is o"ten s%""icient to deter it alto#et!er "ro& attackin#. Clearl,9 t!en to &aintain &ilitar, deterrence9 a nation o%ld !ave to believed to !ave retaliator, 'o er so #reat t!at a 'otential a##ressor nation o%ld !ave reason to t!ink t!at it co%ld not de"end itsel" a#ainst s%c! retaliation. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred.A/ A o%ld8be a##ressor nation can be deterred "ro& attackin# onl, i" it !as certain kno led#e t!at it o%ld be destro,ed in retaliation b, t!e co%ntr, it attacks. .1/ A nation ill not attack anot!er nation i" it believes t!at its o n retaliator, 'o er s%r'asses t!at o" t!e ot!er nation. .C/ 7ne nations "ailin# to attack anot!er establis!es t!at t!e nation t!at "ails to attack believes t!at it co%ld not it!stand a retaliator, attack "ro& t!e ot!er nation. .3/ It is in t!e interests o" a nation t!at seeks deterrence and !as %ns%r'assed &ilitar, 'o er to let 'otential a##ressors a#ainst it beco&e a are o" its 'o er o" retaliator, attack. .E/ Maintainin# &a(i&%& deterrence "ro& a##ression b, ot!er nations re0%ires http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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t!at a nation &aintain a retaliator, "orce #reater t!an t!at o" an, ot!er nation. @. To t!e editor: In 1HGI9 an astrono&er 'ro'osed a &at!e&atical &odel "or deter&inin# !et!er e(traterrestrial li"e e(ists. It as based on t!e ass%&'tions t!at li"e as e kno it co%ld e(ist onl, on a 'lanet and t!at &an, stars are9 like o%r S%n9 orbited b, 'lanets9 7n t!e basis t!at t!ere are nine 'lanets in o%r solar s,ste& and one o" t!e& !as li"e as e kno it9 t!e astrono&er 'redicted t!at t!ere are as &an, as one &illion e(traterrestrial civili)ations across all solar s,ste&s. *et astrono&ers to date !ave not detected even one 'lanet o%tside o%r solar s,ste&. T!is indicates t!at t!e astrono&ers &odel is ron#9 and li"e as e kno it e(ists onl, on t!e 'lant Eart!. Cla, Molt) 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" acce'ted b, Cla, Molt)9 o%ld re0%ire !i& to reconsider !is concl%sion.A/ $or&s o" li"e ot!er t!an li"e as e kno it e(ist on ot!er 'lanets. .1/ T!ere are &an, stars t!at are not orbited b, 'lanets. .C/ 3etectin# 'lanets o%tside o%r solar s,ste& re0%ires &ore so'!isticated instr%&ents t!an are c%rrentl, available. .3/ T!e so%ndness o" t!e concl%sion reac!ed b, a''l,in# a &at!e&atical &odel de'ends on t!e so%ndness o" t!e ass%&'tions on !ic! t!e &odel is based. .E/ 3%e to s!eer distances and e('anses o" s'ace involved9 an, e(traterrestrial civili)ation o%ld !ave #reat di""ic%lt, co&&%nicatin# it! o%rs. G. I" Ma( ere #%ilt,9 !e o%ld not ask t!e 'olice to investi#ate. T!ere"ore9 !is askin# t!e 'olice to investi#ate s!o s t!at !e is not #%ilt,. T!e lo#ical str%ct%re o" t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ I" L%cille ere in t!e ne(t roo&9 I o%ld not be able to see !er. T!ere"ore9 t!e "act t!at I can see !er s!o s t!at s!e is not in t!e ne(t roo&. .1/ I" Sa& ere ric!9 !e o%ld not s'end !is vacation in Alaska. T!ere"ore9 !is s'endin# !is vacation in t!e 1a!a&as s!o s t!at !e is ric!. .C/ I" Joe ere over CI !e o%ld not ant to learn to ski. T!ere"ore9 t!e "act t!at !e does not ant to learn to ski s!o s t!at !e is over CI. .3/ I" Mark ere a #ood cook9 !e o%ld not '%t cinna&on in t!e c!ili. T!ere"ore9 t!e "act t!at !e is not a #ood cook s!o s t!at !e '%t cinna&on in t!e c!ili. .E/ I" Sall, ere sociable9 s!e o%ld not avoid !er "riends. T!ere"ore9 t!e "act t!at s!e is sociable s!o s t!at s!e does not avoid !er "riends. A. A 'o'%lation o" #a&e d%cks at a estern lake contains @@ &ales to ever, C@ http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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"e&ales9 !ile a 'o'%lation o" #a&e d%cks at an eastern lake contains G@ &ales "or ever, <@ "e&ales. A&on# t!ose d%cks t!at !ave not ,et bred t!ere are onl, sli#!tl, &ore &ales t!an "e&ales9 b%t a&on# older d%cks t!e n%&ber o" &ales #reatl, e(ceeds t!e n%&ber o" "e&ales. 1eca%se t!ere are a''reciabl, &ore &ales a&on# ad%lt d%cks t!an a&on# ,o%n# d%cks9 e can in"er t!at t!e #reater t!e dis'arit, in overall se( ratios9 t!e #reater t!e 'ercenta#e o" older &ale d%cks in t!e 'o'%lation. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e 'o'%lation o" #a&e d%ck at t!e estern lake contains a lo er 'ercenta#e o" ad%lt &ales t!an t!e 'o'%lation at t!e eastern lake contains. .1/ T!e 'o'%lation o" #a&e d%ck at t!e eastern lake contains a !i#!er 'ercenta#e o" nonad%lt #a&e d%cks t!an t!e 'o'%lation at t!e estern lake contains. .C/ T!e total n%&ber o" &ale #a&e d%cks is !i#!er in t!e eastern lakes 'o'%lation t!an in t!e estern lake 'o'%lation. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" nonad%lt d%cks !atc!ed in a breedin# season is !i#!er in t!e eastern lakes 'o'%lation t!an in t!e estern lakes 'o'%lation. .E/ Ad%lt "e&ale #a&e d%cks o%tn%&ber nonad%lt "e&ale #a&e d%cks in t!e eastern lakes 'o'%lation. B. T!e co&&on 'roced%re "or deter&inin# !et!er a "ood additive s!o%ld be banned "ro& %se is to co&'are its !ealt!8related bene"its it! its 'otential risks. *ello 3,e 2o. @9 an additive %sed to color le&on soda9 &i#!t ca%se aller#ic reactions in a "e cons%&ers. $or &ost cons%&ers o" le&on soda9 !o ever9 t!e colorin# en!ances t!eir en+o,&ent o" t!e bevera#e. T!is 'artic%lar additive s!o%ld not be banned9 t!ere"ore9 beca%se its bene"its #reatl, o%t ei#! its risks. A "la in t!e ar#%&ent is t!at t!e a%t!or .A/ i&'lies t!at t!e d,e entail no !ealt!8related risks .1/ treats en+o,&ent o" a bevera#e as a !ealt!8related bene"it .C/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at so&e "ood additives are !ar&"%l to &ost 'eo'le .3/ bases t!e ar#%&ent on an %n'roven clai& re#ardin# a dan#er in %sin# *ello 3,e 2o. @ .E/ 'res%&es t!at &ost cons%&ers !eed t!e arnin# labels on bevera#e containers H. $ines levied a#ainst t!ose res'onsible "or certain environ&entall, da&a#in# accidents are no so !i#! t!at it costs a co&'an, res'onsible "or s%c! an accident &ore to 'a, t!e "ine t!an it o%ld !ave cost to ado't &eas%res t!at o%ld !ave 'revented t!e accident. T!ere"ore9 since b%sinesses val%e t!eir 'ro"its9 t!ose t!at &i#!t !ave s%c! accidents ill no install ade0%ate environ&ental sa"e#%ards. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 1%sinesses #enerall, #reatl, %nderesti&ate t!e risk o" "%t%re accidents. .1/ 1%sinesses are as concerned it! lon#8ter& as t!e, are it! s!ort8ter& http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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strate#ies "or &a(i&i)in# 'ro"its. .C/ 1%sinesses #enerall, do t!e environ&entall, >ri#!t? t!in# onl, i" doin# so &akes #ood b%siness sense. .3/ 1%sinesses treat "ines t!at are levied a#ainst t!e& as an ordinar, b%siness e('ense. .E/ 1%sinesses are learnin# to e('loit t!e '%blics environ&ental a areness in 'ro&otin# t!e&selves. 1I. Even in a de&ocrac,9 it is necessar, to restrict t!e disse&ination o" advanced tec!nolo#ical kno led#e t!at is o" co&&ercial or national8sec%rit, val%e. 3isse&ination to certain co%ntries9 t!ose t!at are or ill be co&'etitors or ene&ies9 s!o%ld be selectivel, 'ro!ibited. T!ere &%st9 !o ever9 be "ree e(c!an#e o" scienti"ic in"or&ation. In order to act in accordance it! t!e 'osition above9 it o%ld be necessar, to be able to rel, on eac! o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ It is 'ossible to distin#%is! it! con"idence9 des'ite an, c!an#es in t!e international environ&ent9 "riendl, or nonco&'etitive "ro& !ostile or co&'etitive nations. .1/ In a de&ocrac,9 it is not necessar, t!at t!e '%blic !ave detailed kno led#e o" t!e co%ntr,s advanced tec!nolo#, in order9 "or e(a&'le9 to &ake in"or&ed decisions abo%t t!e direction '%blic 'olic, s!o%ld take. .C/ In &ost "ields o" science9 basic scienti"ic researc! is "%rt!er advanced in co%ntries t!at are de&ocracies t!an in co%ntries t!at are not de&ocracies. .3/ In eac! "ield o" science9 it is 'ossible to distin#%is! scienti"ic in"or&ation "ro& advanced tec!nolo#ical kno led#e t!at is o" co&&ercial or national8 sec%rit, val%e. .E/ In cases !ere a co&'an, t!at %se advanced tec!nolo#, is a &%ltinational or#ani)ation9 it is 'ossible to kee' in"or&ation abo%t t!e tec!nolo#, "ro& bein# 'assed across desi#nated national bo%ndaries. 11. 6ater va'or eva'orated "ro& t!e ocean contains a #reater 'ro'ortion o" o(,#en8 1G and a s&aller 'ro'ortion o" t!e !eavier o(,#en81B t!an does sea ater. 2or&all,9 t!is '!eno&enon !as no e""ect on t!e overall co&'osition o" t!e ocean9 beca%se eva'orated sea ater ret%rns to t!e ocean t!ro%#! 'reci'itation. 3%rin# an ice a#e9 !o ever9 a lar#e a&o%nt o" 'reci'itation "alls on ice ca's9 !ere it is tra''ed as ice. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions abo%t a t,'ical ice a#e is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e state&ents above.A/ T!e 'ro'ortions o" o(,#en81G and o(,#en81B are t!e sa&e in va'or "ro& sea ater as in t!e sea ater itsel". .1/ T!e concentration o" o(,#en81B in sea ater is increased. .C/ Rain and sno contain relativel, &ore o(,#en81G t!an t!e, do in inter#lacial http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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'eriods. .3/ 3%rin# t!e ice a#e9 &ore o" t!e Eart!s 'reci'itation "alls over land t!an "alls over t!e ocean. .E/ T!e co&'osition o" sea ater c!an#es &ore slo l, t!an it does in inter#lacial 'eriods. 15. So&e o" t!e &ost 'ros'ero%s nations in t!e orld !ave e('erienced a 'rono%nced dro' in national savin#s ratesKt!e 'ercenta#e o" a"ter8ta( inco&e an avera#e !o%se!old saves. T!is trend ill %ndo%btedl, contin%e i" t!e avera#e a#e o" t!ese nations 'o'%lations contin%es to rise9 since older 'eo'le !ave "e er reasons to save t!an do ,o%n#er 'eo'le. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# indicates an error in t!e reasonin# leadin# to t!e 'rediction above.A/ It "ail to s'eci", t!e &an, reasons ,o%n#er 'eo'le !ave "or savin# &one,9 and it "ails to identi", !ic! o" t!ose reasons is t!e stron#est. .1/ It ass%&es t!at a ne#ative savin#s rateKt!e res%lt o" t!e avera#e !o%se!olds s'endin# all o" its a"ter8ta( inco&e as ell as so&e o" its e(istin# savin#sK cannot ever co&e abo%t in an, nation. .C/ It "ails to cite statistics s!o in# t!at t!e avera#e a#e o" t!e 'o'%lation o" certain nations is risin#. .3/ It onl, takes into acco%nt t!e co&'arative n%&ber o" reasons older and ,o%n#er 'eo'le9 res'ectivel,9 !ave "or savin#9 and not t!e co&'arative stren#t! o" t!ose reasons. .E/ It %ses a"ter8ta( inco&e as t!e base "or co&'%tin# t!e national savin#s rate it!o%t establis!in# b, ar#%&ent t!at a"ter8ta( inco&e is a &ore a''ro'riate base t!an be"ore8ta( inco&e. 1<. T!e ter& >'it b%ll? does not desi#nate a breed o" do#9 as do t!e ter&s >Ger&an s!e'!erd? and >'oodle.? It is like t!e ter&s >Seein#8E,e do#? and >'olice do#9? !ic! desi#nate do#s accordin# to !at t!e, do. I" ,o% take t o Ger&an s!e'!erds and 'lace t!e& side b, side9 ,o% cannot tell b, a''earance alone !ic! is t!e 'olice do# and !ic! is t!e Seein#8E,e do#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ Ger&an s!e'!erds can be 'it b%lls. .1/ Fit b%lls can be distin#%is!ed "ro& ot!er kinds o" do#s b, a''earance alone. .C/ A do# is a 'it b%ll beca%se o" !at it does9 not beca%se o" its breed. .3/ Ger&an s!e'!erds can "%nction bot! as 'olice do#s and as Seein#8E,e do#s. .E/ So&e breeds o" do#s cannot be distin#%is!ed "ro& ot!er breeds o" do#s b, a''earance alone. 1C. :istoricall,9 &onetar, s,ste&s !ave develo'ed onl, in 'o'%lation centers it! &arket'laces. T!ro%#! t!e "o%rt! cent%r, 1.C. Meso'ota&ian cities en#a#ed in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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trade9 b%t !ad never !ad &arket'laces. 1, t!at 'eriod9 !o ever9 Greek cities all !ad &arket'laces9 or a#orae. T!e Greek cities a#orae ere centrall, located and #oods ere traded t!ere eit!er "or &one, or "or co&&odities. I" all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 t!en !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ In t!e "o%rt! cent%r, 1.C. Greek cities ere t!e onl, 'o'%lation centers it! &onetar, s,ste&s. .1/ T!e develo'&ent o" &onetar, s,ste&s !as !istoricall, led to t!e develo'&ent o" &arket'laces. .C/ In t!e "o%rt! cent%r, 1.C. t!e Greeks and t!e Meso'ota&ians traded it! eac! ot!er. .3/ A"ter t!e "o%rt! cent%r, 1.C. Meso'ota&ian cities !ad &arket'laces and &onetar, s,ste&s. .E/ T!e Meso'ota&ian cities o" t!e "o%rt! cent%r, 1.C. did not !ave &onetar, s,ste&s. Questions 15-1& Co&'%ter o'eratin# s,ste& so"t are !as beco&e increasin#l, standardi)ed. 1%t !en a lar#e b%siness it! &%lti'le9 linked co&'%ter s,ste&s %ses identical o'eratin# s,ste& so"t are on all o" its co&'%ters9 a co&'%ter vandal !o #ains access to one co&'%ter a%to&aticall, !as access to t!e data on all t!e co&'%ters. =sin# a 'ro#ra& kno n as a >vir%s9? t!e vandal can t!en destro, &%c! o" t!e data on all t!e co&'%ters. I" s%c! a b%siness introd%ced &inor variations into its o'eratin# s,ste& so"t are9 %na%t!ori)ed access to all t!e co&'%ters at t!e sa&e ti&e co%ld be virt%all, eli&inated. $%rt!er&ore variations in o'eratin# s,ste& so"t are can be created it!o%t an, lose o" co&'%ter co&'atibilit, to t!e b%siness. T!ere"ore9 it is advisable "or b%sinesses to i&'le&ent s%c! variations. 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 s%''orts t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Standardi)ation o" co&'%ter o'eratin# s,ste& so"t are !as increased co&'%ter co&'atibilit, a&on# di""erent b%sinesses. .1/ Correctin# an, da&a#e res%ltin# "ro& an invasion b, a co&'%ter vir%s 'ro#ra& is &ore e('ensive t!an 'reventin# t!e da&a#e. .C/ It is not costl, "or a b%siness to &aintain inco&'atible co&'%ter o'eratin# s,ste&s. .3/ T!ere are ot!er kinds o" destr%ctive co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s t!at do not de'end on interco&'%ter links. .E/ 2ot all b%sinesses need to s!are date a&on# t!eir internal co&'%ter s,ste&s. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ I" a b%siness does not introd%ce variet, into its co&'%ter o'eratin# s,ste&s9 it ill lose data on its co&'%ters beca%se o" da&a#e "ro& vir%s 'ro#ra&s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@GH

.1/ I" a co&'%ter vir%s 'ro#ra& is introd%ced into a b%siness co&'%ter9 all o" t!e data on t!at co&'%ter ill be destro,ed. .C/ I" a b%siness introd%ces variet, into its linked co&'%ter o'eratin# s,ste&s9 it ill !ave increased overall 'rotection "or its s,ste&s9 b%t ill not !ave 'rotected ever, co&'%ter "ro& viral invasion. .3/ I" a b%siness does not !ave &%lti'le9 linked co&'%ter s,ste&s9 its co&'%ters cannot be 'rotected "ro& co&'%ter vir%ses. .E/ I" &inor variations are created in co&'%ter o'eratin# s,ste& so"t are9 it ill be easier to access t!e data on t!e co&'%ters t!at %se t!at so"t are. 1A. It is t!e &ark o" a s%'erior cond%ctor t!at !e or s!e !as t!e a%t!orit, to insist9 even it! a to' orc!estra9 t!at re!earsal ork &%st be intensi"ied. T!is a%t!orit, cannot si&'l, be clai&ed9 t!e cond%ctor &%st earn it b, innin# t!e orc!estras res'ect "or t!e artistic inter'retations !e or s!e is c%rrentl, '%rs%in#. In takin# t!e 'osition o%tlined9 t!e a%t!or 'res%''oses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ S%'erior cond%ctors devise di""erent inter'retations o" co&'osition "or eac! orc!estra it! !ic! t!e, 'er"or& it. .1/ S%'erior cond%ctors are 'er"ectionists !o are never satis"ied it! an, 'er"or&ance even b, a to' orc!estra. .C/ To' orc!estras are al a,s read, to '%t in additional ork on re!earsals i" t!e cond%ctor considers additional re!earsin# necessar,. .3/ To' orc!estras can a''reciate t!e &erits o" an inter'retation even be"ore t!e, !ave bro%#!t it to "%ll reali)ation. .E/ Even to' orc!estras are not al a,s led b, s%'erior cond%ctors. 1B. In t!e =nited States 'roven oil reservesKt!e a&o%nt o" oil considered e(tractable "ro& kno n "ieldsKare at t!e sa&e level as t!e, ere ten ,ears a#o. *et over t!is sa&e 'eriod no ne oil "ields o" an, conse0%ence !ave been discovered9 and t!e ann%al cons%&'tion o" do&esticall, 'rod%ced oil !as increased. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best reconciles t!e discre'anc, described above.A/ 7ver t!e 'ast decade t!e ann%al cons%&'tion o" i&'orted oil !as increased &ore ra'idl, t!an t!at o" do&estic oil in t!e =nited States. .1/ Conservation &eas%res !ave lo ered t!e rate o" #ro t! o" do&estic oil cons%&'tion "ro& !at it as a decade a#o. .C/ 7il e('loration in t!e =nited States !as slo ed d%e to increased concern over t!e environ&ental i&'act o" s%c! e('loration. .3/ T!e 'rice o" do&esticall, 'rod%ced oil !as "allen s%bstantiall, over t!e 'ast decade. .E/ 3%e to tec!nolo#ical advances over t!e last decade9 &%c! oil 'revio%sl, considered %ne(tractable is no considered e(tractable. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@AI

1H. Train service s%""ers !en a railroad co&bines co&&%ter and "rei#!t service. 1, dividin# its attention bet een its "rei#!t and co&&%ter c%sto&ers9 a railroad serves neit!er 'artic%larl, ell. T!ere"ore9 i" a railroad is #oin# to be a s%ccess"%l b%siness9 t!en it &%st concentrate e(cl%sivel, on one o" t!ese t o &arkets. $or t!e ar#%&ent to be lo#icall, correct9 it &%st &ake !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Co&&%ter and "rei#!t service !ave little in co&&on it! eac! ot!er. .1/ T!e "irst 'riorit, o" a railroad is to be a s%ccess"%l b%siness. .C/ =nless a railroad serves its c%sto&ers ell9 it ill not be a s%ccess"%l b%siness. .3/ I" a railroad concentrates on co&&%ter service9 it ill be a s%ccess"%l b%siness. .E/ Railroad co&&%ters rarel, ant "rei#!t service as ell. 5I. Most 'eo'le in t!e =nited States vie neit!er bi# nor s&all b%siness as 'artic%larl, e""icient or d,na&ic and re#ard bot! as 'rovidin# cons%&ers it! "airl, 'riced #oods and services. :o ever9 &ost 'eo'le consistentl, 'erceive s&all b%siness as a "orce "or #ood in societ,9 !ereas bi# b%siness is 'erceived as sociall, res'onsible onl, in ti&es o" 'ros'erit,. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 o%ld 'rovide t!e stron#est s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses.A/ Most 'eo'le in t!e =nited States #ive little t!o%#!t to t!e val%e o" b%siness to societ,. .1/ I" bi# b%siness ere &ore e""icient9 it o%ld be 'erceived &ore "avorabl, b, t!e '%blic #enerall,. .C/ I" s&all b%siness ere re#arded as bein# &ore d,na&ic9 it9 too9 o%ld receive stron#l, "avorable ratin#s onl, in ti&es o" #eneral 'ros'erit,. .3/ Even i" 'eo'le did not re#ard bi# b%siness as 'rovidin# cons%&ers it! val%e "or t!eir &one,9 t!e, o%ld still re#ard it as sociall, res'onsible in ti&es o" #eneral 'ros'erit,. .E/ Man, 'eo'le in t!e =nited States re#ard t!e social res'onsibilit, o" bi# b%siness as e(tendin# be,ond 'rovidin# cons%&ers it! "airl, 'riced #oods and services. 51. T!e ener#, an ani&al &%st e('end to &ove %'!ill is 'ro'ortional to its bod, ei#!t9 !ereas t!e ani&als ener#, o%t'%t available to 'er"or& t!is task is 'ro'ortional to its s%r"ace area. T!is is t!e reason t!at s&all ani&als9 like s0%irrel9 can r%n %' a tree tr%nk al&ost as "ast as t!e, can &ove on level #ro%nd9 !ereas lar#e ani&als tend to slo do n !en t!e, are &ovin# %'!ill. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e e('lanation above de'ends.A/ T!e a&o%nt o" ener#, needed to &ove %'!ill is no #reater "or lar#e ani&als http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

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@A1

t!at it is "or s&all ani&als. .1/ S&all ani&als can &ove &ore ra'idl, t!an lar#e ani&als can. .C/ T!e ratio o" s%r"ace area to bod, ei#!t is s&aller in lar#e ani&als t!an it is in s&all ani&als. .3/ T!ere is little variation in t!e ratio o" ener#, o%t'%t to bod, ei#!t a&on# ani&als. .E/ T!e a&o%nt o" ener#, needed to r%n at a #iven s'eed is 'ro'ortional to t!e s%r"ace area o" t!e r%nnin# ani&al. 55. T!e 1HBIs !ave been c!aracteri)ed as a 'eriod o" sel"is! individ%alis& t!at t!reatens t!e co!esion o" societ,. 1%t t!is c!aracteri)ation is tr%e o" an, ti&e. T!ro%#!o%t !istor, all !%&an actions !ave been &otivated b, sel"is!ness. 6!en t!e dee'er i&'lications are considered9 even t!e si&'lest >%nsel"is!? acts 'rove to be instances o" sel"is! concern "or t!e !%&an s'ecies. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a "la in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e clai& t!at sel"is!ness !as been 'resent t!ro%#!o%t !istor, is not act%all, relevant to t!e ar#%&ent. .1/ 2o statistical evidence is 'rovided to s!o t!at !%&ans act sel"is!l, &ore o"ten t!an act %nsel"is!l,. .C/ T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es t!at sel"is!ness is %ni0%e to t!e 'resent a#e. .3/ T!e ar#%&ent &entions onl, !%&ans and does not consider t!e be!avior o" ot!er s'ecies. .E/ T!e ar#%&ent relies on t o di""erent %ses o" t!e ter& sel"is!. 5<. A &edical +o%rnal %sed a 0%estionnaire s%rve, to deter&ine !et!er a 'artic%lar c!an#e in its "or&at o%ld increase its readers!i'. Si(t,8t o 'ercent o" t!ose !o ret%rned t!e 0%estionnaire s%''orted t!at c!an#e. 7n t!e basis o" t!is o%tco&e9 t!e decision as &ade to introd%ce t!e ne "or&at. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it ere deter&ined to be tr%e9 o%ld 'rovide t!e best evidence t!at t!e +o%rnals decision ill !ave t!e desired e""ect.A/ 7" t!e readers !o received 0%estionnaires9 HI 'ercent ret%rned t!e&. .1/ 7t!er +o%rnals !ave based "or&at c!an#es on s%rve, res%lts. .C/ T!e 'ercenta#e o" s%rve,ed readers !o like t!e "or&at c!an#e as al&ost t!e sa&e as t!e 'ercenta#e o" t!e entire 'otential readers!i' !o o%ld like "or&at c!an#e. .3/ It as deter&ined t!at t!e ne "or&at o%ld be less costl, t!an t!e old "or&at. .E/ 2inet, 'ercent o" t!e readers !o ere dissatis"ied it! t!e old "or&at and onl, @I 'ercent o" t!e readers !o like t!e old "or&at ret%rned t!eir 0%estionnaires. Questions !4-!5 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@A5

S!anna: 7 ners o" an, ork o" art9 si&'l, b, virt%e o" o ners!i'9 et!icall, !ave t!e ri#!t to destro, t!at art ork i" t!e, "ind &orall, or aest!eticall, distaste"%l9 or i" carin# "or it beco&es inconvenient. Jor#e: 7 ners!i' o" %ni0%e art orks9 %nlike o ners!i' o" ot!er kinds o" ob+ects9 carries t!e &oral ri#!t to 'ossess b%t not to destro,. A %ni0%e ork o" art it! aest!etic or !istorical val%e belon#s to 'osterit, and so &%st be 'reserved9 !atever t!e 'ersonal is!es o" its le#al o ner. 5C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" acce'ted9 o%ld contrib%te &ost to S!annas de"ense o" !er 'osition a#ainst t!at o" Jor#e.A/ Tr%l, #reat orks o" art are never &orall, or aest!eticall, distaste"%l to an, serio%s st%dent o" t!e !istor, o" art. .1/ T!e ri#!t o" "%t%re #enerations to !ave t!eir artistic !erita#e 'reserved is o" #reater i&'ortance t!an t!e ri#!ts o" an, 'resentl, livin# individ%al. .C/ It o%ld be i&'r%dent to allo t!e 'resent stock o" art orks to be destro,ed it!o%t so&e #%arantee t!at t!e artists o" t!e "%t%re ill 'rod%ce orks as #reat as t!ose 'rod%ced in t!e 'ast. .3/ T!ere are certain entities over !ic! no one o%ld be et!icall, +%sti"ied in clai&in# absol%te ri#!ts to o ners!i'. .E/ T!e a%tono&, o" individ%als to do !at t!e, is! it! !at is t!eirs &%st not be co&'ro&ised9 in t!e absence o" a t!reat to an,ones !ealt! or sa"et,. 5@. 7n t!e basis o" t!eir state&ents9 S!anna and Jor#e are co&&itted to disa#reein# abo%t t!e tr%t! o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents.A/ An,one !o o ns a 'ortrait 'resentin# !is or !er "at!er in an %n"latterin# li#!t o%ld "or t!at reason alone be et!icall, +%sti"ied in destro,in# it. .1/ Feo'le !o o n aest!eticall, val%able orks o" art !ave no &oral obli#ation to &ake t!e& available "or '%blic vie in#. .C/ 4al%able 'aintin#s b, ell8kno n artists are seldo& intentionall, da&a#ed or destro,ed b, t!eir o ners. .3/ I" a 'iece o" sc%l't%re is not %ni0%e9 its o ner !as no et!ical obli#ation to 'reserve it i" doin# so 'roves b%rdenso&e. .E/ It is le#all, 'er&issible "or a %ni0%e and !istoricall, val%able &%ral to be destro,ed b, its o ner i" !e or s!e tires o" it. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Radioactive aste "ro& n%clear 'o er 'lants !as been te&'oraril, stored on8site9 b%t t!is is not a satis"actor, kind o" 'lace "or lon#8ran#e stora#e. Since no s%itable 'lan o" sa"e 'er&anent stora#e o" s%c! aste "ro& t!e nations e(istin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@A<

and 'lanned n%clear 'lants !as been devised9 so&e 'eo'le 'ro'ose t!at e s!o%ld sto' tr,in# to develo' s%c! a 'lan and instead s!o%ld s!%t do n all 'resent n%clear 'lants and b%ild no ne n%clear 'lants. T!e 'ro'osal &entioned above "alls s!ort o" o""erin# a co&'lete sol%tion to t!e 'roble& it addresses beca%se .A/ it o%ld 'revent t!e develo'&ent o" sa"e tec!nolo#ies "or t!e 'rod%cin# electric 'o er .1/ it does not distin#%is! bet een n%clear 'lants t!at !ave9 and 'lants t!at do not !ave9 a re'%tation "or o'eratin# sa"el, .C/ it does not 'rovide "or t!e 'er&anent stora#e o" alread, e(istin# aste .3/ t!e #eneration o" electric 'o er "ro& "ossil "%els is relativel, sa"e .E/ t!e risks o" %nsa"e dis'osal o" aste "ro& n%clear 'o er 'lants lie in t!e "%t%re9 b%t t!e bene"its "ro& s%c! 'lants are in t!e 'resent 5. 7nl, 19III to 59III s'ecies o" "r%it "lies e(ist orld ide. 2o !ere in t!e orld are "r%it "lies &ore ta(ono&icall, diverse t!an in t!e :a aiian islands9 !ic! !ost so&e @II s'ecies9 A s%bset o" "r%it "lies called t!e 'ict%re8 in#ed droso'!ilids is re'resented in :a aii b, 1IG s'ecies. All o" t!e "r%it "l, s'ecies no 'resent in t!e :a aiian arc!i'ela#o are t!o%#!t to be t!e descendants o" t!e sa&e one or t o ancestral "e&ales. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ All o" t!e 'ict%re8 in#ed droso'!ilids in :a aii are believed to be t!e descendants o" t!e sa&e one or t o ancestral "e&ale "r%it "lies. .1/ Fict%re8 in#ed droso'!ilids are "o%nd onl, in t!e :a aiian Islands. .C/ All o" t!e 19III to 59III s'ecies o" "r%it "lies orld ide are believed to be t!e descendants o" one or t o "e&ales. .3/ I" @II ne s'ecies o" "r%it "lies ere discovered9 t!en :a aiian "r%it "lies o%ld no lon#er be t!e &ost ta(ono&icall, diverse 'o'%lation. .E/ So&e "r%it "lies ori#inated in :a aii and s'read "ro& t!ere to ot!er 'arts o" t!e orld. <. In 1BGI 1avarian 0%arr, orkers discovered t!e i&'ression o" a "eat!er in a li&estone slab datin# to t!e Meso)oic era. It !ad 'revio%sl, been ass%&ed t!at birds develo'ed onl, a"ter t!e close o" t!e Meso)oic era and a"ter t!e disa''earance o" 'terosa%rs9 a s'ecies c!aracteristic o" t!at era. 1%t t!ere in li&estone la, t!e i&'rint o" a "%ll, aerod,na&ic9 t!ree8inc!8lon# "eat!er. T!is9 t!ere"ore9 &%st !ave been t!e earliest birdKcertainl, t!e earliest "o%nd to t!e date. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e creat%re to !ic! t!e "eat!er belon#ed as a descendant o" t!e 'terosa%rs. .1/ 1irds it! s%c! "eat!ers ere 'receded b, s'ecies o" birds it! less8 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@AC

develo'ed "eat!ers. .C/ In t!e Meso)oic era9 no creat%res ot!er t!an birds !ad s%c! "eat!ers. .3/ T!e "eat!er belon#ed to a Meso)oic creat%re t!at as neit!er a 'terosa%r nor a bird9 b%t inter&ediate bet een t!e&. .E/ T!e earliest bird "le in an a k ard &anner. C. State researc!ers !ave "o%nd t!at since t!e oil 'rice increases o" t!e 1HAIs9 t!ere !as been a decline in !o&e ener#, cons%&'tion. T!e, concl%ded t!at al&ost all o" t!e decline !as been ac!ieved t!ro%#! red%ced standards o" livin# and c!an#es in t!e a, 'eo'le s'end t!eir ti&e. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld s%''ort t!e concl%sion above EECEFT: .A/ Sales o" 'ortable !eaters rose as "a&ilies concentrated t!eir inter activities in a li&ited n%&ber o" roo&s. .1/ 3%rin# t!e inter &ont!s9 &ore 'eo'le "re0%ented '%blic 'laces s%c! as libraries and co&&%nit, centers and9 on t!e avera#e9 s'ent considerabl, lon#er 'eriods in t!e& t!an t!e, !ad 'revio%sl,. .C/ More t!an <H 'ercent o" !o%se!olds ere able to decrease ener#, costs s%bstantiall, b, !avin# relativel, ine('ensive ork done to i&'rove t!e e""icienc, o" t!eir e(istin# !eatin# s,ste&s. .3/ At least @H 'ercent o" !o%se!olds &aintained a lo er indoor te&'erat%re t!an t!e, !ad been acc%sto&ed to &aintain on ver, cold da,s. .E/ Me&bers o" at least GI 'ercent o" !o%se!olds s!o ered "or s!orter 'eriods o" ti&e t!an t!e, !ad 'revio%sl,. @. Senator Stron# ood re'orted t!at9 contrar, to a st%d, cited b, t!e ad&inistration9 a t!oro%#! st%d, b, !is o n 'art, concl%ded t!at a red%ction in t!e ca'ital #ains ta( o%ld lead to an increase in t!e "ederal de"icit. >:oora, "or co&&on sense9? !e said. >Ever,one kno s t!at !en ,o% c%t ta(es ,o% lose reven%e.? :e concl%ded t!at t!e ad&inistrations 'lan "or red%cin# t!e ca'ital #ains ta( as no dead9 beca%se !e co%ld not i&a#ine an, senator votin# to increase t!e de"icit. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# acc%ratel, describes so&et!in# Senator Stron# ood does in advancin# !is ar#%&ent.A/ :e i&'lies t!at increasin# t!e ca'ital #ains ta( o%ld decrease t!e "ederal de"icit. .1/ :e ass%&es senators ill believe !is 'art,s re'ort instead o" t!e ad&inistrations. .C/ :e resorts to na&e8callin# b, e('ressl, statin# t!at !is o''onents lack co&&on sense. .3/ :e ass%&es t!at senators ill rarel, vote "or %n'o'%lar le#islation. .E/ :e ass%&es t!at a st%d, co&&issioned b, !is 'art, &%st be &ore ob+ective t!an one co&&issioned b, t!e ad&inistration. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@A@

G.

T!e &ost s%ccess"%l econo&ies !ave been9 and ill contin%e to be9 t!ose t!at train as &an, 'eo'le as 'ossible in t!e !%&an skills re0%ired to researc!9 to develo'9 and to a''l, ne tec!nolo#,. Ja'an is a &odel "or t!is sort o" trainin# e""ort. E%ro'e as a !ole is in a eaker 'osition: t!ere is a s!orta#e o" skilled labor trained to %se t!e ne tec!nolo#ies and t!ere are not eno%#! scientists able to develo' and a''l, t!e tec!nolo#,. :o ever9 even in Ja'an t!ere is a s!orta#e o" tec!nicall, 0%ali"ied 'eo'le9 and9 like &ost E%ro'ean co%ntries9 Ja'an !as "ar too &an, orkers 0%ali"ied to 'er"or& onl, &enial tasks. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!ere is a #reater orld ide s!orta#e o" researc! scientists t!an t!ere is o" en#ineers. .1/ Ja'an is not t!e best co%ntr, a#ainst !ic! to &eas%re a co%ntr,s econo&ic s%ccess. .C/ Ja'ans s%ccess"%l econo&, de'ends %'on an %nco&&onl, narro base o" !i#!l, skilled labor. .3/ To be econo&icall, &ore s%ccess"%l9 E%ro'e needs to train &ore 'eo'le in t!e ne tec!nolo#ies. .E/ E%ro'ean co%ntries !ave econo&ies t!at are &ore s%ccess"%l t!an t!ose o" &ost ot!er co%ntries.

A.

6!en Corte) arrived in Me(ico in A.3. 1@1H9 !e observed t!e in!abitants 'la,in# a cere&onial #a&e it! a r%bber ball. T!e 're8Col%&bian in!abitants o" Me(ico be#an to %se r%bber aro%nd A.3. 1III. T!%s e can be s%re t!at t!e #a&e &%st !ave ori#inated so&eti&e bet een a''ro(i&atel, A.3. 1III and Corte) arrival. T!e concl%sion reac!ed above de'ends on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ T!e 're8Col%&bian in!abitants o" Me(ico 'la,ed #a&es on all cere&onial occasions. .1/ T!e &akin# o" r%bber balls as one o" t!e earliest %ses o" r%bber b, t!e in!abitants o" Me(ico. .C/ T!e cere&onial #a&e re"erred to as 'o'%lar t!ro%#!o%t Me(ico. .3/ T!e #a&e !ad been 'la,ed since its ince'tion it! a r%bber ball. .E/ T!e datin# o" t!e "irst %se o" r%bber in Me(ico as d%e to Corte).

B.

T!e 1a,sville C!a&ber o" Co&&erce recentl, &et to disc%ss a 'ro'osal to bea%ti", t!e 1a,sville areas "ree a,s b, relocatin# 'o er lines9 addin# landsca'in# and re&ovin# billboards. At t!e &eetin# Mar, Si&&s9 !o as re'resentin# an o%tdoor advertisin# co&'an,9 declared9 >1illboards are t!e basis o" o%r b%siness. I" t!e, are torn do n9 o%r abilit, to earn a livin# ill be severel, da&a#ed.? >I dont a#ree9? said Jack Jordan9 a local &erc!ant9 >T!e basis o" o%r b%siness is an attractive co&&%nit,. Feo'le !o &i#!t s!o' in 1a,sville dont ant to see %#l, billboards on t!eir a, into to n. 1illboards are !%rtin# o%r http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@AG

abilit, to earn a livin#.? Jack Jordan a re&arks s%##est t!at !e is &isinter'retin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ords %sed b, Mar, Si&&s.A/ billboards .1/ basis .C/ o%r .3/ abilit, .E/ da&a#ed H. So&e 'eo'le are Monta#%es and so&e 'eo'le are Ca'%lets. 2o Monta#%e can be crossed in love. All Ca'%lets can be crossed in love. T!ere"ore9 Ca'%lets are not Monta#%es. An,one !o is not a Monta#%e is inte&'erate. Ass%&e t!at all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e. I" it is also tr%e t!at no Monta#%e is inte&'erate9 t!en !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ T!e onl, 'eo'le !o can be crossed in live are inte&'erate Ca'%lets. .1/ An,one !o is not a Ca'%let is a Monta#%es. .C/ All inte&'erate 'eo'le can be crossed in love. .3/ All inte&'erate 'eo'le are Ca'%lets. .E/ All Ca'%lets are inte&'erate. 1I. T!e "or&ation o" !%rricanes t!at t!reaten t!e =nite States &ainland is tri##ered b, !i#! at&os'!eric inds o"" t!e estern coast A"rica. 6!en ab%ndant rain "alls in s%b8Sa!aran A"rica9 !%rricanes a"ter ard !it t!e =nited States &ainland it! 'artic%lar "re0%enc,. T!ere"ore9 t!e ab%ndant rains &%st so&e!o 'ro&ote t!e abilit, o" t!e inds to "or& !%rricanes. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents contains a "la t!at is &ost si&ilar to one in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Feo'le !o e(ercise vi#oro%sl, tend to slee' ell. T!ere"ore9 'eo'le !o e(ercise vi#oro%sl, tend to be !ealt!,. .1/ Cars drive "aster on lon# cit, blocks t!an on s!ort cit, blocks. Lon# blocks are t!%s &ore dan#ero%s "or 'edestrians t!an s!ort blocks. .C/ Man, 'eo'le !o later beco&e s%ccess"%l entre'rene%rs 'la,ed co&'etitive s'orts in colle#e. T!ere"ore9 'la,in# co&'etitive s'orts &%st en!ance a 'ersons entre'rene%r abilit,. .3/ T!e blosso&s o" t!e c!icor, 'lant close %' in "%ll s%n. T!ere"ore t!e c!icor, 'lants blosso&s &%st o'en %' in t!e dark. .E/ Events in Eastern E%ro'e can a""ect t!e 'olitical &ood in Central A&erica. T!ere"ore liberali)ation in Eastern E%ro'e ill lead to liberali)ation in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@AA

Central A&erica. 11. It is even &ore i&'ortant t!at e critici)e de&ocracies t!at !ave co&&itted !%&an ri#!ts violations t!an t!at e critici)e dictators!i's t!at !ave co&&itted &ore violent !%&an ri#!ts o""enses. :%&an ri#!ts violations are al a,s ine(c%sable9 b%t t!ose co&&itted b, #overn&ents t!at re'resent t!e ill o" t!e 'eo'le are even &ore re're!ensible t!an t!ose co&&itted b, dictators. $%rt!er9 o%r criticis& is &ore likel, to !ave an e""ect on t!e "or&er t!an on t!e later. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'ro'er in"erence "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ All #overn&ents co&&it sa&e ine(c%sable and re're!ensible acts. .1/ So&e !%&an ri#!ts violations are &ore re're!ensible t!an ot!er9 &ore violent !%&an ri#!ts violations. .C/ Criticis& o" !%&an ri#!ts violations is certain to !ave no e""ect on a dictators!i'. .3/ :%&an ri#!ts violations are &ore likel, to occ%r in de&ocracies t!an in dictators!i'. .E/ T!ose !o do re'resent t!e ill o" t!e 'eo'le are less likel, to be &oved b, criticis& t!an are t!ose !o &erel, clai& to re'resent t!e ill o" t!e 'eo'le. 15. A recent st%d, "o%nd t!at snorin#9 t!o%#! not co&&on in eit!er #ro%'9 is &ore co&&on a&on# s&okers t!an a&on# nons&okers. 7n t!e basis o" t!is evidence9 t!e a%t!or !,'ot!esi)ed t!at s&okin# b, itsel" can ind%ce snorin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 casts t!e &ost do%bt on t!e a%t!ors !,'ot!esis.A/ Stress ind%ces bot! snorin# and s&okin# in certain individ%als. .1/ 7besit, ind%ces &an, individ%als to s&oke. .C/ Most snorers do not s&oke. .3/ Most s&okers do not snore. .E/ 1ot! s&okin# and snorin# ca%se t!roat 'roble&s. Questions 13-14 T!e 'ress re'orts on 'olitical ca&'ai#ns t!ese da,s as i" t!e, ere c!ess #a&es. 7ne candidates ca&'ai#n advisor &akes a &oveD t!e ot!er candidates advisor &akes a co%nter&ove. T!e 'ress t!en re'orts on t!e ca&'ai#n advisors and not on t!e candidates. T!e losers in t!e c!ess #a&e are t!e voters. T!e, are de'rived o" t!e in"or&ation t!e, need to &ake in"or&ed decisions beca%se t!e 'ress is i#norin# s%bstantive 'olic, iss%es and re'ortin# onl, on t!e 'rocess o" t!e ca&'ai#n. It is clear t!at t!e ca&'ai#n advisors s!o%ld sta, o%t o" t!e li&eli#!t and let t!e 'ress re'ort on t!e &ost revealin# 'ositions on s%bstantive iss%es t!e candidates !ave taken. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion %'on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e de'endshttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@AB

.A/ C!ess is t!e &ost a''ro'riate analo#, to re'ortin# on 'olitical ca&'ai#n. .1/ T!e candidates in t!e election are takin# 'ositions on s%bstantive 'olic, iss%es. .C/ :o t!e 'ress re'orts 'olitics deter&ines t!e s%bstantive iss%es in t!e ca&'ai#n. .3/ T!e voters are not 'a,in# eno%#! attention to t!e election to be able to &ake in"or&ed decisions. .E/ T!ere is no di""erence bet een re'ortin# on t!e 'olitical 'rocess and re'ortin# on s%bstantive iss%es. 1C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e candidates 're"er t!at t!e 'ress re'ort on s%bstantive 'olic, iss%es. .1/ T!e 'ress en+o,s bein# in t!e li&eli#!t d%rin# 'olitical ca&'ai#ns. .C/ T!e candidates believe 'olitical ca&'ai#nin# is analo#o%s to a c!ess #a&e. .3/ T!e re'orters "ind it easier to re'ort on t!e 'rocesses and 'ersonalities o" a ca&'ai#n t!an on s%bstantive 'olic, iss%es. .E/ Re'ortin# on t!e ca&'ai#n advisors is not 'rovidin# all o" t!e in"or&ation t!e voters need in order to &ake in"or&ed decisions. 1@. St%dies o" brain laterali)ation in ani&als !ave '%r'orted to s!o t!at9 !ereas &ost !%&an bein#s are ri#!t8!anded9 abo%t !al" o" an, #iven #ro%' o" ani&als ill be >le"t8!anded? .i.e. s!o in# a 're"erence "or t!eir le"t li&bs/ and !al" ill be >ri#!t8!anded.? T!is "indin# is s%s'ect9 !o everD it !as lon# been noted t!at do#s ill al&ost al a,s >s!ake !ands? it! t!e ri#!t 'a . 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e stron#est de"ense a#ainst t!e co%ntere(a&'le o" do#s t!at >s!ake !ands?.A/ 3o#s are observed to scratc! t!e&selves it! t!e le"t le# as ell as it! t!e ri#!t le#. .1/ Feo'le !o observe do# >s!akin# !ands? are observin# a be!avior t!at do#s 'er"or& onl, it! a "ront 'a . .C/ Le"t8!anded 'eo'le so&eti&es "eel inconvenienced or even sti#&ati)ed in a >ri#!t8!anded orld9? b%t do#s "ace no analo#o%s di""ic%lties. .3/ 3o#s t!at !ave lost a li&b are able to co&'ensate "or t!e loss9 re#ardless o" !et!er t!e li&b as lost "ro& t!e ri#!t or le"t side. .E/ In learnin# to 'er"or& tricks9 do#s are in"l%enced b, t!e be!avior o" t!eir trainers. 1G. Fro"essor: I" bot! 'arents !ave t,'e 7 blood t!en t!eir c!ildren can onl, !ave t,'e 7 blood. T!is is a #enetic la . St%dent: 1%t t!ats not tr%eD &, "at!er !as t,'e 1 blood and I !ave t,'e 7 blood. T!e st%dent !as &ost likel, &isinter'reted t!e 'ro"essors re&ark to i&'l, t!at

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@AH

.A/ onl, 'eo'le it! t,'e 7 blood can !ave c!ildren it! t,'e 7 blood .1/ 'eo'le it! t,'e 7 blood cannot !ave c!ildren it! t,'e 1 blood .C/ 'eo'le it! t,'e 1 blood invariabl, !ave c!ildren it! t,'e 7 blood .3/ !at is tr%e o" one c!ild in t!e "a&il, &%st also be tr%e o" all c!ildren t!at "a&il, .E/ i" bot! 'arents !ave t,'e 1 blood9 t!en t!eir c!ild ill !ave t,'e 1 blood 1A. A recent s%rve, o" brand 're"erences s!o ed t!at R81ar 1eans are considered t!e best o" all brands a&on# all a#e #ro%'s9 leadin# bot! Te(as T 1eans and A%nt Sall,s 1eans b, a ide &ar#in. :o ever9 t!e national sales "i#%res s!o t!at Te(as T and A%nt Sall,s eac! sold &an, &ore cans o" beans last ,ear t!an did R8 1ar. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld9 b, itsel"9 !el' to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado( described in t!e 'assa#e EECEFT: .A/ Te(as T 1eans and A%nt Sall,s 1eans are eac! &%c! less e('ensive t!an R8 1ar 1eans. .1/ So&e o" t!e s%rve,ed a#e #ro%'s s!o ed &ore o" a 're"erence "or R81ar 1eans t!an did ot!ers. .C/ T!e s%rve, as carried o%t onl, in t!e s&all #eo#ra'!ic area !ere R81ar distrib%tes its beans9 not nation ide. .3/ Most "ood stores re"%se to carr, R81ar 1eans beca%se t!e &an%"act%rer de&ands t!at R81ar 1eans be carried e(cl%sivel,. .E/ R81ar 1eans ere onl, introd%ced to t!e &arket t!ree &ont!s 'rior to t!e calc%lation o" sales "i#%res9 !ile Te(as T 1eans and A%nt Sall,s 1eans !ad been available "or ,ears. 1B. Several cos&etics "ir&s are co&&itted to t!e active develo'&ent9 validation9 and ado'tion o" ne 'rod%ct8sa"et, tests t!at %se c%lt%res o" !%&an cells. T!e, ar#%e t!at t!e ne tests serve to red%ce t!e need "or tests on live ani&als. T!e state&ents above &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ T!e 'ress%re on cos&etics "ir&s to cease cond%ctin# e('eri&ents t!at %se live ani&als as initiated b, #ro%'s o" social activists. .1/ Cons%&ers are no &ore likel, to b%, 'rod%cts !ose sa"et, as tested on c%lt%res o" !%&an cells t!an t!e, to b%, 'rod%cts !ose sa"et, as tested on ani&als. .C/ $inancial cons%ltants "or t!e cos&etics "ir&s believe t!at %sin# !%&an cell c%lt%res rat!er t!an live ani&als to test 'rod%ct sa"et, ill cost t!e "ir& less in act%al 'rod%ct8develo'&ent costs. .3/ Researc!ers in t!e cos&etics "ir&s believe t!at "e er tests o" 'rod%cts ill be needed i" cell c%lt%res rat!er t!an live ani&als are %sed.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@BI

.E/ Mana#ers o" t!e cos&etics "ir&s believe t!at it is better "or t!eir "ir&s not to 'er"or& tests on live ani&als i" t!ere is an acce'table alternative a, o" deter&inin# 'rod%ct sa"et,. Questions 19-!0 Can an, researc! be "o%nd to validate t!e contention t!at t!ose !o s'end ti&e 'l%ckin# o%t t!eir #ra, !airs !ave &ore ne#ative attit%des to ard t!e elderl, t!an t!ose !o s!r%# t!eir s!o%lders abo%t t!eir #ra, !airs- =nless a 'ersons 's,c!o'at!olo#, leads !i& or !er to over#enerali)e9 t!ere is no necessar, connection. Certainl, it is reasonable to like t!e elderl, ,et dislike t!e idea o" i&'aired e,esi#!t and !earin#. $%rt!er&ore9 !oldin# ne#ative attit%des to ard older 'eo'le &erel, beca%se t!e, are old is i&&oral9 accordin# to nearl, %niversall, acce'ted et!ical standards. 1%t t!ere is not!in# i&&oral abo%t dislikin# so&e conco&itants o" t!e a#in# 'rocess. 1H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best e('resses t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ It cannot be ass%&ed t!at 'eo'le !o dislike so&e o" t!e '!,sical conco&itants o" #ro in# old necessaril, !ave ne#ative "eelin#s to ard t!e elderl,. .1/ To dislike so&e o" t!e '!,sical conco&itants o" #ro in# old is reasonable9 !ile to dislike t!e elderl, is i&&oral. .C/ Since no one likes t!e '!,sical conco&itants o" #ro in# old9 it is ron# to dislike t!e elderl, &erel, beca%se o" t!eir '!,sical c!aracteristics. .3/ 1ein# elderl, is "ine9 b%t t!e 'rocess o" beco&in# elderl, is not9 and 'eo'le need to %nderstand t!is distinction bet een t!e t o. .E/ To dislike t!e elderl, is i&&oral9 and to do so +%st beca%se one dislikes so&e o" t!e '!,sical conco&itants o" #ro in# old is %nreasonable. 5I. In order to advance !er 'oint o" vie 9 t!e a%t!or does all o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ dis&iss an assertion as %n"o%nded .1/ a''eal to reason .C/ a''eal to a #eneral 'rinci'le .3/ discredit a co&&on stereot,'e abo%t t!e elderl, .E/ &ake a distinction abo%t attit%des 51. A societ, in !ic! t!ere are &an, cri&es9 s%c! as t!e"ts and &%rders9 s!o%ld not be called >la less.? T!at is an ab%se o" t!e &eanin# o" ords. As a s%""i(9 >8less? &eans > it!o%t9? so >la less? &eans > it!o%t la s.? :o ever9 a societ, t!at !as no la s !as no cri&es9 beca%se no la s can be broken. A la less societ, o%ld9 t!ere"ore9 be a cri&eless societ,. So !at so&e !ave ter&ed a la less societ, s!o%ld act%all, be called >cri&e"%l.? I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@B1

tr%e.A/ A societ, t!at !as la s !as cri&es. .1/ A societ, t!at !as no cri&es !as no la s. .C/ A societ, t!at !as &an, la s !as &an, cri&es. .3/ A societ, t!at !as so&e cri&es !as so&e la s. .E/ A societ, t!at !as &an, cri&es !as &an, la s. 55. A "o%rteen8,ear st%d, o" "inc!es on t!e Gala'a#os islands concl%ded t!at t!ere is a de"inite relations!i' bet een cli&ate and t!e 'o'%lation si)e o" "inc! s'ecies t!at t!rive at vario%s ti&es. 3%rin# dro%#!ts9 &ore &e&bers o" lar#e "inc! s'ecies s%rvive beca%se t!eir bills are lar#e eno%#! to crack lar#e9 !ard seeds9 #ivin# t!e& a "ood s%''l, %navailable to s&aller birds. In rain, ,ears9 "e er &e&bers o" t!e lar#e "inc! s'ecies s%rvive beca%se t!e additional &oist%re "osters t!e #ro t! o" 'lants t!at 'rod%ce s&all seeds. T!e lar#er "inc! varieties !ave to cons%&e enor&o%s n%&bers o" s&all seeds to &eet t!eir ener#, de&ands9 and so&e +%st cannot eat t!e& "ast eno%#!. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be ass%&ed in order to +%sti", t!e concl%sion t!at cli&atic variations ca%se a &a+or di""erence in s%rvival rates o" s&all and lar#e "inc!es.A/ 3%rin# dro%#!t conditions9 t!e eat!er 'ro&otes t!e #ro t! o" 'lants t!at 'rod%ce s&all9 !ard seeds. .1/ A len#t!, 'eriod o" rain, eat!er res%lts in "e er lar#e9 !ard seeds bein# 'rod%ced. .C/ In rain, 'eriods9 t!e s&all "inc!es #at!er eno%#! "ood to #ro &%c! lar#er and !eavier9 b%t t!eir %lti&ate si)e is li&ited b, t!eir inabilit, to eat s&all seeds "ast. .3/ T!e Gala'a#os cli&ate d%rin# t!is "o%rteen ,ear 'eriod !ad abo%t as &%c! dr, eat!er as it !ad et eat!er. .E/ S&all seeds do not !ave to be cracked o'en in order to be di#ested b, an, o" t!e "inc! varieties. 5<. Mr. 1latt: E('ert cons%ltants are so%#!t a"ter b, &ana#e&ent beca%se t!e, !el' e(ec%tives &ake better decisions. T!at is !, t!e, are ort! t!e s%bstantial "ees t!e, c!ar#e. Ms. $rin#: 2onsense. E('ert cons%ltants are !ired in order to enable e(ec%tives to avoid res'onsibilit,. T!e &ore t!e e('erts cost9 t!e &ore t!e, can be bla&ed !en t!in#s #o ron#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it occ%rred9 o%ld be t!e stron#est evidence "avorin# Ms. $rin#s 'osition over Mr. 1latts 'osition.A/ A co&'an, t!at is tr,in# to decide !et!er to &ove its &an%"act%rin# 'lant !ires an e('ensive e('ert to cond%ct a costRbene"it anal,sis. .1/ T o co&'etin# co&'anies "aced it! ver, si&ilar 'roble&s ado't di""erent http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@B5

sol%tions. .C/ A s%ccess"%l "ir& o" e('ert cons%ltants seeks to increase its vol%&e o" b%siness b, red%cin# its "ees9 b%t its vol%&e o" b%siness dro's. .3/ An e('ert cons%ltant b%ilds %' a s%ccess"%l b%siness b, c!ar#in# clients a s%bstantial 'ercenta#e o" t!e a&o%nt an inde'endent assessor +%d#es t!at t!e cons%ltant saved t!e co&'an,. .E/ A co&'an, "ollo s a cons%ltants advice to o'en t o ne stores9 b%t bot! stores are onl, &ar#inall, 'ro"itable at "irst. 5C. Alt!o%#! all conte&'orar, advertisin# tries to 'ers%ade9 onl, a s&all 'ortion o" conte&'orar, advertisin# can be considered &orall, re're!ensible. It nevert!eless "ollo s t!at so&e atte&'ts at 'ers%asion can be re#arded as &orall, re're!ensible. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 in its lo#ical "eat%res9 &ost closel, 'arallels t!e reasonin# %sed in 'assa#e.A/ 2one o" t!e c!e&icals %sed "or cleanin# t!e Sistine C!a'el ill a""ect t!e ori#inal d,es. :ence9 t!e colors %sed b, Mic!elan#elo ill be "%ll, restored. .1/ 2ot all o'erational trackin# st%dies are cond%cted to ill%strate e(act cor'orate ret%rns on invest&ent. :ence9 so&e o" t!ese st%dies are not reliable. .C/ A #ood &ana#er al a,s &akes i&'ortant decisions on t!e basis o" ade0%ate data9 alt!o%#! o" co%rse so&e &ana#ers "ail to do t!is. It "ollo s t!at so&e &ana#ers are not #ood &ana#ers. .3/ T!ere is a direct correlation bet een t!e n%&ber o" ti&es ,o% re'eat so&et!in# and t!e de#ree to !ic! ,o% retain it. T!ere"ore9 re'etition is al a,s a critical "actor in re&e&berin#. .E/ So&e s!ort 'oe&s are t!e&aticall, 'l%ralistic9 since so&e sonnets are c!aracteri)ed b, s%c! 'l%ralis&9 and all sonnets are s!ort 'oe&s.

TEST 18
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

An o""ice b%ildin# at State =niversit, contains a concrete stair a,9 t!e car'et on !ic! !as beco&e orn and "ra,ed. 3es'ite n%&ero%s arnin#s b, t!e 7cc%'ational Sa"et, and :ealt! Ad&inistration9 t!e %niversit, !as not re'laced a b%rned8o%t li#!t in t!e stair a,. $red9 a st%dent9 recentl, ca%#!t !is !eel in t!e torn car'et9 tri''ed9 and "ell do n t!e stair a,. :e as !os'itali)ed "or a severe conc%ssion and ot!er in+%ries. A"ter !is release "ro& t!e !os'ital9 !e re0%ired &%c! &ore &edical attention and &edication and !ad to it!dra "ro& t!e

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@B<

%niversit, "or a se&ester. :e brin#s s%it a#ainst t!e %niversit,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best line o" ca%sal anal,sis "or $reds attorne, to '%rs%e in t!e 'ersonal in+%r, case.A/ T!e concrete ste's9 beca%se t!e, ere !ard9 orsened $reds in+%ries. .1/ T!e %niversit, is res'onsible "or t!e condition o" t!e car'et. .C/ T!e b%rned8o%t li#!t constit%tes ne#li#ence. .3/ T!e distance $red "ell orsened !is in+%ries. .E/ T!e 7cc%'ational Sa"et, and :ealt! Ad&inistration !as no +%risdiction over t!e %niversit,. 5. Researc! s!o s t!at e(ercise !as a bene"icial e""ect on !ealt!. A"ter &%c! testin# it! &an, di""erent t,'es o" 'ersons9 it !as been s!o n t!at9 in &ost cases9 e(ercise de"initel, !el's to 'revent illnesses ca%sed b, vir%ses. T!e co&&on cold is ca%sed b, a vir%s. T!ere"ore;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best co&'letion o" t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ e(ercise alone ill not 'revent t!e co&&on cold .1/ e(ercise is no &ore e""ective t!an antibiotics in 'reventin# t!e co&&on cold .C/ e(ercise is 'robabl, not e""ective in 'reventin# colds ca%sed b, bacteria .3/ e(ercise !el's t!e bod, to destro, invadin# vir%ses .E/ e(ercise &a, !el' to 'revent t!e co&&on cold <. J%st a "e ,ears a#o sal&on co%ld not s%rvive in t!e o(,#en8starved and 'oll%ted T!a&es. 2or co%ld &an, ot!er s'ecies. 1%t no 9 a"ter ,ears o" deter&ined e""ort9 t!e sal&on !ave ret%rned9 and t!at is a s%re si#n t!at t!e river is 'oll%tion8"ree. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# indicates a 'ossible "la in t!e reasonin# in t!e 'assa#e above EECEFT: .A/ T!e sal&on t!at !ave ret%rned &a, be o" a strain t!at is %na""ected b, t!e 'oll%tants. .1/ T!e 'oll%tion &a, !ave been red%ced to a level at !ic! t!e sal&on can s%rvive. .C/ 7(,#en starvation is o"ten a conse0%ence o" 'oll%tion9 and t!is &a, !ave killed t!e sal&on. .3/ T!e sal&on &a, !ave been killed b, one 'artic%lar 'oll%tant9 !ic! !as no been re&oved !ile ot!ers re&ain. .E/ T!ere &a, still be 'oll%tion9 b%t its nat%re &a, !ave c!an#ed to a "or& t!at sal&on can tolerate. C. T!e states licensin# 'roced%res "or da,8care 'roviders are inade0%ate. I %sed to leave &, son it! a onder"%l o&an !o ke't a #ro%' o" nei#!bor!ood c!ildren9 b%t s!e 0%it rat!er t!an '%t %' it! t!e licensin# 'a'er ork. And a "riend o" &ine tells &e t!at !e cannot reco&&end t!e da,8care center t!at !e

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@BC

%ses9 even t!o%#! it is licensed9 beca%se t!e care 'roviders are not interested in doin# an,t!in# be,ond &eetin# t!e &ini&%& re0%ire&ents o" !ealt! and sa"et,. T!e a%t!or o" t!e 'assa#e ar#%es b, .A/ 'rovidin# e(a&'les to s%''ort t o o''osin# 'ositions .1/ basin# a concl%sion on s'eci"ic cases .C/ dis'%tin# evidence cited b, t!ose it! an o''osin# 'oint o" vie .3/ 'redictin# 'ersonal e('erience "ro& a #eneral 'rinci'le .E/ %sin# a #enerali)ation based on observation to %nder&ine a t!eoretical 'rinci'le @. All 5@I o" t!e cit,s 3e&ocratic ard leaders ere 'olled abo%t t!e n%&ber o" re#istered Re'%blicans !o beca&e re#istered 3e&ocrats d%rin# t!e ,ear. $ro& t!e re'orts o" t!e 5I leaders !o re'lied to t!e 0%estionnaire9 e kno t!at alto#et!er t!e, received a total o" @II "or&er Re'%blicans into t!e 3e&ocratic 'art, it!in t!e ,ear. Fro+ectin# "ro& t!is sa&'le9 e concl%de t!at at least G9III Re'%blicans beca&e 3e&ocrats d%rin# t!e ,ear. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost clearl, %nder&ines t!e concl%sion.A/ Several ,ears a#o9 @9III &e&bers o" t!e Re'%blican 'art, re#istered as 3e&ocrats. .1/ T!e &ore t!an HI 'ercent o" ard leaders not re'l,in# !ad no "or&er Re'%blicans re#isterin# as 3e&ocrats. .C/ 1eca%se t!e, ere too b%s,9 &ore t!an HI 'ercent o" t!e ard leaders did not re'l,. .3/ A n%&ber o" t!e ne l, re#istered 3e&ocrats ret%rned to t!e Re'%blican 'art, at a later date. .E/ Si&ilar "i#%res can be 'rod%ced "ro& 'ast ,ears "or re#istration c!an#es "ro& t!e 3e&ocratic 'art, to t!e Re'%blican 'art,. G. A lin#%ist recentl, ar#%ed t!at all !%&an lan#%a#es &%st !ave a co&&on ori#in beca%se so&e conce'ts are %niversalD t!at is9 t!e, a''ear in all lan#%a#es. $or e(a&'le9 all lan#%a#es are ca'able o" describin# li#!tness and darkness. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e 1%r&ese lan#%a#e does not contain basic no%ns like auto,obile and air0lane. .1/ 2o one lin#%ist co%ld 'ossibl, s'eak all kno n lan#%a#es. .C/ All s'eakers9 re#ardless o" t!eir lan#%a#es9 are con"ronted it! si&ilar sti&%li like li#!tness and darkness. .3/ T!e si&ilarit, bet een !%&an lan#%a#e and dol'!in lan#%a#e !as not been attrib%ted to a co&&on ori#in. .E/ So&e lan#%a#es incl%de conce'ts o" !ic! s'eakers o" ot!er lan#%a#es are http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@B@

not even a are. A. All 's,c!iatrists are doctors. 7nl, 's,c!iatrists ere invited to t!e con"erence. All !o ere invited to t!e con"erence sta,ed at t!e :e""ord :otel. T!ere"ore9 onl, 's,c!iatrists sta,ed at t!e :e""ord :otel. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" added as a 're&ise to t!e ar#%&ent9 o%ld &ake t!e concl%sion valid.A/ 7nl, t!ose !o ere invited to t!e con"erence sta,ed at t!e :e""ord :otel. .1/ All !o ere invited to t!e con"erence ere 's,c!iatrists. .C/ All 's,c!iatrists ere invited to t!e con"erence. .3/ 2o one !o as invited to t!e con"erence "ailed to sta, at t!e :e""ord :otel. .E/ 7nl, doctors sta,ed at t!e :e""ord :otel. Questions 8-9 A t!in# is >na%seo%s? i" it &akes one sick to t!e sto&ac!D t!e %n"ort%nate victi& o" t!is &alaise is >na%seated.? T!e co&&on &is%se o" >na%seo%s? can be ill%strated it! t!e "ollo in# sentence: >6!en !e sits too lon#9 t%rns !is !ead too abr%'tl,9 or alks an, distance9 !e #ets di)),9 loses balance9 and beco&es na%seo%s.? :e doesnt beco&e na%seo%s %nless !e t%rns ot!er 'eo'les sto&ac!sD !e beco&es na%seated. A 'erson !o is na%seated is no &ore na%seo%s t!an a 'erson !o !as been 'oisoned is 'oisono%s. B. 1ased on t!e 'assa#e above9 !ic! '!rase does 27T 'rovide a lo#ical co&'letion to t!e "ollo in# sentenceA 'erson !o is na%seated is no &ore na%seo%s t!an a 'erson !o !as been;;;;;; .A/ &%rdered is &%rdero%s .1/ corr%'ted is corr%'tible .C/ a ed is a eso&e .3/ irritated is irritatin# .E/ scared is scar, H. T!e a%t!ors a''roac! in t!e 'assa#e incl%des all o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ e('lainin# !o a ord is &is%sed .1/ dra in# an analo#, .C/ 'rovidin# an e(a&'le .3/ rel,in# on a ords a&bi#%o%s &eanin# .E/ de"inin# ke, ter&s 1I. T!era',9 !et!er '!,sical or social9 is a co%nterirritant t!at aids in t!at e0%ilibri%& o" t!e '!,sical or#ans t!at 'rotects t!e central nervo%s s,ste&. 6!ereas 'leas%re is a co%nterirritant ."or e(a&'le9 s'orts9 entertain&ent9 and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@BG

alco!ol/9 co&"ort is t!e re&oval o" irritants. 1ot! 'leas%re and co&"ort are strate#ies o" e0%ilibri%& "or t!e central nervo%s s,ste&. It can be concl%ded "ro& t!e state&ents above t!at t!e e(ile o" a deviant &e&ber o" a #ro%' can be .A/ t!era'e%tic "or t!e rest o" t!e #ro%' .1/ irritatin# "or t!e rest o" t!e #ro%' .C/ 'leas%rable "or t!e rest o" t!e #ro%' .3/ co&"ortin# "or t!e rest o" t!e #ro%' .E/ co%nter irritatin# "or t!e rest o" t!e #ro%' 11. T!e sit%ation !as #otten orse. =nless Eli)abet! #oes I &%st #o. 1%t s!e ill not #o i" I sta,. So e ill bot! !ave to #o. 6!at is t!e "la in t!e reasonin# above.A/ T!e "irst clai&9 t!at t!e sit%ation !as #otten orse9 is irrelevant. .1/ A 'ossible co%rse o" action is overlooked. .C/ It is ass%&ed t!at sta,in# is t!e sa&e as not #oin#. .3/ T!e concl%sion re"ers to a 'ossibilit, t!at is not e('licitl, re"erred to in an, o" t!e 're&ises. .E/ Ins%""icient in"or&ation is #iven abo%t t!e circ%&stances. 15. St%dent E: I& orried abo%t "ailin# t!e co%rse. St%dent *: 3ont orr,. As t!e 'ro"essor said9 an, st%dent !o "ails to s%b&it a ter& 'a'er ill "ail t!e co%rse. So +%st &ake s%re t!at ,o% s%b&it a ter& 'a'er9 and ,o% ill not "ail t!e co%rse. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits t!e sa&e lo#ical "la as t!at e(!ibited in st%dent *s re&ark.A/ An, resta%rant t!at serves 'aella it!o%t sa""ron is not a%t!entic. So i" t!e resta%rant serves 'aella it! t%r&eric instead o" sa""ron9 it is a%t!entic. .1/ An, native "is!ers !o earn t!eir livin#s b, "is!in# t!e local rivers and lakes are ort! !irin# as #%ides. So a 'erson !o is a native "is!er is ort! !irin# as a #%ide. .C/ An,one !o can consistentl, bo l over 5II 'oints 'er #a&e s!o%ld beco&e a 'ro"essional bo ler. I" ,o% can consistentl, bo l over 5II 'oints 'er #a&e9 ,o% s!o%ld beco&e a 'ro"essional bo ler. .3/ An, en#ineer !o cannot solve t!e e0%ation in a reasonable a&o%nt o" ti&e ill not #et a license. So i" ,o% are an en#ineer !o can solve t!e e0%ation in a reasonable a&o%nt o" ti&e9 ,o% ill #et a license. .E/ An, cook !o is in a !ot kitc!en ill leave t!e kitc!en. I" ,o% are a cook in a kitc!en t!at is !ot9 ,o% ill be "orced to leave t!e kitc!en. 1<. Trade 'rotection is bad 'olic,. Take t!e case o" t!e &icroco&'%ter ind%str,. T!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@BA

=nited States #overn&ent atte&'ted to restore t!e co&'%ter c!i' &arket to =nited States &an%"act%rers9 !o !ad ceased 'rod%ction in t!e "ace o" an ab%ndant s%''l, o" c!ea' c!i's "ro& "orei#n &an%"act%rers. =nder trade 'rotection9 it as e('ected t!at9 as #overn&ent8i&'osed 0%otas and e(cise ta(es "orced t!e 'rice o" "orei#n c!i's to rise9 =nited States &an%"act%res o%ld reenter t!e &arket. T!e, did9 b%t at onl, sli#!tl, lo er 'rices t!an t!e no 8!i#! 'rices o" "orei#n "ir&s. T!e lesson !as been si&'le: trade 'rotection &eans t!at =nited States &an%"act%res #ain !ile =nited States cons%&ers lose. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent relies.A/ It is %nreasonable to e('ect t!at #overn&ent8i&'osed 0%otas and e(cise ta(es ill red%ce 'rices "or =nited States cons%&ers. .1/ =nited States &an%"act%rers o" co&'%ter c!i's are &ore concerned it! !i#! 'ro"its t!at are "orei#n &an%"act%rers. .C/ T!e =nited States #overn&ents 'ri&ar, '%r'ose in trade 'rotection is to restore &arkets and 'ro"its to =nited States &an%"act%rers. .3/ 6it! res'ect to trade 'rotection9 t!e &icroco&'%ter ind%str, is re'resentative o" =nited States ind%str, in #eneral. .E/ T!e 0%alit, o" t!e c!i's 'rod%ced b, =nited States &an%"act%rers is better t!an t!e 0%alit, o" t!e c!i's 'rod%ced b, "orei#n &an%"act%rers. Questions 14-15 =ntil no 9 t!is 'aintin# as believed to be a sel" 'ortrait o" t!e artist9 b%t it 'robabl, is not. Tr%e9 t!e !eav, #old c!ain orn b, t!e #entle&an in t!e 'ict%re is si&ilar to one 'resented to t!e artist b, t!e N%een o" En#land a"ter !e !ad 'ainted !er 'ortrait. 1%t t!e s ord !an#in# at t!e #entle&ans !i' s%##ests t!at !e as a kni#!t9 a rank !i#!er t!an an, t!e artist ever attained. 1C. T!e ar#%&ent above de'ends on ass%&in# t!at t!e sel"8'ortrait o%ld .A/ incl%de ob+ects t!at are i&'ortant to t!e artist .1/ not e(a##erate t!e rank ac!ieved b, t!e artist .C/ be si&ilar to 'ortraits o" ot!ers !o& t!e artist !ad 'ainted .3/ be veri"iable onl, t!ro%#! t!e e(a&ination o" ob+ects in t!e 'aintin# .E/ not 'ortra, t!e artist en#a#ed in t!e activit, o" 'aintin# 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent.A/ :istorians cannot deter&ine !et!er t!e artist as ever kni#!ted. .1/ T!e artist 'ainted onl, one sel"8'ortrait in !is entire li"e. .C/ Several #entle&en o" t!e artists da, ore !eav, #old c!ains like t!e one in t!e 'aintin#. .3/ T!e #entle&an in t!e 'aintin# rese&bles 'ortraits o" t!e artist 'ainted b, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@BB

ot!er artists. .E/ T!e artist as t!e onl, #entle&an o" !is da, !o received a !eav, #old c!ain "ro& t!e N%een o" En#land. 1G. Colle#es boast abo%t t!e #reat si)es o" t!eir libraries. T!e, 0%ote "i#%res in t!e !%ndreds o" t!o%sands o" vol%&es9 b%t !o &an, books can a st%dent read in "o%r ,earsKa t!o%sand- 6!at #ood9 t!en9 are all t!e rest6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e a%t!ors &ain 'oint.A/ Colle#e librarians do not !ave an,t!in# abo%t !ic! t!e, can boast. .1/ 2o st%dent can read &ore t!an a t!o%sand books in "o%r ,ears. .C/ It is sill, to boast abo%t a librar,s si)e9 re#ardless o" !et!er t!e librar, is lar#e or s&all. .3/ =n%sed books are a aste o" ta('a,ers &one,. .E/ Colle#e libraries are %nnecessaril, lar#e. 1A. Eli: Accordin# to &an, scientists t!e ides'read 'rod%ction and %se o" c!loro"l%orocarbons .C$Cs/Ke.#.9 to 'rovide coolant "or air conditionersK inevitabl, leads to t!eir esca'e into t!e at&os'!ere !ere t!e, destro, t!e vital o)one la,er. In &, o'inion9 t!e contin%ed %se o" C$Cs b, !%&ans is like a !ar&"%l !abit9 !ic!9 i" %nc!ecked9 co%ld !ave disastro%s e""ects on t!e %ser9 na&el, sel"8destr%ction. T!e obvio%s and necessar, c%re9 t!ere"ore9 is a co&'lete ban on C$C 'rod%ction and %se. Mark: T!e c%re ,o% 'ro'ose o%ld kill9 not save9 t!e %ser. A ban on C$C 'rod%ction and %se o%ld ca%se t!e destr%ction o" t!e air conditionin# ind%str,. T!e so%rce o" Mark9 and Elis dis'%te is t!eir lack o" a#ree&ent on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ter&s.A/ c%re .1/ %ser .C/ ban .3/ 'rod%ction .E/ destr%ction 1B. I" t!ere is a decrease in t!e n%&ber o" !o&eless "a&ilies9 t!en eit!er t!e n%&ber o" available +obs !as increased or else t!e cost o" rentin# or '%rc!asin# !o%sin# !as decreased. I" t!e cost o" rentin# or '%rc!asin# !o%sin# !as decreased9 t!en t!e s%''l, o" !o%sin# &%st be #reater t!an t!e de&and. Ass%&e t!at t!ere is a decrease in t!e n%&ber o" !o&eless "a&ilies. Accordin# to t!e 'assa#e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents CA227T be tr%e.A/ T!e n%&ber o" +obs !as been decreasin#. .1/ T!e cost o" rentin# or '%rc!asin# !o%sin# !as been decreasin#9 and !o%sin# s%''l, e(ceeds de&and. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@BH

.C/ T!e n%&ber o" +obs !as been increasin#9 and t!e cost o" rentin# or '%rc!asin# !o%sin# !as been stable. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" +obs !as been decreasin#9 t!e cost o" rentin# or '%rc!asin# !o%sin# !as been decreasin#9 and !o%sin# de&and e(ceeds s%''l,. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" +obs !as been increasin#9 t!e cost o" rentin# or '%rc!asin# !o%sin# !as been increasin#9 and !o%sin# s%''l, e(ceeds de&and. 1H. Ever,one kne t!at i" t!e tea&s star 'la,er ere too badl, in+%red to 'la, in Sat%rda,s #a&e9 t!e tea& o%ld lose. Since t!e tea& on9 t!e star 'la,er &%st !ave 'la,ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar in lo#ic to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Red s'ots on t!e "eet are a s,&'to& o" a disease called borosis. T!is 'atient !as #reen s'ots on !is "eetD t!ere"ore9 !e does not !ave borosis. .1/ I" t!e "rost co&es late9 t!e "ar&er !as a #ood cro'. 1eca%se t!e "rost as late9 t!e "ar&er &%st !ave a #ood cro'. .C/ T!e instr%ctor in a co%rse r%led t!at i" a st%dent received an A on eit!er t!e ter& 'a'er or t!e "inal e(a&9 t!en t!e st%dent o%ld receive an A "or t!e co%rse. Anne received an A on t!e ter& 'a'er and a C on t!e "inal e(a&. T!ere"ore9 Anne received an A "or t!e co%rse. .3/ Feo'le in drivin# sc!ool reali)ed t!at i" Fete !ad anot!er a%to accident9 !e o%ld be e('elled "ro& t!e drivin# sc!ool. Fete as not e('elled "ro& t!e drivin# sc!ool. T!ere"ore9 !e &%st not !ave !ad anot!er a%to accident. .E/ I" S enson 'a,s a L1II "ine9 !e ill not be e('elled "ro& t!e co%ntr, cl%b. 1eca%se S enson !as not been e('elled9 !e &%st !ave 'aid t!e "ine. 5I. An e(a&ination o" corr%'tion 'rovides t!e basis "or re+ectin# t!e vie t!at an e(act science o" societ, can ever be constr%cted. As it! all ot!er social '!eno&ena t!at involve deliberate secrec,9 it is intrinsicall, i&'ossible to &eas%re corr%'tion9 and t!is is not &erel, d%e to t!e "act t!at social science !as not ,et reac!ed its #oal9 ac!ievable to be s%re9 o" develo'in# ade0%ate 0%anti",in# tec!ni0%es. I" 'eo'le ere read, to ans er 0%estion abo%t t!eir e&be))le&ents and bribes9 it o%ld &ean t!at t!ese 'ractices !ad ac0%ired t!e c!aracter o" le#iti&ate9 ta(able activities and !ad ceased to be corr%'t. In ot!er ords9 corr%'tion &%st disa''ear i" it is to be &eas%rable. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, states a !idden ass%&'tion t!at t!e a%t!or &%st &ake in order to advance t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ So&e 'eo'le believe t!at an e(act science o" societ, can be constr%cted. .1/ T!e 'ri&ar, '%r'ose o" an e(act science to 0%anti", and &eas%re '!eno&ena. .C/ An intrinsic c!aracteristic o" social '!eno&ena t!at involve deliberate secrec, is t!at t!e, cannot be &eas%red. .3/ An e(act science o" social '!eno&ena t!at involve deliberate secrec, cannot http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@HI

be constr%cted. .E/ An e(act science can be constr%cted onl, !en t!e '!eno&ena it st%dies can be &eas%red. Questions !1-!! T!is co%ntr, does not need an, &ore restrictions on 'oll%tion. In "act9 e s!o%ld abolis! t!ose t!at are c%rrentl, on t!e books. In s'ite o" vario%s restrictions9 'oll%tion levels !ave act%all, increased over t!e 'ast CI ,ears. Most i&'ortantl,9 dra&atic statistics s!o t!at9 as 'oll%tion levels !ave increased over t!is 'eriod9 t!e #eneral !ealt! o" t!e 'o'%lation !as i&'roved rat!er t!an deteriorated. 51. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# assertions9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost e""ective c!allen#e to t!e a%t!ors concl%sion.A/ T!e #eneral !ealt! o" t!is co%ntr,s 'o'%lation !as i&'roved over t!e 'ast CI ,ears 'ri&aril, beca%se o" ne advances in &edicine and n%trition9 not beca%se o" 'oll%tion. .1/ T!ere are several co%ntries in t!e orld in !ic! t!ere !ave been no restrictions on 'oll%tion over t!e 'ast CI ,ears9 and 'oll%tion levels !ave act%all, increased. .C/ Si&ilar statistics s!o t!at9 in several co%ntries9 t!e #eneral !ealt! o" t!e 'o'%lation !as i&'roved over t!e 'ast CI ,ears9 !ile 'oll%tion levels !ave act%all, decreased. .3/ Foll%tion levels o%ld !ave increased even &ore t!an t!e, !ave and t!e #eneral !ealt! o" t!e 'o'%lation o%ld not !ave i&'roved as &%c! as it !as it!o%t t!e restrictions t!at !ave been on t!e books. .E/ In t!e 'eriod 'rior to t!e 'ast CI ,ears9 'oll%tion restrictions ere none(istent in t!is co%ntr, and t!e #eneral !ealt! o" t!e 'o'%lation i&'roved at a "ar slo er rate t!an it did d%rin# t!e 'ast CI ,ears. 55. T!e a%t!or concl%des t!at t!ere s!o%ld be no restrictions on 'oll%tion 'artl, beca%se .A/ t!e, are no lon#er needed to i&'rove t!e #eneral !ealt! o" t!e 'o'%lation .1/ t!e, red%ce t!e 'ositive e""ect t!at 'oll%tion !as on t!e #eneral !ealt! o" t!e 'o'%lation .C/ statistics s!o t!at as 'oll%tion restrictions !ave increased so !ave 'oll%tion levels .3/ 'oll%tion !as not ,et reac!ed levels t!at are detri&ental to t!e !ealt! o" t!e #eneral 'o'%lation .E/ t!e, are ine""ective in lo erin# 'oll%tion levels 5<. In &etro'olitan areas9 al&ost GI 'ercent o" all "ires are set b, c!ildren9 !ile in r%ral areas abo%t CI 'ercent are. A 's,c!olo#ical s%rve, discovered t!at all c!ildren !o 'la, it! "ire believe t!at t!ere ill be no conse0%ences i" t!eir http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@H1

'arents catc! t!e& doin# it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in"erences can be &ost reliabl, dra n "ro& t!e 'assa#e above.A/ Most c!ildren !o believe t!ere ill no conse0%ences i" t!e, are discovered 'la,in# it! "ire do 'la, it! "ire. .1/ Farents !o discover t!eir c!ildren 'la,in# it! "ire ill 'revent t!ose c!ildren "ro& 'la,in# it! "ire in t!e "%t%re. .C/ I" 'arents !ave s%ccess"%ll, instilled in t!eir c!ildren t!e belie" t!at t!ere ill be conse0%ences i" t!e, are ca%#!t 'la,in# it! "ire9 t!ese c!ildren !ave not been a&on# t!ose 'la,in# it! "ire. .3/ C!ildren !o 'la, it! "ire attac! no sense o" ri#!t or ron# to t!is action. .E/ Most c!ildren !o do not 'la, it! "ire believe t!ere ill be conse0%ences i" t!eir 'arents discover t!e& 'la,in# it! "ire. 5C. So&e !ere9 so&e!o 9 !at as once a 'er"ectl, #ood r%le b, !ic! to live as t isted into t!e "alse and sinister idea t!at >Mone, is t!e root o" all evil.? To t!e contrar,9 t!e 'ro'er %se o" &one, 'rovides %s it! t!e "ood9 clot!es9 !ealt! care9 and s!elter t!at e all need to s%stain o%r lives. T!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent is lo#icall, "la ed in t!at it .A/ %ses e(a&'les t!at do not re"%te t!e #enerali)ation t!at all evil is rooted in &one, .1/ %ses ina''ro'riate e(a&'les to de&onstrate t!e 'ro'er %se o" &one, .C/ i#nores so&e o" t!e evil t!in#s t!at &one, can b%, .3/ "ails to ackno led#e t!at "ood9 clot!es9 !ealt! care9 and s!elter can so&eti&es lead to evil .E/ "ails to reco#ni)e t!at &one, can be %sed "or a lot o" ot!er #ood t!in#s besides s%stenance 5@. In a recent e('eri&ent9 a !i#! sc!ool En#lis! teac!er inters'ersed real9 co&&onl, %sed 'roverbs it! several nonsensical 'roverbial8so%ndin# state&ents t!at !e !ad &ade %'. :e t!en asked !is st%dents to eval%ate all o" t!e state&ents on t!e list. In #eneral9 t!e st%dents "o%nd t!e bo#%s 'roverbs and t!e real 'roverbs to be e0%all, "%ll o" isdo& and &eanin#. T!e teac!er concl%ded t!at 'roverbs attain t!eir stat%s as 'roverbs &ore t!ro%#! "re0%ent %sa#e t!an t!ro%#! t!eir in!erent isdo&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost e""ectivel, c!allen#e t!e teac!ers concl%sion.A/ So&e 'roverbs are %sed &ore "re0%entl, t!an ot!ers. .1/ T!ere ere &ore real 'roverbs t!an bo#%s 'roverbs in t!e list o" state&ents. .C/ T!ere are st,listic di""erences bet een 'roverbial and 'roverbial8so%ndin# state&ents. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@H5

.3/ So&e st%dents vie a state&ent in one a, and ot!er st%dents vie t!e sa&e state&ent in a ver, di""erent a,. .E/ T!e st%dents selected as eval%ators ere too ine('erienced to +%d#e t!e isdo& o" t!e state&ents. 5G. It is co&&onl, acce'ted t!at e s!o%ld be concerned abo%t o%r o n '!,sical !ealt!. T!e desire to take res'onsibilit, "or all as'ects o" o%r '!,sical condition9 !o ever9 'rod%ces a n%&ber o" ne#ative conse0%ences. 1, "oc%sin# e(cl%sivel, on o%r '!,sical !ealt!9 e tend to i#nore o%t &ental !ealt!. T!ere"ore9 alt!o%#! e can derive '!,sical bene"its "ro& o%r 'reocc%'ation it! '!,sical !ealt!9 e o"ten do so at t!e e('ense o" o%r &ental !ealt!. T!e a%t!or establis!es !er 'osition in t!e 'assa#e b, doin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ S!e de"ends !er 'osition and t!en e(tends it into a second area. .1/ S!e reveals a contradiction in a 'osition co&&onl, !eld to be correct. .C/ S!e s%''orts a co&&onl, !eld 'oint o" vie b, 'rovidin# additional evidence. .3/ S!e "irst states !er 'osition and t!en 0%ali"ies it it! a n%&ber o" concessions. .E/ S!e ar#%es t!at a 'o'%lar 'osition can lead to 'roble&s i" taken to an e(tre&e. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!e recent increases in !ealt! ins%rance 're&i%&s are %nnecessar, and e(cessive. 6!ile t!e in"lation rate is and !as been stable at @ 'ercent "or t!e 'ast "ive ,ears9 d%rin# t!e sa&e 'eriod t!e avera#e cost o" !ealt! ins%rance !as increased ann%all, b, 1I to 5I 'ercent. Recent st%dies s!o t!at t!e 'o'%lation is !ealt!ier no t!an ever be"ore9 and t!%s indicate t!at t!e ins%rance co&'anies clai&s o" !i#!er !ealt!8care costs are %n"o%nded and &erel, re"lect t!e 0%est "or !i#!er 'ro"its. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 %nder&ines t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e incidence o" l%n# cancer a&on# &en !o s&oke !as decreased in recent ,ears. .1/ I&'rove&ents in !ealt! !ave occ%rred beca%se o" a dra&atic increase in t!e %se o" e('ensive &edical e0%i'&ent9 tests9 and dr%#s. .C/ Increased !ealt! ins%rance 're&i%&s ill "orce so&e 'eo'le to dro' t!eir &edical covera#e9 t!%s adversel, a""ectin# t!eir "%t%re !ealt!. .3/ :ealt! ins%rance c%rrentl, covers "e er !ealt! 'roble&s t!an it did in t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

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'ast. .E/ T!o%#! t!ere are "e er !ealt! ins%rance co&'anies toda,9 t!eir earnin#s are !i#!er t!an t!e, !ave ever been. 5. In t!e o'en ocean9 a s!ark ill catc! al&ost an, s&all "is! it decides to attack. T!e best c!ance a s&all "is! !as9 once it is s'otted b, a !%n#r, s!ark9 it t!at t!e s!ark ill 'ro&'tl, "ind so&et!in# else to attack. T!ere"ore9 one o" t!e bene"its #ained b, s&all "is! t!at s i& in lar#e #ro%'s kno n as sc!ools is a red%ced c!ance o" bein# attacked b, a s!ark. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ S!arks live 'ri&aril, on a diet o" s&all "is!. .1/ S!arks do not eat an entire sc!ool o" "is! at one ti&e. .C/ T!e s!eer n%&ber o" "is! in a sc!ool 'revents s!arks "ro& attackin#. .3/ S!arks are t!e &ain dan#er to s&all "is! in t!e o'en ocean. .E/ S&all "is! are able to sense !en t!e, are bein# s'otted b, s!arks. Questions 3-4 F%blicl, o ned reso%rces ill al a,s be ab%sed. Take t!e e(a&'le o" cattle #ra)in#. 6!ere t!e individ%al !as "ree access to '%blicl, o ned ran#eland9 !e or s!e al a,s !as an incentive to #ra)e &ore and &ore cattle re#ardless o" t!e conse0%ences9 beca%se t!e bene"its are ca't%red b, t!e individ%al #ra)er !ile t!e costs o" red%ced ran#e 0%alit, are borne b, all ta('a,ers. Frivate lando ners are less likel, to ab%se t!eir o n land9 !o ever9 beca%se t!e, &%st 'a, t!e entire cost. <. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost tend to eaken t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent "or t!e concl%sion t!at '%blicl, o ned reso%rces ill al a,s be ab%sed.A/ Man, 'eo'le !o 'rivatel, o n reso%rces ab%se t!e& in s'ite o" t!e 'ersonal conse0%ences. .1/ So&e '%blicl, o ned reso%rces are so e(tensive t!at it o%ld take ides'read ab%se be"ore t!eir 0%alit, is a""ected. .C/ So&e individ%als !ave no c!oice b%t to rel, on '%blic reso%rces in t!e '%rs%it or t!eir liveli!ood. .3/ Feo'le do not ant to lose access to '%blic reso%rces9 ,et t!e, reali)e t!at t!e, ill i" t!ose reso%rces are r%ined t!ro%#! ab%se. .E/ Reso%rces are al a,s deval%ed !en ever,one !as access to t!e& beca%se t!e, are no lon#er a rare co&&odit, in !i#! de&and. C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# co%ld be best s%''orted b, t!e sa&e t,'e o" reasonin# as t!at e(!ibited in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e s%''l, o" bevera#es at t!e ann%al o""ice 'icnic ill last lon#er i" 'eo'le

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@HC

'a, "or t!e& on a 'er8bevera#e basis rat!er t!an ever,one in t!e o""ice bein# c!ar#ed a "lat "ee. .1/ A &at! teac!er 'rovides !is st%dents it! a"ter8sc!ool t%torin# on several da,s beca%se no sin#le da, is #ood "or ever,one. .C/ A tennis cl%b starts c!ar#in# "lat ann%al &e&bers!i' "ees instead o" 'a,8as8 ,o%8'la, co%rt "ees in order to ens%re a re#%lar cl%b inco&e. .3/ A social service a#enc, varies its c!ar#es "or services beca%se so&e 'eo'le are able to 'a, &ore t!an ot!ers. .E/ A tobacco ta( is instit%ted in order to "%nd i&'rove&ents in '%blic ed%cation. @. T!e cit, is vi#oro%sl, en"orcin# t!e ordinance a#ainst allo in# individ%als to slee' in t!e b%s de'ot. T!e &a,or ar#%es t!at s%c! vi#oro%s en"orce&ent is "air9 even!anded9 and ad&inistered in t!e best traditions o" e0%al treat&ent "or all. >2o one can slee' in t!e b%s de'ot9? t!e &a,or !as said9 > !et!er ,o%re !o&eless or t!e c!ie" e(ec%tive o" a &a+or cor'oration.? T!is brin#s to &ind a re&ark once &ade b, a 'olitical co&&entator. >T!e la 9 in its &a+estic e0%alit,9 "orbids t!e ric! as ell as t!e 'oor to slee' %nder brid#es9 to be# in t!e streets9 and to steal bread.? Its ti&e "or t!e &a,or to co&e to !is senses. T!e 'assa#e as a !ole is str%ct%red to lead !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ Feo'le s!o%ld not be treated e0%all, it! res'ect to en"orcin# t!e ordinance vi#oro%sl,. .1/ Ever,one s!o%ld be treated e0%all, it! res'ect to en"orcin# t!e ordinance vi#oro%sl,. .C/ T!e vi#oro%s en"orce&ent o" t!e ordinance does not 0%ali", as e0%al treat&ent "or all. .3/ T!e la !olds 'oor 'eo'le to stricter standards t!an it does ric! 'eo'le. .E/ In a tr%l, e0%al le#al s,ste&9 no one o%ld slee' in b%s de'ots. G. Alt!o%#! '!,sicians are alle#ed to !ide t!eir collea#%es &edical inco&'etence9 toda, t!at 'ractice co%ld be 'ro"essional s%icide. 1eca%se so &an, &edical advances are ell8kno n b, all doctors9 obsc%rin# so&eones inco&'etent 'roced%re is al&ost i&'ossible !en a clai&ant c!oose to '%rs%e a case. T!%s9 in &al'ractice s%its9 '!,sicians risk t!eir o n re'%tations i" t!e, testi", "alsel, to 'rotect t!eir "riends. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion s%''ortin# t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ F!,sicians 'ro"essional s%ccess de'ends %'on t!eir #ood re'%tations. .1/ Inco&'etent '!,sicians s!o%ld be e('osed be"ore t!e, co&&it &al'ractice. .C/ $alse testi&on, is &orall, ron# re#ardless o" ones 'ro"ession. .3/ F!,sicians s!o%ld do ever,t!in# 'ossible to 'rotect t!e&selves "ro& &al'ractice clai&s. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@H@

.E/ Ti&es !ave c!an#ed and '!,sicians toda, &%st kee' %' on all &edical advances. Questions '-8 T!e econo&, is in a dis&al state9 %niversities are s%""erin# "ro& c%tbacks9 and &an, st%dents &%st t%rn to an, so%rce o" "%nds available i" t!e, are to &ake ends &eet. $aced it! t!is sit%ation9 t!e %niversit, !as ter&inated t!e e&'lo,&ent o" so&e o" its &ore 'rod%ctive de'art&ental orkers. 6!,- =niversit, re#%lations 'ro!ibit a st%dents receivin# "inancial aid and t!en orkin# "or an a%(iliar, inco&e t!at e(ceeds a s'eci"ied li&it. E&'lo,ees !ose inco&es !ad reac!ed t!at li&it ere ter&inated. 2o 9 t!e %niversit, &%st "ind ot!er e&'lo,ees. =n"ort%natel,9 t!o%#!9 t!e %niversit,s c!oice o" st%dents to "ill t!e 'ositions ill not be based %'on t!eir abilities to 'er"or&9 or even %'on t!eir "inancial need9 b%t %'on !o &%c! &one, t!e, !ave &ade. A. It &a, be concl%ded "ro& in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e t!at t!e %niversit, .A/ !as "ired so&e st%dent8e&'lo,ees and is lookin# "or ot!er st%dent8e&'lo,ees to re'lace t!e& .1/ !as lost so&e "%ll8ti&e e&'lo,ees and ill re'lace t!e& it! 'art8ti&e st%dent8e&'lo,ees .C/ is lookin# "or ne e&'lo,ees to re'lace so&e !o !ave 0%it .3/ antici'ates losin# so&e e&'lo,ees and !as alread, be#%n to seek re'lace&ents .E/ antici'ates 'a,in# ne e&'lo,ees lo er a#es t!an t!e "or&er e&'lo,ees received B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best state&ent or t!e 'ri&ar, 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ Good st%dent8e&'lo,ees s!o%ld be able to obtain "inancial aid and9 at t!e sa&e ti&e9 earn a%(iliar, inco&es it!o%t li&its. .1/ In t!e "ace o" a declinin# econo&,9 %niversities need to be &ore lenient in t!eir "inancial aid 'olicies. .C/ =niversit, de'art&ents &%st ad!ere to t!e %niversit,s re#%lations. .3/ 3ecisions abo%t st%dent e&'lo,&ent s!o%ld be based entirel, %'on eac! st%dents "inancial need. .E/ 3%e to t!e 'roble&s created b, a dis&al econo&,9 so&e st%dent8 orkers !ave lost t!eir +obs. Questions 9-10 An, 'erson !o dro's o%t o" !i#! sc!ool ill be %ne&'lo,ed %nless !e or s!e "inds a lo 8'a,in# +ob or !as relative it! #ood b%siness connections. H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions CA227T be validl, dra n "ro& t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@HG

state&ent above.A/ An, 'erson !o dro's o%t o" !i#! sc!ool ill be %ne&'lo,ed9 !ave a lo 8 'a,in# +ob9 or !ave relatives it! #ood b%siness connections. .1/ An, !i#! sc!ool dro'o%t !o !as neit!er a lo 8'a,in# +ob nor relatives it! #ood b%siness connections ill be %ne&'lo,ed. .C/ An, e&'lo,ed 'erson !o !as neit!er a lo 8'a,in# +ob nor relatives it! #ood b%siness connections is not a !i#! sc!ool dro'o%t. .3/ An, !i#! sc!ool dro'o%t !o !as a +ob t!at is not lo 8'a,in# &%st !ave relatives it! #ood b%siness connections. .E/ An, 'erson !o !as relatives it! #ood b%siness connections and !o is not a !i#! sc!ool dro'o%t &%st be e&'lo,ed at a +ob t!at is not lo 8'a,in#. 1I. Ass%&e t!at To& is e&'lo,ed and does not !ave a lo 8'a,in# +ob. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 !en added to t!is ass%&'tion9 contradicts t!e ori#inal state&ent &ade in t!e state&ent above.A/ To& is a !i#! sc!ool dro'o%t. .1/ To& does not !ave relatives it! #ood b%siness connections. .C/ To& is a !i#! sc!ool dro'o%t and does not !ave an, relatives. .3/ To& is co&'leted !i#! sc!ool and !as relatives it! #ood b%siness connections. .E/ To& !as relatives it! #ood b%siness connections. 11. A &an !o s%rvived a recent train reck in !ic! several lives ere lost as asked !et!er !e as no a"raid o" takin# t!e train. :e reasoned9 >Ive read t!at t!e likeli!ood o" a train reck is abo%t one in ever, 1II9III ti&es a train leaves a station. So Ill start "earin# "or &, sa"et, a"ter t!e trains !ave lo##ed anot!er H@9III or so tri's.? T!e so%rce o" t!e &ans erroneo%s reasonin# is !is .A/ &is%nderstandin# o" >likeli!ood? in relation to train recks .1/ ass%&'tion t!at all train recks are alike .C/ belie" t!at !is be!avior can 'revent train recks .3/ "ail%re to reco#ni)e t!at t!ere &a, be "e er "%t%re train tri's as a res%lt o" t!e recent reck .E/ ass%&'tion t!at 'ersonal "ear and t!e occ%rrence o" train recks are %nrelated Questions 1!-13 C!ris: M%rderers s!o%ld be sentenced to li"e in 'rison9 not s%b+ected to t!e deat! 'enalt,. A li"e sentence is eno%#! to deter an, convicted &%rderer "ro& killin# a#ain. Moreover9 even t!e orst o""enders &a, s%bse0%entl, %nder#o a &irac%lo%s re!abilitationKa 'ossibilit, t!at is eli&inated b, t!e deat! 'enalt,. T!e 1ird Man o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@HA

Alcatra)9 a notorio%s convicted &%rderer9 is a case in 'oint. :e raised canaries !ile in 'rison and %lti&atel, beca&e an ackno led#ed a%t!orit, on t!e s%b+ect. 3ana: 1%t t!e 1ird Man o" Alcatra) killed anot!er in&ate !ile in 'rison. 6!at o%ld ,o% do to deter !i& "ro& co&&ittin# ,et anot!er &%rderKtake a a, !is birds15. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# can be in"erred "ro& C!riss ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ All convicted &%rderers ill be deterred "ro& killin# a#ain i" #iven li"e sentences. .1/ An, convicted &%rderer co%ld %nder#o a &irac%lo%s re!abilitation. .C/ T!e 1ird Man o" Alcatra) is an e(a&'le o" &irac%lo%s re!abilitation. .3/ T!e t!reat o" li"e i&'rison&ent is ade0%ate to deter 'otential &%rderers. .E/ 1eco&in# an ackno led#ed a%t!orit, on canaries is evidence o" one 'ersons re!abilitation. 1<. 3ana &ost serio%sl, eakens C!riss ar#%&ent b, doin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ &akin# a 'ersonal attack on t!e 1ird Man o" Alcatra) .1/ #ivin# a co%ntere(a&'le to t!e 'rinci'le o""ered b, C!ris t!at li"e i&'rison&ent is "ro& killin# a#ain .C/ s!o in# t!at it is %nlikel, t!at an, convicted &%rderer co%ld %nder#o a si#ni"icant re!abilitation .3/ s%##estin# t!at C!riss ar#%&ent is based on an at,'ical case .E/ de&onstratin# t!at it is i&'ossible to 'revent a convicted &%rderer "ro& co&&ittin# anot!er &%rder !ile in 'rison 1C. Co&&on 'atterns o" "allacio%s reasonin# are ende&ic to ever,da, li"e and once ado'ted cannot be corrected. Foor reasonin# skills aste '%blic and 'rivate &one,9 &ake 'eo'le less e""icient and 'rod%ctive9 and di&inis! o%r national ca'acit, to co&'ete abroad. 1%t it!in t!e 'ast "e ,ears9 a >t!inkin# skills? &ove&ent !as arisen. T!e teac!in# o" reasonin# skills is 'art o" t!is lar#er &ove&ent to &ake st%dents t!ink &ore criticall,. Increasin#l,9 as 'art o" t!e teac!in# o" decision8&akin#9 colle#e st%dents are s%ccess"%ll, learnin# to avoid co&&on 'atterns o" "allacio%s reasonin# t!at t!e, !abit%all, co&&it9 and9 in t!e 'rocess9 to ac0%ire so%nd reasonin# skills. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# identi"ies t!e &ost serio%s lo#ical "la t!at t!is 'assa#e contains.A/ T!e 'assa#e "ails to establis! a connection bet een t!e teac!in# o" decision8 &akin# and t!e teac!in# o" reasonin# skills. .1/ T!e 'assa#e contradicts itsel" b, bot! a""ir&in# and den,in# t!at 'atterns o" "allacio%s reasonin# can be corrected. .C/ T!e 'assa#e %ses circ%lar reasonin# b, "irst statin# t!at 'atterns o" "allacio%s reasonin# di&inis! o%r ca'acit, "or co&'etition and t!en assertin# t!at lack http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@HB

o" co&'etition leads to a lessenin# o" skills. .3/ T!e 'assa#e &akes an %n arranted in"erence "ro& i&'rovin# t!inkin# skills to teac!in# reasonin# skills. .E/ T!e 'assa#e "ails to link t!e teac!in# o" decision8&akin# to t!e lar#er &ove&ent to &ake st%dents t!ink &ore criticall,. Questions 15-1& 7%r societ, overesti&ates t!e contrib%tions o" science to t!e 0%est "or kno led#e. Inde'endent o" !et!er #reat strides !ave been &ade in t!e abilit, to 'redict nat%ral events9 kno led#e at an, dee'er level9 kno led#e o" t!in#s e cannot e('erience directl,9 is as ill%sor, as ever. S%c! kno led#e is ill%sor, beca%se inco&'atible t!eories &a, al a,s be 'ost%lated to e('lain observations. :o can e >kno ? !ic! one is correct- $%rt!er observations &a, narro t!e 'ossibilities9 b%t t!ere are al a,s alternatives9 at least in 'rinci'le. 6!o is to sa, t!at toda,s t!eories ill "are an, better t!an t!ose !ic!9 t!o%#! once acce'ted9 ere re'laced b, !oll, di""erent conce'tions o" nat%re- It is t!e !ei#!t o" #%llibilit, or 'res%&'tion to invest s'ecial credence in t!e c%rrent scienti"ic "as!ion. 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best e('resses t!e a%t!ors concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e.A/ Science is considerabl, less val%able t!an ot!er a''roac!es to 'rod%cin# kno led#e. .1/ C!an#es in and di""erences a&on# scienti"ic t!eories do not res%lt in #en%ine 'ro#ress. .C/ Scientists s!o%ld develo' &ore acc%rate a''roac!es to recordin# and e('lainin# observations abo%t nat%re. .3/ T!e abilit, o" science to 'rod%ce kno led#e is overrated. .E/ C%rrentl, acce'ted scienti"ic t!eories9 !o ever ell acce'ted9 are 'robabl, sel"8contradictor,. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# clai&s is central to t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent.A/ Alternative e('lanations are 'ossible "or an, set o" observations abo%t nat%re. .1/ Science !as &ade s%bstantial 'ro#ress in t!e abilit, to 'redict nat%ral events. .C/ Science !as develo'ed so &an, t!eories t!at it is i&'ossible to kno ones to believe. !ic!

.3/ It is i&'ortant t!at scientists distin#%is! bet een 'rediction and e('lanation. .E/ T!e +%d#&ent o" scientists as to !ic! t!eories to acce't is s%s'ect9 as t!e, tend to "ollo t!e latest scienti"ic "as!ion. 1A. T!e recent dra&atic increase in co&&%ter airline cras!es is ca%sed in lar#e 'art b, 'ilot ine('erience. As a &a+or #ro t! ind%str,9 t!e co&&%ter airlines !ave recentl, !ad a #reat increase in t!e de&and "or e('erienced 'ilots. It is i&'ossible to de"ine and assess 'ilot e('erience9 !o ever. $or e(a&'le9 so&eone it! 1III http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

@HH

!o%rs o" "li#!t e('erience as an instr%ctor in Ari)ona9 !ere t!e eat!er is #ood9 cannot be co&'ared to so&eone it! 1III !o%rs e('erience as a ni#!t car#o 'ilot in t!e stor&, nort!eastern =nited States. T!e a%t!ors concl%sion t!at t!e dra&atic increase in co&&%ter airline cras!es is ca%sed b, 'ilot ine('erience is &ost eakened b, t!e "act t!at t!e a%t!or !as .A/ ar#%ed t!at it is i&'ossible to &eas%re >'ilot e('erience? .1/ %sed an e(a&'le t!at does not relate lo#icall, to t!e 'oint bein# ill%strated .C/ 'rovided onl, a 'artial e('lanation "or t!e increase in co&&%ter airline cras!es .3/ &ade an %n"air co&'arison bet een e('erience as a "li#!t instr%ctor and e('erience as a ni#!t car#o 'ilot .E/ not s'eci"ied !o &%c! o" t!e recent increase in co&&%ter airline cras!es is d%e to 'ilot ine('erience 1B. 1rand E la%ndr, deter#ent sells "or L5.II a bo(. 1rand * sells "or LC.II a bo(. T!ere"ore9 ,o% ill save &one, i" ,o% %se 1rand E la%ndr, deter#ent instead o" 1rand *. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ake t!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e a lo#ical concl%sion.A/ It takes onl, one c%' o" 1rand E to do t!e ork o" one and one8!al" c%'s o" 1rand *. .1/ A bo( o" 1rand E contains t!e sa&e a&o%nt o" la%ndr, deter#ent as a bo( o" 1rand *. .C/ A bo( o" 1rand E ill clean +%st as &an, loads o" la%ndr, as a bo( o" 1rand *. .3/ More t!an t ice as &an, 'eo'le %se 1rand E as %se 1rand *. .E/ 1rand E and 1rand * nor&all, sell "or L<.II a bo(9 b%t 1rand E is on sale and 1rand * !as been &arked %'. 1H. In a recent advertise&ent9 a &a+or cereal co&'an, contended t!at t!e better ed%cated 'eo'le are9 t!e &ore likel, it is t!at as c!ildren t!e, re#%larl, ate oat&eal. As evidence9 t!e co&'an, cited a national rando& s%rve, o" colle#e #rad%ates in !ic! "o%r8"i"t!s o" all t!ose s%rve,ed re'orted !avin# eaten oat&eal at least once a eek !en t!e, ere ,o%n#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an additional 'iece o" in"or&ation t!at o%ld s%''ort t!e cereal co&'an,s concl%sion.A/ $o%r8"i"t!s o" all c%rrent colle#e #rad%ates eat oat&eal re#%larl,. .1/ $e er t!an "o%r8"i"t!s o" t!ose it!o%t a colle#e de#ree ate oat&eal re#%larl, !en t!e, ere c!ildren. .C/ A&on# 'eo'le !o !ave additional ed%cation be,ond colle#e9 "o%r8"i"t!s ate oat&eal re#%larl, !en t!e, ere c!ildren. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GII

.3/ More t!an "o%r8"i"t!s o" t!e 'o'%lation at lar#eKcolle#e #rad%ates and non#rad%ates co&binedKate oat&eal re#%larl, !en t!e, ere c!ildren. .E/ T!ose colle#e #rad%ates !o did not eat oat&eal re#%larl, !en t!e, ere c!ildren did eat oat&eal on an occasional basis. 5I. 7" t!e ten 'ro"essional tennis 'la,ers !o are #enerall, considered t!e #reatest o" all ti&e9 si( !ad no brot!ers or sisters. :o ever9 onl, a s&all 'ortion o" t!e #eneral 'o'%lation is &ade %' o" s%c! >onl, c!ildren.? Clearl,9 i" ,o% are a 'ro"essional tennis 'la,er9 ,o% !ave a better c!ance o" bein# considered a&on# t!e #reatest i" ,o% are an onl, c!ild. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld %nder&ine t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e.A/ So&e #reat tennis 'la,ers never 'la, 'ro"essionall,. .1/ Ascribin# >#reatness? to tennis 'la,ers is necessaril, s%b+ective. .C/ A&on# all 'ro"essional tennis 'la,ers9 seven o%t o" ten !ave no brot!ers or sisters. .3/ An onl, c!ild tends to be better at individ%al s'orts t!an at tea& s'orts. .E/ Farents !o !ave onl, one c!ild !ave &ore ti&e to invest in t!e c!ilds tennis career t!an do ot!er 'arents. 51. T!e 6est does not esca'e t!e e""ects o" its relations!i' it! t!e non86estern orld. Even as an individ%al "ails to develo' "%ll, it!o%t constant interaction it! an e0%al9 a tradition o" t!o%#!t loses vitalit, and lacks t!e ca'acit, "or ri#oro%s sel"8criticis& it!o%t t!e 'robin# 'resence o" an a%t!entic >ot!er.? In t!e absence o" constant and critical dialo#%e it! ot!er traditions9 6estern t!o%#!t re&ains 'aroc!ial9 co&&on'lace9 and narro . 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# tec!ni0%es o" ar#%&ent does t!e a%t!or %se in t!e 'assa#e.A/ identi",in# a 'oint o" si&ilarit, bet een t o di""erent states o" a""airs .1/ reconcilin# t o o''osed sets o" circ%&stances it! eac! ot!er .C/ identi",in# a concl%sion t!at !as no s%''ortin# ar#%&ent .3/ derivin# a concl%sion "ro& a set o" con"lictin# ass%&'tions .E/ takin# advanta#e o" inconsistencies in t!e de"inition o" a critical ter& 55. Geor#e: T!e econo&ics ta%#!t in colle#e is ver, con"%sin#Kand t!ats beca%se its all ron#. :arold: I" its all ron#9 !, is colle#e econo&ics still "orce8"ed to st%dentsGeor#e: Its ver, di""ic%lt to learn so&et!in# t!ats all ron#9 and i"9 b, c!ance9 so&eone does aste all t!at ti&e and learn it9 !e or s!e ill be inclined to de"end it "erocio%sl, and 'ass it on to ot!ers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost directl, c!allen#e Geor#es reasonin#http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GI1

.A/ Man, colle#e #rad%ates !o !ave taken econo&ics #o on to s%ccess"%l careers in a variet, o" ot!er "ields. .1/ Colle#e st%dents !o &a+or in econo&ics tend to earn !i#!er #rades in econo&ics t!an in t!eir ot!er s%b+ects. .C/ >Ri#!t? and > ron#? are relative ter&s in t!e "ield o" econo&ics. .3/ Man, econo&ics 'ro"essors a#ree it! +o%rnal articles t!at stron#l, critici)e colle#e econo&ics. .E/ Intervie s "ive ,ears a"ter #rad%ation s!o t!at econo&ics &a+ors are +%st as likel, to sa, t!at t!eir colle#e e('erience as en+o,able as are t!ose !o did not &a+or in econo&ics. 5<. T!e e(istentialists are ri#!t abo%t one t!in#: e are alone9 radicall, alone. T!e 'roo" is obvio%s. S%''ose ,o% ere born it! a '!,siolo#, t!at 'er&itted ,o% to 'erceive onl, ne#ative i&a#es9 t!at is9 ,o% sa black !ere ever,one else sa !ite and !ite !ere ever,one else sa black. 2evert!eless9 ,o% o%ld learn to call !at ,o% sa as black b, t!e na&e > !ite? beca%se t!is is !at ,o% o%ld be ta%#!t9 and t!ere o%ld be no a, t!at ,o% co%ld discover ,o%r error. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be validl, in"erred "ro& t!e state&ents in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ So&e 'eo'le are born it! reversed 'erce'tions o" black and !ite9 and t!e, cannot discover t!is. .1/ Feo'le it! reversed 'erce'tions o" black and !ite o%ld not c!oose t!eir ords an, di""erentl, "ro& an,one else. .C/ E(istentialis& is a so%nd '!iloso'!,9 as is a&'l, de&onstrated b, t!e '!,siolo#, o" color 'erce'tion. .3/ T!e e(istentialists clai& t!at so&e 'eo'le are born it! reversed 'erce'tions o" black and !ite. .E/ T!e e(istentialists clai& t!at 'eo'le &ean di""erent t!in#s !en t!e, %se t!e ords >black? and > !ite.? 5C. 7d,sse%s ans ered ell !en t!e 'riests s!o ed !i& a 'ict%re o" t!ose !o !ad !onored t!e #ods and t!en esca'ed s!i' reck9 and asked !i& !et!er !e did not no ackno led#e t!e 'o er o" t!e #odsK>*es9? !e asked9 >b%t !ere are t!ose 'ict%red !o ere dro ned a"ter t!eir 'ra,ers-? And s%c! is t!e a, o" all s%'erstitionsD !erein !%&ans9 !avin# a deli#!t in s%c! vanities9 &ark t!e events !ere t!e, are "%l"illed9 b%t !ere t!e, "ail9 t!o%#! t!is !a''ens &%c! o"tener9 ne#lect and 'ass t!e& b,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# contains t!e error o" reasonin# described b, t!e a%t!or in t!e 'assa#e.A/ I !ave discovered t!at $rida, t!e 1<t! reall, is a da, o" &is"ort%ne. J%st t!is 'ast $rida,9 t!e 1<t!9 I locked &,sel" o%t o" t!e !o%se. .1/ Alt!o%#! 2a'oleon and Ale(ander t!e Great ere s!ort9 Abra!a& Lincoln http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GI5

and C!arles de Ga%lle ere tall. So s!ort 'eo'le seek leaders!i' in order to overco&e "eelin#s o" in"eriorit,. .C/ Ever, se&ester "or t!e 'ast 1@ ,ears9 an avera#e o" 1I 'ercent o" Ms. Elliots !istor, st%dents !ave dro''ed !er co%rse be"ore t!e e(a&. So9 it see&s likel, t!at e can e('ect 1I 'ercent to dro' o%t t!is ,ear. .3/ 2o reliable observer !as ever act%all, seen a ,eti. T!e stron#est evidence see&s to be so&e s%s'icio%s tracks. So I t!ink t!is searc! "or a ,eti is 'robabl, a ild8#oose c!ase. .E/ I cannot tr%st &, l%ck, s!irt an, lon#er. I ore it to t!e #a&e toda, and o%r tea& lost. 5@. A ell8kno n "or&er 0%arterback is 'robabl, ver, ade't at anal,)in# t!e relative stren#t!s o" "ootball tea&s. :o ever9 e""orts b, television advertisers to s%##est t!at t!e 0%arterback is an e('ert on 'ant,!ose or 'o'corn 'o''ers s!o%ld aro%se ske'ticis& a&on# vie ers. T!e sa&e res'onse s!o%ld res%lt !en a 'o'%lar television actor9 !o is "re0%entl, cast in t!e role o" a doctor9 a''ears in a co&&ercial to endorse a brand o" deca""einated co""ee. :is vie s on television actin# o%ld deserve attention since !e !as !ad considerable e('erience in t!at "ield9 b%t vie ers !ave ever, ri#!t to do%bt !is a%t!orit, in co""ee advertise&ents. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'res%''osition essential to t!e reasonin# in t!e 'assa#e above.A/ T!e stren#t! o" a%t!oritative evidence as le#iti&ate 'roo" is closel, related to t!e a%t!orit,s de#ree o" e('ertness in t!e area in 0%estion. .1/ Fractical e('erience co%nts "or &ore t!an acade&ic trainin# in assessin# t!e co&'etence o" a%t!orities. .C/ T!e onl, kind o" evidence bein# %sed in &an, television co&&ercials is a''eal to a%t!orit,. .3/ T!e vie in# a%dience is not s%""icientl, ca'able o" eval%atin# a%t!oritative a''eals in advertise&ents. .E/ Television vie ers ill so&e!o &entall, trans"er t!e credibilit, o" celebrities in one area o" e('ertise to anot!er re'resented b, t!e 'rod%ct bein# advertised. 5G. J%d#in# b, t!e bo( o""ice recei'ts9 "il& a%diences !ave !ad a s%r"eit o" s'ectac%lar s'ecial e""ects and are &ore interested in #ood dra&a co&ed,9 or en#a#in# action t!an in seein# ,et anot!er s'aces!i' e('lode. $il& 'rod%cers are #ettin# t!e &essa#e9 so in t!e co&in# ,ear e('ect;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# best concl%des t!e a%t!or s state&ent.A/ &ore science "iction in an e""ort to increase bo( o""ice recei'ts .1/ "e er s'aces!i's e('lodin#9 b%t no c!an#e in t!e a&o%nt o" t!e ot!er s'ectac%lar s'ecial e""ects %sed in science "iction .C/ t!e 'end%l%& to s in# a a, "ro& science "iction9 'rovidin# science "iction http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GI<

"il&s contin%e to %se s'ectac%lar s'ecial e""ects .3/ &ore s'ectac%lar e""ects alon# it! increasin# levels o" di""ic%lt st%nt ork .E/ &ore "il&s co&binin# #ood dra&a it! s'ectac%lar s'ecial e""ects

TEST 19
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!e cit,s center "or disease control re'orts t!at t!e rabies e'ide&ic is &ore serio%s no t!an it as t o ,ears a#o: t o ,ears a#o less t!an 5@ 'ercent o" t!e local raccoon 'o'%lation as in"ected9 !ereas toda, t!e in"ection !as s'read to &ore t!an @I 'ercent o" t!e raccoon 'o'%lation. :o ever9 t!e ne s'a'er re'orts t!at !ereas t o ,ears a#o <5 cases o" rabid raccoons ere con"ir&ed d%rin# a 158&ont! 'eriod9 in t!e 'ast 15 &ont!s onl, 1B cases o" rabid raccoons ere con"ir&ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, bet een t!e t o re'orts.A/ T!e n%&ber o" cases o" rabies in ild ani&als ot!er t!an raccoons !as increased in t!e 'ast 15 &ont!s. .1/ A si#ni"icant 'ro'ortion o" t!e raccoon 'o'%lation s%cc%&bed to rabies in t!e ,ear be"ore last. .C/ T!e s,&'to&s o" diste&'er9 anot!er disease to !ic! raccoons are s%sce'tible9 are virt%all, identical to t!ose o" rabies. .3/ Since t!e o%tbreak o" t!e e'ide&ic9 raccoons9 !ic! are nor&all, noct%rnal9 !ave increasin#l, been seen d%rin# da,li#!t !o%rs. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" con"ir&ed cases o" rabid raccoons in nei#!borin# cities !as also decreased over t!e 'ast ,ear.

5.

Recentl,9 revie ers o" 'atent a''lications decided a#ainst #rantin# a 'atent to a %niversit, "or a #eneticall, en#ineered &o%se develo'ed "or laborator, %se in st%d,in# cancer. T!e revie ers ar#%ed t!at t!e &o%se as a ne variet, o" ani&al and t!at r%les #overnin# t!e #rantin# o" 'atents s'eci"icall, disallo 'atents "or ne ani&al varieties. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e 'atent revie ers ar#%&ent.A/ T!e restrictions t!e 'atent revie ers cited 'ertain onl, to do&esticated "ar& ani&als. .1/ T!e %niversit,s a''lication "or a 'atent "or t!e #eneticall, en#ineered &o%se as t!e "irst s%c! 'atent a''lication &ade b, t!e %niversit,. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GIC

.C/ T!e 'atent revie ers !ad reac!ed t!e sa&e decision on all 'revio%s 'atent re0%ests "or ne ani&al varieties. .3/ T!e 'atent revie ers !ad in t!e 'ast a''roved 'atents "or #eneticall, en#ineered 'lant varieties. .E/ T!e 'atent revie ers !ad 'revio%sl, decided a#ainst #rantin# 'atents "or ne ani&al varieties t!at ere develo'ed t!ro%#! conventional breedin# 'ro#ra&s rat!er t!an t!ro%#! #enetic en#ineerin#. Questions 3-4 Alt!o%#! ater in dee' a0%i"ers does not contain disease8ca%sin# bacteria9 !en '%blic ater s%''lies are dra n "ro& dee' a0%i"ers9 c!lorine is o"ten added to t!e ater as a disin"ectant beca%se conta&ination can occ%r as a res%lt o" "la s in 'i'es or stora#e tanks. 7" @I &%nici'alities t!at all '%&'ed ater "ro& t!e sa&e dee' a0%i"er <I c!lorinated t!eir ater and 5I did not. T!e ater in all o" t!e &%nici'alities &et t!e re#ional #overn&ents standards "or cleanliness9 ,et t!e ater s%''lied b, t!e 5I &%nici'alities t!at did not c!lorinated !ad less bacterial conta&ination t!an t!e ater s%''lied b, t!e &%nici'alities t!at added c!lorine. <. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can 'ro'erl, be concl%ded "ro& t!e in"or&ation #iven above.A/ A &%nici'alit,s initial decision !et!er or not to %se c!lorine is based on t!e a&o%nt o" bacterial conta&ination in t!e ater so%rce. .1/ 6ater in dee' a0%i"ers does not contain an, bacteria o" an, kind. .C/ 6!ere accessible9 dee' a0%i"ers are t!e best c!oice as a so%rce "or a &%nici'al ater s%''l,. .3/ T!e re#ional #overn&ents standards allo so&e bacteria in &%nici'al ater s%''lies. .E/ C!lorine is t!e least e""ective disin"ectin# a#ent. C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's e('lain t!e di""erence in bacterial conta&ination in t!e t o #ro%'s o" &%nici'alities.A/ C!lorine is considered b, so&e e('erts to be dan#ero%s to !%&an !ealt!9 even in t!e s&all concentrations %sed in &%nici'al ater s%''lies. .1/ 6!en &%nici'alities decide not to c!lorinate t!eir ater s%''lies9 it is %s%all, beca%se t!eir citi)ens !ave voiced ob+ections to t!e taste and s&ell o" c!lorine. .C/ T!e &%nici'alities t!at did not add c!lorine to t!eir ater s%''lies also did not add an, o" t!e ot!er available ater disin"ectants !ic! are &ore e('ensive t!an c!lorine. .3/ 7t!er a#ents co&&onl, added to '%blic ater s%''lies s%c! as "l%oride and sodi%& !,dro(ide ere not %sed b, an, o" t!e @I &%nici'alities. .E/ M%nici'alities t!at do not c!lorinate t!eir ater s%''lies are s%b+ect to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GI@

stricter re#%lation b, t!e re#ional #overn&ent in re#ard to 'i'es and ater tanks t!an are &%nici'alities t!at %se c!lorine. @. T!e 'o'%lation o" son#birds t!ro%#!o%t En#land !as decreased in recent ,ears. Man, 'eo'le e('lain t!is decrease as t!e res%lt o" an increase d%rin# t!e sa&e 'eriod in t!e 'o'%lation o" &a#'ies9 !ic! eat t!e e##s and c!icks o" son#birds. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 ar#%es &ost stron#l, a#ainst t!e e('lanation re'orted in t!e 'assa#e.A/ 7""icial records o" t!e 'o'%lation o" birds in En#land !ave been ke't "or onl, t!e 'ast <I ,ears. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" e##s laid ,earl, b, a "e&ale son#bird varies idel, accordin# to t!e son#birds s'ecies. .C/ Alt!o%#! t!e overall 'o'%lation o" &a#'ies !as increased9 in &ost areas o" En#land in !ic! t!e son#bird 'o'%lation !as decreased t!e n%&ber o" &a#'ies !as re&ained stable. .3/ T!e 'o'%lation o" &a#'ies !as increased beca%se "ar&ers no lon#er s!oot or tra' &a#'ies to an, #reat e(tent9 t!o%#! "ar&ers still consider &a#'ies to be 'ests. .E/ Alt!o%#! &a#'ies eat t!e e##s and c!icks o" son#birds9 &a#'ies diets consist o" a ide variet, o" ot!er "oods as ell. G. T!e introd%ction o" s,&bols "or n%&bers is an event lost in 're!istor,9 b%t t!e earliest kno n n%&ber s,&bols9 in t!e "or& o" si&'le #rooves and scratc!es on bones and stones date back 5I9III ,ears or &ore. 2evert!eless9 since it as not %ntil @9@II ,ears a#o t!at s,ste&atic &et!ods "or ritin# n%&erals ere invented9 it as onl, t!en t!at an, sort o" co&'%tation beca&e 'ossible. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent relies.A/ Grooves and scratc!es "o%nd on bones and stones ere all &ade b, 'eo'le9 and none res%lted "ro& nat%ral 'rocesses. .1/ So&e kinds o" s%r"aces %'on !ic! n%&eric s,&bols co%ld !ave been &ade in t!e 'eriod be"ore @9@II ,ears a#o ere not %sed "or t!at '%r'ose. .C/ Grooves and scratc!es inscribed on bones and stones do not date back to t!e ti&e o" t!e earliest 'eo'le. .3/ Co&'%tation o" an, sort re0%ired a s,ste&atic &et!od "or ritin# n%&erals. .E/ S,ste&atic &et!ods "or ritin# n%&erals ere invented onl, beca%se t!e need "or co&'%tation arose. A. Folitician: 2o t!at e are "inall, cleanin# %' t!e ind%strial 'oll%tion in t!e ba,9 e &%st start &akin# t!e ba, &ore accessible to t!e '%blic "or recreational '%r'oses. Re'orter: 1%t i" e increase '%blic access to t!e ba,9 it ill soon beco&e 'oll%ted a#ain.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GIG

Folitician: 2ot tr%e. T!e '%blic did not !ave access to t!e ba,9 and it #ot 'oll%ted. T!ere"ore9 i" and !en t!e '%blic is #iven access to t!e ba,9 it ill not #et 'oll%ted. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost closel, 'arallels t!e "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e 'oliticians re'l, to t!e re'orter.A/ I" t!ere !ad been a "%ll &oon last ni#!t9 t!e tide o%ld be !i#!er t!an %s%al toda,. Since t!e tide is no !i#!er t!an %s%al9 t!ere &%st not !ave been a "%ll &oon last ni#!t. .1/ T!e detective said t!at !oever stole t!e &one, o%ld be s'endin# it cons'ic%o%sl, b, no . Jones is s'endin# &one, cons'ic%o%sl,9 so !e &%st be t!e t!ie". .C/ 6!en 'risoners convicted o" es'eciall, violent cri&es ere ke't in solitar, con"ine&ent9 violence in t!e 'risons increased. T!ere"ore9 violence in t!e 'risons ill not increase i" s%c! 'risoners are allo ed to &i( it! "ello 'risoners. .3/ To #et a drivers license9 one &%st 'ass a ritten test. S&it! 'assed t!e ritten test9 so s!e &%st !ave #otten a drivers license. .E/ In order to like abstract art9 ,o% !ave to %nderstand it. T!ere"ore9 in order to %nderstand abstract art9 ,o% !ave to like it. B. 1eca%se learned 'atterns o" be!avior9 s%c! as t!e association o" a #reen li#!t it! >#o? or t!e e('ectation t!at s itc!es ill "li' %' "or >on9? beco&e dee'l, in#rained9 desi#ners s!o%ld &ake allo ances "or t!at "act9 in order not to 'rod%ce &ac!ines t!at are ine""icient or dan#ero%s. In !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# sit%ations is t!e 'rinci'le e('ressed &ost clearl, violated.A/ Man%"act%rers !ave re"%sed to c!an#e t!e standard order o" letters on t!e t,'e riter ke,board even t!o%#! so&e 'eo'le !o !ave never learned to t,'e "ind t!is arran#e&ent o" letters be ilderin#. .1/ Govern&ent re#%lations re0%ire t!at cr%cial instr%&ents in air'lane cock'its be 'laced in e(actl, t!e sa&e arra, in all co&&ercial aircra"t. .C/ A%to&obile &an%"act%rers #enerall, desi#n "or all o" t!eir a%to&obiles a s0%are or oblon# i#nition ke, and a ro%nd or oval l%##a#e co&'art&ent ke,. .3/ T!e onl, tra""ic si#ns t!at are trian#%lar in s!a'e are >,ield? si#ns. .E/ 7n so&e ta'e recorders t!e >start? b%tton is red and t!e >sto'? b%tton is ,ello . H. $ro& 1HA< to 1HBH total ener#, %se in t!is co%ntr, increased less t!an 1I 'ercent. :o ever9 t!e %se o" electrical ener#, in t!is co%ntr, d%rin# t!is sa&e 'eriod #re b, &ore t!an @I 'ercent as did t!e #ross national 'rod%ctKt!e total val%e o" all #oods and services 'rod%ced in t!e nation. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!en !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GIA

tr%e.A/ Most o" t!e ener#, %sed in t!is co%ntr, in 1HBH as electrical ener#,. .1/ $ro& 1HA< to 1HBH t!ere as a decline in t!e %se o" ener#, ot!er t!an electrical ener#, in t!is co%ntr,. .C/ $ro& 1HA< to 1HBH t!ere as an increase in t!e 'ro'ortion o" ener#, %se in t!is co%ntr, t!at consisted o" electrical ener#, %se. .3/ In 1HBH electrical ener#, constit%ted a lar#er 'ro'ortion o" t!e ener#, %sed to 'rod%ce t!e #ross national 'rod%ct t!an did an, ot!er "or& o" ener#,. .E/ In 1HA< t!e electrical ener#, t!at as 'rod%ced constit%ted a s&aller 'ro'ortion o" t!e #ross national 'rod%ct t!an did all ot!er "or&s o" ener#, co&bined. 1I. A "%nda&ental ill%sion in robotics is t!e belie" t!at i&'rove&ents in robots ill liberate !%&anit, "ro& >!a)ardo%s and de&eanin# ork.? En#ineers are desi#nin# onl, t!ose t,'es o" robots t!at can be 'ro'erl, &aintained it! t!e least e('ensive9 least skilled !%&an labor 'ossible. T!ere"ore9 robots ill not eli&inate de&eanin# orkKonl, s%bstit%te one t,'e o" de&eanin# ork "or anot!er. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to t!e criticis& t!at it .A/ i#nores t!e consideration t!at in a co&'etitive b%siness environ&ent so&e +obs &i#!t be eli&inated i" robots are not %sed in t!e &an%"act%rin# 'rocess .1/ ass%&es !at it sets o%t to 'rove9 t!at robots create de&eanin# ork .C/ does not s'eci", !et!er or not t!e en#ineers !o desi#n robots consider t!eir ork de&eanin# .3/ atte&'ts to s%''ort its concl%sion b, an a''eal to t!e e&otion o" "ear9 !ic! is o"ten e('erienced b, 'eo'le "aced it! t!e 'ros'ect o" losin# t!eir +obs to robots .E/ "ails to address t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e a&o%nt o" de&eanin# ork eli&inated b, robots &i#!t be si#ni"icantl, #reater t!an t!e a&o%nt t!e, create 11. I" t!e needle on an ind%strial se in# &ac!ine beco&es badl, orn9 t!e article bein# se n can be r%ined. In traditional a''arel "actories9 t!e 'eo'le !o o'erate t!e se in# &ac!ines &onitor t!e needles and re'lace t!ose t!at be#in to ear o%t. Ind%strial se in# o'erations are beco&in# increasin#l, a%to&ated9 !o ever9 and it o%ld be ine""icient "or a "actor, to !ire 'eo'le "or t!e sole '%r'ose o" &onitorin# needles. T!ere"ore a so'!isticated ne aco%stic device t!at detects ear in se in# &ac!ine needles is e('ected to beco&e standard e0%i'&ent in t!e a%to&ated a''arel "actories o" t!e "%t%re. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ In a%to&ated a''arel "actories9 ite&s ill be r%ined b, "a%lt, needles less "re0%entl, t!an !a''ens in traditional a''arel "actories. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GIB

.1/ In t!e a%to&ated a''arel "actories o" t!e "%t%re9 eac! e&'lo,ee ill 'er"or& onl, one t,'e o" task. .C/ Traditional a''arel "actories do not %se an, a%to&ated e0%i'&ent. .3/ T!e needles o" ind%strial se in# &ac!ines ear o%t at %n'redictable rates. .E/ As se in# &ac!ine needles beco&e orn9 t!e noise t!e, &ake beco&es increasin#l, lo%d. Questions 1!-13 Ale(ander: T!e c!e&ical aste d%&' o%tside o%r to n s!o%ld be cleaned %' i&&ediatel,. Ad&ittedl,9 it ill be ver, costl, to convert t!at site into oodland9 b%t e !ave a 'ressin# obli#ation to redress t!e !ar& e !ave done to local "orests and ildli"e. Teresa: 1%t o%r to ns "irst 'riorit, is t!e !ealt! o" its 'eo'le. So even i" '%ttin# t!e d%&' t!ere as environ&entall, disastro%s9 e s!o%ld not s'end o%r reso%rces on correctin# it %nless it 'resents a si#ni"icant !ealt! to 'eo'le. I" it does9 t!en e onl, need to re&ove t!at !a)ard. 15. Teresas state&ent &ost closel, con"or&s to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ Environ&ental destr%ction s!o%ld be redressed onl, i" it is in t!e econo&ic interest o" t!e co&&%nit, to do so. .1/ Reso%rces s!o%ld be allocated onl, to satis", #oals t!at !ave t!e !i#!est 'riorit,. .C/ 2o e('ense s!o%ld be s'ared in 'rotectin# t!e co&&%nit,s !ealt!. .3/ Environ&ental !a)ards t!at 'ose sli#!t !ealt! risks to 'eo'le s!o%ld be recti"ied i" t!e tec!nolo#, is available to do so. .E/ It is t!e co&&%nit, as a !ole t!at s!o%ld eval%ate t!e i&'ortance o" eli&inatin# vario%s 'erceived t!reats to '%blic !ealt!. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e 'oint at iss%e bet een Ale(ander and Teresa.A/ !et!er t!e &aintenance o" a c!e&ical aste d%&' in"licts si#ni"icant da&a#e on "orests and ildli"e .1/ !et!er it is e(tre&el, costl, to clean %' a c!e&ical aste d%&' in order to re'lace it b, a oodland .C/ !et!er t!e '%blic s!o%ld be cons%lted in deter&inin# t!e '%blic !ealt! risk 'osed b, a c!e&ical aste d%&' .3/ !et!er t!e to n !as an obli#ation to redress da&a#e to local "orests and ildli"e i" t!at da&a#e 'oses no si#ni"icant !ealt! !a)ard to 'eo'le .E/ !et!er destro,in# "orests and ildli"e in order to establis! a c!e&ical aste d%&' a&o%nts to an environ&ental disaster 1C. In 1HBI9 Co%ntr, A !ad a 'er ca'ita #ross do&estic 'rod%ct .G3F/ t!at as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GIH

L@9III !i#!er t!an t!at o" t!e E%ro'ean Econo&ic Co&&%nit,. 1, 1HHI9 t!e di""erence9 !en ad+%sted "or in"lation9 !ad increased to LG9III. Since a risin# 'er ca'ita G3F indicates a risin# avera#e standard o" livin#9 t!e avera#e standard o" livin# in Co%ntr, A &%st !ave risen bet een 1HBI and 1HHI. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 1et een 1HBI and 1HHI9 Co%ntr, A and t!e E%ro'ean Econo&ic Co&&%nit, e('erienced t!e sa&e 'ercenta#e increase in 'o'%lation. .1/ 1et een 1HBI and 1HHI t!e avera#e standard o" livin# in t!e E%ro'ean Econo&ic Co&&%nit, "ell. .C/ So&e &e&ber co%ntries o" t!e E%ro'ean Econo&ic Co&&%nit, !ad9 d%rin# t!e 1HBIs9 a !i#!er avera#e standard o" livin# t!an Co%ntr, A. .3/ T!e 'er ca'ita G3F o" t!e E%ro'ean Econo&ic Co&&%nit, as not lo er b, &ore t!at L19III in 1HHI t!an it !ad been in 1HBI. .E/ In 1HHI9 no &e&ber co%ntr, o" t!e E%ro'ean Econo&ic Co&&%nit, !ad a 'er ca'ita G3F !i#!er t!an t!at o" Co%ntr, A. 1@. M%nici'al o""icials ori#inall, esti&ated t!at it o%ld be si( &ont!s be"ore &%nici'al road cre s co%ld co&'lete re'avin# a stretc! o" road. T!e o""icials 'res%&ed t!at 'rivate contractors co%ld not "inis! an, sooner. :o ever9 !en t!e +ob as assi#ned to a 'rivate contractor9 it as co&'leted in +%st 5B da,s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does &ost to resolve t!e discre'anc, bet een t!e ti&e esti&ated "or co&'letion o" t!e re'avin# +ob and t!e act%al ti&e taken b, t!e 'rivate contractor.A/ Road re'avin# ork can onl, be done in t!e s%&&er &ont!s o" J%ne9 J%l, and A%#%st. .1/ T!e labor %nion contract "or road cre s e&'lo,ed b, bot! &%nici'al a#encies and 'rivate contractors sti'%lates t!at e&'lo,ees can ork onl, ei#!t !o%rs a da,9 "ive da, a eek9 be"ore bein# 'aid overti&e. .C/ Man, road8cre orkers "or 'rivate contractors !ave 'revio%sl, orked "or &%nici'al road cre s and vice versa. .3/ Frivate contractors t,'icall, assi#n 5@ orkers to eac! road8re'avin# +ob site !ereas t!e n%&ber assi#ned to &%nici'al road cre s is %s%all, <I. .E/ M%nici'al a#encies &%st cond%ct a len#t!, biddin# 'rocess to 'roc%re s%''lies a"ter re'avin# ork is ordered and be"ore t!e, can act%all, start ork9 !ereas 'rivate contractors can obtain s%''lies readil, as needed. 1G. Researc!ers in So%t! A%stralia esti&ate c!an#es in s!ark 'o'%lations in!abitin# local aters b, &onitorin# !at is ter&ed t!e >catc! 'er %nit e""ort? .CF=E/. T!e CF=E "or an, s'ecies o" s!ark is t!e n%&ber o" t!ose s!arks t!at co&&ercial s!ark8"is!in# boats catc! 'er !o%r "or eac! kilo&eter o" #ill net set o%t in t!e ater. Since 1HA< t!e CF=E "or a 'artic%lar s'ecies o" s!ark !as re&ained "airl, constant. T!ere"ore9 t!e 'o'%lation o" t!at s'ecies in t!e aters aro%nd So%t! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1I

A%stralia &%st be at a''ro(i&atel, its 1HA< level. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e aters aro%nd So%t! A%stralia are t!e onl, area in t!e orld !ere t!at 'artic%lar s'ecies o" s!ark is "o%nd. .1/ T!e s!arks t!at are t!e &ost 'ro"itable to catc! are t!ose t!at tend to re&ain in t!e sa&e area o" ocean ,ear a"ter ,ear and not &i#rate "ar "ro& !ere t!e, ere born. .C/ A si#ni"icant t!reat to s!ark 'o'%lations9 in addition to co&&ercial s!ark "is!in#9 is >incidental &ortalit,? t!at res%lts "ro& catc!in# s!arks in nets intended "or ot!er "is!. .3/ Most o" t!e 0%otas desi#ned to 'rotect s!ark 'o'%lations li&it t!e tonna#e o" s!arks t!at can be taken and not t!e n%&ber o" individ%al s!arks. .E/ Since 1HBI co&&ercial s!ark8"is!in# boats !ave %sed so'!isticated electronic e0%i'&ent t!at enables t!e& to locate s!arks it! #reater acc%rac,. Questions 1'-18 6inston: T!e F%blic Trans'ortation A%t!orit, .FTA/ cannot "%l"ill its &andate to o'erate it!o%t a b%d#et de"icit %nless it eli&inates service d%rin# late8ni#!t 'eriods o" lo riders!i'. Since t!e "ares collected d%rin# t!ese 'eriods are less t!an t!e cost o" 'rovidin# t!e service9 t!ese c%ts o%ld red%ce t!e de"icit and s!o%ld be &ade. Transit la 'ro!ibits %na%t!ori)ed "are increases9 and "are8increase a%t!ori)ation o%ld take t o ,ears. Fin#: S%c! service c%ts &i#!t cost t!e FTA &ore in lost "ares t!an t!e, o%ld save in costs9 "or t!e FTA o%ld lose t!ose riders !o leave !o&e d%rin# t!e da, b%t &%st ret%rn late at ni#!t. T!%s t!e FTA o%ld lose t o "ares !ile reali)in# cost savin#s "or onl, one le# o" s%c! tri's. 1A. T!e relations!i' o" Fin#s res'onse to 6instons ar#%&ent is t!at Fin#s res'onse .A/ care"%ll, rede"ines a ter& %sed in 6instons ar#%&ent .1/ 0%estions 6instons 'ro'osal b, raisin# considerations not addressed b, 6inston .C/ s%''lies a 're&ise t!at co%ld !ave been %sed as 'art o" t!e s%''ort "or 6instons ar#%&ent .3/ introd%ces detailed statistical evidence t!at is &ore 'ers%asive t!an t!at o""ered b, 6inston .E/ 'ro'oses a sol%tion to t!e FTAs dile&&a b, contradictin# 6instons concl%sion 1B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts Fin#s concl%sion.A/ 7ver 5< 'ercent o" t!e ro%nd tri's &ade b, FTA riders are eit!er initiated or else co&'leted d%rin# late8ni#!t 'eriods. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G11

.1/ Reliable s%rve, res%lts s!o t!at over C< 'ercent o" t!e FTAs riders o''ose an, c%t in FTA services. .C/ T!e last ti&e t!e FTA 'etitioned "or a 1@ 'ercent "are increase9 t!e 'etition as denied. .3/ T!e FTAs b%d#et de"icit is CI 'ercent lar#er t!is ,ear t!an it as last ,ear. .E/ T!e FTAs b%s drivers recentl, on a ne contract t!at #%arantees t!e& a si#ni"icant cas! bon%s eac! ti&e t!e, ork t!e late8ni#!t s!i"ts. 1H. T!e 4ol%nteer "or Literac, Fro#ra& o%ld bene"it i" 3olores takes 4ictors 'lace as director9 since 3olores is "ar &ore skill"%l t!an 4ictor is at sec%rin# t!e kind o" "inancial s%''ort t!e 'ro#ra& needs and 3olores does not !ave 4ictors 'ro'ensit, "or alienatin# 'ro#ra&s &ost dedicated vol%nteers. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost closel, 'aralleled in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ It o%ld be &ore convenient "or 3o&ini0%e to take a b%s to sc!ool t!an to take t!e s%b a,9 since t!e b%s sto's closer to !er !o%se t!an does t!e s%b a, and9 %nlike t!e s%b a,9 t!e b%s #oes directl, to t!e sc!ool. .1/ Jos!%as interest o%ld be better served b, takin# t!e b%s to #et to !is 'arents !o%se rat!er t!an b, takin# an air'lane9 since !is 'ri&ar, concern is to travel as c!ea'l, as 'ossible and takin# t!e b%s is less e('ensive t!an #oin# b, air'lane. .C/ 1elinda ill #et to t!e concert &ore 0%ickl, b, s%b a, t!an b, ta(i since t!e concert takes 'lace on a $rida, evenin# and on $rida, evenin#s tra""ic near t!e concert !all is e(ce'tionall, !eav,. .3/ Anita o%ld bene"it "inanciall, b, takin# t!e train to ork rat!er t!an drivin# !er car9 since !en s!e drives s!e !as to 'a, 'arkin# "ees and t!e dail, "ee "or 'arkin# a car is !i#!er t!an a ro%nd8tri' train ticket. .E/ It o%ld be to $reds advanta#e to e(c!an#e !is b%s tickets "or train tickets since !e needs to arrive at !is &eetin# be"ore an, o" t!e ot!er 'artici'ants and i" !e #oes b, b%s at least one o" t!e ot!er 'artici'ants ill arrive "irst. 5I. St%dents "ro& o%tside t!e 'rovince o" Markland9 !o in an, #iven acade&ic ,ear 'a, t ice as &%c! t%ition eac! as do st%dents "ro& Markland9 !ad traditionall, acco%nted "or at least t o8t!irds o" t!e enroll&ent at Central Markland Colle#e. 7ver t!e 'ast 1I ,ears acade&ic standards at t!e colle#e !ave risen and t!e 'ro'ortion o" st%dents !o are not Marklanders !as dro''ed to aro%nd CI 'ercent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ I" it !ad not been "or t!e !i#! t%ition 'aid b, st%dents "ro& o%tside Markland9 t!e colle#e co%ld not !ave i&'roved its acade&ic standards over t!e 'ast 1I ,ears. .1/ I" acade&ic standards !ad not risen over t!e 'ast 1I ,ears9 st%dents !o are http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G15

not Marklanders o%ld still acco%nt "or at least t o8t!irds o" t!e colle#es enroll&ent. .C/ 7ver t!e 'ast 1I ,ear t!e n%&ber o" st%dents "ro& Markland increased and t!e n%&ber o" st%dents "ro& o%tside Markland decreased. .3/ 7ver t!e 'ast 1I ,ears acade&ic standards at Central Markland Colle#e !ave risen b, &ore t!an acade&ic standards at an, ot!er colle#e in Markland. .E/ I" t!e colle#es 'er ca'ita reven%e "ro& t%ition !as re&ained t!e sa&e9 t%ition "ees !ave increased over t!e 'ast 1I ,ears. 51. Several ,ears a#o9 as a &eas%re to red%ce t!e 'o'%lation o" #,'s, &ot!s9 !ic! de'end on oak leaves "or "ood9 ento&olo#ists introd%ced into &an, oak "orests a s'ecies o" "%n#%s t!at is 'oisono%s to #,'s, &ot! cater'illars. Since t!en t!e 'o'%lation o" bot! cater'illars and ad%lt &ot!s !as si#ni"icantl, declined in t!ose areas. Ento&olo#ists !ave concl%ded t!at t!e decline is attrib%table to t!e 'resence o" t!e 'oisono%s "%n#%s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e concl%sion dra n b, t!e ento&olo#ists.A/ A strain o" #,'s, &ot! !ose cater'illars are %na""ected b, t!e "%n#%s !as increased its s!are o" t!e total #,'s, &ot! 'o'%lation. .1/ T!e "%n#%s t!at as introd%ced to control t!e #,'s, &ot! 'o'%lation is 'oisono%s to "e insect s'ecies ot!er t!an t!e #,'s, &ot!. .C/ An increase in n%&ber o" bot! #,'s, &ot! cater'illars and #,'s, &ot! ad%lts "ollo ed a dro' in t!e n%&ber o" so&e o" t!e s'ecies t!at 're, on t!e &ot!s. .3/ In t!e 'ast several ,ears9 air 'oll%tion and acid rain !ave been res'onsible "or a s%bstantial decline in oak tree 'o'%lations. .E/ T!e c%rrent decline in t!e #,'s, &ot! 'o'%lation in "orests !ere t!e "%n#%s as introd%ced is no #reater t!an a decline t!at occ%rred conc%rrentl, in ot!er "orests. 55. 3irector o" 'ersonnel: Ms. To%rs !as "or&all, re0%ested a salar, ad+%st&ent on t!e #ro%nds t!at s!e as denied &erit raises to !ic! s!e as entitled. Since s%c! #ro%nds 'rovide a 'ossible basis "or ad+%st&ents9 an o""icial res'onse is re0%ired. Ms. To%rs 'resents co&'ellin# evidence t!at !er +ob 'er"or&ance !as been bot! e(cellent in itsel" and &arkedl, s%'erior to t!at o" ot!ers in !er de'art&ent !o ere a arded &erit raises. :er co&'laint t!at s!e as treated %n"airl, t!%s a''ears +%sti"ied. 2evert!eless9 !er re0%est s!o%ld be denied. To raise Ms. To%rss salar, beca%se o" !er co&'laint o%ld +eo'ardi)e t!e inte#rit, o" t!e "ir&s &erit8 based re ard s,ste& b, sendin# t!e &essa#e t!at e&'lo,ees can #et t!eir salaries raised i" t!e, +%st co&'lain eno%#!. T!e 'ersonnel directors reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1<

.A/ "ails to consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at Ms. Ta%r%ss co&'laint co%ld be !andled on an %no""icial basis .1/ atte&'ts to %nder&ine t!e 'ers%asiveness o" Ms. Ta%r%ss evidence b, c!aracteri)in# it as >&ere co&'lainin#? .C/ sideste's t!e iss%e o" !et!er s%'erior +ob 'er"or&ance is a s%itable basis "or a ardin# salar, increases .3/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at so&e o" t!e 'eo'le !o did receive &erit increases ere not entitled to t!e& .E/ overlooks t!e i&'lications "or t!e inte#rit, o" t!e "ir&s &erit8based re ard s,ste& o" den,in# Ms. To%rss re0%est 5<. S: Feo'le !o are old eno%#! to "i#!t "or t!eir co%ntr, are old eno%#! to vote "or t!e 'eo'le !o &ake decisions abo%t ar and 'eace. T!is #overn&ent clearl, re#ards 1A ,ear olds as old eno%#! to "i#!t9 so it s!o%ld ackno led#e t!eir ri#!t to vote. T: *o%r ar#%&ent is a #ood one onl, to t!e e(tent t!at "i#!tin# and votin# are t!e sa&e kind o" activit,. $i#!tin# ell re0%ires stren#t!9 &%sc%lar coordination9 and in a &odern ar&,9 instant and a%to&atic res'onse to orders. Fer"or&ed res'onsibl,9 votin#9 %nlike "i#!tin#9 is essentiall, a deliberative activit, re0%irin# reasonin# 'o er and kno led#e o" bot! !istor, and !%&an nat%re. T res'onds to Ss ar#%&ent b, .A/ citin# evidence overlooked b, S t!at o%ld !ave s%''orted Ss concl%sion .1/ callin# into 0%estion Ss %nderstandin# o" t!e conce't o" ri#!ts .C/ s!o in# t!at S !as i#nored t!e distinction bet een !avin# a ri#!t to do so&et!in# and !avin# an obli#ation to do t!at t!in# .3/ c!allen#in# t!e tr%t! o" a clai& on !ic! Ss concl%sion is based .E/ ar#%in# "or a concl%sion o''osite to t!e one dra n b, S 5C. T!e role o" t!e ='landian s%'re&e co%rt is to 'rotect all !%&an ri#!ts a#ainst ab%ses o" #overn&ent 'o er. Since t!e constit%tion o" ='landia is not e('licit abo%t all !%&an ri#!ts9 t!e s%'re&e co%rt &%st so&eti&es resort to 'rinci'les o%tside t!e e('licit 'rovisions o" t!e constit%tion in +%sti",in# its decisions. :o ever9 !%&an ri#!ts ill be s%b+ect to t!e !i& o" !oever !olds +%dicial 'o er %nless t!e s%'re&e co%rt is bo%nd to ad!ere to a sin#le ob+ective standard9 na&el,9 t!e constit%tion. T!ere"ore9 not!in# b%t t!e e('licit 'rovisions o" t!e constit%tion can be %sed to +%sti", t!e co%rts decisions. Since t!ese concl%sions are inconsistent it! eac! ot!er9 it cannot be tr%e t!at t!e role o" t!e ='landian s%'re&e co%rt is to 'rotect all !%&an ri#!ts a#ainst ab%ses o" #overn&ent 'o er. T!e reasonin# t!at leads to t!e concl%sion t!at t!e "irst sentence in t!e 'assa#e is "alse is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ i#nores data t!at o""er reasonable s%''ort "or a #eneral clai& and "oc%ses on a sin#le e(a&'le t!at ar#%es a#ainst t!at clai& http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1C

.1/ seeks to de"end a vie on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e vie is idel, !eld and t!e decisions based on t!at vie are o"ten acce'ted as correct .C/ re+ects a clai& as "alse on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!ose !o &ake t!at clai& co%ld 'ro"it i" t!at clai& is acce'ted b, ot!ers .3/ &akers an %n arranted ass%&'tion t!at !at is tr%e o" eac! &e&ber o" a #ro%' taken se'aratel, is also tr%e o" t!e #ro%' as a !ole .E/ concl%des t!at a 'artic%lar 're&ise is "alse !en it is e0%all, 'ossible "or t!at 're&ise to be tr%e and so&e ot!er 're&ise "alse SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!e 'ainted s'ider s'ins ebs t!at are &%c! stickier t!an t!e ebs s'%n b, t!e ot!er s'ecies o" s'iders t!at s!are t!e sa&e !abitat. Stickler ebs are &ore e""icient at tra''in# insects t!at "l, into t!e&. S'iders 're, on insects b, tra''in# t!e& in t!eir ebs t!ere"ore. It can be concl%ded t!at t!e 'ainted s'ider is a &ore s%ccess"%l 'redator t!an its co&'etitors. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 2ot all o" t!e s'ecies o" insects livin# in t!e 'ainted s'iders !abitat are "l,in# insects. .1/ 1%tter"lies and &ot!s !ic! can s!ed scales are es'eciall, %nlikel, to be tra''ed b, s'ider ebs t!at are not ver, stick,. .C/ Alt!o%#! t!e 'ainted s'iders veno& does not kill insects 0%ickl,9 it 'aral,)es t!e& al&ost instantaneo%sl,. .3/ Stickier ebs re"lect &ore li#!t and so are &ore visible to insects t!an are less8stick, ebs. .E/ T!e ebs s'%n b, t!e 'ainted s'ider are no lar#er t!an t!e ebs s'%n b, t!e ot!er s'ecies o" s'iders in t!e sa&e !abitat.

5.

3es'ite t!e best e""orts o" astrono&ers9 no one !as ,et s%cceeded in e(c!an#in# &essa#es it! intelli#ent li"e on ot!er 'lanets or in ot!er solar s,ste&s. In "act9 no one !as even &ana#ed to 'rove t!at an, kind o" e(traterrestrial li"e e(ists. T!%s9 t!ere is clearl, no intelli#ent li"e an, !ere b%t on Eart!. T!e ar#%&ents reasonin# is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ "ails to consider t!at t!ere &i#!t be e(traterrestrial "or&s o" intelli#ence t!at are not livin# bein#s .1/ con"%ses an absence o" evidence "or a !,'ot!esis it! t!e e(istence o" evidence a#ainst t!e !,'ot!esis .C/ inter'rets a disa#ree&ent over a scienti"ic t!eor, as a dis'roo" o" t!at t!eor, .3/ &akes an in"erence t!at relies on t!e va#%eness o" t!e ter& >li"e? http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1@

.E/ relies on a eak analo#, rat!er t!an on evidence to dra a concl%sion Questions 3-4 1art: A &at!e&atical 'roble& t!at de"ied sol%tion "or !%ndreds o" ,ears !as "inall, ,ielded to a s%'erco&'%ter. T!e 'rocess b, !ic! t!e s%'erco&'%ter derived t!e res%lt is so co&'le(9 !o ever9 t!at no one can "%ll, co&'re!end it. Conse0%entl,9 t!e res%lt is %nacce'table. Anne: In scienti"ic researc! i" t!e res%lts o" a test can be re'licated in ot!er tests9 t!e res%lts are acce'table even t!o%#! t!e a, t!e, ere derived &i#!t not be "%ll, %nderstood. T!ere"ore9 i" a &at!e&atical res%lt derived b, a s%'erco&'%ter can be re'rod%ced b, ot!er s%'erco&'%ters "ollo in# t!e sa&e 'roced%re9 it is acce'table. <. 1arts ar#%&ent re0%ires !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ T!e &at!e&atical res%lt in 0%estion is %nacce'table beca%se it as derived it! t!e %se o" a s%'erco&'%ter. .1/ $or t!e &at!e&atical res%lt in 0%estion to be acce'table9 t!ere &%st be so&eone !o can "%ll, co&'re!end t!e 'rocess b, !ic! it as derived. .C/ To be acce'table9 t!e &at!e&atical res%lt in 0%estion &%st be re'rod%ced on anot!er s%'erco&'%ter. .3/ Makin# t!e &at!e&atical res%lt in 0%estion less co&'le( o%ld #%arantee its acce'tabilit,. .E/ T!e s%'erco&'%ter cannot derive an acce'table sol%tion to t!e &at!e&atical 'roble& in 0%estion. C. T!e e(c!an#e bet een 1art and Anne &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e vie t!at t!e, disa#ree as to .A/ !et!er a scienti"ic res%lt t!at !as not been re'licated can 'ro'erl, be acce'ted .1/ !et!er t!e res%lt t!at a s%'erco&'%ter derives "or a &at!e&atical 'roble& &%st be re'licated on anot!er s%'erco&'%ter be"ore it can be acce'ted .C/ t!e criterion to be %sed "or acce'tin# a &at!e&atical res%lt derived b, a s%'erco&'%ter .3/ t!e level o" co&'le(it, o" t!e 'rocess to !ic! 1art re"ers in !is state&ents .E/ t!e relative co&'le(it, o" &at!e&atical 'roble&s as co&'ared to scienti"ic 'roble&s @. It is co&&onl, !eld a&on# &arketin# e('erts t!at in a none('andin# &arket a co&'an,s best strate#, is to #o a"ter a bi##er s!are o" t!e &arket and t!at t!e best a, to do t!is is to r%n co&'arative advertise&ents t!at e&'!asi)e eaknesses in t!e 'rod%cts o" rivals. In t!e sta#nant &arket "or "ood oil9 so,bean8 oil and 'al&8oil 'rod%cers did a#e a t o8,ear battle it! co&'arative advertise&ents abo%t t!e deleterio%s e""ect on !ealt! o" eac! ot!ers 'rod%cts. T!ese ca&'ai#ns9 !o ever9 !ad little e""ect on res'ective &arket s!aresD rat!er9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1G

t!e, sto''ed &an, 'eo'le "ro& b%,in# an, edible oils at all. T!e state&ents above &ost stron#l, s%''ort t!e concl%sion t!at co&'arative advertise&ents .A/ increase a co&'an,s &arket s!are in all cases in !ic! t!at co&'an,s 'rod%cts are clearl, s%'erior to t!e 'rod%cts o" rivals .1/ s!o%ld not be %sed in a &arket t!at is e('andin# or likel, to e('and .C/ s!o%ld %nder no circ%&stances be %sed as a retaliator, &eas%re .3/ carr, t!e risk o" ca%sin# a contraction o" t!e &arket at !ic! t!e, are ai&ed .E/ ,ield no lon#8ter& #ains %nless cons%&ers can easil, veri", t!e clai&s &ade G. Recent %ne('ectedl, !eav, rain"alls in t!e &etro'olitan area !ave "illed t!e reservoirs and strea&sD ater rationin#9 t!ere"ore9 ill not be necessar, t!is s%&&er. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost %nder&ines t!e a%t!ors 'rediction.A/ 6ater rationin# as i&'osed in t!e cit, in t!ree o" t!e last "ive ,ears. .1/ A s&all 'art o" t!e cit,s ater s%''l, is obtained "ro& dee' %nder#ro%nd ater s,ste&s t!at are not reac!ed b, rain ater. .C/ T!e ater co&'an,s ca'acit, to '%&' ater to c%sto&ers !as not ke't %' it! t!e increased de&and created b, 'o'%lation #ro t! in t!e &etro'olitan area. .3/ T!e lon#8ran#e eat!er "orecast 'redicts lo er8t!an8avera#e te&'erat%res "or t!is s%&&er. .E/ In &ost ,ears t!e cit, receives less total 'reci'itation in t!e s%&&er t!an it receives in an, ot!er season. A. Jo!n: In BI 'ercent o" car accidents t!e driver at "a%lt as it!in "ive &iles o" !o&e9 so 'eo'le evidentl, drive less sa"el, near !o&e t!an t!e, do on lon# tri's. J%d,: 1%t 'eo'le do BI 'ercent o" t!eir drivin# it!in "ive &iles o" !o&e. :o is J%d,s res'onse related to Jo!ns ar#%&ent.A/ It s!o s t!at t!e evidence t!at Jo!n 'resents b, itsel" is not eno%#! to 'rove !is clai&. .1/ It restates t!e evidence t!at Jo!n 'resents in di""erent ter&s. .C/ It #ives additional evidence t!at is needed b, Jo!n to s%''ort !is concl%sion. .3/ It calls into 0%estion Jo!ns ass%&'tion t!at !enever 'eo'le drive &ore t!an "ive &iles "ro& !o&e t!e, are #oin# on a lon# tri'. .E/ It s%##ests t!at Jo!ns concl%sion is &erel, a restate&ent o" !is ar#%&ents 're&ise. B. Reasonable 'eo'le ada't t!e&selves to t!e orld: %nreasonable 'eo'le 'ersist in tr,in# to ada't t!e orld to t!e&selves. T!ere"ore9 all 'ro#ress de'ends on %nreasonable 'eo'le. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1A

I" all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents &%st also be tr%e.A/ Reasonable 'eo'le and %nreasonable 'eo'le are inco&'atible. .1/ I" t!ere are onl, reasonable 'eo'le t!ere cannot be 'ro#ress. .C/ I" t!ere are %nreasonable 'eo'le t!ere ill be 'ro#ress. .3/ So&e %nreasonable 'eo'le are %nable to brin# abo%t 'ro#ress. .E/ =nreasonable 'eo'le are &ore 'ersistent t!an reasonable 'eo'le. H. T!eater critic: T!e t!eater is in a dis&al state. A%diences are s'arse and reven%e is do n. 6it!o%t t!e a%dience and t!e reven%e9 t!e talented and creative 'eo'le !o are t!e li"eblood o" t!e t!eater are abandonin# it. 2o onder standards are deterioratin#. Frod%cer: Its not tr%e t!at t!e t!eater is in decline. 3ont ,o% reali)e t!at ,o%r co&&ents constit%te a sel"8"%l"illin# 'ro'!ec,- 1, '%blis!in# t!ese o'inions9 ,o% ,o%rsel" are disco%ra#in# ne a%diences "ro& e&er#in# and ne talent "ro& +oinin# t!e t!eater. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 0%estionable tec!ni0%e e&'lo,ed b, t!e 'rod%cer in res'ondin# to t!e critic.A/ "oc%sin# on t!e e""ects o" t!e critics eval%ation rat!er t!an on its content .1/ acc%sin# t!e critic o" rel,in# solel, on o'inion %ns%''orted b, "act%al evidence .C/ c!allen#in# t!e &otives be!ind t!e critics re&arks rat!er t!an t!e re&arks t!e&selves .3/ rel,in# on e&'!asis rat!er t!an on ar#%&ent .E/ invokin# a%t!orit, in order to inti&idate t!e critic 1I. Mic!elan#elos si(teent!8cent%r, Sistine C!a'el 'aintin#s are c%rrentl, bein# restored. A #oal o" t!e restorers is to %ncover Mic!elan#elos ori#inal ork9 and so additions &ade to Mic!elan#elos 'aintin#s b, later artists are bein# re&oved. :o ever9 t!e restorers !ave decided to &ake one e(ce'tion: to leave intact additions t!at ere 'ainted b, da 4olterra. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to reconcile t!e restorers decision it! t!e #oal stated in t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e restorers believe t!at da 4olterra stri''ed a a, all 'revio%s la,ers o" 'aint be"ore !e 'ainted !is o n additions to t!e Sistine C!a'el. .1/ 1eca%se da 4olterra %sed a t,'e o" 'i#&ent t!at is es'eciall, sensitive to li#!t9 t!e additions to t!e Sistine C!a'el t!at ad 4olterra 'ainted !ave relativel, &%ted colors. .C/ 3a 4olterras additions ere 'ainted in a st,le t!at as si&ilar to t!e st,le %sed b, Mic!elan#elo. .3/ Mic!elan#elo is "a&o%s 'ri&aril, "or !is sc%l't%res and onl, secondaril, "or http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1B

!is 'aintin#s9 !ereas da 4olterra is kno n e(cl%sivel, "or !is 'aintin#s. .E/ 3a 4olterras ork is considered b, certain art !istorians to be +%st as val%able as t!e ork o" additions to Mic!elan#elos ork. 11. A controversial 'ro#ra& re ards 'rison in&ates !o be!ave 'artic%larl, ell in 'rison b, #ivin# t!e& t!e c!ance to receive "ree cos&etic 'lastic s%r#er, 'er"or&ed b, &edical st%dents. T!e 'ro#ra& is obvio%sl, &orall, 0%estionable9 bot! in its ass%&'tions abo%t !at in&ates &i#!t ant and in its %se o" t!e 'rison 'o'%lation to train "%t%re s%r#eons. F%ttin# t!ese &oral iss%es aside9 !o ever9 t!e s%r#er, clearl, !as a 'o er"%l re!abilitative e""ect as is s!o n b, t!e "act t!at9 a&on# reci'ients o" t!e s%r#er,9 t!e 'ro'ortion !o are convicted o" ne cri&es co&&itted a"ter release is onl, !al" t!at "or t!e 'rison 'o'%lation as a !ole. A "la in t!e reasonin# o" t!e 'assa#e is t!at it .A/ allo s &oral iss%es to be a consideration in 'resentin# evidence abo%t &atters o" "act .1/ dis&isses &oral considerations on t!e #ro%nds t!at onl, &atters o" "act are relevant .C/ labels t!e 'ro#ra& as >controversial? instead o" disc%ssin# t!e iss%es t!at #ive rise to controvers, .3/ asserts t!at t!e re!abilitation o" cri&inals is not a &oral iss%e .E/ relies on evidence dra n "ro& a sa&'le t!at t!ere is reason to believe is %nre'resentative 15. T!e retina scanner9 a &ac!ine t!at scans t!e eb o" tin, blood vessels in t!e retina9 stores in"or&ation abo%t t!e 'attern "or&ed b, t!e blood vessels. T!is in"or&ation allo s it to reco#ni)e an, 'attern it !as 'revio%sl, scanned. 2o t o e,es !ave identical 'atterns o" blood vessels in t!e retina. A retina scanner can t!ere"ore be %sed s%ccess"%ll, to deter&ine "or an, 'erson !et!er it !as ever scanned a retina o" t!at 'erson be"ore. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent de'ends %'on ass%&in# t!at .A/ diseases o" t!e !%&an e,e do not alter t!e 'attern o" blood vessels in t!e retina in a,s t!at o%ld &ake t!e 'attern %nreco#ni)able to t!e retina scanner .1/ no 'erson !as a di""erent 'attern o" blood vessels in t!e retina o" t!e le"t e,e t!an in t!e retina o" t!e ri#!t e,e .C/ t!ere are eno%#! retina scanners to store in"or&ation abo%t ever, 'ersons retinas .3/ t!e n%&ber o" blood vessels in t!e !%&an retina is invariant alt!o%#! t!e 'atterns t!e, "or& di""er "ro& 'erson to 'erson .E/ t!ere is no 'erson !ose retinas !ave been scanned b, t o or &ore di""erent retina scanners

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G1H

1<. T!ere are +%st t o a,s a &oon co%ld !ave been "or&ed "ro& t!e 'lanet aro%nd !ic! it travels: eit!er 'art o" t!e 'lanets o%ter s!ell s'%n o"" into orbit aro%nd t!e 'lanet or else a lar#e ob+ect9 s%c! as a co&et or &eteoroid str%ck t!e 'lanet so violentl, t!at it dislod#ed a &ass o" &aterial "ro& inside t!e 'lanet. Eart!s &oon consists 'ri&aril, o" &aterials di""erent "ro& t!ose o" t!e Eart!s o%ter s!ell. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" also tr%e9 o%ld &ost !el' to +%sti", dra in# t!e concl%sion t!at Eart!s &oon as not "or&ed "ro& a 'iece o" t!e Eart!.A/ T!e &oons o" so&e 'lanets in Eart!s solar s,ste& ere not "or&ed 'ri&aril, "ro& t!e 'lanets o%ter s!ells. .1/ Eart!s &oon consists 'ri&aril, o" ele&ents t!at di""er "ro& t!ose inside t!e Eart!. .C/ Eart!s #ravit, cannot !ave tra''ed a &eteoroid and '%lled it into orbit as t!e Moon. .3/ T!e craters on t!e s%r"ace o" Eart!s &oon s!o t!at it !as been str%ck b, &an, t!o%sands o" lar#e &eteoroids. .E/ Co&ets and lar#e &eteoroids nor&all, &ove at ver, !i#! s'eeds. 1C. Ca""eine can kill or in!ibit t!e #ro t! o" t!e larvae o" several s'ecies o" insects. 7ne recent e('eri&ent s!o ed t!at tobacco !orn or& larvae die !en t!e, in#est a 're'aration t!at consists in 'art o" "inel, 'o dered tea leaves !ic! contain ca""eine. T!is res%lt is evidence "or t!e !,'ot!esis t!at t!e 'resence o" non8ne#li#ible 0%antities o" ca""eine in vario%s 'arts o" &an, diverse s'ecies o" 'lants is not accidental b%t evolved as a de"ense "or t!ose 'lants. T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es t!at .A/ ca""eine8'rod%cin# 'lants are an i&'ortant ra &aterial in t!e &an%"act%re o" co&&ercial insecticides .1/ ca""eine is stored in leaves and ot!er 'arts o" ca""eine8'rod%cin# 'lants in concentrations ro%#!l, e0%al to t!e ca""eine concentration o" t!e 're'aration "ed to t!e tobacco !orn or& larvae .C/ ca""eine8'rod%cin# 'lants #ro !erever insect larvae 'ose a &a+or t!reat to indi#eno%s 'lants or once 'osed a &a+or t!reat to t!e ancestors o" t!ose 'lants .3/ t!e tobacco 'lant is a&on# t!e 'lant s'ecies t!at 'rod%ce ca""eine "or t!eir o n de"ense .E/ ca""eine8'rod%cin# 'lants or t!eir ancestors !ave at so&e ti&e been s%b+ect to bein# "ed %'on b, creat%res sensitive to ca""eine 1@. T!e onl, 'lants in t!e #arden ere t%li's9 b%t t!e, ere tall t%li's. So t!e onl, 'lants in t!e #arden ere tall 'lants. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(!ibits "a%lt, reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!e "a%lt, reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent abovehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5I

.A/ T!e onl, do#s in t!e s!o ere 'oodles and t!e, ere all black 'oodles. So all t!e do#s in t!e s!o ere black. .1/ All t!e b%ildin#s on t!e block ere tall. T!e onl, b%ildin#s on t!e block ere o""ice b%ildin#s and residential to ers. So all t!e o""ice b%ildin#s on t!e block ere tall b%ildin#s. .C/ All t!e 'ri&ates in t!e )oo ere #orillas. T!e onl, #orillas in t!e )oo ere s&all #orillas. T!%s t!e onl, 'ri&ates in t!e )oo ere s&all 'ri&ates. .3/ T!e onl, "r%it in t!e kitc!en as 'ears b%t t!e 'ears ere not ri'e. T!%s none o" t!e "r%it in t!e kitc!en as ri'e. .E/ All t!e #rand 'ianos !ere are lar#e. All t!e #rand 'ianos !ere are !eav,. T!%s ever,t!in# lar#e is !eav,. 1G. Scienti"ic researc! ill be 'ro'erl, c!anneled !enever t!ose !o decide !ic! researc! to "%nd #ive d%e ei#!t to t!e scienti"ic &erits o" all 'ro'osed researc!. 1%t !en #overn&ent a#encies control t!ese "%ndin# decisions9 'olitical considerations 'la, a &a+or role in deter&inin# !ic! researc! ill be "%nded9 and !enever 'olitical considerations 'la, s%c! a role9 t!e inevitable res%lt is t!at scienti"ic researc! is not 'ro'erl, c!anneled. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ T!ere is no 'ro'er role "or 'olitical considerations to 'la, in deter&inin# !o ill decide !ic! scienti"ic researc! to "%nd. .1/ It is inevitable t!at considerations o" scienti"ic &erit ill be ne#lected in decisions re#ardin# t!e "%ndin# o" scienti"ic researc!. .C/ Givin# 'olitical considerations a &a+or role in deter&inin# !ic! scienti"ic researc! to "%nd is inco&'atible it! #ivin# 'ro'er ei#!t to t!e scienti"ic &erits o" 'ro'osed researc!. .3/ 6!en scienti"ic researc! is not 'ro'erl, c!anneled9 #overn&ents tend to ste' in and take control o" t!e 'rocess o" c!oosin# !ic! researc! to "%nd. .E/ I" a #overn&ent does not control invest&ent in basic scienti"ic researc!9 'olitical consideration ill inevitabl, be ne#lected in decidin# !ic! researc! to "%nd. 1A. A ne silencin# device "or do&estic a''liances o'erates b, 'rod%cin# so%nd aves t!at cancel o%t t!e so%nd aves 'rod%ced b, t!e a''liance. T!e device9 %nlike conventional silencers9 activel, eli&inates t!e noise t!e a''liance &akes9 and "or t!at reason vac%%& cleaners desi#ned to incor'orate t!e ne device ill o'erate it! &%c! lo er electricit, cons%&'tion t!an conventional vac%%& cleaners. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain !, t!e ne silencin# device ill &ake lo er electricit, cons%&'tion 'ossible.A/ 3esi#ners o" vac%%& cleaner &otors t,'icall, !ave to co&'ro&ise t!e &otors e""icienc, in order to red%ce noise 'rod%ction. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G51

.1/ T!e device r%ns on electricit, dra n "ro& t!e a''liances &ain 'o er s%''l,. .C/ Conventional vac%%& cleaners o"ten %se s'innin# br%s!es to loosen dirt in addition to %sin# s%ction to re&ove dirt. .3/ Govern&ental standards "or s%c! do&estic a''liances as vac%%& cleaners allo !i#!er electricit, cons%&'tion !en vac%%& cleaners are 0%ieter. .E/ T!e need to incor'orate silencers in conventional vac%%& cleaners &akes t!e& !eavier and less &obile t!an t!e, &i#!t ot!er ise be. 1B. 1eca%se dinosa%rs ere re'tiles9 scientists once ass%&ed t!at9 like all re'tiles alive toda,9 dinosa%rs ere cold8blooded. T!e recent discover, o" dinosa%r "ossils in t!e nort!ern arctic9 !o ever9 !as led a n%&ber o" researc!ers to concl%de t!at at least so&e dinosa%rs &i#!t !ave been ar&8blooded. T!ese researc!ers 'oint o%t t!at onl, ar&8blooded ani&als co%ld !ave it!stood t!e "ri#id te&'erat%res t!at are c!aracteristic o" arctic inters9 !ereas cold8blooded ani&als o%ld !ave "ro)en to deat! in t!e e(tre&e cold. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e researc!ers ar#%&ent.A/ Toda,s re'tiles are #enerall, con"ined to re#ions o" te&'erate or even tro'ical cli&ates. .1/ T!e "ossils s!o t!e arctic dinosa%rs to !ave been s%bstantiall, s&aller t!an ot!er kno n s'ecies o" dinosa%rs. .C/ T!e arctic dinosa%r "ossils ere "o%nd alon#side "ossils o" 'lants kno n "or t!eir abilit, to it!stand e(tre&el, cold te&'erat%res. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" "ossils "o%nd to#et!er indicates !erds o" dinosa%rs so lar#e t!at t!e, o%ld need to &i#rate to "ind a contin%al "ood s%''l,. .E/ E('erts on 're!istoric cli&atic conditions believe t!at inter te&'erat%res in t!e 're!istoric nort!ern arctic ere not si#ni"icantl, di""erent "ro& !at t!e, are toda,. Questions 19-!0 Maria: Callin# an, state totalitarian is &isleadin#: it i&'lies total state control o" all as'ects o" li"e. T!e real orld contains no 'olitical entit, e(ercisin# literall, total control over even one s%c! as'ect. T!is is beca%se an, s,ste& o" control is ine""icient9 and9 t!ere"ore9 its de#ree o" control is 'artial. Ja&es: A one8'art, state t!at !as tried to e(ercise control over &ost as'ects o" a societ, and t!at !as9 broadl, s'eakin#9 &ana#ed to do so is totalitarian. S%c! a s,ste&s 'ractical ine""iciencies do not li&it t!e a'tness o" t!e ter&9 !ic! does not describe a states act%al de#ree o" control as &%c! as it describes t!e nat%re o" a states a&bitions. 1H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses Marias &ain concl%sion.A/ 2o state can be called totalitarian it!o%t invitin# a &istaken belie". http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G55

.1/ To be totalitarian a state &%st totall, control societ,. .C/ T!e de#ree o" control e(ercised b, a state is necessaril, 'artial. .3/ 2o e(istin# state c%rrentl, !as even one as'ect o" societ, %nder total control. .E/ S,ste&s o" control are inevitabl, ine""icient. 5I. Ja&es res'onds to Marias ar#%&ent b, .A/ 'ointin# o%t a lo#ical inconsistenc, bet een t o state&ents s!e &akes in s%''ort o" !er ar#%&ent .1/ o""erin# an alternative e('lanation "or 'olitical conditions s!e &entions .C/ re+ectin# so&e o" t!e evidence s!e 'resents it!o%t c!allen#in# !at s!e in"ers "ro& it .3/ dis'%tin# t!e conditions %nder !ic! a ke, ter& o" !er ar#%&ent can be a''ro'riatel, a''lied .E/ de&onstratin# t!at !er o n 're&ises lead to a concl%sion di""erent "ro& !ers 51. T!e si&ilarit, bet een ic!t!,osa%rs and "is! is an e(a&'le o" conver#ence9 a 'rocess b, !ic! di""erent classes o" or#anis&s ada't to t!e sa&e environ&ent b, inde'endentl, develo'in# one or &ore si&ilar e(ternal bod, "eat%res. Ic!t!,osa%rs ere &arine re'tiles and t!%s do not belon# to t!e sa&e class o" or#anis&s as "is!. :o ever9 ic!t!,osa%rs ada'ted to t!eir &arine environ&ent b, conver#in# on e(ternal bod, "eat%res si&ilar to t!ose o" "is!. Most strikin#l,9 ic!t!,osa%rs9 like "is!9 !ad "ins. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an in"erence t!at can be 'ro'erl, dra n on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ T!e &e&bers o" a sin#le class o" or#anis&s t!at in!abit t!e sa&e environ&ent &%st be identical in all t!eir e(ternal bod, "eat%res. .1/ T!e &e&bers o" a sin#le class o" or#anis&s &%st e(!ibit one or &ore si&ilar e(ternal bod, "eat%res t!at di""erentiate t!at class "ro& all ot!er classes o" or#anis&s. .C/ It is onl, as a res%lt o" ada'tation to si&ilar environ&ents t!at one class o" or#anis&s develo's e(ternal bod, "eat%res si&ilar to t!ose o" anot!er class o" or#anis&s. .3/ An or#anis& does not necessaril, belon# to a class si&'l, beca%se t!e or#anis& !as one or &ore e(ternal bod, "eat%res si&ilar to t!ose o" &e&bers o" t!at class. .E/ 6!enever t o classes o" or#anis&s s!are t!e sa&e environ&ent9 &e&bers o" one class ill di""er "ro& &e&bers o" t!e ot!er class in several e(ternal bod, "eat%res. 55. $%rt!er evidence bearin# on Ja&isons activities &%st !ave co&e to li#!t. 7n t!e basis o" 'revio%sl, available evidence alone9 it o%ld !ave been i&'ossible to 'rove t!at Ja&ison as a 'art, to t!e "ra%d9 and Ja&isons active involve&ent in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5<

t!e "ra%d !as no been de"initivel, establis!ed. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# e(!ibited in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at e(!ibited in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ S&it! &%st not !ave '%rc!ased !is !o%se it!in t!e last ,ear. :e is listed as t!e o ner o" t!at !o%se on t!e old list o" 'ro'ert, o ners and an,one on t!e old list co%ld not !ave '%rc!ased !is or !er 'ro'ert, it!in t!e last ,ear. .1/ T%rner &%st not !ave taken !er %s%al train to 2antes toda,. :ad s!e done so9 s!e co%ld not !ave been in 2antes %ntil t!is a"ternoon9 b%t s!e as seen !avin# co""ee in 2antes at 11 oclock t!is &ornin#. .C/ 2o"ris &%st !ave lied !en s!e said t!at s!e !ad not a%t!ori)ed t!e investi#ation. T!ere is no do%bt t!at s!e did a%t!ori)e it9 and a%t!ori)in# and investi#ation is not so&et!in# an,one is likel, to !ave "or#otten. .3/ 6a%#! &%st !ave kno n t!at last ni#!ts class as canceled. 6a%#! as in t!e librar, ,esterda, and it o%ld !ave been i&'ossible "or an,one in t!e librar, not to !ave seen t!e cancellation notices. .E/ La$orte &%st !ave dee'l, resented bein# 'assed over "or 'ro&otion. :e &aintains ot!er ise9 b%t onl, so&eone !o "elt badl, treated o%ld !ave &ade t!e kind o" re&ark La$orte &ade at ,esterda,s &eetin#. 5<. Re'ortin# on a civil ar9 a +o%rnalist enco%ntered evidence t!at re"%#ees ere starvin# beca%se t!e #overn&ent o%ld not 'er&it "ood s!i'&ents to a rebel8!eld area. Govern&ent censors deleted all &ention o" t!e #overn&ents role in t!e starvation "ro& t!e +o%rnalists re'ort !ic! !ad not i&'licated eit!er nat%re or t!e rebels in t!e starvation. T!e +o%rnalist concl%ded t!at it as et!icall, 'er&issible to "ile t!e censored re'ort beca%se t!e +o%rnalists ne s a#enc, o%ld 'recede it it! t!e notice >Cleared b, #overn&ent censors.? 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# et!ical criteria9 i" valid9 o%ld serve to s%''ort t!e +o%rnalists concl%sion !ile 'lacin# t!e least constraint on t!e "lo o" re'orted in"or&ation.A/ It is et!ical in #eneral to re'ort kno n "acts b%t %net!ical to do so !ile o&ittin# ot!er kno n "acts i" t!e o&itted "acts o%ld s%bstantiall, alter an i&'ression o" a 'erson or instit%tion t!at o%ld be con#r%ent it! t!e re'orted "acts. .1/ In a sit%ation o" con"lict9 it is et!ical to re'ort kno n "acts and %net!ical to "ail to re'ort kno n "acts t!at o%ld tend to e(onerate one 'art, to t!e con"lict. .C/ In a sit%ation o" censors!i'9 it is %net!ical &ake an, re'ort i" t!e #overn&ent re'resented b, t!e censor deletes "ro& t!e re'ort &aterial %n"avorable to t!at #overn&ent. .3/ It is et!ical in #eneral to re'ort kno n "acts b%t %net!ical to &ake a re'ort in a sit%ation o" censors!i' i" relevant "acts !ave been deleted b, t!e censor %nless t!e reci'ient o" t!e re'ort is arned t!at censors!i' e(isted. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5C

.E/ Alt!o%#! it is et!ical in #eneral to re'ort kno n "acts9 it is %net!ical to &ake a re'ort "ro& !ic! a censor !as deleted relevant "acts9 %nless t!e reci'ient o" t!e re'ort is arned t!at t!ere as censors!i' and t!e re'orted "acts do not b, t!e&selves #ive a &isleadin# i&'ression. 5C. A birt! is &ore like to be di""ic%lt !en t!e &ot!er is over t!e a#e o" CI t!an !en s!e is ,o%n#er. Re#ardless o" t!e &ot!ers a#e9 a 'erson !ose birt! as di""ic%lt is &ore likel, to be a&bide(tro%s t!an is a 'erson !ose birt! as not di""ic%lt. Since ot!er ca%ses o" a&bide(terit, are not related to t!e &ot!ers a#e9 t!ere &%st be &ore a&bide(tro%s 'eo'le !o ere born to o&en over CI t!an t!ere are a&bide(tro%s 'eo'le !o ere born to ,o%n#er o&en. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It ass%&es !at it sets o%t to establis!. .1/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at "e er c!ildren are born to o&en over CI t!an to o&en %nder CI. .C/ It "ails to s'eci", !at 'ercenta#e o" 'eo'le in t!e 'o'%lation as a !ole are a&bide(tro%s. .3/ It does not state !o old a c!ild &%st be be"ore its !andedness can be deter&ined. .E/ It ne#lects to e('lain !o di""ic%lties d%rin# birt! can res%lt in a c!ilds a&bide(terit,. Questions !5-!& T!e #overn&ent !as no ri#!t to ta( earnin#s "ro& labor. Ta(ation o" t!is kind re0%ires t!e laborer to devote a certain 'ercenta#e o" !o%rs orked to earnin# &one, "or t!e #overn&ent. T!%s9 s%c! ta(ation "orces t!e laborer to ork9 in 'art9 "or anot!ers '%r'ose. Since invol%ntar, servit%de can be de"ined as "orced ork "or anot!ers '%r'ose9 +%st as invol%ntar, servit%de is 'ernicio%s9 so is ta(in# earnin#s "ro& labor. 5@. T!e ar#%&ent %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative tec!ni0%es.A/ derivin# a #eneral 'rinci'le abo%t t!e ri#!ts o" individ%als "ro& a +%d#&ent concernin# t!e obli#ations o" #overn&ents .1/ in"errin# !at ill be ti&e case &erel, "ro& a descri'tion o" !at once as t!e case .C/ in"errin# t!at since t o instit%tions are si&ilar in one res'ect t!e, are si&ilar in anot!er res'ect .3/ citin# t!e a%t!orit, o" an econo&ic t!eor, in order to +%sti", a &oral 'rinci'le .E/ 'res%''osin# t!e inevitabilit, o" a !ierarc!ical class s,ste& in order to o''ose a #iven econo&ic 'ractice 5G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an error o" reasonin# co&&itted b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It i#nores a di""erence in !o t!e idea o" "orced ork "or anot!ers '%r'ose http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5@

a''lies to t!e t o cases. .1/ It does not take into acco%nt t!e "act t!at labor is ta(ed at di""erent rates de'endin# on inco&e. .C/ It &istakenl, ass%&es t!at all ork is ta(ed. .3/ It i#nores t!e "act t!at t!e #overn&ent also ta(es inco&e "ro& invest&ent. .E/ It treats de"initions as i" t!e, ere &atters o" s%b+ective o'inion rat!er t!an ob+ective "acts abo%t lan#%a#e.

TEST 20
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

6!en 'oliticians resort to 'ersonal attacks9 &an, editorialists critici)e t!ese attacks b%t &ost voters 'a, t!e& scant attention. Ever,one kno s s%c! attacks ill end a"ter election da,9 and 'oliticians can be e(c%sed "or &%dslin#in#. Folitical co&&entators9 !o ever9 cannot be. Folitical co&&entators s!o%ld be en#a#ed in s%stained and serio%s debate abo%t ideas and 'olicies. In s%c! a conte(t 'ersonal attacks on o''onents serve not to beat t!ose o''onents b%t to c%t o"" t!e debate. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, states t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Fersonal attacks on o''onents serve a %se"%l '%r'ose "or 'oliticians. .1/ Folitical co&&entators s!o%ld not resort to 'ersonal attacks on t!eir o''onents. .C/ Editorialists are ri#!t to critici)e 'oliticians !o resort to 'ersonal attacks on t!eir o''onents. .3/ T!e '%r'ose o" serio%s debate abo%t ideas and 'olicies is to co%nteract t!e e""ect o" 'ersonal attacks b, 'oliticians. .E/ 4oters s!o%ld be concerned abo%t t!e 'ersonal attacks 'oliticians &ake on eac! ot!er.

5.

T!ro%#!o%t t!e Fo'o,a Islands co&&%nit, 'ress%re is e(erted on 'eo'le !o in t!e national lotter, to s!are t!eir #ood "ort%ne it! t!eir nei#!bors. 6!en 'eo'le livin# in r%ral areas in t!e lotter, t!e, invariabl, t!ro elaborate nei#!bor!ood "easts9 o"ten i'in# o%t all o" t!eir lotter, innin#s. :o ever9 in t!e cities9 lotter, inners "re0%entl, %se t!eir innin#s "or t!eir o n 'ersonal invest&ent rat!er t!an s!arin# t!eir #ood "ort%ne it! t!eir nei#!bors. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to an e('lanation o" t!e di""erence bet een t!e be!avior o" lotter, inners in r%ral areas and t!ose in citieshttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5G

.A/ T ice as &an, Fo'o,ans live in r%ral areas as live in t!e cit,. .1/ Fo'o,an cit, d ellers tend to b%, several lotter, tickets at a ti&e9 b%t t!e, b%, tickets less "re0%entl, t!an do r%ral d ellers. .C/ Lotter, inners in r%ral areas are noti"ied o" innin# b, '%blic 'ostin# o" lists o" inners9 b%t noti"ication in t!e cit, is b, 'rivate &ail. .3/ $a&ilies in r%ral areas in t!e Fo'o,as &a, contain t elve or "o%rteen 'eo'le9 b%t cit, "a&ilies avera#e si( or seven. .E/ T ice as &an, lotter, tickets are sold in r%ral areas as are sold in t!e cit,. <. A ne &edication "or &i#raine see&s e""ective9 b%t t!ere is concern t!at t!e &edication &i#!t e(acerbate !eart disease. I" 'atients it! !eart disease take t!e &edication %nder care"%l &edical s%'ervision9 !o ever9 !ar&"%l side e""ects can de"initel, be averted. T!e concern abo%t t!ose side e""ects is t!%s %n"o%nded. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ T!e ne &edication act%all, is e""ective !en taken b, 'atients it! !eart disease. .1/ 2o &i#raine s%""erers it! !eart disease ill take t!e ne &edication e(ce't %nder care"%l &edical s%'ervision. .C/ Most &i#raine s%""erers !o !ave taken t!e ne &edication in trials also !ad !eart disease. .3/ T!e ne &edication !as vario%s ot!er side e""ects9 b%t none as serio%s as t!at o" e(acerbatin# !eart disease. .E/ T!e ne &edication ill dis'lace all &i#raine &edications c%rrentl, bein# %sed. C. T!e !i#!est8rankin# detectives in t!e cit,s 'olice de'art&ent are also t!e &ost ade't at solvin# cri&es. *et in eac! o" t!e 'ast ten ,ears9 t!e avera#e s%ccess rate "or t!e cit,s !i#!est8rankin# detectives in solvin# cri&inal cases !as been no !i#!er t!an t!e avera#e s%ccess rate "or its lo est8rankin# detectives. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado(.A/ T!e detectives !o !ave t!e !i#!est s%ccess rate in solvin# cri&inal cases are t!ose !o !ave orked as detectives t!e lon#est. .1/ It #enerall, takes at least ten ,ears "or a detective to rise "ro& t!e lo est to t!e !i#!est ranks o" t!e cit,s detective "orce. .C/ T!ose detectives in t!e 'olice de'art&ent !o are t!e &ost ade't at solvin# cri&inal cases are also t!ose &ost likel, to re&ain in t!e 'olice de'art&ent. .3/ T!e 'olice de'art&ent #enerall, #ives t!e cri&inal cases t!at it e('ects to be t!e easiest to solve to its lo est8rankin# detectives. .E/ 2one o" t!e lo est8rankin# detectives in t!e 'olice de'art&ent !ad e('erience in solvin# cri&inal cases 'rior to +oinin# t!e 'olice de'art&ent. @. Irri#ation r%no"" "ro& nei#!borin# "ar&s &a, ell !ave increased t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5A

concentration o" '!os'!or%s in t!e local s a&' above 'revio%s levels9 b%t t!e clai& t!at t!e increase in '!os'!or%s is !ar&in# t!e s a&'s native a0%atic ildli"e is "alse: t!e '!os'!or%s concentration in t!e s a&' is act%all, less t!an t!at "o%nd in certain kinds o" bottled ater t!at so&e 'eo'le drink ever, da,. T!e ar#%&ent is v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nd t!at it .A/ &akes e(a##erations in "or&%latin# t!e clai& a#ainst !ic! it ar#%es .1/ bases its concl%sion on t o contradictor, clai&s .C/ relies on evidence t!e relevance o" !ic! !as not been establis!ed .3/ concedes t!e ver, 'oint t!at it ar#%es a#ainst .E/ &akes a #enerali)ation t!at is %n arranted beca%se t!e so%rces o" t!e data on !ic! it is based !ave not been s'eci"ied G. Co',ri#!t la s 'rotect t!e ri#!ts o" riters to 'ro"its earned "ro& t!eir ritin#s9 !ereas 'atent la s 'rotect inventors ri#!ts to 'ro"its earned "ro& t!eir inventions. In Ja ade9 !en co&'%ter8so"t are riters de&anded t!at t!eir ri#!ts to 'ro"it be 'rotected9 t!e co%rts deter&ined t!at in"or&ation ritten "or a &ac!ine does not "it into eit!er t!e co',ri#!t or t!e 'atent cate#or,. Clearl,9 t!ere"ore9 t!e 'ro"it ri#!ts o" co&'%ter8so"t are riters re&ain %n'rotected in Ja ade. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Co&'%ter8so"t are riters are not an in"l%ential eno%#! #ro%' in Ja ade "or t!e #overn&ent to consider &odi",in# e(istin# co',ri#!t la s in order to 'rotect t!is #ro%'s 'ro"it ri#!ts. .1/ 2o la s e(ist9 ot!er t!an co',ri#!t la s and 'atent la s9 t!at o%ld 'rotect t!e 'ro"it ri#!ts o" co&'%ter8so"t are riters in Ja ade. .C/ Most o" t!e co&'%ter so"t are %sed in Ja ade is i&'orted "ro& ot!er co%ntries. .3/ Co&'%ter so"t are is &ore si&ilar to ritin#s covered b, co',ri#!t la s t!an it is to inventions covered b, 'atent la s. .E/ Co',ri#!t la s and 'atent la s in Ja ade !ave not been &odi"ied since t!eir ori#inal ado'tion. A. 1ro nleas 'ost o""ice &%st be re'laced it! a lar#er one. T!e 'resent one cannot be e('anded. Land near t!e 'resent location in t!e center o" to n is &ore e('ensive t!an land on t!e o%tskirts o" to n. Since t!e cost o" ac0%irin# a site is a si#ni"icant 'art o" t!e total constr%ction cost9 t!e 'ost o""ice clearl, co%ld be b%ilt &ore c!ea'l, on t!e o%tskirts o" to n. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e ar#%&ents stated concl%sion.A/ T!e ne 'ost o""ice ill !ave to be b%ilt in accordance it! a de&andin# ne cit, ide b%ildin# code. .1/ I" t!e ne 'ost o""ice is b%ilt on t!e o%tskirts o" to n9 it ill re0%ire a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5B

'arkin# lot9 b%t i" sited near t!e 'resent 'ost o""ice it ill not. .C/ I" t!e ne 'ost o""ice is b%ilt on t!e o%tskirts o" to n9 c%rrent cit, b%s ro%tes ill !ave to be e('anded to 'rovide access. .3/ I" t!e ne 'ost o""ice is b%ilt on t!e o%tskirts o" to n9 residents ill &ake decreased %se o" 'ost o""ice bo(es9 it! t!e res%lt t!at &ail carriers ill !ave to deliver &ore &ail to !o&es. .E/ I" t!e ne 'ost o""ice is b%ilt near t!e center o" to n9 disr%'tions to cit, tra""ic o%ld !ave to be &ini&i)ed b, takin# s%c! ste's as doin# so&e constr%ction ork in sta#es at ni#!t and on eekends. B. In t!e 'ast9 t!e railroads in 7stronia ere r%n as re#ional &ono'olies and o'erated it! little re#ard "or !at c%sto&ers anted. In recent ,ears9 it! i&'rove&ents to t!e 7stronian national !i#! a, net ork9 t!e railroad co&'anies !ave "aced !eav, co&'etition "ro& lon#8distance tr%ckin# co&'anies. 1%t beca%se o" #overn&ent s%bsidies t!at !ave 'er&itted 7stronian railroad co&'anies to o'erate even !ile inc%rrin# s%bstantial losses9 t!e co&'anies contin%e to disre#ard c%sto&ers needs and desires. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ I" t!e #overn&ent o" 7stronia ceases to s%bsidi)e railroad co&'anies9 "e o" t!ose co&'anies ill contin%e to o'erate. .1/ $e co&'anies in 7stronia t!at !ave received s%bsidies "ro& t!e #overn&ent !ave taken t!e needs and desires o" t!eir c%sto&ers into acco%nt. .C/ 6it!o%t #overn&ent s%bsidies9 railroad co&'anies in 7stronia o%ld !ave to increase t!e 'rices t!e, c!ar#e t!eir c%sto&ers. .3/ T!e trans'ortation s,ste& in 7stronia is no &ore e""icient toda, t!an it as in t!e 'ast. .E/ In recent ,ears9 so&e co&'anies in 7stronia t!at !ave !ad little re#ard "or t!e desires o" t!eir c%sto&ers !ave nonet!eless s%rvived. H. Alt!o%#! 3a&on !ad a&'le ti&e earlier in t!e &ont! to co&'lete t!e 'a'er !e is sc!ed%led to 'resent at a 'ro"essional con"erence to&orro &ornin#9 !e re'eatedl, '%t o"" doin# it. 3a&on co%ld still #et t!e 'a'er read, in ti&e9 b%t onl, i" !e orks on it all evenin# it!o%t interr%'tion. :o ever9 !is seven8,ear8old da%#!ters ta'8dance recital takes 'lace t!is evenin# and 3a&on !ad 'ro&ised bot! to attend and to take !is da%#!ter and !er "riends o%t "or ice crea& a"ter ard. T!%s9 beca%se o" !is 'rocrastination9 3a&on ill be "orced to c!oose bet een !is 'ro"essional and !is "a&il, res'onsibilities. T!e ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ 'rovidin# evidence t!at one event ill occ%r in order to establis! t!at an alterative event cannot occ%r http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G5H

.1/ s!o in# t!at t o sit%ations are si&ilar in order to +%sti", t!e clai& t!at so&eone it! certain res'onsibilities in t!e "irst sit%ation !as si&ilar res'onsibilities in t!e second sit%ation .C/ invokin# s,&'at!, "or so&eone !o "inds !i&sel" in a dile&&a in order to e(c%se t!at 'ersons "ail%re to &eet all o" !is res'onsibilities .3/ &akin# clear t!e e(tent to !ic! so&eones actions res%lted in !ar& to ot!ers in order to s%''ort t!e clai& t!at t!ose actions ere irres'onsible .E/ de&onstratin# t!at t o sit%ations cannot bot! occ%r b, s!o in# t!at so&et!in# necessar, "or one o" t!ose sit%ations is inco&'atible it! so&et!in# necessar, "or t!e ot!er sit%ation 1I. T!e increase in t!e 'rice o" +et "%el is d%e to a s!ar' decrease over t!e 'ast ,ear in t!e s%''l, o" +et "%el available relative to de&and. 2onet!eless9 t!e a&o%nt o" +et "%el available "or sale is lar#er toda, t!an it as last ,ear. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions can be 'ro'erl, dra n on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ T!e de&and "or +et "%el !as increased over t!e 'ast ,ear. .1/ T!e "%el e""icienc, o" +et en#ines !as increased over t!e 'ast ,ear. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" +et airline "li#!ts !as decreased over t!e 'ast ,ear. .3/ T!e cost o" re"inin# 'etrole%& "or +et "%el !as increased over t!e 'ast ,ear. .E/ T!e s%''l, o" 'etrole%& available "or +et "%el !as decreased over t!e 'ast ,ear. Questions 11-1! 2an: Govern&ent s%bsidies !ave been 'ro'osed in Cariana to enco%ra#e "ar&ers in Roc!elle9 t!e co%ntr,s 'rinci'al a#ric%lt%ral re#ion9 to i&'le&ent certain ne "ar&in# tec!ni0%es. =nless t!ese tec!ni0%es are i&'le&ented9 erosion o" 'rod%ctive to'soil cannot be controlled. =n"ort%natel, "ar&ers cannot a""ord to s!o%lder t!e entire cost o" t!e ne tec!ni0%es9 !ic! are &ore e('ensive t!an t!ose c%rrentl, %sed. T!ere"ore9 it!o%t s%bsidies9 a#ric%lt%ral o%t'%t in Roc!elle ill inevitabl, decline. 1ett,: 1%t erosion in Roc!elle is ca%sed b, rec%rrin# "loods9 !ic! ill end ne(t ,ear once Cariana co&'letes t!e !,droelectric da& it is b%ildin# across t!e re#ions &a+or river. T!ere"ore9 Roc!elles total a#ric%lt%ral o%t'%t ill stabili)e at its 'resent level even it!o%t s%bsidies. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! 1ett,s ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 1%ildin# a da& across Roc!elles &a+or river ill not red%ce an, rec%rrent "loodin# t!at occ%rs in re#ions o" Cariana ot!er t!an Roc!elle. .1/ T!e ne "ar&in# tec!ni0%es t!at &%st be i&'le&ented to control soil erosion in Roc!elle are not ell s%ited to ot!er re#ions o" Cariana. .C/ T!e c%rrent ,earl, o%t'%t9 i" an,9 "ro& Roc!elles land t!at ill be http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<I

'er&anentl, %nder ater once t!e da& is co&'leted ill at least be &atc!ed b, additional ,earl, o%t'%t "ro& Roc!elles re&ainin# land. .3/ T!e cost to t!e #overn&ent o" Cariana to o'erate t!e !,droelectric da& ill not be #reater t!an t!e 'ro+ected cost o" s%bsidi)in# t!e "ar&ers o" Roc!elle in t!e i&'le&entation o" t!e ne "ar&in# tec!ni0%es. .E/ T!e #overn&ent o" Cariana !as s%""icient "inancial reso%rces bot! to s%bsidi)e its "ar&ers i&'le&entation o" ne "ar&in# tec!ni0%es and to o'erate a !,droelectric da&. 15. 1ett, %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative tec!ni0%es in co%nterin# Alans ar#%&ent.A/ s!o in# t!at one 're&ise in Alans ar#%&ent is inconsistent it! anot!er 're&ise in !is ar#%&ent .1/ &akin# additional clai&s t!at9 i" correct9 %nder&ine a 're&ise in Alans ar#%&ent .C/ de&onstratin# t!at Alans concl%sion is tr%e b%t not "or t!e reasons Alan #ives to s%''ort it .3/ 'resentin# evidence indicatin# t!at t!e 'olic, Alan ar#%es in "avor o" o%ld !ave da&a#in# conse0%ences t!at o%t ei#! its 'ositive conse0%ences .E/ 'ointin# o%t t!at Alans ar#%&ent &istakenl, identi"ies so&et!in# as t!e ca%se o" a trend !en it is reall, an e""ect o" t!at trend 1<. Astrono&ers !ave lon# t!o%#!t t!at t!e irre#%larit, in t!e orbit o" t!e 'lanet 2e't%ne as ade0%atel, e('lained b, t!e #ravitational '%ll e(erted on 2e't%ne b, t!e 'lanet Fl%to. T!e &ost recent observations o" Fl%to9 !o ever indicate t!at t!is 'lanet is &%c! too s&all to e(ert t!e a&o%nt o" #ravitational '%ll on 2e't%ne t!at astrono&ers once t!o%#!t it did. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!e, 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 2e't%ne is so&e !at lar#er t!an scientists once believed it to be. .1/ T!e orbit o" 2e't%ne is considerabl, &ore irre#%lar t!an scientists once t!o%#!t it as. .C/ T!ere e(ists anot!er9 as ,et %ndiscovered9 'lanet it! an orbit be,ond t!at o" Fl%to. .3/ T!e #ravitational '%ll o" Fl%to is not t!e sole ca%se o" 2e't%nes irre#%lar orbit. .E/ $%rt!er observations o" Fl%to ill event%all, s!o it to be even s&aller t!an it is no t!o%#!t to be. Questions 14-15 In &ost cor'orations t!e salaries o" e(ec%tives are set b, a #ro%' "ro& t!e cor'orations board o" directors. Since t!e boards 'ri&ar, &ission is to sa"e#%ard t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<1

econo&ic !ealt! o" t!e cor'oration rat!er t!an to &ake its e(ec%tives ric!9 t!is a, o" settin# e(ec%tives salaries is e('ected to 'revent e(cessivel, lar#e salaries. 1%t9 clearl,9 t!is e('ectation is based on 'oor reasonin#. A"ter all9 &ost &e&bers o" a cor'orations board are t!e&selves e(ec%tives o" so&e cor'oration and can e('ect to bene"it "ro& settin# #enero%s benc!&arks "or e(ec%tives salaries. 1C. T!e 'oint &ade b, t!e a%t!or is t!at t!e &ost co&&on a, o" settin# e(ec%tives salaries &i#!t not kee' t!ose salaries in bo%nds beca%se .A/ &ost cor'orals e(ec%tives9 t!anks to t!eir #enero%s salaries9 are not "inanciall, de'endent on &one, earned as board &e&bers .1/ &ost cor'orals e(ec%tives &i#!t be less #enero%s in settin# t!eir o n salaries t!an t!e board &e&bers act%all, settin# t!e& are .C/ &an, board &e&bers &i#!t let t!eir sel"8interest as e(ec%tives inter"ere it! 'ro'erl, disc!ar#in# t!eir role as board &e&bers in settin# e(ec%tives salaries .3/ &an, board &e&bers !o set e(ec%tives salaries %nreasonabl, !i#! do so beca%se t!e, !a''en to be on t!e board o" a cor'oration o" !ic! t!e, e('ect later to beco&e e(ec%tives .E/ &an, board &e&bers are re&%nerated #enero%sl, and is! to 'rotect t!is so%rce o" inco&e b, 'leasin# t!e e(ec%tives to !o& t!e, o e t!eir a''oint&ents on t!e board 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'ractices is v%lnerable to a line o" criticis& &ost 'arallel to t!at %sed in t!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e.A/ in &edical &al'ractice s%its9 #ivin# '!,sicians not directl, involved in a s%it a &a+or role in deter&inin# t!e da&a#es d%e to s%ccess"%l 'lainti""s .1/ in a le#islat%re9 allo in# t!e le#islators to increase t!eir o n salaries onl, i" at least t o8t!irds o" t!e& vote in "avor o" an increase .C/ to ork bot! "ast and acc%ratel, b, 'a,in# t!e& b, t!e 'iece b%t co%ntin# onl, 'ieces o" acce'table 0%alit, .3/ in a s'orts co&'etition decided b, +%d#es scores9 selectin# t!e +%d#es "ro& a&on# 'eo'le retired "ro& t!at s'ort a"ter s%ccess"%l careers .E/ in a b%siness or#ani)ation9 distrib%tin# a #ro%' bon%s a&on# t!e &e&bers o" a task "orce on t!e basis o" a con"idential eval%ation b, eac! &e&ber o" t!e contrib%tion &ade b, eac! o" t!e ot!ers 1G. Cons%&er advocate: 7ne advertise&ent t!at is dece'tive9 and t!%s &orall, ron#9 states t!at >#ra& "or #ra&9 t!e re"ined s%#ar %sed in o%r c!ocolate 'ies is no &ore "attenin# t!an t!e s%#ars "o%nd in "r%its and ve#etables.? T!is is like tr,in# to 'ers%ade so&eone t!at c!ocolate 'ies are not "attenin# b, sa,in# t!at9 calorie "or calorie9 t!e, are no &ore "attenin# t!an celer,. Tr%e9 b%t it o%ld take a !ole s!o''in# cart "%ll o" celer, to e0%al a c!ocolate 'ies ort! o" calories. Advertiser: T!is advertise&ent cannot be called dece'tive. It is9 a"ter all9 tr%e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<5

6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed o%ld do &ost to s%''ort t!e cons%&er advocates 'osition a#ainst t!e advertisers res'onse.A/ It is &orall, ron# to seek to 'ers%ade b, %se o" dece'tive state&ents. .1/ A tr%e state&ent s!o%ld be re#arded as dece'tive onl, i" t!e 'erson &akin# t!e state&ent believes it to be "alse9 and t!%s intends t!e 'eo'le readin# or !earin# it to ac0%ire a "alse belie". .C/ To &ake state&ents t!at i&'art onl, a s&all 'ro'ortion o" t!e in"or&ation in ones 'ossession s!o%ld not necessaril, be re#arded as dece'tive. .3/ It is &orall, ron# to &ake a tr%e state&ent in a &anner t!at ill deceive !earers or readers o" t!e state&ent into believin# t!at it is "alse. .E/ A tr%e state&ent s!o%ld be re#arded as dece'tive i" it is &ade it! t!e e('ectation t!at 'eo'le !earin# or readin# t!e state&ent ill dra a "alse concl%sion "ro& it. 1A. Me&bers o" t!e A&a)onian Akabe 'eo'le co&&onl, take an earl,8&ornin# drink o" a tea &ade "ro& t!e leaves o" a "orest 'lant. Alt!o%#! t!e, #reatl, en+o, t!is drink9 at da n t!e, drink it onl, in s&all a&o%nts. Ant!ro'olo#ists !,'ot!esi)e t!at since t!is tea is e(traordinaril, !i#! in ca""eine9 t!e e('lanation "or t!e Akabes not drinkin# &ore o" it at da n is t!at !i#! ca""eine intake o%ld destro, t!e s%re"ootedness t!at t!eir dail, tasks re0%ire. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, calls t!e ant!ro'olo#ists e('lanation into 0%estion.A/ T!e drink is "%ll o" n%trients ot!er ise absent "ro& t!e Akabe diet. .1/ T!e Akabe also drink t!e tea in t!e evenin#9 a"ter t!eir da,s ork is done. .C/ T!e leaves %sed "or t!e tea contain a sol%ble narcotic. .3/ Akabe c!ildren are introd%ced to t!e tea in onl, a ver, eak "or&. .E/ 6!en celebratin#9 t!e Akabe drink t!e tea in lar#e 0%antities. 1B. All o" t!e car#o s!i's o" t!e 1l%e Star Liner are over 1II &eters lon#9 and all o" its 'assen#er s!i's are %nder 1II &eters lon#. Most o" t!e s!i's o" t!e 1l%e Star Line ere b%ilt be"ore 1HBI. All o" t!e 'assen#er and car#o s!i's o" t!e Gold Star Line ere b%ilt a"ter 1HBI9 and all are %nder 1II &eters lon#. T!e dockside "acilities o" Fort Tro'ica9 !ic! is o'en onl, to s!i's o" t!ese t o lines9 can acco&&odate onl, t!ose s!i's t!at are less t!an 1II &eters lon#. T!e S.S. Coral is a car#o s!i' t!at is c%rrentl, docked at Fort Tro'ica. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ T!e S.S. Coral as b%ilt a"ter 1HBI. .1/ T!e S.S. Coral belon#s to t!e 1l%e Star Line. .C/ Fort Tro'ica is served onl, b, car#o s!i's. .3/ Fort Tro'ica is not served b, s!i's o" t!e 1l%e Start Line. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<<

.E/ All o" t!e s!i's o" t!e 1l%e Star Line are older t!an an, o" t!e s!i's o" t!e Gold Star Line. 1H. S'ectrosco'ic anal,sis !as revealed t!e e(istence o" "ro)en nitro#en9 &et!ane9 and carbon &ono(ide on t!e s%r"ace o" Fl%to. S%c! ices !ave a tendenc, to va'ori)e9 'rod%cin# an at&os'!ere. Since t!e 'ro'ortion o" an, #as in s%c! an at&os'!ere de'ends directl, on !o readil, t!e corres'ondin# ice va'ori)es9 astrono&ers !ave concl%ded t!at t!e co&'onents o" Fl%tos at&os'!ere are nitro#en9 carbon &ono(ide9 and &et!ane9 in order o" decreasin# ab%ndance. T!e astrono&ers ar#%&ent relies on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ T!ere is no &ore "ro)en nitro#en on t!e s%r"ace o" Fl%to t!an t!ere is eit!er "ro)en carbon &ono(ide or &et!ane. .1/ =ntil s'ace 'robes reac! Fl%to9 direct anal,sis o" t!e at&os'!ere is i&'ossible. .C/ T!ere is no "ro)en s%bstance on t!e s%r"ace o" Fl%to t!at va'ori)es &ore readil, t!an &et!ane b%t less readil, t!an carbon &ono(ide. .3/ 2itro#en is "o%nd in t!e at&os'!ere o" a 'lanet onl, i" nitro#en ice is "o%nd on t!e s%r"ace o" t!at 'lanet. .E/ A &i(t%re o" nitro#en9 carbon &ono(ide9 and &et!ane is c!aracteristic o" t!e s%bstances "ro& !ic! t!e Solar S,ste& "or&ed. 5I. Ann ill eit!er take a leave o" absence "ro& Tec!noco&' and ret%rn in a ,ear or else s!e ill 0%it !er +ob t!ereD b%t s!e o%ld not do eit!er one %nless s!e ere o""ered a one8,ear teac!in# "ello s!i' at a 'resti#io%s %niversit,. Tec!noco&' ill allo !er to take a leave o" absence i" it does not "ind o%t t!at s!e !as been o""ered t!e "ello s!i'9 b%t not ot!er ise. T!ere"ore9 Ann ill 0%it !er +ob at Tec!noco&' onl, i" Tec!noco&' "inds o%t s!e !as been o""ered t!e "ello s!i'. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" ass%&ed9 allo s t!e concl%sion above to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ Tec!noco&' ill "ind o%t abo%t Ann bein# o""ered t!e "ello s!i' onl, i" so&eone in"or&s on !er. .1/ T!e reason Ann ants t!e "ello s!i' is so s!e can 0%it !er +ob at Tec!noco&'. .C/ Tec!noco&' does not allo an, o" its e&'lo,ees to take a leave o" absence in order to ork "or one o" its co&'etitors. .3/ Ann ill take a leave o" absence i" Tec!noco&' allo s !er to take a leave o" absence. .E/ Ann o%ld be o""ered t!e "ello s!i' onl, i" s!e 0%it !er +ob at Tec!noco&'. 51. I" a &ec!anical aerator is installed in a "is! 'ool9 t!e ater in t!e 'ool can be 'ro'erl, aerated. So9 since Jo!ns "is! 'ool does not !ave a &ec!anical aerator9 it &%st be t!at !is 'ool is not 'ro'erl, aerated. 6it!o%t 'ro'erl, aerated ater9 "is! cannot t!rive. T!ere"ore9 an, "is! in Jo!ns "is! 'ool ill not t!rive. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<C

6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents contains an error o" reasonin# t!at is also contained in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ I" al%& is added to 'ickle brine9 brine can re'lace t!e ater in t!e 'ickles. T!ere"ore9 since Fa%la does not add al%& to !er 'ickle brine9 t!e ater in t!e 'ickles cannot be re'laced b, brine. =nless t!eir ater is re'laced it! brine9 'ickles ill not sta, cris'. T!%s9 Fa%las 'ickles ill not sta, cris'. .1/ I" 'ectin is added to +a&9 t!e +a& ill #el. 6it!o%t a settin# a#ent s%c! as 'ectin9 +a& ill not #el. So in order to &ake !is +a& #el9 :arr, s!o%ld add a settin# a#ent s%c! as 'ectin to t!e +a&. .C/ I" stored 'otatoes are not e('osed to et!,lene9 t!e 'otatoes ill not s'ro%t. 1eets do not release et!,lene. T!ere"ore9 i" Sara stores !er 'otatoes to#et!er it! beets9 t!e 'otatoes ill not s'ro%t. .3/ I" a carrot 'atc! is covered it! &%lc! in t!e "all9 t!e carrots can be le"t in t!e #ro%nd %ntil s'rin#. 6it!o%t a &%lc! cover9 carrots stored in t!e #ro%nd can s%""er "rost da&a#e. T!%s9 since Mevin covers !is carrot 'atc! it! &%lc! in t!e "all9 t!e carrots can sa"el, be le"t in t!e #ro%nd. .E/ I" to&atoes are not stored in a dark 'lace9 t!eir seeds so&eti&es s'ro%t. S'ro%ted seeds can &ake to&atoes inedible. T!ere"ore9 since Maria does not store !er to&atoes in a dark 'lace9 so&e o" Marias to&atoes co%ld be inedible. Questions !!-!3 Antin%clear activist: T!e closin# o" t!e n%clear 'o er 'lant is a victor, "or t!e antin%clear ca%se. It also re'resents a belated ackno led#&ent b, t!e 'o er ind%str, t!at t!e, cannot o'erate s%c! 'lants sa"el,. 2%clear 'o er 'lant &ana#er: It re'resents no s%c! t!in#. T!e availabilit, o" c!ea' 'o er "ro& nonn%clear so%rces9 to#et!er it! t!e cost o" &andated sa"et, ins'ections and sa"et, re'airs9 &ade contin%ed o'eration %necono&ic. T!%s it as not sa"et, considerations b%t econo&ic considerations t!at dictated t!e 'lants closin#. 55. T!e reasonin# in t!e &ana#ers ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ "ails to ackno led#e t!at t!e 'o er ind%str, &i#!t no believe n%clear 'o er 'lants to be %nsa"e even t!o%#! t!is 'lant as not closed "or sa"et, reasons .1/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e so%rces "ro& !ic! c!ea' 'o er is available &i#!t t!e&selves be s%b+ect to sa"et, concerns .C/ &istakes t!e iss%e o" !at t!e clos%re o" t!e 'lant re'resents to t!e '%blic "or t!e iss%e o" !at t!e &ana#ers reason "or t!e clos%re ere .3/ takes as one o" its 're&ises a vie abo%t t!e 'o er ind%str,s attit%de to ard n%clear sa"et, t!at contradicts t!e activists vie .E/ co%nts as '%rel, econo&ic considerations so&e e('enses t!at arise as a res%lt o" t!e need to take sa"et, 'reca%tions http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<@

5<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e activists clai& o" victor,.A/ T!e 'lant !ad reac!ed t!e a#e at !ic! its o'eratin# license e('ired. .1/ T!e &andate "or ins'ections and re'airs &entioned b, t!e &ana#er as recentl, enacted as a res%lt o" 'ress%re "ro& antin%clear #ro%'s. .C/ T!e 'lant o%ld not !ave closed i" c!ea' 'o er "ro& nonn%clear so%rces !ad not been available. .3/ Fer %nit o" electricit, 'rod%ced9 t!e 'lant !ad t!e !i#!est o'eratin# costs o" an, n%clear 'o er 'lant. .E/ T!e 'lant t!at closed !ad been able to 'rovide back%' 'o er to an electrical net ork !en 'arts o" t!e net ork beca&e overloaded. Questions !4-!5 Statistician: C!an#es in t!e S%ns l%&inosit, correlate e(ceedin#l, ell it! avera#e land te&'erat%res on Eart!. Clearl,Kand contrar, to acce'ted o'inion a&on# &eteorolo#istsKt!e S%ns l%&inosit, essentiall, controls land te&'erat%res on Eart!. Meteorolo#ist: I disa#ree. An, 'ro"essional &eteorolo#ist ill tell ,o% t!at in a s,ste& as co&'licated as t!at #ivin# rise to t!e cli&ate9 no si#ni"icant as'ect can be controlled b, a sin#le variable. 5C. T!e re+ection b, t!e &eteorolo#ist o" t!e statisticians concl%sion e&'lo,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# tec!ni0%es o" ar#%&entation.A/ s%''ortin# a concl%sion abo%t a s'eci"ic case b, invokin# a relevant #enerali)ation .1/ 'rod%cin# a sin#le co%ntere(a&'le t!at establis!es t!at a #enerali)ation is "alse as state .C/ reanal,)in# a correlation as re"lectin# t!e &%lti'le e""ects o" a sin#le ca%se .3/ re+ectin# a concl%sion beca%se it is a 'ro'osition t!at cannot be e('eri&entall, tested .E/ 'ointin# o%t t!at 'otentiall, %n"avorable evident !as been s,ste&aticall, ne#lected 5@. T!e reasonin# in t!e &eteorolo#ists co%nterar#%&ent 0%estionable beca%se t!at ar#%&ent .A/ re+ects a 'artial e('lanation9 not beca%se it is incorrect9 b%t onl, beca%se it is not co&'lete .1/ "ails to distin#%is! '!eno&ena t!at e(ist inde'endentl, o" a 'artic%lar s,ste& "ro& '!eno&ena t!at e(ist onl, as 'art o" t!e s,ste& .C/ calls into 0%estion t!e e(istence o" a correlation !en t!e onl, real iss%e is t!at o" !o to inter'ret t!e correlation .3/ dis&isses a !,'ot!esis on t!e #ro%nds t!at it "ails to deal it! an, &atters o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<G

scienti"ic si#ni"icant .E/ a''eals to t!e a%t!oritativeness o" an o'inion it!o%t eval%atin# t!e &erit o" a '%tative co%ntere(a&'le SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Ever,one sittin# in t!e aitin# roo& o" t!e sc!ools at!letic o""ice t!is &ornin# at nine oclock !ad +%st re#istered "or a be#inners tennis clinic. Jo!n9 Mar,9 and Teresa ere all sittin# in t!e aitin# roo& t!is &ornin# at nice oclock. 2o acco&'lis!ed tennis 'la,er o%ld re#ister "or a be#inners tennis clinic. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ 2one o" t!e 'eo'le sittin# in t!e sc!ools at!letic o""ice t!is &ornin# at nine oclock !ad ever 'la,ed tennis. .1/ Ever,one sittin# in t!e sc!ools at!letic o""ice t!is &ornin# at nine oclock re#istered onl, "or a be#inners tennis clinic. .C/ Jo!n9 Mar,9 and Teresa ere t!e onl, 'eo'le !o re#istered "or a be#inners tennis clinic t!is &ornin#. .3/ Jo!n9 Mar,9 and Teresa ere t!e onl, 'eo'le sittin# in t!e aitin# roo& o" t!e sc!ools at!letic o""ice t!is &ornin# at nine oclock. .E/ 2eit!er Jo!n nor Teresa is an acco&'lis!ed tennis 'la,er.

5.

Most 'eo'le !o ride bic,cles "or 'leas%re do not ride %ntil t!e ar& eat!er o" s'rin# and s%&&er arrives. *et it is 'robabl, &ore e""ective to advertise bic,cles earlier in t!e ,ear. Most bic,cles are '%rc!ased in t!e s'rin#9 b%t once s!o''ers are read, to s!o' "or a bic,cle9 t!e, %s%all, !ave alread, decided !ic! brand and &odel o" bic,cle t!e, ill '%rc!ase. 1, t!en it is #enerall, too late to ind%ce t!e& to c!an#e t!eir &inds. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ bic,cle advertise&ents are 'robabl, &ore e""ective i" t!e, a''ear be"ore t!e arrival o" ar& s'rin# eat!er .1/ &ost bic,cle '%rc!asers decide on t!e brand and &odel o" bic,cle t!at t!e, ill b%, be"ore be#innin# to s!o' "or a bic,cle .C/ &ore bic,cles are '%rc!ased in t!e s'rin# t!an at an, ot!er ti&e o" ,ear .3/ in #eneral9 once a bic,cle '%rc!aser !as decided !ic! bic,cle !e or s!e intends to '%rc!ase9 it is di""ic%lt to brin# abo%t a c!an#e in t!at decision .E/ s'rin# and s%&&er are t!e ti&e o" ,ear in !ic! bic,cle ridin# as a leis%re activit, is &ost 'o'%lar

<.

3%rin# 1HH1 t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le in t!e to n o" 1a,b%r# !o received http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<A

&%nici'al "ood assistance do%bled9 even t!o%#! t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le in 1a,b%r# !ose inco&es ere lo eno%#! to 0%ali", "or s%c! assistance re&ained %nc!an#ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ In 1HHI t!e 1a,b%r# To n Co%ncil debated !et!er or not to alter t!e eli#ibilit, re0%ire&ents "or t!e "ood assistance 'ro#ra& b%t %lti&atel, decided not to c!an#e t!e&. .1/ In 1HHI t!e 1a,b%r# social service de'art&ent esti&ated t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le in 1a,b%r# !o &i#!t be eli#ible "or t!e "ood assistance 'ro#ra& and t!en in"or&ed t!e 1a,b%r# To n Co%ncil o" t!e total a&o%nt o" assistance likel, to be needed. .C/ 3%rin# 1HH1 &an, residents o" a nearb, cit, lost t!eir +obs and &oved to 1a,b%r# in searc! o" ork. .3/ 3%rin# 1HH1 t!e n%&ber o" a''licants "or "ood assistance in 1a,b%r# !o ere re+ected on t!e basis t!at t!eir inco&es ere above t!e &a(i&%& allo able li&it as a''ro(i&atel, t!e sa&e as it !ad been in 1HHI. .E/ 3%rin# 1HH1 1a,b%r#s 'ro#ra& o" rent assistance "or lo 8inco&e tenants advertised idel, and t!en in"or&ed all a''licants abo%t ot!er assistance 'ro#ra&s "or !ic! t!e, o%ld be 0%ali"ied. C. Ca&'ai#nin# "or election to 'rovincial or state o""ice "re0%entl, re0%ires t!at a candidate s'end &%c! ti&e and ener#, caterin# to t!e interests o" national 'art, o""icials !o can !el' t!e candidate to in o""ice. T!e elected o""icials !o ca&'ai#n "or reelection !ile t!e, are in o""ice t!%s o"ten "ail to serve t!e interests o" t!eir local constit%encies. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion &ade b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Caterin# to t!e interests o" national 'art, o""icials so&eti&es con"licts it! servin# t!e interests o" a 'rovincial or state o""icials local constit%encies. .1/ 7nl, b, caterin# to t!e interests o" national 'art, o""icials can t!ose !o !old 'rovincial or state o""ice in reelection. .C/ T!e interests o" local constit%encies are ell served onl, b, elected o""icials !o do not cater to t!e interests o" national 'art, o""icials. .3/ 7""icials elected to 'rovincial or state o""ice are obli#ated to serve onl, t!e interests o" constit%ents !o belon# to t!e sa&e 'art, as do t!e o""icials. .E/ All elected o""icials are likel, to seek reelection to t!ose o""ices t!at are not li&ited to one ter&. @. Since Fro"essor S&,t!e !as been !ead o" t!e de'art&ent9 t!e &ost distin#%is!ed &e&ber o" t!e "ac%lt, !as resi#ned9 "e er ne co%rses !ave been develo'ed9 st%dent !as dro''ed9 and t!e re'%tation o" t!e de'art&ent !as #one do n. T!ese "acts 'rovide concl%sive evidence t!at Fro"essor S&,t!e as a''ointed to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<B

%nder&ine t!e de'art&ent. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ overlooks t!e "act t!at so&et!in# can !ave t!e re'%tation "or bein# o" 'oor 0%alit, it!o%t bein# o" 'oor 0%alit, .1/ bases a #eneral clai& on a "e e(ce'tional instances .C/ ass%&es t!at beca%se an action as "ollo ed b, a c!an#e9 t!e action as %ndertaken to brin# abo%t t!at c!an#e .3/ "ails to distin#%is! bet een a decline in 0%antit, and a decline in 0%alit, .E/ 'res%''oses !at it '%r'orts to establis! G. 1ooks abo%t arc!itect%ral orks9 %nless t!e, are not intended "or a #eneral a%dience9 o%#!t to incl%de disc%ssions o" bot! t!e %tilit, and t!e aest!etic a''eal o" eac! o" t!e b%ildin#s t!e, consider. I" t!e, do not9 t!e, are "la ed. Mortons book on Italian 1aro0%e 'alaces describes t!ese 'alaces "%nctional as'ects9 b%t "ails to &ention t!at t!e &ain !all o" a 'alace !e disc%sses at len#t! !as a ceilin# t!at is one o" t!e tr%l, breat!takin# &aster'ieces o" 6estern art. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 it o%ld be necessar, to establis! !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in order to concl%de t!at Mortons book is "la ed.A/ Mortons descri'tion o" t!e 'alaces %tilit, is inacc%rate. .1/ Mortons book does not disc%ss as'ects o" t!e 'alaces ot!er t!an %tilit, and aest!etic a''eal. .C/ Mortons book is intended "or a #eneral a%dience. .3/ T!e 'assa#e disc%ssin# t!e 'alace 'la,s a ver, i&'ortant role in !el'in# to establis! t!e overall ar#%&ent o" Mortons book. .E/ T!e 'alace disc%ssed at len#t! is one o" t!e &ost aest!eticall, i&'ortant o" t!ose treated in Mortons book. A. 7" all t!e '!oto#ra'!s taken o" !i& at !is eddin# t!ere as one t!at Jo!n and !is "riends s!ar'l, disa#reed abo%t. :is "riends all said t!at t!is 'artic%lar 'ict%re did not &%c! rese&ble !i&9 b%t Jo!n said t!at on t!e contrar, it as t!e onl, '!oto#ra'! t!at did. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 abo%t t!e '!oto#ra'! &ost !el's to e('lain Jo!ns disa#ree&ent it! !is "riends.A/ It9 %nlike t!e ot!er '!oto#ra'!s o" Jo!n9 s!o ed !i& in t!e st,le o" dress !e and !is "riends %s%all, ear rat!er t!an t!e "or&al clot!es !e ore at t!e cere&on,. .1/ It as t!e onl, '!oto#ra'! taken o" Jo!n at !is eddin# "or !ic! t!e '!oto#ra'!er !ad %sed a "las!. .C/ It as a black8and8 !ite '!oto#ra'!9 !ereas t!e ot!er '!oto#ra'!s t!at s!o ed Jo!n ere &ostl, color '!oto#ra'!s. .3/ It as %ni0%e in s!o in# Jo!ns "ace re"lected in a &irror9 t!e '!oto#ra'!er http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G<H

!avin# taken t!e '!oto#ra'! over Jo!ns s!o%lder. .E/ It as one o" onl, a "e taken at t!e eddin# t!at s!o ed no one b%t Jo!n. Questions 8-9 Eva: A >s&art !i#! a,? s,ste& s!o%ld be installed9 one t!at o%ld &onitor area ide tra""ic 'atterns and co&&%nicate it! co&'%ters in ve!icles or it! 'ro#ra&&able !i#! a, si#ns to #ive drivers in"or&ation abo%t tra""ic con#estion and alternate ro%tes. S%c! a s,ste&9 e can in"er9 o%ld res%lt in i&'roved tra""ic "lo in and aro%nd cities t!at o%ld do &ore t!an i&'rove drivers te&'ersD it o%ld decrease t!e considerable loss o" &one, and 'rod%ctivit, t!at no res%lts "ro& tra""ic con#estion. L%is: T!ere are alread, tra""ic re'orts on t!e radio. 6!, o%ld a >s&art !i#! a,? s,ste& be an, betterB. Evas ar#%&ent de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ on >s&art !i#! a,s? t!ere o%ld not be t!e breakdo ns o" ve!icles t!at c%rrentl, ca%se tra""ic con#estion .1/ tra""ic li#!ts9 i" coordinated b, t!e s,ste&9 o%ld ass%re a "ree "lo o" tra""ic .C/ tra""ic "lo in and aro%nd cities is not no so con#ested t!at si#ni"icant i&'rove&ent is i&'ossible .3/ t!e t,'e o" e0%i'&ent %sed in >s&art !i#! a,? s,ste&s o%ld var, "ro& one cit, to anot!er .E/ older ve!icles co%ld not be "itted it! e0%i'&ent to receive si#nals sent b, a >s&art !i#! a,? s,ste& H. I" Eva res'onded to L%is b, sa,in# t!at t!e c%rrent one8&in%te radio re'orts are too s!ort to #ive a s%""icient descri'tion o" overall 'atterns o" tra""ic con#estion9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en L%iss c!allen#e.A/ 1ad eat!er9 !ic! radio stations re'ort9 o%ld ca%se tra""ic to slo do n !et!er or not a >s&art !i#! a,? s,ste& as in o'eration. .1/ It o%ld be less costl, to !ave radio stations t!at #ive contin%al9 len#t!ier tra""ic re'orts t!an to install a >s&art !i#! a,? s,ste&. .C/ Radio re'orts can take note o" con#estion once it occ%rs9 b%t a >s&art !i#! a,? s,ste& co%ld antici'ate and "orestall it in &an, instances. .3/ T!e 'ro'osed tra""ic &onitorin# o%ld not red%ce t!e 'rivac, o" drivers. .E/ Toll collection boot!s9 !ic! constit%te tra""ic bottlenecks9 o%ld lar#el, be re'laced in t!e >s&art !i#! a,? s,ste& b, electronic debitin# o" co&&%ters acco%nts !ile tra""ic 'roceeded at "%ll s'eed. 1I. T!e ter&s >se(? and >#ender? are o"ten %sed interc!an#eabl,. 1%t >se(? &ore 'ro'erl, re"ers to biolo#ical di""erences o" &ale and "e&ale9 !ile >#ender? re"ers to societ,s constr%ction o" a s,ste& t!at identi"ies !at is &asc%line and "e&inine. =nlike t!e set o" c!aracteristics de"inin# biolo#ical se(9 t!e set o" traits http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GCI

t!at are associated it! #ender does not sort 'eo'le into t o nonoverla''in# #ro%'s. T!e traits c!aracteri)e 'eo'le in a co&'le( a,9 so t!at a 'erson &a, !ave bot! >&asc%line? and >"e&inine? traits. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents best e('resses a &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 3istinctions based on #ender are "re0%entl, arbitrar,. .1/ Gender traits are not deter&ined at birt!. .C/ Masc%line #ender traits are !i#!l, correlated it! &aleness. .3/ T!e ter&s >se(? and >#ender? are not 'ro'erl, interc!an#eable. .E/ Societ, rat!er t!an t!e individ%al decides !at is considered 'ro'er be!avior. 11. Raisin# t!e ta( rate on essential #oodsKa traditional &eans o" increasin# #overn&ent reven%esKinvariabl, t%rns lo 8 and &iddle8inco&e ta('a,ers a#ainst t!e #overn&ent. :ence #overn&ent o""icials !ave 'ro'osed addin# a ne ta( on '%rc!ases o" l%(%r, ite&s s%c! as ,ac!ts9 'rivate 'lanes9 +e els9 and "%rs. T!e o""icials clai& t!at t!is ta( ill res%lt in a s%bstantial increase in #overn&ent reven%es !ile a""ectin# onl, t!e ealt!, individ%als and cor'orations !o can a""ord to '%rc!ase s%c! ite&s. T!e ans er to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions o%ld be &ost relevant in eval%atin# t!e acc%rac, o" t!e #overn&ent o""icials 'rediction.A/ 6ill l%(%r, #oods be ta(ed at a !i#!er rate t!an t!at at !ic! essential #oods are c%rrentl, ta(ed.1/ 6ill t!e reven%es #enerated b, t!e 'ro'osed ta( be co&'arable to t!ose t!at are c%rrentl, bein# #enerated b, ta(es on essential #oods.C/ 6ill sales o" t!e l%(%r, ite&s s%b+ect to t!e 'ro'osed ta( occ%r at c%rrent rates once t!e 'ro'osed ta( on l%(%r, ite&s !as been 'assed.3/ 6ill t!e 'ro'osed ta( on l%(%r, ite&s in s%''ort "or t!e #overn&ent in t!e e,es o" lo 8 and &iddle8inco&e ta('a,ers.E/ 6ill '%rc!ases o" l%(%r, ite&s b, cor'orations acco%nt "or &ore o" t!e reven%e #enerated b, t!e 'ro'osed ta( t!an ill '%rc!ases o" l%(%r, ite&s b, ealt!, individ%als15. In a st%d, o" t!e relations!i' bet een a##ression and television vie in# in n%rser, sc!ool c!ildren9 &an, interestin# interactions a&on# "a&il, st,les9 a##ression9 and television vie in# ere "o%nd. :i#! a##ression occ%rred in bot! !i#!8vie in# and lo 8vie in# c!ildren and t!is see&ed to be related to 'arental li"est,le. :i#!8ac!ievin#9 co&'etitive9 &iddle8class 'arents9 !ose c!ildren did not atc! &%c! television9 !ad &ore a##ressive c!ildren t!an 'arents !o 'lanned t!eir lives in an or#ani)ed9 c!ild8centered a,9 !ic! incl%ded lar#er a&o%nts o" television vie in#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is best s%''orted b, t!e 'assa#e.A/ Lo levels o" television vie in# o"ten lead to !i#! levels o" a##ression http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GC1

a&on# c!ildren. .1/ T!e level o" a##ression o" a c!ild cannot be 'redicted "ro& levels o" television vie in# alone. .C/ I" !i#!8ac!ievin#9 co&'etitive 'arents ere &ore c!ild8centered9 t!eir c!ildren o%ld be less a##ressive. .3/ :i#! levels o" television vie in# can e('lain !i#! levels o" a##ression a&on# c!ildren onl, !en t!e 'arents are not c!ild8centered. .E/ Farental li"est,le is less i&'ortant t!an t!e a&o%nt o" television vie in# in deter&inin# t!e a##ressiveness o" c!ildren. 1<. 7ne o" t!e e""ects o" lead 'oisonin# is an in"la&&ation o" t!e o'tic nerve9 !ic! ca%ses t!ose !o !ave it to see bri#!t !aloes aro%nd li#!t so%rces. In order to 'rod%ce t!e strikin# ,ello e""ects in !is >S%n"lo ers? 'aintin#s9 4an Go#! %sed 2a'les ,ello 9 a 'i#&ent containin# lead. Since in !is later 'aintin#s9 4an Go#! 'ainted bri#!t !aloes aro%nd t!e stars and s%n9 it is likel, t!at !e as s%""erin# "ro& lead 'oisonin# ca%sed b, in#estin# t!e 'i#&ents !e %sed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent relies.A/ In 4an Go#!s later 'aintin#s !e 'ainted so&e t!in#s as !e sa t!e&. .1/ 4an Go#! contin%ed to %se 'aints containin# lead a"ter !avin# 'ainted t!e >S%n"lo ers? 'aintin#s. .C/ 4an Go#! did not !ave s,&'to&s o" lead 'oisonin# aside "ro& seein# bri#!t !aloes aro%nd li#!t so%rces. .3/ T!e 'aints 4an Go#! %sed in t!e >S%n"lo ers? 'aintin#s !ad no to(ic in#redients ot!er t!an lead. .E/ T!e e""ects o" 2a'les ,ello co%ld not !ave been ac!ieved %sin# ot!er 'i#&ents. Questions 14-15 Folitician: T!e &andator, +ail sentences t!at beca&e la t o ,ears a#o "or certain cri&es !ave en!anced t!e inte#rit, o" o%r s,ste& o" +%stice9 "or no lon#er are t!ere t o kinds o" +%stice9 t!e kind dis'ensed b, lenient +%d#es and t!e kind dis'ensed b, severe ones. F%blic advocate: 1%t it! +%d#es stri''ed o" discretionar, 'o ers9 t!ere can be no lenienc, even !ere it o%ld be a''ro'riate. So +%ries no so&eti&es ac0%it a #iven de"endant solel, beca%se t!e +%rors "eel t!at t!e &andator, sentence o%ld be too !ars!. T!ose +%ries9 t!en9 do not ret%rn an acc%rate verdict on t!e de"endants #%ilt. T!is is !, it is i&'erative t!at t!e le#islation instit%tin# &andator, +ail sentences be re'ealed. 1C. T!e '%blic advocate res'onds to t!e 'oliticians ar#%&ent b, doin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ tr,in# to s!o t!at t!e 'oliticians concl%sion &erel, 'ara'!rases t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GC5

'oliticians evidence .1/ clai&in# t!at t!e 'oliticians evidence9 'ro'erl, anal,)ed9 !as no bearin# on t!e concl%sion t!e 'olitician derives "ro& it .C/ ar#%in# t!at lenienc, is not a trait o" individ%als b%t t!at9 rat!er9 it is a 'ro'ert, o" certain kinds o" decisions .3/ ar#%in# t!at an anal,sis o" t!e conse0%ences o" certain le#islation %nder&ines t!e 'oliticians concl%sion .E/ c!ar#in# t!at t!e 'olitician e(a##erated t!e severit, o" a 'roble& in order to +%sti", a s ee'in# sol%tion 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 'rovides t!e 'olitician it! t!e stron#est basis "or co%nterin# t!e '%blic advocates ar#%&ent.A/ J%ries s!o%ld al a,s consider !et!er t!e s%& o" t!e evidence leaves an, reasonable do%bt concernin# t!e de"endants #%ilt9 and in all cases in !ic! it does9 t!e, s!o%ld ac0%it t!e de"endant. .1/ A s,ste& o" +%stice s!o%ld clearl, de"ine !at t!e s'eci"ic actions are t!at +%d#es are to 'er"or& it!in t!e s,ste&. .C/ A s,ste& o" +%stice s!o%ld not re0%ire an, le#al e('ertise on t!e 'art o" t!e 'eo'le selected to serve on +%ries. .3/ C!an#es in a s,ste& o" +%stice in res'onse to so&e %ndesirable "eat%re o" t!e s,ste& s!o%ld be &ade as soon as 'ossible once t!at "eat%re !as been reco#ni)ed as %ndesirable. .E/ C!an#es in a s,ste& o" +%stice t!at 'rod%ce %ndesirable conse0%ences s!o%ld be reversed onl, i" it is not "easible to a&eliorate t!ose %ndesirable conse0%ences t!ro%#! "%rt!er &odi"ication. 1G. Researc!ers st%d,in# arti"icial s eeteners !ave lon# clai&ed t!at t!e 'erce'tion o" s eetness is deter&ined b, t!e activation o" a sin#le t,'e o" rece'tor on t!e ton#%e9 called a s eetness rece'tor. T!e, !ave also clai&ed t!at an, #iven individ%al &olec%le o" s%bstance can activate at &ost one s eetness rece'tor and t!at t!e "e er &olec%les t!at are re0%ired to activate a rece'tor9 t!e s eeter t!at s%bstance ill be 'erceived to be. 2o t!e researc!ers clai& to !ave discovered a s%bstance o" !ic! onl, one &olec%le is needed to activate an, s eetness rece'tor. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e researc!ers clai&s9 i" all o" t!ose clai&s are tr%e.A/ T!e &ore s eetness rece'tors a 'erson !as on !is or !er ton#%e9 t!e &ore likel, it is t!at t!at 'erson ill "ind s eet sensations 'leas%rable. .1/ In s%""icient 0%antit,9 t!e &olec%les o" an, s%bstance can activate a s eetness rece'tor. .C/ 2o s%bstance ill be "o%nd t!at is 'erceived to be s eeter t!an t!e s%bstance t!e researc!ers !ave discovered. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GC<

.3/ A s%bstance t!at does not activate a s eetness rece'tor ill activate a taste rece'tor o" anot!er t,'e. .E/ T!e &ore &olec%les o" a s%bstance t!at are re0%ired to activate a sin#le s eetness rece'tor9 t!e &ore bitter t!at s%bstance ill be 'erceived to be. 1A. An editorial in t!e 3randburg Daily +erald clai&s t!at Grandb%r#s voters o%ld #enerall, elco&e t!e de"eat o" t!e 'olitical 'art, no in control o" t!e Grandb%r# Cit, Co%ncil. T!e editorial bases its clai& on a recent s%rve, t!at "o%nd t!at @H 'ercent o" Grandb%r#s re#istered voters t!ink t!at t!e 'art, ill de"initel, be o%t o" 'o er a"ter ne(t ,ears cit, co%ncil elections. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'rinci'le t!at9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld 'rovide t!e stron#est +%sti"ication "or t!e editorials concl%sion.A/ T!e a, voters "eel abo%t a 'olitical 'art, at a #iven ti&e can reasonabl, be considered a reliable indicator o" t!e a, t!e, ill contin%e to "eel abo%t t!at 'art,9 barrin# %n"oreseeable 'olitical develo'&ents. .1/ T!e res%lts o" s%rve,s t!at #a%#e c%rrent voter senti&ent to ard a #iven 'olitical 'art, can le#iti&atel, be %sed as t!e basis "or &akin# clai&s abo%t t!e likel, "%t%re 'ros'ects o" t!at 'olitical 'art,. .C/ An increase in ill8"eelin# to ard a 'olitical 'art, t!at is in 'o er can reasonabl, be e('ected to res%lt in a corres'ondin# increase in s%''ort "or rival 'olitical 'arties. .3/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" voters !o e('ect a #iven 'olitical 'ossibilit, to be reali)ed can le#iti&atel, be ass%&ed to a''ro(i&ate t!e 'ro'ortion o" voters !o are in "avor o" t!at 'ossibilit, bein# reali)ed. .E/ It can reasonabl, be ass%&ed t!at re#istered voters !o res'ond to a s%rve, re#ardin# t!e o%tco&e o" a "%t%re election ill e(ercise t!eir ri#!t to vote in t!at election. 1B. Frolon#ed e('os%re to nonioni)in# radiationKelectro&a#netic radiation at or belo t!e "re0%enc, o" visible li#!tKincreases a 'ersons c!ances o" develo'in# so"t8tiss%e cancer. Electric 'o er lines as ell as s%c! electrical a''liances as electric blankets and video8dis'la, ter&inals are so%rces o" nonioni)in# radiation. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is best s%''orted b, t!e state&ents above.A/ Feo'le it! s!ort8ter& e('os%re to nonioni)in# radiation are not at risk o" develo'in# so"t8tiss%e cancers. .1/ So"t8tiss%e cancers are &ore co&&on t!an ot!er cancers. .C/ So"t8tiss%e cancers are "re0%entl, c%red s'ontaneo%sl, !en so%rces o" nonioni)in# radiation are re&oved "ro& t!e 'atients !o&e. .3/ Certain electrical devices can 'ose !ealt! risks "or t!eir %sers. .E/ 3evices 'rod%cin# electro&a#netic radiation at "re0%encies !i#!er t!an t!at o" visible li#!t do not increase a 'ersons risk o" develo'in# so"t8tiss%e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GCC

cancers. 1H. In t!e "irst decade "ollo in# t!e "o%ndin# o" t!e 1ritis! Labo%r 'art,9 t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le re#%larl, votin# "or Labo%r increased "ive"old. T!e n%&ber o" co&&itted Labo%r voters increased a "%rt!er "ive"old d%rin# t!e 'art,s second decade. Since t!e increase as t!%s t!e sa&e in t!e "irst as in t!e second decade9 t!e o"ten8&ade clai& t!at t!e Labo%r 'art, #ained &ove voters in t!e 'art,s second decade t!an in its "irst is clearl, "alse. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ "ails to s'eci", dates necessar, to eval%ate t!e tr%t! o" t!e concl%sion9 even t!o%#! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends on distin#%is!in# bet een t o ti&e 'eriods .1/ dra s a concl%sion t!at cannot be tr%e i" all t!e data advanced in its s%''ort are tr%e .C/ relies on statistical evidence t!at9 strictl, s'eakin#9 is irrelevant to establis!in# t!e concl%sion dra n .3/ "ails to allo "or t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e 'olic, 'ositions advocated b, t!e Labo%r 'art, c!an#ed d%rin# t!e 'eriod in 0%estion .E/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at &ore elections ere !eld in one o" t!e t o decades t!an ere !eld in t!e ot!er Questions !0-!1 A n%&ber o" serio%sl, interested a&ate%r astrono&ers !ave tested t!e ne E(od%s re"ractor telesco'e. 6it! it9 t!e, ere able to observe in cris' detail 'lanetar, "eat%res t!at ere seen onl, as "%)), i&a#es in t!eir B8inc! .a''ro(i&atel, 5I8centi&eter/ 2e tonian telesco'es9 even t!o%#! t!e B8inc! telesco'es9 it! t!eir ider a'ert%res9 #at!er &ore li#!t t!an t!e C8inc! .a''ro(i&atel, 1I8centi&eter/ E(od%s. Given t!ese a&ate%r astrono&ers observational "indin#s9 an, serio%s a&ate%r astrono&ers o%#!t to c!oose t!e E(od%s i" s!e or !e is b%,in# a telesco'e "or 'lanetar, observation. 5I. T!e ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ eval%atin# t!e credibilit, o" clai&s &ade b, a 'artic%lar #ro%' .1/ detailin# t!e a,s in !ic! a testin# sit%ation a''ro(i&ates t!e conditions o" ordinar, %se .C/ 'lacin# a '!eno&enon in a ider conte(t in order to e('lain it .3/ s%''ortin# a reco&&endation to a #ro%' on t!e basis o" t!e e('erience o" a s%bset o" t!at #ro%' .E/ distin#%is!in# bet een t!e act%al reasons !, a certain #ro%' did a 'artic%lar t!in# and t!e best reasons "or doin# t!at t!in# 51. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Telesco'es o" certain t,'es ill not 'er"or& ell %nless t!e, !ave been 'recisel, colli&ated9 a delicate ad+%st&ent re0%irin# de"tness.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GC@

.1/ I&a#e 0%alit, is onl, one o" several di""erent "actors t!at9 taken to#et!er9 s!o%ld deter&ine t!e c!oice o" a telesco'e "or 'lanetar, observation. .C/ Man, serio%s a&ate%r astrono&ers !ave no intention o" b%,in# a telesco'e "or 'lanetar, observation. .3/ T!e co&'arisons &ade b, t!e a&ate%r astrono&ers ere based on observations &ade d%rin# several di""erent observation sessions. .E/ T!e s%bstance %sed to &ake t!e lenses o" E(od%s telesco'es di""ers "ro& t!at %sed in t!e lenses o" ot!er telesco'es. 55. Anato&ical bilateral s,&&etr, is a co&&on trait. It "ollo s9 t!ere"ore9 t!at it con"ers s%rvival advanta#es on or#anis&s. A"ter all9 i" bilateral s,&&etr, did not con"er s%c! advanta#es9 it o%ld not be co&&on. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Since it is Sa ,er !o is ne#otiatin# "or t!e cit, #overn&ent9 it &%st be tr%e t!at t!e cit, takes t!e &atter serio%sl,. A"ter all9 i" Sa ,er !ad not been available9 t!e cit, o%ld !ave insisted t!at t!e ne#otiations be de"erred. .1/ Clearl,9 no candidate is better 0%ali"ied "or t!e +ob t!an Tr%&b%ll. In "act9 even to s%##est t!at t!ere &i#!t be a &ore !i#!l, 0%ali"ied candidate see&s abs%rd to t!ose !o !ave seen Tr%&b%ll at ork. .C/ I" Fo ell lacked s%'erior ne#otiatin# skills9 s!e o%ld not !ave been a''ointed arbitrator in t!is case. As ever,one kno s9 s!e is t!e a''ointed arbitrator9 so !er ne#otiatin# skills are9 detractors not it!standin#9 bo%nd to be s%'erior. .3/ Since 4ar#a as a a, on vacation at t!e ti&e9 it &%st !ave been Rivers !o cond%cted t!e secret ne#otiations. An, ot!er scenario &akes little sense9 "or Rivers never does t!e ne#otiatin# %nless 4ar#a is %navailable. .E/ I" 6on# is a''ointed arbitrator9 a decision ill be reac!ed 'ro&'tl,. Since it o%ld be abs%rd to a''oint an,one ot!er t!an 6on# as arbitrator9 a 'ro&'t decision can reasonabl, be e('ected. 5<. Electrical en#ineers !ave re'eatedl, de&onstrated t!at t!e best solid8state a&'li"iers are indistin#%is!able "ro& t!e best vac%%&8t%be a&'li"iers it! res'ect to t!e c!aracteristics co&&onl, &eas%red in eval%atin# t!e 0%alit, o" an a&'li"iers &%sical re'rod%ction. T!ere"ore9 t!ose &%sic lovers !o insist t!at recorded &%sic so%nds better !en 'la,ed it! t!e best vac%%& t%be a&'li"ier &%st be i&a#inin# t!e di""erence in 0%alit, t!at t!e, clai& to !ear. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Man, 'eo'le cannot tell "ro& listenin# to it !et!er a recordin# is bein# 'la,ed it! a ver, #ood solid8state a&'li"ier or a ver, #ood vac%%&8t%be a&'li"ier. .1/ T!e ran#e o" variation it! res'ect to t!e 0%alit, o" &%sical re'rod%ction is http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GCG

#reater "or vac%%& t%be a&'li"iers t!an "or solid8state a&'li"iers. .C/ So&e o" t!e c!aracteristics t!at are i&'ortant in deter&inin# !o &%sic so%nds to a listener cannot be &eas%red. .3/ Solid8state a&'li"iers are &ore co&'act9 %se less 'o er9 and #enerate less !eat t!an vac%%&8t%be a&'li"iers t!at 'rod%ce a co&'arable vol%&e o" so%nd. .E/ So&e vac%%&8t%be a&'li"iers are clearl, s%'erior to so&e solid8state a&'li"iers it! res'ect to c!aracteristics co&&onl, &eas%red in t!e laborator, to eval%ate t!e 0%alit, o" an a&'li"iers &%sical re'rod%ction. 5C. E('lanation &%st be distin#%is!ed "ro& +%sti"ication. Ever, !%&an action 'otentiall, !as an e('lanation9 t!at is9 it! s%""icient kno led#e it o%ld be 'ossible to #ive an acc%rate descri'tion o" t!e ca%ses o" t!at action. An action is +%sti"ied onl, !en t!e 'erson 'er"or&in# t!e action !as s%""icient reasons "or t!e action. Accordin# to &an, 's,c!olo#ists9 even !en t!ere is a +%sti"ication "or an action9 t!at +%sti"ication o"ten "or&s no 'art o" t!e e('lanation. T!e #eneral 'rinci'le9 !o ever9 is t!at onl, an action !ose +%sti"ication9 t!at is9 t!e reasons "or t!e action9 "or&s an essential 'art o" its e('lanation is rational. I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are correct9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, concl%ded "ro& t!e&.A/ 6!en a !%&an action is +%sti"ied9 t!at action !as no e('lanation. .1/ I" t!ere are an, reasons a&on# t!e ca%ses o" an action9 t!en t!at action rational. .C/ So&e 's,c!olo#ists believe t!at t!e +%sti"ication "or an action never "or&s an essential 'art o" its e('lanation. .3/ T!ere are actions !ose ca%ses cannot be discovered. .E/ I" an, !%&an actions are rational9 t!en reasons &%st so&eti&es be ca%ses o" actions. 5@. At t!e co&'an, 'icnic9 all o" t!e e&'lo,ees !o 'artici'ated in &ore t!an "o%r o" t!e sc!ed%led events9 and onl, t!ose e&'lo,ees ere eli#ible "or t!e ra""le !eld at t!e end o" t!e da,. Since onl, a s&all 'ro'ortion o" t!e e&'lo,ees ere eli#ible "or t!e ra""le9 &ost o" t!e e&'lo,ees &%st !ave 'artici'ated in "e er t!an "o%r o" t!e sc!ed%led events. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents e(!ibits a "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# &ost like t!at e(!ibited b, t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 7nl, t!ird8and "o%rt!8,ear st%dents are allo ed to kee' cars on ca&'%s. Since one 0%arter o" t!e t!ird8,ear st%dents kee' cars on ca&'%s and one !al" o" t!e "o%rt!8,ear st%dents kee' cars on ca&'%s9 it &%st be t!at "e er t!ird8,ear st%dents t!an "o%rt!8,ear st%dents kee' cars on ca&'%s. .1/ 7nl, t!ose violin st%dents !o attended e(tra re!earsal sessions ere eli#ible "or selection as soloists. Since t o o" t!e violin st%dents ere http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GCA

selected as soloists9 t!ose t o &%st !ave been t!e onl, violin st%dents !o attended t!e e(tra sessions. .C/ T!e onl, st%dents !onored at a s'ecial ban0%et ere t!e band &e&bers !o &ade t!e deans list last se&ester. Since &ost t!e band &e&bers ere !onored9 &ost o" t!e band &e&bers &%st !ave &ade t!e deans list. .3/ All o" t!e &e&bers o" t!e service cl%b !o vol%nteered at t!e !os'ital last s%&&er ere biolo#, &a+ors. Since ten o" t!e cl%b &e&bers are biolo#, &a+ors9 t!ose ten &e&bers &%st !ave vol%nteered at t!e !os'ital last s%&&er. .E/ All o" t!e s i& tea& &e&bers !o !ad decreased t!eir racin# ti&es d%rin# t!e season ere #iven a ards t!at no ot!er &e&bers ere #iven. Since "e er t!an !al" t!e tea& &e&bers ere #iven s%c! a ards9 t!e racin# ti&es o" &ore t!an !al" t!e tea& &e&bers &%st !ave increased d%rin# t!e season.

TEST 21
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Fress release: A co&'re!ensive revie eval%atin# t!e &edical st%dies done %' to t!e 'resent ti&e !as "o%nd no reason to t!ink t!at drinkin# co""ee in nor&al a&o%nts !ar&s t!e co""ee8drinkers !eart. So co""ee drinkers can rela( and en+o, t!eir bevera#eKit is sa"e to drink co""ee. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'oints to a eakness in t!e reasonin# in t!e 'ress releases ar#%&ent.A/ T!e revie as onl, an eval%ation o" st%dies and did not itsel" %ndertake to st%d, 'atients. .1/ T!e !ealt! o" t!e !eart is not identical it! t!e #eneral !ealt! o" t!e bod,. .C/ Co""ee drinkers &i#!t c!oose to eat alon# it! t!eir co""ee "oods containin# s%bstances t!at !ar& t!e !eart. .3/ 7t!er bevera#es besides co""ee &i#!t contain sti&%lants t!at !ave so&e e""ect on t!e !eart. .E/ 3rinkin# %n%s%all, lar#e a&o%nts o" co""ee co%ld be ca%sed b, stress t!at itsel" directl, !ar&s t!e !eart.

5.

All 'eo'le 're"er colors t!at t!e, can distin#%is! easil, to colors t!at t!e, !ave di""ic%lt, distin#%is!in#. In"ants can easil, distin#%is! bri#!t colors b%t9 %nlike ad%lts9 !ave di""ic%lt, distin#%is!in# s%btle s!ades. A bri#!tl, colored to, "or in"ants sells better t!an t!e sa&e to, in s%btle s!ades at t!e sa&e 'rice. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GCB

in"or&ation in t!e 'assa#e.A/ In"ants 're"er bri#!t 'ri&ar, colors to bri#!t secondar, colors. .1/ Color is t!e &ost i&'ortant "actor in deter&inin# !ic! to,s an in"ant ill 're"er to 'la, it!. .C/ Individ%al in"ants do not !ave stron# 're"erences "or one 'artic%lar bri#!t color over ot!er bri#!t colors. .3/ T!e sales o" to,s o" in"ants re"lect t!e 're"erences o" in"ants in at least one res'ect. .E/ To, &akers st%d, in"ants to deter&ine !at colors t!e in"ants can distin#%is! easil,. <. A #ro%' o" %n%s%al &eteorites as "o%nd in S!er#ott,9 India. T!eir str%ct%re indicates t!at t!e, ori#inated on one o" t!e #eolo#icall, active 'lanets: Merc%r,9 4en%s9 or Mars. 1eca%se o" Merc%r,s 'ro(i&it, to t!e S%n9 an, &aterial dislod#ed "ro& t!at 'lanets s%r"ace o%ld !ave been ca't%red b, t!e S%n9 rat!er t!an "allin# to Eart! as &eteorites. 2or co%ld 4en%s be t!e so%rce o" t!e &eteorites9 beca%se its #ravit, o%ld !ave 'revented dislod#ed &aterial "ro& esca'in# into s'ace. T!e &eteorites9 t!ere"ore9 'robabl, "ell to Eart! a"ter bein# dislod#ed "ro& Mars9 'er!a's as t!e res%lt o" a collision it! a lar#e ob+ect. T!e ar#%&ent derives its concl%sion b, .A/ o""erin# a co%ntere(a&'le to a t!eor, .1/ eli&inatin# co&'etin# alternative e('lanations .C/ contrastin# 'resent circ%&stances it! 'ast circ%&stances .3/ 0%estionin# an ass%&'tion .E/ abstractin# a #eneral 'rinci'le "ro& s'eci"ic data C. 1eca%se 0%ittin# s&okin# is ver, stress"%l and leads to ei#!t #ain9 it is di""ic%lt to do. T!e ke, to 0%ittin#9 !o ever9 &a, be as si&'le as re'lacin# an %n!ealt!, activit, it! a !ealt!, one. In one st%d, !al" o" t!ose atte&'tin# to 0%it ere assi#ned to a s&okin#8cessation 'ro#ra& alone9 and t!e ot!er !al" ere assi#ned to t!e sa&e 'ro#ra& 'l%s "i"teen eeks o" aerobic e(ercise. At t!e one8&ont! &ark none in t!e "irst #ro%' !ad 0%it9 b%t CI 'ercent o" t!ose in t!e second #ro%' !ad not s&oked. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides so&e s%''ort "or t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ Re#%lar e(ercise 'revents ei#!t #ain. .1/ Eac! #ro%' in t!e st%d, incl%ded "o%r !%ndred rando&l, selected 'artici'ants. .C/ 2ons&okers acc%sto&ed to re#%lar e(ercise do not #ain ei#!t !en t!e, sto' e(ercisin#. .3/ Aerobic e(ercise can sti&%late t!e brains 'rod%ction o" endor'!ins9 !ic! red%ce tension. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GCH

.E/ 7" t!ose in t!e second #ro%' in t!e st%d,9 <B 'ercent !ad not s&oked at t!e one8,ear &ark. @. Alto#et!er9 t!e st%dents in Ms. Tarno skis Milton Ele&entar, Sc!ool class collected &ore al%&in%& cans t!an did t!e st%dents in an, o" t!e sc!ools ot!er classes. T!ere"ore9 t!e Milton st%dent !o collected t!e &ost al%&in%& cans as in Ms. Tarno skis class. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents contains "la ed reasonin# t!at is &ost 'arallel to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Alto#et!er9 &ore trees ere 'lanted b, t!e st%dents in Mr. Mell,s class t!an ere 'lanted b, t!ose in Mr. Lian#s class and Mr. Jacksons class co&bined. T!ere"ore9 Mr. Mell,s st%dents 'lanted &ore trees t!an Mr. Jacksons st%dents 'lanted. .1/ More t!an !al" o" Milton Ele&entar, Sc!ools st%dents 'la, in t!e band and &ore t!an !al" o" t!e sc!ools st%dents sin# in t!e c!oir. T!ere"ore9 ever, st%dent at Milton Ele&entar, Sc!ool eit!er 'la,s in t!e band or sin#s in t!e c!oir. .C/ Mr. Ro es Milton Ele&entar, Sc!ool class raised &ore &one, b, sellin# cand, bars t!an Ms :%nts class raised b, !oldin# a ra""le. T!ere"ore9 t!e n%&ber o" cand, bars sold b, Mr. Ro es class as #reater t!an t!e n%&ber o" ra""le tickets sold b, Ms. :%nts class. .3/ T!e total n%&ber o" tickets to t!e sc!ool "air sold b, t!e st%dents in Ms. Ra&ire)s Milton Ele&entar, Sc!ool class as #reater t!an t!e n%&ber sold b, Milton st%dents "ro& an, ot!er class. T!ere"ore9 t!e Milton st%dent !o sold t!e &ost tickets to t!e sc!ool "air as a st%dent in Ms. Ra&ire)s class. .E/ Ms. 4ent%ras Milton Ele&entar, Sc!ool class asse&bled &ore bird!o%ses t!an did an, o" t!e sc!ools ot!er classes. Since Ms 4ent%ras class !ad "e er st%dents t!an an, ot!er Milton class9 !er st%dents asse&bled &ore bird!o%se on avera#e t!an did t!e st%dents in an, ot!er Milton class. G. Several e(cellent candidates !ave been 'ro'osed "or t!e 'residenc, o" =nited 6ire and eac! candidate o%ld brin# to t!e +ob di""erent . / and e('erience. I" t!e ot!ers are co&'ared it! Jones9 !o ever9 it ill be a''arent t!at none o" t!e& !as !er %ni0%e set o" 0%ali"ications. Jones9 t!ere"ore9 is best 0%ali"ied to be t!e ne 'resident o" =nited 6ire. T!e ar#%&ent is v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nd t!at it .A/ %ses "latter, to in over t!ose !o !old an o''osin# 'osition .1/ re"%tes a distorted version o" an o''osin# 'osition .C/ seeks to distin#%is! one &e&ber o" a #ro%' on t!e basis o" so&et!in# t!at a''lies to all .3/ s%''orts %niversal clai& on t!e basis o" a sin#le e(a&'le .E/ describes an individ%al in ter&s t!at a''ro'riatel, re"er onl, to t!e #ro%' as a http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@I

!ole A. A nei#!bor!ood #ro%' 'lans to 'rotest t!e closin# o" t!e nei#!bor!oods onl, recreation center on t!e #ro%nds t!at to do so o%ld leave t!e nei#!bor!ood it!o%t local access to a recreation center. >7%r nei#!bor!ood alread, !as t!e &ost residents 'er center o" an, nei#!bor!ood in t!e cit,9? co&'lained one resident9 >and closin# t!is center o%ld &ake t!e sit%ation %nacce'table since access to recreational "acilities is a necessit, "or t!is nei#!bor!ood.? Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e residents ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ A lar#e n%&ber o" t!e nei#!bor!oods residents are %nable to travel o%tside t!eir localit, to #ain access to recreational "acilities. .1/ C!ildren9 t!e &ain %sers o" recreational "acilities9 &ake %' a dis'ro'ortionatel, s&all se#&ent o" t!e nei#!bor!oods 'o'%lation. .C/ 7"ten t!e recreation center in t!e nei#!bor!ood is o'en b%t not bein# %sed. .3/ Fro#ra&s t!at are ro%tinel, "illed at ot!er recreation centers &%st be canceled at t!e nei#!bor!oods recreation center d%e to lack o" interest. .E/ As 'eo'le beco&e &ore involved in co&'%ters and co&'%ter #a&es9 recreation centers are beco&in# increasin#l, less i&'ortant. B. Sociolo#ist: T!e clai& t!at t!ere is a lar#e n%&ber o" violent cri&es in o%r societ, is "alse9 "or t!is clai& is based %'on t!e lar#e n%&ber o" stories in ne s'a'ers abo%t violent cri&es. 1%t since violent cri&es are ver, rare occ%rrences9 ne s'a'ers are likel, to 'rint stories abo%t t!e&. T!e sociolo#ists ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se it .A/ 'res%''oses t!at &ost ne s'a'er stories are abo%t violent cri&e .1/ 'res%''oses t!e tr%t! o" t!e concl%sion it is atte&'tin# to establis! .C/ ass%&es it!o%t arrant t!at t!e ne s'a'er stories in 0%estion are not biased .3/ &istakes 'ro'ert, o" eac! &e&ber o" a #ro%' taken as an individ%al "or a 'ro'ert, o" t!e #ro%' taken as a !ole .E/ %ncriticall, dra s an in"erence "ro& !at !as been tr%e in t!e 'ast to !at ill be tr%e in t!e "%t%re H. :istorian: An,one !o t!inks t!at t!e terrors o" t!e ancient re#i&e o" N ere e(cl%sivel, t!e ork o" "anatics is overlookin# a basic tr%t!: t!e re#i&e as &ade %' 'ri&aril, o" ordinar, 'eo'le ent!%siasticall, seekin# 'aradise. T!e re#i&e e(ec%ted &an, 'eo'le in '%rs%it o" its #oal9 b%t it later beca&e clear t!at 'aradise as t!e, de"ined it9 is %nreali)able. So at least so&e o" t!e ordinar, 'eo'le o" N ere in "act &%rderers. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e !istorians ar#%&entation.A/ T!e '%rs%it o" 'aradise does not +%sti", &%rder. .1/ T!e '%rs%it o" 'aradise +%sti"ies "anaticis&. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@1

.C/ E(ec%tion in '%rs%it o" !at is later "o%nd to be %nattainable constit%tes &%rder. .3/ $anaticis& in '%rs%it o" 'aradise constit%tes in!%&anit,. .E/ Ent!%sias& in '%rs%it o" !at is event%all, "o%nd to be %nattainable constit%tes "anaticis&. 1I. Econo&ist: T!e econo&, see&s to be !eadin# o%t o" recession. Recent "i#%res s!o t!at cons%&ers are b%,in# &ore d%rable #oods t!an be"ore9 indicatin# t!at t!e, e('ect econo&ic #ro t! in t!e near "%t%re. T!at cons%&ers are b%,in# &ore d%rable #oods t!an be"ore "i#%res in t!e econo&ists ar#%&ent in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# a,s.A/ It is t!e '!eno&enon t!at t!e ar#%&ent seeks to e('lain. .1/ Its tr%t! is re0%ired in order "or t!e ar#%&ents concl%sion to be tr%e. .C/ It is an in"erence dra n "ro& t!e 're&ise t!at t!e recession see&s to be endin#. .3/ It is an in"erence dra n "ro& t!e 're&ise t!at cons%&ers e('ect econo&ic #ro t! in t!e near "%t%re. .E/ It is t!e 'ri&ar, evidence "ro& !ic! t!e ar#%&ents concl%sion is dra n. 11. 2ot s%r'risin#l,9 t!ere are no 'ro"essors %nder t!e a#e o" ei#!teen. And as is ell kno n9 no one %nder ei#!teen can vote le#all,. $inall, so&e brilliant 'eo'le are 'ro"essors9 so&e are le#al voters9 and so&e are %nder ei#!teen. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!en on t!e basis o" t!e& !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ 2o 'ro"essors are ei#!teen8,ear8olds. .1/ All brilliant 'eo'le are eit!er 'ro"essors9 le#al voters9 or %nder ei#!teen. .C/ So&e le#al voters are not 'ro"essors. .3/ So&e 'ro"essors are neit!er le#al voters nor brilliant 'eo'le. .E/ So&e brilliant 'eo'le are neit!er 'ro"essors nor le#al voters. 15. $or ,ears scientists !ave been scannin# t!e skies in t!e !o'e o" "indin# li"e on ot!er 'lanets. 1%t in s'ite o" t!e ever8increasin# so'!istication o" t!e e0%i'&ent t!e, e&'lo,9 so&e o" it costin# !%ndreds o" &illions o" dollars9 not t!e "irst s!red o" evidence o" s%c! li"e !as been "ort!co&in#. And t!ere is no reason to t!ink t!at t!ese scientists ill be an, &ore s%ccess"%l in t!e "%t%re9 no &atter !o &%c! &one, is invested in t!e searc!. T!e drea& o" "indin# e(traterrestrial li"e is destined to re&ain a drea& as sciences e('erience %' to t!is 'oint s!o%ld indicate. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, states t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!ere is no reason to believe t!at li"e e(ists on ot!er 'lanets. .1/ T!e e0%i'&ent t!at scientists e&'lo, is not as so'!isticated as it s!o%ld be. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@5

.C/ Scientists searc!in# "or e(traterrestrial li"e ill not "ind it. .3/ 7nl, i" scientists !ad alread, "o%nd evidence o" li"e on ot!er 'lanets o%ld contin%ed searc! be +%sti"ied. .E/ 6e s!o%ld not s'end &one, on so'!isticated e0%i'&ent to aid in t!e searc! "or e(traterrestrial li"e. 1<. Carls Co""ee E&'ori%& stocks onl, t o deca""einated co""ees: $renc! Roast and Moc!a Java. *%se" onl, serves deca""einated co""ee and t!e co""ee !e served a"ter dinner last ni#!t as .-/ s&oot! and &ello !ave been $renc! Roast. So9 i" *%se" still #ets all !is co""ee "ro& Carls9 !at !e served last ni#!t as Moc!a Java. T!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar in its lo#ical str%ct%re to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Sa&%el ants to take t!ree "riends to t!e beac!. :is &ot!er o ns bot! a sedan and a convertible. T!e convertible !olds "o%r 'eo'le so9 alt!o%#! t!e sedan !as a &ore 'o er"%l en#ine9 i" Sa&%el borro s a ve!icle "ro& !is &ot!er9 !e ill borro t!e convertible. .1/ I" Anna ants to alk "ro& !er !o%se to t!e o""ice !ere s!e orks9 s!e &%st eit!er #o t!ro%#! t!e 'ark or take t!e over'ass across t!e railroad tracks. T!e 'ark 'at!s are &%dd, and Anna does not like %sin# t!e over'ass so s!e never alks to ork. .C/ Rose can eit!er take a t o8 eek vacation in J%l, or ait %ntil 7ctober and take a t!ree8 eek vacation. T!e trail s!e !ad 'lanned to !ike re0%ires t!ree eeks to co&'lete b%t is closed b, 7ctober9 so i" Rose takes a vacation it ill not be t!e one s!e !ad 'lanned. .3/ 6erdi(9 Inc. !as o""ered Arno a c!oice bet een a +ob in sales and a +ob in researc!. Arno o%ld like to ork at 6erdi( b%t !e o%ld never take a +ob in sales !en anot!er +ob is available9 so i" !e acce'ts one o" t!ese +obs it ill be t!e one in researc!. .E/ I" Teresa does not "ire !er assistant9 !er sta"" ill rebel and !er de'art&ents e""icienc, ill decline. Losin# !er assistant o%ld also red%ce its e""icienc,9 so9 i" no alternative sol%tion can be "o%nd9 T!eresas de'art&ent ill beco&e less e""icient. 1C. Steven: T!e allo able blood alco!ol level "or drivers s!o%ld be c%t in !al". 6it! t!is red%ced li&it9 social drinkers ill be deterred "ro& drinkin# and drivin#9 res%ltin# in si#ni"icantl, increased !i#! a, sa"et,. Mi#%el: 2o lo erin# t!e c%rrent allo able blood alco!ol level o%ld !ave little e""ect on !i#! a, sa"et, beca%se it o%ld not address t!e &ost i&'ortant as'ect o" t!e dr%nken drivin# 'roble&9 !ic! is t!e dan#er to t!e '%blic 'osed b, !eav, drinkers9 !o o"ten drive it! a blood alco!ol level o" t ice t!e c%rrent le#al li&it. Steven and Mi#%els state&ents 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or .-/ t!at t!e, o%ld disa#ree abo%t t!e tr%t! o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&entshttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@<

.A/ Social drinkers !o drink and drive 'ose a s%bstantial t!reat to t!e '%blic. .1/ T!ere is a direct correlation bet een a drivers blood alco!ol level and t!e drivers abilit, to drive sa"el,. .C/ A driver it! a blood alco!ol level above t!e c%rrent le#al li&it 'oses a s%bstantial dan#er to t!e '%blic. .3/ So&e drivers !ose blood alco!ol level is lo er t!an t!e c%rrent le#al li&it 'ose a dan#er to t!e '%blic. .E/ A driver it! a blood alco!ol level sli#!tl, #reater t!an !al" t!e c%rrent le#al li&it 'oses no dan#er to t!e '%blic. Questions 15-1& T!e a%t!ors o" a recent article e(a&ined arnin#s o" an i&'endin# ave o" e(tinctions o" ani&al s'ecies it!in t!e ne(t 1II ,ears. T!ese a%t!ors sa, t!at no evidence e(ists to s%''ort t!e idea t!at t!e rate o" e(tinction o" ani&al s'ecies is no acceleratin#. T!e, are ron#9 !o ever. Consider onl, t!e data on "is!es: CI s'ecies and s%bs'ecies o" 2ort! A&erican "is!es !ave vanis!ed in t!e t entiet! cent%r,9 1< bet een 1HII and 1H@I9 and 5A since 1H@I. 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!ere is evidence t!at t!e rate o" e(tinction o" ani&al s'ecies is acceleratin#. .1/ T!e "%t%re rate o" e(tinction o" ani&al s'ecies cannot be deter&ined "ro& available evidence. .C/ T!e rate o" e(tinction o" 2ort! A&erican "is!es is 'arallel to t!e rate o" e(tinction o" all ani&al s'ecies taken to#et!er. .3/ $ort, s'ecies and s%bs'ecies o" 2ort! A&erican "is!es !ave vanis!ed in t!e t entiet! cent%r,. .E/ A s%bstantial n%&ber o" "is! s'ecies are in dan#er o" i&&inent e(tinction. 1G. T!e ans er to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 0%estions o%ld contrib%te &ost to an eval%ation o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 6ere t!e "is! s'ecies and s%bs'ecies t!at beca&e e(tinct %nre'resentative o" ani&al s'ecies in #eneral it! re#ard to t!eir 'attern o" e(tinction.1/ :o n%&ero%s ere t!e 'o'%lations in 1H@I o" t!e s'ecies and s%bs'ecies o" 2ort! A&erican "is!es t!at !ave beco&e e(tinct since 1H@I.C/ 3id an, o" t!e s'ecies or s%bs'ecies o" 2ort! A&erican "is!es t!at beca&e e(tinct in t!e t entiet! cent%r, ori#inate in re#ions o%tside o" 2ort! A&erica.3/ 6!at 'ro'ortion o" 2ort! A&erican "is! s'ecies and s%bs'ecies !ose 'o'%lations ere endan#ered in 1H@I are no t!rivin#.E/ 6ere an, o" t!e s'ecies or s%bs'ecies o" 2ort! A&erican "is!es t!at beca&e e(tinct in t!e t entiet! cent%r, co&&erciall, i&'ortant-

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@C

1A. A"ter t!e Second 6orld 6ar9 t!e c!arter o" t!e ne l, "or&ed =nited 2ations establis!ed an eleven8&e&ber Sec%rit, Co%ncil and c!ar#ed it it! takin# collective action in res'onse to t!reats to orld 'eace. T!e c!arter "%rt!er 'rovided t!at t!e "ive nations t!at ere t!en t!e &a+or 'o ers o%ld 'er&anentl, !ave sole a%t!orit, to cast vetoes. T!e reason #iven "or t!is arran#e&ent as t!at t!e b%rden o" &aintainin# orld 'eace o%ld rest on t!e orlds &a+or 'o ers and .-/ s!o%ld be re0%ired to ass%&e t!e b%rden o" en"orcin# a decision it "o%nd re'%#nant. T!e reasonin# #iven "or t!e str%ct%re o" t!e Sec%rit, Co%ncil ass%&es t!at .A/ it does not &ake sense to 'rovide "or de&ocrac, a&on# nations !en nations t!e&selves are not all de&ocracies .1/ no nation t!at as not a&on# t!e &a+or 'o ers at t!e end o" t!e Second 6orld 6ar o%ld beco&e a &a+or 'o er .C/ nations o%ld not event%all, #ravitate into lar#e #eo#ra'!ical blocs9 eac! containin# &inor 'o ers as ell as at least one &a+or 'o er .3/ &inor 'o ers o%ld not all, t!e&selves it! &a+or 'o ers to #ain t!e 'rotection o" t!e veto e(ercised b, &a+or 'o ers .E/ decisions reac!ed b, a &a+orit, o" nations in res'onse to t!reats to orld 'eace o%ld be biased in "avor o" one or &ore &a+or 'o ers 1B. Environ&ental scientist: It is tr%e t!at over t!e 'ast ten ,ears9 t!ere !as been a si("old increase in #overn&ent "%ndin# "or t!e 'reservation o" etlands !ile t!e total area o" etlands needin# s%c! 'reservation !as increased onl, t o"old .alt!o%#! t!is area as alread, lar#e ten ,ears a#o/. Even !en in"lation is taken into acco%nt9 t!e a&o%nt o" "%ndin# no is at least t!ree ti&es !at it as ten ,ears a#o. 2evert!eless9 t!e c%rrent a&o%nt o" #overn&ent "%ndin# "or t!e 'reservation o" etlands is inade0%ate and s!o%ld be a%#&ented. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to reconcile t!e environ&ental scientists concl%sion it! t!e evidence cited above.A/ T!e #overn&ental a#enc, res'onsible "or ad&inisterin# etland8 'reservation "%nds !as been consistentl, &is&ana#ed and r%n ine""icientl, over t!e 'ast ten ,ears. .1/ 7ver t!e 'ast ten ,ears9 t!e salaries o" scientists e&'lo,ed b, t!e #overn&ent to ork on t!e 'reservation o" etlands !ave increased at a rate !i#!er t!an t!e in"lation rate. .C/ Researc! over t!e 'ast ten ,ears !as enabled scientists toda, to identi", etlands in need o" 'reservation ell be"ore t!e areas are at serio%s risk o" destr%ction. .3/ More 'eo'le toda, scientists and nonscientists alike9 are orkin# to 'reserve all nat%ral reso%rces incl%din# etlands. .E/ =nlike toda,9 "%ndin# "or t!e 'reservation o" etlands as al&ost none(istent ten ,ears a#o. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@@

1H. In A%stralia t!e 'o'%lation t!at is o" drivin# a#e !as #ro n lar#e over t!e last "ive ,ears9 b%t t!e ann%al n%&ber o" tra""ic "atalities !as declined. T!is leads to t!e concl%sion t!at9 overall9 t!e drivin#8a#e 'o'%lation o" A%stralia consists o" &ore skill"%l drivers no t!an "ive ,ears a#o. Eac! o" t!e state&ents belo 9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ T!ree ,ears a#o9 a &andator, seat8belt la A%stralia. ent into e""ect t!ro%#!o%t

.1/ $ive ,ears a#o9 A%stralia be#an a &a+or road re'air 'ro+ect. .C/ 1eca%se o" increases in t!e 'rice o" "%el9 A%stralians on avera#e drive less eac! ,ear t!an in t!e 'recedin# ,ear. .3/ T!e n%&ber o" !os'ital e&er#enc, "acilities in A%stralia !as do%bled in t!e last "ive ,ears. .E/ In res'onse to an increase in tra""ic "atalities9 A%stralia instit%ted a 'ro#ra& o" &andator, driver ed%cation "ive ,ears a#o. 5I. Ant!ro'olo#ical st%dies indicate t!at distinct c%lt%re di""ers in t!eir &oral codes. T!%s9 as lon# as t!ere are distinct c%lt%res t!ere are no val%es s!ared across c%lt%res. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld eaken t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ Ant!ro'olo#ists rel, on inade0%ate translation tec!ni0%es to investi#ate t!e val%es o" c%lt%res t!at %se lan#%a#es di""erent "ro& t!e ant!ro'olo#ists lan#%a#es. .1/ As a res%lt o" advancin# tec!nolo#, and #lobal co&&%nication e ill so&eda, all s!are t!e sa&e c%lt%re and t!e sa&e val%es. .C/ Alt!o%#! s'eci"ic &oral val%es di""er across c%lt%res9 &ore #eneral &oral 'rinci'les9 s%c! as >$riends!i' is #ood9? are co&&on to all c%lt%res. .3/ T!e ant!ro'olo#ists !o !ave st%died vario%s c%lt%res !ave been biased in "avor o" "indin# di""erences rat!er t!an si&ilarities bet een distinct c%lt%res. .E/ 6!at a''ear to be di""erences in val%es bet een distinct c%lt%res are not!in# &ore t!an di""erences in belie"s abo%t !o to live in accordance it! s!ared val%es. 51. 2e s'a'er editor: La en"orce&ent e('erts9 as ell as &ost citi)ens9 !ave "inall, co&e to reco#ni)e t!at le#al 'ro!ibitions a#ainst #a&blin# all s!are a co&&on "la : no &atter !o dili#ent t!e e""ort9 t!e la s are i&'ossible to en"orce. Et!ical 0%al&s not it!standin#9 !en a la "ails to be e""ective9 it s!o%ld not be a la . T!at is !, t!ere s!o%ld be no le#al 'ro!ibition a#ainst #a&blin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" ass%&ed9 allo s t!e ar#%&ents concl%sion to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ 2o e""ective la is %nen"orceable. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@G

.1/ All en"orceable la s are e""ective. .C/ 2o le#al 'ro!ibitions a#ainst #a&blin# are en"orceable. .3/ Most citi)ens &%st a#ree it! a la "or t!e la to be e""ective. .E/ Most citi)ens &%st a#ree it! a la "or t!e la to be en"orceable. 55. Co'ernic%ss astrono&ical s,ste& is s%'erior to Ftole&,s and as so at t!e ti&e it as 'ro'osed9 even t!o%#! at t!at ti&e all observational evidence as e0%all, consistent it! bot! t!eories. Ftole&, believed t!at t!e stars revolved aro%nd t!e eart! at #reat s'eeds. T!is str%ck Co'ernic%s as %nlikel,D !e correctl, t!o%#!t t!at a si&'ler t!eor, is t!at t!e eart! rotates on its a(is. T!e ar#%&ent &ost closel, con"or&s to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ Si&'licit, s!o%ld be t!e sole decidin# "actor in c!oosin# a&on# co&'etin# scienti"ic t!eories. .1/ I" one t!eor, is likel, to be tr%e9 and anot!er co&'etin# t!eor, is likel, to be "alse9 t!en t!e one likel, to be tr%e is t!e s%'erior o" t!e t o. .C/ I" all observational evidence is consistent it! t o co&'etin# t!eories9 t!e one t!at is &ore int%itivel, tr%e is t!e &ore 'ractical t!eor, to ado't. .3/ 7t!er t!in#s bein# e0%al9 t!e &ore co&'le( o" t o co&'etin# t!eories is t!e in"erior t!eor,. .E/ 7t!er t!in#s bein# e0%al9 t!e si&'ler o" t o co&'etin# t!eories is t!e &ore scienti"icall, i&'ortant t!eor,. 5<. Essa,ist: T!e e(istence o" a &oral order in t!e %niverseKi.e.9 an order in !ic! bad is al a,s event%all, '%nis!ed and #ood re ardedKde'ends %'on !%&an so%ls bein# i&&ortal. In so&e c%lt%res t!is &oral order is re#arded as t!e res%lt o" a kar&a t!at controls !o one is reincarnated9 in ot!ers it res%lts "ro& t!e actions o" a s%'re&e bein# !o &etes o%t +%stice to 'eo'le a"ter t!eir deat!. 1%t !o ever a &oral order is re'resented9 i" !%&an so%ls are i&&ortal9 t!en it "ollo s t!at t!e bad ill be '%nis!ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes a "la in t!e essa,ists reasonin#.A/ $ro& t!e assertion t!at so&et!in# is necessar, to a &oral order9 t!e ar#%&ent concl%des t!at t!at t!in# is s%""icient "or an ele&ent o" t!e &oral order to be reali)ed. .1/ T!e ar#%&ent takes &ere belie"s to be establis!ed "acts. .C/ $ro& t!e clai& t!at t!e i&&ortalit, o" !%&an so%ls i&'lies t!at t!ere is a &oral order in t!e %niverse9 t!e ar#%&ent concl%des t!at t!ere bein# a &oral order in t!e %niverse i&'lies t!at !%&an so%ls are i&&ortal. .3/ T!e ar#%&ent treats t o "%nda&entall, di""erent conce'tions o" a &oral order as essentiall, t!e sa&e. .E/ T!e ar#%&ents concl%sion is 'res%''osed in t!e de"inition it #ives o" a &oral order. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@A

5C. 2o &at!e&atical 'ro'osition can be 'roven tr%e b, observation. It "ollo s t!at it is i&'ossible to kno an, &at!e&atical 'ro'osition to be tr%e. T!e concl%sion "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ 7nl, 'ro'ositions t!at can be 'roven tr%e can be kno n to be tr%e. .1/ 7bservation alone cannot be %sed to 'rove t!e tr%t! o" an, 'ro'osition. .C/ I" a 'ro'osition can be 'roven tr%e b, observation t!en it can be kno n to be tr%e. .3/ Mno in# a 'ro'osition to be tr%e is i&'ossible onl, i" it cannot be 'rove tr%e b, observation. .E/ Mno in# a 'ro'osition to be tr%e re0%ires 'rovin# it tr%e b, observation. 5@. T!e '%blis!er o" a best8sellin# sel"8!el' book !ad9 in so&e 'ro&otional &aterial9 clai&ed t!at it s!o ed readers !o to beco&e e(ce'tionall, s%ccess"%l. 7" co%rse9 ever,one kno s t!at no book can deliver to t!e &an, !at9 b, de"inition9 &%st re&ain li&ited to t!e "e e(ce'tional s%ccesses. T!%s9 alt!o%#! it is clear t!at t!e '%blis!er kno in#l, &ade a "alse clai&9 doin# so s!o%ld not be considered %net!ical in t!is case. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e reasonin# above.A/ Mno in#l, &akin# a "alse clai& is %net!ical onl, i" it is reasonable "or 'eo'le to acce't t!e clai& as tr%e. .1/ Mno in#l, &akin# a "alse clai& is %net!ical i" t!ose &akin# it derive a #ain at t!e e('ense o" t!ose actin# as i" t!e clai& ere tr%e. .C/ Mno in#l, &akin# a "alse clai& is %net!ical in onl, t!ose cases in !ic! t!ose !o acce't t!e clai& as tr%e s%""er a !ards!i' #reater t!an t!e #ain t!e, ere antici'atin#. .3/ Mno in#l, &akin# a "alse clai& is %net!ical onl, i" t!ere is a 'ossibilit, t!at so&eone ill act as i" t!e clai& &i#!t be tr%e. .E/ Mno in#l, &akin# a "alse clai& is %net!ical in at least t!ose cases in !ic! "or so&eone else to discover t!at t!e clai& is "alse9 t!at 'erson &%st !ave acted as i" t!e clai& ere tr%e. SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

$rancis: $ail%re to beco&e 'ro'erl, re#istered to vote 'revents one8t!ird o" t!e votin#8a#e citi)ens o" La#onia "ro& votin#. I" local election boards &ade t!e e(cessivel, c%&berso&e re#istration 'rocess easier. &ore 'eo'le o%ld re#ister and vote. S!aron: T!e !i#! n%&ber o" citi)ens not re#istered to vote !as 'ersisted des'ite

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@B

&an, atte&'ts to &ake re#isterin# easier. S%rve,s s!o t!at &ost o" t!ese citi)ens believe t!at t!eir votes o%ld not &ake a di""erence. =ntil t!at belie" is c!an#ed9 si&'li",in# t!e re#istration 'rocess ill not increase t!e 'ercenta#e o" citi)ens re#isterin# to vote. T!e &ain iss%e in dis'%te bet een $rancis and S!aron is .A/ !et!er c!an#in# t!e voter re#istration 'rocess o%ld be c%&berso&e .1/ !, so &an, citi)ens do not re#ister to vote .C/ !at 'ercenta#e o" t!ose re#istered to vote act%all, vote .3/ !et!er local election boards !ave si&'li"ied t!e re#istration 'rocess .E/ !, t!e '%blic lacks con"idence in t!e e""ects o" votin# 5. Advertise&ent: An,one !o t!inks &oist%ri)ers are not i&'ortant "or bea%ti"%l skin s!o%ld consider !at !a''ens to t!e eart!9 t!e skin o" t!e ord9 in ti&es o" dro%#!t. 6it!o%t re#%lar in"%sions o" &oist%re t!e #ro%nd beco&es lined and cracked and its l%s! loveliness "ades a a,. T!%s ,o%r skin9 too9 s!o%ld be 'rotected "ro& t!e 'rotection 'rovided b, re#%lar in"%sions o" 3e ,"res! t!e dro%#!t8de",in# &oist%ri)er. T!e 3e ,"res! advertise&ent e(!ibits !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# errors o" reasonin#.A/ It treats so&et!in# t!at is necessar, "or brin#in# abo%t a state o" a""airs as so&et!in# t!at is s%""icient to brin# abo%t t!at state o" a""airs. .1/ It treats t!e "act t!at t o t!in#s re#%larl, occ%r to#et!er as 'roo" t!at t!ere is a sin#le t!in# t!at is t!e ca%se o" t!e& bot!. .C/ It overlooks t!e "act t!at c!an#in# !at 'eo'le t!ink is t!e case does not necessaril, c!an#e !at is t!e case. .3/ It relies on t!e a&bi#%it, o" t!e ter& >in"%sion.? !ic! can desi#nate eit!er a 'rocess or t!e 'rod%ct o" t!at 'rocess. .E/ It relies on an analo#, bet een t o t!in#s t!at are ins%""icientl, alike in t!e res'ects in !ic! t!e, o%ld !ave to be alike "or t!e concl%sion to be s%''orted. Questions 3-4 M: T!e Greek al'!abet &%st !ave been invented b, so&e individ%al !o kne t!e F!oenician ritin# s,ste& and !o anted to !ave so&e a, o" recordin# :o&eric e'ics and t!ereb, 'reservin# e('ressions o" a !i#!l, develo'ed tradition o" oral 'oetr,. F: *o%r !,'ot!esis is la%#!ableJ 6!at o%ld !ave been t!e 'oint o" s%c! a 'ersons ritin# :o&eric e'ics do n- S%rel, a 'erson !o kne t!e& ell eno%#! to rite t!e& do n o%ld not need to read t!e&9 and no one else co%ld read t!e&9 accordin# to ,o%r !,'ot!esis. <. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ar#%&entative strate#, t!at F %ses in res'ondin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

G@H

to M.A/ attackin# Ms %nderstandin# o" t!e literar, val%e o" oral 'oetr, .1/ disa#reein# it! Ms t!esis it!o%t atte&'tin# to re"%te it .C/ c!allen#in# Ms kno led#e o" t!e F!oenician ritin# s,ste& .3/ atte&'tin# to %nder&ine Ms !,'ot!esis b, &akin# it a''ear abs%rd .E/ 'rovidin# an alternative inter'retation o" evidence '%t "or ard b, M C. Fs ar#%&ent is v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It "ails to de&onstrate t!at t!e F!oenician al'!abet alone co%ld !ave 'rovided t!e basis "or t!e Greek al'!abet. .1/ It incorrectl, ass%&es t!at t!e "irst te(t ever ritten in Greek as a :o&eric 'oe&. .C/ It con"%ses t!e re0%ire&ents "or a co&'le( oral tradition it! t!e re0%ire&ents o" a ritten lan#%a#e. .3/ It atte&'ts to de&onstrate t!e tr%t! o" a !,'ot!esis &erel, b, s!o in# t!at it is 'ossible. .E/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at 'erson !o invented t!e Greek al'!abet did so it! t!e intention o" teac!in# it to ot!ers. @. 1acteria "ro& "ood can s%rvive "or several da,s on t!e s%r"ace o" 'lastic c%ttin# boards9 b%t bacteria can 'enetrate ooden c%ttin# boards al&ost i&&ediatel,9 leavin# t!e s%r"ace "ree o" conta&ination. T!ere"ore9 ooden c%ttin# boards9 %nlike 'lastic c%ttin# boards9 need not be as!ed in order to 'revent t!eir conta&inatin# "ood t!at is c%t on t!e&D i'in# t!e& o"" to re&ove "ood debris is s%""icient. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 6as!in# 'lastic c%ttin# boards does not re&ove all bacteria "ro& t!e s%r"ace. .1/ Frevention o" bacterial conta&ination is t!e onl, res'ect in !ic! ooden c%ttin# boards are s%'erior to 'lastic c%ttin# boards. .C/ $ood t!at is not alread, conta&inated it! bacteria can be conta&inated onl, b, bein# c%t on conta&inated c%ttin# boards. .3/ 1acteria t!at 'enetrate into ooden c%ttin# boards do not ree&er#e on t!e s%r"ace a"ter t!e c%ttin# boards !ave been %sed. .E/ 6as!in# ooden c%ttin# boards kills bacteria belo t!e s%r"ace o" t!e c%ttin# boards. G. Ast!&a#on as lon# considered t!e &ost e""ective o" t!e dr%#s kno n as beta85 a#onists9 desi#ned to alleviate ast!&a attacks. :o ever9 st%dies cond%cted in R!ia#o bet een 1HB1 and 1HBA revealed t!at nearl, one o%t o" ever, "ive o" t!e ast!&a 'atients %nder observation !o took ast!&a#on s%""ered serio%s side e""ects a"ter takin# t!e dr%#. Citin# t!is statistic9 so&e doctors ar#%e t!at ast!&a#on s!o%ld be banned as an anti8ast!&a dr%#. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GGI

6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e case "or t!e 'ro'osed ban o" ast!&a#on.A/ In R!ia#o9 !ere ast!&a#on !ad been t!e &ost idel, 'rescribed o" t!e beta85 a#onists9 t!e n%&ber o" ast!&a deat!s increased bet een 1HB1 and 1HBA. .1/ Man, o" t!e 'atients %nder observation to !o& ast!&a#on as ad&inistered !ad not 'revio%sl, taken a beta85 a#onist. .C/ 3es'ite t!e #ro in# concern abo%t t!e dr%# &an, '!,sicians in R!ia#o still 'rescribe ast!&a#on to ast!&a s%""erers. .3/ A&on# t!e 'atients observed9 onl, t!ose !o !ad ver, !i#! c!olesterol co%nts s%""ered side e""ects a"ter takin# ast!&a#on. .E/ Ast!&a#on increases t!e severit, o" ast!&a attacks in so&e 'eo'le beca%se t!e dr%# can ca%se da&a#e to !eart tiss%es. A. In res'onse to re0%ests &ade b, t!e dair, ind%str, t!e #overn&ent is considerin# !et!er to a''rove t!e s,nt!etic !or&one 1ST "or %se in dair, co s 1ST increases &ilk 'rod%ction b%t also leads to rec%rrin# %dder in"la&&ation decreased "ertilit,9 and s,&'to&s o" stress in co s !o receive t!e !or&one All o" t!ese 'roble&s can be ke't %nder control it! constant veterinar, care b%t s%c! levels o" veterinar, !el' o%ld cost bi# "ar&s "ar less 'er co t!an t!e, o%ld s&all "ar&s. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# cla&s is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e&.A/ T!e #overn&ent is %nlikel, to a''rove t!e s,nt!etic !or&one 1ST "or %se in co s. .1/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" co s t!at s%""er "ro& %dder in"la&&ation9 decreased "ertilit,9 and s,&'to&s o" stress is c%rrentl, #reater on bi# dair, "ar&s t!an on s&all ones. .C/ At t!e 'resent ti&e &ilk "ro& co s raised on s&all "ar&s is sa"er to drink t!an &ilk "ro& co s raised on bi# "ar&s. .3/ T!e &ilk "ro& co s !o receive 1ST ill not be sa"e "or 'eo'le to drink. .E/ 7 ners o" bi# "ar&s stand to #ain &ore "ro& #overn&ent a''roval o" 1ST t!an do o ners o" s&all "ar&s. B. Jones is sellin# a !o%se to S&it!. T!e contract bet een t!e t o s'eci"ies t!at "or %' to a ,ear a"ter o ners!i' is trans"erred. Jones ill be res'onsible "or re'airin# an, >&a+or str%ct%ral de"ects9? de"ined as de"ects in t!e roo" or roo"8s%''ortin# co&'onents o" t!e !o%se t!at &i#!t be "o%nd. Jones is not res'onsible "or an, ot!er re'airs. T!e !o%se !as a tr%ss roo" !ic! &eans t!at t!e onl, alls t!at s%''ort t!e roo" are t!e e(terior alls. It can be 'ro'erl, concl%ded "ro& t!e in"or&ation above t!at .A/ Jones did not kno o" an, de"ects in t!e roo" or roo"8s%''ortin# co&'onents http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GG1

o" t!e !o%se at t!e ti&e t!e contract as ritten .1/ alt!o%#! ot!er co&'onents o" t!e !o%se &a, contain de"ects t!e roo" and roo"8s%''ortin# co&'onents o" t!e !o%se are c%rrentl, "ree "ro& s%c! de"ects .C/ t!e contract does not obli#e Jones to re'air an, de"ects in t!e !o%ses none(terior alls a"ter o ners!i' o" t!e !o%se !as been trans"erred .3/ S&it! ill be obli#ed to re'air all str%ct%ral de"ects in t!e !o%se it!in a ,ear a"ter o ners!i' is trans"erred e(ce't t!ose "or !ic! Jones is res'onsible .E/ in t!e 'ast Jones !as !ad to &ake re'airs to so&e o" t!e !o%ses e(terior alls H. T!e 'la, Mankind &%st !ave been ritten bet een 1C<1 and 1CA1. It cannot !ave been ritten be"ore 1C<1 "or in t!at ,ear t!e rose noble9 a coin &entioned in t!e 'la,9 as "irst circ%lated. T!e 'la, cannot !ave been ritten a"ter 1CA1 since in t!at ,ear Min# :enr, 4I died9 and !e is &entioned as a livin# &onarc! in t!e 'la,s dedication. T!e ar#%&ent o%ld be &ost serio%sl, eakened i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ere discovered.A/ T!e Ro,al T!eatre Co&'an, incl%des t!e 'la, on a list o" t!ose 'er"or&ed in 1CBI. .1/ Anot!er coin &entioned in t!e 'la, as "irst &inted in 1C55. .C/ T!e rose noble as neit!er &inted nor circ%lated a"ter 1CBG. .3/ Alt!o%#! :enr, 4I as de'osed in 1CG19 !e as brie"l, restored to t!e t!rone in 1CAI. .E/ In a letter ritten in earl, 1C5B a &erc!ant told o" !avin# seen t!e desi#n "or a &%c!8disc%ssed ne coin called t!e >rose noble.? 1I. All &aterial bodies are divisible into 'arts and ever,t!in# divisible is i&'er"ect. It "ollo s t!at all &aterial bodies are i&'er"ect It like ise "ollo s t!at t!e s'irit is not a &aterial bod,. T!e "inal concl%sion above "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ Ever,t!in# divisible is a &aterial bod,. .1/ 2ot!in# i&'er"ect is indivisible. .C/ T!e s'irit is divisible. .3/ T!e s'irit is 'er"ect. .E/ T!e s'irit is eit!er indivisible or i&'er"ect. 11. S'ecial kinds o" cotton t!at #ro "ibers o" #reen or bro n !ave been aro%nd since t!e 1H<Is b%t onl, recentl, beca&e co&&erciall, "easible !en a lon#8"ibered variet, t!at can be s'%n b, &ac!ine as "inall, bred Since t!e cotton need not be http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GG5

d,ed 'rocessin# 'lants avoid t!e e('ense o" d,ein# and t!e ecolo#ical !a)ards o" #ettin# rid o" le"tover d,e and b,8'rod%cts. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ It is ecolo#icall, sa"er to 'rocess lon#8"ibered cotton t!an s!ort8"ibered cotton. .1/ Green and bro n cottons t!at can be s'%n onl, b, !and are not co&&erciall, viable. .C/ :and8s'%n cotton is &ore ecolo#icall, sa"e t!an &ac!ine8s'%n cotton. .3/ S!ort8"ibered re#%lar cottons are econo&icall, co&'etitive it! s,nt!etic "abrics. .E/ Gar&ents &ade o" #reen and bro n cottons are less e('ensive t!an #ar&ents &ade o" re#%lar cotton. 15. Feo'le in t!e to%rist ind%str, kno t!at e(cessive develo'&ent o" seaside areas b, t!e ind%str, da&a#es t!e environ&ent. S%c! develo'&ent also !%rts t!e to%rist ind%str, b, &akin# t!ese areas %nattractive to to%rists a "act o" !ic! 'eo'le in t!e to%rist ind%str, are ell a are Feo'le in t!e to%rist ind%str, o%ld never kno in#l, do an,t!in# to da&a#e t!e ind%str,. T!ere"ore9 t!e, o%ld never kno in#l, da&a#e t!e seaside environ&ent and 'eo'le !o are concerned abo%t da&a#e to t!e seaside 'eo'le !o are concerned abo%t da&a#e to t!e seaside environ&ent t!%s !ave not!in# to "ear "ro& t!e to%rist ind%str,. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ents is &ost v%lnerable to .A/ 2o s%''ort is 'rovided "or t!e clai& t!at e(cessive develo'&ent !%rts t!e to%rist ind%str,. .1/ T!at so&et!in# is not t!e ca%se o" a 'roble& is %sed as evidence t!at it never coe(ists it! t!at 'roble&. .C/ T!e ar#%&ent s!i"ts "ro& a''l,in# a c!aracteristic to a "e &e&bers o" a #ro%' to a''l,in# t!e c!aracteristic to all &e&bers o" t!at #ro%'. .3/ T!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e to%rist ind%str, o%ld %nintentionall, !ar& t!e environ&ent is i#nored. .E/ T!e ar#%&ent establis!es t!at a certain state o" a""airs is likel, and t!en treats t!at as evidence t!at t!e state o" a""airs is inevitable. 1<. :ealt! o""icials clai& t!at beca%se t!e "oods and bevera#es &entioned or cons%&ed on &an, television 'ro#ra&s are e(tre&el, lo in n%tritional val%e atc!in# television !as a bad in"l%ence on t!e dietar, !abits o" television vie ers. T!e clai& b, !ealt! o""icials de'ends on t!e 'res%''osition t!at .A/ t!e eatin# and drinkin# !abits o" 'eo'le on television 'ro#ra&s are desi#ned to &irror t!e eatin# and drinkin# !abits o" television vie ers .1/ seein# so&e "oods and bevera#es bein# cons%&ed on or !earin# t!e& &entioned on television 'ro#ra&s increases t!e likeli!ood t!at vie ers ill http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GG<

cons%&e si&ilar kinds o" "oods and bevera#es .C/ t!e "ood and bevera#e ind%str, "inances television 'ro#ra&s so t!at t!e "oods and bevera#es t!at !ave recentl, a''eared on t!e &arket can be advertised on t!ose 'ro#ra&s .3/ television vie ers are onl, interested in t!e 'eo'le on television 'ro#ra&s !o !ave t!e sa&e eatin# and drinkin# !abits as t!e, do .E/ t!e eatin# and drinkin# !abits o" 'eo'le on television 'ro#ra&s 'rovide !ealt! o""icials it! acc%rate 'redictions abo%t t!e "oods and bevera#es t!at ill beco&e 'o'%lar a&on# television vie ers 1C. In an e""ort to boost sales d%rin# t!e s%&&er &ont!s9 !ic! are t,'icall, t!e best "or so"t8drink sales $oa&, Soda lo ered its 'rices. In s'ite o" t!is9 !o ever9 t!e sales o" $oa&, Soda dro''ed d%rin# t!e s%&&er &ont!s. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes to reconcilin# t!e a''arent discre'anc, indicated above EECEFT: .A/ T!e so"t8drink ind%str, as a !ole e('erienced de'ressed sales d%rin# t!e s%&&er &ont!s. .1/ $oa&, Sodas co&'etitors lo ered t!eir 'rices even &ore drasticall, d%rin# t!e s%&&er &ont!s. .C/ 1eca%se o" an increase in t!e 'rice o" s eeteners t!e 'rod%ction costs o" $oa&, Soda rose d%rin# t!e s%&&er &ont!s. .3/ A strike at $oa&, Sodas &ain 'lant "orced 'rod%ction c%tbacks t!at res%lted in &an, stores not receivin# t!eir nor&al s!i'&ents d%rin# t!e s%&&er &ont!s. .E/ T!e eat!er d%rin# t!e s%&&er &ont!s as %nseasonabl, cool9 decreasin# t!e de&and "or so"t drinks. 1@. 3r. Q: Man, o" t!e c!aracteri)ations o" &, ork o""ered b, 3r. N are i&'recise and s%c! c!aracteri)ations do not 'rovide an ade0%ate basis "or so%nd criticis& o" &, ork. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& 3r. Qs state&ent.A/ So&e or 3r Ns c!aracteri)ations o" 3r. Qs ork 'rovide an ade0%ate basis "or so%nd criticis& o" 3r. Qs ork. .1/ All o" 3r Ns c!aracteri)ations o" 3r. Qs ork t!at are not i&'recise 'rovide an ade0%ate basis "or so%nd criticis& o" 3r. Qs ork. .C/ All o" t!e c!aracteri)ations o" 3r. Qs ork b, 3r. N t!at do not 'rovide an ade0%ate basis "or so%nd criticis& o" 3r Qs ork are i&'recise. .3/ I" t!e c!aracteri)ation o" so&eones ork is 'recise9 t!en it 'rovides a so%nd basis "or critici)in# t!at ork. .E/ At least one o" 3r Ns c!aracteri)ations o" 3r. Qs ork "ails to 'rovide an ade0%ate basis "or so%nd criticis& o" t!at ork.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GGC

1G. M9 a researc! scientist9 as acc%sed o" !avin# "alsi"ied laborator, data. Alt!o%#! t!e ori#inal data in 0%estion !ave disa''eared9 data "ro& Ms &ore recent e('eri&ents !ave been e(a&ined and clearl, none o" t!e& ere "alsi"ied. T!ere"ore9 t!e acc%sation s!o%ld be dis&issed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# contains 0%estionable reasonin# t!at is &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ L9 an acco%ntant9 as c!ar#ed it! !avin# e&be))led "%nds "ro& a client. T!e c!ar#e s!o%ld be i#nored9 !o ever9 beca%se alt!o%#! t!e records t!at &i#!t reveal t!is e&be))le&ent !ave been destro,ed9 records o" Ls c%rrent clients s!o clearl, t!at t!ere !as never been an, e&be))le&ent "ro& t!e&. .1/ M9 a "actor, s%'ervisor9 as acc%sed o" "ailin# to en"orce sa"et, standards. T!is acc%sation s!o%ld be disc%ssed beca%se alt!o%#! t!e identit, o" t!e acc%ser as not revealed9 a s%rve, o" "actor, 'ersonnel revealed t!at so&e violations o" t!e standards !ave occ%rred. .C/ 29 a social scientist9 as c!ar#ed it! 'la#iaris&. T!e c!ar#e is it!o%t "o%ndation beca%se alt!o%#! stron# si&ilarities bet een 2s book and t!e ork o" anot!er sc!olar !ave been discovered9 t!e ot!er sc!olars ork as ritten a"ter 2s ork as '%blis!ed. .3/ 79 an a%to &ec!anic !as been acc%sed o" sellin# stolen a%to 'arts. T!e acc%sation see&s to be +%sti"ied since alt!o%#! no evidence links 7 directl, to t!ese sales9 t!e 'attern o" distrib%tion o" t!e a%to 'arts 'oints to 7 as t!e so%rce. .E/ F9 a 'olitician9 !as been acc%sed o" "ailin# to 'rotect t!e '%blic interest. $ro& at least so&e 'oints o" vie 9 !o ever9 t!e acc%sation ill %ndo%btedl, be considered "alse9 beca%se t!ere is clearl, disa#ree&ent abo%t !ere t!e '%blic interest lies. Questions 1'-18 T!e ides'read sta"" red%ctions in a certain re#ions econo&, are said to be ca%sin# 'eo'le !o still !ave t!eir +obs to c%t back on ne '%rc!ases as t!o%#! t!e,9 too9 !ad beco&e econo&icall, distressed. Clearl,9 !o ever9 act%al s'endin# b, s%c! 'eo'le is %ndi&inis!ed9 beca%se t!ere !as been no %n%s%al increase in t!e a&o%nt o" &one, !eld b, t!ose 'eo'le in savin#s acco%nts. 1A. T!e ar#%&ent in t!e 'assa#e 'roceeds b, doin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ concl%din# t!at since an e('ected conse0%ence o" a s%''osed develo'&ent did not take 'lace .1/ concl%din# t!at since onl, one o" t!e t o 'redictable conse0%ences o" a certain kind o" be!avior is observed to occ%r t!is observed occ%rrence cannot9 in t!e c%rrent sit%ation9 be a conse0%ence o" s%c! be!avior .C/ ar#%in# t!at since 'eo'les econo&ic be!avior is #%ided b, econo&ic sel"8 interest onl, &isin"or&ation or error ill ca%se 'eo'le to en#a#e in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GG@

econo&ic be!avior t!at !ar&s t!e& econo&icall, .3/ ar#%in# t!at since t o alternative develo'&ents e(!a%st all t!e 'la%sible 'ossibilities one o" t!ose develo'&ents occ%rred and t!e ot!er did not .E/ concl%din# t!at since t!e evidence concernin# a s%''osed c!an#e is a&bi#%o%s9 it is &ost likel, t!at no c!an#e is act%all, takin# 'lace 1B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent relies.A/ I" 'eo'le in t!e re#ion !o contin%e to be e&'lo,ed !ave debts9 t!e, are not no 'a,in# t!e& o"" at an accelerated rate. .1/ Feo'le in t!e re#ion !o contin%e to be e&'lo,ed and !o !ave relatives !o !ave lost t!eir +obs co&&onl, assist t!ose relatives "inanciall,. .C/ I" 'eo'le in t!e re#ion !o !ave lost +obs #et ne +obs9 t!e ne +obs #enerall, 'a, less ell t!an t!e ones t!e, lost. .3/ Feo'le in t!e re#ion !o contin%e to be e&'lo,ed are 'essi&istic abo%t t!eir 'ros'ects "or increasin# t!eir inco&es. .E/ T!ere e(ist no statistics abo%t sales o" #oods in t!e re#ion as a !ole. 1H. Ever, st%dent !o alks to sc!ool #oes !o&e "or l%nc!. It "ollo s t!at so&e st%dents !o !ave 'art8ti&e +obs do not alk to sc!ool. T!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ So&e st%dents !o do not !ave 'art8ti&e +obs #o !o&e "or l%nc!. .1/ Ever, st%dent !o #oes !o&e "or l%nc! !as a 'art8ti&e +ob. .C/ So&e st%dents !o do not !ave 'art8ti&e +obs do not #o !o&e "or l%nc!. .3/ So&e st%dents !o do not #o !o&e "or l%nc! !ave 'art8ti&e +obs. .E/ Ever, st%dent !o #oes !o&e "or l%nc! alks to sc!ool. 5I. 6!en t!e Finecrest Ani&al S!elter9 a c!aritable or#ani)ation9 as in dan#er o" closin# beca%se it co%ld not 'a, "or i&'ortant re'airs9 its directors a''ealed to t!e to ns'eo'le to donate &one, t!at o%ld be ear&arked to 'a, "or t!ose re'airs. Since &ore "%nds ere %lti&atel, donated t!an ere %sed "or t!e re'airs t!e directors 'lan to donate t!e s%r'l%s "%nds to ot!er ani&al s!elters. 1%t be"ore doin# so9 t!e directors s!o%ld obtain 'er&ission "ro& t!ose !o &ade t!e donations. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost !el's to +%sti", t!e 'osition advocated above and ,et 'laces t!e least restriction on t!e allocation o" "%nds b, directors o" c!aritable or#ani)ations.A/ T!e directors o" c!aritable or#ani)ations cannot allocate '%blicl, solicited "%nds to an, '%r'oses "or !ic! t!e directors !ad not s'eci"icall, ear&arked t!e "%nds in advance. .1/ Feo'le !o solicit c!aritable donations "ro& t!e '%blic "or a s'eci"ic ca%se s!o%ld s'end t!e "%nds onl, on t!at ca%se or9 i" t!at beco&es i&'ossible9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GGG

s!o%ld dis'ose o" t!e "%nds accordin# to t!e e('ress is!es o" t!e donors. .C/ 3irectors o" c!aritable or#ani)ations !o solicit &one, "ro& t!e '%blic &%st ret%rn all t!e &one, it received "ro& an a''eal i" &ore &one, is received t!an can 'racticabl, be %sed "or t!e '%r'oses s'eci"ied in t!e a''eal. .3/ 3onors o" &one, to c!aritable or#ani)ations cannot dele#ate to t!e directors o" t!ose or#ani)ations t!e res'onsibilit, o" allocatin# t!e "%nds received to vario%s '%r'oses consonant it! t!e '%r'oses o" t!e or#ani)ation as t!e directors o" t!e or#ani)ation see "it. .E/ Feo'le !o contrib%te &one, to c!aritable or#ani)ations s!o%ld be considered to be 'lacin# t!eir tr%st in t!e directors o" t!ose or#ani)ations to %se t!e &one, isel, accordin# to !atever circ%&stance &i#!t arise. 51. T!e a&o%nt o" electricit, cons%&ed in Millville on an, da, in A%#%st is directl, 'ro'ortional to 'eak !%&idit, on t!at da,. Since t!e avera#e 'eak !%&idit, t!is A%#%st as t!ree 'oints !i#!er t!an t!e avera#e 'eak !%&idit, last A%#%st9 it "ollo s t!at &ore ener#, as cons%&ed in Millville t!is A%#%st t!an last A%#%st. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents !as a 'attern o" reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!e one in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e a&o%nt o" art s%''lies %sed in an, o" t!e Aest!etic Instit%tes 5@ classes is directl, 'ro'ortional to t!e n%&ber o" st%dents in t!at class. Since in t!ese classes t!e instit%te enrolled 5I 'ercent &ore st%dents overall last ,ear t!an in t!e 'revio%s ,ear9 &ore art s%''lies ere %sed in t!e instit%tes classes last ,ear t!an in t!e 'revio%s ,ear. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" co%rses in 'aintin# o""ered b, t!e Aest!etic Instit%te in an, ter& is directl, 'ro'ortional to t!e n%&ber o" st%dents enrolled in t!e instit%te in t!at ter&. 1%t t!e instit%te o""ers t!e sa&e n%&ber o" co%rses in sc%l't%re eac! ter&. :ence9 t!e instit%te %s%all, o""ers &ore co%rses in 'aintin# t!an in sc%l't%re eac! ter&. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" ne st%dents enrolled at t!e Aest!etic Instit%te in an, #iven ,ear is directl, 'ro'ortional to t!e a&o%nt o" advertisin# t!e instit%te !as done in t!e 'revio%s ,ear. :ence9 i" t!e instit%te seeks to increase its st%dent bod, it &%st increase t!e a&o%nt it s'ends on advertisin#. .3/ T!e "ees 'aid b, a st%dent at t!e Aest!etic Instit%te are directl, 'ro'ortional to t!e n%&ber o" classes in !ic! t!at st%dent enrolls. Since t!e n%&ber o" st%dents at t!e Aest!etic Instit%te is increasin#9 it "ollo s t!at t!e instit%te is collectin# a #reater a&o%nt in "ees 'aid b, st%dents t!an it %sed to. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" instr%ctors e&'lo,ed b, t!e Aest!etic Instit%te in an, ter& is directl, 'ro'ortional to t!e n%&ber o" classes o""ered in t!at ter& and also directl, 'ro'ortional to t!e n%&ber o" st%dents enrolled at t!e instit%te. T!%s9 t!e n%&ber o" classes o""ered b, t!e instit%te in an, ter& is directl, 'ro'ortional to t!e n%&ber o" st%dents enrolled in t!at ter&. 55. Letter to t!e editor: A"ter 1aertons "actor, closed9 t!ere as a s!ar' increase in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GGA

t!e n%&ber o" clai&s "iled "or +ob8related in+%r, co&'ensation b, t!e "actor,s "or&er e&'lo,ees9 :ence t!ere is reason to believe t!at &ost o" t!ose !o "iled "or co&'ensation a"ter t!e "actor, closed ere +%st o%t to #ain bene"its t!e, did not deserve9 and "iled onl, to !el' t!e& eat!er t!eir +ob loss. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e ar#%&ent above EECEFT: .A/ 6orkers cannot "ile "or co&'ensation "or &an, +ob8related in+%ries9 s%c! as !earin#s loss "ro& "actor, noise9 %ntil t!e, !ave le"t t!e +ob. .1/ In t!e ,ears be"ore t!e "actor, closed9 t!e "actor,s &ana#ers dis&issed several e&'lo,ees !o !ad "iled in+%r, clai&s. .C/ Most orkers !o receive an in+%r, on t!e +ob "ile "or co&'ensation on t!e da, t!e, s%""er t!e in+%r,. .3/ 6orkers !o inc%r 'artial disabilities d%e to in+%ries on t!e +ob o"ten do not "ile "or co&'ensation beca%se t!e, o%ld !ave to sto' orkin# to receive co&'ensation b%t cannot a""ord to live on t!at co&'ensation alone. .E/ 6orkers !o are a are t!at t!e, ill soon be laid o"" "ro& a +ob o"ten beco&e de'ressed9 &akin# t!e& &ore 'rone to +ob8related in+%ries. 5<. :istorians o" 2ort! A&erican arc!itect%re !o !ave st%died earl, nineteent!8 cent%r, !o%ses it! ooden "loors !ave observed t!at t!e boards %sed on t!e "loors o" bi##er !o%ses ere #enerall, &%c! narro er t!an t!ose %sed on t!e "loors o" s&aller !o%ses. T!ese !istorians !ave ar#%ed t!at9 since t!e 'eo'le "or !o& t!e bi##er !o%ses ere b%ilt ere #enerall, ric!er t!an t!e 'eo'le "or !o& t!e s&aller !o%ses ere b%ilt9 "loors &ade o%t o" narro "loorboards ere 'robabl, once a stat%s s,&bol9 desi#ned to 'roclai& t!e o ners ealt!. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to stren#t!en t!e !istorians ar#%&ent.A/ More ori#inal "loorboards !ave s%rvived "ro& bi# earl, nineteent!8cent%r, !o%ses t!an "ro& s&all earl, nineteent!8cent%r, !o%ses. .1/ In t!e earl, nineteent! cent%r,9 a 'iece o" narro "loorboard as not si#ni"icantl, less e('ensive t!an a 'iece o" ide "loorboard o" t!e sa&e len#t!. .C/ In t!e earl, nineteent! cent%r,9 s&aller !o%ses #enerall, !ad "e er roo&s t!an did bi##er !o%ses. .3/ So&e earl, nineteent!8cent%r, !o%ses !ad ide "loorboards near t!e alls o" eac! roo& and narro er "loorboards in t!e center9 !ere t!e "loors ere %s%all, car'eted. .E/ Man, o" t!e bi##est earl, nineteent!8cent%r, !o%ses b%t ver, "e s&all !o%ses "ro& t!at 'eriod !ad so&e "loors t!at ere &ade o" &aterials t!at ere considerabl, &ore e('ensive t!an ood9 s%c! as &arble. 5C. Et!icist: A societ, is +%st !en9 and onl, !en9 "irst9 eac! 'erson !as an e0%al ri#!t to basic liberties9 and second9 ine0%alities in t!e distrib%tion o" inco&e and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GGB

ealt! are not tolerated %nless t!ese ine0%alities are to ever,ones advanta#e and are attac!ed to +obs o'en to ever,one. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# +%d#&ents &ost closel, con"or&s to t!e 'rinci'le described above.A/ Societ, S #%arantees ever,one e0%al ri#!t to basic liberties9 !ile allo in# ine0%alities in t!e distrib%tion o" inco&e and ealt! t!at are to t!e advanta#e o" ever,one. $%rt!er9 t!e +obs to !ic! t!ese ine0%alities are attac!ed are o'en to &ost 'eo'le. T!%s9 societ, S is +%st. .1/ Societ, S #ives ever,one an e0%al ri#!t to basic liberties9 b%t at t!e e('ense o" creatin# ine0%alities in t!e distrib%tion o" inco&e and ealt!. T!%s9 societ, S is not +%st. .C/ Societ, S allo s ine0%alities in t!e distrib%tion o" inco&e and ealt!9 alt!o%#! ever,one bene"its9 and t!ese ine0%alities are attac!ed to +obs t!at are o'en to ever,one. T!%s9 societ, S is +%st. .3/ Societ, S distrib%tes inco&e and ealt! to ever,one e0%all,9 b%t at t!e e('ense o" creatin# ine0%alities in t!e ri#!t to basic liberties. T!%s9 societ, S is not +%st. .E/ Societ, S #ives ever,one an e0%al ri#!t to basic liberties9 and alt!o%#! t!ere is an ine0%alit, in t!e distrib%tion o" inco&e and ealt!9 t!e +obs9 to !ic! t!ese ine0%alities are attac!ed9 are o'en to all. T!%s9 societ, S is +%st. 5@. Econo&ist: In order to decide !at to do abo%t 'rotectin# t!e o)one la,er9 e &%st deter&ine t!e &onetar, a&o%nt o" t!e econo&ic reso%rces t!at e o%ld illin#l, e('end to 'rotect it. S%c! a deter&ination a&o%nts to a calc%lation o" t!e &onetar, val%e o" t!e o)one la,er. Environ&entalists ar#%e t!at t!e o)one la,er does not !ave a calc%lable &onetar, val%e. :o ever9 e o%ld not illin#l, e('end an a&o%nt e0%al to all o" t!e orlds econo&ic reso%rces to 'rotect t!e o)one la,er so t!e o)one la,er is de&onstrabl, ort! less t!an t!at a&o%nt. T!%s9 t!e o)one la,er !as a calc%lable &onetar, val%e. T!e reasonin# in t!e econo&ists ar#%&ent is "la ed in t!at t!e ar#%&ent .A/ %ses evidence t!at t!e &onetar, val%e o" a 'artic%lar nat%ral reso%rce is less t!an a certain a&o%nt in order to establis! t!at t!e &onetar, val%e o" an, nat%ral reso%rce is less t!an t!at a&o%nt .1/ 'res%''oses t!at t!e o)one la,er s!o%ld not be 'rotected and t!en ar#%es to t!at clai& as a concl%sion .C/ takes advanta#e o" an a&bi#%it, in t!e ter& >val%e? to de"lect t!e environ&entalists c!ar#e .3/ #ives no reason "or t!inkin# t!at &erel, establis!in# an %''er li&it on a certain &onetar, val%e o%ld allo t!e calc%lation o" t!at &onetar, val%e .E/ does not directl, address t!e ar#%&ent o" t!e environ&entalists 5G. Col%&nist on t!e arts: M, elected #overn&ent re'resentatives ere it!in t!eir http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GGH

ri#!ts to vote to s%''ort t!e arts it! ta( dollars. 6!ile "%nded b, t!e #overn&ent9 !o ever9 so&e artists !ave 'rod%ced orks o" art t!at are &orall, or aest!eticall, o""ensive to &an, ta('a,ers. 2onet!eless9 &, concl%sion is t!at no ta('a,ers !ave been treated %n+%stl, !ose ta( dollars are %sed to "%nd so&e 'artic%lar ork o" art t!at t!e, &a, "ind abo&inable. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost s%''orts t!e col%&nists ar#%&ent.A/ Ta('a,ers s!o%ld be allo ed to decide !et!er a 'ortion o" t!eir ta( dollars is to be %sed to "%nd t!e arts. .1/ T!e "%ndin# o" a 'artic%lar activit, is arranted i" it is "%nded b, elected re'resentatives !o le#iti&atel, "%nd t!at activit, in #eneral. .C/ Elected re'resentatives are it!in t!eir ri#!ts to "%nd an, activit, t!at is s%''orted b, a &a+orit, o" t!eir constit%ents. .3/ T!ose !o resent ta(ation to s%bsidi)e o""ensive art s!o%ld vote a#ainst t!eir inc%&bent #overn&ent re'resentatives. .E/ Since ta('a,ers are "ree to leave t!eir co%ntr, i" t!e, disa''rove o" t!eir re'resentatives decisions9 t!e, !ave no ri#!t to co&'lain abo%t arts "%ndin#.

TEST 22
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!e basic in#redients "ro& !ic! ce&ent is &ade are bot! c!ea' and 'lenti"%l. Materials as co&&on as li&estone and cla, ill do. 2evert!eless9 t!e 'rice o" ce&ent is in"l%enced b, t!e 'rice o" oil9 beca%se t%rnin# t!e basic in#redients into ce&ent in !i#!8te&'erat%re kilns %ses lar#e a&o%nts o" ener#,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be lo#icall, in"erred "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ 7il is one o" t!e basic in#redients t!at &ake %' ce&ent. .1/ 7il is a so%rce o" ener#, "or so&e o" t!e kilns %sed in t!e &akin# o" ce&ent. .C/ T!e !i#!er t!e 'rice o" ce&ent rises9 t!e !i#!er t!e 'rice o" cla, rises. .3/ 6!enever oil 'rices rise9 ce&ent 'rices dro'. .E/ A #iven a&o%nt o" ce&ent costs no &ore t!an t!e total cost o" its basic in#redients.

5.

Man, 'eo'le do not %nderstand t!e&selves9 nor do t!e, tr, to #ain sel"8 %nderstandin#. T!ese 'eo'le &i#!t tr, to %nderstand ot!ers9 b%t t!ese atte&'ts are s%re to "ail9 beca%se it!o%t sel"8%nderstandin# it is i&'ossible to %nderstand ot!ers. It is clear "ro& t!is t!at an,one !o lacks sel"8%nderstandin# ill be inca'able o" %nderstandin# ot!ers. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GAI

T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ &istakes so&et!in# t!at is necessar, to brin# abo%t a sit%ation "or so&et!in# t!at in itsel" is eno%#! to brin# abo%t t!at sit%ation .1/ "ails to take into acco%nt t!e 'ossibilit, t!at not ever,one ants to #ain a t!oro%#! %nderstandin# o" !i&sel" or !ersel" .C/ bla&es 'eo'le "or so&et!in# "or !ic! t!e, cannot le#iti&atel, be !eld res'onsible .3/ &akes %se o" t!e in!erentl, va#%e ter& >sel"8%nderstandin#? it!o%t de"inin# t!at ter& .E/ dra s a concl%sion t!at si&'l, restates a clai& #iven in s%''ort o" t!at concl%sion Questions 3-4 6i"e: T!e ork o" t!e artist !o 'ainted t!e 'ortrait o" &, #rand'arents @I ,ears a#o !as beco&e 0%ite 'o'%lar latel,9 so t!e 'ortrait !as recentl, beco&e val%able. 1%t since t!ese sorts o" artistic "ads "ade ra'idl,9 t!e 'ractical t!in# to do o%ld be to sell t!e 'ortrait !ile it is still ort! so&et!in#9 and t!ereb, enable o%r da%#!ter to attend t!e colle#e s!e !as c!osen. :%sband: :o co%ld ,o% &ake s%c! a s%##estion- T!at 'aintin# is t!e onl, t!in# ,o% o n t!at belon#ed to ,o%r #rand'arents. I dont t!ink its a ver, #ood 'aintin#9 b%t it !as #reat senti&ental val%e. 1esides9 ,o% o e it to o%r da%#!ter to kee' it in t!e "a&il, as a link to !er "a&il,s 'ast. <. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 does &ost to +%sti", t!e !%sbands re'l,.A/ Gi"ts o""ered as senti&ental tokens o" a""ection s!o%ld not be acce'ted i" t!e reci'ient intends to sell t!e& later "or 'ro"it. .1/ A bea%ti"%l ork o" art is &ore val%able t!an t!e &one, it co%ld be sold "or9 !atever t!e a&o%nt. .C/ It is &ore i&'ortant "or 'arents to 'rovide t!eir c!ildren it! tan#ible links to t!e "a&il,s 'ast t!an it is to enable t!e& to attend t!e colle#e o" t!eir c!oice. .3/ C!ildren and #randc!ildren !ave a d%t, to 'reserve "a&il, !eirloo&s onl, i" t!e, !ave 'ro&ised t!eir 'arents or #rand'arents t!at t!e, o%ld do so. .E/ Frovidin# ones c!ildren it! an ed%cation is &ore i&'ortant t!an 'rovidin# t!e& it! &aterial #oods9 even i" t!e #oods !ave senti&ental val%e. C. T!e !%sband %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative tec!ni0%es in re'l,in# to t!e i"es s%##estion.A/ takin# iss%e it! t!e 'racticalit, o" !er s%##estion .1/ 0%estionin# !er aest!etic +%d#&ent

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GA1

.C/ clai&in# t!at t!e reasons s!e #ives are based on e&otions rat!er t!an on rational considerations .3/ assertin# t!at t!e evidence s!e cites in s%''ort o" !er s%##estion is "alse .E/ invokin# a co&'etin# obli#ation t!at !e +%d#es to override !er 'ractical considerations @. N%estions !ave arisen re#ardin# t!e acc%rac, o" t!e re'orts t!e %niversit,s arc!aeolo#ical &%se%& iss%es on its sales and ac0%isitions "or t!e ,ear. To "orestall controvers,9 t!is ,ears re'ort is bein# revie ed b, t!ree arc!aeolo#ists "ro& ot!er %niversities. Since t!ese arc!aeolo#ists ill be #iven "%ll access to all doc%&ents on !ic! t!e re'ort is based9 t!e, ill be able to deter&ine !et!er it is indeed acc%rate. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ does not s'eci", !et!er t!e revie ers ill !ave access to data abo%t ob+ects t!at !ave been in t!e &%se%&s collection "or &an, ,ears .1/ 'rovides no in"or&ation re#ardin# t!e si)e or 0%alit, o" t!e arc!aeolo#ical &%se%&s collection .C/ o&its an, &ention o" !et!er t!e &%se%&s collection is on dis'la, or is available onl, to researc!ers .3/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!ere &i#!t !ave been so&e sales or ac0%isitions d%rin# t!e 'ast ,ear t!at ere not &entioned in t!e doc%&ents on !ic! t!e re'ort as based .E/ does not describe !at ill occ%r i" t!e revie ers discover discre'ancies bet een t!e re'ort and t!e doc%&ents on !ic! it as based G. En#ineer: So&e 'eo'le ar#%e t!at t!e orlds ener#, 'roble&s co%ld be solved b, &inin# t!e Moon "or !eli%&8<9 !ic! co%ld be %sed "or "%el in "%sion reactors. 1%t t!is is nonsense. Even i" it ere 'ossible to &ine t!e Moon "or !eli%&8<9 t!e tec!nolo#, needed to b%ild viable "%sion reactors t!at co%ld %se s%c! "%el is at least @I ,ears a a,. I" t!e orlds ener#, 'roble&s are not solved be"ore t!en9 it ill be too late to solve t!ose 'roble&s. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ &inin# t!e Moon "or !eli%&8< is c%rrentl, not "easible .1/ "%sion reactors t!at are no bein# 'lanned are not desi#ned to %se !eli%&8< as "%el .C/ 'eo'le !o advocate &inin# t!e Moon "or !eli%&8< do not reali)e t!at "%sion reactors co%ld be desi#ned to %se "%els ot!er t!an !eli%&8< .3/ &inin# t!e Moon "or !eli%&8< is not a 'ossible sol%tion to t!e orlds ener#, 'roble&s .E/ i" t!e orlds ener#, 'roble&s are not solved it!in t!e ne(t @I ,ears9 it ill be too late to solve t!ose 'roble&s

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GA5

Questions '-8 T!e "is!in# ind%str, cannot c%rrentl, be relied %'on to !el' t!e #overn&ent co%nt t!e seabirds killed b, net "is!in#9 since an acc%rate co%nt &i#!t res%lt in restriction o" net "is!in#. T!e #overn&ent s!o%ld t!ere"ore instit%te a 'ro#ra& %nder !ic! tiss%e sa&'les "ro& t!e dead birds are e(a&ined to deter&ine t!e a&o%nt o" to(ins in t!e "is! eaten b, t!e birds. T!e ind%str, o%ld t!en !ave a reason to t%rn in t!e bird carcasses9 since t!e ind%str, needs to kno !et!er t!e "is! it catc!es are conta&inated it! to(ins. A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e seabirds t!at are killed b, net "is!in# do not eat all o" t!e s'ecies o" "is! ca%#!t b, t!e "is!in# ind%str,. .1/ T!e #overn&ent !as not in t!e 'ast so%#!t to deter&ine !et!er "is! ere conta&inated it! to(ins b, e(a&inin# tiss%e sa&'les o" seabirds. .C/ T!e #overn&ent cannot #ain an acc%rate co%nt o" t!e n%&ber o" seabirds killed b, net "is!in# %nless t!e "is!in# ind%str, coo'erates. .3/ I" t!e #overn&ent kne t!at "is! ca%#!t b, t!e "is!in# ind%str, ere conta&inated b, to(ins9 t!e #overn&ent o%ld restrict net "is!in#. .E/ I" net "is!in# ere restricted b, t!e #overn&ent9 t!en t!e "is!in# ind%str, o%ld beco&e &ore inclined to reveal t!e n%&ber o" seabirds killed b, net "is!in#. B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, indicates t!at t!e #overn&ent 'ro#ra& o%ld not b, itsel" 'rovide an acc%rate co%nt o" t!e seabirds killed b, net "is!in#.A/ T!e seabirds killed b, net "is!in# &i#!t be conta&inated it! several di""erent to(ins even i" t!e birds eat onl, one kind o" "is!. .1/ T!e "is!in# ind%str, co%ld learn !et!er t!e "is! it catc!es are conta&inated it! to(ins i" onl, a "e o" t!e seabirds killed b, t!e nets ere e(a&ined. .C/ T!e #overn&ent co%ld #ain val%able in"or&ation abo%t t!e so%rce o" to(ins b, e(a&inin# tiss%e sa&'les o" t!e seabirds ca%#!t in t!e nets. .3/ T!e "is! ca%#!t in a 'artic%lar net &i#!t be conta&inated it! t!e sa&e to(ins as t!ose in t!e seabirds ca%#!t in t!at net. .E/ T!e #overn&ent o%ld be illin# to certi", t!at t!e "is! ca%#!t b, t!e ind%str, are not conta&inated it! to(ins i" tests done on t!e seabirds s!o ed no conta&ination. H. So&e 'eo'le clai& t!at elected o""icials &%st avoid even t!e a''earance o" i&'ro'riet, in o""ice. *et since actions t!at #ive t!e a''earance o" i&'ro'riet, are not necessaril, i&'ro'er9 t!e onl, reason "or an elected o""icial to avoid t!e a''earance o" i&'ro'riet, is to &aintain '%blic a''roval and 'o'%larit,. 2o one !o ever9 not even a '%blic o""icial9 !as an obli#ation to be 'o'%lar or to &aintain '%blic a''roval. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GA<

T!e ar#%&ent is str%ct%red so as to lead to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ 2o elected o""icial !as an obli#ation to avoid t!e a''earance o" i&'ro'riet,. .1/ All elected o""icials !ave a vested interest in &aintainin# a !i#! '%blic a''roval ratin#. .C/ Elected o""icial !o !ave been scr%'%lo%s in satis",in# t!e obli#ations o" t!eir o""ice s!o%ld ens%re t!at t!e '%blic is a are o" t!is "act. .3/ T!e '%blic never a''roves o" an elected o""icial !o a''ears to !ave be!aved i&'ro'erl, in o""ice. .E/ Elected o""icials !o ab%se t!e 'o er o" t!eir o""ice !ave an obli#ation at least to a''ear to be "%l"illin# t!e obli#ations o" t!eir o""ice. 1I. Ca"eteria 'atron: T!e a''les sold in t!is ca"eteria are #reas,. T!e cas!ier told &e t!at t!e a''les are in t!at condition !en t!e, are delivered to t!e ca"eteria and t!at t!e ca"eteria does not as! t!e a''les it sells. Most "r%it is s'ra,ed it! dan#ero%s 'esticides be"ore it is !arvested9 and is dan#ero%s %ntil it is as!ed. Clearl,9 t!e ca"eteria is sellin# 'esticide8covered "r%it9 t!ereb, endan#erin# its 'atrons. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ T!e a''les t!at t!e ca"eteria sells are not t!oro%#!l, as!ed a"ter !arvest b%t be"ore reac!in# t!e ca"eteria. .1/ Most 'esticides t!at are s'ra,ed on "r%it be"ore !arvest leave a #reas, resid%e on t!e "r%it. .C/ Man, o" t!e ca"eterias 'atrons are %na are t!at t!e ca"eteria does not as! t!e a''les it sells. .3/ 7nl, 'esticides t!at leave a #reas, resid%e on "r%it can be as!ed o"". .E/ $r%its ot!er t!an a''les also arrive at t!e ca"eteria in a #reas, condition. 11. F: 1eca%se an elected o""icial needs t!e s%''ort o" a 'olitical 'art, to be e""ective9 t!e inde'endent candidate "or t!e le#islat%re cannot 'ossibl, be an e""ective le#islator i" s!e ins. N: I disa#ree. 1, ,o%r reasonin#9 o%r c%rrent le#islator9 !o !as t!e s%''ort o" a 'olitical 'art,9 o%#!t to !ave been e""ective9 b%t !e !as !ot been. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e best criticis& o" Ns state&ent.A/ It si&'l, contradicts Fs clai& it!o%t o""erin# evidence a#ainst it. .1/ It does not consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at a 'olitical 'art, &i#!t decide to s%''ort an elected le#islator even t!o%#! !e or s!e ran as an inde'endent. .C/ It "ails to 'rovide a 'recise de"inition "or a ke, ter&Kt!e ord >e""ective.? .3/ It 'res%''oses !at is to be 'rovedKt!at a le#islator &%st !ave t!e s%''ort o" a 'olitical 'art, in order to be >e""ective.? .E/ It &istakenl, inter'rets F to be clai&in# t!at a "actor ass%res rat!er t!an is http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GAC

necessar, "or a le#islators e""ectiveness. Questions 1!-13 F%blic !ealt! ill i&'rove &ore 0%ickl, in t!e ake o" ne &edical discoveries i" &edical researc!ers abandon t!eir 'ractice o" aitin# %ntil t!eir "indin#s are '%blis!ed in 'eer8revie ed +o%rnals be"ore in"or&in# t!e 'ress o" i&'ortant researc! res%lts. T!at is beca%se t!e '%blic release o" ne &edical in"or&ation allo s 'eo'le to %se t!at in"or&ation in order to i&'rove t!eir !ealt!9 b%t t!e 'eer8revie 'rocess is %navoidabl, ver, slo . 15. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Man, &edical researc!ers do not a#ree to serve as revie ers !en t!eir o n researc! is in a critical '!ase. .1/ Revie ers "or &an, &edical +o%rnals are not t!e&selves &edical researc!ers. .C/ Feo'le o%ld %se ne &edical in"or&ation even i" it ere not "irst '%blis!ed in 'eer8revie ed +o%rnals. .3/ T!e 'eer8revie 'rocess co%ld be s'eeded %' eno%#! to 'rod%ce a si#ni"icant i&'rove&ent in '%blic !ealt!. .E/ 2e &edical in"or&ation t!at is "irst '%blis!ed in 'eer8revie ed +o%rnals does not %s%all, receive '%blic attention. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Feer revie o"ten 'revents t!e '%blication o" "alse concl%sions dra n on t!e basis o" 'oorl, cond%cted &edical researc!. .1/ Feo'le o"ten alter t!eir li"e8st,les on t!e basis o" ne &edical in"or&ation &ade available t!ro%#! t!e 'ress. .C/ So&e i&'rove&ents in '%blic !ealt! are d%e to "actors ot!er t!an t!e discover, o" ne &edical in"or&ation. .3/ So&e ne s'a'ers o%ld be illin# to '%blis! t!e res%lts o" &edical researc! be"ore t!ose res%lts !ave a''eared in 'eer8revie ed +o%rnals. .E/ Most 'eer8revie ed scienti"ic +o%rnals o%ld re"%se to #ive %' t!e 'ractice o" 'eer revie . 1C. 1et een 1HAA and 1HBA9 t!e co%ntr, o" Ravonia lost abo%t 159III +obs in lo##in# and ood 'rocessin# re'resentin# a 1@ 'ercent decrease in e&'lo,&ent in t!e co%ntr,s ti&ber ind%str,. Farado(icall,9 t!is loss o" +obs occ%rred even as t!e a&o%nt o" ood taken "ro& t!e "orests o" Ravonia increased b, 1I 'ercent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado(.A/ 2ot since t!e 1H@Is !as t!e ti&ber ind%str, been Ravonias &ost i&'ortant ind%str, econo&icall,. .1/ 1et een 1HAA and 1HBA9 t!e total n%&ber o" acres o" ti&berland in Ravonia

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GA@

"ell9 !ile t!e de&and "or ood 'rod%cts increased. .C/ Since 1HAA9 a #ro in# 'ro'ortion o" t!e ti&ber t!at !as been c%t in Ravonia !as been e('orted as ra 9 %n'rocessed ood. .3/ Since 1HAA9 do&estic sales o" ood and ood 'rod%cts !ave increased b, &ore t!an e('ort sales !ave increased. .E/ In 1HAA9 overall %ne&'lo,&ent in Ravonia as a''ro(i&atel, 1I 'ercentD in 1HBA9 Ravonias %ne&'lo,&ent rate as 1@ 'ercent. 1@. To 'er"or& an act t!at is &orall, ron# is to o""end a#ainst !%&anit,9 and all o""enses a#ainst !%&anit, are e0%all, bad. 1eca%se &%rder is &orall, ron#9 it is +%st as bad to !ave &%rdered one 'erson b, settin# o"" a bo&b as it o%ld !ave been to !ave &%rdered a !%ndred 'eo'le b, settin# o"" t!at bo&b. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# +%d#&ents con"or&s to t!e 'rinci'les invoked above.A/ I" l,in# is &orall, ron#9 tellin# a lie is as bad as &%rderin# so&eone. .1/ Riskin# ones li"e to save t!e lives o" a !%ndred 'eo'le is &orall, no better t!an riskin# ones li"e to save one 'erson. .C/ I" stealin# is &orall, ron#9 it is e0%all, i&'ortant to societ, to 'revent 'eo'le "ro& stealin# as it is to 'revent t!en "ro& co&&ittin# &%rder. .3/ Accidentall, ca%sin# t!e deat! o" a 'erson is +%st as bad as &%rderin# t!at 'erson. .E/ In a sit%ation in !ic! t!e li"e o" one 'erson can be saved onl, b, killin# anot!er 'erson9 killin# and not killin# are e0%all, bad. 1G. In ,esterda,s co%ncil election a &a+orit, o" voters s%''orted conservative candidates9 and a &a+orit, o" voters s%''orted candidates !o voted in "avor o" t!e anti'oll%tion act. T!ere"ore9 it &%st be t!at a &a+orit, o" voters in ,esterda,s co%ncil election s%''orted conservative candidates !o voted in "avor o" t!e anti'oll%tion act. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ar#%&ent t!at contains "la ed reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 1ill clai&s t!at soil can be da&a#ed i" it tilled !en it is too et9 and S%e clai&s t!at seeds 'lanted in et soil can rot. T!ere"ore9 i" bot! clai&s are tr%e9 #ardeners !o till and 'lant t!eir #ardens !en t!e soil is et da&a#e bot! t!eir soil and t!eir seeds. .1/ Accordin# to Sara9 &ost c!ildren like 'ies. Accordin# to Robert9 &ost c!ildren like bl%eberries. So i" Sara and Robert are bot! ri#!t9 it &%st be t!at &ost c!ildren like 'ies t!at contain bl%eberries. .C/ Mark ill #o on a 'icnic toda, onl, i" it does not rain. S%san ill #o on a 'icnic toda, onl, i" Mark #oes too. Since it is not #oin# to rain toda,9 bot! Mark and S%san ill #o on a 'icnic. .3/ T!e &a+orit, o" c%sto&ers !o re#%larl, eat at t!is resta%rant al a,s order http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GAG

bot! "is! and st%""ed &%s!roo&s. T!%s9 "is! and st%""ed &%s!roo&s &%st be t!e resta%rants &ost "re0%entl, ordered dis!es. .E/ Most 'eo'le livin# at Ginas !o%se cook ell. Since &ost 'eo'le at Ginas !o%se en+o, eatin# ell8cooked &eals9 &ost &eals served at Ginas !o%se are cooked ell. 1A. Folitician: Critics o" etlands8'rotection bill are dela,in# 'assa#e o" t!is i&'ortant le#islation &erel, on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e, disa#ree it! its ne &ore restrictive de"inition o" t!e ter& > etlands.? 1%t t!is bill ill 'lace stricter li&its on t!e develo'&ent o" etlands t!an t!e e(istin# re#%lations do. T!ere"ore9 in 0%ibblin# over se&antics9 critics o" t!is bill s!o t!at t!e, care little abo%t !at reall, !a''ens to o%r etlands. T!e 'oliticians re'l, to t!e o''onents o" t!e etlands8'rotection bill is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It "alsel, identi"ies t!e &otives o" t!ose !o !ave critici)ed t!e etlands8 'rotection bill it! t!e &otives o" all t!ose !o are o''osed to conservation. .1/ It does not ade0%atel, reco#ni)e t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e de"inition o" t!e ord > etlands? deter&ines t!e i&'act o" t!e le#islation. .C/ It ass%&es it!o%t +%sti"ication t!at t!ose !o critici)ed t!e etlands8 'rotection bill stand to 'ro"it i" t!e bill is de"eated. .3/ It "ails to 'rovide a de"ense "or a less restrictive de"inition o" > etlands.? .E/ It atte&'ts to de"end t!e credibilit, o" t!e a%t!or o" t!e bill rat!er t!an de"endin# t!e bill itsel". Questions 18-19 3ill ort!: More and &ore 'eo'le are decidin# not to !ave c!ildren beca%se o" t!e 'ersonal and econo&ic sacri"ices c!ildren re0%ire and beca%se so o"ten c!ildren are %n#rate"%l "or t!e considerable sacri"ices t!eir 'arents do &ake "or t!e&. :o ever9 s%c! considerations !ave no bearin# on t!e "act t!at t!eir c!ildren 'rovide t!e best c!ance &ost 'eo'le !ave o" ens%rin# t!at t!eir val%es live on a"ter t!e&. T!ere"ore9 "or an,one it! dee'l, !eld val%es9 "ore#oin# 'arent!ood o%t o" rel%ctance to &ake sacri"ices "or !ic! little #ratit%de can be e('ected o%ld 'robabl, be a &istake. Travers: *o%r reasonin# i#nores anot!er "act t!at deserves consideration: c!ildrens in#ratit%de "or 'arental sacri"ices %s%all, ste&s "ro& a !olesale re+ection o" 'arental val%es. 1B. 3ill ort! e&'lo,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies.A/ s!o in# t!at considerations cited as dra backs to #iven co%rse o" action are not reall, dra backs at all .1/ e('osin# as &orall, s%s'ect t!e &otives o" 'eo'le !o o%ld &ake t!e c!oice t!at 3ill ort! re+ects http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GAA

.C/ indirectl, establis!in# t!at a #iven co%rse o" action is obli#ator, b, ar#%in# t!at t!e alternative co%rse o" action is 'ro!ibited .3/ distin#%is!in# a cate#or, o" 'erson "or !o& t!e reason 'resented in "avor o" a #iven co%rse o" action is &ore tellin# t!an t!e reasons cited a#ainst t!at co%rse o" action .E/ %sin# evidence t!at a certain co%rse o" action o%ld be a''ro'riate %nder one set o" conditions to arrive at a #eneral concl%sion abo%t !at o%ld be a''ro'riate in all cases 1H. T!e 'oint o" Travers re+oinder to 3ill ort!s ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ 3ill ort!s ass%&'tion t!at c!ildren ac0%ire val%es onl, "ro& t!eir 'arents is &istaken .1/ it is a &istake to dis&iss as irrelevant t!e 'ersonal and econo&ic sacri"ices 'eo'le are called on to &ake "or t!e sake o" t!eir c!ildren .C/ 3ill ort! !as overlooked t!e ell8kno n "act t!at 'eo'le it! dee'l, !eld val%es not in"re0%entl, re+ect o''osin# val%es t!at are dee'l, !eld b, ot!ers .3/ t!e desire to 'er'et%ate t!eir val%es s!o%ld not be a "actor in 'eo'les decision to !ave c!ildren .E/ t!e "act t!at c!ildren are o"ten %n#rate"%l "or 'arental sacri"ices is not irrelevant to decidin# !et!er to !ave c!ildren in order to 'er'et%ate ones val%es 5I. =ntil abo%t CII &illion ,ears a#o9 "is!esKt!e "irst tr%e s i&&ersK ere +a less. T!eir "eedin# &et!ods ere li&ited to eit!er s%ckin# in s%r"ace 'lankton or s%ckin# in "ood 'articles "ro& botto& &%d. 6it! t!e develo'&ent o" bitin# +a s9 !o ever9 t!e li"e o" "is!es c!an#ed dra&aticall,9 since +a s allo ed t!e& activel, to '%rs%e 're,9 to sei)e it in t!eir +a s9 and to &ani'%late it bet een t!eir teet!. T!e +a ed "is!es t!en develo'ed alon# t o &ain lines: one retained cartila#e "or its skeletons9 "or e(a&'le9 s!arks and ra,sD t!e ot!er ado'ted bone as its 'rinci'al skeletal &aterial. $ro& t!e latter #ro%' evolved t!e &ost ab%ndant and diverse o" all o" toda,s vertebrate #ro%'s9 t!e >teleosts9? so&e 519III s'ecies9 !ic! var, "ro& barrac%das to sea !orses. I" all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also t!e tr%e.A/ $is! are t!e 'ri&ar, 're, o" all +a ed "is!es. .1/ T!e +a less "is!es did not 're, %'on ot!er "is!. .C/ Teleosts do not "eed %'on 'articles "o%nd in botto& &%d. .3/ Ja less "is!es did not !ave cartila#e as t!eir skeletal &aterial. .E/ Ja less "is!es beca&e e(tinct a''ro(i&atel, CII &illion ,ears a#o. 51. 2%clear reactors are so&eti&es b%ilt in >#eolo#icall, 0%iet? re#ions9 so called b, #eolo#ists beca%se s%c! re#ions are distant "ro& 'late bo%ndaries and contain

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GAB

onl, &inor "a%lts. Since no &inor "a%lt in a #eolo#icall, 0%iet re#ion 'rod%ces an eart!0%ake &ore o"ten t!an once in an, #iven 1II9III8,ear 'eriod9 it "ollo s t!at o" all 'otential n%clear reactor sites in s%c! a re#ion9 t!ose t!at are least likel, to be str%ck b, an eart!0%ake are ones located near a "a%lt t!at !as 'rod%ced an eart!0%ake it!in livin# &e&or,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Geolo#icall, 0%iet re#ions are t!e least dan#ero%s re#ions in !ic! to b%ild n%clear reactors. .1/ $or an, 'otential n%clear reactor site t!e likeli!ood o" bein# str%ck b, an eart!0%ake is t!e 'ri&ar, deter&inant o" site sa"et,. .C/ In a #eolo#icall, 0%iet re#ion ever, 'otential n%clear reactor site is near at least one &inor "a%lt. .3/ 2%clear reactors t!at are located in #eolo#icall, 0%iet re#ions are b%ilt to it!stand at least one b%t not necessaril, &ore t!an one eart!0%ake o" &inor to &oderate "orce. .E/ Eart!0%ake "a%lts in #eolo#icall, 0%iet re#ions 'rod%ce eart!0%akes at least once in 1II9III ,ears. Questions !!-!3 Ma#a)ine editor: I kno t!at so&e o" o%r re#%lar advertisers !ave been 'ress%rin# %s to #ive "avorable &ention to t!eir 'rod%cts in o%r articles9 b%t t!e, s!o%ld reali)e t!at "or %s to ,ield to t!eir is!es o%ld act%all, be a#ainst t!eir interests. To re&ain an e""ective advertisin# ve!icle9 e &%st !ave lo,al readers!i'9 and e o%ld soon lost t!at readers!i' i" o%r readers s%s'ect t!at o%r editorial inte#rit, !as been co&'ro&ised b, 'anderin# to advertisers. Advertisin#8sales director: *o% %nderesti&ate t!e so'!istication o" o%r readers. T!e, reco#ni)e t!at t!e advertise&ents e carr, are not articles9 so t!eir res'onse to t!e advertise&ents !as never de'ended on t!eir o'inion o" t!e editorial inte#rit, o" t!e &a#a)ine as a !ole. 55. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ost acc%rate assess&ent o" t!e advertisin#8 sales directors ar#%&ent as a res'onse to t!e &a#a)ine editors ar#%&ent.A/ It s%cceeds beca%se it s!o s t!at t!e editors ar#%&ent de'ends on an %n arranted ass%&'tion abo%t "actors a""ectin# an advertise&ents e""ectiveness. .1/ It s%ccess beca%se it e('oses as &istaken t!e editors esti&ation o" t!e so'!istication o" t!e &a#a)ines readers. .C/ It s%cceeds beca%se it %nder&ines t!e editors clai& abo%t !o t!e &a#a)ines editorial inte#rit, o%ld be a""ected b, allo in# advertisers to in"l%ence articles. .3/ It "ails beca%se t!e editors ar#%&ent does not de'end on an, ass%&'tion abo%t readers res'onse to t!e advertise&ents t!e, see in t!e &a#a)ine. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GAH

.E/ It "ails beca%se it is based on a &is%nderstandin# o" t!e editors vie abo%t !o readers res'ond to advertise&ents t!e, see in t!e &a#a)ine. 5<. T!e &a#a)ine editors ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ A &a#a)ine editor s!o%ld never be in"l%enced in t!e 'er"or&ance o" !is or !er 'ro"essional d%ties b, t!e is!es o" t!e co&'anies t!at re#%larl, advertise in t!e &a#a)ine. .1/ T!e &a#a)ine cannot #ive an, "avorable &ention in its articles to its re#%lar advertisers it!o%t co&'ro&isin# its re'%tation "or editorial inte#rit,. .C/ $avorable &ention o" t!eir 'rod%cts in t!e &a#a)ines articles is o" less val%e to t!e advertisers t!an is t!e contin%ed e""ectiveness o" t!e &a#a)ine as an advertisin# ve!icle. .3/ Givin# "avorable &ention to a 'rod%ct in a &a#a)ine article is a &ore e""ective "or& o" advertisin# t!an is an e('licit advertise&ent "or t!e 'rod%ct in t!e sa&e &a#a)ine. .E/ Carr,in# 'aid advertise&ents can never 'ose an, t!reat to t!e &a#a)ines re'%tation "or editorial inte#rit, nor to t!e lo,alt, o" its readers!i'. 5C. F%blic 'olic, dictates t!e !ealt! risks t!e '%blic ro%tinel, takes. Statistical ar#%&ents abo%t !ealt! risks are %sed 'ri&aril, to de"lect '%blic "ears9 !ile contrib%tin# little to 'olic, debate. $or e(a&'le9 statistics are cited to i&'l, t!at earin# a seat belt red%ces ones risk o" deat! in an a%to&obile accident9 de"lectin# attention "ro& t!e "act t!at a trans'ortation 'olic, t!at 'ro&otes increasin# %se o" a%to&obiles in!erentl, increases an, individ%als risk o" deat! in an a%to&obile accident. T!e a, t!e e(a&'le "%nctions above is &ost closel, 'aralleled in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Statistics indicate t!at an individ%als risk o" contractin# cancer "ro& radiation e&itted b, a n%clear 'o er 'lant is less t!an t!at o" contractin# cancer "ro& s%ns!ine. T!ese statistics dra attention a a, "ro& t!e "act t!at a 'olic, o" ener#, conservation is sa"er "or !%&an !ealt! t!an a 'olic, based on n%clear ener#,. .1/ Statistics indicate t!at an %rban residents risk o" accidental deat! "ro& an, ca%se is no #reater t!an t!at o" an individ%al !o lives in a s%b%rban or r%ral area. T!ese statistics co%nter t!e idel, !eld '%blic belie" t!at %rban areas are &ore dan#ero%s t!an s%b%rban or r%ral areas. .C/ Statistics indicate t!at t!e avera#e li"e e('ectanc, o" &ales is s!orter t!an t!at o" "e&ales. T!is alone s!o%ld not in"l%ence 'olicies re#ardin# eli#ibilit, "or li"e ins%rance beca%se it is also tr%e t!at an, individ%als e('ectanc, can be calc%lated on t!e basis o" 'ersonal c!aracteristics and !ealt! 'ractices. .3/ Statistics indicate t!at t!e avera#e li"e e('ectanc, o" &ales is s!orter t!an t!at o" "e&ales. 6!en one acco%nts "or t!e "act t!at "e&ales s&oke less and are less likel, to ork in +obs in t!e c!e&ical and &an%"act%rin# ind%stries9 http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GBI

t!e di""erence in li"e e('ectanc, is narro ed. .E/ Statistics indicate t!at t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le de'endent on alco!ol "ar e(ceeds t!e n%&ber de'endent on ille#al addictive dr%#sD t!%s9 an, 'olic, "or t!e control and treat&ent o" s%bstance ab%se s!o%ld 'rovide "or treat&ent o" alco!olis&. 5@. S: It o%ld be 're&at%re to act to !alt t!e t!reatened >#lobal ar&in# trend9? since t!at alle#ed trend &i#!t not be real. A"ter all9 scientists disa#ree abo%t it9 so&e 'redictin# over t ice as &%c! ar&in# as ot!ers9 so clearl, t!eir 'redictions cannot be based on "ir& evidence. 6: Most scientists consider disc%ssions o" acce'ted ideas borin#9 and 're"er to ar#%e abo%t !at is not kno n. Accordin# to t!e International Science Co%ncil t!ere is a consens%s a&on# re'%table investi#ators t!at avera#e #lobal ar&in# in t!e ne(t cent%r, ill be "ro& 1.@ to C.@. 6s re+oinder 'roceeds b, .A/ den,in# t!e e(istence o" t!e disa#ree&ents cited b, S .1/ acce'tin# Ss concl%sion !ile dis'%tin# t!e reasons o""ered "or it .C/ rel,in# on a%t!orities !ose vie s con"lict it! t!e vie s o" t!e a%t!orities cited b, S .3/ '%ttin# disa#ree&ents cited b, S in 'ers'ective b, e&'!asi)in# si&ilarities .E/ reasonin# in a circle b, acce'tin# evidence onl, i" it a#rees it! a desired concl%sion SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

I" a co%ntr,s &an%"act%rin# ca'acit, is "%ll, %tili)ed9 t!ere can be no ind%strial #ro t! it!o%t ne ca'ital invest&ent. An, red%ction in interest rates 'rod%ces ne ca'ital invest&ent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, concl%ded "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ Interest rates &i#!t in e(ce'tional cases be red%ced it!o%t t!ere bein# an, s%bse0%ent invest&ent o" ne ca'ital. .1/ A red%ction in interest rates &i#!t ca%se a 'recondition "or ind%strial #ro t! to be &et. .C/ I" a co%ntr,s &an%"act%rin# ca'acit, is %nder%tili)ed9 interest rates s!o%ld be !eld constant. .3/ 2e ca'ital invest&ent t!at takes 'lace !ile interest rates are risin# cannot lead to ind%strial #ro t!. .E/ Man%"act%rin# ca'acit, ne l, created b, ca'ital invest&ent needs to be "%ll, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GB1

%tili)ed i" it is to lead to ind%strial #ro t!. 5. A certain t,'e o" insect tra' %ses a scented l%re to attract rose beetles into a 'lastic ba# "ro& !ic! it is di""ic%lt "or t!e& to esca'e. I" several o" t!ese tra's are installed in a back,ard #arden9 t!e n%&ber o" rose beetles in t!e #arden ill be #reatl, red%ced. I" onl, one tra' is installed9 !o ever9 t!e n%&ber o" rose beetles in t!e #arden ill act%all, increase. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc,.A/ T!e scent o" a sin#le tra's l%re %s%all, cannot be detected t!ro%#!o%t a back,ard #arden b, rose beetles. .1/ Several tra's are better able to catc! a lar#e n%&ber o" rose beetles t!an is one tra' alone9 since an, rose beetles t!at evade one tra' are likel, to enco%nter anot!er tra' i" t!ere are several tra's in t!e #arden. .C/ 6!en t!ere are several tra's in a #arden9 t!e, eac! ca't%re "e er rose beetles t!an an, sin#le tra' o%ld i" it ere t!e onl, tra' in t!e #arden. .3/ T!e 'resence o" an, tra's in a back,ard #arden ill attract &ore rose beetles t!an one tra' can catc!9 b%t several tra's ill not attract si#ni"icantl, &ore rose beetles to a #arden t!an one tra' ill. .E/ 6!en t!ere is onl, one tra' in t!e #arden9 t!e 'lastic ba# 0%ickl, beco&es "illed to ca'acit,9 allo in# so&e rose beetles to esca'e. <. T!e c%rrent &ove to 'atent co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s is a &ove in t!e ron# direction and s!o%ld be sto''ed. T!e 'atent s,ste& as ori#inall, desi#ned solel, to 'rotect s&all8ti&e inventors "ro& e('loitation9 not to #ive lar#e cor'orations control over a &et!odolo#,. An, co&'%ter 'ro#ra& is &erel, t!e i&'le&entation o" a &et!odolo#,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s s!o%ld be develo'ed not onl, be lar#e cor'orations b%t b, s&all8ti&e inventors as ell. .1/ I&'le&entin# a &et!odolo#, al a,s re0%ires less creative e""ort t!an does tr%e invention. .C/ T!e iss%e o" !et!er or not to 'atent co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s 'resents t!e 'atent s,ste& it! 'roble&s t!at !ave never be"ore arisen. .3/ Lar#e cor'orations s!o%ld not !old 'atents "or i&'le&entations o" &et!odolo#ies. .E/ S&all8ti&e inventors !o s%''ort t!e &ove to 'atent co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s act contrar, to t!eir o n best interests. Questions 4-5 6alter: $or t!e econo&icall, 'rivile#ed in a societ, to tolerate an in+%stice 'er'etrated a#ainst one o" societ,s disadvanta#ed is not onl, +%st &orall, ron# b%t also http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GB5

s!ortsi#!ted: a s,ste& t!at in"licts an in+%stice on a disadvanta#ed 'erson toda, can e0%all, ell in"lict t!at sa&e in+%stice on a ell8to8do 'erson to&orro . Larissa: In o%r societ,9 t!e ealt!, as ell as t!e ell8ed%cated can 'rotect t!e&selves a#ainst all sorts o" in+%stices s%""ered b, t!e less ell8o"". Allo in# s%c! in+%stices to 'ersist is bad 'olic, not beca%se it 'laces ever,one at e0%al risk o" in+%stice b%t beca%se it is a 'otent so%rce o" social %nrest. C. Larissa res'onds to 6alter b, doin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ #ivin# reason to do%bt t!e tr%t! o" 6alters concl%sion .1/ dra in# i&'la%sible conse0%ences "ro& 6alters ass%&'tions .C/ 0%estionin# 6alters a%t!orit, to address &atters o" social 'olic, .3/ 'rovidin# an alternative reason "or acce'tin# t!e tr%t! o" 6alters concl%sion .E/ c!ar#in# 6alter it! sto''in# s!ort o" reco#ni)in# t!e "%ll i&'lications o" !is 'osition @. 6alter and Larissa are lo#icall, co&&itted b, !at t!e, sa, to disa#ree abo%t !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ !et!er t!e 'oor and t!e ric! are 'art o" t!e sa&e social "abric .1/ !et!er t!e &ost s%ccess"%l &e&bers o" a societ, are t!at societ,s least tolerant 'eo'le .C/ !et!er t!e disadvanta#ed &e&bers o" societ, s%""er "ro& in+%stice .3/ !et!er t!ose !o !ave t!e &ost advanta#es in a societ, are &orall, obli#ated to correct t!at societ,s in+%stices .E/ !et!er t!e econo&icall, 'rivile#ed &e&bers o" a societ, are less e('osed to certain sorts o" in+%stices t!an are t!e econo&icall, disadvanta#ed G. T!ree &a+or la%ndr, deter#ent &an%"act%rers !ave concentrated t!eir 'o dered deter#ents b, red%cin# t!e 'ro'ortion o" inactive in#redients in t!e deter#ent "or&%las. T!e concentrated deter#ents ill be sold in s&aller 'acka#es. In e('lainin# t!e c!an#e9 t!e &an%"act%rers cited t!e desire to red%ce cardboard 'acka#in# and ot!er 'rod%ction costs. Market anal,sts 'redict t!at t!e decision o" t!ese t!ree &an%"act%rers9 !o control BI 'ercent o" t!e la%ndr, deter#ent &arket9 ill event%all, brin# abo%t t!e virt%al disa''earance o" old8st,le b%lk, deter#ents. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e 'rediction &ade b, t!e &arket anal,sts.A/ Most s&aller &an%"act%rers o" la%ndr, deter#ents ill consider it too e('ensive to retool "actories "or t!e 'rod%ction o" t!e s&aller deter#ent 'acka#es. .1/ Man, cons%&ers ill be ske'tical initiall, t!at t!e reco&&ended s&all a&o%nt o" concentrated deter#ent ill clean la%ndr, as e""ectivel, as t!e lar#er a&o%nt o" t!e old8st,le deter#ent did. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GB<

.C/ So&e anal,sts believe t!at cons%&ers ill !ave to 'a, a #reater cost 'er load o" la%ndr, to %se t!e ne concentrated deter#ent t!an t!e, did to %se t!e old8st,le deter#ent. .3/ Ma+or s%'er&arkets !ave anno%nced t!at t!e, ill not c!ar#e t!e deter#ent &an%"act%rers less to dis'la, t!eir deter#ents even t!o%#! t!e deter#ents ill take %' less s!el" s'ace. .E/ Cons%&ers are increasin#l, bein# 'ers%aded b, environ&ental concerns to b%, concentrated deter#ents !en available in order to red%ce cardboard aste. Questions '-8 Folitical advocate: Ca&'ai#ns "or elective o""ice s!o%ld be s%bsidi)ed it! '%blic "%nds. 7ne reason is t!at t!is o%ld allo 'oliticians to devote less ti&e to "%nd8 raisin#9 t!%s #ivin# ca&'ai#nin# inc%&bents &ore ti&e to serve t!e '%blic. A second reason is t!at s%c! s%bsidies o%ld &ake it 'ossible to set ca's on individ%al ca&'ai#n contrib%tions9 t!ereb, red%cin# t!e likeli!ood t!at elected o""icials ill be orkin# "or t!e bene"it not o" t!e '%blic b%t o" individ%al lar#e contrib%tors. Critic: T!is ar#%&ent is 'roble&atic: t!e &ore t!e ca's constrain contrib%tions9 t!e &ore ti&e candidates !ave to s'end "indin# &ore s&all contrib%tors. A. T!e critic ob+ects t!at t!e advocates ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se .A/ an, reso%rce"%l lar#e contrib%tor can circ%&vent ca's on individ%al contrib%tions b, sendin# in s&aller a&o%nts %nder vario%s na&es .1/ one o" t!e 'ro+ected res%lts cited in s%''ort o" t!e 'ro'osal &ade is entailed b, t!e ot!er and t!ere"ore does not constit%te inde'endent s%''ort o" t!e 'ro'osal .C/ o" t!e t o 'ro+ected res%lts cited in s%''ort o" t!e 'ro'osal &ade9 one orks a#ainst t!e ot!er .3/ it overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at lar#e contrib%tors ill sto' contrib%tin# i" t!e, cannot contrib%te at ill .E/ it overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at inc%&bents it! a "e e(tre&el, #enero%s contrib%tors ill be !it !arder b, ca's t!an inc%&bents it! &an, &oderatel, #enero%s contrib%tors B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'le9 i" establis!ed9 'rovides a basis "or t!e advocates ar#%&ent.A/ I" co&'lete reliance on 'rivate "%ndin# o" so&e activit, kee's t!e '%blic "ro& en+o,in# a bene"it t!at co%ld be 'rovided i" '%blic "%nds ere %sed9 s%c! '%blic "%nds s!o%ld be 'rovided. .1/ I" election ca&'ai#ns are to be "ended "ro& '%blic "%nds9 ter&s o" o""ice "or elected o""icials s!o%ld be len#t!ened. .C/ I" in an election ca&'ai#n lar#e contrib%tions "lo 'ri&aril, to one http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GBC

candidate9 '%blic "%nds s!o%ld be %sed to s%''ort t!e ca&'ai#ns o" t!at candidates rivals. .3/ I" '%blic "%ndin# o" so&e activit, 'rod%ces a bene"it to t!e '%blic b%t also inevitabl, a s'ecial bene"it "or s'eci"ic individ%als9 t!e activit, s!o%ld not be "%ll, "%nded '%blicl, b%t in 'art b, t!e individ%als derivin# t!e s'ecial bene"it. .E/ I" a 'erson o%ld not !ave r%n "or o""ice in t!e absence o" '%blic ca&'ai#n s%bsidies9 t!is 'erson s!o%ld not be eli#ible "or an, s%c! s%bsidies. H. 2ovice bird8 atc!er: I dont kno &%c! abo%t ani&al tracks9 b%t I do kno t!at birds t,'icall, !ave "o%r toes9 and &ost birds !ave t!ree toes 'ointin# "or ard and one toe 'ointin# back ard. Since t!is track as &ade b, an ani&al it! "o%r toes o" !ic! t!ree 'oint "or ard and one 'oints back ard9 e can concl%de it as &ade b, so&e kind o" bird. T!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se it .A/ relies on t!e va#%eness o" t!e ter& >track? .1/ does not de"ine birds as ani&als it! "o%r toes .C/ "ails to identi", !at kind o" bird &i#!t !ave &ade t!e track .3/ does not establis! t!at onl, a bird co%ld !ave &ade t!e track .E/ de'ends on evidence abo%t an individ%al bird rat!er t!an abo%t birds in #eneral 1I. Fs,c!olo#ists !ave clai&ed t!at &an, 'eo'le are &ore s%sce'tible to 's,c!olo#ical 'roble&s in t!e inter t!an in t!e s%&&erD t!e 's,c!olo#ists call t!is condition seasonal a""ective disorder. T!eir clai& is based on t!e res%lts o" s%rve,s in !ic! 'eo'le ere asked to recall !o t!e, "elt at vario%s ti&es in t!e 'ast. :o ever9 it is not clear t!at 'eo'le are able to re'ort acc%ratel, on t!eir 'ast 's,c!olo#ical states. T!ere"ore9 t!ese s%rve, res%lts do not +%sti", t!e 's,c!olo#ists clai& t!at t!ere is an, s%c! condition as seasonal a""ective disorder. T!e a%t!or critici)es t!e 's,c!olo#ists clai& b, .A/ o""erin# an alternative e('lanation o" t!e variation in t!e occ%rrence o" 's,c!olo#ical 'roble&s across seasons .1/ 0%estionin# !et!er an, seasonal variation in t!e occ%rrence o" 's,c!olo#ical 'roble&s co%ld 'ro'erl, be labeled a disorder .C/ 0%estionin# t!e re'resentativeness o" t!e 'o'%lation sa&'le s%rve,ed b, t!e 's,c!olo#ists .3/ 0%estionin# an ass%&'tion t!at t!e a%t!or attrib%tes to t!e 's,c!olo#ists .E/ de&onstratin# t!at "e er 'eo'le act%all, s%""er "ro& seasonal a""ective disorder t!an 's,c!olo#ists !ad 'revio%sl, t!o%#!t 11. =nless t!e residents o" Glen :ills band to#et!er9 t!e 'ro'osal to re)one t!at cit, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GB@

ill be a''roved. I" it is9 t!e cit, ill be able to b%ild t!e ater and se er s,ste&s t!at develo'ers need in order to constr%ct a'art&ent !o%ses t!ere. T!ese b%ildin#s o%ld attract ne residents9 and t!e increased 'o'%lation o%ld 'robabl, res%lt in overcro ded sc!ools and o%ld certainl, res%lt in roads so con#ested t!at ne roads o%ld be b%ilt. 2eit!er ne roads nor additional sc!ools co%ld be b%ilt it!o%t s%bstantial ta( increases "or t!e residents o" Glen :ills. =lti&atel, t!is #ro t! &i#!t even destro, t!e r%ral at&os'!ere t!at &akes Glen :ills so attractive. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, concl%ded "ro& t!e 'assa#e.A/ I" t!e citi)ens o" Glen :ills band to#et!er9 develo'ers ill not b%ild a'art&ent !o%ses. .1/ I" develo'ers b%ild a'art&ent !o%ses in Glen :ills9 t!ere ill be s%bstantial ta( increases "or t!e residents o" Glen :ills. .C/ I" t!e re)onin# 'ro'osal does not 'ass9 t!e r%ral at&os'!ere in Glen :ills ill not be lost. .3/ I" develo'ers do not b%ild a'art&ent !o%ses in Glen :ills9 t!e ta(es o" t!e residents o" Glen :ills ill not increase s%bstantiall,. .E/ I" develo'ers do not b%ild a'art&ent !o%ses in Glen :ills9 t!e sc!ools o" Glen :ills ill not be overcro ded and roads ill not be con#ested. 15. 7ne ,ear a#o a local #overn&ent initiated an antis&okin# advertisin# ca&'ai#n in local ne s'a'ers !ic! it "inanced b, i&'osin# a ta( on ci#arettes o" 5I cents 'er 'ack. 7ne ,ear later t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le in t!e localit, !o s&oke ci#arettes !ad declined b, < 'ercent. Clearl,9 !at as said in t!e advertise&ents !ad an e""ect9 alt!o%#! a s&all one9 on t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le in t!e localit, !o s&oke ci#arettes. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to stren#t!en ar#%&ent.A/ Residents o" t!e localit, !ave not increased t!eir %se o" ot!er tobacco 'rod%cts s%c! as sn%"" and c!e in# tobacco since t!e ca&'ai#n ent into e""ect. .1/ A s%bstantial n%&ber o" ci#arette s&okers in t!e localit, !o did not 0%it s&okin# d%rin# t!e ca&'ai#n no s&oke less t!an t!e, did be"ore it be#an. .C/ Ad&issions to t!e local !os'ital "or c!ronic res'irator, ail&ents ere do n b, 1@ 'ercent one ,ear a"ter t!e ca&'ai#n be#an. .3/ Merc!ants in t!e localit, res'onded to t!e local ta( b, red%cin# t!e 'rice at !ic! t!e, sold ci#arettes b, 5I cents 'er 'ack. .E/ S&okers in t!e localit, !ad inco&es t!at on avera#e ere 5@ 'ercent lo er t!an t!ose o" nons&okers. 1<. 2o 'ro+ects t!at involve !istorical restorations ere #ranted b%ildin# 'er&its t!is &ont!. Since so&e o" t!e c%rrent 'ro+ects o" t!e "ir& o" Stein and Sa'in are !istorical restorations9 at least so&e o" Stein and Sa'ins 'ro+ects ere not http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GBG

#ranted b%ildin# 'er&its t!is &ont!. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 2one o" t!e doctors orkin# at Cit, :os'ital ere trained abroad. So9 alt!o%#! so&e !os'itals re0%ire doctors trained abroad to 'ass an e(tra 0%ali",in# e(a&9 %ntil no 9 at least9 t!is !as not been an iss%e "or Cit, :os'ital. .1/ 2one o" t!e ne s re'orts "ro& t!e econo&ic s%&&it &eetin# !ave been enco%ra#in#. Since so&e ot!er recent econo&ic re'orts !ave s!o ed 'ositive trends9 !o ever9 at least so&e o" t!e econo&ic ne s is enco%ra#in# at t!is ti&e. .C/ 2one o" t!e ne &e&bers o" t!e orc!estra !ave co&'leted t!eir 'a'er ork. Since onl, t!ose 'eo'le !o !ave co&'leted t!eir 'a'er ork can be 'aid t!is eek9 at least so&e o" t!e ne &e&bers o" t!e orc!estra are likel, to be 'aid late. .3/ Several "il&s directed b, :anna! 1arker ere released t!is season9 b%t none o" t!e "il&s released t!is season ere ent!%siasticall, revie ed. T!ere"ore9 at least so&e o" :anna! 1arkers "il&s !ave not received ent!%siastic revie s. .E/ So&e o" t!e cit,s &ost bea%ti"%l 'arks are not lar#er t!an "e acres9 and so&e o" t!e 'arks onl, a "e acres in si)e are a&on# t!e cit,s oldest. T!ere"ore9 so&e o" cit,s &ost bea%ti"%l 'arks are also its oldest 'arks. 1C. Man, artists clai& t!at art critics "ind it is easier to rite abo%t art t!at t!e, dislike t!an to rite abo%t art t!at t!e, like. 6!et!er or not t!is !,'ot!esis is correct9 &ost art criticis& is devoted to art orks t!at "ail to satis", t!e critic. :ence it "ollo s t!at &ost art criticis& is devoted to orks ot!er t!an t!e #reatest orks o" art. T!e concl%sion above is 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ 2o art critic en+o,s ritin# abo%t art orks t!at !e or s!e dislikes intensel,. .1/ All art critics "ind it di""ic%lt to discover art orks t!at tr%l, satis", t!e&. .C/ A ork o" art t!at receives e(tensive critical attention can t!ereb, beco&e &ore idel, kno n t!an it ot!er ise o%ld !ave been. .3/ T!e #reatest orks o" art are never reco#ni)ed as s%c! %ntil lon# a"ter t!e ti&e o" t!eir creation. .E/ T!e #reatest orks o" art are orks t!at inevitabl, satis", all critics. 1@. 1abies !o can !ear and !ave !earin# 'arents !o e('ose t!e& to s'eec! be#in to babble at a certain a#e as a 'rec%rsor to s'eakin#. In t!e sa&e a,9 dea" babies it! dea" 'arents !o co&&%nicate it! t!e& and it! eac! ot!er b, si#nin# be#in to babble in si#ns at t!e sa&e a#e. T!at is9 t!e, &ake re'etitive !and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GBA

#est%res t!at constit%te9 it!in t!e lan#%a#e s,ste& o" si#ns9 t!e analo#%e o" re'eated s,llables in s'eec!. T!e in"or&ation above9 i" acc%rate9 can best be %sed as evidence a#ainst !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses.A/ 2a&es o" 'ersons or t!in#s are t!e si&'lest ords in a lan#%a#e9 since babies %se t!e& be"ore %sin# t!e na&es o" actions or 'rocesses. .1/ T!e develo'&ent o" lan#%a#e co&'etenc, in babies de'ends 'ri&aril, on t!e '!,sical &at%ration o" t!e vocal tract9 a 'rocess t!at re0%ires s'eec!8 oriented vocal activit,. .C/ In t!e absence o" ad%lts !o co&&%nicate it! eac! ot!er in t!eir 'resence9 babies develo' idios,ncratic lan#%a#es. .3/ In babblin#9 babies are %na are t!at t!e so%nd or #est%re co&binations t!e, %se can be e&'lo,ed in a '%r'osive a,. .E/ T!e &akin# o" !and #est%res b, !earin# babies !o !ave !earin# 'arents s!o%ld be inter'reted as a 'art o" t!eir develo'in# lan#%a#e. 1G. Eac! o" t!e ele&ents o" Girellis recentl, co&'leted desi#n "or a %niversit, librar, is co'ied "ro& a di""erent one o" several !istoric libraries. T!e desi#n incl%des vario%s "eat%res "ro& Classical Greek9 Isla&ic9 Mo#%l9 and Ro&anes0%e str%ct%res. Since no one ele&ent in t!e desi#n is ori#inal9 it "ollo s t!at t!e desi#n o" t!e librar, cannot be considered ori#inal. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a reasonin# error &ade in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ ass%&in# t!at beca%se so&et!in# is tr%e o" eac! o" t!e 'arts o" a !ole it is tr%e o" t!e !ole itsel" .1/ #enerali)in# ille#iti&atel, "ro& a "e instances o" a certain kind to all instances o" t!at kind .C/ concl%din# t!at an %nkno n instance o" a '!eno&enon &%st !ave all t!e 'ro'erties o" t!e kno n instance .3/ 'res%''osin# t!at alternatives t!at can be tr%e se'aratel, cannot be tr%e to#et!er .E/ derivin# a "act%al concl%sion "ro& evidence derived "ro& re'orts o" aest!etic 're"erences Questions 1'-18 Alt!o%#! tales o" onder and t!e "antastic are inte#ral to all orld literat%res9 onl, recentl, !as t!e "antas, #enre !ad a co&&ercial res%r#ence in 2ort! A&erica. 3%rin# t!e last 5I ,ears9 sales o" "antas,8"iction books ritten "or ad%lts !ave #one "ro& 1 to 1I 'ercent o" total ad%lt8"iction sales. At t!e sa&e ti&e9 t!e n%&ber o" "avorable revie s o" "antas, books !as increased &arkedl,. So&e booksellers sa, t!at t!e increased sales o" "antas, books ritten "or ad%lts can be traced to t!e increased "avorable attention #iven to t!e #enre b, book revie ers.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GBB

1A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 %nder&ines t!e booksellers e('lanation o" t!e #ro t! in sales o" "antas,8"iction books "or ad%lts.A/ F%blis!ers o"ten select a &an%scri't on t!e basis o" !et!er t!e, t!ink t!at t!e '%blis!ed book ill receive "avorable revie s b, book revie ers. .1/ $e readers o" "antas, "iction read book revie s and even "e er select books to '%rc!ase on t!e basis o" t!ose revie s. .C/ Most booksellers are a are o" !at &a+or book revie ers !ave ritten abo%t recentl, '%blis!ed books. .3/ Alt!o%#! t!e increase in t!e 'ercenta#e o" "antas, books sold !as been s%bstantial9 '%blis!ers esti&ate t!at sales co%ld increase even "%rt!er. .E/ Man, o" t!e book revie s o" ne "antas,8"iction novels also &ention #reat "antas, novels o" t!e 'ast. 1B. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e booksellers e('lanation o" t!e #ro t! in sales o" "antas,8"iction books "or ad%lts.A/ Man, e('erts re'ort t!at on avera#e t!e readin# level o" book b%,ers !as declined over t!e 'ast 5I ,ears. .1/ 1eca%se li"e d%rin# t!e 'ast 5I ,ears !as beco&e co&'le( and di""ic%lt9 &an, readers !ave co&e to 're"er t!e !a'', endin#s t!at "antas, "iction o"ten 'rovides. .C/ So&e "antas, '%blis!ers take advanta#e o" t!e 'o'%larit, o" certain books b, co&&issionin# si&ilar books. .3/ 1eca%se "e readers o" &,ster, novels ere b%,in# "antas, "iction9 1I ,ears a#o t!e &a+or '%blis!ers o" "antas, "iction created an advertisin# ca&'ai#n directed s'eci"icall, at t!ose readers. .E/ A"ter "antas, "iction be#an to be "avorabl, revie ed b, res'ected critics 5I ,ears a#o9 book b%,ers be#an to re#ard "antas, books as s%itable readin# "or ad%lts. 1H. 7" all t!e !o%ses in t!e cit,s !istoric district9 t!e !o%se t!at once belon#ed to t!e T,ler "a&il, is t!e &ost "a&o%s b, "ar. Since t!e !istoric district is t!e &ost "a&o%s district in t!e cit,9 t!e T,ler !o%se &%st be t!e cit,s &ost "a&o%s !o%se. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!e "la ed reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 7" all t!e 'eaks in t!e coastal &o%ntain ran#e9 Mo%nt 6illia&s is t!e tallest. Since t!e tallest 'eaks in t!e entire re#ion are in t!e coastal &o%ntain ran#e9 Mo%nt 6illia&s &%st be t!e re#ions tallest 'eak. .1/ Tobacco s&okin# is t!e be!avior &ost likel, to ca%se l%n# cancer in 'eo'le. Since &ore tobacco is s&oked in Greene Co%nt, t!an an, !ere else in t!e orld9 t!ere &%st be &ore l%n# cancer in Greene Co%nt, t!an an, !ere else in t!e orld. .C/ S%san Cole&an is t!e oldest o" t!e t!ree c!ildren in !er "a&il,. Since t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GBH

t!ree Cole&an c!ildren are eac! older t!an an, o" t!e ot!er c!ildren !o live in t!eir b%ildin#9 S%san Cole&an &%st be t!e oldest c!ild no livin# in t!e b%ildin#. .3/ 7" all t!e "is! stores in t!e !arbors area9 Millers $is! Market !as t!e &ost e(otic selection o" "is!. Since t!ere are &an, &ore "is! stores in t!e !arbor area t!an an, !ere else in t!e cit,9 Millers $is! Market &%st !ave t!e &ost e(otic selection o" "is! in t!e cit,. .E/ 7" all t!e "lo ers #ro n in t!e %niversit,s botanical #arden9 t!e 7akland roses are t!e &ost bea%ti"%l. Since t!e %niversit,s botanical #arden is t!e &ost bea%ti"%l #arden in t!e re#ion9 t!e 7akland roses #ro n in t!e #arden &%st be t!e &ost bea%ti"%l "lo ers #ro n in t!e entire re#ion. 5I. Morton: In order to s%cceed in toda,s societ, one &%st !ave a colle#e de#ree. Ske'tics !ave ob+ected t!at t!ere are &an, 'eo'le !o never co&'leted an, ed%cation be,ond !i#! sc!ool b%t !o are nevert!eless 0%ite s%ccess"%l. T!is s%ccess is onl, a''arent9 !o ever9 beca%se it!o%t a colle#e de#ree a 'erson does not !ave eno%#! ed%cation to be tr%l, s%ccess"%l. Mortons ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se it .A/ ass%&es !at it sets o%t to concl%de .1/ &istakes a correlation "or a ca%se .C/ dra s a !i#!l, #eneral concl%sion "ro& evidence abo%t individ%al cases .3/ "ails to consider t!e stat%s o" alle#ed co%ntere(a&'les .E/ bases its concl%sion on t!e s%''osition t!at &ost 'eo'le believe in t!at concl%sion 51. Even t!e earliest kno n s'ecies o" land ani&als9 kno n "ro& "ossils datin# "ro& t!e late Sil%rian 'eriod9 CII &illion ,ears a#o9 s!o !i#!l, evolved ada'tations to li"e on land. Since neit!er a0%atic nor a&'!ibio%s ani&als e(!ibit t!ese ada'tations9 earl, s'ecies o" land ani&als &%st !ave evolved ver, ra'idl, a"ter leavin# an a0%atic environ&ent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Mno n "ossils o" earl, land ani&als incl%de "ossils o" ani&als t!at lived relativel, soon a"ter t!e "irst e&er#ence o" land ani&als. .1/ $ossils "ro& t!e late Sil%rian 'eriod re'resent onl, a s&all n%&ber o" t!e ani&al s'ecies t!at ere alive at t!at ti&e. .C/ 2o 'lants ere establis!ed on land be"ore t!e late Sil%rian 'eriod. .3/ 2o 'resent8da, s'ecies o" a0%atic ani&al is descended "ro& a s'ecies o" ani&al t!at once lived on land. .E/ All ani&als alive in t!e late Sil%rian 'eriod lived eit!er e(cl%sivel, on land or e(cl%sivel, in t!e ater. 55. 7n Sat%rda, Melvin s%##ested t!at Jero&e take t!e "ollo in# eek o"" "ro& http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GHI

ork and acco&'an, !i& on a tri' to t!e &o%ntains. Jero&e re"%sed9 clai&in# t!at !e co%ld not a""ord t!e cost o" t!e tri' added to t!e a#es !e o%ld "or"eit b, takin# o"" it!o%t notice. It is clear9 !o ever9 t!at cost cannot be t!e real reason "or Jero&es %n illin#ness to #o it! Melvin to t!e Mo%ntains since !e &akes t!e sa&e e(c%se ever, ti&e Melvin asks !i& to take an %nsc!ed%led vacation re#ardless o" !ere Melvin 'ro'oses to #o. T!e reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ It atte&'ts to "orestall an attack on Melvins be!avior b, "oc%sin# attention on t!e be!avior o" Jero&e. .1/ It "ails to establis! t!at Melvin co%ld no &ore a""ord to take an %nsc!ed%led vacation tri' to t!e &o%ntains t!an co%ld Jero&e. .C/ It overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at Jero&e9 %nlike Melvin9 're"ers vacations t!at !ave been 'lanned "ar in advance. .3/ It ass%&es t!at i" Jero&es 'ro"essed reason is not !is onl, reason9 t!en it cannot be a real reason "or Jero&e at all. .E/ It does not e(a&ine t!e 'ossibilit, t!at Jero&es be!avior is ade0%atel, e('lained b, t!e reason t!e #ives "or it. 5<. Arnold: I as recentl, denied a seat on an airline "li#!t "or !ic! I !ad a con"ir&ed reservation9 beca%se t!e airline !ad overbooked t!e "li#!t. Since I as "orced to "l, on t!e ne(t available "li#!t9 !ic! did not de'art %ntil t o !o%rs later9 I &issed an i&'ortant b%siness &eetin#. Even t!o%#! t!e "li#!t on !ic! I !ad a reservation as canceled at t!e last &in%te d%e to bad eat!er9 t!e airline s!o%ld still 'a, &e co&'ensation "or den,in# &e a seat on t!e "li#!t. Ja&ie: T!e airline is not &orall, obli#ated to 'a, ,o% an, co&'ensation. Even i" ,o% !ad not been denied a seat on t!e earlier "li#!t9 ,o% o%ld !ave &issed ,o%r b%siness &eetin# an, a,. A 'rinci'le t!at9 i" establis!ed9 +%sti"ies Ja&ies res'onse to Arnold is t!at an airline is &orall, obli#ated to co&'ensate a 'assen#er !o !as been denied a seat on a "li#!t "or !ic! t!e 'assen#er !as con"ir&ed reservations .A/ i" t!e onl, reason t!e 'assen#er is "orced to take a later "li#!t is t!at t!e airline overbooked t!e ori#inal "li#!t .1/ onl, i" t!ere is a reason t!e 'assen#er is "orced to take a later "li#!t ot!er t!an t!e ori#inal "li#!ts bein# canceled d%e to bad eat!er .C/ onl, i" t!e 'assen#er o%ld not !ave been "orced to take a later "li#!t !ad t!e airline not overbooked t!e ori#inal "li#!t .3/ even i" t!e onl, reason t!e 'assen#er is "orced to take a later "li#!t ere t!at t!e ori#inal "li#!t is canceled d%e to bad eat!er .E/ even i" t!e 'assen#er o%ld still !ave been "orced to take a later "li#!t !ad t!e airline not overbooked t!e ori#inal "li#!t 5C. 3itra&a is a "ederation &ade %' o" t!ree a%tono&o%s re#ions: Morva9 Mitro9 and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GH1

G%adar. =nder t!e "ederal reven%e8s!arin# 'lan9 eac! re#ion receives a s!are o" "ederal reven%es e0%al to t!e s!are o" t!e total 'o'%lation o" 3itra&a residin# in t!at re#ion as s!o n b, a ,earl, 'o'%lation s%rve,. Last ,ear t!e 'ercenta#e o" "ederal reven%es Morva received "or its s!are decreased so&e !at even t!o%#! t!e 'o'%lation s%rve, on !ic! t!e reven%e8s!arin# as based s!o ed t!at Morvas 'o'%lation !ad increased. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also !ave been s!o n b, t!e 'o'%lation s%rve, on !ic! last ,ears reven%e8s!arin# in 3itra&a as based.A/ 7" t!e t!ree re#ions9 Morva !ad t!e s&allest n%&ber o" residents. .1/ T!e 'o'%lation o" Morva #re b, a s&aller 'ercenta#e t!an it did in 'revio%s ,ears. .C/ T!e 'o'%lations o" Mitro and G%adar eac! increased b, a 'ercenta#e t!at e(ceeded t!e 'ercenta#e b, !ic! t!e 'o'%lation o" Morva increased. .3/ 7" t!e t!ree re#ions9 Morvas n%&erical increase in 'o'%lation as t!e s&allest. .E/ Morvas 'o'%lation #re b, a s&aller 'ercenta#e t!an did t!e 'o'%lation o" at least one o" t!e ot!er t o a%tono&o%s re#ions. 5@. 1, e(a&inin# "ossili)ed beetles a researc! tea& !as 'rod%ced t!e &ost detailed descri'tion o" te&'erat%res in 1ritain over t!e 'ast 559III ,ears. $ossils o" s'ecies t!at still e(ist ere selected and dated. 6!en individ%als o" several s'ecies "o%nd in t!e sa&e 'lace ere "o%nd to date to t!e sa&e 'eriod9 t!e kno n te&'erat%re tolerances o" t!e e(istin# beetle s'ecies ere %sed to deter&ine t!e &a(i&%& s%&&er te&'erat%re t!at co%ld !ave e(isted at t!at 'lace and 'eriod. T!e 'roced%re o" t!e researc!ers ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 1eetles can tolerate ar& eat!er better t!an cold eat!er. .1/ $ossils o" di""erent s'ecies "o%nd in t!e sa&e 'lace belon#ed to di""erent 'eriods. .C/ T!e 'rocess o" datin# is &ore acc%rate "or beetles t!an "or ot!er or#anis&s. .3/ T!e !i#!est act%al s%&&er te&'erat%re at a 'lace and 'eriod e0%aled t!e avera#e o" t!e !i#!est te&'erat%res t!at co%ld !ave been tolerated b, eac! o" t!e beetle s'ecies "o%nd t!ere and dated to t!at 'eriod. .E/ T!e te&'erat%re tolerances o" t!e beetle s'ecies did not c!an#e si#ni"icantl, d%rin# t!e 559III8,ear 'eriod.

TEST 23
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

statements or passages...

GH5

1.

3irector o" Ace Man%"act%rin# Co&'an,: 7%r &an%"act%rin# cons%ltant 'ro'oses t!at e reassi#n sta"" so t!at all e&'lo,ees are doin# bot! !at t!e, like to do and !at t!e, do ell. T!is9 s!e sa,s9 ill >increase 'rod%ctivit, b, "%ll, e('loitin# o%r available reso%rces.? 1%t Ace Man%"act%rin# !as a lon#8standin# co&&it&ent not to e('loit its orkers. T!ere"ore9 i&'le&entin# !er reco&&endations o%ld ca%se %s to violate o%r o n 'olic,. T!e directors ar#%&ent "or re+ectin# t!e &ana#e&ent cons%ltants 'ro'osal is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ "ailin# to distin#%is! t o distinct senses o" a ke, ter& .1/ atte&'tin# to de"end an action on t!e #ro%nd t!at it is "re0%entl, carried o%t .C/ de"inin# a ter& b, 'ointin# to an at,'ical e(a&'le o" so&et!in# to !ic! t!e ter& a''lies .3/ dra in# a concl%sion t!at si&'l, restates one o" t!e 're&ises o" t!e ar#%&ent .E/ callin# so&et!in# b, a less o""ensive ter& t!an t!e ter& t!at is %s%all, %sed to na&e t!at t!in#

5.

A lar#e n%&ber o" drivers ro%tinel, violate !i#! a, s'eed li&its. Since drivin# at s'eeds t!at e(ceed 'osted li&its is a si#ni"icant "actor in &ost accidents9 installin# devices in all cars t!at 'revent t!ose cars "ro& travelin# "aster t!an t!e s'eed li&it o%ld 'revent &ost accidents. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ A 'erson need not be a trained &ec!anic to install t!e device 'ro'erl,. .1/ Most accidents are ca%sed b, ine('erienced drivers. .C/ A driver seldo& needs to e(ceed t!e s'eed li&it to avoid an accident !en none o" t!e ot!er drivers involved are violatin# t!e s'eed li&it. .3/ Most drivers !o e(ceed t!e s'eed li&it do so %nintentionall,. .E/ Even i" t!e "ines "or s'eed8li&it violations ere increased9 t!e n%&ber o" s%c! violations o%ld still not be red%ced.

<.

In a recession9 a decrease in cons%&er s'endin# ca%ses &an, b%sinesses to la, o"" orkers or even to close. 6orkers !o lose t!eir +obs in a recession %s%all, cannot "ind ne +obs. T!e res%lt is an increase in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o are +obless. Recover, "ro& a recession is de"ined b, an increase in cons%&er s'endin# and an e('ansion o" b%siness activit, t!at creates a need "or additional orkers9 b%t b%siness'eo'le #enerall, !ave little con"idence in t!e econo&, a"ter a recession and t!ere"ore dela, !irin# additional orkers as lon# as 'ossible. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 'rovide &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ Recessions are %s%all, ca%sed b, a decrease in b%siness 'eo'les con"idence http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GH<

in t!e econo&,. .1/ Govern&ental intervention is re0%ired in order "or an econo&, to recover "ro& a recession. .C/ E&'lo,ees o" b%sinesses t!at close d%rin# a recession &ake %' t!e &a+orit, o" t!e orkers !o lose t!eir +obs d%rin# t!at recession. .3/ So&eti&es recover, "ro& a recession does not 'ro&'tl, res%lt in a decrease in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le !o are +obless. .E/ 6orkers !o lose t!eir +obs d%rin# a recession are likel, to #et e0%all, #ood +obs !en t!e econo&, recovers. C. Scientists anal,)in# air b%bbles t!at !ad been tra''ed in Antarctic ice d%rin# t!e Eart!s last ice a#e "o%nd t!at t!e ice8a#e at&os'!ere !ad contained %n%s%all, lar#e a&o%nts o" "erro%s &aterial and s%r'risin#l, s&all a&o%nts o" carbon dio(ide. 7ne scientist noted t!at al#ae absorb carbon dio(ide "ro& t!e at&os'!ere. T!e scientist !,'ot!esi)ed t!at t!e "erro%s &aterial9 !ic! as contained in at&os'!eric d%st9 !ad 'ro&oted a #reat increase in t!e 'o'%lation o" Antarctica al#ae s%c! as diato&s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, %nder&ine t!e scientists !,'ot!esis.A/ 3iato&s are a &icrosco'ic "or& o" al#ae t!at !as re&ained lar#el, %nc!an#ed since t!e last ice a#e. .1/ Co&'%ter &odels s%##est t!at a lar#e increase in "erro%s &aterial toda, co%ld #reatl, 'ro&ote t!e #ro t! o" oceanic al#ae. .C/ T!e d%st "o%nd in t!e air b%bbles tra''ed in Antarctica ice contained ot!er &inerals in addition to t!e "erro%s &aterial. .3/ Sedi&ent "ro& t!e ocean "loor near Antarctica re"lects no increase9 d%rin# t!e last ice a#e9 in t!e rate at !ic! t!e s!ells t!at diato&s leave !en t!e, die acc%&%lated. .E/ Al#ae t!at c%rrentl, #ro in t!e oceans near Antarctica do not a''ear to be !ar&ed b, even a lar#e increase in e('os%re to "erro%s &aterial. @. Ad%lts !o ork o%tside t!e !o&e s'end9 on avera#e9 1II &in%tes less ti&e eac! eek in 're'arin# dinner t!an ad%lts !o do not ork o%tside t!e !o&e. 1%t9 contrar, to e('ectation9 co&'arison s!o t!at t!e dinners eaten at !o&e b, t!e t o #ro%'s o" ad%lts do not di""er si#ni"icantl, it! res'ect to n%tritional val%e9 variet, o" &en%s9 or n%&ber o" co%rses. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e "at content o" t!e dinners eaten at !o&e b, ad%lts !o do not ork o%tside t!e !o&e is 5@ 'ercent !i#!er t!an national #%idelines reco&&end. .1/ Ad%lts !o do not ork t!e !o&e tend to 're'are break"ast &ore o"ten t!an ad%lts !o ork o%tside t!e !o&e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GHC

.C/ Ad%lts !o ork o%tside t!e !o&e s'end 5 !o%rs less ti&e 'er da, on all !o%se!old res'onsibilities9 incl%din# dinner 're'aration9 t!an do ad%lts !o do not ork o%tside t!e !o&e. .3/ Ad%lts !o ork o%tside t!e !o&e eat dinner at !o&e 5I 'ercent less o"ten t!an do ad%lts !o do not ork o%tside t!e !o&e. .E/ Ad%lts !o ork o%tside t!e !o&e are less likel, to 'lan dinner &en%s ell in advance t!an are ad%lts !o do not ork o%tside t!e !o&e. G. Le#islator: *o%r a#enc, is res'onsible "or re#%latin# an ind%str, s!aken b, severe scandals. *o% ere #iven "%nds to !ire @II investi#ators to e(a&ine t!e scandals9 b%t ,o% !ired no &ore t!an CII. I a& "orced to concl%de t!at ,o% '%r'osel, li&ited !irin# in an atte&'t to 'revent t!e "%ll e(tent o" t!e scandals "ro& bein# revealed. Re#%lator: 6e tried to !ire t!e @II investi#ators b%t t!e startin# salaries "or t!ese 'ositions !ad been "ro)en so lo b, t!e le#islat%re t!at it as i&'ossible to attract eno%#! 0%ali"ied a''licants. T!e re#%lator res'onds to t!e le#islators criticis& b, .A/ s!i"tin# t!e bla&e "or t!e scandals to t!e le#islat%re .1/ 'rovidin# in"or&ation t!at c!allen#es t!e concl%sion dra n b, le#islator .C/ clai&in# t!at co&'liance it! t!e le#islat%res &andate o%ld !ave been an ins%""icient res'onse .3/ re'!rasin# t!e le#islators concl%sion in ter&s &ore "avorable to t!e re#%lator .E/ s!o in# t!at t!e le#islators state&ents are sel" contradictor, A. A co&&onl, acce'ted &,t! is t!at le"t8!anded 'eo'le are &ore 'rone to ca%se accidents t!an are ri#!t8!anded 'eo'le. 1%t t!is is9 in "act9 +%st a &,t!9 as is indicated b, t!e "act t!at &ore !o%se!old accidents are ca%sed b, ri#!t8!anded 'eo'le t!an ca%sed b, le"t8!anded 'eo'le. T!e reasonin# is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ &akes a distinction !ere t!ere is no real di""erence bet een t!e t!in#s distin#%is!ed .1/ takes no acco%nt o" t!e relative "re0%enc, o" le"t8!anded 'eo'le in t!e 'o'%lation as a !ole .C/ %ses t!e ord >accidents? in t o di""erent senses .3/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at so&e !o%se!old accidents are ca%sed b, &ore t!an one 'erson .E/ #ives !oll, irrelevant evidence and si&'l, dis'ara#e an o''osin# 'osition b, callin# it a >&,t!? Questions 8-9 7rnit!olo#ist: t!e c%rvat%re o" t!e cla s o" t!e &odern tree8d ellin# birds enables http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GH@

t!e& to 'erc! in trees. T!e cla s o" Arc!eo'ter,(9 t!e earliest kno n birdlike creat%re9 s!o si&ilar c%rvat%re t!at &%st !ave enabled t!e creat%re to 'erc! on tree li&bs. T!ere"ore9 Arc!eo'ter,( as 'robabl, a tree8d ellin# creat%re. Faleontolo#ist: 2o9 t!e abilit, to 'erc! in trees is not #ood evidence t!at Arc!eo'ter,( as a tree8d ellin# bird. C!ickens also s'end ti&e 'erc!ed in trees9 ,et c!ickens are 'ri&aril, #ro%nd8d ellin#. B. In res'ondin# to t!e ornit!olo#ists !,'ot!esis t!at Arc!eo'ter,( as tree8 d ellin#9 t!e 'aleontolo#ist .A/ 0%estions t!e 0%ali"ications o" t!e ornit!olo#ist to eval%ate t!e evidence .1/ denies t!e tr%t! o" t!e clai&s t!e ornit!olo#ist &akes in s%''ort o" t!e !,'ot!esis .C/ %ses a 'arallel case to ill%strate a eakness in t!e ornit!olo#ists ar#%&ent .3/ s!o s t!at t!e !,'ot!esis contradicts one o" t!e 'ieces o" evidence %sed to s%''ort it .E/ 'rovides additional evidence to s%''ort t!e ornit!olo#ists ar#%&ent H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ornit!olo#ists reasonin# de'ends.A/ Modern tree8d ellin# birds are t!e direct descendants o" Arc!eo'ter,(. .1/ Arc!eo'ter,( &ade %se o" t!e c%rvat%re o" its cla s. .C/ T!ere !ave never been tree8d ellin# birds it!o%t c%rved cla s. .3/ Arc!eo'ter,( as in "act t!e earliest birdlike creat%re. .E/ T!e c%rvat%re o" t!e cla s is t!e onl, available evidence "or t!e clai& t!at Arc!eo'ter,( as tree8d ellin#. 1I. T!ere are r%&ors t!at t!e Fre&ier ill res!%""le t!e cabinet t!is eek. :o ever9 ever, 'revio%s res!%""le t!at t!e Fre&ier !as &ade as 'receded b, &eetin#s bet een t!e Fre&ier and senior cabinet &e&bers. 2o s%c! &eetin#s !ave occ%rred or are 'lanned. T!ere"ore t!e r%&ors are &ost likel, "alse. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses a 'rinci'le o" reasonin# e&'lo,ed b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 6!en a concl%sion "ollo s lo#icall, "ro& a set to 're&ises9 t!e 'robabilit, t!at t!e concl%sion is tr%e cannot be an, less t!e 'robabilit, t!at t!e 're&ises are all tr%e. .1/ A !,'ot!esis is %nder&ined !en a state o" a""airs does not obtain t!at o%ld be e('ected to obtain i" t!e !,'ot!esis ere tr%e. .C/ It is 'ossible "or a !,'ot!esis to be "alse even t!o%#! it is s%''orted b, all t!e available data. .3/ Even i" in t!e 'ast a '!eno&enon as ca%sed b, 'artic%lar circ%&stance9 it is erroneo%s to ass%&e t!at t!e '!eno&enon ill rec%r onl, %nder t!e circ%&stances in !ic! it 'revio%sl, occ%rred. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GHG

.E/ I" t o state&ents are kno n to be inconsistent it! eac! ot!er and i" one o" t!e state&ent s is kno n to be "alse9 it cannot be ded%ced "ro& t!ese kno n "acts t!at t!e ot!er state&ent is tr%e. Questions 11-1! Carl: Researc!ers !o 'er"or& o'erations on ani&als "or e('eri&ental '%r'oses are le#all, re0%ired to co&'lete detailed 'ain 'rotocols indicatin# !et!er t!e ani&als ill be at risk o" 'ain and9 i" so9 !at ste' ill be taken to &ini&i)e or alleviate it. *et !en !%&an bein#s %nder#o o'erations9 s%c! 'rotocols are never re0%ired. I" la &akers ere as concerned abo%t !%&an bein#s as t!e, see& to be abo%t ani&als9 t!ere o%ld be 'ain 'rotocols "or !%&an bein#s. 3ebbie: 1%t consider t!is: a 'erson "or !o& a doctor ants to sc!ed%le s%r#er, can si&'l, be told !at 'ain to e('ect and can t!en decide !et!er or not to %nder#o t!e o'eration. So ,o% see9 'ain 'rotocols are %nnecessar, "or !%&an bein#s. 11. 3ebbie atte&'ts to co%nter Carls ar#%&ent b, .A/ s!o in# t!at one o" t!e clai&s on !ic! Carl bases !is concl%sion is inacc%rate .1/ 'ointin# o%t a relevant di""erence to %nder&ine an analo#, on !ic! Carl bases !is concl%sion .C/ clai&in# t!at Carls ar#%&ent s!o%ld be re+ected beca%se it is based on an a''eal to senti&entalit, rat!er t!an on reasoned 'rinci'les .3/ dra in# an analo#, t!at ill%strates a &a+or "la in Carls ar#%&ent .E/ o""erin# a s'eci"ic e(a&'le to de&onstrate t!at Carls ar#%&ent is based on a clai& t!at can be neit!er con"ir&ed nor dis'roved 15. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent &ade b, 3ebbie in res'onse to Carls ar#%&ent.A/ 2ot all o'erations t!at are 'er"or&ed on !%&an bein#s are 'ain"%l. .1/ So&e e('eri&entation t!at is no done in ani&als need not be done at all. .C/ Fre'arin# 'ain 'rotocols is not a ti&e8cons%&in# or costl, 'roced%re. .3/ So&e s%r#ical o'erations 'er"or&ed on in"ants are 'ain"%l. .E/ =nalleviated 'ain a"ter an o'eration tends to dela, t!e !ealin# 'rocess. 1<. A co&'an, it! lon#8o%tstandin# bills o ed b, its c%sto&ers can assi#n t!ose bills to a collection a#enc, t!at 'a,s t!e co&'an, a "raction o" t!eir a&o%nt and t!en tries to collect 'a,&ent "ro& t!e c%sto&ers. Since t!ese a#encies 'a, co&'anies onl, 1@ 'ercent o" t!e total a&o%nt o" t!e o%tstandin# bills9 a co&'an, interested in red%cin# losses "ro& lon#8o%tstandin# bills o%ld be ell advised to '%rs%e its debtors on its o n. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ a co&'an, t!at '%rs%es its debtors on its o n t,'icall, collects &ore t!an 1@ http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GHA

'ercent o" total a&o%nt o" t!e lon#8o%tstandin# bills t!at it is o ed .1/ t!e cost to a co&'an, o" '%rs%in# its debtors on its o n "or 'a,&ent o" lon#8 o%tstandin# bills does not e(ceed 1@ 'ercent o" t!e total a&o%nt o" t!ose bills .C/ collection a#encies t!at are assi#ned bills "or collection b, co&'anies are %ns%ccess"%l in collectin#9 on avera#e9 onl, 1@ 'ercent o" t!e total a&o%nt o" t!ose bills .3/ at least 1@ 'ercent o" t!e c%sto&ers t!at o e &one, to co&'anies event%all, 'a, t!eir bills !et!er or not t!ose bills are assi#ned to a collection a#enc, .E/ %nless &ost o" t!e c%sto&ers o" a co&'an, 'a, t!eir bills9 t!at co&'an, in t!e lon# r%n ill not be 'ro"itable 1C. :erbalist: Man, o" c%sto&ers "ind t!at t!eir '!,sical coordination i&'roves a"ter drinkin# +%ice containin# certain !erbs. A "e doctors assert t!at t!e !erbs are 'otentiall, !ar&"%l9 b%t doctors are al a,s tr,in# to &aintain a &ono'ol, over &edical t!era'ies. So t!ere is no reason not to tr, &, !erb +%ice. T!e reasonin# in t!e !erbalists ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ atte&'ts to "orce acce'tance o" a clai& b, ind%cin# "ear o" t!e conse0%ences o" re+ectin# t!at clai& .1/ bases a concl%sion on clai&s t!at are inconsistent it! eac! ot!er .C/ re+ects a clai& b, attackin# t!e 'ro'onents o" t!e clai& rat!er t!an addressin# t!e clai& itsel" .3/ relies on evidence 'resented in ter&s t!at 'res%''ose t!e tr%t! i" t!e clai& "or !ic! t!e evidence is o""ered .E/ &istakes t!e observation t!at one t!in# !a''ens a"ter anot!er "or 'roo" t!at t!e second t!in# is t!e res%lt o" t!e "irst 1@. 1eca%se o" t!e l%crative b%t ille#al trade in r!inoceros !orns9 a certain r!inoceros s'ecies !as been !%nted nearl, to e(tinction. T!ere"ore an e""ective a, to ens%re t!e s%rvival o" t!at s'ecies o%ld be to 'eriodicall, tri& o"" t!e !orns o" all r!inoceroses9 t!ereb, eli&inatin# t!e &otivation "or 'oac!in#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion re0%ired b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Most 'oac!ers !o are disco%ra#ed "ro& !%ntin# r!inoceroses are not likel, to !%nt ot!er ani&als "or t!eir !orns. .1/ At lease so&e r!inoceroses !ose !orns are 'eriodicall, tri&&ed o"" ill be able to attract &ates. .C/ Foac!ers !%nt at lease so&e i&&at%re r!inoceroses !ose !orns !ave not ,et started to develo'. .3/ T!e de&and "or r!inoceros !orns ill re&ain constant even i" t!e s%''l, decreases a"ter t!e 'eriodical tri&&in#8o"" o" t!e r!inoceros !orns !as be#%n.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GHB

.E/ R!inoceroses !ose !orns !ave been tri&&ed o"" are %nable to de"end t!e&selves a#ainst 'redators. 1G. Motorcoac! driver: Fro"essional drivers s'end &%c! &ore ti&e drivin#9 on avera#e9 t!an do ot!er 'eo'le and !ence are &ore co&'etent drivers t!an are ot!er9 less e('erienced drivers. T!ere"ore9 t!e s'eed li&it on &a+or !i#! a,s s!o%ld not be red%ced9 beca%se t!at action o%ld !ave t!e %ndesirable e""ect o" "orcin# so&e 'eo'le !o are no bot! la 8abidin# and co&'etent drivers to break t!e la . Folice o""icer: All drivers can drive it!in t!e le#al s'eed li&it i" t!e, is!9 so it is not tr%e to sa, t!at red%cin# t!e s'eed li&it o%ld be t!e ca%se o" s%c! ille#al be!avior. T!e 'oint at iss%e bet een t!e &otorcoac! driver and 'olice o""icer is !et!er .A/ it o%ld be desirable to red%ce t!e s'eed li&it on &a+or !i#! a, .1/ 'ro"essional drivers ill drive it!in t!e le#al s'eed li&it i" t!at li&it is red%ced .C/ red%cin# t!e s'eed li&it on &a+or !i#! a,s o%ld ca%se so&e 'ro"essional drivers to break t!e la .3/ 'ro"essional drivers are &ore co&'etent drivers t!an are ot!er less e('erienced drivers .E/ all drivers is! to drive it!in t!e s'eed li&it 1A. Feo'le cannot devote t!e&selves to t!e st%d, o" nat%ral 'rocesses %nless t!e, !ave leis%re9 and 'eo'le !ave leis%re !en reso%rces are 'lenti"%l9 not !en reso%rces are scarce. Alt!o%#! so&e ant!ro'olo#ists clai& t!at a#ric%lt%re9 t!e c%ltivation o" cro's9 act%all, be#an %nder conditions o" dro%#!t and !%n#er9 t!e earl, societies t!at do&esticated 'lants &%st "irst !ave discovered !o t!e 'lants t!e, c%ltivated re'rod%ced t!e&selves and #re to &at%rit,. T!ese co&'le( discoveries ere t!e res%lt o" t!e active st%d, o" nat%ral 'rocesses. T!e ar#%&ent is str%ct%red to lead to t!e concl%sion t!at .A/ !enever a societ, !as 'lenti"%l reso%rces9 so&e &e&bers o" t!at societ, devote t!e&selves to t!e st%d, o" nat%ral 'rocesses .1/ 'lants cannot be c%ltivated b, so&eone lackin# t!eoretical kno led#e o" t!e 'rinci'les o" 'lant #eneration and #re .C/ a#ric%lt%re "irst be#an in societies t!at at so&e ti&e in t!eir !istor, !ad 'lenti"%l reso%rces .3/ earl, a#ric%lt%ral societies kne &ore abo%t t!e nat%ral sciences t!an did earl, nona#ric%lt%ral societies .E/ earl, societies co%ld !ave discovered b, accident !o t!e 'lants t!e, c%ltivated re'rod%ced and #re 1B. In t!e 'ast decade9 a decreasin# 'ercenta#e o" &one, s'ent on treatin# disease E

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

GHH

ent to 'a, "or standard &et!ods o" treat&ent9 !ic! are kno n to be e""ective t!o%#! t!e, are e('ensive and 'ain"%l. An increasin# 'ercenta#e is bein# s'ent on nonstandard treat&ents9 !ic! ca%se little disco&"ort. =n"ort%natel,9 t!e nonstandard treat&ents !ave 'roved to be ine""ective. 7bvio%sl,9 less &one, is bein# s'ent on e""ective treat&ents o" disease E t!an as s'ent ten ,ears a#o. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" ass%&ed9 allo s t!e concl%sion above to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ 4arieties o" disease E re0%irin# e('ensive s'ecial treat&ent !ave beco&e less co&&on d%rin# t!e 'ast decade. .1/ 2onstandard &et!ods o" treatin# disease E are &ore e('ensive no t!an t!e, ere a decade a#o. .C/ 7" total &edical e('endit%res9 t!e 'ercenta#e t!at is d%e to treat&ent o" disease E increased d%rin# t!e 'ast decade. .3/ Most o" t!e &one, s'ent on treatin# disease E d%rin# t!e last decade ent to 'a, "or nonstandard treat&ents. .E/ T!e total a&o%nt o" &one, s'ent on treatin# disease E slo l, declined d%rin# t!e 'ast decade. 1H. 6!en an ordinar, 'iece o" steel is '%t %nder 'ress%re9 t!e steel co&'resses: t!at is9 its vol%&e sli#!tl, decreases. Glass9 !o ever9 is a "l%id9 so rat!er t!an co&'ressin#9 it "lo s !en '%t %nder 'ress%reD its vol%&e re&ains %nc!an#ed. An, 'ortion o" a s!eet o" #lass t!at is %nder s%stained 'ress%re ill ver, slo l, "lo to areas %nder less 'ress%re. T!ere"ore9 i" a sin#le9 e(tre&el, !eav, ob+ect is 'laced in t!e &iddle o" a !ori)ontal s!eet o" #lass o" %ni"or& t!ickness and i" t!e #lass is able to s%''ort t!e ei#!t it!o%t crackin#9 t!e s!eet o" #lass ill event%all,;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost lo#icall, co&'letes t!e ar#%&ent.A/ beco&e lar#er in si)e ,et still be o" %ni"or& t!ickness .1/ "lo to ard t!e 'oint at !ic! t!e 'ress%re o" t!e ob+ect is #reatest .C/ co&'ress9 alt!o%#! not as &%c! as a 'iece o" steel o%ld .3/ divide into e(actl, t o 'ieces t!at are e0%al in neit!er si)e nor s!a'e to t!e ori#inal 'iece o" #lass .E/ be t!inner in t!e 'ortion o" t!e #lass t!at is %nder t!e 'ress%re o" t!e ob+ect t!an in t!ose 'ortions o" t!e #lass t!at are not %nder t!at 'ress%re 5I. An,one !o insists t!at &%sic videos are an art "or& s!o%ld also a#ree t!at television #ave rise to an art "or&9 since television #ave rise to &%sic videos. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# dis'la,ed in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at dis'la,ed in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ An,one !o clai&s t!at all ve#etables are n%tritio%s s!o%ld also a#ree t!at so&e ve#etables are !ar&"%l i" eaten in lar#e 0%antities. .1/ An,one !o !olds t!at avocados are a "r%it s!o%ld also !old t!at 'o%nd cake http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AII

is lo er in "at t!an so&e "r%it9 since 'o%nd cake is lo er in "at t!an avocados. .C/ An,one !o dislikes to&atoes s!o%ld also a#ree t!at so&e 'eo'le do like to&atoes9 i" t!at 'erson a#rees t!at no taste is %niversal. .3/ A 'erson !o eats a variet, i" ve#etables is 'robabl, ell no%ris!ed9 since &ost 'eo'le !o eat a variet, o" ve#etables #enerall, eat ell8balanced &eals. .E/ A 'erson !o clai&s to 're"er "r%it to ve#etables s!o%ld also 're"er cake to bread9 since "r%it is s eeter t!an bread. 51. Medieval Arabs !ad &an%scri'ts o" &an, ancient Greek te(ts9 !ic! ere translated into Arabic !en t!ere as a de&and "or t!e&. Medieval Arab '!iloso'!ers ere ver, interested in Aristotles 8oeti$s9 an interest t!at evidentl, as not s!ared b, Medieval Arab 'oets9 beca%se a 'oet interested in t!e 8oeti$s o%ld certainl, !ave anted to read :o&er9 to !ose e'ics Aristotle "re0%entl, re"ers. 1%t :o&er as not translated into Arabic %ntil &odern ti&es. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ A n%&ber o" &edieval Arab translators 'ossessed &an%scri'ts o" t!e :o&eric e'ics in t!eir ori#inal Greek. .1/ Medieval Arabic stor, c,cles9 s%c! as t!e Arabian 2i#!ts9 are in so&e a,s si&ilar to 'arts o" t!e :o&eric e'ics. .C/ In addition to translatin# "ro& Greek9 &edieval Arab translators 'rod%ced Arabic editions o" &an, orks ori#inall, ritten in Indian lan#%a#es and in Fersian. .3/ Aristotles 8oeti$s !as "re0%entl, been cited and co&&ented on b, &odern Arab 'oets. .E/ Aristotles 8oeti$s is lar#el, concerned it! dra&a9 and dra&atic orks ere ritten and 'er"or&ed b, &edieval Arabs. 55. Con#enial #%ests and 'lenti"%l s%''l, o" #ood t!in#s to eat and drink ill ens%re a s%ccess"%l dinner 'art,. Since S,lvia !as 're'ared &ore t!an eno%#! to eat and drink and !er #%ests are all con#enial 'eo'le9 !er dinner 'art, is certain to be a s%ccess. T!e 'attern o" "la ed reasonin# e(!ibited b, t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at e(!ibited b, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e ri#!t in#redients9 'ro'erl, co&bined and baked in a reliable oven ill al a,s 'rod%ce a ell8baked cake. Since E&il, !as 'ro'erl, co&bined t!e ri#!t in#redients9 !er cake is certain to co&e o%t ell i" s!e bakes it in a reliable oven. .1/ I" corn is baked it! its !%sks on9 t!e res%ltin# dis! ill al a,s be &oist and s eet. Since Geor#e is!es to ens%re t!at t!e corn !e 'lans to serve is &oist9 !e ill be certain bot! to bake it and to leave its !%sks on. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AI1

.C/ Makin# 'ie do%#! %sin# ice ater and t!oro%#!l, c!illin# t!e do%#! be"ore rollin# it o%t ill ens%re a "lak, cr%st. Andre t!oro%#!l, c!illed !is 'ie do%#! be"ore rollin# it o%t9 so since !e %sed ice ater in &akin# it9 !is 'ie is certain to !ave a "lak, cr%st. .3/ I" so%' is &ade it! a ell8seasoned &eat stock and "res! in#redients9 it ill al a,s be elco&e at dinner. Since to !is &eat stock Arnold added onl, ver, "res! in#redients9 t!e res%ltin# so%' is certain to be elco&e at dinner. .E/ $res! #reens9 care"%ll, as!ed and served it! a li#!t dressin#9 al a,s 'rod%ce a re"res!in# salad. Since Tis!a !as develo'ed an e(ce'tionall, li#!t dressin# b%t never as!es !er "res! #reens9 no salad s!e serves ill be a re"res!in# one. 5<. A &%se%& directors9 in order to "inance e('ensive ne ac0%isitions9 discreetl, sold so&e 'aintin#s b, &a+or artists. All o" t!e& ere 'aintin#s t!at t!e director 'rivatel, considered in"erior. Critics ro%ndl, conde&ned t!e sale9 c!ar#in# t!at t!e &%se%& !ad lost "irst8rate 'ieces9 t!ereb, violatin# its d%t, as a tr%stee o" art "or "%t%re #enerations. A "e &ont!s a"ter bein# sold b, t!e &%se%&9 t!ose 'aintin#s ere resold9 in an ot!er ise sta#nant art &arket9 at t o to t!ree ti&es t!e 'rices 'aid to t!e &%se%&. Clearl,9 t!ese 'rices settle t!e iss%e9 since t!e, de&onstrate t!e correctness o" t!e critics eval%ation. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is v%lnerable to t!e criticis& t!at t!e ar#%&ent does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ It concl%des t!at a certain o'inion is correct on t!e #ro%nds t!at it is !eld b, &ore 'eo'le t!an !old t!e o''osin# vie s. .1/ It re+ects t!e +%d#&ent o" t!e e('erts in an area in !ic! t!ere is no better #%ide to t!e tr%t! t!an e('ert +%d#&ent. .C/ It re+ects a 'roven &eans o" acco&'lis!in# an ob+ective it!o%t o""erin# an, alternative &eans o" acco&'lis!in# t!at ob+ective. .3/ It bases a "ir& concl%sion abo%t a state o" a""airs in t!e 'resent on so&e !at s'ec%lative clai&s abo%t a "%t%re state o" a""airs. .E/ It bases its concl%sion on "acts t!at co%ld9 in t!e #iven sit%ation9 !ave res%lted "ro& ca%ses ot!er t!an t!ose 'res%''osed b, t!e ar#%&ent. 5C. T!e =nited States ranks "ar be!ind co%ntries s%c! as S eden and Canada !en it co&es to ork'lace sa"et,. In all t!ree co%ntries9 +oint labor8&ana#e&ent co&&ittees t!at oversee ork'lace sa"et, conditions !ave been ver, s%ccess"%l in red%cin# occ%'ational in+%ries. In t!e =nited States9 s%c! co&&ittees are "o%nd onl, in t!e "e co&'anies t!at !ave vol%ntaril, establis!ed t!e&. :o ever9 in S eden and several Canadian 'rovinces9 +oint sa"et, co&&ittees are re0%ired b, la and e(ist in all &edi%&8si)ed and lar#e ork'laces. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e establis!&ent o" +oint sa"et, co&&ittees in all &edi%&8si)ed and lar#e ork'laces in t!e =nited States o%ld res%lt in red%ction o" occ%'ational http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AI5

in+%ries. .1/ A +oint sa"et, co&&ittee t!at is re0%ired b, la is &ore e""ective at red%cin# occ%'ational in+%ries t!an is a +oint sa"et, co&&ittee t!at is vol%ntaril, establis!ed. .C/ 6ork'lace in S eden and Canada as s%'erior to t!at in t!e =nited States even 'rior to t!e 'assa#e o" la s re0%irin# +oint sa"et, co&&ittees in all &edi%&8si)ed and lar#e ork'laces. .3/ Joint sa"et, co&&ittees !ad been vol%ntaril, establis!ed in &ost &edi%&8 si)ed and lar#e ork'laces in S eden and several Canadian 'rovinces 'rior to t!e 'assa#e o" la s re0%irin# s%c! co&&ittees. .E/ T!e =nited States o%ld s%r'ass S eden and Canada in ork'lace sa"et, i" +oint sa"et, co&&ittees ere re0%ired in all &edi%&8si)ed and lar#e ork'laces in t!e =nited States. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!ree8,ear8old Sara and !er 'la,&ate Mic!ael are bot! ill and !ave t!e sa&e s,&'to&s. Since t!e, 'la, to#et!er ever, a"ternoon9 Sara 'robabl, !as t!e sa&e illness as Mic!ael does. Since Mic!ael de"initel, does not !ave a stre'tococcal in"ection9 des'ite !is !avin# so&e s,&'to&s o" one9 t!e illness t!at Sara !as is de"initel, not a stre'tococcal in"ection eit!er. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ 'res%''ose !at it sets o%t to 'rove .1/ &istakes t!e ca%se o" a 'artic%lar '!eno&enon "or t!e e""ect o" t!at '!eno&enon .C/ "ails to distin#%is! bet een ac%te stre'tococcal in"ections on t!e one !and9 and less severe stre'tococcal in"ections on t!e ot!er .3/ treats evidence t!at t!e concl%sion is 'robabl, tr%e as i" t!at evidence establis!es t!e certaint, o" t!e concl%sion .E/ &akes a #eneral clai& based on 'artic%lar e(a&'les t!at do not ade0%atel, re'resent t!e res'ective #ro%'s t!at t!e, are eac! intended to re'resent

5.

La&bert: T!e 'ro'osal to raise #asoline ta(es to s%''ort &ass transit net orks is %n"air. 6!, s!o%ld drivers !o ill never %se train or b%s lines be "orced to 'a, "or t!e&Me)ia!: *o% !ave &is%nderstood. T!e #overn&ent !as al a,s s'ent "ar &ore9 'er %ser9 "ro& #eneral reven%e so%rces to "%nd !i#! a,s t!an to "%nd &ass transit. T!e additional reven%e "ro& t!e #asoline ta( ill si&'l, allo t!e #overn&ent to &ake its distrib%tion o" trans'ortation "%nds &ore e0%itable. Me)ia! %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies in re'l,in# to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AI<

La&bert.A/ elaboratin# t!e conte(t o" t!e iss%e in order to 'lace t!e 'ro'osal in a &ore "avorable li#!t .1/ a''ealin# t!e 'rinci'le t!at !at bene"its societ, as a !ole bene"its all individ%al it!in t!at societ, .C/ c!allen#in# t!e 'res%''osition t!at "airness is an a''ro'riate criterion on !ic! to +%d#e t!e &atter .3/ de&onstratin# t!at t!e 'ro'osed ta( increase ill not res%lt in increased e('enses "or drivers .E/ declinin# to ar#%e a 'oint it! so&eone !o is 'oorl, in"or&ed on t!e &atter %nder disc%ssion <. T!e n%&ber o" calories in a #ra& o" re"ined cane s%#ar is t!e sa&e as in an e0%al a&o%nt o" "r%ctose9 t!e nat%ral s%#ar "o%nd in "r%its and ve#etables. T!ere"ore9 a 'iece o" cand, &ade it! a #ive a&o%nt o" re"ined cane s%#ar is no !i#!er in calories t!an a 'ieced o" "r%it t!at contains an e0%al a&o%nt o" "r%ctose. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ents is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ "ails to consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at "r%it &i#!t contain noncaloric n%trients t!at cand, does not contain .1/ 'res%''oses t!at all cand, is &ade it! si&ilar a&o%nts o" s%#ar .C/ con"%ses one kind o" s%#ar it! anot!er .3/ 'res%''oses !at it sets o%t to establis!9 t!at "r%it does not di""er "ro& s%#ar8 based cand, in t!e n%&ber o" calories eac! contains .E/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at s%#ar &i#!t not be t!e onl, calorie8containin# in#redient in cand, or "r%it C. In order to increase 'rod%ction9 A1C Co&'an, s!o%ld i&'le&ent a "le(ti&e sc!ed%le9 !ic! o%ld allo individ%al e&'lo,ees so&e "le(ibilit, in decidin# !en to be#in and end t!eir orkda,. St%dies !ave s!o n t!at orkin# %nder "le(ti&e sc!ed%les is associated it! increased e&'lo,ee &orale. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ t!e e&'lo,ees !o 're"er a "le(ti&e sc!ed%le are t!e &ost 'rod%ctive e&'lo,ees at A1C Co&'an, .1/ an increase in t!e &orale o" A1C Co&'an,s e&'lo,ees co%ld lead to increased 'rod%ction .C/ "le(ti&e sc!ed%les tend to be associated it! red%ced lateness and absenteeis& .3/ e&'lo,ees are &ost 'rod%ctive d%rin# t!e 'art o" t!e da, !en all e&'lo,ees are 'resent .E/ co&'anies t!at are in co&'etition it! A1C Co&'an, also %se a "le(ti&e sc!ed%le http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AIC

@.

Attorne,s "or a cri&inal de"endant c!ar#ed t!at t!e #overn&ent9 in a cover8%'9 !ad destro,ed evidence t!at #overn&ent re'lied t!at t!ere is no evidence t!at o%ld even tend to s%''ort t!e de"endant in t!e case. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ost acc%rate eval%ation o" t!e #overn&ents re'l,.A/ It leaves o'en t!e 0%estion o" !et!er t!e #overn&ent !ad destro,ed s%c! evidence. .1/ It establis!es t!at t!e attorne,s c!ar#e is an e(a##eration. .C/ It s!o s t!at t!e attorne,s did not kno !et!er t!eir c!ar#e as tr%e. .3/ It de&onstrates t!e #overn&ents "ail%re to searc! "or evidence in its "iles. .E/ I" tr%e9 it e""ectivel, dis'roves t!e c!ar#e &ade on be!al" o" t!e de"endant.

G.

4ideocassette recorders .4CRs/ enable 'eo'le to atc! &ovies at !o&e on videota'e. Feo'le !o o n 4CRs #o to &ovie t!eaters &ore o"ten t!an do 'eo'le !o do not o n 4CRs. Contrar, to 'o'%lar belie"9 t!ere"ore9 o nin# a 4CR act%all, sti&%lates 'eo'le to #o to &ovie t!eaters &ore o"ten t!an t!e, ot!er ise o%ld. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it .A/ concl%des t!at a clai& &%st be "alse beca%se o" t!e &ere absence o" evidence in its "avor .1/ cites in s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion evidence t!at is inconsistent it! ot!er in"or&ation t!at is 'rovided .C/ "ails to establis! t!at t!e '!eno&ena inter'reted as ca%se and e""ect are not bot! direct e""ects o" so&e ot!er "actor .3/ takes a condition t!at b, itsel" #%arantees t!e occ%rrence o" a certain '!eno&enon to be a condition t!at t!ere"ore &%st be &et "or t!at '!eno&enon to occ%r .E/ bases a broad clai& abo%t t!e be!avior o" 'eo'le in #eneral on a co&'arison bet een t o #ro%'s o" 'eo'le t!at to#et!er incl%de onl, a s&all 'ro'ortion o" 'eo'le overall

A.

T!e c%&berso&e s'ears t!at ere t!e 'rinci'al ea'ons %sed b, certain tribes in t!e earl, 1ron)e A#e 'recl%ded ides'read cas%alties d%rin# intertribal con"licts. 1%t t!e co&'arativel, !i#! n%&ber o" arrior to&bs "o%nd in recent e(cavations o" t!e sa&e tribes late 1ron)e A#e settle&ents indicates t!at in t!e late 1ron)e A#e9 ars bet een t!ese tribes ere "re0%ent9 and t!e cas%alt, rate as !i#!. :ence so&e arc!aeolo#ists clai& t!at b, t!e late 1ron)e A#e9 t!ese tribes !ad develo'ed ne &et!ods o" ar"are desi#ned to in"lict &an, cas%alties. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost s%''orts t!e arc!aeolo#ists clai&.A/ A ro,al to&b datin# to t!e earl, 1ron)e A#e contained 'otter, de'ictin# battle scenes in !ic! arriors %se s'ears. .1/ T!ere is evidence t!at &an, b%ildin#s datin# to t!e late 1ron)e A#e ere http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AI@

b%ilt b, 'risoners o" ar taken in battles bet een ene&, tribes. .C/ Scenes o" violent ar"are9 'ainted in bri#!t !%es9 "re0%entl, a''ear on 'otter, t!at !as been "o%nd in so&e earl, 1ron)e A#e to&bs o" arriors. .3/ So&e to&bs o" arriors datin# to t!e late 1ron)e A#e contain ar&or and ea'ons t!at ant!ro'olo#ists believe ere tro'!ies taken "ro& ene&ies in battle. .E/ T!e &arks on t!e bones o" &an, o" t!e late 1ron)e A#e arriors !ose to&bs ere e(cavated are consistent it! t!e kind o" o%nds in"licted b, arro !eads also "o%nd in &an, late 1ron)e A#e settle&ents. B. 1ased on data collected "ro& 'olic,!olders9 li"e ins%rance co&'anies !ave develo'ed tables t!at list standard ei#!t ran#es "or vario%s !ei#!ts. Folic,!olders !ose ei#!t "ell it!in t!e ran#e #iven "or t!eir !ei#!t lived lon#er t!an t!ose !ose ei#!t "ell o%tside t!eir #iven ran#e. T!ere"ore9 i" 'eo'le !ose ei#!t "alls o%tside t!eir #iven ran#e &odi"ied t!eir ei#!t to "all it!in t!at ran#e9 t!eir overall li"e e('ectancies o%ld i&'rove. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent relies.A/ So&e 'eo'le o%ld be %n illin# to &odi", t!eir ei#!ts solel, to increase t!e #eneral 'o'%lations overall li"e e('ectancies. .1/ Li"e ins%rance co&'anies intended t!eir tables to #%ide individ%als in ad+%stin# t!eir ei#!ts in order to increase t!eir li"e s'ans. .C/ T!e tables incl%de data #at!ered "ro& 'olic,!olders !ose deat!s res%lted "ro& accidents in addition to t!ose !ose deat!s res%lted "ro& nat%ral ca%ses. .3/ :olders o" li"e ins%rance 'olicies do not !ave lon#er overall li"e e('ectancies t!an t!e #eneral 'o'%lation. .E/ Feo'les e""orts to &odi", t!eir ei#!t to con"or& to a #iven ran#e o%ld not da&a#e t!eir !ealt! eno%#! to decrease t!eir overall li"e e('ectancies. H. Meas%re&ents o" t!e &otion o" t!e 'lanet =ran%s see& to s!o =ran%s bein# t%##ed b, a "orce '%llin# it a a, "ro& t!e S%n and t!e inner 'lanets. 2e't%ne and Fl%to9 t!e t o kno n 'lanets !ose orbits are "art!er "ro& t!e S%n t!an is t!e orbit o" =ran%s9 do not !ave eno%#! &ass to e(ert t!e "orce t!at t!e &eas%re&ents indicate. T!ere"ore9 in addition to t!e kno n 'lanets9 t!ere &%st be at least one 'lanet in o%r solar s,ste& t!at e !ave ,et to discover. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Fl%to as not discovered %ntil 1H<I. .1/ T!ere is a belt o" co&ets be,ond t!e orbit o" Fl%to it! 'o er"%l #ravitational '%ll. .C/ 2eit!er 2e't%ne nor Fl%to is as &assive as =ran%s. .3/ T!e "orce t!e S%n e(erts on =ran%s is eaker t!an t!e "orce it e(erts on t!e inner 'lanets. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AIG

.E/ =ran%s orbit is closer to 2e't%nes orbit t!an it is to Fl%tos. 1I. A%diences "ind a s'eaker &ore convincin# i" t!e s'eaker be#ins a s'eec! b, ar#%in# brie"l, a#ainst !is or !er 'osition be"ore 'rovidin# reasons "or acce'tin# it. T!e reason t!is tec!ni0%e is so e""ective is t!at it &akes t!e s'eaker a''ear "air8&inded and tr%st ort!,. T!ere"ore9 candidates "or national 'olitical o""ice !o is! to be s%ccess"%l in innin# votes s!o%ld %se t!is ar#%&entative tec!ni0%e in t!e s'eec!es. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, li&its t!e e""ectiveness o" ado'tin# t!e ar#%&ents reco&&endation.A/ Folitical candidates t,'icall, !ave no control over !ic! e(cer'ts "ro& t!eir s'eec!es ill be re'orted b, t!e ne s &edia. .1/ Man, 'eo'le do not "ind ar#%&ents &ade b, 'oliticians convincin#9 since t!e ar#%&ents are o"ten one8sided or oversi&'li", t!e iss%es. .C/ Feo'le decide !ic! 'olitical candidate to vote "or &ore on t!e basis o" t!eir o'inions o" t!e candidates c!aracter t!an on t!e e(act 'ositions o" t!e candidate. .3/ Feo'le re#ard a 'olitical candidate &ore "avorabl, i" t!e, t!ink t!at t!e candidate res'ects an o''onents 'osition even !ile disa#reein# it! it. .E/ Folitical candidates !ave to address a%diences o" &an, di""erent si)es and at &an, di""erent locations in t!e co%rse o" a 'olitical ca&'ai#n. 11. $ive t!o%sand o" t!e @I9III books '%blis!ed in co%ntr, Q in 1HH1 ere novels. E(actl, 5@ o" t!e "il&s released in co%ntr, Q in 1HH5 ere based on t!ose novels. Since 1II "il&s ere released in co%ntr, Q in 1HH59 no &ore t!an one80%arter o" t!e& ere based on books '%blis!ed in co%ntr, Q in 1HH1. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" ass%&ed9 allo s t!e concl%sion above to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ 2one o" t!e scri'ts %sed in "il&s released in 1HH5 ere ritten b, 'ro"essional novelists. .1/ 2one o" t!e "il&s released in co%ntr, Q in 1HH5 ere based on books ot!er t!an novels. .C/ 2one o" t!e books t!at ere '%blis!ed in co%ntr, Q in 1HH5 ere based on 'lots o" "il&s released in 1HH1. .3/ So&e o" t!e "il&s released in co%ntr, Q in 1HH5 ere based on older "il&s t!at !ad been released "or t!e "irst ti&e &an, ,ears earlier. .E/ So&e o" t!e "il&s released in 1HH1 in co%ntr, Q ere based on novels t!at ere '%blis!ed in 1HH1. 15. 7n t!eir a, "ro& t!eir nest to a "ood so%rce9 ants o" &ost s'ecies leave a trail o" c!e&icals called '!ero&ones. T!e ants %se t!e scent o" t!e '!ero&ones to #%ide t!e&selves bet een t!e "ood and t!eir nest. All '!ero&ones eva'orate it!o%t a trace al&ost i&&ediatel, !en te&'erat%res rise above C@ de#rees Celsi%s .11< http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AIA

de#ree $a!ren!eit/9 as is t,'ical d%rin# a"ternoons in 'laces s%c! as t!e Sa!ara 3esert. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Most ants "ora#e "or "ood eit!er onl, in t!e &ornin# or onl, d%rin# t!e ni#!t. .1/ Most ants t!at do not %se '!ero&ones to &ark t!e 'at!s t!e, take bet een t!eir nest and "ood live in t!e Sa!ara 3esert. .C/ I" an, ants live in t!e Sa!ara 3esert and "ora#e "or "ood at no ti&e b%t in t!e a"ternoon9 t!ose ants #enerall, do not %se '!ero&ones to #%ide t!e&selves bet een "ood and t!eir nest. .3/ I" an, ants do not %se '!ero&ones to navi#ate bet een "ood and t!eir nest9 t!ose ants %se a di""erent s%bstance t!at does not eva'orate in te&'erat%res above C@ de#rees Celsi%s. .E/ I" an, Sa!aran ants "ora#e "or "ood in t!e a"ternoon9 t!ose ants "ora#e "or "ood less e""icientl, !en te&'erat%res are above C@ de#rees Celsi%s t!an t!e, do !en te&'erat%res are lo er. 1<. So&e 'eo'le t!ink t!at in ever, barrel o" 'oliticians t!ere are onl, a "e rotten ones. 1%t i" deceit is a 0%alit, o" rottenness9 I believe all e""ective 'oliticians are rotten. T!e, &%st be deceit"%l in order to do t!e +ob 'ro'erl,. So&eone !o is scr%'%lo%sl, !onest abo%t obe,in# t!e r%les o" societ, ill never be an e""ective 'olitician. Ass%&in# t!at t!e a%t!ors state&ents are acc%rate9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents CA227T be tr%e.A/ So&e 'eo'le t!ink all 'oliticians are rotten. .1/ So&e 'oliticians are scr%'%lo%sl, !onest. .C/ So&e 'eo'le de"ine a 'oliticians +ob as obe,in# t!e r%les o" societ,. .3/ So&e deceit"%l 'oliticians are ine""ective. .E/ So&e scr%'%lo%sl, !onest 'oliticians are e""ective. 1C. T!e 1iocarb Co&'an, ants to b%ild a sterili)ation 'lant to treat conta&inated &edical aste in a cit, nei#!bor!ood !ere residents and environ&ental activists "ear t!at s%c! a "acilit, ill 'oll%te t!e area. 1iocarbs 'resident ar#%es t!at t!e o'eration o" t!e 'lant cannot ca%se 'oll%tion beca%se t!e aste o%ld be sterile a"ter 'rocessin# b, t!e 'lant. :e clai&s t!at a"ter e('os%re "or an !o%r to s%'er!eated stea& in t!e a%toclave9 s%c! re"%se o%ld be "ar cleaner t!an "ood 're'ared in t!e cleanest kitc!en. T!e 'residents ar#%&ent de'ends on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Environ&ental activists believe t!at aste treated it! stea& ill not 'oll%te. .1/ :andin# o" t!e aste be"ore treat&ent in t!e 'ro'osed "acilit, ill not 'ose a t!reat o" 'oll%tion to t!e area.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AIB

.C/ $ear o" 'oll%tion is t!e onl, ar#%&ent a#ainst constr%ction o" an a%toclave "acilit, "or &edical aste. .3/ 2o ot!ers besides environ&ental activists are concerned abo%t 'oll%tion !a)ards t!at can res%lt "ro& 'rocessin# &edical aste. .E/ Treat&ent b, s%'er!eated stea& re'resents t!e s%rest &et!od o" sterili)ation. 1@. Gro 8A#ain oint&ent is a 'roven treat&ent "or reversin# &ale !ereditar, baldness. $ive dro's dail, is t!e reco&&ended dose9 and e(ceedin# t!is 0%antit, does not increase t!e 'rod%cts e""ectiveness. T!ere"ore9 o""erin# a &an%"act%rers rebate on t!e '%rc!ase 'rice o" Gro 8A#ain ill not increase sales and conse0%entl, o%ld be %n'ro"itable "or t!e &an%"act%rer. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 6!en %sin# an oint&ent9 'eo'le tend to believe t!at a''l,in# it in #reater 0%antities can &ake it &ore e""ective. .1/ Gro 8A#ain is &ore e""ective on so&e o" t!e &en !o %se it t!an it is on ot!ers. .C/ T!e rebate9 i" o""ered9 o%ld not attract '%rc!asers !o ot!er ise &i#!t not %se Gro 8A#ain. .3/ 1aldness in &en can be ca%sed b, a variet, o" "actors9 onl, one o" !ic! is !eredit,. .E/ Gro 8A#ain is a 'rod%ct !ose 'er8%nit &an%"act%rin# cost does not "all si#ni"icantl, !en t!e 'rod%ct is 'rod%ced in lar#e 0%antities. Questions 1&-1' :enr,: So&e scientists e('lain t!e dance o" !one,bees as t!e &eans b, !ic! !one,bees co&&%nicate t!e location o" !atever "ood so%rce t!e, !ave +%st visited to ot!er &e&bers o" t!e !ive. 1%t !one,bees do not need so co&'licated a &ec!anis& to co&&%nicate t!at in"or&ation. $ora#er !one,bees ret%rnin# to t!eir !ive si&'l, leave a scent trail "ro& t!e "ood so%rce t!e, !ave +%st visited. T!ere &%st t!ere"ore be so&e ot!er e('lanation "or t!e !one,bees dance. 6ini"red: 2ot necessaril,. Most ani&als !ave several a,s o" acco&'lis!in# critical tasks. 1ees o" so&e s'ecies can navi#ate %sin# eit!er t!e 'osition o" t!e S%n or t!e &e&or, o" land&arks. Si&ilarl,9 "or !one,bees9 scent trails are a s%''le&entar, not an e(cl%sive &eans o" co&&%nicatin#. 1G. T!e 'oint at iss%e bet een :enr, and 6ini"red is !et!er .A/ t!eories o" ani&al be!avior can be establis!ed on t!e basis o" evidence abo%t onl, one s'ecies o" ani&al .1/ t!ere is &ore t!an one valid e('lanation "or t!e dance o" !one,bees .C/ !one,bees co&&%nicate t!e location o" "ood so%rces t!ro%#! t!eir dance .3/ t!e !one,bee is t!e onl, s'ecies o" bee t!at is ca'able o" co&&%nicatin# navi#ational in"or&ation to ot!er !ive &e&bers http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AIH

.E/ t!e !one,bees sense o" s&ell 'la,s a role in its "ora#in# strate#ies 1A. In 6ini"reds res'onse to :enr,9 t!e state&ent abo%t !o bees o" so&e s'ecies navi#ate 'la,s !ic! one t!e "ollo in# roles.A/ It addresses an a&bi#%it, in :enr,s %se o" t!e e('ression >co&&%nicate t!e location.? .1/ It 'rovides evidence in s%''ort o" a #eneral clai&. .C/ It calls into 0%estion t!e acc%rac, o" ke, evidence cited b, :enr,. .3/ It 'oints o%t t!at :enr,s concl%sion directl, contradicts one o" !is 're&ises. .E/ It 'ro'oses an alternative e('lanation "or t!e !one,bees dance. 1B. Folitician: A #overn&ent t!at ta(es inco&es at a rate o" 1II 'ercent ill #enerate no reven%e beca%se all econo&ic activit, ill cease. So it "ollo s t!at t!e lo er t!e rate o" inco&e ta(9 t!e &ore reven%e t!e #overn&ent ill #enerate b, t!at ta(. Econo&ist: *o%r concl%sion cannot be correct9 since it o%ld &ean t!at an inco&e ta( o" I 'ercent o%ld #enerate t!e &a(i&%& reven%e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative strate#ies is %sed b, t!e econo&ist in res'ondin# to t!e 'olitician.A/ statin# a #eneral 'rinci'le t!at is inco&'atible it! t!e concl%sion t!e 'olitician derives .1/ 'rovidin# evidence t!at !ere t!e 'oliticians advice !as been ado'ted9 t!e res%lts !ave been disa''ointin# .C/ ar#%in# t!at t!e 'rinci'le derived b, t!e 'olitician9 i" a''lied in t!e li&itin# case9 leads to an abs%rdl, "alse concl%sion .3/ %nder&inin# t!e credibilit, o" t!e 'olitician b, o'enl, 0%estionin# t!e 'oliticians %nderstandin# o" econo&ics .E/ attackin# t!e 'oliticians ar#%&ent b, #ivin# reason to do%bt t!e tr%t! o" a 're&ise 1H. S'on#es attac! to t!e ocean "loor9 contin%all, "ilterin# sea ater "or "ood and e+ectin# ater t!e, !ave +%st "iltered to avoid rein#estin# it. T%b%lar and vase8 s!a'ed s'on#es can e+ect "iltered ater it!o%t assistance "ro& s%rro%ndin# ocean c%rrents and t!%s are ada'ted to slo 8&ovin#9 0%iet aters. 1eca%se o" t!eir s!a'e9 !o ever9 t!ese s'on#es cannot live in stron# c%rrents9 since stron# c%rrents o%ld dislod#e t!e&. 1ot! o" t!ese varieties o" s'on#e ere ides'read d%rin# t!e late J%rassic 'eriod. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# clai&s.A/ $e t%b%lar or vase8s!a'ed s'on#es lived be"ore t!e late J%rassic 'eriod. .1/ T%b%lar and vase8s!a'ed s'on#es ere &ore co&&on d%rin# t!e late J%rassic 'eriod t!an in s%cceedin# #eolo#ical eras. .C/ 3%rin# t!e late J%rassic 'eriod t!ere ere &an, areas o" t!e ocean "loor http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1I

!ere c%rrents ere eak. .3/ All s'on#es t!at are neit!er t%b%lar nor vase8s!a'ed in!abit areas o" t!e ocean "loor !ere t!ere are e(tre&el, stron# c%rrents. .E/ 2o t,'es o" s'on#e live in lar#e colonies9 since s'on#es do not "lo%ris! in areas !ere &%c! o" t!e ater !as been "iltered b, ot!er s'on#es. 5I. T!ere is stron# evidence t!at t!e ca%se o" &i#raines .severe rec%rrent !eadac!es/ is not 's,c!olo#ical b%t instead is '%rel, '!,siolo#ical. *et several st%dies !ave "o%nd t!at 'eo'le bein# 'ro"essionall, treated "or &i#raines rate !i#!er on a standard 's,c!olo#ical scale o" an(iet, t!an do 'eo'le not bein# 'ro"essionall, treated "or &i#raines. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ Feo'le !o !ave &i#raine !eadac!es tend to !ave relatives !o also !ave &i#raine !eadac!es. .1/ Feo'le !o !ave &i#raine !eadac!es o"ten s%""er t!ese !eadac!es !en %nder e&otional stress. .C/ Feo'le !o rate !i#!er on t!e standard 's,c!olo#ical scale o" an(iet, are &ore likel, to seek 'ro"essional treat&ent t!an are 'eo'le !o rate lo er on t!e scale. .3/ 7" t!e &an, st%dies done on t!e ca%se o" &i#raine !eadac!es9 &ost o" t!ose t!at s%##est t!at 's,c!olo#ical "actors s%c! as an(iet, ca%se &i#raines !ave been idel, '%blici)ed. .E/ Most 'eo'le !o !ave &i#raines and !o seek 'ro"essional treat&ent re&ain in treat&ent %ntil t!e, sto' !avin# &i#raines9 !et!er t!eir doctors consider t!e ca%se to be '!,siolo#ical or 's,c!olo#ical. 51. 2ot all ten%red "ac%lt, are "%ll 'ro"essors. T!ere"ore9 alt!o%#! ever, "ac%lt, &e&ber in t!e lin#%istics de'art&ent !as ten%re9 it &%st be t!e case t!at not all o" t!e "ac%lt, &e&bers in t!e lin#%istics de'art&ent are "%ll 'ro"essors. T!e "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# e(!ibited b, t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at e(!ibited b, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Alt!o%#! all &odern o""ice to ers are cli&ate8controlled b%ildin#s9 not all o""ice b%ildin#s are cli&ate8controlled. T!ere"ore9 it &%st be t!e case t!at not all o""ice b%ildin#s are &odern o""ice to ers. .1/ All &%nici'al !os'ital b%ildin#s are &assive9 b%t not all &%nici'al !os'ital b%ildin#s are "orbiddin# in a''earance. T!ere"ore9 &assive b%ildin#s need not 'resent a "orbiddin# a''earance. .C/ Alt!o%#! so&e b%ildin#s desi#ned b, "a&o%s arc!itects are not ell 'ro'ortioned9 all #overn&ent b%ildin#s are desi#ned b, "a&o%s arc!itects. T!ere"ore9 so&e #overn&ent b%ildin#s are not ell 'ro'ortioned. .3/ 2ot all '%blic b%ildin#s are ell desi#ned9 b%t so&e 'oorl, desi#ned '%blic http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A11

b%ildin#s ere ori#inall, intended "or 'rivate %se. T!ere"ore9 t!e 'oorl, desi#ned '%blic b%ildin#s ere all ori#inall, desi#ned "or 'rivate %se. .E/ Alt!o%#! so&e cat!edrals are not b%ilt o" stone9 ever, cat!edral is i&'ressive. T!ere"ore9 b%ildin#s can be i&'ressive even t!o%#! t!e, are not b%ilt o" stone. 55. 6!en a 'lanetar, s,ste& "or&s9 t!e c!ances t!at a 'lanet ca'able o" s%''ortin# li"e ill be "or&ed are !i#!. T!e c!ances t!at a lar#e 'lanet t!e si)e o" J%'iter or Sat%rn ill be "or&ed9 !o ever9 are lo . 6it!o%t J%'iter and Sat%rn9 !ose #ravitational "orces !ave 'revented Eart! "ro& bein# "re0%entl, str%ck b, lar#e co&ets9 intelli#ent li"e o%ld never !ave arisen on Eart!. Since 'lanetar, s,ste&s are %nlikel, to contain an, lar#e 'lanets9 t!e c!ances t!at intelli#ent li"e ill e&er#e on a 'lanet are9 t!ere"ore9 lo . Mno in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld be &ost %se"%l in eval%atin# t!e ar#%&ent.A/ !et!er all 'lanetar, s,ste& are "or&ed "ro& si&ilar a&o%nts o" &atter .1/ !et!er intelli#ent s'ecies o%ld be likel, to s%rvive i" a co&et str%ck t!eir 'lanet .C/ !et!er lar#e co&ets co%ld be de"lected b, onl, one lar#e 'lanet rat!er t!an be t o .3/ !o !i#! t!e c!ances are t!at 'lanetar, s,ste&s ill contain &an, lar#e co&ets .E/ !o likel, it is t!at 'lanetar, s,ste&s containin# lar#e 'lanets ill also contain 'lanets t!e si)e o" Eart! 5<. Constr%ction contractors orkin# on t!e c%ttin# ed#e o" tec!nolo#, nearl, al a,s ork on a >cost8'l%s? basis onl,. 7ne kind o" cost8'l%s contract sti'%lates t!e contractors 'ro"it as a "i(ed 'ercenta#e o" t!e contractors costsD t!e ot!er kind sti'%lates a "i(ed a&o%nt o" 'ro"it over and above costs. =nder t!e "irst kind o" contract9 !i#!er costs ,ield !i#!er 'ro"its "or t!e contractor9 so t!is is !ere one &i#!t e('ect "inal costs in e(cess o" ori#inal cost esti&ates to be &ore co&&on. Farado(icall,9 s%c! cost overr%ns are act%all, &ore co&&on i" t!e contract is o" t!e "i(ed8'ro"it kind. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado( in t!e sit%ation described above.A/ Clients are &%c! less likel, to a#ree to a "i(ed8'ro"it t,'e o" cost8'l%s contract !en it is %nderstood t!at %nder certain conditions t!e 'ro+ect ill be sc%ttled t!an t!e, are !en t!ere is no s%c! %nderstandin#. .1/ 7n lon#8ter& contracts9 cost 'ro+ections take "%t%re in"lation into acco%nt9 b%t since t!e "i#%res %sed are 'rovided b, t!e #overn&ent9 t!e, are %s%all, %nderesti&ates. .C/ 7n an, si)able constr%ction 'ro+ect9 t!e contractor bills t!e client &ont!l, or http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A15

0%arterl,9 so an, tendenc, "or ori#inal cost esti&ates to be e(ceeded can be detected earl,. .3/ Clients billed %nder a cost8'l%s contract are "ree to revie individ%al billin#s in order to %ncover aste"%l e('endit%res9 b%t t!e, do so onl, !en t!e contractors 'ro"it varies it! cost. .E/ T!e 'ractice o" s%b&ittin# deliberatel, e(a##erated cost esti&ates is &ost co&&on in t!e case o" "i(ed8'ro"it contracts9 beca%se it &akes t!e 'ro"it9 as a 'ercenta#e o" esti&ated cost9 a''ear &odest. 5C. T!at all is s%''orted b, several +oists. T!e onl, t!in# t!at can !ave ca%sed t!e b%l#e t!at t!e all no !as is a broken +oist. T!ere"ore9 at least one o" t!e +oists is broken. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar in its lo#ical "eat%res to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ A least one o" t!e 'la,ers in t!e orc!estra &%st !ave &ade a &istake9 since not!in# else o%ld !ave &ade t!e cond%ctor #ri&ace in t!e a, s!e +%st did. .1/ T!e "irst 'iece &%st !ave been t!e easiest9 since it as t!e onl, 'iece in t!e entire concert in !ic! t!e orc!estra did not &ake &an, &istakes. .C/ T!e 'la,ers 'la, ell onl, !en t!e, like t!e &%sic9 since t!e, tend to &ake &istakes !en t!e, 'la, so&et!in# t!e, do not like. .3/ 7ne o" t!e orc!estras 'la,ers &%st be able to 'la, t!e !ar'9 since in one o" t!e 'ieces t!e, are 'la,in# at ne(t eeks concert t!e co&'oser s'eci"ied t!at a !ar' s!o%ld be 'la,ed. .E/ T!e e&otion o" t!e &%sic is t!e onl, t!in# t!at can !ave ca%sed t!e cond%ctor to look so an#r, +%st t!en9 since t!e orc!estra as 'la,in# 'er"ectl,. Questions !5-!& Sas!a: :and ritin# anal,sis s!o%ld be banned in co%rt as evidence o" a 'ersons c!aracter: !and ritin# anal,sts called as itnesses !abit%all, e(a##erate t!e reliabilit, o" t!eir anal,ses. Gre#or,: *o% are ri#!t t!at t!e c%rrent %se o" !and ritin# anal,sis as evidence is 'roble&atic. 1%t t!is 'roble& e(ists onl, beca%se t!ere is no licensin# board to set 'ro"essional standards and t!%s deter irres'onsible anal,st "ro& &akin# e(a##erated clai&s. 6!en s%c! a board is establis!ed9 !o ever9 !and ritin# anal,sis b, licensed 'ractitioners ill be a le#iti&ate co%rtroo& tool "or c!aracter assess&ent. 5@. Gre#or, does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in res'ondin# to Sas!as ar#%&ent.A/ :e i#nores evidence introd%ced as s%''ort "or Sas!as reco&&endation. .1/ :e de"ends a 'rinci'le b, restrictin# t!e class to !ic! it is to be a''lied. .C/ :e abstracts a #eneral 'rinci'le "ro& s'eci"ic evidence. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1<

.3/ :e identi"ies a sel"8contradictor, state&ent in Sas!as ar#%&ent. .E/ :e s!o s t!at Sas!as ar#%&ent itsel" &ani"ests t!e %ndesirable c!aracteristic t!at it conde&ns. 5G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld 'rovide Sas!a it! t!e stron#est co%nter to Gre#or,s res'onse.A/ Co%rts ro%tinel, %se &eans ot!er t!an !and ritin# anal,sis to 'rovide evidence o" a 'ersons c!aracter. .1/ Man, 'eo'le can 'rovide t o sa&'les o" t!eir !and ritin# so di""erent t!at onl, a !i#!l, trained 'ro"essional co%ld identi", t!e& as !avin# been ritten b, t!e sa&e 'erson. .C/ A licensin# board o%ld inevitabl, re"%se to #rant licenses to so&e res'onsible !and ritin# anal,sts "or reasons !avin# not!in# to do it! t!eir reliabilit,. .3/ T!e onl, !and ritin# anal,sts !o clai& t!at !and ritin# 'rovides reliable evidence o" a 'ersons c!aracter are irres'onsible. .E/ T!e n%&ber o" !and ritin# anal,sts !o co%ld con"or& to 'ro"essional standards set b, a licensin# board is ver, s&all.

TEST 24
SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

$renc! divers recentl, "o%nd a lar#e cave alon# t!e coast o" t!e Mediterranean Sea. T!e cave is accessible onl, t!ro%#! an %nder ater t%nnel. T!e interior o" t!e cave is co&'letel, "illed it! sea ater and contains n%&ero%s lar#e stala#&ites9 !ic! are ston, 'illars t!at "or& !en dro's o" ater "all re'eatedl, on a sin#le s'ot on a cave "loor9 leavin# be!ind &ineral de'osits t!at acc%&%late over ti&e. T!e in"or&ation above &ost stron#l, s%''orts !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e Mediterranean Sea as at a !i#!er level in t!e 'ast t!an it is no . .1/ T!e ater level it!in t!e cave is !i#!er no t!an it once as. .C/ T!e $renc! divers ere t!e "irst 'eo'le !o kne t!at t!e t%nnel leadin# to t!e cave e(isted. .3/ T!ere as once an entrance to t!e cave besides t!e %nder ater t%nnel. .E/ Sea ater in t!e Mediterranean !as a lo er &ineral content no t!an it !ad !en t!e stala#&ites ere bein# "or&ed.

5.

A director o" t!e Re(( F!ar&ace%tical Co&'an, ar#%ed t!at t!e develo'&ent costs "or ne vaccines t!at t!e !ealt! de'art&ent !as re0%ested s!o%ld be http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1C

s%bsidi)ed b, t!e #overn&ent9 since t!e &arketin# o" vaccines 'ro&ised to be less 'ro"itable t!an t!e &arketin# o" an, ot!er '!ar&ace%tical 'rod%ct. In s%''ort o" t!is clai& t!e director ar#%ed t!at sales o" vaccines are likel, to be lo er since eac! vaccine is ad&inistered to a 'atient onl, once9 !ereas &edicines t!at co&bat diseases and c!ronic illnesses are ad&inistered &an, ti&es to eac! 'atient. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e s%''ort o""ered b, t!e co&'an, director "or t!e clai& concernin# t!e &arketin# o" vaccines.A/ 4accines are ad&inistered to &an, &ore 'eo'le t!an are &ost ot!er '!ar&ace%tical 'rod%cts. .1/ Man, o" t!e diseases t!at vaccines are desi#ned to 'revent can be s%ccess"%ll, treated b, &edicines. .C/ F!ar&ace%tical co&'anies occasionall, &arket 'rod%cts t!at are neit!er &edicines nor vaccines. .3/ F!ar&ace%tical co&'anies ot!er t!an t!e Re(( F!ar&ace%tical Co&'an, 'rod%ce vaccines. .E/ T!e cost o" ad&inisterin# a vaccine is rarel, borne b, t!e '!ar&ace%tical co&'an, t!at &an%"act%res t!at vaccine. <. Mana#er: 7%r ne co&'%ter net ork9 t!e '%r'ose o" !ic! is to increase 'rod%ctivit,9 can be installed d%rin# t!e da,9 !ic! o%ld disr%'t o%r e&'lo,ees ork9 or else at ni#!t9 !ic! o%ld entail &%c! !i#!er installation c!ar#es. Since savin# &one, is i&'ortant9 e s!o%ld !ave t!e net ork installed d%rin# t!e da,. T!e &ana#ers ar#%&ent ass%&es !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e &onetar, val%e o" t!e net ork e0%i'&ent o%ld not e(ceed t!e cost o" !avin# t!e e0%i'&ent installed at ni#!t. .1/ T!e &onetar, val%e o" an, 'rod%ctivit, lost d%rin# a da,ti&e installation o%ld be less t!an t!e di""erence bet een da,ti&e and ni#!tti&e installation costs. .C/ A da,ti&e installation o%ld be co&'leted b, no lar#er a cre and o%ld take t!e cre no &ore ti&e t!an o%ld a ni#!tti&e installation. .3/ 7nce t!e net ork !as been installed9 &ost o" t!e co&'an,s e&'lo,ees ill be able to %se it i&&ediatel, to increase t!eir 'rod%ctivit,. .E/ Most o" t!e co&'an,s e&'lo,ees o%ld be able to ork 'rod%ctivel, !ile a da,ti&e installation is in 'ro#ress. C. An in#redient in &ari+%ana kno n as T:C !as been "o%nd to inactivate !er'esvir%ses in e('eri&ents. In 'revio%s e('eri&ents researc!ers "o%nd t!at inactivated !er'esvir%ses can convert !ealt!, cells into cancer cells. It can be concl%ded t!at t!e %se o" &ari+%ana can ca%se cancer. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Several tea&s o" scientists 'er"or&ed t!e vario%s e('eri&ents and all o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1@

tea&s !ad si&ilar res%lts. .1/ T!e carcino#enic e""ect o" T:C co%ld be ne%trali)ed b, t!e ot!er in#redients "o%nd in &ari+%ana. .C/ 6!en T:C kills !er'esvir%ses it eakens t!e i&&%ne s,ste&9 and it &i#!t t!%s di&inis! t!e bod,s abilit, to "i#!t ot!er vir%ses9 incl%din# vir%ses linked to cancers. .3/ I" c!e&ists &odi", t!e str%ct%re o" T:C9 T:C can be sa"el, incor'orated into &edications to 'revent !er'es. .E/ To lessen t!e %ndesirable side e""ects o" c!e&ot!era',9 t!e %se o" &ari+%ana !as been reco&&ended "or cancer 'atients !o are "ree o" t!e !er'esvir%s. @. Arc!aeolo#ist: A lar#e cor'oration !as recentl, o""ered to 'rovide "%ndin# to restore an arc!aeolo#ical site and to constr%ct "acilities to &ake t!e site readil, accessible to t!e #eneral '%blic. T!e restoration ill con"or& to t!e best c%rrent t!eories abo%t !o t!e site a''eared at t!e !ei#!t o" t!e ancient civili)ation t!at occ%'ied it. T!is o""er s!o%ld be re+ected9 !o ever9 beca%se &an, 'arts o" t!e site contain %ne(a&ined evidence. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 +%sti"ies t!e arc!aeolo#ists ar#%&ent.A/ T!e o ners!i' o" arc!aeolo#ical sites s!o%ld not be %nder t!e control o" b%siness interests. .1/ An, restoration o" an arc!aeolo#ical site s!o%ld re'resent onl, t!e &ost ancient 'eriod o" t!at sites !istor,. .C/ 2o one s!o%ld &ake +%d#&ents abo%t !at constit%tes t!e !ei#!t o" anot!er civili)ation. .3/ 7nl, t!ose it! a tr%e concern "or an arc!aeolo#ical sites !istor, s!o%ld be involved in t!e restoration o" t!at site. .E/ T!e risk o" losin# evidence relevant to 'ossible "%t%re t!eories s!o%ld o%t ei#! an, advanta#es o" dis'la,in# t!e res%lts o" t!eories alread, develo'ed. G. 1esides la,in# e##s in !er o n nest9 an, "e&ale ood d%ck ill la, an e## in t!e nest o" anot!er "e&ale ood d%ck i" s!e sees t!e ot!er d%ck leavin# !er nest. =nder nat%ral nestin# conditions9 t!is 'arasitic be!avior is relativel, rare beca%se t!e d%cks nests are ell !idden. :o ever9 !en 'eo'le '%t %' nestin# bo(es to !el' t!e d%cks breed9 t!e, act%all, %nderc%t t!e d%cks re'rod%ctive e""orts. T!ese nestin# bo(es beco&e so cro ded it! e(tra e##s t!at "e 9 i" an,9 o" t!e e##s in t!ose bo(es !atc!. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ $e&ale ood d%cks ill establis! nests in nest bo(es onl, !en nat%ral nestin# sites are not available. .1/ 2estin# "e&ale ood d%cks !o o"ten see ot!er "e&ale ood d%cks are t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1G

&ost s%ccess"%l in t!eir breedin# e""orts. .C/ T!e nestin# bo(es "or ood d%cks !ave less s'ace "or e##s t!an do nat%ral nestin# sites. .3/ T!e nestin# bo(es o%ld be &ore e""ective in !el'in# ood d%cks breed i" t!e, ere less visible to ot!er ood d%cks t!an t!e, c%rrentl, are. .E/ 2estin# bo(es are needed to s%''le&ent t!e nat%ral nestin# sites o" ood d%cks beca%se o" t!e destr%ction o" &%c! o" t!e d%cks !abitat. A. T!e cr%( o" creativit, resides in t!e abilit, to &an%"act%re variations on a t!e&e. I" e look at t!e !istor, o" science9 "or instance9 e see t!at ever, idea is b%ilt %'on a t!o%sand related ideas. Care"%l anal,sis leads %s to %nderstand t!at !at e c!oose to call a ne t!e&e or a ne discover, is itsel" al a,s and it!o%t e(ce'tion so&e sort o" variation9 on a dee' level9 o" 'revio%s t!e&es. I" all o" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ A lack o" abilit, to &an%"act%re a variation on a 'revio%s t!e&e connotes a lack o" creativit,. .1/ 2o scienti"ic idea is entirel, inde'endent o" all ot!er ideas. .C/ Care"%l anal,sis o" a s'eci"ic variation can reveal 'revio%s t!e&es o" !ic! it is a variation. .3/ All #reat scienti"ic discoverers !ave been able to &an%"act%re a variation on a t!e&e. .E/ So&e ne scienti"ic discoveries do not re'resent9 on a dee' level9 a variation on 'revio%s t!e&es. B. Millions o" "e&ale bats rear t!eir '%'s in 1racken Cave. Alt!o%#! t!e &ot!ers all leave t!e cave ni#!tl,9 on t!eir ret%rn eac! &ot!er is al&ost al a,s s i"tl, re%nited it! !er o n '%'. Since t!e bats calls are t!eir onl, &eans o" "indin# one anot!er9 and a bat '%' cannot distin#%is! t!e call o" its &ot!er "ro& t!at o" an, ot!er ad%lt bat9 it is clear t!at eac! &ot!er bat can reco#ni)e t!e call o" !er '%'. T!e ar#%&ent seeks to do !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ derive a #eneral concl%sion abo%t all &e&bers o" a #ro%' "ro& "acts kno n abo%t re'resentative &e&bers o" t!at #ro%' .1/ establis! t!e validit, o" one e('lanation "or a '!eno&enon b, e(cl%din# alternative e('lanations .C/ s%''ort9 b, describin# a s%itable &ec!anis&9 t!e !,'ot!esis t!at a certain '!eno&enon can occ%r .3/ concl%de t!at &e&bers o" t o #ro%'s are likel, to s!are a certain abilit, beca%se o" ot!er c!aracteristics t!e, s!are .E/ de&onstrate t!at a #eneral r%le a''lies in a 'artic%lar case

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1A

H.

So&eone !o #ets sick "ro& eatin# a &eal ill o"ten develo' a stron# distaste "or t!e one "ood in t!e &eal t!at !ad t!e &ost distinctive "lavor9 !et!er or not t!at "ood ca%sed t!e sickness. T!is '!eno&enon e('lains !, c!ildren are es'eciall, likel, to develo' stron# aversions to so&e "oods. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e stron#est s%''ort "or t!e e('lanation.A/ C!ildren are &ore likel, t!an ad%lts to be #iven &eals co&'osed o" "oods lackin# es'eciall, distinctive "lavors. .1/ C!ildren are less likel, t!an ad%lts to see a connection bet een t!eir !ealt! and t!e "oods t!e, eat. .C/ C!ildren tend to !ave &ore ac%te taste and to beco&e sick &ore o"ten t!an ad%lts do. .3/ C!ildren t,'icall, recover &ore slo l, t!an ad%lts do "ro& sickness ca%sed b, "ood. .E/ C!ildren are &ore likel, t!an are ad%lts to re"%se to eat %n"a&iliar "oods.

1I. Fre&i%&s "or a%to&obile accident ins%rance are o"ten !i#!er "or red cars t!an "or cars o" ot!er colors. To +%sti", t!ese !i#!er c!ar#es9 ins%rance co&'anies clai& t!at9 overall9 a #reater 'ercenta#e o" red cars are involved in accidents t!an are cars o" an, ot!er color. I" t!is clai& is tr%e9 t!en lives co%ld %ndo%btedl, be saved b, bannin# red cars "ro& t!e roads alto#et!er. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ acce'ts it!o%t 0%estion t!at ins%rance co&'anies !ave t!e ri#!t to c!ar#e !i#!er 're&i%&s "or !i#!er8risk clients .1/ "ails to consider !et!er red cars cost t!e sa&e to re'air as cars o" ot!er colors .C/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at drivers !o drive recklessl, !ave a 're"erence "or red cars .3/ does not s'eci", 'recisel, !at 'ercenta#e o" red cars are involved in accidents .E/ &akes an %ns%''orted ass%&'tion t!at ever, a%to&obile accident res%lts in so&e loss o" li"e 11. A certain credit8card co&'an, a ards its c%sto&ers bon%s 'oints "or %sin# its credit card. C%sto&ers can %se acc%&%lated 'oints in t!e '%rc!ase o" brand na&e &erc!andise b, &ail at 'rices lo er t!an t!e &an%"act%rers s%##ested retail 'rices. At an, #iven ti&e9 t!ere"ore9 c%sto&ers !o '%rc!ase &erc!andise %sin# t!e bon%s 'oints s'end less t!an t!e, o%ld s'end i" t!e, '%rc!ased t!e sa&e &erc!andise in retail stores. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ T!e &erc!andise t!at can be ordered b, &ail %sin# t!e bon%s 'oints is not o""ered at lo er 'rices b, ot!er credit8card co&'anies t!at a ard bon%s http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1B

'oints. .1/ T!e bon%s 'oints cannot be %sed b, t!e credit8card c%sto&ers in t!e '%rc!ase o" brand na&e &erc!andise t!at is not available "or '%rc!ase in retail stores. .C/ T!e credit8card co&'an, does not re0%ire its c%sto&ers to acc%&%late a lar#e n%&ber o" bon%s 'oints be"ore beco&in# eli#ible to order &erc!andise at 'rices lo er t!an t!e &an%"act%rers s%##ested retail 'rice. .3/ T!e a&o%nt credit8card c%sto&ers 'a, "or s!i''in# t!e &erc!andise ordered b, &ail does not increase t!e a&o%nt c%sto&ers s'end to an a&o%nt #reater t!an t!e, o%ld s'end i" t!e, '%rc!ased t!e sa&e &erc!andise in retail stores. .E/ T!e &erc!andise available to t!e co&'an,s credit8card c%sto&ers %sin# t!e bon%s 'oints is "re0%entl, sold in retail stores at 'rices t!at are !i#!er t!an t!e &an%"act%rers s%##ested retail 'rices. 15. It is 'robabl, not tr%e t!at colic in in"ants is ca%sed b, t!e inabilit, o" t!ose in"ants to tolerate certain antibodies "o%nd in co s &ilk9 since it is o"ten t!e case t!at s,&'to&s o" colic are s!o n b, in"ants t!at are "ed breast &ilk e(cl%sivel,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ A st%d, involvin# @II sets o" t ins !as "o%nd t!at i" one in"ant !as colic9 its t in ill 'robabl, also !ave colic. .1/ S,&'to&s o" colic #enerall, disa''ear as in"ants #ro older9 !et!er t!e in"ants !ave been "ed breast &ilk e(cl%sivel, or !ave been "ed in"ant "or&%la containin# co s &ilk. .C/ In a st%d, o" @9III in"ants !o ere "ed onl, in"ant "or&%la containin# co s &ilk9 over C9III o" t!e in"ants never dis'la,ed an, s,&'to&s o" colic. .3/ 6!en &ot!ers o" in"ants t!at are "ed onl, breast &ilk eli&inate co s &ilk and all 'rod%cts &ade "ro& co s &ilk "ro& t!eir o n diets9 an, colic s,&'to&s t!at t!eir in"ants !ave &ani"ested 0%ickl, disa''ear. .E/ In"ants t!at are "ed breast &ilk develo' &at%re di#estive s,ste&s at an earlier a#e t!an do t!ose t!at are "ed in"ant "or&%las9 and in"ants it! &at%re di#estive s,ste&s are better able to tolerate certain 'roteins and antibodies "o%nd in co s &ilk. Questions 13-14 *olanda: Gainin# access to co&'%ters it!o%t a%t!ori)ation and &ani'%latin# t!e data and 'ro#ra&s t!e, contain is co&'arable to +o,ridin# in stolen carsD bot! involve breakin# into 'rivate 'ro'ert, and treatin# it recklessl,. Jo,ridin#9 !o ever9 is t!e &ore dan#ero%s cri&e beca%se it '!,sicall, endan#ers 'eo'le9 !ereas onl, intellect%al 'ro'ert, is !ar&ed in t!e case o" co&'%ter cri&es. Ar+%n: I disa#reeJ $or e(a&'le9 %na%t!ori)ed %se o" &edical records s,ste&s in !os'itals co%ld da&a#e data s,ste&s on !ic! !%&an lives de'end9 and t!ere"ore http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A1H

co&'%ter cri&es also ca%se '!,sical !ar& to 'eo'le. 1<. An iss%e in dis'%te bet een *olanda and Ar+%n is .A/ !et!er +o,ridin# '!,sicall, endan#ers !%&an lives .1/ !et!er t!e %na%t!ori)ed &ani'%lation o" co&'%ter data involves da&a#e to 'rivate 'ro'ert, .C/ !et!er da&a#e to '!,sical 'ro'ert, is &ore cri&inal t!an da&a#e to intellect%al 'ro'ert, .3/ !et!er t!e %na%t!ori)ed %se o" co&'%ters is as dan#ero%s to 'eo'le as is +o,ridin# .E/ !et!er treatin# 'rivate 'ro'ert, recklessl, is ever a dan#ero%s cri&e 1C. T!e reasonin# in Ar+%ns res'onse is "la ed beca%se !e .A/ "ails to &aintain a distinction &ade in *olandas ar#%&ent .1/ denies *olandas concl%sion it!o%t 'rovidin# evidence a#ainst it .C/ relies on t!e act%alit, o" a '!eno&enon t!at !e !as onl, s!o n to be 'ossible .3/ &istakes so&et!in# t!at leads to !is concl%sion "or so&et!in# t!at is necessar, "or !is concl%sion .E/ %ses as evidence a '!eno&enon t!at is inconsistent it! !is o n concl%sion 1@. A re'ort o" a #overn&ent s%rve, concl%ded t!at Center Cit, as a&on# t!e ten cities in t!e nation it! t!e !i#!est dro'o%t rate "ro& its sc!ools. T!e s%rve, data ere obtained b, askin# all cit, residents over t!e a#e o" 1H !et!er t!e, ere !i#! sc!ool #rad%ates and co&'%tin# t!e 'ro'ortion !o ere not. A cit, sc!ool o""icial ob+ected t!at t!e res%lt did not see& acc%rate accordin# to t!e sc!ools "i#%res. T!e sc!ool o""icial can &ost 'ro'erl, critici)e t!e reasonin# b, !ic! t!e s%rve, re'ort reac!ed its res%lt "or "ail%re to do !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ take into acco%nt instances o" res'ondents dro''in# o%t t!at occ%rred be"ore t!e res'ondents reac!ed !i#! sc!ool .1/ ask residents !et!er t!e, !ad co&'leted t!eir !i#! sc!ool ork in "e er t!an t!e %s%al n%&ber o" ,ears .C/ distin#%is! bet een residents !o !ad attended t!e cit,s sc!ools and t!ose !o !ad received t!eir sc!oolin# else !ere .3/ 'redict t!e e""ect o" t!e in"or&ation contained in t!e re'ort on "%t%re !i#! sc!ool dro'o%t rates "or t!e cit, .E/ consider !et!er a di'lo&a "ro& t!e cit,s !i#! sc!ools si#naled t!e sa&e level o" ac!ieve&ent over ti&e 1G. 1ro n d ar"sKdi& red stars t!at are too cool to b%rn !,dro#enKare ver, si&ilar in a''earance to red d ar" stars9 !ic! are +%st !ot eno%#! to b%rn !,dro#en. Stars9 !en "irst "or&ed9 contain s%bstantial a&o%nts o" t!e ele&ent http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5I

lit!i%&. All stars b%t t!e coolest o" t!e bro n d ar"s are !ot eno%#! to destro, lit!i%& co&'letel, b, convertin# it to !eli%&. Accordin#l,9 an, star "o%nd t!at contains no lit!i%& is not one o" t!ese coolest bro n d ar"s. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 2one o" t!e coolest bro n d ar"s !as ever been !ot eno%#! to destro, lit!i%&. .1/ Most stars t!at are too cool to b%rn !,dro#en are too cool to destro, lit!i%& co&'letel,. .C/ 1ro n d ar"s t!at are not !ot eno%#! to destro, lit!i%& are !ot eno%#! to destro, !eli%&. .3/ Most stars9 !en "irst "or&ed9 contain ro%#!l, t!e sa&e 'ercenta#e o" lit!i%&. .E/ 2o stars are &ore si&ilar in a''earance to red d ar"s t!an are bro n d ar"s. 1A. 6!enever a co&'an, loses a &a+or 'rod%ct8liabilit, la s%it9 t!e val%e o" t!e co&'an,s stocks "alls si#ni"icantl, it!in !o%rs a"ter t!e anno%nce&ent. Coto, !as lon# been involved in a &a+or 'rod%ct8liabilit, la s%it9 and its stocks "ell si#ni"icantl, in val%e toda,. T!ere"ore9 e can be s%re t!at an %n"avorable +%d#&ent a#ainst Coto, in t!at la s%it as anno%nced earlier toda,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# contains "la ed reasonin# t!at &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 6!enever a b%siness treats its c%sto&ers disco%rteo%sl,9 its c%sto&ers be#in to s!o' else !ere. S!o' ell ants to kee' all o" its c%sto&ersD t!ere"ore9 its e&'lo,ees ill never treat c%sto&ers disco%rteo%sl,. .1/ 6!enever t!e lar#e airlines decrease "ares9 t!e "inancial stabilit, o" s&aller co&'etin# airlines is adversel, a""ected. T!ere"ore9 t!e s&aller co&'etin# airlines "inancial stabilit, &%st be serio%sl, t!reatened !en t!e lar#e airlines anno%nce a lar#e 'rice decrease. .C/ 6!enever a co%ntr, s!o s a lack o" leaders!i' on international iss%es9 res'ect "or t!e co%ntr,s 'olicies be#ins to decline. T!ere"ore9 to #ain res'ect "or its 'olicies9 a co%ntr, s!o%ld s!o leaders!i' on international iss%es. .3/ 6!enever an enterin# st%dent at Cas!&an Colle#e ins t!e Fer"or&ance $ello s!i'9 !e or s!e receives L1I9III. T!ere"ore9 E%la9 a st%dent !o !as enrolled at Cas!&an9 &%st !ave on t!e Fer"or&ance $ello s!i'9 beca%se s!e +%st received L1I9III "ro& t!e colle#e. .E/ 6!enever a co&'an, advertises its 'rod%cts e""ectivel,9 t!e co&'an,s sales increase. 7rocos sales !ave not increasedD t!ere"ore9 it is likel, t!at t!e co&'an, did not advertise its 'rod%cts e""ectivel,. 1B. In recent ,ears t!e cli&ate !as been #enerall, cool in nort!ern Asia. 1%t d%rin# 'eriods !en t!e avera#e dail, te&'erat%re and !%&idit, in nort!ern Asia ere http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A51

sli#!tl, !i#!er t!an t!eir nor&al levels t!e ,ields o" &ost cro's #ro n t!ere increased si#ni"icantl,. In t!e ne(t cent%r,9 t!e increased avera#e dail, te&'erat%re and !%&idit, attained d%rin# t!ose 'eriods are e('ected to beco&e t!e nor&. *et scientists 'redict t!at t!e ,earl, ,ields o" &ost o" t!e re#ions cro's ill decrease d%rin# t!e ne(t cent%r,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent 'arado( in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ Cro' ,ields in so%t!ern Asia are e('ected to re&ain constant even a"ter t!e avera#e dail, te&'erat%re and !%&idit, t!ere increase "ro& recent levels. .1/ An, increases in te&'erat%re and !%&idit, o%ld be acco&'anied b, !i#!er levels o" at&os'!eric carbon dio(ide9 !ic! is vital to 'lant res'iration. .C/ T!e cli&ate in nort!ern Asia !as #enerall, been too cool and dr, in recent ,ears "or 'o'%lations o" &an, cro' insect 'ests to beco&e establis!ed. .3/ In &an, 'arts o" Asia9 t!e increased ann%al 'reci'itation t!at o%ld res%lt "ro& ar&er and etter cli&ates o%ld ca%se &ost edible 'lant s'ecies to "lo%ris!. .E/ T!e recent cli&ate o" nort!ern Asia 'revents &an, cro's "ro& bein# "ar&ed t!ere d%rin# t!e inter. 1H. 2o one in t!e $renc! de'art&ent to !ic! Fro"essor Alban belon#s is allo ed to teac! &ore t!an one introd%ctor, level class in an, one ter&. Moreover9 t!e onl, lan#%a#e classes bein# ta%#!t ne(t ter& are advanced ones. So it is %ntr%e t!at bot! o" t!e $renc! classes Fro"essor Alban ill be teac!in# ne(t ter& ill be introd%ctor, level classes. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# dis'la,ed in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost closel, 'aralleled b, t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents.A/ T!e Morrison 1%ildin# ill be "%ll, occ%'ied b, Ma, and since i" a b%ildin# is occ%'ied b, Ma, t!e ne ta( rates a''l, to it9 t!e Morrison 1%ildin# ill be ta(ed accordin# to t!e ne rates. .1/ T!e revised ta( code does not a''l, at all to b%ildin#s b%ilt be"ore 1HII9 and onl, t!e "irst section o" t!e revised code a''lies to b%ildin#s b%ilt bet een 1HII and 1H5I9 so t!e revised code does not a''l, to t!e 2orton 1%ildin#9 since it as b%ilt in 1BA<. .C/ All 'ro'ert, on 7verton Road ill be reassessed "or ta( '%r'oses b, t!e end o" t!e ,ear and t!e Elnor Co&'an, !ead0%arters is on 7verton Road9 so Elnors 'ro'ert, ta(es ill be !i#!er ne(t ,ear. .3/ 2e b%ildin#s t!at incl%de '%blic s'ace are e(e&'t "ro& cit, ta(es "or t o ,ears and all ne b%ildin#s in t!e cit,s Alton district are e(e&'t "or "ive ,ears9 so t!e b%ildin# it! t!e lar#e '%blic s'ace t!at as recentl, co&'leted in Alton ill not be s%b+ect to cit, ta(es ne(t ,ear. .E/ Since accordin# to recent stat%te9 a b%ildin# t!at is e(e&'t "ro& 'ro'ert, ta(es is c!ar#ed "or cit, ater at a s'ecial rate9 and !os'itals are e(e&'t http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A55

"ro& 'ro'ert, ta(es9 $o%nders :os'ital ill be c!ar#ed "or cit, ater at t!e s'ecial rate. Questions !0-!1 So&e 'eo'le !ave been 'ro&otin# a ne !erbal &i(t%re as a re&ed, "or t!e co&&on cold. T!e &i(t%re contains9 a&on# ot!er t!in#s9 e(tracts o" t!e 'lants '%r'le cone8 "lo er and #oldenseal. A cold s%""erer9 ske'tical o" t!e clai& t!at t!e &i(t%re is an e""ective cold re&ed,9 ar#%ed9 >S%''ose t!at t!e &i(t%re ere an e""ective cold re&ed,. Since &ost 'eo'le it! colds is! to recover 0%ickl,9 it "ollo s t!at al&ost ever,bod, it! a cold o%ld be %sin# it. T!ere"ore9 since t!ere are &an, 'eo'le !o !ave colds b%t do not %se t!e &i(t%re9 it is obvio%sl, not e""ective.? 5I. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion re0%ired b, t!e ske'tical cold s%""erers ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ Eno%#! o" t!e &i(t%re is 'rod%ced to 'rovide t!e re0%ired doses to al&ost ever,bod, it! a cold. .1/ T!e &i(t%re does not !ave side e""ects severe eno%#! to &ake &an, 'eo'le !o !ave colds avoid %sin# it. .C/ T!e &i(t%re is 'o er"%l eno%#! to 'revent al&ost ever,bod, !o %ses it "ro& contractin# an, "%rt!er colds. .3/ T!e &i(t%re is idel, eno%#! kno n t!at al&ost ever,bod, it! a cold is a are o" it. .E/ T!ere are no e""ective cold re&edies available t!at &an, 'eo'le !o !ave colds 're"er to t!e &i(t%re. 51. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes t!e &et!od o" reasonin# t!e cold s%""erer %ses to reac! t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ "indin# a clai& to be "alse on t!e #ro%nds t!at it o%ld9 i" tr%e9 !ave conse0%ences t!at are "alse .1/ acce'tin# a clai& on t!e basis o" '%blic o'inion o" t!e clai& .C/ s!o in# t!at conditions necessar, to establis! t!e tr%t! o" a clai& are &et .3/ basin# a #enerali)ation on a re'resentative #ro%' o" instances .E/ s!o in# t!at a &eas%re clai&ed to be e""ective in ac!ievin# a certain e""ect o%ld act%all, &ake ac!ievin# t!e e""ect &ore di""ic%lt 55. To !old cri&inals res'onsible "or t!eir cri&es involves a "ail%re to reco#ni)e t!at cri&inal actions9 like all actions9 are %lti&atel, 'rod%cts o" t!e environ&ent t!at "or#ed t!e a#ents c!aracter. It is not cri&inals b%t 'eo'le in t!e la 8abidin# &a+orit, !o b, t!eir actions do &ost to create and &aintain t!is environ&ent. T!ere"ore9 it is la 8abidin# 'eo'le !ose actions9 and not!in# else9 &ake t!e& alone tr%l, res'onsible "or cri&e. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at .A/ it e('loits an a&bi#%it, in t!e ter& >environ&ent? b, treatin# t o di""erent http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5<

&eanin#s o" t!e ord as t!o%#! t!e, ere e0%ivalent .1/ it "ails to distin#%is! bet een actions t!at are sociall, acce'table and actions t!at are sociall, %nacce'table .C/ t!e a, it distin#%is!es cri&inals "ro& cri&es i&'licitl, denies t!at so&eone beco&es a cri&inal solel, in virt%e o" !avin# co&&itted a cri&e .3/ its concl%sion is a #enerali)ation o" statistical evidence dra n "ro& onl, a s&all &inorit, o" t!e 'o'%lation .E/ its concl%sion contradicts an i&'licit 'rinci'le on !ic! an earlier 'art o" t!e ar#%&ent is based 5<. C!ronic back 'ain is %s%all, ca%sed b, a !erniated or de#enerated s'inal disk. In &ost cases t!e disk ill !ave been da&a#ed ,ears be"ore c!ronic 'ain develo's9 and in "act an esti&ated one in "ive 'eo'le over t!e a#e o" <I !as a !erniated or de#enerated disk t!at s!o s no c!ronic s,&'to&s. I" c!ronic 'ain later develo's in s%c! a case9 it is #enerall, bro%#!t abo%t b, a deterioration o" t!e abdo&inal and s'inal &%scles ca%sed b, ins%""icient e(ercise. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ $o%r o%t o" "ive 'eo'le over t!e a#e o" <I can be s%re t!e, ill never develo' c!ronic back 'ain. .1/ Feo'le !o e(ercise t!eir abdo&inal and s'inal &%scles re#%larl, are s%re to be "ree "ro& c!ronic back 'ain. .C/ Fatients rarel, s%""er even &ild and "leetin# back 'ain at t!e ti&e t!at a s'inal disk "irst beco&es !erniated or de#enerated. .3/ 3octors can acc%ratel, 'redict !ic! 'eo'le !o do not !ave c!ronic back 'ain ill develo' it in t!e "%t%re. .E/ T!ere is a strate#, t!at can be e""ective in dela,in# or 'reventin# t!e onset o" 'ain "ro& a c%rrentl, as,&'to&atic !erniated or de#enerated s'inal disk. 5C. Eac! 3ece&ber <1 in Co%ntr, N9 a tall, is &ade o" t!e co%ntr,s total available coal s%''liesKt!at is9 t!e total a&o%nt o" coal t!at !as been &ined t!ro%#!o%t t!e co%ntr, b%t not cons%&ed. In 1HH1 t!at a&o%nt as considerabl, lo er t!an it !ad been in 1HHI. $%rt!er&ore9 Co%ntr, N !as not i&'orted or e('orted coal since 1HAI. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ In Co%ntr, N9 &ore coal as &ined in 1HHI t!an as &ined in 1HH1. .1/ In Co%ntr, N9 t!e a&o%nt o" coal cons%&ed in 1HH1 as #reater t!an t!e a&o%nt o" coal &ined in 1HH1. .C/ In Co%ntr, N9 t!e a&o%nt o" coal cons%&ed in 1HHI as #reater t!an t!e a&o%nt o" coal cons%&ed in 1HH1. .3/ In Co%ntr, N9 t!e a&o%nt o" coal cons%&ed in 1HH1 as #reater t!an t!e a&o%nt o" coal cons%&ed in 1HHI. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5C

.E/ In Co%ntr, N9 &ore coal as cons%&ed d%rin# t!e "irst !al" o" 1HH1 t!an as cons%&ed d%rin# t!e "irst !al" o" 1HHI. 5@. To&: E&'lo,ers co&'lain t!at 'eo'le #rad%atin# "ro& !i#! sc!ool too o"ten lack t!e vocational skills re0%ired "or "%ll8ti&e e&'lo,&ent. T!ere"ore9 since t!ese skills are best ac0%ired on t!e +ob9 e s!o%ld re0%ire !i#! sc!ool st%dents to ork at 'art8ti&e +obs so t!at t!e, ac0%ire t!e skills needed "or toda,s +ob &arket. Mar,: T!ere are alread, too "e 'art8ti&e +obs "or st%dents !o ant to ork9 and si&'l, re0%irin# st%dents to ork ill not create +obs "or t!e&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes !o Mar,s res'onse is related to To&s ar#%&ent.A/ It anal,)es an %ndesirable res%lt o" %ndertakin# t!e co%rse o" action t!at To& reco&&ends. .1/ It ar#%es t!at To& !as &istaken an %navoidable trend "or an avoidable one. .C/ It 'rovides in"or&ation t!at is inconsistent it! an e('licitl, stated 're&ise in To&s ar#%&ent. .3/ It 'resents a consideration t!at %nderc%ts an ass%&'tion on !ic! To&s ar#%&ent de'ends. .E/ It de"ends an alternative sol%tion to t!e 'roble& t!at To& describes. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Critic: Feo'le toda, 'lace an es'eciall, !i#! val%e on res'ect "or ot!ersD ,et9 in t!eir co&ed, acts9 &an, o" toda,s &ost 'o'%lar co&edians dis'la, blatant disres'ect "or ot!ers. 1%t !en 'eo'le "ail to live %' to t!e ver, ideals t!e, !old in !i#!est estee&9 e(a##eration o" s%c! "ailin#s o"ten "or&s t!e basis o" s%ccess"%l co&ed,. T!%s t!e c%rrent 'o'%larit, o" co&edians !o dis'la, disres'ect in t!eir acts is !ardl, s%r'risin#. T!e critics ar#%&ent de'ends on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ Feo'le !o en+o, co&edians !o dis'la, disres'ect in t!eir acts do not 'lace a !i#! val%e on res'ect "or ot!ers. .1/ 7nl, co&edians !o dis'la, blatant disres'ect in t!eir acts are c%rrentl, s%ccess"%l. .C/ Man, 'eo'le disa''rove o" t!e 'ortra,al o" blatant disres'ect "or ot!ers in co&ed, acts. .3/ Feo'le !o val%e an ideal es'eciall, !i#!l, do not al a,s s%cceed in livin# %' to t!is ideal. .E/ Feo'le toda, "ail to live %' to t!eir o n ideals &ore "re0%entl, t!an as t!e case in t!e 'ast.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5@

5.

T!e la "ir& o" S%t!erlin9 Fere)9 and Associates is one o" t!e &ost s%ccess"%l la "ir&s !ose 'ri&ar, s'eciali)ation is in cri&inal de"ense cases. In "act9 t!e "ir& !as a better t!an HI 'ercent ac0%ittal rate in s%c! cases. 3alton is an attorne, !ose 'ri&ar, s'eciali)ation is in divorce cases9 so 3alton certainl, cannot be a &e&ber o" S%t!erlin9 Fere)9 and Associates. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ o""ers in s%''ort o" its concl%sion 'ieces o" evidence t!at are &%t%all, contradictor, .1/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at a 'erson can 'ractice la &e&ber o" a la "ir& it!o%t bein# a

.C/ concl%des t!at so&eone is not a &e&ber o" a #ro%' on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!at 'erson does not !ave a c!aracteristic t!at t!e #ro%' as a !ole !as .3/ takes a !i#! rate o" s%ccess a&on# t!e &e&bers o" a #ro%' to indicate t!at t!e s%ccesses are evenl, s'read a&on# t!e &e&bers .E/ states a #enerali)ation based on a selection t!at is not re'resentative o" t!e #ro%' abo%t !ic! t!e #enerali)ation is s%''osed to !old tr%e <. 7''onents o" allo in# tri'le8trailer tr%cks to %se t!e national !i#! a, s,ste& are ron# in clai&in# t!at t!ese tr%cks are &ore dan#ero%s t!an ot!er co&&ercial ve!icles. In t!e estern 'art o" t!e co%ntr,9 in areas !ere tri'le8trailers are no 'er&itted on so&e !i#! a,s9 "or t!ese ve!icles t!e rate o" road accident "atalities 'er &ile o" travel is lo er t!an t!e national rate "or ot!er t,'es o" co&&ercial ve!icles. Clearl,9 tri'le8trailers are sa"er t!an ot!er co&&ercial ve!icles. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost s%bstantiall, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It takes t o s&aller se&itrailers to !a%l as &%c! ei#!t as a sin#le tri'le8 trailer can. .1/ :i#! a,s in t!e s'arsel, 'o'%lated 6est are &%c! less !eavil, traveled and conse0%entl, are "ar sa"er t!an !i#! a,s in t!e national s,ste& as a !ole. .C/ 7''onents o" t!e tri'le8trailers also once o''osed t!e s!orter t in8trailers9 !ic! are no co&&on on t!e nations !i#! a,s. .3/ In areas !ere t!e tri'le8trailers are 'er&itted9 drivers need a s'ecial license to o'erate t!e&. .E/ $or tri'le8trailers t!e rate o" road accident "atalities 'er &ile o" travel as !i#!er last ,ear t!an in t!e t o 'revio%s ,ears. C. 6!ittaker: T!ere can be no s%c! t!in# as t!e n%&ber o" &edical sc!ool st%dents !o dro' o%t be"ore t!eir second ,ear9 beca%se i" t!e, dro' o%t9 t!e, never !ave a second ,ear. :%dson: 1, ,o%r reasonin# I cannot !el' b%t beco&e ric!9 beca%se t!ere is si&ilarl, no s%c! t!in# as &, d,in# be"ore &, "irst &illion dollars is in t!e bank. :%dson res'onds to 6!ittaker b, .A/ s!o in# t!at a relevantl, analo#o%s ar#%&ent leads to an %ntenable http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5G

concl%sion .1/ citin# a s'eci"ic e(a&'le to co%nter 6!ittakers #eneral clai& .C/ 'ointin# o%t t!at 6!ittaker &istakes a necessar, sit%ation "or a 'ossible sit%ation .3/ clai&in# t!at !at 6!ittaker sa,s cannot be tr%e beca%se 6!ittaker acts as i" it ere "alse .E/ s!o in# t!at 6!ittakers ar#%&ent relies on anal,)in# an e(tre&e and %nre'resentative case @. A ne l, develo'ed li#!t b%lb is &%c! &ore cost8e""ective t!an conventional li#!t b%lbs: it costs onl, abo%t < ti&es !at a conventional li#!t b%lb costs b%t it lasts %' to 1I ti&es as lon# as a conventional li#!t b%lb. 3es'ite t!e &an%"act%rers intense e""orts to '%blici)e t!e advanta#es o" t!e ne b%lb9 one anal,st 'redicts t!at t!ese ne b%lbs ill 'rove to sell ver, 'oorl,. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides s%''ort "or t!e anal,sts 'rediction EECEFT: .A/ T!e li#!t #enerated b, t!e ne b%lb is in t!e ,ello ran#e o" t!e s'ectr%&9 a t,'e o" arti"icial li#!t &ost 'eo'le "ind %na''ealin#. .1/ Most 'eo'le !o '%rc!ase li#!t b%lbs 're"er to b%, ine('ensive li#!t b%lbs rat!er t!an &ore d%rable b%t e('ensive li#!t b%lbs. .C/ A &an%"act%rer o" one brand o" conventional li#!t b%lb !as advertised clai&s t!at t!e ne li#!t b%lb %ses &ore electricit, t!an do conventional li#!t b%lbs. .3/ T!e ne b%lb is to be &arketed in several di""erent 0%antities9 ran#in# "ro& 'acka#es containin# one b%lb to 'acka#es containin# "o%r b%lbs. .E/ A co&'etin# &an%"act%rer is abo%t to introd%ce a li#!t b%lb t!at lasts 1I ti&es as lon# as a conventional b%lb b%t costs less t!an a conventional b%lb. G. T!e -ien.i9 a 'assen#er s!i'9 sank as a res%lt o" a !ole in its !%ll9 'ossibl, ca%sed b, sabota#e. 2or&all,9 !en a !oled s!i' sinks as ra'idl, as t!e -ien.i did9 ater does not enter t!e s!i' 0%ickl, eno%#! "or t!e s!i' to be "%ll, "looded !en it reac!es t!e ocean "loor. $%ll "loodin# can be ac!ieved9 !o ever9 b, sabota#e. An, s!i' t!at sinks dee' into t!e ocean !en not "%ll, "looded ill i&'lode. 3ee'8sea '!oto#ra'!s9 taken o" t!e s%nken -ien.i !ere it rests on t!e ocean "loor9 reveal t!at t!e -ien.i did not i&'lode. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e -ien.i as so constr%cted as to red%ce t!e risk o" sinkin# b, i&'act. .1/ I" t!e -ien.i beca&e "%ll, "looded9 it did so onl, a"ter it reac!ed t!e ocean "loor. .C/ I" t!e -ien.i as not s%nk b, sabota#e9 ater "looded into it %n%s%all, "ast. .3/ I" t!e -ien.i !ad s%nk &ore slo l,9 it o%ld !ave i&'loded.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5A

.E/ T!e -ien.i as so stron#l, constr%cted as to resist i&'lodin# %nder dee'8sea 'ress%re. A. $or ever, @I do#s t!at contract a certain disease9 one ill die "ro& it. A vaccine e(ists t!at is virt%all, 1II 'ercent e""ective in 'reventin# t!is disease. Since t!e risk o" deat! "ro& co&'lications o" vaccination is one deat! 'er @9III vaccinations9 it is t!ere"ore sa"er "or a do# to receive t!e vaccine t!an not to receive it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# o%ld it be &ost !el'"%l to kno in order to eval%ate t!e ar#%&ent.A/ t!e total n%&ber o" do#s t!at die eac! ,ear "ro& all ca%ses taken to#et!er .1/ !et!er t!e vaccine is e""ective a#ainst t!e disease in !o%se!old 'ets ot!er t!an do#s .C/ t!e n%&ber o" do#s t!at die eac! ,ear "ro& diseases ot!er t!an t!e disease in 0%estion .3/ t!e likeli!ood t!at a do# ill contract anot!er disease s%c! as rabies .E/ t!e likeli!ood t!at an %nvaccinated do# ill contract t!e disease in 0%estion B. T!e s,&'to&s o" &ental disorders are be!avioral9 co#nitive9 or e&otional 'roble&s. So&e 'atients it! &ental disorders can be e""ectivel, treated it! 's,c!ot!era',. 1%t it is no kno n t!at in so&e 'atients &ental disorders res%lt "ro& c!e&ical i&balances a""ectin# t!e brain. T!%s t!ese 'atients can be e""ectivel, treated onl, it! &edication t!at ill red%ce or correct t!e i&balance. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Treat&ent b, 's,c!ot!era', can 'rod%ce no e""ective red%ction in or correction o" c!e&ical i&balances t!at ca%se &ental disorders. .1/ Treat&ent it! &edication al a,s s!o s "aster res%lts "or 'atients it! &ental disorders t!an does treat&ent it! 's,c!ot!era',. .C/ Most &ental disorders are not t!e res%lt o" c!e&ical i&balances a""ectin# t!e brain. .3/ Medication is al a,s &ore e""ective in treatin# 'atients it! &ental disorders t!an is 's,c!ot!era',. .E/ Treat&ent it! 's,c!ot!era', !as no e""ect on &ental disorders ot!er t!an a red%ction o" t!e s,&'to&s. Questions 9-10 C%rator: T!e decision to restore t!e cloak o" t!e central "i#%re in 4eroneses 'aintin# "ro& its 'resent red to t!e #reen "o%nd %nderneat! is "%ll, +%sti"ied. Reliable (8ra, and c!e&ical tests s!o t!at t!e red 'i#&ent as a''lied a"ter t!e 'aintin# !ad been co&'leted9 and t!at t!e red 'aint as not &i(ed in 4eroneses orks!o'. :ence it a''ears likel, t!at an artist ot!er t!an 4eronese ta&'ered it! 4eroneses 'aintin# a"ter its co&'letion. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5B

Art critic: 1%t in a co', o" 4eroneses 'aintin# &ade s!ortl, a"ter 4eronese died9 t!e cloak is red. It is !i#!l, %nlikel, t!at a co',ist o%ld !ave &ade so &a+or a c!an#e so soon a"ter 4eroneses deat!. H. T!e assertion t!at a later artist ta&'ered it! 4eroneses 'aintin# serves !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# "%nctions in t!e c%rators ar#%&ent.A/ It is t!e &ain 'oint to ard !ic! t!e ar#%&ent as a !ole is directed. .1/ It is a s%bsidiar, concl%sion t!at s%''orts t!e ar#%&ents &ain concl%sion. .C/ It is a clari"ication o" a ke, ter& o" t!e ar#%&ent. .3/ It is a 'artic%lar instance o" t!e #eneral 'osition to be de"ended. .E/ It is a reiteration o" t!e &ain 'oint t!at is &ade "or t!e sake o" e&'!asis. 1I. T!e art critics res'onse to t!e c%rator o%ld 'rovide t!e stron#est s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ T!e co', o" 4eroneses 'aintin# t!at as &ade soon a"ter t!e 'ainters deat! is indistin#%is!able "ro& t!e ori#inal. .1/ 2o 'aintin# s!o%ld be restored be"ore t!e 'aintin# is tested it! tec!nolo#icall, so'!isticated e0%i'&ent. .C/ T!e 'ro'osed restoration ill "ail to restore 4eroneses 'aintin# to t!e a''earance it !ad at t!e end o" t!e artists li"eti&e. .3/ T!e val%e o" an artists ork is not necessaril, co&'ro&ised !en t!at ork is ta&'ered it! b, later artists. .E/ 4eronese did not ori#inall, intend t!e central "i#%res cloak to be #reen. 11. Jo!n orks "ive da,s eac! eek e(ce't !en on vacation or d%rin# eeks in !ic! national !olida,s occ%r. $o%r da,s a eek !e orks in an ins%rance co&'an,D on $rida,s !e orks as a blacks&it!. Last eek t!ere ere no !olida,s9 and Jo!n as not on vacation. T!ere"ore9 !e &%st !ave orked in t!e ins%rance co&'an, on Monda,9 T%esda,9 6ednesda,9 and T!%rsda, last eek. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Jo!n never takes a vacation o" &ore t!an one eek in len#t!. .1/ Ever, da, last eek t!at Jo!n orked9 !e orked "or an entire orkda,. .C/ Jo!n does not take vacations in eeks in !ic! national !olida,s occ%r. .3/ Last eek Jo!n orked neit!er on Sat%rda, nor on S%nda,. .E/ T!ere ere no da,s last eek on !ic! Jo!n bot! orked in t!e ins%rance co&'an, and also orked as a blacks&it!. 15. A"ter several atte&'ts to distract !is ,o%n# 'arrot "ro& c!e in# on "%rnit%re9 Geor#e rel%ctantl, took an e('erts advice and #entl, !it t!e 'arrots beak !enever t!e bird started to c!e "%rnit%re. T!e bird sto''ed c!e in# "%rnit%re9 b%t it is no a"raid o" !ands and ill so&eti&es bite. Since c!e in# on t!e "%rnit%re o%ld not !ave !%rt t!e bird9 Geor#e s!o%ld not !ave !it it. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A5H

6!en Carlas '%'', esca'ed "ro& !er ,ard9 it bo%nded into a b%s, street. Alt!o%#! Carla does not #enerall, a''rove o" '!,sical disci'line9 s!e !it t!e '%'', s!ar'l, it! !er !and. 2o t!e '%'', enters t!e street onl, !en acco&'anied b, Carla9 so Carla as +%sti"ied in disci'linin# t!e '%'',. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld +%sti", t!e +%d#&ents abo%t Geor#es and Carlas actions.A/ 6!en disci'linin# an ani&al '!,sicall,9 a trainer s!o%ld %se an ob+ect s%c! as a rolled %' ne s'a'er to avoid &akin# t!e ani&al "ri#!tened o" !ands. .1/ 6!en trainin# an ani&al9 '!,sical disci'line s!o%ld be %sed onl, !en s%c! disci'line is necessar, to correct be!avior t!at co%ld res%lt in serio%s !ar& to t!e ani&al. .C/ =sin# '!,sical disci'line to train an ani&al is +%sti"ied onl, !en all alternative strate#ies "or correctin# %ndesirable be!avior !ave "ailed. .3/ F!,sical disci'line s!o%ld not be %sed on i&&at%re ani&als. .E/ F!,sical disci'line s!o%ld not be %sed b, an ani&al trainer e(ce't to correct 'ersistent be!avior 'roble&s. 1<. Mat%re !ite 'ines interce't al&ost all t!e s%nli#!t t!at s!ines on t!e&. T!e, leave a dee' litter t!at dries readil,9 and t!e, #ro to 'rodi#io%s !ei#!t so t!at9 even !en t!ere are lar#e #a's in a stand o" s%c! trees9 little li#!t reac!es t!e "orest "loor. $or t!is reason !ite 'ines cannot re#enerate in t!eir o n s!ade. T!%s9 !en in a dense "orest a stand o" trees consists o" not!in# b%t &at%re !ite 'ines9 it is a "air bet t!at;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost lo#icall, concl%des t!e ar#%&ent.A/ t!e a#es o" t!e trees in t!e stand do not di""er "ro& eac! ot!er b, &%c! &ore t!an t!e len#t! o" ti&e it takes a !ite 'ine to #ro to &at%rit, .1/ t!e land on !ic! t!e stand is no #ro in# !ad been cleared o" all trees at t!e ti&e !en t!e "irst o" t!e !ite 'ines started #ro in# .C/ co&'etition a&on# t!e trees in t!e stand "or s%nli#!t ill soon res%lt in so&e trees d,in# and t!e stand t!%s beco&in# t!inner .3/ ot!er s'ecies o" trees ill soon be#in to coloni)e t!e stand9 event%all, re'lacin# all o" t!e !ite 'ines .E/ an, di""erences in t!e !ei#!ts o" t!e trees in t!e stand are attrib%table solel, to di""erences in t!e a#es o" t!e trees 1C. Advertise&ent: A leadin# econo&ist !as deter&ined t!at a&on# 'eo'le !o %sed co&'%ters at t!eir 'lace o" e&'lo,&ent last ,ear9 t!ose !o also o ned 'ortable .>la'to'?/ co&'%ters earned 5@ 'ercent &ore on avera#e t!an t!ose !o did not. It is obvio%s "ro& t!is t!at o nin# a la'to' co&'%ter led to a !i#!er8'a,in# +ob. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# identi"ies a reasonin# error in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It atte&'ts to s%''ort a s ee'in# #enerali)ation on t!e basis o" in"or&ation abo%t onl, a s&all n%&ber o" individ%als. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<I

.1/ Its concl%sion &erel, restates a clai& &ade earlier in t!e ar#%&ent. .C/ It concl%des t!at one t!in# as ca%sed b, anot!er alt!o%#! t!e evidence #iven is consistent it! t!e "irst t!in#s !avin# ca%sed t!e second. .3/ It o""ers in"or&ation as s%''ort "or a concl%sion !en t!at in"or&ation act%all, s!o s t!at t!e concl%sion is "alse. .E/ It %ncriticall, 'ro+ects c%rrentl, e(istin# trends inde"initel, into t!e "%t%re. 1@. R!onda ill see t!e &ovie to&orro a"ternoon onl, i" Fa%l #oes to t!e concert in t!e a"ternoon. Fa%l ill not #o to t!e concert %nless Ted a#rees to #o to t!e concert. :o ever9 Ted re"%ses to #o to t!e concert. So R!onda ill not see t!e &ovie to&orro a"ternoon. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# dis'la,ed above is &ost closel, 'aralleled in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ I" Janice co&es to visit9 Mar, ill not 'a, t!e bills to&orro . Janice ill not co&e to visit %nless s!e locates a bab,sitter. :o ever9 Janice !as located a bab,sitter9 so s!e ill visit Mar,. .1/ Gar, ill do !is la%ndr, to&orro onl, i" Feter !as to #o to ork. =nless Cat!, is ill9 Feter ill not !ave to #o to ork. Since Cat!, is not ill9 Gar, ill not do !is la%ndr, to&orro . .C/ Mell, ill barbec%e "is! toni#!t i" it does not rain and t!e &arket !as "res! tro%t. Alt!o%#! t!e "orecast does not call "or rain9 t!e &arket does not !ave "res! tro%t. So Mell, ill not barbec%e "is! toni#!t. .3/ Lisa ill attend t!e "a&il, re%nion ne(t eek onl, i" one o" !er brot!ers9 Jared or Marl9 also attends. Marl ill not attend t!e re%nion9 b%t Jared ill. So Lisa ill attend t!e re%nion. .E/ Geor#e ill not #o to t!e &%se%& to&orro %nless Mark a#rees to #o. Mark ill #o to t!e &%se%& onl, i" !e can 'ost'one &ost o" !is a''oint&ents. Mark !as 'ost'oned so&e o" !is a''oint&ents9 so !e ill #o to t!e &%se%&. 1G. Frivate ind%str, is tr,in# to attract skilled researc! scientists b, o""erin# t!e& !i#! salaries. As a res%lt9 &ost researc! scientists e&'lo,ed in 'rivate ind%str, no earn @I 'ercent &ore t!an do co&'arabl, skilled researc! scientists e&'lo,ed b, t!e #overn&ent. So9 %nless #overn&ent8e&'lo,ed researc! scientists are &otivated &ore b, a sense o" '%blic d%t, t!an b, t!eir o n interests9 t!e #overn&ent is likel, to lose its &ost skilled researc! scientists to 'rivate ind%str,9 since none o" t!ese scientists o%ld !ave 'roble&s "indin# 'rivate8sector +obs. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Govern&ent researc! scientists are less likel, to receive ackno led#&ent "or t!eir researc! contrib%tions t!an are researc! scientists in t!e 'rivate sector. .1/ 2one o" t!e researc! scientists c%rrentl, e&'lo,ed b, t!e #overn&ent earns &ore t!an t!e !i#!est8'aid researc!ers e&'lo,ed in t!e 'rivate sector. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<1

.C/ T!e #overn&ent does not e&'lo, as &an, researc! scientists !o are !i#!l, skilled as does an, lar#e co&'an, in t!e 'rivate sector !ic! e&'lo,s researc! scientists. .3/ T!e #overn&ent does not 'rovide its researc! scientists it! %n%s%all, #ood orkin# conditions or "rin#e bene"its t!at &ore t!an co&'ensate "or t!e lo er salaries t!e, receive. .E/ Researc! scientists e&'lo,ed in t!e 'rivate sector #enerall, ork lon#er !o%rs t!an do researc!ers e&'lo,ed b, t!e #overn&ent. 1A. =sin# "ossil ener#, &ore e""icientl, is in t!e interest o" t!e nation and t!e #lobal environ&ent9 b%t &a+or i&'rove&ents are %nlikel, %nless 'ro'osed #overn&ent standards are i&'le&ented to eli&inate 'rod%cts or 'ractices t!at are a&on# t!e least e""icient in t!eir class. 7b+ection: 3ecisions on ener#, %se are best le"t to t!e o'eration o" t!e &arket. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost directl, %nder&ines t!e ob+ection above.A/ It o%ld be %nrealistic to e('ect societ, to &ake t!e c!an#es necessar, to ac!ieve &a(i&%& ener#, e""icienc, all at once. .1/ T!ere are 'rod%cts9 s%c! as a%to&obiles9 t!at cons%&e ener#, at a s%""icient rate t!at 'ersons !o '%rc!ase and %se t!e& ill beco&e conscio%s o" an, %n%s%al ener#, ine""icienc, in co&'arison it! ot!er 'rod%cts in t!e sa&e class. .C/ 6!enever a ne &ode o" #eneratin# ener#,9 s%c! as a ne "%el9 is introd%ced9 a n%&ber o" s%''ort s,ste&s9 s%c! as a "%el8distrib%tion s,ste&9 &%st be created or ada'ted. .3/ 6!en ener#, 'rices rise9 cons%&ers o" ener#, tend to look "or ne a,s to increase ener#, e""icienc,9 s%c! as b, addin# ins%lation to t!eir !o%ses. .E/ 7"ten t!e '%rc!aser o" a 'rod%ct9 s%c! as a landlord b%,in# an a''liance9 c!ooses on t!e basis o" '%rc!ase 'rice beca%se t!e '%rc!aser is not t!e 'erson !o ill 'a, "or ener#, %sed b, t!e 'rod%ct. 1B. 3obson: So&e !istorians clai& t!at t!e 'eo'le !o b%ilt a rin# o" stones t!o%sands o" ,ears a#o in 1ritain ere kno led#eable abo%t celestial events. T!e #ro%nd "or t!is clai& is t!at t o o" t!e stones deter&ine a line 'ointin# directl, to t!e 'osition o" t!e s%n at s%nrise at t!e s'rin# e0%ino(. T!ere are &an, stones in t!e rin#9 !o ever9 so t!e c!ance t!at one 'air ill 'oint in a celestiall, si#ni"icant direction is lar#e. T!ere"ore9 t!e 'eo'le !o b%ilt t!e rin# ere not kno led#eable abo%t celestial events. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an error o" reasonin# in 3obsons ar#%&ent.A/ T!e "ail%re o" cited evidence to establis! a state&ent is taken as evidence t!at t!at state&ent is "alse. .1/ 3obsons concl%sion lo#icall, contradicts so&e o" t!e evidence 'resented in http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<5

s%''ort o" it. .C/ State&ents t!at absol%tel, establis! 3obsons concl%sion are treated as i" t!e, &erel, #ive so&e s%''ort to t!at concl%sion. .3/ So&et!in# t!at is &erel, a &atter o" o'inion is treated as i" it ere s%b+ect to veri"ication as a &atter o" "act. .E/ 3obsons dra in# t!e concl%sion relies on inter'retin# a ke, ter& in t o di""erent a,s. 1H. 2earl, all &ail t!at is correctl, addressed arrives at its destination it!in t o b%siness da,s o" bein# sent. In "act9 correctl, addressed &ail takes lon#er t!an t!is onl, !en it is da&a#ed in transit. 7verall9 !o ever9 &ost &ail arrives t!ree b%siness da,s or &ore a"ter bein# sent. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ A lar#e 'ro'ortion o" t!e &ail t!at is correctl, addressed is da&a#ed in transit. .1/ 2o incorrectl, addressed &ail arrives it!in t o b%siness da,s o" bein# sent. .C/ Most &ail t!at arrives it!in t o b%siness da,s o" bein# sent is correctl, addressed. .3/ A lar#e 'ro'ortion o" &ail is incorrectl, addressed. .E/ More &ail arrives it!in t o b%siness da,s o" bein# sent t!an arrives bet een t o and t!ree b%siness da,s a"ter bein# sent. 5I. T!e re'ort released b, t!e interior &inistr, states t!at it!in t!e 'ast @ ,ears t!e national land8recla&ation 'ro#ra& !as res%lted in a 1H 'ercent increase in t!e a&o%nt o" arable land it!in t!e co%ntr,. I" t!ese "i#%res are acc%rate9 t!e 'ro#ra& !as been a reso%ndin# s%ccess. Senator Ar&and9 a distin#%is!ed &at!e&atician and a o&an o" indis'%table brilliance9 &aintains9 !o ever9 t!at t!e recla&ation 'ro#ra& co%ld not 'ossibl, !ave been s%ccess"%l. Clearl,9 t!ere"ore9 t!e "i#%res cited in t!e re'ort cannot be acc%rate. T!e ar#%&ent above e(!ibits an erroneo%s 'attern o" reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!at e(!ibited b, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Alberts "at!er clai&s t!at Albert does not kno !ere t!e s'are car ke,s are !idden. *esterda,9 !o ever9 Albert re'orted t!at !e !ad discovered t!e s'are car ke,s in t!e #ara#e toolbo(9 so !is "at!ers clai& cannot be tr%e. .1/ Glorias dra&a teac!er clai&s t!at !er 'olic, is to #ive eac! st%dent t!e o''ort%nit, to act in at least one 'la, d%rin# t!e ,ear b%t9 since Gloria9 !o attended ever, class9 re'orts t!at s!e as not #iven s%c! an o''ort%nit,9 t!e teac!ers clai& cannot be tr%e. .C/ A&os clai&s t!at !e can !old !is breat! %nder ater "or a "%ll !o%r. 3r. Treviso9 a cardio'%l&onar, s'ecialist9 !as stated t!at !%&ans are '!,siolo#icall, inca'able o" !oldin# t!eir breat! "or even !al" t!at lon#D so A&os clai& cannot be tr%e. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<<

.3/ Evel,n re'orts t!at s!e #ot !o&e be"ore &idni#!t. Robert9 !o al a,s kno s t!e ti&e9 insists t!at s!e did not. I" Robert is ri#!t9 Evel,n co%ld not 'ossibl, !ave listened to t!e late ne sD since s!e ad&its not !avin# listened to t!e late ne s9 !er re'ort cannot be tr%e. .E/ Moira9 a"ter observin# t!e "inis! o" t!e GI8kilo&eter bic,cle race9 re'orts t!at Lee on it! Ada&s a distant t!ird. Lo&as9 a bic,cle en#ineerin# e('ert9 insists9 !o ever9 t!at Lee co%ld not !ave on a race in !ic! Ada&s co&'etedD so Moiras re'ort cannot be tr%e. Questions !1-!! 6irt!: All e""orts to identi", a #ene res'onsible "or 'redis'osin# 'eo'le to &anic8 de'ression !ave "ailed. In "act9 nearl, all researc!ers no a#ree t!at t!ere is no >&anic8de'ression #ene.? T!ere"ore9 i" t!ese researc!ers are ri#!t9 an, clai& t!at so&e 'eo'le are #eneticall, 'redis'osed to &anic8de'ression is si&'l, "alse. C!an#: I do not dis'%te ,o%r evidence9 b%t I take iss%e it! ,o%r concl%sion. Man, o" t!e researc!ers ,o% re"er to !ave "o%nd evidence t!at a set o" several #enes is involved and t!at co&'le( interactions a&on# t!ese #enes 'rod%ce a 'redis'osition to &anic8 de'ression. 51. T!e 'oint at iss%e bet een 6irt! and C!an# is !et!er .A/ e""orts to identi", a #ene or set o" several #enes res'onsible "or 'redis'osin# 'eo'le to &anic8de'ression !ave all "ailed .1/ it is likel, t!at researc!ers ill ever be able to "ind a sin#le #ene t!at 'redis'oses 'eo'le to &anic8de'ression .C/ nearl, all researc!ers no a#ree t!at t!ere is no &anic8de'ression #ene .3/ c%rrent researc! s%''orts t!e clai& t!at no one is #eneticall, 'redis'osed to &anic8de'ression .E/ t!e e""orts &ade to "ind a #ene t!at can 'rod%ce a 'redis'osition to &anic8 de'ression ere t!oro%#! 55. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses C!an#s criticis& o" 6irt!s ar#%&ent.A/ It 'res%''oses onl, one 'ossibilit, !ere &ore t!an one e(ists. .1/ It de'ends on se'arate 'ieces o" evidence t!at contradict eac! ot!er. .C/ It relies on t!e o'inion o" e('erts in an area o%tside t!e e('erts "ield o" e('ertise. .3/ It disallo s in 'rinci'le an, evidence t!at o%ld discon"ir& its concl%sion. .E/ It treats so&et!in# t!at is &erel, %nlikel, as t!o%#! it ere i&'ossible. 5<. Garba#e d%&'s do not !ar& ildli"e. Evidence is "%rnis!ed b, t!e Masai8Mara reserve in Men,a9 !ere baboons t!at %se t!e #arba#e d%&'s on t!e reserve as a "ood so%rce &at%re "aster and !ave &ore o""s'rin# t!an do baboons on t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<C

reserve t!at do not scaven#e on #arba#e. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 casts do%bt on t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ T!e baboons t!at "eed on t!e #arba#e d%&' are o" a di""erent s'ecies "ro& t!ose t!at do not. .1/ T!e li"e e('ectanc, o" baboons t!at eat #arba#e is si#ni"icantl, lo er t!an t!at o" baboons t!at do not eat #arba#e. .C/ T!e c!olesterol level o" #arba#e8eatin# baboons is dan#ero%sl, !i#!er t!an t!at o" baboons t!at do not eat #arba#e. .3/ T!e 'o'%lation o" !,enas t!at live near %nre#%lated #arba#e land"ills nort! o" t!e reserve !as do%bled in t!e last t o ,ears. .E/ T!e rate o" birt! de"ects "or t!e baboon 'o'%lation on t!e reserve !as do%bled since t!e "irst land"ills ere o'ened. Questions !4-!5 Marianne is a 'ro"essional c!ess 'la,er !o !%&s a%dibl, !ile 'la,in# !er &atc!es9 t!ereb, distractin# !er o''onents. 6!en ordered b, c!ess o""icials to cease !%&&in# or else be dis0%ali"ied "ro& 'ro"essional c!ess9 Marianne 'rotested t!e order. S!e ar#%ed t!at since s!e as %na are o" !er !%&&in#9 !er !%&&in# as invol%ntar, and t!at t!ere"ore s!e s!o%ld not be !eld res'onsible "or it. 5C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost !el's to s%''ort Mariannes ar#%&ent a#ainst t!e order.A/ C!ess 'la,ers !o !%& a%dibl, !ile 'la,in# t!eir &atc!es s!o%ld not 'rotest i" t!eir o''onents also !%&. .1/ 7" a 'la,ers actions9 onl, t!ose t!at are vol%ntar, s!o%ld be %sed as +%sti"ication "or dis0%ali",in# t!at 'la,er "ro& 'ro"essional c!ess. .C/ A 'erson s!o%ld be !eld res'onsible "or t!ose invol%ntar, actions t!at serve t!at 'ersons interests. .3/ T,'es o" be!avior t!at are not considered vol%ntar, in ever,da, circ%&stances s!o%ld be considered vol%ntar, i" t!e, occ%r in t!e conte(t o" a 'ro"essional c!ess &atc!. .E/ C!ess 'la,ers s!o%ld be dis0%ali"ied "ro& 'ro"essional c!ess &atc!es i" t!e, re#%larl, atte&'t to distract t!eir o''onents. 5@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost %nder&ines Mariannes ar#%&ent a#ainst t!e order.A/ T!e o""icials o" c!ess !ave little or no a%t!orit, to control t!e be!avior o" its 'ro"essional 'la,ers o%tside o" &atc!es. .1/ Man, o" t!e c%sto&s o" a&ate%r c!ess &atc!es are not observed b, 'ro"essional c!ess 'la,ers. .C/ 2ot all o" a 'ersons invol%ntar, actions are actions o" !ic! t!at 'erson is %na are. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<@

.3/ A 'erson !o !%&s invol%ntaril, can easil, learn to notice it and can t!ereb, co&e to control it. .E/ 2ot all o" Mariannes o''onents are distracted b, !er !%&&in# d%rin# c!ess &atc!es. 5G. S&okin# in bed !as lon# been t!e &ain ca%se o" !o&e "ires. 3es'ite a si#ni"icant decline in ci#arette s&okin# in t!e last t o decades9 !o ever9 t!ere !as been no co&'arable decline in t!e n%&ber o" 'eo'le killed in !o&e "ires. Eac! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 over t!e last t o decades9 !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, above EECEFT: .A/ Co&'ared to ot!er t,'es o" !o&e "ires9 !o&e "ires ca%sed b, s&okin# in bed %s%all, ca%se relativel, little da&a#e be"ore t!e, are e(tin#%is!ed. .1/ :o&e "ires ca%sed b, s&okin# in bed o"ten break o%t a"ter t!e !o&es occ%'ants !ave "allen aslee'. .C/ S&okers !o s&oke in bed tend to be !eav, s&okers !o are less likel, to 0%it s&okin# t!an are s&okers !o do not s&oke in bed. .3/ An increasin# n%&ber o" 'eo'le !ave been killed in !o&e "ires t!at started in t!e kitc!en. .E/ Fo'%lation densities !ave increased9 it! t!e res%lt t!at one !o&e "ire can ca%se &ore deat!s t!an in 'revio%s decades.

TEST 25
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

1raille is a &et!od o" 'rod%cin# te(t b, &eans o" raised dots t!at can be read b, to%c!. A recent develo'&ent in tec!nolo#, ill allo "lat co&'%ter screens to be &ade o" a &aterial t!at can be !eated in 'atterns t!at re'licate t!e 'atterns %sed in 1raille. Since t!e t!er&al device ill %tili)e t!e sa&e s,&bol s,ste& as 1raille9 it "ollo s t!at an,one !o is acc%sto&ed to readin# 1raille can easil, ada't to t!e %se o" t!is electronic s,ste&. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e concl%sion de'ends.A/ 1raille is t!e onl, s,&bol s,ste& t!at can be readil, ada'ted "or %se it! t!e ne t!er&al screen. .1/ 7nl, 'eo'le !o c%rrentl, %se 1raille as t!eir sole &edi%& "or readin# te(t ill !ave t!e ca'acit, to ada't to t!e %se o" t!er&al screen. .C/ Feo'le it! t!e tactile abilit, to discri&inate s,&bols in 1raille !ave an abilit, to discri&inate si&ilar 'atterns on a "lat !eated s%r"ace. .3/ So&e s,&bol s,ste&s encode a 'iece o" te(t b, %sin# dots t!at re'licate t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<G

s!a'e o" letters o" t!e al'!abet. .E/ Event%all, it ill be 'ossible to train 'eo'le to read 1raille b, "irst trainin# t!e& in t!e %se o" t!e t!er&al screen. 5. Ma,or o" 7%terville9 a s%b%rb o" Center Cit,: 7%terville &%st #ro i" it is to s%rvive9 so9 as e !ave a#reed9 e""orts s!o%ld be &ade to attract &ore residents. T!e best strate#, "or attractin# residents is to renovate t!e train station. T!e n%&bers o" +obs in Center Cit, and o" 'eo'le !o 're"er to live in s%b%rban to ns are increasin#. 6it! t!e rise in tolls9 drivin# into t!e cit, is beco&in# &ore e('ensive t!an train travel. T!ere"ore9 'eo'le ant to live in to ns !ere train travel is convenient and 'leasant. T!e ar#%&ent leads to t!e concl%sion t!at .A/ t!e to n o" 7%terville s!o%ld attract &ore residents .1/ t!e train station in 7%terville s!o%ld be renovated .C/ residents o" 7%terville !o are in need o" ork s!o%ld look "or +obs in Center Cit, .3/ 'eo'le !o ork in Center Cit, b%t live in 7%terville s!o%ld co&&%te b, train rat!er t!an drivin# .E/ 'eo'le !o ant to live !ere train travel is convenient and 'leasant s!o%ld live in 7%terville <. Land develo'er: 1, atte&'tin# to 'reserve endan#ered s'ecies t!at ot!er ise o%ld beco&e e(tinct d%rin# o%r li"eti&e9 e are astin# &one, on s'ecies t!at ill disa''ear over ti&e re#ardless o" o%r e""orts. Faleontolo#ists !ave establis!ed t!at e(tinction is t!e nor&al "ate o" s'ecies on t!e #eolo#ical ti&e scale o" &illions o" ,ears. Environ&entalist: To clai& t!at ee s!o%ld let s'ecies disa''ear beca%se all s'ecies event%all, die o%t &akes abo%t as &%c! sense as ar#%in# t!at e s!o%ld not s'end &one, to "ind a c%re "or cancer beca%se all !%&ans are inevitabl, &ortal. T!e &et!od t!e environ&entalist %ses to ob+ect to t!e land develo'ers ar#%&ent is to .A/ clari", a dile&&a t!at is e&bedded in t!e land develo'ers ar#%&ent .1/ attack t!e c!aracter o" t!e land develo'er rat!er t!an t!e 'osition t!e land develo'er is takin# .C/ s!o t!at &ore evidence is needed to s%bstantiate t!e land develo'ers concl%sion .3/ s!o t!at t!e land develo'ers line o" reasonin# o%ld lead to an %nacce'table concl%sion i" a''lied to a di""erent sit%ation .E/ ar#%e t!at t!ere are 'roble&s t!at &one,9 !o ever +%dicio%sl, s'ent9 cannot solve

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<A

C.

Most s&all c!ildren are "lat8"ooted. T!is "ail%re o" t!e "oot to ass%&e its nat%ral arc!9 i" it 'ersists 'ast earl, c!ild!ood9 can so&eti&es res%lt in disco&"ort and even 'ain later in li"e. Traditionall,9 "lat8"ootedness in c!ildren !as been treated b, !avin# t!e c!ildren ear s'ecial s!oes t!at #ive e(tra s%''ort to t!e "oot9 in order to "oster t!e develo'&ent o" t!e arc!. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost calls into 0%estion t!e e""icac, o" t!e traditional treat&ent described above.A/ Man, s&all c!ildren !o !ave nor&al "eet ear t!e sa&e s'ecial s!oes as t!ose orn b, "lat8"ooted c!ildren. .1/ St%dies o" "lat8"ooted ad%lts s!o t!at "lat "eet are s%b+ect to "e er stress "ract%res t!an are "eet it! %n%s%all, !i#! arc!es. .C/ Alt!o%#! &ost c!ildrens "lat8"ootedness is corrected b, t!e ti&e t!e c!ildren reac! '%bert,9 so&e 'eo'le re&ain "lat8"ooted "or li"e. .3/ $lat8"ooted c!ildren !o do not ear t!e s'ecial s!oes are as likel, to develo' nat%ral arc!es as are "lat8"ooted c!ildren !o ear t!e s'ecial s!oes. .E/ So&e c!ildren !o are not "lat8"ooted !ave !i' and lo er le# bones t!at are rotated e(cessivel, eit!er in ard or o%t ard.

@.

T!e c!ances t!at tro'ical stor&s ill develo' in a #iven area increase !enever t!e te&'erat%re o" a lar#e bod, o" ater in t!at area e(ceeds 5G de#rees Celsi%s to a de't! o" abo%t GI &eters. I" t!e a&o%nt o" carbon dio(ide in t!e eart!s at&os'!ere contin%es to increase9 t!e te&'erat%res o" all o" t!e Eart!s aters ill rise9 it! t!e res%lt t!at t!e n%&ber o" lar#e bodies o" ater !ose te&'erat%res e(ceed 5G de#rees Celsi%s to a de't! o" abo%t GI &eters ill event%all, be #reater t!an it is toda,. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ T!ere are likel, to be &ore tro'ical stor&s i" t!e a&o%nt o" carbon dio(ide in t!e Eart!s at&os'!ere contin%es to increase. .1/ Tro'ical stor&s can occ%r onl, !en t!e air te&'erat%re e(ceeds 5G de#rees Celsi%s. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" lar#e bodies o" ater !ose te&'erat%res e(ceed 5G de#rees Celsi%s to a de't! o" abo%t GI &eters is #reater toda, t!an it ever as. .3/ T!e "erocit, o" tro'ical stor&s does not de'end on t!e a&o%nt o" carbon dio(ide in t!e Eart!s at&os'!ere. .E/ An, increase in t!e te&'erat%res o" t!e Eart!s oceans o%ld ca%se t!e a&o%nt o" carbon dio(ide in t!e at&os'!ere to increase as ell.

G.

Astor#as ca&'ai#n 'ro&ises are a''arentl, +%st an atte&'t to 'lease voters. 6!at s!e sa,s s!e ill do i" elected &a,or is si&'l, !at s!e !as learned "ro& o'inion 'olls t!at voters ant t!e ne &a,or to do. T!ere"ore9 voters are not http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<B

bein# told !at Astor#a act%all, intends to do i" s!e beco&es &a,or. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is a 0%estionable ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent relies.A/ I" s!e is elected &a,or9 Astor#a ill not be ca'able o" carr,in# o%t t!e ca&'ai#n 'ro&ises s!e !as &ade. .1/ T!e o'inion 'olls on !ic! Astor#as 'ro&ises are based do not acc%ratel, re"lect !at voters ant t!e ne &a,or to do. .C/ Most voters are %nlikel, to be 'ers%aded b, Astor#as ca&'ai#n 'ro&ises to vote "or !er in t!e &a,oral election. .3/ Astor#a !as no stron# o'inions o" !er o n abo%t !at t!e ne &a,or o%#!t to do in o""ice. .E/ Astor#a does not act%all, intend9 i" elected9 to do !at s!e !as learned "ro& t!e '%blic o'inion 'olls t!at voters ant t!e ne &a,or to do. A. 2e sletter "or co&&%nit,8center vol%nteers: Retired 'ersons !o re#%larl, vol%nteer t!eir ti&e to !el' ot!ers #enerall, dis'la, "e er and &ilder e""ects o" a#in# t!an t!eir nonvol%nteerin# conte&'oraries: in social reso%rces9 &ental o%tlook9 '!,sical !ealt!9 econo&ic reso%rces9 and overall "%nctionin#9 t!e, are "o%nd to be s%bstantiall, stron#er t!an nonvol%nteers. 4ol%nteerin# is o"ten described as doin# #ood orks to i&'rove t!e lives o" ot!ers. :o #ood to kno t!at t!ere is evidence t!at it can e0%all, bene"it ,o%r o n ell8bein#J T!e in"erence dra n above is %n arranted beca%se .A/ t!e center !as a sel"8interested &otive to attract ne vol%nteers .1/ it inter'rets > ell8bein#? as incl%din# t!e "actors o" social and econo&ic reso%rces9 &ental o%tlook9 '!,sical !ealt!9 and overall "%nctionin# .C/ so&e o" t!ose !o do not vol%nteer &i#!t be older t!an so&e vol%nteers and so co%ld not be considered t!eir 'eers .3/ #ro in# older &i#!t not necessaril, res%lt in a c!an#e in &ental o%tlook .E/ t!ose it! better reso%rces9 !ealt!9 o%tlook9 and "%nctionin# are &ore able to ork as vol%nteers Questions 8-9 T!e local a#ric%lt%ral o""icial #ave t!e "r%it #ro ers o" t!e 3istrict 1I $ar&ers Coo'erative a ne 'esticide t!at t!e, a''lied "or a 'eriod o" t!ree ,ears to t!eir 'ear orc!ards in 'lace o" t!e 'esticide t!e, !ad "or&erl, a''lied. 3%rin# t!ose t!ree ,ears9 t!e 'ro'ortion o" 'ears lost to insects as si#ni"icantl, less t!an it !ad been d%rin# t!e 'revio%s t!ree8,ear 'eriod. 7n t!e basis o" t!ese res%lts9 t!e o""icial concl%ded t!at t!e ne 'esticide as &ore e""ective t!an t!e old 'esticide9 at least in t!e s!ort ter&9 in li&itin# t!e loss o" certain "r%it to insects. B. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e o""icials ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ T!e a&o%nt o" "r%it t!at an orc!ard can 'otentiall, 'rod%ce de'ends in 'art http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A<H

on !o &an, &at%re trees it contains9 and t!e n%&ber o" &at%re 'ear trees in 3istrict 1I !as declined steadil, over t!e 'ast ei#!t ,ears. .1/ 3%rin# t!e 'ast "ive ,ears9 t!e "ar&ers o" t!e 3istrict 1I $ar&ers Coo'erative !ave been #rad%all, i&'le&entin# a variet, o" insect8 abate&ent 'ro#ra&s9 and so&e o" t!ese 'ro#ra&s !ave 'roven s%ccess"%l. .C/ 7ver t!e 'ast "ive ,ears9 one o" t!e several s'ecies o" birds t!at t,'icall, 're, on t!e insects t!at "eed on 'ears !as #rad%all, s!i"ted its &i#rator, 'atterns9 s'endin# &ore and &ore &ont!s eac! ,ear in t!e re#ion t!at contains 3istrict 1I. .3/ So&e o" t!e s'ecies o" insects in 3istrict 1I t!at in"est 'ear trees are ater breeders9 and t!e reservoirs and &ars!lands in t!is district !ave been s!rinkin# ra'idl, over t!e 'ast t!ree ,ears. .E/ T!e e""ects o" certain 'esticides9 incl%din# t!e 'esticide t!at !ad "or&erl, been %sed in 3istrict 1I9 are c%&%lative and 'ersist "or several ,ears a"ter t!e 'esticide is no lon#er a''lied. H. T!e o""icials concl%sion is &ost stron#l, s%''orted i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%'s o" trees did not s!o a red%ction in losses o" "r%it to insects.A/ 'eac! trees #ro n in t!e district t!at ere treated it! t!e ne 'esticide instead o" t!e old 'esticide .1/ 'eac! trees #ro n in t!e district t!at ere treated it! t!e ne 'esticide in addition to t!e old 'esticide .C/ 'ear trees #ro n in t!e district t!at ere treated it! t!e old 'esticide instead o" t!e ne 'esticide .3/ 'ear trees #ro n in nei#!borin# district t!at ere treated it! neit!er t!e old nor t!e ne 'esticide .E/ 'ear trees #ro n in a nei#!borin# district t!at ere treated it! t!e ne 'esticide instead o" t!e old 'esticide 1I. T!e onl, &otives t!at in"l%ence all !%&an actions arise "ro& sel"8interest. It is clear9 t!ere"ore9 t!at sel"8interest is t!e c!ie" in"l%ence on !%&an action. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "allacio%s beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ denies t!at an observation t!at a trait is co&&on to all t!e events in a 'attern can contrib%te to a ca%sal e('lanation o" t!e 'attern .1/ takes t!e occ%rrence o" one 'artic%lar in"l%ence on a 'atterns or classes o" events as s!o in# t!at its in"l%ence o%t ei#!s an, ot!er in"l%ence on t!ose events .C/ concl%des t!at a c!aracteristic o" 'attern or class o" events at one ti&e is c!aracteristic o" si&ilar 'atterns or classes o" events at all ti&es .3/ concl%des t!at beca%se an in"l%ence is t!e 'ara&o%nt in"l%ence on a 'artic%lar 'attern or class o" events9 t!at in"l%ence is t!e onl, in"l%ence on t!e 'attern or class o" events http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ACI

.E/ %nder&ines its o n 're&ise t!at a 'artic%lar attrib%te is 'resent in all instances o" a certain 'attern or class o" events 11. Astrono&er: Astrono&ical observatories in &an, areas !ave beco&e %seless beca%se li#!t "ro& nearb, cities obsc%res t!e stars. Man, 'eo'le ar#%e t!at since streetli#!ts are needed "or sa"et,9 s%c! inter"erence "ro& li#!ts is inevitable. :ere in Sandsville9 !o ever9 t!e local observator,s vie re&ains relativel, clear9 since t!e cit, !as restricted %nnecessar, li#!tin# and installed s'ecial street la&'s t!an direct all t!eir li#!t do n ard. It is t!ere"ore 'ossible to !ave bot! ell8 li#!ted streets and relativel, dark skies. T!e astrono&ers ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ a''ealin# to scienti"ic a%t!orit, to c!allen#e a idel, !eld belie" .1/ 0%estionin# t!e acc%rac, o" evidence #iven in s%''ort o" t!e o''osin# 'osition .C/ 'ro'osin# an alternative scienti"ic e('lanation "or a nat%ral '!eno&enon .3/ &akin# a distinction bet een ter&s .E/ o""erin# a co%ntere(a&'le to a #eneral clai& 15. M%sic critic: So&e 'eo'le ar#%e t!at9 %nlike certain orks o" :andel9 !ic! set to &%sic "a&iliar reli#io%s te(ts9 t!e or#an s,&'!onies o" Lo%is 4ierne are not reli#io%s &%sic. N%ite t!e contrar,. Sittin# in 2otre 3a&e cat!edral in Faris and !earin# !is or#an s,&'!onies de&onstrates t!at 4iernes orks are divinel, ins'ired. T!e &%sic critics reasonin# is v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nd t!at it .A/ takes "or #ranted t!at all reli#io%s &%sic is ins'irin# .1/ con"%ses t o di""erent &eanin#s o" t!e ter& >reli#io%s? .C/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at so&e or#an &%sic is not divinel, ins'ired .3/ con"%ses t o di""erent &eanin#s o" t!e ter& >s,&'!onies? .E/ takes "or #ranted t!at all or#an s,&'!onies are reli#io%s &%sic Questions 13-14 C!arles: 3%rin# recessions %ne&'lo,&ent t,'icall, rises. T!%s9 d%rin# a recession air 'oll%tion d%e to a%to&obile e(!a%st decreases9 since "e er 'eo'le co&&%te in cars to +obs and so cars e&ittin# 'oll%tants into t!e air are %sed less. 3arla: 6!, t!ink t!at air 'oll%tion o%ld decrease- 3%rin# a recession "e er 'eo'le can a""ord to b%, ne cars9 and cars tend to e&it &ore 'oll%tants as t!e, #et older. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes !o 3arlas res'onse is related to C!arless ar#%&ent.A/ It calls into 0%estion t!e tr%t! o" t!e 're&ises t!at C!arles %ses to s%''ort !is concl%sion. .1/ It &akes an additional clai& t!at can be tr%e onl, i" C!arless concl%sion is http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AC1

"alse. .C/ It 'resents an additional consideration t!at eakens t!e s%''ort #iven to C!arless concl%sion b, !is evidence. .3/ It ar#%es t!at C!arless concl%sion is tr%e9 alt!o%#! not "or !e reasons C!arles #ives to s%''ort t!at concl%sion. .E/ It 'resents an ar#%&ent s!o in# t!at t!e 're&ises in C!arless ar#%&ent s%''ort an abs%rd concl%sion t!at C!arles !as overlooked. 1C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! C!arless ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Feo'le !o !ave never been e&'lo,ed drive no less "re0%entl, d%rin# a recession t!an t!e, o%ld ot!er ise. .1/ Most air 'oll%tion is ca%sed b, a%to&obile e(!a%st e&itted b, cars %sed b, 'eo'le co&&%tin# to +obs. .C/ Most 'eo'le !o are e&'lo,ed do not %se an, "or& o" '%blic trans'ortation to co&&%te to t!eir +obs. .3/ 3%rin# a recession9 decreases in t!e %se o" cars res%ltin# "ro& red%ctions in co&&%tin# to +obs are not o""set b, increased %se o" cars "or ot!er reasons. .E/ 3%rin# a recession9 a !i#!er 'ro'ortion o" 'eo'le !o co&&%te in cars to t!eir +obs lose t!ose +obs t!an do 'eo'le !o do not %se cars to co&&%te to t!eir +obs. 1@. $or t!e condor to s%rvive in t!e ild9 its breedin# 'o'%lation &%st be #reatl, increased. 1%t beca%se onl, a "e e##s can be 'rod%ced b, a breedin# 'air over t!eir li"eti&e9 an, si#ni"icant increase in t!e n%&ber o" birds de'ends %'on &ost o" t!ese e##s !atc!in#9 !ic! is e(tre&el, %nlikel, in t!e ild d%e to environ&ental dan#ers. 7ne 'ossible a, to eli&inate t!e e""ects o" t!ese "actors is to breed t!e birds in ca'tivit, and s%bse0%entl, ret%rn t!e& to t!e ild. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e condor as a s'ecies ill event%all, beco&e e(tinct in t!e ild. .1/ T!e best a, to save t!e condor "ro& e(tinction is to breed it in ca'tivit,. .C/ It is al&ost i&'ossible to eli&inate all t!e environ&ental t!reats to t!e e##s o" condors. .3/ I" &ore condor e##s do not !atc!9 t!e condor as a s'ecies ill not s%rvive in t!e ild. .E/ T!e &ost "easible a, to save t!e condor "ro& e(tinction is to increase e## 'rod%ction. 1G. Allo in# &ore steel i&'orts o%ld de'ress do&estic steel 'rices and !ar& do&estic steel &an%"act%rers. Since t!e 'resent #overn&ent ill not do an,t!in# t!at o%ld !ar& t!e do&estic steel ind%str,9 it ill not li"t restrictions on steel http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AC5

i&'orts. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 1%ildin# constr%ction increases onl, !en 'eo'le are con"ident t!at t!e econo&, is doin# ell. T!ere"ore9 since 'eo'le are no con"ident in t!e econo&, e can e('ect b%ildin# constr%ction to increase. .1/ Since orkers are alread, #%aranteed t!e ri#!t to a sa"e and !ealt!"%l ork'lace b, la 9 t!ere is no need "or t!e #overn&ent to establis! "%rt!er costl, !ealt! re#%lations "or 'eo'le !o ork all da, at co&'%ter ter&inals. .C/ In co%ntries t!at !ave dere#%lated t!eir airline ind%str,9 &an, airlines !ave #one bankr%'t. Since &an, co&'anies in ot!er trans'ortation ind%stries are in eaker econo&ic condition t!an ere t!ose airlines9 dere#%latin# ot!er trans'ortation ind%stries ill 'robabl, res%lt in bankr%'tcies as ell. .3/ T!e c!ie" e(ec%tive o""icer o" Silicon9 Inc.9 ill 'robabl, not acce't stock in t!e co&'an, as a bon%s ne(t ,ear9 since ne(t ,ears ta( la s ill re0%ire co&'anies to 'a, a ne ta( on stock #iven to e(ec%tives. .E/ T!e installation o" bri#!t "loodli#!ts on ca&'%s o%ld render t!e astrono&, de'art&ents telesco'e %seless. T!e astrono&, de'art&ent ill not s%''ort an, 'ro'osal t!at o%ld render its telesco'e %selessD it ill t!ere"ore not s%''ort 'ro'osals to install bri#!t "loodli#!ts on ca&'%s. 1A. 6ild c!eeta!s live in t!e A"rican #rasslands. Frevio%s esti&ates o" t!e si)e t!at t!e ild c!eeta! 'o'%lation &%st be in order "or t!ese ani&als to s%rvive a nat%ral disaster in t!e A"rican #rasslands re#ion ere too s&all9 and t!e c%rrent 'o'%lation barel, &eets t!e 'revio%s esti&ates. At 'resent9 !o ever9 t!ere is not eno%#! A"rican #rassland to s%''ort a ild c!eeta! 'o'%lation lar#er t!an t!e c%rrent 'o'%lation. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions.A/ Frevio%s esti&ates o" t!e si)e o" t!e e(istin# ild c!eeta! 'o'%lation ere inacc%rate. .1/ T!e c!eeta!s nat%ral !abitat is decreasin# in si)e at a "aster rate t!an is t!e si)e o" t!e ild c!eeta! 'o'%lation. .C/ T!e 'rinci'al t!reat to t!e endan#ered ild c!eeta! 'o'%lation is neit!er 'oll%tion nor !%ntin#9 b%t a nat%ral disaster. .3/ In t!e s!ort ter&9 t!e ild c!eeta! 'o'%lation ill be inca'able o" s%rvivin# a nat%ral disaster in t!e A"rican #rasslands. .E/ In re#ions !ere land is s%itable "or c!eeta! !abitation9 &ore nat%ral disasters are e('ected to occ%r d%rin# t!e ne(t decade t!an occ%rred d%rin# t!e 'ast decade. 1B. To classi", a ok o" art as tr%l, #reat9 it is necessar, t!at t!e ok !ave bot! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AC<

ori#inalit, and "ar8reac!in# in"l%ence %'on t!e artistic co&&%nit,. T!e 'rinci'le above9 i" valid9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents.A/ 1, breakin# do n traditional sc!e&es o" re'resentation9 Ficasso rede"ined 'aintin#. It is t!is e(tre&e ori#inalit, t!at arrants !is ork bein# considered tr%l, #reat. .1/ So&e o" t!e &ost ori#inal art bein# 'rod%ced toda, is "o%nd in isolated co&&%nities9 b%t beca%se o" t!is isolation t!ese orks !ave onl, &inor in"l%ence9 and !ence cannot be considered tr%l, #reat. .C/ Certain e(a&'les o" t!e dr%&&in# 'racticed in 'arts o" A"ricas est coast e&'lo, a &%sical vocab%lar, t!at resists re'resentation in 6estern notational sc!e&es. T!is tre&endo%s ori#inalit,9 co%'led it! t!e 'ro"o%nd i&'act t!ese 'ieces are !avin# on &%sicians ever, !ere9 is eno%#! to consider t!ese orks to be tr%l, #reat. .3/ T!e 'iece o" art in t!e lobb, is clearl, not classi"ied as tr%l, #reat9 so it "ollo s t!at it "ails to be ori#inal. .E/ Since 1ac!s &%sic is tr%l, #reat9 it not onl, !as bot! ori#inalit, and a &a+or in"l%ence on &%sicians9 it !as broad 'o'%lar a''eal as ell. 1H. Fro"essor Robinson: A lar#e &eteorite i&'act crater in a certain re#ion as t!o%#!t to be t!e cl%e to e('lainin# t!e &ass e(tinction o" 'lant and ani&al s'ecies t!at occ%rred at t!e end o" t!e Meso)oic era. :o ever9 t!e cr,stalline str%ct%re o" rocks recovered at t!e site indicates t!at t!e i&'act t!at "or&ed t!is crater as not t!e c%l'rit. 6!en &olten rocks cr,stalli)e9 t!e, dis'la, t!e 'olarit, o" Eart!s &a#netic "ield at t!at ti&e. 1%t t!e recr,stalli)ed rocks recovered at t!e site dis'la, nor&al &a#netic 'olarit,9 even t!o%#! Eart!s &a#netic "ield as reversed at t!e ti&e o" t!e &ass e(tinction. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! Fro"essor Robinsons ar#%&ent de'ends EECEFT: .A/ T!e crater indicates an i&'act o" &ore t!an s%""icient si)e to !ave ca%sed t!e &ass e(tinction. .1/ T!e recovered rocks recr,stalli)ed s!ortl, a"ter t!e, &elted. .C/ 2o ot!er event ca%sed t!e rocks to &elt a"ter t!e i&'act "or&ed t!e crater. .3/ T!e recovered rocks &elted as a res%lt o" t!e i&'act t!at "or&ed t!e crater. .E/ T!e &ass e(tinction o%ld !ave occ%rred soon a"ter t!e i&'act t!at s%''osedl, ca%sed it. 5I. Fieces o" &%sic consist o" so%nds and silences 'resented to t!e listener in a te&'oral order. A 'aintin#9 in contrast9 is not 'resented one 'art at a ti&e to t!e vie erD t!ere is t!%s no 'artic%lar 'at! t!at t!e vie ers e,e &%st "ollo in order to >read? t!e 'aintin#. T!ere"ore9 an essential distinction bet een t!e e('eriences o" !earin# &%sic and o" vie in# 'aintin#s is t!at !earin# &%sic !as a te&'oral http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ACC

di&ension b%t vie in# a 'aintin# !as none. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se .A/ t!e ar#%&ent does not allo "or t!e 'ossibilit, o" bein# i&&ersed in e('eriencin# a 'aintin# it!o%t bein# conscio%s o" t!e 'assa#e o" ti&e .1/ t!e ar#%&ent is based on a ver, #eneral de"inition o" &%sic t!at does not incor'orate an, distinctions a&on# 'artic%lar st,les .C/ t!e ar#%&ent "ails to brin# o%t t!e as'ects o" &%sic and 'aintin# t!at are co&&on to bot! as "or&s o" artistic e('ression .3/ rel,in# on t!e &eta'!or o" >readin#? to c!aracteri)e !o a 'aintin# is vie ed 'res%''oses t!e correctness o" t!e concl%sion to be dra n on t!e basis o" t!at c!aracteri)ation .E/ t!e absence o" a 'artic%lar 'at! t!at t!e e,e &%st "ollo does not entail t!at t!e e,e "ollo s no 'at! 51. A st%d, o" t!e di""erence in earnin#s bet een &en and o&en in t!e co%ntr, o" 2aota "o%nd t!at t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" o&en !o are e&'lo,ed "%ll ti&e is BI 'ercent o" t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" &en !o are e&'lo,ed "%ll ti&e. :o ever9 ot!er researc! consistentl, s!o s t!at9 in 2aota9 t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" all e&'lo,ed o&en is G@ 'ercent o" t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" all e&'lo,ed &en. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" also establis!ed b, researc!9 &ost !el's e('lain t!e a''arent discre'anc, bet een t!e researc! res%lts described above.A/ In 2aota9 t!e di""erence bet een t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" all "e&ale orkers and t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" all &ale orkers !as been #rad%all, increasin# over t!e 'ast <I ,ears. .1/ In 2aota9 t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" o&en !o ork "%ll ti&e in e(actl, t!e sa&e occ%'ations and %nder e(actl, t!e sa&e conditions as &en is al&ost t!e sa&e as t!e &ens avera#e ann%al earnin#s. .C/ In 2aota9 a #ro in# 'ro'ortion o" "e&ale orkers !old "%ll8ti&e &ana#erial9 s%'ervisor,9 or 'ro"essional 'ositions9 and s%c! 'ositions t,'icall, 'a, &ore t!an ot!er t,'es o" 'ositions 'a,. .3/ In 2aota9 a lar#er 'ro'ortion o" "e&ale orkers t!an &ale orkers are 'art8 ti&e orkers9 and 'art8ti&e orkers t,'icall, earn less t!an "%ll8ti&e orkers earn. .E/ In ten ot!er co%ntries !ere t!e 'ro'ortion o" o&en in t!e ork "orce is si&ilar to t!at o" 2aota9 t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" o&en !o ork "%ll ti&e ran#es "ro& a lo o" @I 'ercent to a !i#! o" HI 'ercent o" t!e avera#e ann%al earnin#s o" &en !o ork "%ll ti&e. 55. 1iolo#ist: So&e s'ec%late t!at t!e %n%s%all, !i#! "re0%enc, o" s&all #oats "o%nd in island 'o'%lations is a res'onse to evol%tionar, 'ress%re to increase t!e n%&ber o" #oats so as to ens%re a diverse #ene 'ool. :o ever9 onl, t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AC@

re'rod%ctive s%ccess o" a trait in"l%ences its "re0%enc, in a 'o'%lation. So9 t!e onl, kind o" evol%tionar, 'ress%re t!at can red%ce t!e avera#e si)e o" t!e &e&bers o" a #oat 'o'%lation is t!at res%ltin# "ro& s&all #oats ac!ievin# #reater re'rod%ctive s%ccess t!an t!eir lar#er co%sins. T!e biolo#ists vie 9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e evol%tionar, 'ress%re to ens%re a diverse #ene 'ool co%ld !ave t!e e""ect o" increasin# t!e "re0%enc, o" a #ene "or s&all si)e. .1/ T!e %n%s%al "re0%enc, o" s&all #oats in island 'o'%lations is not a res%lt o" t!e #reater re'rod%ctive s%ccess s&all #oats 'ossess !en s'ace is li&ited. .C/ Contrar, to !at so&e believe9 lar#e #oats ac!ieve #reater re'rod%ctive s%ccess t!an s&all #oats even !en s'ace is li&ited. .3/ T!e evol%tionar, 'ress%re to ens%re diverse #ene 'ool does not !ave t!e e""ect o" increasin# t!e "re0%enc, o" a #ene "or s&all si)e. .E/ A diverse #ene 'ool cannot be ac!ieved in a #oat 'o'%lation %nless t!e avera#e si)e o" its &e&bers is red%ced. 5<. Several care"%ll, cond%cted st%dies s!o ed t!at H@ 'ercent o" strict ve#etarians reac!ed a#e @I it!o%t develo'in# serio%s !eart disease. 6e can concl%de "ro& t!is t!at avoidin# &eat increases ones c!ances o" avoidin# serio%s !eart disease. T!ere"ore9 'eo'le !o ant to red%ce t!e risk o" serio%s !eart disease s!o%ld not eat &eat. T!e "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# e(!ibited b, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar to t!at e(!ibited b, t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e &a+orit, o" 'eo'le !o re#%larl, drive over t!e s'eed li&it ill beco&e involved in tra""ic accidents. To avoid !ar& to 'eo'le !o do not drive over t!e s'eed li&it9 e s!o%ld !ire &ore 'olice o""icers to en"orce t!e s'eed la s. .1/ St%dies !ave s!o n t!at ci#arette s&okers !ave a #reater c!ance o" inc%rrin# !eart disease t!an 'eo'le !o do not s&oke. Since ci#arette s&okin# increases ones c!ances o" inc%rrin# !eart disease9 'eo'le !o ant to tr, to avoid !eart disease s!o%ld #ive %' ci#arette s&okin#. .C/ T!e &a+orit, o" 'eo'le !o re#%larl, drink co""ee e('erience dental 'roble&s in t!e latter 'art o" t!eir lives. Since t!ere is t!is correlation bet een drinkin# co""ee and inc%rrin# dental 'roble&s9 t!e #overn&ent s!o%ld &ake co""ee less accessible to t!e #eneral '%blic. .3/ St%dies s!o t!at 'eo'le !o do not e(ercise re#%larl, !ave a s!orter li"e e('ectanc, t!an t!ose !o e(ercise re#%larl,. To !el' increase t!eir 'atients li"e e('ectanc,9 doctors s!o%ld reco&&end re#%lar e(ercise to t!eir 'atients. .E/ Most 'eo'le !o e(ercise re#%larl, are able to !andle stress. T!is s!o s t!at e(ercisin# re#%larl, decreases ones c!ances o" bein# over !el&ed b, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ACG

stress. So 'eo'le !o ant to be able to !andle stress s!o%ld re#%larl, en#a#e in e(ercise. 5C. Mr. 2ance: Ms. C!an said t!at s!e retired "ro& N%ad Cities Cor'oration9 and !ad received a atc! and a onder"%l 'art, as t!anks "or !er CI ,ears o" lo,al service. 1%t I over!eard a collea#%e o" !ers sa, t!at Ms. C!an ill be #one "or &%c! o" t!e ne(t ,ear on b%siness tri's and is no orkin# !arder t!an s!e ever did be"oreD t!at does not so%nd like retire&ent to &e. At least one o" t!e& is not tellin# t!e tr%t!. M. 2ances reasonin# is "la ed beca%se it .A/ is based in 'art on !earsa, .1/ critici)es Ms. C!an rat!er t!an t!e clai&s s!e &ade .C/ dra s a concl%sion based on e0%ivocal lan#%a#e .3/ "ails to consider t!at Ms. C!ans collea#%e &a, !ave been deceived b, !er .E/ "ails to in"er t!at Ms. C!an &%st be a 'erson o" s%'erior c!aracter9 #iven !er lon# lo,al service 5@. A recent s%rve, s!o ed t!at @I 'ercent o" 'eo'le 'olled believe t!at elected o""icials s!o%ld resi#n i" indicted "or a cri&e9 !ereas <@ 'ercent believe t!at elected o""icials s!o%ld resi#n onl, i" t!e, are convicted o" a cri&e. T!ere"ore9 &ore 'eo'le believe t!at elected o""icials s!o%ld resi#n i" indicted t!an believe t!at t!e, s!o%ld resi#n i" convicted. T!e reasonin# above is "la ed beca%se it .A/ dra s a concl%sion abo%t t!e 'o'%lation in #eneral based onl, on a sa&'le o" t!at 'o'%lation .1/ con"%ses a s%""icient condition it! a re0%ired condition .C/ is based on an a&bi#%it, o" one o" its ter&s .3/ dra s a concl%sion abo%t a s'eci"ic belie" based on res'onses to 0%eries abo%t t o di""erent s'eci"ic belie"s .E/ contains 're&ises t!at cannot all be tr%e SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Advertise&ent: A&on# 'o'%lar a%to&obiles9 St%rdi&ades stand a'art. Aro%nd t!e orld9 !%ndreds o" lon#ti&e St%rdi&ade o ners !ave si#ned %' "or St%rdi&ades >lon# distance? cl%b9 &e&bers o" !ic! &%st !ave a St%rdi&ade t!e, !ave driven "or a total o" at least 1II9III &iles or 1GI9III kilo&eters. So&e &e&bers boast o" !avin# driven t!eir St%rdi&ades "or a total o" <II9III &iles .CBI9III kilo&eters/. Clearl,9 i" ,o% b%, a St%rdi&ade ,o% can rel, on bein# able to drive it "or a ver, lon# distance. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ACA

Constr%ed as an ar#%&ent9 t!e advertise&ents reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ It dra s a #eneral concl%sion "ro& cases selected onl, on t!e basis o" !avin# a c!aracteristic t!at "avors t!at concl%sion. .1/ Its concl%sion &erel, restates t!e evidence #iven to s%''ort it. .C/ It "ails to clari", in !ic! o" t o 'ossible a,s an a&bi#%o%s ter& is bein# %sed in t!e 're&ises. .3/ T!e evidence #iven to s%''ort t!e concl%sion act%all, %nder&ines t!at concl%sion. .E/ It treats 'o'%lar o'inion as i" it constit%ted concl%sive evidence "or a clai&. 5. $aced it! a "inancial crisis9 ='land =niversit,s board o" tr%stees red%ced t!e b%d#et "or t!e %niversit,s co&'%ter center "ro& last ,ears LC &illion to L1.@ &illion "or t!e co&in# ,ear. :o ever9 t!e center cannot o'erate on less t!an L5.@ &illion. Since t!e board cannot divert "%nds "ro& ot!er 'ro#ra&s to t!e co&'%ter center9 t!ere is no a, t!at t!e center can be ke't o'eratin# "or t!e co&in# ,ear. T!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent is 'ro'erl, dra n i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ T!e co&'%ter center did not %se all o" t!e LC &illion t!at as b%d#eted to it last ,ear. .1/ T!e b%d#ets o" ot!er 'ro#ra&s at t!e %niversit, ere also red%ced. .C/ T!e co&'%ter center !as no so%rce o" "%nds ot!er t!an t!ose b%d#eted to it "or t!e co&in# ,ear b, t!e %niversit,s board o" tr%stees. .3/ 2o "%nds "ro& an, 'ro#ra& at t!e %niversit, can be diverted to ot!er 'ro#ra&s. .E/ T!e board o" tr%stees at t!e %niversit, val%e ot!er 'ro#ra&s at t!e %niversit, &ore !i#!l, t!an t!e, do t!e co&'%ter center. Questions 3-4 M%riel: I ad&ire $avillas novels9 b%t s!e does not deserve to be considered a #reat riter. T!e 'oint is t!at9 no &atter !o distinctive !er st,le &a, be9 !er s%b+ect &atter is si&'l, not varied eno%#!. Jo!n: I t!ink ,o% are ron# to %se t!at criterion. A #reat riter does not need an, diversit, in s%b+ect &atterD !o ever9 a #reat riter &%st at least !ave t!e abilit, to e('lore a 'artic%lar t!e&e dee'l,. <. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'oint at iss%e bet een M%riel and Jo!n.A/ !et!er $avilla !as treated a ide variet, o" s%b+ects in !er novels .1/ !et!er $avilla s!o%ld be considered a #reat riter beca%se !er st,le is distinctive .C/ !et!er treatin# a variet, o" s%b+ects s!o%ld be 'rere0%isite "or so&eone to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ACB

be considered a #reat riter .3/ !et!er t!e n%&ber o" novels t!at a novelist !as ritten s!o%ld be a "actor in +%d#in# !et!er t!at novelist is #reat .E/ !et!er t!ere are &an, novelists !o are considered to be #reat b%t do not deserve to be so considered C. Jo!ns state&ents co&&it !i& to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'osition.A/ Even i" t!e s%b+ect &atter in $avillas ritin#s is not 'artic%larl, varied9 s!e s!o%ld not t!ereb, be e(cl%ded "ro& bein# considered a #reat riter. .1/ Even i" $avilla cannot e('lore an, 'artic%lar t!e&e dee'l, in !er ritin#s9 s!e s!o%ld not t!ereb, be e(cl%ded "ro& bein# considered a #reat riter. .C/ I" $avilla !as e('lored so&e 'artic%lar t!e&e e(ce'tionall, dee'l, in !er ritin#s9 s!e deserves to be considered a #reat riter. .3/ I" t!e s%b+ect &atter in $avillas ritin#s ere e(ce'tionall, varied9 s!e o%ld not deserve to be considered a #reat riter. .E/ I" $avillas ritin#s s!o no evidence o" a distinctive st,le9 s!e does not deserve to be considered a #reat riter. @. Astrona%t: An, &oon9 b, de"inition9 orbits so&e 'lanet in a solar s,ste&. So9 t!e &oons in solar s,ste& SC all orbit t!e 'lanet Al'!a. T!e astrona%ts concl%sion "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ T!ere is onl, one &oon in SC. .1/ Ever, &oon in SC orbits t!e sa&e 'lanet. .C/ Al'!a is t!e onl, 'lanet in SC. .3/ Ever, 'lanet in SC is orbited b, &ore t!an one &oon. .E/ T!ere is at least one &oon t!at orbits Al'!a. G. A orker "or a 'o er co&'an, tri&s t!e branc!es o" trees t!at over!an# 'o er lines as a 'revention a#ainst da&a#e to t!e lines antici'ated beca%se o" t!e i&'endin# stor&, season. T!e orker reasons t!at t!ere ill be no need "or !er to tri& t!e over!an#in# branc!es o" a certain tree beca%se t!e o ners o" t!e tree !ave indicated t!at t!e, &i#!t c%t it do n an, a,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# decisions is based on "la ed reasonin# t!at is &ost si&ilar to t!e orkers "la ed reasonin#.A/ A ell ins'ector !as a li&ited a&o%nt o" ti&e to ins'ect t!e ells o" a to n. T!e ins'ector reasons t!at t!e ells s!o%ld be ins'ected in t!e order o" &ost %sed to least %sed9 beca%se t!ere &i#!t not be eno%#! ti&e to ins'ect t!e& all. .1/ All se a#e and inco&in# ater 'i'es in a !o%se &%st be re'laced. T!e 'l%&ber reasons t!at t!e c!ea'er 'ol,vin,l c!loride 'i'es s!o%ld be %sed "or se a#e rat!er t!an co''er 'i'es9 since t!e &one, saved &i#!t be %sed http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ACH

to re'lace orn "i(t%res. .C/ A &ec!anic &%st re'lace t!e orn brakes on a co&'an,s vans t!at are %sed eac! eekda,. T!e &ec!anic reasons t!at since one o" t!e vans is tentativel, sc!ed%led to be +%nked9 !e ill not !ave to re'lace its brakes. .3/ A candidate decides to ca&'ai#n in t!e areas o" t!e cit, !ere t!e &ost ne votes are concentrated. T!e candidate reasons t!at ca&'ai#nin# on ot!er areas is %nnecessar, beca%se in t!ose areas t!e candidates &essa#e is act%all, liable to alienate voters. .E/ 2one o" t!e c!ildren in a certain kinder#arten class ill take res'onsibilit, "or t!e cra,on dra in# on t!e classroo& all. T!e teac!er reasons t!at it is best to kee' all t!e kinder#arten c!ildren in d%rin# recess in order to be certain to '%nis! t!e one !o did t!e dra in# on t!e all. A. C%rrentl,9 t!e cit, o" Gri&c!ester is liable "or an, in+%r, inc%rred beca%se o" a cit, side alk in need o" re'air or &aintenance. :o ever9 Gri&c!esters side alks are so e(tensive t!at it is i&'ossible to !ire eno%#! e&'lo,ees to locate and eli&inate ever, 'otential dan#er in its side alks. Govern&ents s!o%ld be liable "or in+%ries inc%rred on '%blic 'ro'ert, onl, i" t!e, kne abo%t t!e dan#er be"ore!and and ne#li#entl, "ailed to eli&inate it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# describes an in+%r, "or !ic! t!e cit, o" Gri&c!ester is no liable9 b%t s!o%ld not be accordin# to t!e 'rinci'le cited above.A/ A 'erson is in+%red a"ter tri''in# on a badl, %neven cit, side alk9 and t!e cit, ad&inistration !ad been re'eatedl, in"or&ed o" t!e need to re'air t!e side alk "or several ,ears. .1/ A 'erson is in+%red a"ter tri''in# over a s!o''in# ba# t!at so&eone !ad le"t l,in# in t!e &iddle o" t!e side alk. .C/ A 'erson is in+%red a"ter ste''in# in a lar#e !ole in a cit, side alk9 and t!e cit, ad&inistration !ad "irst learned o" t!e need to re'air t!at side alk &in%tes be"ore. .3/ A 'erson !o is !eavil, into(icated is in+%red a"ter "allin# on a 'er"ectl, even cit, side alk it! no visible de"ects. .E/ A 'erson ridin# a bic,cle on a cit, side alk is in+%red a"ter s ervin# to avoid a 'edestrian !o !ad alked in "ront o" t!e bic,cle it!o%t lookin#. B. Earl, in t!e develo'&ent o" a ne 'rod%ct line9 t!e critical reso%rce is talent. 2e &arketin# vent%res re0%ire a de#ree o" &ana#erial skill dis'ro'ortionate to t!eir s!ort8ter& reven%e 'ros'ects. =s%all,9 !o ever9 talented &ana#ers are assi#ned onl, to establis!ed !i#!8reven%e 'rod%ct lines and9 as a res%lt9 &ost ne &arketin# vent%res "ail. Contrar, to c%rrent 'ractice9 t!e best &ana#ers in a co&'an, s!o%ld be assi#ned to develo'&ent 'ro+ects. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e a%t!ors ar#%&ent.A/ 7n avera#e9 ne vent%res %nder t!e direction o" &ana#ers at e(ec%tive level http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@I

s%rvive no lon#er t!an t!ose &ana#ed b, lo er8rankin# &ana#ers. .1/ $or &ost establis!ed co&'anies9 t!e develo'&ent o" ne 'rod%ct lines is a relativel, s&all 'art o" t!e co&'an,s total e('endit%re. .C/ T!e &ore talented a &ana#er is9 t!e less likel, !e or s!e is to be interested in %ndertakin# t!e develo'&ent o" a ne 'rod%ct line. .3/ T!e c%rrent reven%e and 'ro"itabilit, o" an establis!ed 'rod%ct line can be &aintained even i" t!e co&'an,s best &ana#ers are assi#ned else !ere. .E/ Earl, s!ort8ter& reven%e 'ros'ects o" a ne 'rod%ct line are %s%all, a #ood 'redictor o" !o s%ccess"%l a 'rod%ct line ill %lti&atel, be. H. Television ne s covera#e #ives vie ers a sense o" direct involve&ent it! c%rrent events b%t does not 'rovide t!e de't! o" covera#e needed "or t!e si#ni"icance o" t!ose events to be a''reciated. 2e s'a'ers9 on t!e ot!er !and9 'rovide de't! o" covera#e b%t no sense o" direct involve&ent. =n"ort%natel,9 a "%ll %nderstandin# o" c%rrent events re0%ires bot! an a''reciation o" t!eir si#ni"icance and a sense o" direct involve&ent it! t!e&. T!ere"ore9 since "e 'eo'le seek o%t ne s so%rces ot!er t!an ne s'a'ers and television9 "e 'eo'le ever "%ll %nderstand c%rrent events. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ treats t o t!in#s9 neit!er one o" !ic! can 'la%sibl, be seen as e(cl%din# t!e ot!ers9 as t!o%#! t!e, ere &%t%all, e(cl%sive .1/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at 'eo'le read ne s'a'ers or atc! television "or reasons ot!er t!an #ainin# a "%ll %nderstandin# o" c%rrent events .C/ &akes cr%cial %se o" t!e ter& >de't! o" covera#e? it!o%t de"inin# it .3/ "ails to consider t!e 'ossible disadvanta#es o" !avin# a sense o" direct involve&ent it! tra#ic or violent events .E/ &istakenl, reasons t!at +%st beca%se so&et!in# !as t!e ca'acit, to 'er"or& a #iven "%nction it act%all, does so 1I. Critic: So&e riters !ave 0%estioned Stalins sanit, d%rin# !is last ,ears. T!e, t,'icall, c!aracteri)ed !is vindictiveness and secrec, as >'aranoia? and >&orbid s%s'icio%sness9? t!e latter al&ost a standard ter& a''lied b, t!e Soviet riters %nder glasnost to e('lain t!is e(traordinar, &ans &isdeeds. 1%t Stalins cr%elt, and devio%sness are not &ore a''arent d%rin# t!ose ,ears t!an in earlier 'eriods o" !is r%le. >Morbid s%s'icio%sness? !as to be a c!aracteristic o" t,rants. 6it!o%t it t!e, o%ld not re&ain lon# in 'o er. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses a 'oint o" disa#ree&ent bet een t!e critic and t!e riters.A/ !et!er Stalin s!o%ld be !eld #%ilt, o" t!e cr%el deeds attrib%ted to !i& .1/ !et!er Stalins cr%el &isdeeds 'rovide evidence o" &orbid s%s'icio%sness .C/ !et!er it is Stalins state o" 'aranoia or rat!er !is cr%elt, t!at #ives t!e stron#er reason "or do%btin# !is sanit, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@1

.3/ !et!er t,rann, tends to lead to cr%elt, .E/ !et!er it as Stalins 's,c!olo#ical state or rat!er !is 'olitical condition t!at as t!e 'ri&ar, ca%se o" !is cr%el &isdeeds 11. Even t!o%#! a'es are t!e onl, non!%&an creat%res able to learn !%&an lan#%a#e9 no a'e !as ever %sed its !%&an lan#%a#e skills to ask s%c! '!iloso'!ical 0%estions as9 >:o a& I di""erent "ro& all creat%res-? T!ere"ore9 '!iloso'!ical t!o%#!t is %ni0%e to !%&ans. T!e concl%sion in t!e 'assa#e above relies on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ :%&an lan#%a#e is %ni0%e to !%&ans. .1/ A'es are inca'able o" t!inkin# in !%&an lan#%a#e. .C/ F!iloso'!ical t!o%#!t can be e('ressed onl, in !%&an lan#%a#e. .3/ S'eakin# in !%&an lan#%a#e is easier t!an t!inkin# in !%&an lan#%a#e. .E/ It is &ore di""ic%lt to learn !%&an lan#%a#e t!an to e('ress '!iloso'!ical 0%estions. 15. Most ad%lts in co%ntr, E cons%&e an increasin# a&o%nt o" "at as t!e, #ro older. :o ever9 "or nearl, all ad%lts in co%ntr, E9 t!e 'ercenta#e o" "at in a 'ersons diet sta,s t!e sa&e t!ro%#!o%t ad%lt li"e. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sions abo%t ad%lts in co%ntr, E.A/ T!e, #enerall, cons%&e &ore "at t!an do 'eo'le o" t!e sa&e a#e in ot!er co%ntries. .1/ T!e, #enerall, eat &ore !en t!e, are older t!an t!e, did earlier in t!eir ad%lt!ood. .C/ T!e, #enerall, !ave diets t!at contain a lo er 'ercenta#e o" "at t!an do t!e diets o" c!ildren in co%ntr, E. .3/ T!e, tend to eat &ore varied kinds o" "ood as t!e, beco&e older. .E/ T!e, tend to lose ei#!t as t!e, beco&e older. 1<. Folitician: T!e bill t!at &akes %sin# car '!ones !ile drivin# ille#al s!o%ld be ado'ted. M, s%''ort o" t!is bill is &otivated b, a concern "or '%blic sa"et,. =sin# a car '!one serio%sl, distracts t!e driver9 !ic! in t%rn 'oses a t!reat to sa"e drivin#. Feo'le o%ld be deterred "ro& %sin# t!eir car '!ones !ile drivin# i" it ere ille#al to do so. T!e ar#%&ents &ain concl%sion "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ T!e &ore attention one 'a,s to drivin#9 t!e sa"er a driver one is. .1/ T!e onl, a, to red%ce t!e t!reat to '%blic sa"et, 'osed b, car '!ones is t!ro%#! le#islation. .C/ So&e distractions inter"ere it! ones abilit, to sa"el, o'erate an a%to&obile. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@5

.3/ An, 'ro'osed la t!at o%ld red%ce a t!reat to '%blic sa"et, s!o%ld be ado'ted. .E/ Car '!one %se b, 'assen#ers does not distract t!e driver o" t!e car. 1C. 6!en soil is 'lo ed in t!e s'rin#9 'i# eed seeds t!at !ave been b%ried in t!e soil all inter are c!%rned %' to t!e s%r"ace and rede'osited +%st %nder t!e s%r"ace. T!e brie" e('os%re o" t!e seeds to s%nli#!t sti&%lates rece'tors9 !ic! !ave beco&e !i#!l, sensitive to s%nli#!t d%rin# t!e &ont!s t!e seeds ere b%ried in t!e soil9 and t!e sti&%lated rece'tors tri##er #er&ination. 6it!o%t t!e 'rolon#ed darkness9 "ollo ed b, e('os%re to s%nli#!t9 t!e seeds do not #er&inate. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents abo%t a "ield t!at ill be 'lo ed in t!e s'rin# and in !ic! 'i# eed seeds !ave been b%ried in t!e soil all inter.A/ $e er 'i# eed 'lants ill #ro in t!e "ield i" it is 'lo ed onl, at ni#!t t!an i" it is 'lo ed d%rin# t!e da,. .1/ $e er 'i# eed 'lants ill #ro in t!e "ield i" it is not 'lo ed at all t!an i" it is 'lo ed onl, at ni#!t. .C/ $e er 'i# eed 'lants ill #ro in t!e "ield i" it is 'lo ed +%st be"ore s%nrise t!an i" it is 'lo ed +%st a"ter s%nset. .3/ T!e 'i# eed seeds t!at are c!%rned %' to t!e s%r"ace o" t!e soil d%rin# t!e 'lo in# ill not #er&inate %nless t!e, are rede'osited %nder t!e s%r"ace o" t!e soil. .E/ All o" t!e 'i# eed seeds t!at are alread, on t!e s%r"ace o" t!e soil be"ore t!e "ield is 'lo ed ill #er&inate. 1@. In 1HH59 t!ere ere over 5@I resc%es o" &o%ntain cli&bers9 costin# t!e #overn&ent al&ost < &illion dollars. More t!an 5@ 'eo'le died in cli&bin# &is!a's t!at ,ear. Man, ne cli&bers enter t!e s'ort eac! ,ear. Me&bers o" a task "orce !ave 'ro'osed a bondin# arran#e&ent re0%irin# all cli&bers to 'ost a lar#e s%& o" &one, to be "or"eited to t!e #overn&ent in case o" cala&it,. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 s%''orts t!e task "orce &e&bers 'ro'osal EECEFT: .A/ Ta('a,ers s!o%ld not s%bsidi)e a "reel, c!osen !obb, and at!letic endeavor o" individ%als. .1/ T!e #overn&ent is obli#ed to take &eas%res to deter 'eo'le "ro& riskin# t!eir lives. .C/ $or '!,sicall, risk, s'orts t!e #overn&ent s!o%ld iss%e 'er&its onl, to 'eo'le !o !ave !ad at least &ini&al trainin# in t!e s'ort. .3/ Citi)ens !o %se '%blicl, s%bsidi)ed resc%e services s!o%ld be re0%ired to 'a, &ore to ard t!e cost o" t!ese services t!an citi)ens !o do not. .E/ Feo'le !o en#a#e in '!,sicall, risk, be!avior t!at is not essential to an,ones el"are s!o%ld be !eld res'onsible "or t!e cost o" treatin# an, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@<

res%ltin# in+%ries. 1G. T!e "a&iliar slo#an >s%rvival o" t!e "ittest? is 'o'%larl, %sed to e('ress t!e clai&9 o"ten &istakenl, attrib%ted to evol%tionar, biolo#ists9 t!at t!e "ittest are &ost likel, to s%rvive. :o ever9 biolo#ists %se t!e ter& >"ittest? to &ean >&ost likel, to s%rvive are t!e &ost likel, to s%rvive9? so t!e slo#an is &erel, clai&in# t!at t!e &ost likel, to s%rvive are t!e &ost likel, to s%rvive. 6!ile t!is clai& is clearl, tr%e9 it is a ta%tolo#, and so is neit!er in"or&ative nor o" scienti"ic interest. T!e ar#%&ent above de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ All clai&s t!at are o" scienti"ic interest are in"or&ative. .1/ 7nl, clai&s t!at are tr%e are o" scienti"ic interest. .C/ Fo'%lar slo#ans are seldo& in"or&ative or o" scienti"ic interest. .3/ In"or&ative scienti"ic clai&s cannot %se ter&s in t!e a, t!e, are 'o'%larl, %sed. .E/ T!e tr%t! o" a '%r'orted scienti"ic clai& is not s%""icient "or it to be o" scienti"ic interest. 1A. Co%ncil &e&ber: T!e 'reservation o" individ%al 'ro'ert, ri#!ts is o" t!e %t&ost i&'ortance to t!e cit, co%ncil. *et9 in t!is cit,9 'ro'ert, o ners are restricted to little &ore t!an c%ttin# #rass and eedin#. An,t!in# &ore e(tensive9 s%c! as re&odelin#9 is 'ro!ibited b, o%r )onin# la s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rovides a resol%tion to t!e a''arent inconsistenc, described b, t!e co%ncil &e&ber.A/ Fro'ert, o ners are so&eti&es allo ed e(e&'tions "ro& restrictive )onin# la s. .1/ It is in t!e best interest o" 'ro'ert, o ners to &aintain c%rrent la s in order to 'revent an increase in t!eir 'ro'ert, ta(es. .C/ T!e cit, co%ncil 'laces less i&'ortance on 'ro'ert, ri#!ts t!an do 'ro'ert, o ners. .3/ An individ%als 'ro'ert, ri#!ts &a, be in"rin#ed %'on b, ot!er 'eo'le alterin# t!eir o n 'ro'ert,. .E/ Qonin# la s ens%re t!at 'ro'ert, ri#!ts are not overl, e(tensive. 1B. Coac!: 7%r tea& !as o"ten been critici)ed "or o%r ent!%sias& in res'onse to bot! o%r s%ccesses and o%r o''onents "ail%res. 1%t t!is be!avior is !ardl, %n'ro"essional9 as o%r critics !ave clai&ed. 7n t!e contrar,9 i" one looks at t!e 'ro"essionals in t!is s'ort9 one ill "ind t!at t!e, are even &ore e""%sive. 7%r critics s!o%ld leave t!e tea& alone and let t!e 'la,ers en+o, t!e #a&e. T!e coac!s ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to t!e c!ar#e t!at it .A/ &isleadin#l, e0%ates ent!%sias& it! %net!ical 'la, .1/ &isinter'rets t!e critics clai& t!at t!e tea& is %n'ro"essional http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@C

.C/ too 0%ickl, #enerali)es "ro& t!e s'ort at one level to t!e s'ort at a di""erent level .3/ s!i"ts t!e bla&e "or t!e tea&s be!avior to 'ro"essional 'la,ers .E/ takes ever,one on t!e tea& to !ave 'er"or&ed t!e actions o" a "e 1H. S'eaker: Conte&'orar, b%siness "ir&s need to reco#ni)e t!at avoidin# social res'onsibilit, leads to t!e #rad%al erosion o" 'o er. T!is is 3avis and 1lo&stro&s Iron La o" Res'onsibilit,: >In t!e lon# r%n9 t!ose !o do not %se 'o er in a &anner !ic! societ, considers res'onsible ill tend to lose it.? T!e la s a''lication to !%&an instit%tions certainl, stands con"ir&ed b, !istor,. T!o%#! t!e >lon# r%n? &a, re0%ire decades or even cent%ries in so&e instances9 societ, %lti&atel, acts to red%ce 'o er !en societ, t!inks it is not bein# %sed res'onsibl,. T!ere"ore9 a b%siness t!at is!es to retain its 'o er as lon# as it can &%st act res'onsibl,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e s'eakers ar#%&ent.A/ Govern&ent instit%tions are as s%b+ect to t!e Iron La o" Res'onsibilit, as b%siness instit%tions. .1/ F%blic relations 'ro#ra&s can ca%se societ, to consider an instit%tion sociall, res'onsible even !en it is not. .C/ T!e 'o er o" so&e instit%tions erodes &ore slo l, t!an t!e 'o er o" ot!ers9 !et!er t!e, are sociall, res'onsible or not. .3/ Since no instit%tion is eternal9 ever, b%siness ill event%all, "ail. .E/ So&e b%sinesses t!at !ave %sed 'o er in sociall, res'onsible a,s !ave lost it. 5I. It o%ld be ron# to concl%de t!at a 'erson !as a /tre0to$o$$us in"ection i" t!ere is no ot!er evidence t!an t!e "act t!at /tre0to$o$$us bacilli are 'resent in t!e 'ersons t!roatD a"ter all9 in"ection does not occ%r %nless t!e !ost is '!,sicall, r%n do n. T!e reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar to t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ 6!en a 'erson e('eriences bl%rred vision9 it does not "ollo t!at a '!,sical de"ect in t!e 'ersons e,es is t!e ca%se9 since bl%rrin# o" a 'ersons vision also can be ind%ced b, certain dr%#s. .1/ Even i" a !ealt!, lavender 'lant receives si( or &ore !o%rs o" direct s%nli#!t eac! da,9 one cannot 'redict on t!at basis alone t!at t!e 'lant ill bloo&9 beca%se lavender re0%ires bot! si( or &ore !o%rs o" s%nli#!t 'er da, and sli#!tl, alkaline soil to bloo&. .C/ 6!en a bee colon, "ails to s%rvive t!e inter9 it o%ld be ron# to concl%de t!at lo te&'erat%res ere t!e ca%ses. 1ees !ave ver, #ood de"ense &ec!anis&s a#ainst e(tre&e cold9 !ic! are desi#ned to ens%re s%rvival o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@@

t!e colon,9 t!o%#! not o" individ%al bees. .3/ A "e&ale !oll, 'lant cannot 'rod%ce berries it!o%t a &ale 'lant nearb, to 'rovide 'ollen. 1%t it does not "ollo t!at t o or &ore &ale !ollis in t!e vicinit, ill ca%se a "e&ale 'lant to bear &ore berries t!an it o%ld it! onl, a sin#le &ale !oll, nearb,. .E/ A 'erson cannot be 'res%&ed to be !,'ertensive on t!e basis o" a !i#! readin# "or blood 'ress%re t!at is e(ce'tional "or t!at 'erson9 since onl, 'eo'le it! c!ronicall, !i#! blood 'ress%re are 'ro'erl, called !,'ertensive. 51. Terr,: So&e actions considered to be bad b, o%r societ, !ave "avorable conse0%ences. 1%t an action is #ood onl, i" it !as "avorable conse0%ences. So9 so&e actions considered to be bad b, o%r societ, are act%all, #ood. Fat: I a#ree it! ,o%r concl%sion9 b%t not it! t!e reasons ,o% #ive "or it. So&e #ood actions act%all, do not !ave "avorable conse0%ences. 1%t no actions considered to be bad b, o%r societ, !ave "avorable conse0%ences9 so ,o%r concl%sion9 t!at so&e actions o%r societ, considers bad are act%all, #ood9 still !olds. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# correctl, describes bot! an error in Terr,s reasonin# and an error in Fats reasonin#.A/ 'res%''osin# t!at i" a certain 'ro'ert, distin#%is!es one t,'e o" action "ro& anot!er t,'e o" action9 t!en t!at 'ro'ert, is one o" &an, 'ro'erties distin#%is!in# t!e t o t,'es o" action .1/ 'res%''osin# t!at i" &ost actions o" a certain t,'e s!are a certain 'ro'ert,9 t!en all actions o" t!at t,'e s!are t!at 'ro'ert, .C/ 'res%''osin# t!at i" a certain 'ro'ert, is s!ared b, actions o" a certain t,'e in a #iven societ,9 t!en t!at 'ro'ert, is s!ared b, actions o" t!at t,'e in ever, societ, .3/ 'res%''osin# t!at i" an actions !avin# a certain 'ro'ert, is necessar, "or its bein# a certain t,'e o" action9 t!en !avin# t!at 'ro'ert, is s%""icient "or bein# t!at t,'e o" action .E/ 'res%''osin# t!at i" a certain 'ro'ert, is s!ared b, t o t,'es o" action9 t!en t!at 'ro'ert, is t!e onl, 'ro'ert, distin#%is!in# t!e t o t,'es o" action "ro& actions o" ot!er t,'es 55. 3inosa%r e('ert: So&e 'aleontolo#ists !ave clai&ed t!at birds are descendants o" a #ro%' o" dinosa%rs called dro&eosa%rs. T!e, a''eal to t!e "ossil record9 !ic! indicates t!at dro&eosa%rs !ave c!aracteristics &ore si&ilar to birds t!an do &ost dinosa%rs. 1%t t!ere is a "atal "la in t!eir ar#%&entD t!e earliest bird "ossils t!at !ave been discovered date back tens o" &illions o" ,ears "art!er t!an t!e oldest kno n dro&eosa%r "ossils. T!%s t!e 'aleontolo#ists clai& is "alse. T!e e('erts ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#-

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GMAT & LSAT CR

A@G

.A/ :avin# si&ilar c!aracteristics is not a si#n t!at t,'es o" ani&als are evol%tionaril, related. .1/ 3ro&eosa%rs and birds co%ld !ave co&&on ancestors. .C/ Mno led#e o" dro&eosa%r "ossils and t!e earliest bird "ossils is co&'lete. .3/ Mno n "ossils indicate t!e relative dates o" ori#in o" birds and dro&eosa%rs. .E/ 3ro&eosa%rs are dissi&ilar to birds in &an, si#ni"icant a,s. Questions !3-!4 Fart, s'okes'erson: T!e o''osition 'art,s 'ro'osal to sti&%late econo&ic activit, in t!e 'rovince b, re"%ndin# LGII &illion in 'rovincial ta(es to ta('a,ers9 !o co%ld be e('ected to s'end t!e &one,9 envisions an ill%sor, bene"it. Since t!e 'rovinces b%d#et is re0%ired to be in balance9 eit!er ne ta(es o%ld be needed to &ake %' t!e s!ort"all9 in !ic! case t!e '%r'ose o" t!e re"%nd o%ld be de"eated9 or else orkers "or t!e 'rovince o%ld be dis&issed. So eit!er t!e 'rovinces ta('a,ers or its orkers9 !o are also residents o" t!e 'rovince9 ill !ave t!e LGII &illion to s'end9 b%t t!ere can be no res%ltin# net increase in s'endin# to sti&%late t!e 'rovinces econo&,. 5<. T!e s'okes'erson 'roceeds b, .A/ reinter'retin# a ter& t!at is central to an o''osin# ar#%&ent .1/ ar#%in# t!at a 'redicted advanta#e o%ld be o""set b, an acco&'an,in# disadvanta#e .C/ castin# do%bt on t!e &otives o" o''onents .3/ dra in# a distinction bet een di""erent kinds o" econo&ic activit, .E/ seekin# to s!o t!at t!e ass%&'tion t!at ta('a,ers o%ld s'end &one, t!at &i#!t be re"%nded to t!e& is d%bio%s 5C. T!e concl%sion abo%t !et!er t!ere o%ld be a res%ltin# net increase in s'endin# o%ld not "ollo i" t!e .A/ ta('a,ers o" t!e 'rovince o%ld s'end o%tside t!e 'rovince at least L<II &illion o" an, LGII &illion re"%nded to t!e& .1/ ta('a,ers o" t!e 'rovince o%ld receive an, re"%nd in 'artial 'a,&ents d%rin# t!e ,ear rat!er t!an in a l%&' s%& .C/ 'rovince co%ld assess ne ta(es in a a, t!at o%ld avoid an#erin# ta('a,ers .3/ 'rovince co%ld instead o" re"%ndin# t!e &one,9 sti&%late its econo&, b, redirectin# its s'endin# to %se t!e LGII &illion "or constr%ction 'ro+ects creatin# +obs aro%nd t!e 'rovince .E/ 'rovince co%ld kee' its orkers and %se t!e& &ore e""ectivel, it! a res%ltin# savin#s o" LGII &illion in its o%t8o"8'rovince e('endit%res 5@. Essa,ist: Ever, contract ne#otiator !as been lied to b, so&eone or ot!er9 and !oever lies to an,one is 'racticin# dece'tion. 1%t9 o" co%rse9 an,one !o !as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@A

been lied to !as also lied to so&eone or ot!er. I" t!e essa,ists state&ents are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ Ever, contract ne#otiator !as 'racticed dece'tion. .1/ 2ot ever,one !o 'ractices dece'tion is l,in# to so&eone. .C/ 2ot ever,one !o lies to so&eone is 'racticin# dece'tion. .3/ 6!oever lies to a contract ne#otiator !as been lied to b, a contract ne#otiator. .E/ 6!oever lies to an,one is lied to b, so&eone. 5G. A &e&ber o" t!e 1ritis! Farlia&ent is re'%ted to !ave said9 >T!e "irst '%r'ose o" #ood social re"or& is to increase t!e s%& total o" !%&an !a''iness. So9 an, re"or& !ic! &akes so&ebod, !a'', is ac!ievin# its '%r'ose. Since t!e re"or& I 'ro'ose o%ld &ake &, constit%ents !a'',9 it is a #ood social re"or&.? 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent attrib%ted to t!e &e&ber o" Farlia&ent.A/ 3i""erent t!in#s &ake di""erent 'eo'le !a'',. .1/ T!e 'ro'osed re"or& o%ld &ake a "e 'eo'le !a'',9 b%t o%ld not increase t!e !a''iness o" &ost ot!er 'eo'le. .C/ T!e 'ro'osed re"or& o%ld a""ect onl, t!e &e&ber o" Farlia&ents constit%ents and o%ld &ake t!e& !a'',. .3/ Increasin# so&e 'eo'les !a''iness &i#!t not increase t!e s%& total o" !%&an !a''iness i" ot!ers are &ade %n!a'',. .E/ Good social re"or&s %s%all, !ave ides'read s%''ort.

TEST 26
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Anita: Since 1HGI t!e s'otted o l 'o'%lation !as declined alar&in#l,. Ti&ber co&'anies t!at !ave been clearin# t!e old8#ro t! "orests !ere t!e s'otted o l lives are res'onsible "or t!is. Jean: 2o9 t!e s'otted o ls decline is d%e not to t!e ti&ber co&'anies b%t a rival s'ecies. $or t!e 'ast t!ree decades9 t!e &ore 'roli"ic barred o l !as been &ovin# steadil, into t!e s'otted o l !abitat and re'lacin# t!e s'otted o l. Jean does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in !er res'onse to Anita.A/ denies t!e tr%t! o" Anitas 're&ise t!at ti&ber co&'anies !ave been clearin# old8#ro t! "orests http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

A@B

.1/ c!allen#es Anitas ass%&'tion t!at t!e decline in t!e 'o'%lation o" t!e s'otted o l 'oses a t!reat to t!e s'ecies contin%ed s%rvival .C/ 'ro'oses an alternative e('lanation "or t!e decline in t!e s'otted o l 'o'%lation .3/ ar#%es t!at Anitas concl%sion is not valid beca%se s!e !as "ailed to consider t!e s'otted o l 'o'%lation over a lon# eno%#! ti&e 'eriod .E/ s%##est t!at Anita overlooked t!e 'ossibilit, t!at s'otted o ls are able to live in "orests t!at are old8#ro t! "orests Questions !-3 4eterinarian: A disease o" '%rebred race!orses t!at is ca%sed b, a #enetic de"ect 'revents a""licted !orses "ro& racin# and can ca%se 'aral,sis and deat!. So&e !orse breeders concl%de t!at beca%se t!e disease can !ave s%c! serio%s conse0%ences9 !orses it! t!e de"ect s!o%ld not be bred. 1%t t!e, are ron# beca%se9 in &ost cases9 t!e severit, o" t!e disease can be controlled b, diet and &edication and t!e de"ect also 'rod%ces !orses o" e(tre&e bea%t, t!at are in #reat de&and in t!e !orse s!o ind%str,. 5. T!e 'oint o" t!e veterinarians res'onse to t!e !orse breeders is &ost acc%ratel, e('ressed b, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Race!orses t!at !ave t!e #enetic de"ect need not be 'revented "ro& racin#. .1/ T!ere s!o%ld not be an absol%te ban on breedin# race!orses t!at !ave t!e #enetic de"ect. .C/ Race!orses t!at are severel, a""licted it! t!e disease !ave not been 'rovided it! t!e 'ro'er diet. .3/ T!e best a, to 'rod%ce race!orses o" e(tre&e bea%t, is to breed !orses t!at !ave t!e #enetic de"ect. .E/ T!ere s!o%ld be no 'ro!ibition a#ainst breedin# race!orses t!at !ave an, disease t!at can be controlled b, diet and e(ercise. <. T!e veterinarians ar#%&ent e&'lo,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# tec!ni0%es.A/ callin# into 0%estion t!e &otives o" t!e !orse breeders cited .1/ de&onstratin# t!at t!e !orse breeders concl%sion is inconsistent it! t!e evidence advanced to s%''ort it .C/ 'rovidin# evidence t!at contradicts t!e !orse breeders evidence .3/ dis'%tin# t!e acc%rac, o" evidence on !ic! t!e !orse breeders ar#%&ent de'ends .E/ introd%cin# considerations t!at lead to a concl%sion di""erent "ro& t!at o" t!e !orse breeders ar#%&ent C. Folitical scientist: T!e conce't o" "reedo& is !o'elessl, va#%e. An, de"inition o" "reedo& ill eit!er e(cl%de so&e acts t!at int%itivel, 0%ali", as "ree or ad&it

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GMAT & LSAT CR

A@H

so&e acts t!at int%itivel, "all o%tside t!e conce't. T!e notion o" +%stice9 "airness9 and e0%alit, are e0%all, indeter&inate. T!is is !, 'olitical or#ani)ation s!o%ld be disavo ed as "%tile. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is 0%estionable beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ #enerali)es "ro& an %nre'resentative sa&'le to ever, 'olitical idea .1/ &akes t!e %ns%''orted clai& t!at t!e conce't o" "reedo& is !o'elessl, va#%e .C/ i#nores t!e "act t!at so&e 'eo'le vie "reedo& as indis'ensable .3/ "ails to s!o an, s'eci"ic link bet een t!e va#%eness o" conce'ts s%c! as "reedo& and t!e re+ection o" 'olitical or#ani)ation .E/ is &o%nted b, so&e !o !as vested interest in t!e re+ection o" 'olitical or#ani)ation @. A recent 'assed la re0%ires all 'laces o" '%blic acco&&odation to eli&inate discri&ination a#ainst 'ersons it! disabilities b, re&ovin# all '!,sical barriers to accessibilit,. Frivate sc!ools9 t!ere"ore9 are le#all, obli#ated to &ake t!eir ca&'%ses '!,sicall, accessible to 'ersons it! disabilities. T!e concl%sion above "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ 2o 'rivate sc!ool can le#all, den, ad&ission to a 'erson it! a disabilit,. .1/ Frivate sc!ools !ave !istoricall, been resistant to c!an#es in #overn&ent 'olic, on discri&ination. .C/ Frivate sc!ools9 like '%blic sc!ools9 are 'laces o" '%blic acco&&odation. .3/ Frivate sc!ools !ave eno%#! "%nds to &ake t!eir ca&'%ses barrier8"ree. .E/ Frivate 'ro'ert, is o"ten considered to be '%blic s'ace b, #ro%'s t!at !ave !istoricall, been s%b+ects o" discri&ination. G. Fre!istoric c!i&'an)ee s'ecies %sed tools si&ilar to t!ose %sed b, 're!istoric !%&ans: 're!istoric tools recentl, "o%nd in East A"rica are o" a t,'e %sed b, bot! s'ecies. T!e area !ere t!e tools ere "o%nd9 !o ever9 is a savanna9 and !ereas t!ere ere 're!istoric !%&ans !o lived in savanna !abitats9 're!istoric c!i&'an)ees lived onl, in "orests. T!ere"ore9 t!e tools &%st !ave been %sed b, !%&ans rat!er t!an c!i&'an)ees. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Fre!istoric !%&ans did not carr, t!eir tools it! t!e& !en t!e, traveled "ro& one 'lace to anot!er. .1/ Since t!e evol%tion o" t!e "irst 'ri&ates9 East A"rica !as been 'redo&inantl, savanna. .C/ Fre!istoric !%&ans never vent%red into areas o" t!e "orest t!at ere in!abited b, 're!istoric c!i&'an)ees. .3/ T!e area !ere t!e tools ere "o%nd as not a "orest at t!e ti&e t!e tools ere in %se. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AGI

.E/ T!e 're!istoric ancestors o" &odern c!i&'an)ees ere not ca'able o" %sin# tools &ore so'!isticated t!an t!ose "o%nd recentl, in East A"rica. A. Co&'%ters 'er"or& actions t!at are closer to t!inkin# t!an an,t!in# non8!%&an ani&als do. 2%t co&'%ters do not !ave volitional 'o ers9 alt!o%#! so&e non8 !%&an ani&als do. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ :avin# volitional 'o ers need not involve t!inkin#. .1/ T!in#s t!at are not ani&als do not !ave volitional 'o ers. .C/ Co&'%ters 'ossess none o" t!e attrib%tion o" livin# t!in#s. .3/ It is necessar, to !ave volitional 'o ers in order to t!ink. .E/ Co&'%ter ill never be able to t!ink as !%&an bein#s do. B. T!e cater'illar o" t!e &onarc! b%tter"l, "eeds on &ilk eed 'lants9 !ose to(ins &ake t!e ad%lt &onarc! 'oisono%s to &an, 'redators. T!e vicero, b%tter"l,9 !ose cater'illars do not "eed on &ilk eed 'lants9 is ver, si&ilar in a''earance to t!e &onarc!. T!ere"ore9 it can be considered t!at t!e vicero, is so seldo& 're,ed on beca%se o" its vis%al rese&blance to t!e &onarc!. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" it ere discovered to be tr%e9 o%ld &ost serio%sl, %nder&ine t!e ar#%&ent.A/ So&e 'redators do not !ave a to(ic reaction to insects t!at "eed on &ilk eed 'lants. .1/ 1ein# to(ic to 'redators ill not 'rotect individ%al b%tter"lies %nless &ost &e&bers o" t!e s'ecies to !ic! s%c! b%tter"lies belon# are si&ilarl, to(ic. .C/ So&e o" t!e 'redators o" t!e &onarc! b%tter"l, also 're, on vicero,s. .3/ T!e vicero, b%tter"l, is to(ic to &ost 'redators. .E/ To(ic to 'redators is t!e 'rinci'al &eans o" 'rotection "or onl, a "e b%tter"l, s'ecies. H. Ever, action !as conse0%ences and a&on# t!e conse0%ences o" an, action are ot!er actions. And kno in# !et!er an action is #ood re0%ires kno in# !et!er its conse0%ences are #ood9 b%t e cannot kno t!e "%t%re9 so #ood actions are i&'ossible. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ So&e actions !ave onl, ot!er actions as conse0%ences. .1/ 6e can kno t!at 'ast actions ere #ood. .C/ To kno t!at an action is #ood re0%ires kno in# t!at re"rainin# "ro& 'er"or&in# it is bad. .3/ 7nl, actions can be t!e conse0%ences o" ot!er actions. .E/ $or an action to be #ood e &%st be able to kno t!at it is #ood. 1I. All brid#es b%ilt "ro& 1H@I to 1HGI are in serio%s need o" re!abilitation. So&e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AG1

brid#es constr%cted in t!is 'eriod9 !o ever9 ere b%ilt accordin# to "a%lt, en#ineerin# desi#n. T!at is t!e bad ne s. T!e #ood ne s is t!at at least so&e brid#es in serio%s need o" re!abilitation are not s%s'ension brid#es9 since no s%s'ension brid#es are a&on# t!e brid#es t!at ere b%ilt accordin# to "a%lt, en#ineerin# desi#n. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!en9 on t!e basis o" t!ose state&ents9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st be tr%e.A/ So&e s%s'ension brid#es are not in serio%s need o" re!abilitation. .1/ So&e s%s'ension brid#es are in serio%s need o" re!abilitation. .C/ So&e brid#es t!at ere b%ilt accordin# to "a%lt, en#ineerin# desi#n are in serio%s need o" re!abilitation. .3/ So&e brid#es b%ilt "ro& 1H@I to 1HGI are not in serio%s need o" re!abilitation. .E/ So&e brid#es t!at ere b%ilt accordin# to "a%lt, en#ineerin# desi#n are not brid#es ot!er t!an s%s'ension brid#es. 11. A severe blo to t!e !ead can ca%se one to lose conscio%snessD "ro& t!is so&e 'eo'le in"er t!at conscio%sness is a 'rod%ct o" t!e brain and cannot s%rvive bodil, deat!. 1%t a radio t!at beco&es da&a#ed &a, s%ddenl, cease to broadcast t!e 'ro#ra& it !ad been receivin#9 and e do not concl%de "ro& t!is t!at t!e 'ro#ra& itsel" !as ceased to e(ist. Si&ilarl,9 &ore s%bstantial evidence o%ld be needed to concl%de t!at conscio%sness does not s%rvive bodil, deat!. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes t!e role 'la,ed in t!e ar#%&ent b, t!e e(a&'le o" t!e da&a#ed radio.A/ It is cited as evidence t!at conscio%sness does in "act s%rvive bodil, deat!. .1/ It is cited as a co%ntere(a&'le to a idel, acce'ted belie" abo%t t!e nat%re o" conscio%sness. .C/ It is cited as a case analo#o%s to loss o" conscio%sness in !ic! 'eo'le do not dra t!e sa&e sort o" concl%sion t!at so&e 'eo'le dra abo%t conscio%sness. .3/ It is cited as t!e 'ri&ar, 'iece o" evidence "or t!e concl%sion t!at t!e relations!i' o" conscio%sness to t!e brain is analo#o%s to t!at o" a radio 'ro#ra& to t!e radio t!at receives it. .E/ It is cited as an e(a&'le o" a case in !ic! so&et!in# consistin# '%rel, o" ener#, de'ends on t!e e(istence o" so&et!in# &aterial to 'rovide evidence o" its e(istence. 15. Folitical t!eorist: T!e vast &a+orit, o" co%ntries t!at !ave a sin#le 'olitical 'art, !ave corr%'t national #overn&ents9 b%t so&e co%ntries it! a 'l%ralit, o" 'arties also !ave corr%'t national #overn&ents. 6!at all co%ntries it! corr%'t national #overn&ents !ave in co&&on9 !o ever9 is t!e eakness o" local #overn&ents. I" all o" t!e 'olitical t!eorists state&ents are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AG5

&%st also be tr%e.A/ Ever, co%ntr, it! eak local #overn&ent !as a sin#le 'olitical 'art,. .1/ So&e co%ntries it! local #overn&ents !ave a 'l%ralit, o" 'olitical 'arties. .C/ So&e co%ntries it! eak local #overn&ents do not !ave corr%'t national #overn&ents. .3/ T!e &a+orit, o" co%ntries it! eak local #overn&ents !ave a sin#le 'olitical 'art,. .E/ $e er &%lti'art, co%ntries t!an sin#le 'art, co%ntries !ave eak local #overn&ents. 1<. Co&&ittee &e&ber: 6e s!o%ld not vote to '%t at t!e to' o" t!e &ilitar,s c!ain o" co&&and an individ%al !ose !istor, o" e(cessive drinkin# is s%c! t!at t!at 'erson o%ld be barred "ro& co&&andin# a &issile in#9 a bo&ber s0%adron9 or a contin#ent o" "i#!ter +ets. Leaders!i' &%st be establis!ed "ro& t!e to' do n. T!e co&&ittee &e&bers ar#%&ent con"or&s &ost closel, to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ 2o one !o o%ld be barred "ro& i&'ortant +obs in an or#ani)ation s!o%ld lead t!at or#ani)ation. .1/ 6!oever leads an or#ani)ation &%st !ave served at ever, level in t!e or#ani)ation. .C/ 6!oever leads an or#ani)ation &%st be 0%ali"ied to !old eac! i&'ortant +ob in t!e or#ani)ation. .3/ 2o one !o drinks e(cessivel, s!o%ld !old a leaders!i' 'osition an, !ere alon# t!e &ilitar,s c!ain o" co&&and. .E/ 2o one !o cannot co&&and a &issile in# s!o%ld be at t!e to' o" t!e &ilitar,s c!ain o" co&&and. Questions 14-15 Mi&: In nort!ern E%ro'e d%rin# t!e ei#!teent! cent%r, a c!an#e o" attit%de occ%rred t!at "o%nd e('ression bot! in t!e ado'tion o" less sole&n and elaborate deat! rites b, t!e 'o'%lation at lar#e and in a &ore o'ti&istic vie o" t!e !%&an condition as artic%lated b, '!iloso'!ers. T!is c!an#e can be e('lained as t!e res%lt o" a dra&atic increase in li"e e('ectanc, t!at occ%rred in nort!ern E%ro'e earl, in t!e ei#!teent! cent%r,. Lee: *o%r e('lanation see&s %nlikel,9 beca%se it co%ld not be correct %nless t!e 'eo'le o" t!e ti&e ere a are t!at t!eir li"e e('ectanc, !ad increased. 1C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e stron#est de"ense o" Mi&s e('lanation a#ainst Lees criticis&.A/ An increase in li"e e('ectanc, in a 'o'%lation o"ten #ives rise to econo&ic c!an#es t!at9 in t%rn9 directl, in"l%ence 'eo'les attit%des.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AG<

.1/ Fresent da, 's,c!olo#ists !ave noted t!at 'eo'les attit%de to ard li"e can c!an#e in res'onse to in"or&ation abo%t t!eir li"e e('ectanc,. .C/ F!iloso'!ers in nort!ern E%ro'e d%rin# t!e ei#!teent! cent%r, &ade &an, con+ect%res t!at did not a""ect t!e ideas o" t!e 'o'%lation at lar#e. .3/ T!e conce't o" li"e e('ectanc, is based on statistical t!eories t!at !ad not been develo'ed in t!e ei#!teent! cent%r,. .E/ 1e"ore t!e ei#!teen cent%r, t!e attit%des o" nort!ern E%ro'eans ere &ore likel, to be deter&ined b, reli#io%s teac!in# t!an b, de&o#ra'!ic '!eno&ena. 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes Lees criticis& o" Mi&s e('lanation.A/ It re"ers to so%rces o" additional data t!at cannot easil, be reconciled it! t!e "acts. .1/ It o""ers an alternative e('lanation t!at is e0%all, s%''orted b, t!e evidence Mi& cites. .C/ It cites an analo#o%s case in !ic! Mi&s e('lanation clearl, cannot !old. .3/ It s%##ests t!at Mi&s e('lanation de'ends on a 0%estionable ass%&'tion. .E/ It 'oints o%t t!at Mi&s e('lanation is based on t o !,'ot!eses t!at contradict eac! ot!er. 1G. So&e !ealt! o""icials are concerned abo%t t!e c%rrent s%stained increase in re'orted deat!s "ro& alco!ol8related conditions9 attrib%tin# t!is increase to a rise in alco!olis&. 6!at t!ese !ealt! o""icials are overlookin#9 !o ever9 is t!at attit%des to ard alco!olis& !ave c!an#ed radicall,. Alco!olis& is no idel, vie ed as a disease9 !ereas in t!e 'ast it as considered a &oral "ailin#. It is t!ere"ore likel, t!at &ore deat!s are bein# re'orted as alco!ol8related beca%se '!,sicians are &ore likel, to identi", t!ese deat!s as alco!ol8related. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e "re0%ent %se o" alco!ol b, ,o%n# 'eo'le is bein# re'orted as occ%rrin# at increasin#l, earl, a#e. .1/ In so&e 'laces and ti&es9 s%sce'tibilit, to an, kind o" disease !as been vie ed as a &oral "ailin#. .C/ More '!,sicians no t!an in t!e 'ast are trained to reco#ni)e t!e '!,sical e""ects o" alco!olis&. .3/ Even t!o%#! alco!olis& is considered to be disease9 &ost doctors reco&&end 's,c!olo#ical co%nselin# and s%''ort #ro%'s as t!e best treat&ent. .E/ Man, !ealt! o""icials are not '!,sicians. 1A. St%dies s!o t!at t!e &ost creative en#ineers #et t!eir best and &ost %se"%l ideas onl, a"ter doodlin# and +ottin# do n !at t%rn o%t to be o%tlandis! ideas. 2o http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AGC

t!at &an, en#ineers do t!eir ork it! co&'%ters instead o" on 'a'er9 !o ever9 doodlin# is beco&in# &%c! less co&&on9 and so&e e('erts "ear t!at t!e res%lt ill be "e er creative and %se"%l en#ineerin# ideas. T!ese e('erts ar#%e t!at t!is %ndesirable conse0%ence o%ld be avoided i" co&'%ter 'ro#ra&s "or en#ineerin# ork incl%ded si&%lated note'ads t!at o%ld allo en#ineers to s%s'end t!eir >serio%s? ork on t!e co&'%ter9 t,'e %' o%tlandis! ideas9 and t!en 0%ickl, ret%rn to t!eir ori#inal ork. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e e('erts reasonin# de'ends.A/ Most creative en#ineers !o ork it! 'a'er and 'encil s'end abo%t as &%c! ti&e doodlin# as t!e, s'end on !at t!e, consider serio%s ork. .1/ Si&%lated note'ads o%ld not be %sed b, en#ineers "or an, '%r'ose ot!er t!an t,'in# %' o%tlandis! ideas. .C/ 2o en#ineers !o ork it! co&'%ters kee' 'a'er and 'encil near t!eir co&'%ters in order to doodle and +ot do n ideas. .3/ T!e '!,sical act o" orkin# on 'a'er is not essential in 'rovidin# en#ineers it! t!e bene"its t!at can be #ained b, doodlin#. .E/ Most o" t!e o%tlandis! ideas en#ineers +ot do n !ile doodlin# are later incor'orated into 'ro+ects t!at !ave 'ractical a''lications. 1B. Col%&nist: T!e advent o" television !el's to e('lain !, t!e #ro t! in !o&icide rates in %rban areas be#an si#ni"icantl, earlier t!an t!e #ro t! in !o&icide rates in r%ral areas. Television sets beca&e 'o'%lar in %rban !o%se!olds abo%t "o%r ,ears earlier t!an in r%ral !o%se!olds. =rban !o&icide rates be#an increasin# in 1H@B9 abo%t "o%r ,ears earlier t!an a si&ilar increase in r%ral !o&icide rates be#an. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost s%''ort t!e col%&nists ar#%&ent.A/ In 'laces !ere t!e n%&ber o" violent television 'ro#ra&s is lo 9 t!e !o&icide rates are also lo . .1/ T!e 'ortra,al o" violence on television is a ca%se9 not an e""ect o" t!e violence in societ,. .C/ T!ere ere no violent television 'ro#ra&s d%rin# t!e earl, ,ears o" television. .3/ T!e earlier one is e('osed to violence on television9 t!e &ore 'ro"o%nd t!e e""ect. .E/ Increasin# ones a&o%nt o" leis%re ti&e increases ones inclination to act violentl,. 1H. Even in ancient ti&es9 s'eciali)ed "ar&s ."ar&s t!at #ro a sin#le t,'e o" cro' or livestock/ e(isted onl, !ere t!ere ere lar#e co&&ercial &arkets "or "ar& 'rod%cts9 and s%c! &arkets 'res%''ose %rban 'o'%lations. T!ere"ore t!e e(tensive r%ins in t!e arc!aeolo#ical site at Madis!i& are 'robabl, t!e re&ains o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AG@

a lar#el, %nin!abited cere&onial str%ct%re rat!er t!an o" a densel, 'o'%lated cit,9 since t!e land in t!e re#ion o" Mads!i& co%ld never !ave s%''orted an, "ar&s e(ce't &i(ed "ar&s9 !ic! #ro a variet, o" cro's and livestock. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an error o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ takin# t!e "act t!at so&et!in# is tr%e o" one sa&'le o" a class o" t!in#s as evidence t!at t!e sa&e is tr%e o" t!e entire class o" t!in#s .1/ takin# t!e none(istence o" so&et!in# as evidence t!at a necessar, 'recondition "or t!at t!in# also did not e(ist .C/ inter'retin# an a&bi#%o%s clai& in one a, in one 'art o" t!e ar#%&ent and in anot!er a, in anot!er 'art o" t!e ar#%&ent .3/ s%''osin# t!at beca%se t o t!in#s %s%all, occ%r in con+%nction it! one anot!er9 one o" t!e& &%st be t!e ca%se o" t!e ot!er .E/ dra in# a concl%sion t!at is si&'l, a restate&ent o" one o" t!e 're&ises on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent is based 5I. It !as been "o%nd t!at +ob 'ros'ects "or colle#e #rad%ates !ave never been better. T!e trend is likel, to contin%e over t!e ne(t decade. A recent s%rve, "o%nd t!at &ost e&'lo,ers si&'l, did not kno t!at t!e n%&ber o" st%dents #rad%atin# o%ld dro' b, 5@ 'ercent over t!e 'ast ten ,ears9 and !ad not antici'ated or 'lanned "or t!is trend. Most e&'lo,ers ere not a are t!at9 alt!o%#! t!e s%''l, o" #rad%ates c%rrentl, &eets de&and9 t!is sit%ation co%ld c!an#e. T!e sa&e s%rve, revealed t!at t!e n%&ber o" %nder#rad%ates c!oosin# to st%d, s%b+ects in !i#! de&and9 like &at!e&atics and en#ineerin#9 !as dro''ed s%bstantiall,. T!is trend is likel, to contin%e over t!e ne(t decade. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can 'ro'erl, be concl%ded "ro& t!e 'assa#e above.A/ Soon9 &ore #rad%ates are likel, to be co&'etin# "or "e er +obs. .1/ Soon9 t!ere is likel, to be a s!orta#e o" #rad%ates to "ill certain vacancies. .C/ E&'lo,ers are a are o" c!an#in# trends in s%b+ects st%died b, %nder#rad%ates. .3/ Soon9 "e er #rad%ates are likel, to be co&'etin# "or "e er available +obs. .E/ E&'lo,ers !o are ell8in"or&ed abo%t "%t%re trends !ave antici'ated and 'lanned "or t!e&. 51. T!e cities o" 7ldto n and S'oonville are t!e sa&e in area and si)e o" 'o'%lation. Since certain !ealt! 'roble&s t!at are ca%sed b, cro ded livin# conditions are ides'read in 7ldto n9 s%c! 'roble&s &%st be as ides'read in S'oonville. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e ar#%&ent .A/ 'res%''oses it!o%t arrant t!at t!e !ealt! 'roble&s t!at are ides'read in an, 'artic%lar cit, cannot be ca%sed b, t!e livin# conditions in t!at cit, .1/ "ails to distin#%is! bet een t!e si)e o" t!e total 'o'%lation o" a cit, and t!e si)e o" t!e #eo#ra'!ic re#ion covered b, t!at cit, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AGG

.C/ "ails to indicate !et!er avera#e li"e e('ectanc, is lo ered as a res%lt o" livin# in cro ded conditions .3/ "ails to distin#%is! bet een t!ose !ealt! 'roble&s t!at are easil, treatable and t!ose are not .E/ "ails to take into acco%nt t!at !avin# identical overall 'o'%lation densit, is consistent it! #reat dis'arit, in livin# conditions 55. S!ortl, a"ter t!e Fersian G%l" 6ar9 investi#ators re'orted t!at t!e area9 !ic! !ad been s%b+ected to !%ndreds o" s&ok, oil "ires and deliberate oil s'ills !en re#%lar oil 'rod%ction slo ed do n d%rin# t!e ar9 dis'la,ed less oil conta&ination t!an t!e, !ad itnessed in 're ar s%rve,s o" t!e sa&e area. T!e, also re'orted t!at t!e levels o" 'ol,c,clic aro&atic !,drocarbons .FA:s/K%sed as a &arker o" co&b%stion 'rod%cts s'e ed "ro& oil ells i#nited d%rin# t!e ar K ere also relativel, lo 9 co&'arable to t!ose recorded in t!e te&'erate oil 'rod%cin# areas o" t!e 1altic Sea. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does &ost to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ 7il conta&inants !ave #reater environ&ental e""ects in te&'erate re#ions t!an in desert re#ions. .1/ 7il conta&ination and FA: 'oll%tion dissi'ate &ore ra'idl, in te&'erate re#ions t!an in desert re#ions. .C/ 7il conta&ination and FA: 'oll%tion dissi'ate &ore ra'idl, in desert re#ions t!an in te&'erate re#ions. .3/ Feaceti&e oil 'rod%ction and trans'ort in t!e Fersian G%l" res%lt in !i#! levels o" FA:s and &assive oil d%&'in#. .E/ T!e Fersian G%l" 6ar ended be"ore t!e oil "ires and s'ills ca%sed as &%c! da&a#e as ori#inall, e('ected. 5<. An inde'endent a%dit "o%nd no indication o" ta( avoidance on t!e 'art o" t!e "ir& in t!e "ir&s acco%nts9 t!ere"ore no s%c! 'roble& e(ists. T!e 0%estionable reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost closel, 'aralleled b, t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e 'lan "or t!e introd%ction o" t!e ne 'rod%ct !as been %n&odi"ied so "arD t!ere"ore9 it ill not be &odi"ied in t!e "%t%re. .1/ T!e overall b%d#et "or t!e 'ro+ects !as been e(ceeded b, a lar#e a&o%ntD t!ere"ore9 at least one o" t!e 'ro+ects !as e(ceeded its b%d#et b, lar#e a&o%nt. .C/ A co&'ilation o" t!e best st%dent essa,s o" t!e ,ear incl%des no essa,s on c%rrent eventsD t!ere"ore9 st%dents !ave beco&e a'at!etic to ard c%rrent events. .3/ A s%rve, o" sc!ools in t!e district "o%nd no sc!ool it!o%t a need "or b%ildin# re'airD t!ere"ore9 t!e ed%cation 'rovided to st%dents in t!is district http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AGA

is s%bstandard. .E/ An e(a&ination o" t!e inde( o" t!e book "o%nd no listin# "or t!e &ost 'ro&inent critic o" t!e t!eor, t!e book advocatesD t!ere"ore9 t!e book "ails to re"er to t!at critic. 5C. 7ne o" t!e #reat di""ic%lties in establis!in# ani&al ri#!ts based &erel, on t!e "act t!at ani&als are livin# t!in#s concern sco'e. I" one constr%es t!e ter& >livin# t!in#s? broadl,9 one is bo%nd to besto ri#!ts on or#anis&s t!at are not ani&als .e.#. 'lants/. 1%t i" t!is ter& is constr%ed narro l,9 one is a't to re"%se ri#!ts to or#anis&s t!at9 at least biolo#icall,9 are considered &e&bers o" t!e ani&al kin#do&. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be &ost reasonabl, in"erred "ro& t!e&.A/ 2ot all ani&als s!o%ld be #iven ri#!ts. .1/ 7ne cannot besto ri#!ts on ani&als it!o%t also besto in# ri#!ts on at least so&e 'lants. .C/ T!e 'roble& o" delineatin# t!e bo%ndar, o" t!e set o" livin# t!in#s inter"eres it! ever, atte&'t to establis! ani&al ri#!ts. .3/ S%ccess"%l atte&'ts to establis! ri#!ts "or all ani&als are likel, eit!er to establis! ri#!ts "or so&e 'lants or not to de'end solel, on t!e observation t!at ani&als are livin# t!in#s. .E/ T!e "act t!at ani&als are livin# t!in#s is irrelevant to t!e 0%estion o" !et!er ani&als s!o%ld or s!o%ld not be accorded ri#!ts9 beca%se 'lants are livin# t!in#s too. 5@. Econo&ist: 2o econo&ic s,ste& t!at is centrall, 'lanned can e""icientl, allocate reso%rces9 and e""icient allocation o" reso%rces is a necessar, condition "or ac!ievin# a national debt o" less t!an @ 'ercent o" Gross 3o&estic Frod%ct .G3F/. It "ollo s t!at an, nation it! a centrall, 'lanned econo&, !as a national debt t!at is at least @ 'ercent o" G3F. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# e(!ibited b, t!e econo&ists ar#%&ent is &ost si&ilar to t!at e(!ibited b, !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 2ot all &a&&als are it!o%t in#s9 beca%se bats are &a&&als and bats !ave in#s. .1/ All o" t!e r%ral districts are "ree o" &a+or air 'oll%tion 'roble&s beca%se s%c! 'roble&s occ%r onl, !ere t!ere is a lar#e concentration o" a%to&obiles9 and t!ere are no s%c! 'laces in t!e r%ral districts. .C/ All o" t!e %n#%lates are !erbivores9 and &ost !erbivores o%ld not attack a !%&an bein#. It "ollo s t!at an, ani&al t!at o%ld attack a !%&an bein# is %nlikel, to be %n#%late. .3/ All rock stars !o are "a&o%s !ave t!eir o n record co&'anies9 and all rock stars it! t!eir o n record co&'anies receive co&'an, 'ro"its over and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AGB

above t!eir re#%lar ro,alties. T!is i&'lies t!at receivin# lar#e re#%lar ro,alties is a necessar, condition o" bein# a "a&o%s rock star. .E/ Ever, &%t%al "%nd &ana#er kno s so&eone !o trades on inside in"or&ation9 and no one !o trades on inside in"or&ation is %nkno n to ever, &%t%al "%nd &ana#er. 7ne &%st concl%de t!at no &%t%al "%nd &ana#er is %nkno n to ever, one !o trades on inside in"or&ation. 5G. Editorialist: Additional restrictions s!o%ld be 'laced on drivers licenses o" teena#ers beca%se teena#ers lack basic skills. Even t!o%#! drivers o" a#e nineteen and ,o%n#er &ake %' onl, A 'ercent o" re#istered driers9 t!ere are res'onsible "or over 1C 'ercent o" tra""ic "atalities. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e ar#%&ent t!at teena#ers lack basic drivin# skill EECEFT: .A/ Teena#ers tend to drive older and less stable cars t!an ot!er drivers. .1/ Teena#ers and t!eir 'assen#ers are less likel, to %se seat belts and s!o%lder stra's t!an ot!ers. .C/ Teena#ers drive9 on avera#e9 over t ice as "ar eac! ,ear as ot!er drivers. .3/ Teena#ers ca%se car accidents t!at are &ore serio%s t!an t!ose ca%sed b, ot!ers. .E/ Teena#ers are likel, to drive it! &ore 'assen#ers t!an t!e avera#e driver. SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1. 5.

N%estion it!!eld "ro& scorin#. 7 ners o" dee'l, indebted and c!ronicall, %n'ro"itable s&all b%sinesses so&eti&es tr, to convince ot!ers to invest &one, in t!eir co&'anies. Since t!e &one, t!%s ac0%ired ill inevitabl, be %sed to 'a, o"" debts9 rat!er t!an to e('and o'eration9 t!is &one, ill not sti&%late sales #ro t! in s%c! co&'anies. T!%s9 &ost 'eo'le are rel%ctant to &ake t!ese invest&ents. S%r'risin#l,9 !o ever9 s%c! invest&ents o"ten earn !andso&e ret%rns in t!e ver, "irst ,ear t!e, are &ade. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e s%r'risin# res%lts o" s%c! invest&ents.A/ Investors %s%all, c!oose to reinvest t!eir ret%rns on s%c! invest&ents. .1/ E('andin# 'rod%ction in s%c! co&'anies o%ld %s%all, re0%ire &ore "%nds t!an o%ld 'a,in# o"" debts. .C/ Fa,in# o"" debts9 b, savin# a co&'an, t!e &one, it o%ld ot!er ise o e in interest9 decreases t!e co&'an,s overall e('enses and t!ereb, increases its 'ro"its. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AGH

.3/ 1anks are rel%ctant to lend &one, to an, co&'an, t!at is alread, !eavil, in debt and c!ronicall, %n'ro"itable. .E/ I" t!e sales o" a co&'an, do not #ro 9 t!ere is %s%all, little need to devote a lar#e s!are o" co&'an, reso%rces to e('andin# 'rod%ction. <. A"ter '%rc!asin# a 'ot8bellied 'i# at t!e 'et store in S'rin#"ield9 A&, as in"or&ed b, a S'rin#"ield cit, o""icial t!at s!e o%ld not be allo ed to kee' t!e 'i# as a 'et9 since cit, codes classi", 'i#s as livestock9 and individ%als &a, not kee' livestock in S'rin#"ield. T!e cit, o""icials ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ A&, lives in S'rin#"ield. .1/ Fi#s are not classi"ied as 'ets in S'rin#"ield. .C/ An, ani&al not classi"ied as livestock &a, be ke't in S'rin#"ield. .3/ 3o#s and cats are not classi"ied as livestock in S'rin#"ield. .E/ It is le#al "or 'et stores to sell 'i#s in S'rin#"ield. C. :istorian: T!e central clai& o" t!e >end8o"8!istor,? t!eor, is t!at !istor, !as reac!ed its "inal sta#e o" develo'&ent. Accordin# to its ad!erents9 de&ocratic ideals !ave tri%&'!ed over t!eir rivals9 and !istor, is e""ectivel, at an ideolo#ical end. 1%t9 t!is vie "ails to consider t!at it is i&'ossible to stand o%tside all o" !istor, to +%d#e !et!er !istor, is reall, at an end. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be &ost reasonabl, in"erred "ro& t!e !istorians state&ents.A/ 6e can never kno !et!er t!e end8o"8!istor, t!eor, is tr%e. .1/ Advocates o" t!e end8o"8!istor, t!eor, !ave too ideolo#ical an %nderstandin# o" !istor,. .C/ I" e ere at t!e end o" !istor,9 e o%ld a%to&aticall, kno end8o"8!istor, t!eor, is tr%e. .3/ It is i&'ossible "or t!e end8o"8!istor, t!eor, to be tr%e. .E/ Ideolo#ical develo'&ents are t!e essential ele&ents o" !istor,. @. Jo!n: As I as drivin# to ork t!is &ornin#9 I as sto''ed b, a 'olice o""icer and ticketed "or s'eedin#. Since t!ere ere &an, ot!er cars aro%nd &e t!at ere #oin# as "ast as I as9 t!e 'olice o""icer clearl, treated &e %n"airl,. Mar,: *o% ere not treated %n"airl,9 since t!e 'olice o""icer as obvio%sl, %nable to sto' all t!e drivers !o ere s'eedin#. Ever,one !o as s'eedin# at t!at ti&e and 'lace !ad an e0%al c!ance o" bein# sto''ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld &ost !el' to +%sti", Mar,s 'osition.A/ I" all t!ose !o violate a tra""ic la on a 'artic%lar occasion are e0%all, likel, to be 'enali)ed "or violatin# it9 t!en t!e la is "airl, a''lied to !oever a&on# t!e& is t!en 'enali)ed. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj !et!er t!e

GMAT & LSAT CR

AAI

.1/ T!e 'enalties attac!ed to tra""ic la s s!o%ld be a''lied not as '%nis!&ents "or breakin# t!e la b%t rat!er as deterrents to %nsa"e drivin#. .C/ T!e 'enalties attac!ed to tra""ic la s s!o%ld be i&'osed on all 'eo'le !o violate t!ose la s9 and onl, t!ose 'eo'le. .3/ It is "airer not to en"orce a tra""ic la at all t!at it is to en"orce it in so&e9 b%t not all9 o" t!e cases to !ic! it a''lies. .E/ $airness in t!e a''lication o" a tra""ic la is ens%red not b, all violators !avin# an e0%al c!ance o" bein# 'enali)ed "or t!eir violation o" t!e la 9 b%t rat!er b, 'enali)in# all kno n violators to t!e sa&e e(tent. G. A '%rse containin# <5 ancient #old coins t!at !ad been &inted in Morocco as discovered in t!e r%ins o" an ancient Jordanian cit, so&e C9III kilo&eters to t!e east o" Morocco. In its ti&e t!e Jordanian cit, as an i&'ortant tradin# center alon# t!e trade ro%te linkin# C!ina and E%ro'e9 and it as also a 'o'%lar sto'over "or 'il#ri&s on t!e ro%te bet een Morocco and Mecca. T!e '%rse o" a trader in t!e cit, o%ld 'robabl, !ave contained a &ore diverse set o" coins. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# !,'ot!eses.A/ Moroccan coins ere &ore val%able in t!e ancient cit, t!an ere Jordanian coins. .1/ Most #old coins available d%rin# t!e ti&e !en t!e ancient cit, t!rived ere &inted in Morocco. .C/ T!e '%rse it! t!e #old coins !ad been bro%#!t to t!e ancient cit, b, a 'il#ri& on t!e ro%te bet een Morocco and Mecca. .3/ Gold coins ere t!e onl, &edi%& o" e(c!an#e %sed in t!e ancient cit,. .E/ Fil#ri&s and traders in t!e ancient cit, ere %nlikel, to !ave interacted it! one anot!er. A. St%dies indicate t!at t!e rate at !ic! ater 'oll%tion is increasin# is levelin# o"": t!e a&o%nt o" ater 'oll%tion ca%ses t!is ,ear is al&ost identical to t!e a&o%nt ca%sed last ,ear. I" t!is trend contin%es9 t!e ater 'oll%tion 'roble& ill no lon#er be #ettin# &ore serio%s. T!e reasonin# is 0%estionable beca%se it i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at .A/ so&e t,'es o" ater 'oll%tion !ave no noticeable e""ect on or#anis&s t!at %se t!e ater .1/ t!e t,'es o" ater 'oll%tion ca%sed t!is ,ear are less dan#ero%s t!an t!ose ca%sed last ,ear .C/ t!e levelin#8o"" trend o" ater 'oll%tion ill not contin%e .3/ air and soil 'oll%tion are beco&in# &ore serio%s .E/ t!e e""ects o" ater 'oll%tion are c%&%lative B. 7ne researc!er rites9 >:%&an bein#s are innatel, a##ressive.? As evidence9 t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AA1

researc!er cites t!e 'revalence o" ar"are in !istor, and t!en disco%nts an, c%rrent disinclination to "i#!t: >T!e &ost 'eaceable 'eo'les o" toda, ere o"ten rava#ers o" ,ester,ear and ill 'robabl, "i#!t a#ain in t!e "%t%re.? 1%t i" so&e 'eo'les are 'eaceable no 9 t!en a##ression itsel" cannot be coded in o%r #enes9 onl, t!e 'otential "or it. I" >innate? onl, &eans 0ossible9 or even li5ely in $ertain en4iron,ents9 t!en ever,t!in# e do is innate and t!e ord !as no &eanin#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes t!e tec!ni0%e %sed in t!e 'assa#e to eaken t!e ar#%&ent "or t!e clai& t!at a##ressiveness is innate to !%&an bein#s.A/ T!e acc%rac, o" t!e !istorical data cited in t!e ar#%&ent "or innate a##ressiveness is called into 0%estion. .1/ T!e "orce o" t!e conce't o" innateness %sed in t!e ar#%&ent "or innate a##ressiveness is called into 0%estion. .C/ An atte&'t is &ade to %nder&ine t!e ar#%&ent "or innate a##ressiveness b, ar#%in# t!at t!ere are no #eneticall, based traits. .3/ An atte&'t is &ade to %nder&ine t!e ar#%&ent "or innate a##ressiveness b, s%##estin# t!at it a''eals to e&otional considerations rat!er t!an to reason. .E/ An atte&'t is &ade to %nder&ine t!e ar#%&ent "or innate a##ressiveness b, ar#%in# t!at all 'eo'les are 'eaceable. Questions 9-10 I" a 'erson c!ooses to alk rat!er t!an drive9 t!ere is one less ve!icle e&ittin# 'oll%tion into t!e air t!an t!ere o%ld be ot!er ise. T!ere"ore i" 'eo'le o%ld alk !enever it is "easible "or t!e& to do so9 t!en 'oll%tion ill be #reatl, red%ced. H. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ C%ttin# do n on 'oll%tion can be ac!ieved in a variet, o" a,s. .1/ Takin# '%blic trans'ortation rat!er t!an drivin# is not al a,s "easible. .C/ 6alkin# is t!e onl, "easible alternative to drivin# t!at res%lts in a red%ction in 'oll%tion. .3/ T!ere are 'eo'le !o never drive b%t !o 're"er alk. .E/ Feo'le so&eti&es drive !en it is "easible to alk instead. 1I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent.A/ I" a%to&obile 'assen#ers !o never drive alk instead o" ride9 t!ere ill be "e er ve!icles on t!e road as a res%lt. .1/ 2on&ovin# r%nnin# ve!icles9 on avera#e9 e&it !al" as &%c! 'oll%tion 'er second as &ovin# ve!icles9 b%t t!e #reater con#estion is9 t!e &ore non&ovin# r%nnin# ve!icles t!ere are. .C/ Since di""erent ve!icles can 'oll%te at di""erent rates9 it is 'ossible "or one driver !o alks to &ake a #reater contrib%tion to 'oll%tion 'revention t!an anot!er driver !o alks. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AA5

.3/ 7n avera#e9 b%ses 'oll%te &ore t!an cars do9 b%t b%ses %s%all, carr, &ore 'assen#ers t!an cars do. .E/ T!ose !o 'revio%sl, rode as 'assen#ers in a ve!icle !ose driver decides to alk instead o" drive &i#!t t!e&selves decide to drive. 11. Editorial: T!e &ost vocal 'ro'onents o" t!e 'ro'osed la are not 'er&anent residents o" t!is island b%t rat!er a "e o" t!e ealt!iest s%&&er residents9 !o leave !en t!e vacation &ont!s !ave 'assed. T!ese 'eo'le ill bene"it "ro& 'assa#e o" t!is la !ile not !avin# to deal it! t!e 'roble&s associated it! its ado'tion. T!ere"ore9 an,one !o s%''orts t!e 'ro'osed la is servin# onl, t!e interests o" a "e o%tsiders at t!e cost o" creatin# 'roble&s "or t!e islands 'er&anent residents. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ T!e avera#e inco&e o" t!e islands s%&&er residents is #reater t!an t!e avera#e inco&e o" its 'er&anent residents. .1/ T!e 'roble&s associated it! t!is la o%t ei#! an, bene"it it &i#!t 'rovide t!e islands 'er&anent residents. .C/ Most o" t!e islands s%&&er residents o%ld bene"it "ro& 'assa#e o" t!is la . .3/ Most o" t!e islands s%&&er residents s%''ort 'assa#e o" t!is la . .E/ Most o" t!e islands 'er&anent residents o''ose 'assa#e o" t!is la . 15. 4ita&in E*Q !as lon# been a "avorite a&on# !ealt! "ood ent!%siasts. In a recent lar#e st%d,9 t!ose !o took lar#e a&o%nts o" vita&in E*Q dail, "or t o ,ears s!o ed on avera#e a CI 'ercent lo er risk o" !eart disease t!an did &e&bers o" a control #ro%'s. Researc!ers corrected "or di""erences in relevant !ealt! !abits9 s%c! as diet. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in"erence is &ost s%''orted b, t!e 'assa#e.A/ Takin# lar#e a&o%nt o" vita&ins is 'robabl, ort! riskin# t!e side e""ects. .1/ T!ose !o take lar#e doses o" vita&in E*Q dail, "or t!e ne(t t o ,ears ill e(!ibit on avera#e an increase in t!e likeli!ood o" avoidin# !eart disease. .C/ Li9 !o !as taken lar#e a&o%nts o" vita&in E*Q dail, "or t!e 'ast t o ,ears9 !as a CI 'ercent lo er risk. .3/ Takin# lar#e a&o%nts o" vita&in E*Q dail, over t!e co%rse o" ones ad%lt li"e s!o%ld be reco&&ended to &ost ad%lts. .E/ :ealt! "ood ent!%siasts are 'robabl, correct in believin# t!at lar#e dail, doses o" &%lti'le vita&ins 'ro&ote #ood !ealt!. 1<. In 1HBB9 a si#ni"icant 'ercenta#e o" seals n t!e 1altic Sea died "ro& viral disease: o"" t!e coast o" Scotland9 !o ever9 t!e deat! rate d%e to viral diseases as a''ro(i&atel, !al" !at it as "or t!e 1altic seals. T!e 1altic seals !ad si#ni"icantl, !i#!er levels o" 'oll%tants in t!eir blood t!an did t!e Scottis! seals.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AA<

Since 'oll%tants are kno n to i&'air &arine &a&&als abilit, to "i#!t o"" viral in"ection9 it is likel, t!at t!e !i#!er deat! rate a&on# t!e 1altic seals as d%e to t!e !i#!er levels o" 'oll%tants in t!eir blood. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost additional s%''ort "or t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e lar#e &a+orit, o" Scottis! seals t!at died ere eit!er old or %n!ealt!, ani&als. .1/ T!e strain o" vir%s t!at killed Scottis! seals over !el&s i&'aired i&&%ne s,ste&s &%c! &ore 0%ickl, t!an it does !ealt!, i&&%ne s,ste&s. .C/ T!ere ere sli#!t "l%ct%ations in t!e levels o" 'oll%tants "o%nd in t!e blood o" 1altic seals. .3/ T!e kinds o" 'oll%tants "o%nd in t!e 1altic Sea are si#ni"icantl, di""erent "ro& t!ose t!at !ave been detected in t!e aters o"" t!e coast o" Scotland. .E/ A&on# &arine &a&&als ot!er t!an seals9 t!e deat! rate d%e to viral diseases in 1HBB as !i#!er in t!e 1altic Sea t!an it as o"" t!e Scottis! coast. 1C. I" t!e 'ro'osed ta( red%ction 'acka#e is ado'ted t!is ,ear9 t!e librar, ill be "orced to discontin%e its dail, stor, !o%rs "or c!ildren. 1%t i" t!e dail, stor, !o%rs are discontin%ed9 &an, 'arents ill be #reatl, inconvenienced. So t!e 'ro'osed ta( red%ction 'acka#e ill not be ado'ted t!is ,ear. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" ass%&ed9 allo s t!e ar#%&ents concl%sion to be 'ro'erl, dra n.A/ An, ta( red%ction 'acka#e t!at ill not "orce t!e librar, to discontin%e dail, stor, !o%rs ill be ado'ted t!is ,ear. .1/ Ever, ta( red%ction 'acka#e t!at o%ld "orce t!e librar, to discontin%e dail, stor, !o%rs o%ld #reatl, inconvenience 'arents. .C/ 2o ta( red%ction 'acka#e t!at o%ld #reatl, inconvenience 'arents o%ld "ail to "orce t!e librar, to discontin%e dail, stor, !o%rs. .3/ 2o ta( red%ction 'acka#e t!at o%ld #reatl, inconvenience 'arents ill be ado'ted t!is ,ear. .E/ An, ta( red%ction 'acka#e t!at ill not #reatl, inconvenience 'arents ill be ado'ted t!is ,ear. 1@. $%ndin# o''onent: So&e 'eo'le "avor cit, "%ndin# "or t!e s'a,in# and ne%terin# o" 'ets at t!e o ners re0%est. T!e, clai& t!at t!e decrease in t!e n%&ber o" stra, ani&als to contend it! ill o""set t!e costs o" t!e "%ndin#. T!ese 'eo'le "ail to reali)e t!at over BI 'ercent o" 'et o ners alread, 'a, to s'a, or ne%ter t!eir ani&als9 so t!ere ill not be a si#ni"icant decrease in t!e n%&ber o" stra, ani&als in t!e cit, i" "%ndin# is 'rovided. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent o" t!e "%ndin# o''onent EECEFT: .A/ 4er, "e o" t!e stra, ani&als in t!e cit, are o""s'rin# o" 'ets. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AAC

.1/ Man, 'et o ners o%ld !ave t!eir ani&als s'a,ed or ne%tered sooner i" "%ndin# ere 'rovided b, t!e cit,. .C/ T!e onl, a, t!e n%&ber o" tra, ani&als can decrease is i" e(istin# stra,s are s'a,ed or ne%tered. .3/ Most 'eo'le o ners !o do not !ave t!eir 'ets s'a,ed or ne%tered believed t!at s'a,in# and ne%terin# are &orall, ron#. .E/ T!e &a+orit, o" 'ets t!at are not s'a,ed or ne%tered are %sed "or breedin# '%r'oses9 and are not likel, to 'rod%ce stra, ani&als. 1G. Researc! indicates t!at colle#e 'ro"essors #enerall, ere raised in econo&icall, advanta#ed !o%se!olds. $or it as discovered t!at9 overall9 colle#e 'ro"essors #re %' in co&&%nities it! avera#e !o%se!old inco&es t!at ere !i#!er t!an t!e avera#e !o%se!old inco&e "or t!e nation as a !ole. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent: .A/ ina''ro'riatel, ass%&es a correlation bet een !o%se!old inco&e and econo&ic advanta#e .1/ "ails to note t!ere are so&e co&&%nities it! !i#! avera#e !o%se!old inco&es in !ic! no colle#e 'ro"essors #re %' .C/ 'res%&es it!o%t +%sti"ication t!at colle#e 'ro"essors #enerall, ere raised in !o%se!olds it! inco&es t!at are avera#e or above avera#e "or t!eir co&&%nities .3/ does not take into acco%nt t!e "act t!at colle#e 'ro"essors #enerall, !ave lo er salaries t!an t!eir co%nter'arts in t!e 'rivate sector .E/ "ails to take into acco%nt t!e "act t!at &an, colle#e 'ro"essors live in r%ral co&&%nities !ic! #enerall, !ave lo avera#e !o%se!old inco&es 1A. Ma#a)ine article: F%nis!&ent "or cri&es is +%sti"ied i" it act%all, deters 'eo'le "ro& co&&ittin# t!e&. 1%t a #reat deal o" care"%ll, asse&bled and anal,)ed e&'irical data s!o clearl, t!at '%nis!&ent is not a deterrent. So '%nis!&ent is never +%sti"ied. T!e reasonin# in t!e &a#a)ine articles ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ de'ends on data t!at t!ere is reason to s%s'ect &a, be biased .1/ &istakenl, allo s t!e ke, ter& >'%nis!&ent? to s!i"t in &eanin# .C/ &istakes bein# s%""icient to +%sti", '%nis!&ent "or bein# re0%ired to +%sti", it .3/ i#nores t!e 'roble& o" &istakenl, '%nis!in# t!e innocent .E/ atte&'ts to be &ore 'recise t!an its s%b+ect &atter 'ro'erl, allo s 1B. I" t!e recordin# no 'la,in# on t!e +a)) 'ro#ra& is reall, >Lo%is Ar&stron# recorded in concert in 1HBH9? as t!e anno%ncer said9 t!en Lo%is Ar&stron# as 'la,in# so&e o" t!e best +a)) o" !is career ,ears a"ter !is deat!. Since t!e tr%&'eter as de"initel, Lo%is Ar&stron#9 so&e!o t!e anno%ncer &%st !ave #otten t!e date o" t!e recordin# ron#. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AA@

T!e 'atter o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents.A/ T!e &%se%& is re'orted as !avin# ac0%ired a 'aintin# >b, Malvina :o""&an9 an artist !o died in 1HGG.? 1%t :o""&an as sc%l'tor9 not a 'ainter9 so t!e re'ort &%st be ron# abo%t t!e ac0%isition bein# a 'aintin#. .1/ T!is 'aintin# titled )a 1oilette is 1ert!e Morisots )a 1oilette onl, i" a 'aintin# can be in t o &%se%&s at t!e sa&e ti&e. Since not!in# can be in t o 'laces at once9 t!is 'aintin# &%st so&e!o !ave been &istitled. .C/ 7nl, i" a t entiet!8cent%r, Me(ican artist 'ainted in Ja'an d%rin# t!e seventeent! cent%r, can t!is ork bot! be >b, $rida Ma!lo? as labeled and t!e seventeent! cent%r, Ja'anese landsca'e it a''ears to be. Since it is !at it a''ears to be9 t!e label is ron#. .3/ =nless Mat!e Moll it) as bot! a sc%l'tor and a 'rint&aker9 t!e vol%nteer &%se%& #%ide is ron# in !is attrib%tion o" t!is sc%l't%re. Since !at Moll it) is kno n "or is !er 'rints9 t!e #%ide &%st be ron#. .E/ I" t!is 'aintin# is a 'ortrait done in acr,lic9 it cannot be b, Elisabet! 4i#ee8 Lebr%n9 since acr,lic 'aint as develo'ed onl, a"ter !er deat!. T!%s9 since it is de"initel, a 'ortrait9 t!e 'aint &%st not be acr,lic. 1H. 6!en a stone is tri&&ed b, a &ason and e('osed to t!e ele&ents9 a coatin# o" cla, and ot!er &inerals9 called rock varnis! #rad%all, acc%&%lates on t!e "res!l, tri&&ed s%r"ace. 7r#anic &atter tra''ed beneat! t!e varnis! on stones o" an Andean &on%&ent as "o%nd to be over 1III ,ears old. Since t!e or#anic &atter &%st !ave #ro n on t!e stone s!ortl, a"ter it as tri&&ed9 it "ollo s t!at t!e &on%&ent as b%ilt lon# be"ore t!e arrival o" E%ro'eans in t!e A&ericas in 1CH5. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Rock varnis! itsel" contains so&e or#anic &atter. .1/ T!e re%se o" ancient tri&&ed stones as co&&on in t!e Andes bot! be"ore and a"ter 1CH5. .C/ T!e Andean &on%&ent bears strikin# rese&blance to &on%&ents "o%nd in ancient sites in estern Asia. .3/ T!e earliest ritten re"erence to t!e Andean &on%&ents dates "ro& 1AAB. .E/ Rock varnis! "or&s ver, slo l,9 i" at all9 on tri&&ed stones t!at stored in a dr,9 s!eltered 'lace. 5I. Le#al r%les are e('ressed in #eneral ter&s. T!e, concern classi"ication o" 'ersons and actions and t!e, 'rescribe le#al conse0%ences "or 'ersons and actions "allin# into t!e relevant cate#ories. T!e a''lication o" a r%le to a 'artic%lar case9 t!ere"ore9 involves a decision on !et!er t!e "acts o" t!at case "all it!in t!e cate#ories &entioned in t!e r%le. T!is decision establis!es t!e le#al e""ect o" !at !a''ened rat!er t!an an, &atter o" "act. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AAG

T!e 'assa#e 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Le#al r%les9 like &atters o" "act9 are concerned it! classi"ications o" t!in#s s%c! as actions. .1/ Matters o" "act9 like le#al r%les9 can so&eti&es be e('ressed in #eneral ter&s. .C/ Makin# a le#al decision does not involve &atters o" "act. .3/ T!e a''lication o" a r%le to a 'artic%lar case need not be le"t to a +%d#e. .E/ 6!et!er t!e "acts o" a case "all into a relevant cate#or, is not itsel" a &atter o" "act. Questions !1-!! :elen: It as ron# o" &, brot!er Mark to tell o%r &ot!er t!at t!e reason !e !ad &issed !er birt!da, 'art, t!e evenin# be"ore as t!at !e !ad been in a tra""ic accident and t!at b, t!e ti&e !e as released "ro& t!e !os'ital e&er#enc, roo& t!e 'art, as lon# over. Sa,in# so&et!in# t!at is "alse can never be ot!er t!an &orall, ron#9 and t!ere !ad been no s%c! accidentKMark !ad si&'l, "or#otten all abo%t t!e 'art,. 51. T!e &ain concl%sion dra n in :elens ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ Mark did not tell !is &ot!er t!e tr%t! .1/ t!e real reason Mark &issed !is &ot!ers birt!da, 'art, as t!at !e !ad "or#otten all abo%t it .C/ it is ron# to atte&'t to avoid bla&e "or ones "ail%re to do so&et!in# b, clai&in# t!at one as 'revented "ro& doin# t!at t!in# b, events o%tside ones control .3/ it as ron# o" Mark to tell !is &ot!er t!at !e !ad &issed !er birt!da, 'art, as a res%lt o" !avin# been in a tra""ic accident .E/ it is al a,s ron# not to tell t!e tr%t! 55. T!e +%sti"ication :elen o""ers "or !er +%d#&ent o" Marks be!avior is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e +%sti"ication .A/ i#nores an i&'ortant &oral distinction bet een sa,in# so&et!in# t!at is "alse and "ailin# to sa, so&et!in# t!at one kno s to be tr%e .1/ con"%ses !avin# identi"ied one ca%se o" a #iven e""ect it! !avin# eli&inated t!e 'ossibilit, o" t!ere bein# an, ot!er ca%ses o" t!at e""ect .C/ +%d#es be!avior t!at is o%tside an individ%als control accordin# to &oral standards t!at can 'ro'erl, be a''lied onl, to be!avior t!at is it!in s%c! control .3/ relies on an ille#iti&ate a''eal to 'it, to obsc%re t!e "act t!at t!e concl%sion does not lo#icall, "ollo "ro& t!e 're&ises advanced .E/ atte&'ts to +%sti", a +%d#&ent abo%t a 'artic%lar case b, citin# a #eneral 'rinci'le t!at stands in "ar #reater need o" s%''ort t!an does t!e 'artic%lar +%d#&ent

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AAA

5<. Candidate: T!e #overn&ent s'ends L@II &illion &ore eac! ,ear 'ro&otin# !i#! a, sa"et, t!an it s'ends co&batin# ci#arette s&okin#. 1%t eac! ,ear &an, &ore 'eo'le die "ro& s&okin#8related diseases t!an die in !i#! a, accidents. So t!e #overn&ent o%ld save lives b, s!i"tin# "%nds "ro& !i#! a, sa"et, 'ro#ra&s to antis&okin# 'ro#ra&s. T!e "la ed reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents &ost closel, 'arallels t!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e candidates ar#%&ent.A/ T!e #overn&ent en"orces t!e s'eed li&it on "ree a,s &%c! &ore closel, t!an on toll a,s. 1%t &an, &ore 'eo'le die eac! ,ear in a%to accidents on "ree a,s t!an die in a%to accidents on toll a,s. So t!e #overn&ent o%ld save lives b, s!i"tin# "%nds "ro& en"orce&ent o" s'eed li&its on "ree a,s to en"orce&ent o" s'eed li&its on toll a,s. .1/ A certain 'ro"essional &%sician s'ends several ti&es as &an, !o%rs 'racticin# #%itar as s!e s'ends 'racticin# sa(o'!one. 1%t s!e is !ired &%c! &ore o"ten to 'la, sa(o'!one t!an to 'la, #%itar9 so s!e o%ld increase !er n%&ber o" 'la,in# en#a#e&ents b, s'endin# less ti&e 'racticin# #%itar and &ore ti&e 'racticin# sa(o'!one. .C/ A%to&obiles b%rn &ore #as 'er &in%te on !i#! a,s t!an on residential streets. 1%t t!e, #et "e er &iles 'er #allon on residential streets. T!ere"ore9 #as o%ld be saved b, drivin# less on residential streets and &ore on !i#! a,s. .3/ T!e local s i& tea& s'ends &an, &ore !o%rs 'racticin# t!e backstroke t!an it s'ends 'racticin# t!e breaststroke. 1%t t!e tea&s la' ti&es "or t!e breaststroke are &%c! better t!an its ti&es "or t!e backstroke9 so t!e tea& o%ld in &ore s i& &eets i" it s'ent less ti&e 'racticin# t!e backstroke and &ore ti&e 'racticin# t!e breaststroke. .E/ 1anks !ave a !i#!er 'ro"it &ar#in on loans t!at !ave a !i#! interest rate t!an on loans t!at !ave a lo interest rate. 1%t borro ers are illin# to borro lar#er s%&s at lo rates t!an at !i#! rates. T!ere"ore9 banks o%ld be &ore 'ro"itable i" t!e, #ave &ore loans on lo rates and "e er loans at !i#! rates. 5C. A 'ersons "ail%re to kee' a 'ro&ise is ron# onl, i"9 "irst9 doin# so !ar&s t!e one to !o& t!e 'ro&ise is &ade and9 second9 all o" t!ose !o discover t!e "ail%re to kee' t!e 'ro&ise lose con"idence in t!e 'ersons abilit, to kee' 'ro&ises. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# +%d#&ents &ost closel, con"or&s to t!e 'rinci'le above.A/ Ann ke't !er 'ro&ise to re'a, $elicia t!e &one, s!e o ned !er. $%rt!er9 t!is convinced ever,one !o kne Ann t!at s!e is tr%st ort!,. T!%s9 Anns kee'in# !er 'ro&ise as not ron#. .1/ Jonat!an took an oat! o" secrec, concernin# t!e cor'orations tec!nical secrets9 b%t !e sold t!e& to a co&'etitor. :is action as ron# even t!o%#! http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AAB

t!e cor'oration intended t!at !e leak t!ese secretes to its co&'etitors. .C/ Geor#e 'ro&ised to re'a, Reiko t!e &one, !e o ed !er. :o ever9 Geor#e as %nable to kee' !is 'ro&ise to Reiko and as a res%lt9 Reiko s%""ered a serio%s "inancial loss. T!%s9 Geor#es "ail%re to kee' !is 'ro&ise as ron#. .3/ 1eca%se !e lost !is +ob9 Carlo as %nable to re'a, t!e &one, !e 'ro&ised to Miria&. :o ever9 Miria& did not need t!is &one, nor did s!e lose con"idence in Carlos abilit, to kee' 'ro&ises. So9 Carlos "ail%re to kee' !is 'ro&ise to Miria& as not ron#. .E/ Eli)abet! 'ro&ised to ret%rn t!e book s!e borro ed "ro& Steven it!in a eek. 1%t s!e as %nable to do so beca%se s!e beca&e ac%tel, ill. 2ot kno in# t!is9 Steven lost con"idence in !er abilit, to kee' a 'ro&ise. So9 Eli)abet!s "ail%re to ret%rn t!e book to Steven as ron#. 5@. T!e end o" an action is t!e intended o%tco&e o" t!e action and not a &ere b,8 'rod%ct o" t!e action9 and t!e ends val%e is t!%s t!e onl, reason "or t!e action. So !ile it is tr%e t!at not ever, ends val%e ill +%sti", an, &eans9 and even9 'er!a's9 t!at t!ere is no end !ose val%e ill +%sti", ever, &eans9 it is clear t!at not!in# ill +%sti", a &eans e(ce't an ends val%e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e val%e o" so&e ends &a, +%sti", an, &eans. .1/ 7ne can al a,s +%sti", a #iven action b, a''eal to t!e val%e o" its intended o%tco&e. .C/ 7ne can +%sti", an action onl, b, a''eal to t!e val%e o" its intended o%tco&e. .3/ 7nl, t!e val%e o" t!e b,8'rod%cts o" an action can +%sti", t!at action. .E/ 2ot!in# can +%sti", t!e intended o%tco&e o" an action e(ce't t!e val%e o" t!at actions act%al o%tco&es.

TEST 27
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Fs,c!iatrist: 6e are learnin# t!at ne%roc!e&ical i&balances can ca%se be!avior ran#in# "ro& e(tre&e &ental illness to less serio%s b%t irritatin# be!avior s%c! as obsessive "antasi)in#9 'et%lance9 or e&barrass&ent. T!ese "indin#s ill 'ro&ote co&'assion and tolerance !en lookin# at a &ental illness9 0%irk9 or &ere di""erence bet een t o 'ersons9 since bein# &entall, !ealt!, can no be#in to be seen as si&'l, !avin# t!e sa&e ne%roc!e&ical balances as &ost 'eo'le.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AAH

6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e concl%sion o" t!e 's,c!iatrists ar#%&ent.A/ =nderstandin# t!e role o" t!e ne%roc!e&ical in be!avior ill "oster e&'at!, to ard ot!ers. .1/ 2e%roc!e&ical i&balances can ca%se &ental illness and ot!er be!aviors. .C/ 2e%roc!e&ical balances and i&balances are t!e &ain deter&inants o" &ental be!avior. .3/ 1ein# &entall, !ealt!, is a &atter o" !avin# t!e sa&e ne%roc!e&ical balances as &ost 'eo'le. .E/ Advances in ne%roc!e&istr, en!ance o%r t!eories o" &ental illness. 5. 2o one ants t!is +ob as &%c! as Jos!%a does9 b%t !e is not a''l,in# "or it. It "ollo s t!at t!ere ill not be an, a''licants no &atter !o !i#! t!e salar, t!at is bein# o""ered. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 1et! kno s better t!an an,one else !o to s'ot errors in a co&'%ter 'ro#ra&9 ,et even s!e !as not "o%nd an, in t!is 'ro#ra& so "ar. So it is clear t!at t!e errors &%st all be in t!e rest o" t!e 'ro#ra&. .1/ I" an,one can deci'!er t!is inscri'tion9 it is Fro"essor Alvare)9 b%t s!e is so involved it! !er ne researc! t!at it ill be i&'ossible to interest !er in t!is sort o" task. T!ere"ore9 all e can do no is !o'e to "ind so&eone else. .C/ Alt!o%#! !e !as t!e stron#est &otive o" an,one "or b%,in# Annas 'lot o" land9 Man"red is not '%rs%in# t!e &atter. T!ere"ore9 re#ardless o" !o lo a 'rice Anna is 're'ared to acce't9 s!e ill be lookin# "or a b%,er in vain. .3/ T!e 'erson initiall, &ost interested in obtainin# t!e contract as Mr. Moore9 b%t !e o" all 'eo'le s%ddenl, it!dre !is bid. T!is &eans t!at9 no &atter !o disco%ra#ed t!e ot!er bidders !ad been9 t!e, ill no redo%ble t!eir e""orts. .E/ T!ree ti&es Fa%l o%ld !ave liked to take advanta#e o" a s'ecial vacation 'acka#e "or !i&sel" and !is "a&il,9 b%t eac! ti&e !e as indis'ensable at t!e "actor, +%st t!en. So t!e &ore seniorit, Fa%l ac0%ires9 t!e #reater are t!e constraints on !is 'ersonal li"e. <. Man, 'eo'le li&it t!e intake o" calories and c!olesterol in t!eir diet in order to lose ei#!t and red%ce t!e level o" c!olesterol in t!eir blood. 6!en a 'erson loses ei#!t9 t!e "at cells in t!at 'ersons bod, decrease in si)e b%t not in n%&ber. As t!e, decrease in si)e9 "at cells s'ill t!e c!olesterol t!e, contain into t!e bloodstrea&. T!ere"ore9 a 'erson !o #oes on a lo 8calorie9 lo 8c!olesterol diet;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost lo#icall, co&'letes t!e ar#%&ent.A/ &i#!t at "irst !ave an increased level o" c!olesterol in !is or !er blood http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ABI

.1/ ill not lose ei#!t an, "aster t!an ill a 'erson !ose diet is !i#! in calories .C/ &i#!t lose &ore ei#!t b, #oin# on a lo 8calorie9 !i#!8c!olesterol diet t!an b, #oin# on t!e lo 8calorie9 lo 8c!olesterol diet .3/ ill not decrease t!e si)e o" !is or !er "at cells .E/ ill bot! decrease t!e level o" c!olesterol in !is or !er blood and #ain ei#!t Questions 4-5 Advances in '!otoco',in# tec!nolo#, allo cri&inals it! no 'rintin# e('ertise to co%nter"eit 'a'er c%rrenc,. 7ne standard antico%nter"eitin# tec!ni0%e9 &icro'rintin#9 'rints 'a'er c%rrenc, it! tin, desi#ns t!at cannot be '!otoco'ied distinctl,. Alt!o%#! co%nter"eits o" &icro'rinted c%rrenc, can be detected easil, b, e('erts9 s%c! co%nter"eits o"ten circ%late idel, be"ore bein# detected. An alternative9 t!o%#! &ore costl,9 'rintin# tec!ni0%e o%ld 'rint c%rrenc, it! a s'ecial ink. C%rrenc, 'rinted it! t!e ink o%ld c!an#e color de'endin# in !o ordinar, li#!t strikes it9 !ereas '!otoco'ied co%nter"eits o" s%c! c%rrenc, o%ld not. 1eca%se t!is tec!ni0%e o%ld allo an,one to detect '!otoco'ied co%nter"eit c%rrenc, easil,9 it s!o%ld be ado'ted instead o" &icro'rintin#9 des'ite t!e e('ense. C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e reco&&endation &ade b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 6!en an antico%nter"eitin# tec!ni0%e de'ends on t!e detection o" co%nter"eits b, e('erts9 t!e cost o" ins'ection b, e('erts adds si#ni"icantl, to t!e cost to societ, o" t!at tec!ni0%e. .1/ $or an, antico%nter"eitin# tec!ni0%e to be e""ective9 t!e e(istence o" antico%nter"eitin# tec!ni0%es s!o%ld be idel, broadcast9 b%t t!e &et!od b, !ic! co%nter"eits are detected s!o%ld be ke't secret. .C/ T!e 'rocess o" &icro'rintin# 'a'er c%rrenc, involves "e er ste's t!an does t!e 'rintin# o" 'a'er c%rrenc, it! t!e s'ecial ink. .3/ 1e"ore '!otoco',in# tec!nolo#, e(isted9 &ost co%nter"eits o" 'a'er c%rrenc, ere acco&'lis!ed b, &aster en#ravers. .E/ Man, cri&inals do not !ave access to t!e advanced '!otoco'iers t!at are needed to 'rod%ce co%nter"eits o" &icro'rinted 'a'er c%rrenc, t!at cas!iers ill acce't as real. @. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e lon#er t!e interval bet een t!e ti&e a co%nter"eit bill 'asses into circ%lation and t!e ti&e t!e co%nter"eit is detected9 t!e &ore di""ic%lt it is "or la en"orce&ent o" o""icials to a''re!end t!e co%nter"eiter. .1/ So'!isticated co%nter"eiters co%ld 'rod%ce c%rrenc, 'rinted it! t!e s'ecial ink b%t cannot d%'licate &icro'rinted c%rrenc, e(actl,. .C/ $%rt!er advances in '!otoco',in# tec!nolo#, ill dra&aticall, increase t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AB1

level o" detail t!at '!otoco'ies can re'rod%ce. .3/ T!e lar#est 0%antities o" co%nter"eit c%rrenc, no enterin# circ%lation are 'rod%ced b, ordinar, cri&inals !o en#a#e in co%nter"eitin# onl, brie"l,. .E/ It is ver, di""ic%lt to &ake acc%rate esti&ates o" !at t!e costs to societ, o%ld be i" lar#e a&o%nts o" co%nter"eit c%rrenc, circ%lated idel,. G. 7ne test to deter&ine !et!er a 'erson !as been in"ected it! t%berc%losis consists o" in+ectin# t!e 'erson it! 'roteins e(tracted "ro& t!e t%berc%losis bacteri%&. 7nce a 'erson !as been in"ected b, a bacteri%&9 t!e 'ersons i&&%ne s,ste& s%bse0%entl, reco#ni)es certain 'roteins 'resent in t!at bacteri%& and attacks t!e bacteri%&. T!is reco#nition also takes 'lace in t!e test and res%lts in a skin irritation at t!e in+ection site. :ence t!e '!,sicians !o desi#ned t!e test reasoned t!at an,one !o reacts in t!is &anner to an in+ection it! t!e t%berc%losis 'roteins !as been in"ected it! t%berc%losis. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e '!,sicians reasonin# de'ends.A/ All o" t!e 'roteins 'resent in disease8ca%sin# bacteria can be reco#ni)ed b, t!e bod,s i&&%ne s,ste&. .1/ Locali)ed skin irritations are a c!aracteristic s,&'to& o" t%berc%losis in &ost 'eo'le. .C/ T!e abilit, o" t!e 'roteins 'resent in t!e t%berc%losis bacteri%& to tri##er t!e skin irritation is e(cl%sive to t!at bacteri%&. .3/ So&e 'eo'le !o !ave been in+ected it! 'roteins e(tracted "ro& t!e t%berc%losis bacteri%& ill contract t%berc%losis as a res%lt o" t!e in+ection. .E/ T!e bod,s i&&%ne s,ste& cannot reco#ni)e in"ectio%s bacteria %nless t!ere are s%""icient 0%antities o" t!e bacteria to ca%se overt s,&'to&s o" disease. A. Generations o" E%ro'ean8!istor, st%dents !ave been ta%#!t t!at a 'olitical assassination ca%sed t!e $irst 6orld 6ar. 6it!o%t so&e 0%ali"ication9 !o ever9 t!is teac!in# is bo%nd to &islead9 since t!e ar o%ld not !ave !a''ened it!o%t t!e treaties and alliances t!at ere alread, in e""ect and t!e &ilitar, "orce t!at as alread, a&assed. T!ese ere t!e dee'er ca%ses o" t!e ar9 !ereas t!e assassination as a ca%se onl, in a trivial sense. It as like t!e individ%al s'ark t!at !a''ens to i#nite a con"la#ration t!at as9 in t!e 'revailin# conditions9 inevitable. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, restates t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e 'assa#e.A/ T!e assassination did not ca%se t!e ar9 since t!e assassination as onl, t!e last in a c!ain o" events leadin# %' to t!e ar9 eac! o" !ic! !ad e0%al clai& to bein# called its >ca%se.? .1/ T!e ar as destined to !a''en9 since t!e co%rse o" !istor, %' to t!at 'oint co%ld not !ave been altered. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AB5

.C/ T!o%#! t!e state&ent t!at t!e assassination ca%sed t!e ar is tr%e9 t!e ter& >ca%se? &ore "%nda&entall, a''lies to t!e conditions t!at &ade it 'ossible "or t!at event to start t!e ar. .3/ I" t!e assassination !ad occ%rred !en it did b%t less &ilitar, "orce !ad at t!at ti&e been a&assed9 t!en t!e ars o%tbreak &i#!t !ave been considerabl, dela,ed or t!e ar &i#!t not !ave occ%rred at all. .E/ Alt!o%#! t!e conditions 'revailin# at t!e ti&e t!e ar started &ade ar inevitable9 i" t!e ar !ad not been tri##ered b, t!e assassination it o%ld not !ave taken t!e co%rse it! !ic! st%dents o" !istor, are "a&iliar. B. Toddlers are not bein# &alicio%s !en t!e, bite 'eo'le. $or e(a&'le9 a c!ild &a, ant a to,9 and "eel t!at t!e 'erson !e or s!e bites is 'reventin# !i& or !er "ro& !avin# it. T!e sit%ation as described above &ost closel, con"or&s to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #enerali)ations.A/ 1itin# 'eo'le is so&eti&es a a, "or toddlers to tr, to solve 'roble&s. .1/ Toddlers so&eti&es en#a#e in bitin# 'eo'le in order to #et attention "ro& ad%lts. .C/ Toddlers &istakenl, believe t!at bitin# 'eo'le is vie ed as acce'table be!avior b, ad%lts. .3/ Toddlers do not reco#ni)e t!at b, bitin# 'eo'le t!e, o"ten t! art t!eir o n ends. .E/ Resortin# to bitin# 'eo'le is in so&e cases an e""ective a, "or toddlers to #et !at t!e, ant. H. Cons%&er advocate: Last ,ears orld ide alar& abo%t a co&'%ter >vir%s?Ka s%rre'titio%sl, introd%ced co&'%ter 'ro#ra& t!at can destro, ot!er 'ro#ra&s and dataK as a "ra%d. Co&'anies sellin# 'ro#ra&s to 'rotect co&'%ters a#ainst s%c! vir%ses raised orld ide concern abo%t t!e 'ossibilit, t!at a destr%ctive vir%s o%ld be activated on a certain date. T!ere as &ore s&oke t!an "ire9 !o ever9 onl, abo%t a t!o%sand cases o" da&a#e ere re'orted aro%nd t!e orld. M%ltit%des o" antivir%s 'ro#ra&s ere sold9 so t!e co&'anies arnin# as clearl, onl, an e""ort to sti&%late sales. T!e reasonin# in t!e cons%&er advocates ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!is ar#%&ent .A/ restates its concl%sion it!o%t atte&'tin# to o""er a reason to acce't it .1/ "ails to ackno led#e t!at antivir%s 'ro#ra&s &i#!t 'rotect a#ainst vir%ses ot!er t!an t!e 'artic%lar one described .C/ asserts t!at t!e occ%rrence o" one event a"ter anot!er s!o s t!at t!e earlier event as t!e ca%se o" t!e later one .3/ %sed in"la&&ator, lan#%a#e as a s%bstit%te "or 'rovidin# an, evidence .E/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e 'rotective ste's taken did ork and9 "or http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AB<

&an, co&'%ter9 'revented t!e vir%s "ro& ca%sin# da&a#e 1I. Insects can see %ltraviolet li#!t and are kno n to identi", i&'ortant "ood so%rces and &atin# sites b, sensin# t!e c!aracteristic 'atterns o" %ltraviolet li#!t t!at t!ese t!in#s re"lect. Insects are also attracted to 3lo,osus s'ider ebs9 !ic! re"lect %ltraviolet li#!t. T!%s9 insects are 'robabl, attracted to t!ese ebs beca%se o" t!e s'eci"ic 'atterns o" %ltraviolet li#!t t!at t!ese ebs re"lect. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e ar#%&ent.A/ 6!en ebs o" &an, di""erent s'ecies o" s'ider ere ill%&inated it! a %ni"or& so%rce o" !ite li#!t containin# an %ltraviolet co&'onent9 &an, o" t!ese ebs did not re"lect t!e %ltraviolet li#!t. .1/ 6!en t!e silks o" s'iders t!at s'in silk onl, "or linin# b%rro s and coverin# e##s ere ill%&inated it! !ite li#!t containin# an %ltraviolet co&'onent9 t!e silks o" t!ese s'iders re"lected %ltraviolet li#!t. .C/ 6!en ebs o" t!e co&'arativel, recentl, evolved co&&on #arden s'ider ere ill%&inated it! !ite li#!t containin# an %ltraviolet co&'onent9 onl, certain 'ortions o" t!ese ebs re"lected %ltraviolet li#!t. .3/ 6!en Droso0hila "r%it "lies ere 'laced be"ore a 3lo,osus eb and a s,nt!etic eb o" si&ilar 'attern t!at also re"lected %ltraviolet li#!t and bot! ebs ere ill%&inated it! !ite li#!t containin# an %ltraviolet co&'onent9 &an, o" t!e "r%it "lies "le to t!e 3lo,osus eb. .E/ 6!en Droso0hila "r%it "lies ere 'laced be"ore t o 3lo,osus ebs9 one ill%&inated it! !ite li#!t containin# an %ltraviolet co&'onent and one ill%&inated it! !ite li#!t it!o%t an %ltraviolet co&'onent9 t!e &a+orit, "le to t!e %ltraviolet re"lectin# eb. 11. T!e :abitat Conservation Flan .:CF/ is based on a la t!at allo s develo'ers to %se land in!abited b, endan#ered s'ecies in e(c!an#e "or a 'ro&ise to 'reserve critical !abitat or 'rovide re'lace&ent land nearb,. So&e individ%als o" endan#ered s'ecies are lost in ret%rn "or ass%rances b, t!e o ner or develo'er t!at !abitat "or t!ose re&ainin# ani&als ill be 'rotected. Environ&entalists are 'leased t!at :CFs allo ed t!e& to in concessions "ro& develo'ers !o o%ld ot!er ise i#nore rarel, en"orced environ&ental la s. Satis"ied 'ro'ert, o ners 're"er :CFs to &ore restrictive 'ro!ibitions o" land %se. T!e sit%ation described above &ost closel, con"or&s to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ In order to avoid 'rotracted le#al battles environ&entalists s!o%ld co&'ro&ise it! develo'ers. .1/ 3evelo'ers s!o%ld ad!ere onl, to t!ose environ&ental la s t!at are not overb%rdenso&e. .C/ La s s!o%ld not be desi#ned to serve t!e interests o" all t!e 'arties concerned since t!e, are o"ten so eak t!at no ones interest is served ell.

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ABC

.3/ La s s!o%ld be "as!ioned in s%c! a a, as to reconcile t!e interests o" develo'ers and environ&entalists. .E/ T!e &ost e""ective &eans o" 'reservin# endan#ered s'ecies is to re"rain "ro& alienatin# 'ro'ert, o ners. 15. It !as lon# been t!o%#!t t!at li)ards evolves "ro& a #ro%' o" a&'!ibians called ant!racosa%rs9 no "ossils o" !ic! !ave been "o%nd in an, rocks older t!an <II &illion ,ears. :o ever9 a "ossil o" a li)ard as recentl, "o%nd t!at is esti&ated to be <CI &illion ,ears old. Li)ards co%ld not !ave evolved "ro& creat%res t!at did not e(ist %ntil a"ter t!e "irst li)ards. T!ere"ore9 li)ards did not !ave evolved "ro& ant!racosa%rs. An ass%&'tion &ade in t!e ar#%&ent is t!at t!ere are no .A/ %nkno n ant!racosa%r "ossils older t!an <CI &illion ,ears .1/ %nkno n li)ard "ossils older t!an <CI &illion ,ears .C/ kno n li)ard "ossils t!at 'redate so&e ant!racosa%r "ossils .3/ kno n ant!racosa%r "ossils t!at 'redate so&e li)ard "ossils .E/ kno n li)ard "ossils !ose a#e is %ncertain Questions 13-14 2%&is&atist: In &edieval S'ain9 &ost #old coins ere &inted "ro& #old &ined in 6est A"rica9 in t!e area t!at is no Sene#al. T!e #old &ined in t!is re#ion as t!e '%rest kno n. Its #old content o" H5 'ercent allo ed coins to be &inted it!o%t re"inin# t!e #old9 and indeed coins &inted "ro& t!is so%rce o" #old can be reco#ni)ed beca%se t!e, !ave t!at #old content. T!e &ints co%ld re"ine #old and 'rod%ced ot!er kinds o" coins t!at !ad &%c! '%rer #old content9 b%t t!e Sene#alese #old as never re"ined. 1<. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# in"erences abo%t #old coins &inted in &edieval S'ain is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation t!e n%&is&atist #ives.A/ Coins &inted "ro& Sene#alese #old all contained t!e sa&e ei#!t9 as ell as t!e sa&e 'ro'ortion o" #old. .1/ T!e so%rce o" so&e re"ined #old "ro& !ic! coins ere &inted as %nre"ined #old it! a #old content o" less t!an H5 'ercent. .C/ T o coins co%ld !ave t!e sa&e &onetar, val%e even t!o%#! t!e, di""ered "ro& eac! ot!er in t!e 'ercenta#e o" #old t!e, contained. .3/ 2o #old coins ere &inted t!at !ad a #old content o" less t!an H5 'ercent. .E/ T!e onl, %nre"ined #old "ro& !ic! coins co%ld be &inted as Sene#alese #old. 1C. As a 'reli&inar, to ne#otiatin# 'rices9 &erc!ants sellin# #oods o"ten s'eci"ied t!at 'a,&ent s!o%ld be in t!e coins &inted "ro& Sene#alese #old. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!is 're"erence-

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AB@

.A/ 1eca%se re"ined #old varied considerabl, in '%rit,9 s'eci",in# a 'rice as a n%&ber o" re"ined8#old coins did not "i( t!e 0%antit, o" #old received in 'a,&ent. .1/ 3%rin# t!is 'eriod &ost da,8to8da, tradin# as cond%cted %sin# silver coins9 t!o%#! #old coins ere %sed "or costl, transactions and lon#8distance co&&erce. .C/ T!e &ints ere able to deter&ine t!e '%rit,9 and !ence t!e val%e9 o" #old coins b, &eas%rin# t!eir densit,. .3/ Since #old coins &onetar, val%e rested on t!e #old t!e, contained9 'a,&ents ere "re0%entl, &ade %sin# coins &inted in several di""erent co%ntries. .E/ Merc!ants obtainin# #old to resell "or %se in +e elr, co%ld not sell t!e &etal %nless it as "irst re"ined. 1@. So&e 'lants !ave e(tre&el, sensitive biolo#ical t!er&o&eters. $or e(a&'le9 t!e leaves o" r!ododendrons c%rl !en t!e te&'erat%re o" t!e air aro%nd t!e& is belo I.Celsi%s/. Si&ilarl,9 &at%re croc%s blosso&s o'en in te&'erat%res above 5. So so&eone !o si&%ltaneo%sl, observed r!ododendrons it! %nc%rled leaves9 croc%ses it! &at%re b%t %no'ened blosso&s9 and a t!er&o&eter s!o in# 1 co%ld deter&ine t!at t!e t!er&o&eters readin# as acc%rate to it!in 'l%s or &in%s 1. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e reasonin# above.A/ 2eit!er r!ododendrons nor croc%ses bloo& "or &ore t!an a "e eeks eac! ,ear9 and t!e blosso&s o" r!ododendrons #ro in# in an, area do not a''ear %ntil at least several eeks a"ter croc%ses #ro in# in t!at area !ave ceased to bloo&. .1/ Man, 'eo'le "ind it %n'leasant to be o%tdoors "or lon# 'eriods !en t!e te&'erat%re is at or abo%t 1. .C/ T!e cli&ate and soil conditions t!at "avor t!e #ro t! o" r!ododendrons are also "avorable to t!e #ro t! o" croc%ses. .3/ Air te&'erat%re s%rro%ndin# r!ododendrons9 !ic! can #ro 15 "eet tall9 is likel, to di""er "ro& air te&'erat%re s%rro%ndin# croc%ses9 !ic! are nor&all, onl, a "e inc!es !i#!9 b, &ore t!an 19 even i" t!e t o 'lants are #ro in# side b, side. .E/ Certain t,'es o" t!er&o&eters t!at are co&&onl, %sed to &eas%re o%tdoor te&'erat%res can be e(tre&el, acc%rate in &oderate te&'erat%re ran#es b%t &%c! less acc%rate in ar&er or colder te&'erat%re ran#e. 1G. Folitical scientist: T!e disse&ination o" 'olitical t!eories is in 'rinci'le able to ca%se c!an#e in e(itin# social str%ct%res. :o ever9 all 'olitical t!eories are "or&%lated in t!e ed%cationall, 'rivile#ed settin# o" t!e %niversit,9 leadin# to convol%ted lan#%a#e t!at is alienatin# to &an, individ%als o%tside acade&ia !o http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ABG

o%ld be i&'ortant a#ents o" c!an#e. It "ollo s t!at9 it! res'ect to 'olitical t!eor,9 t!ere is a s'ecial role "or t!ose o%tside t!e %niversit, conte(t to render it into accessible9 clear lan#%a#e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Fersons o%tside acade&ic settin#s are t!e &ost i&'ortant a#ents o" c!an#e to t!e social str%ct%re. .1/ Fersons it!in acade&ic settin#s !o "or&%late 'olitical t!eories atte&'t to c!an#e e(istin# social str%ct%re. .C/ Fersons o%tside acade&ic settin#s are better le"t o%t o" t!e initial "or&%lation o" 'olitical t!eories. .3/ Fersons o%tside acade&ic settin#s stand to #ain &ore "ro& t!e disse&ination o" 'olitical t!eories t!an 'ersons inside. .E/ Fersons it!in acade&ic settin#s are less illin# or less able t!an 'ersons o%tside to rite in a strai#!t"or ard a,. 1A. 2icotine !as lon# been kno n to ca%se !eart attacks and !i#! blood 'ress%re. *et a recent st%d, !as s!o n t!at t!e incidence o" !eart attacks and !i#! blood 'ress%re is si#ni"icantl, !i#!er a&on# ci#arette s&okers !o do not c!e tobacco t!an a&on# nons&okers e('osed to an e0%al a&o%nt o" nicotine t!ro%#! tobacco c!e in#. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 !el's LEAST to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, described above.A/ Feo'le !o s&oke b%t do not c!e tobacco tend to e(ercise less t!an t!ose !o c!e tobacco b%t do not s&oke. .1/ C!e&icals ot!er t!an nicotine 'resent in c!e in# tobacco b%t not 'resent in ci#arette s&oke &iti#ate t!e e""ects t!at nicotine !as on t!e cardiovasc%lar s,ste&. .C/ Feo'le !o c!e tobacco b%t do not s&oke tend to !ave !ealt!ier diets t!an t!ose !o s&oke b%t do not c!e tobacco. .3/ C!e&icals ot!er t!an nicotine 'resent in c!e in# tobacco b%t not 'resent in ci#arette s&oke can ca%se cancer. .E/ C!e&icals ot!er t!an nicotine 'resent in ci#arette s&oke b%t not 'resent in c!e in# tobacco raise blood 'ress%re. 1B. Fresident o" Central S%''l, Co&'an,: Fro"its are at an all8ti&e lo t!is "iscal ,ear beca%se o" decreased de&and "or o%r 'rod%cts. I" t!is sit%ation contin%es9 t!e co&'an, &a, !ave to declare bankr%'tc,. So it is i&'ortant to 'revent an, "%rt!er decrease in 'ro"its. Conse0%entl,9 t!e onl, o'tions are to red%ce 'laned e('ansion or to eli&inate so&e less 'ro"itable e(istin# o'erations. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes a "la in t!e co&'an, 'residents reasonin#.A/ It 'res%&es it!o%t #ivin# +%sti"ication t!at s%rvival o" t!e co&'an, !as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ABA

been a #ood t!in#. .1/ It does not take into acco%nt t!at t!ere are alternatives to declarin# t!e bankr%'tc,. .C/ It 'res%&es it!o%t #ivin# +%sti"ication t!at onl, decreased de&and can ever be t!e ca%se o" decreased 'ro"its. .3/ It does not allo "or t!e 'ossibilit, t!at 'ro"its ill decrease onl, sli#!tl, d%rin# t!e ne(t "iscal ,ear. .E/ It does not take into acco%nt t!at t!ere &a, be ot!er a,s to sto' t!e decrease in 'ro"its. 1H. In all &a&&alian s'ecies9 t!e 'eriod o" a ,o%n# &a&&als li"e in !ic! it is &ost "re0%entl, 'la,"%l coincides it! t!e 'eriods o" &ost ra'id #ro t! o" t!e ne%ral connections in t!e &a&&als brain t!at #ive rise to vario%s co&'le( 'atterns o" &ove&ent9 'ost%re9 and social res'onse. Indeed9 t!e ne%tral connections created b, "re0%ent 'la, d%rin# t!is 'eriod later beco&e indis'ensable "or t!e &a&&als s%rvival and ell8bein# as an ad%lt. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 serve LEAST ell as evidence "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ *o%n# &a&&als o" s'ecies t!at are 're,ed on b, ot!er ani&als are likel, to en#a#e in "or&s o" s%dden &ock "li#!t9 boltin# a a, "ro& locations !ere no 'redators are to be "o%nd. .1/ T!e ,o%n# 'redators o" non&a&&alian s'ecies s%c! as "is!9 re'tiles9 and birds do not nor&all, en#a#e in 'la,"%l be!avior t!at serves t!e "%nction served b, 'la, in t!e develo'&ent o" ,o%n# &a&&als. .C/ Ad%lt &a&&als are &ore likel, to en#a#e in interactive 'la, it! t!eir ,o%n# i" t!e, en#a#ed in si&ilar "or&s o" 'la, !en t!e, t!e&selves ere ,o%n#. .3/ Ma&&als t!at cannot en#a#e in certain co&&on "or&s o" 'la, !en ,o%n# are likel, to s!o certain de"icits t!at li&it t!eir s%bse0%ent s%ccess as ad%lts. .E/ *o%n# &a&&als o" 'redator, s'ecies tend to 'ractice in t!eir 'la, ino""ensive versions o" &otions and actions t!at are %se"%l in "indin# and catc!in# 're, !en t!ese &a&&als beco&e ad%lts. 5I. F!,sicist: 3eter&inis& is t!e vie t!at ever, event !as a 'recedin# ca%se s%""icient "or its occ%rrence. T!at is9 i" deter&inis& is tr%e9 t!en t!e events t!at are 'resentl, occ%rrin# co%ld not !ave "ailed to occ%r #iven t!e state o" t!e %niverse a &o&ent a#o. 3eter&inis&9 !o ever9 is "alse beca%se it is i&'ossible to kno t!e co&'lete state o" t!e %niverse at an, #iven ti&e since it is i&'ossible to &eas%re acc%ratel, bot! t!e 'osition and velocit, o" an, #iven s%bato&ic 'article at a 'artic%lar ti&e. T!e '!,sicists reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ABB

"ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ T!at it is i&'ossible to &eas%re acc%ratel, bot! t!e 'osition and velocit, o" an, #iven s%bato&ic 'article does not i&'l, t!at it is i&'ossible to kno eit!er t!e 'osition or velocit, o" all s%bato&ic 'articles. .1/ T!at t!e co&'lete state o" t!e %niverse at an, #iven ti&e is %nkno able does not i&'l, t!at t!e states at t!at ti&e o" t!e individ%al s%bato&ic 'articles &akin# it %' are %nkno able. .C/ T!at it is i&'ossible to &eas%re acc%ratel, bot! t!e 'osition and velocit, o" an, #iven s%bato&ic 'article at a 'artic%lar ti&e does not i&'l, t!at its 'osition or velocit, cannot be acc%ratel, &eas%red se'aratel,. .3/ T!at it is i&'ossible to kno t!e co&'lete state o" t!e %niverse at an, #iven ti&e does not i&'l, t!at t!ere is no co&'lete state o" t!e %niverse at t!at ti&e. .E/ T!at t!e 'osition and velocit, o" an, #iven s%bato&ic 'article cannot be +ointl, &eas%red it! acc%rac, does not i&'l, t!at t!is is t!e case "or t!e 'osition and velocit, o" all s%bato&ic 'articles. 51. I" t!is 'arkin# 'olic, is %n'o'%lar it! t!e "ac%lt,9 t!en e s!o%ld &odi", it. I" it is %n'o'%lar a&on# st%dents9 e s!o%ld ado't a ne 'olic,. And9 it is bo%nd to be %n'o'%lar eit!er it! t!e "ac%lt, or a&on# st%dents. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e.A/ 6e s!o%ld atte&'t to 'o'%lari)e t!is 'arkin# 'olic, a&on# eit!er t!e "ac%lt, or st%dents. .1/ 6e s!o%ld &odi", t!is 'arkin# 'olic, onl, i" t!is ill not red%ce its 'o'%larit, a&on# st%dents. .C/ 6e s!o%ld &odi", t!is 'arkin# 'olic, i" &odi"ication ill not red%ce its 'o'%larit, it! t!e "ac%lt,. .3/ I" t!is 'arkin# 'olic, is 'o'%lar a&on# st%dents9 t!en e s!o%ld ado't a ne 'olic,. .E/ I" t!is 'arkin# 'olic, is 'o'%lar it! t!e "ac%lt,9 t!en e s!o%ld ado't a ne 'olic,. 55. It is abs%rd idea t!at !atever artistic endeavor t!e #overn&ent re"%ses to s%''ort it does not allo 9 as one can see b, re'!rasin# t!e state&ent to read: 2o one is allo ed to create art it!o%t a #overn&ent s%bsid,. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e clai& t!at an, driver !o is not arrested does not break t!e la is abs%rd9 as one can see b, re ordin# it: Ever, driver !o breaks t!e la #ets arrested. .1/ T!e clai& t!at an, driver !o is not arrested does &ot break t!e la is abs%rd9 as one can see b, re ordin# it: Ever, driver !o #ets arrested !as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

ABH

broken t!e la . .C/ T!e notion t!at ever, scientist !o is s%''orted b, a #overn&ent #rant ill be s%ccess"%l is abs%rd9 as one can see b, re ordin# it: 2o scientist !o is s%ccess"%l is so it!o%t a #overn&ent #rant. .3/ T!e notion t!at ever, scientist !o is s%''orted b, a #overn&ent #rant ill be s%ccess"%l is abs%rd9 as one can see b, re ordin# it: 2o scientist lackin# #overn&ental s%''ort ill be s%ccess"%l. .E/ T!e notion t!at ever, scientist !o !as been s%''orted b, a #overn&ent #rant ill be s%ccess"%l is abs%rd9 as one can see b, re ordin# it: 2o scientist is allo ed to do researc! it!o%t a #overn&ent #rant. 5<. Folitician: 2obod, can den, t!at !o&elessness is a 'roble&9 ,et t!ere see&s to be little a#ree&ent on !o to solve it. 7ne t!in#9 !o ever9 is clear: i#norin# t!e 'roble& ill not &ake it #o a a,. 7nl, i" t!e #overn&ent ste's in and 'rovides t!e !o&eless it! !o%sin# ill t!is 'roble& disa''ear9 and t!is necessitates increased ta(ation. $or t!is reason9 e s!o%ld raise ta(es. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost s%''orts t!e 'oliticians ar#%&ent.A/ 7nl, i" a &eas%re is re0%ired to solve a 'roble&9 s!o%ld it be ado'ted. .1/ 7nl, i" a &eas%re is s%""icient to solve a 'roble&9 s!o%ld it be ado'ted. .C/ I" a &eas%re is re0%ired to solve a 'roble&9 it s!o%ld be ado'ted. .3/ I" a &eas%re is s%""icient to solve a 'roble&9 t!en it s!o%ld be ado'ted. .E/ I" a &eas%re is s%""icient to solve a 'roble&9 an, ste's necessitated b, t!at &eas%re s!o%ld be ado'ted. 5C. Trade o""icial: Co%ntr, E deserves econo&ic retrib%tion "or its 'rotectionis&. :o ever9 it is cr%cial t!at e reco#ni)e t!at t!ere are overridin# considerations in t!is case. 6e s!o%ld still sell to E t!e a#ric%lt%ral e0%i'&ent it ordered: t!ere is !i#! de&and in o%r co%ntr, "or a#ric%lt%ral i&'orts "ro& E. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ A#ric%lt%ral co&'onents o" international trade are &ore i&'ortant t!an nona#ric%lt%ral co&&odities. .1/ T!e abilit, to kee' 'o'%lar 'rod%cts available do&esticall, is less i&'ortant t!an o%r bein# able to enter international &arket. .C/ 6e s!o%ld never +eo'ardi)e t!e interests o" o%r 'eo'le to '%nis! a 'rotectionist co%ntr,. .3/ In &ost cases9 '%nis!in# a 'rotectionist co%ntr, s!o%ld !ave 'riorit, over t!e interests o" o%r 'eo'le. .E/ 6e s!o%ld balance t!e +%stice o" an action it! t!e conse0%ences "or o%r interests o" %ndertakin# t!at action. 5@. Jacks a%nt #ave !i& !er ill9 askin# !i& to &ake it '%blic !en s!e diedD !e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AHI

'ro&ised to do so. A"ter !er deat!9 Jack looked at t!e ill: it sti'%lated t!at all !er &one, #o to !er "riend Geor#e. Jack kne t!at i" !e &ade t!e ill '%blic9 Geor#e o%ld s0%ander t!e &one, bene"itin# neit!er Geor#e nor an,one else. Jack also kne t!at i" !e did not &ake t!e ill '%blic9 t!e &one, o%ld #o to !is o n &ot!er9 !o o%ld %se it to bene"it !ersel" and ot!ers9 !ar&in# no one. A"ter re"lection9 !e decided not to &ake t!e ill '%blic. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 o%ld re0%ire Jack to act as !e did in t!e sit%ation described.A/ 3%ties to "a&il, &e&bers take 'riorit, over d%ties to 'eo'le !o are not "a&il, &e&bers. .1/ 4iolatin# a 'ro&ise is i&'er&issible !enever doin# so o%ld beco&e kno n b, ot!ers. .C/ 7ne &%st c!oose an alternative t!at bene"its so&e and !ar&s no one over an alternative t!at !ar&s so&e and bene"its no one. .3/ 6!en "aced it! alternatives it is obli#ator, to c!oose !ic!ever one ill bene"it t!e #reatest n%&ber o" 'eo'le. .E/ A 'ro&ise beco&es nonbindin# !en t!e 'erson to !o& t!e 'ro&ise as &ade is no lon#er livin#. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Ta('a,er: $or t!e last ten ,ears9 Metro Cit,s brid#e8&aintenance b%d#et o" L1 &illion ann%all, !as been a 'ri&e e(a&'le o" "iscal irres'onsibilit,. In a ell8r%n brid#e 'ro#ra&9 t!e cit, o%ld s'end L1@ &illion a ,ear on &aintenance9 !ic! o%ld 'revent severe deterioration9 t!%s li&itin# ca'ital e('enses "or needed brid#e reconstr%ction to L1I &illion. :o ever9 as a res%lt o" its atte&'t to econo&i)e9 t!e cit, is no "aced it! s'endin# LCII &illion over t o ,ears on e&er#enc, reconstr%ction o" its brid#es. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ta('a,ers ar#%&ent is t!at Metro Cit, .A/ s!o%ld !ave b%d#eted s%bstantiall, &ore &one, "or &aintenance o" its brid#es .1/ o%ld !ave !ad a ell8r%n brid#e 'ro#ra& o" it !ad s'ent &ore &one, "or reconstr%ction o" its brid#es .C/ is s'endin# &ore t!an it needs to on &aintenance o" its brid#es .3/ is econo&i)in# on its brid#e 'ro#ra& to save &one, in case o" e&er#encies .E/ !as brid#es t!at are &ore e('ensive to &aintain t!an t!e, ere to b%ild

5.

T ent, 'ro"essional inco&e8ta( advisors ere #iven identical records "ro& !ic! to 're'are an inco&e8ta( ret%rn. T!e advisors ere not a are t!at t!e, ere dealin# it! "ictitio%s records co&'iles b, a "inancial &a#a)ine. 2o t o o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AH1

t!e co&'leted ta( ret%rns a#reed it! eac! ot!er9 and onl, one as tec!nicall, correct. I" t!e in"or&ation above is correct9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sion can be 'ro'erl, dra n on t!e basis o" it.A/ 7nl, one o%t o" ever, t ent, inco&e8ta( ret%rns 're'ared b, an, #iven 'ro"essional inco&e8ta( advisor ill be correct. .1/ T!e "act t!at a ta( ret%rn !as been 're'ared b, a 'ro"essional inco&e8ta( advisor 'rovides no #%arantee t!at t!e ta( ret%rn !as been correctl, 're'ared. .C/ In order to ens%re t!at ta( ret%rns are correct9 it is necessar, to !ire 'ro"essional inco&e8ta( advisor to 're'are t!e&. .3/ All 'ro"essional inco&e8ta( advisors &ake &istakes on at least so&e o" t!e ta( ret%rns t!e, 're'are. .E/ Feo'le are &ore likel, to !ave an incorrectl, 're'ared ta( ret%rn i" t!e, 're'are t!eir o n ta( ret%rns t!an i" t!e, !ire a 'ro"essional inco&e8ta( advisor. <. T!e &ana#er o" a n%clear 'o er 'lant de"ended t!e clai& t!at t!e 'lant as sa"e b, revealin# its rate o" in+%r, "or c%rrent orkers: onl, <.5 in+%ries 'er 5II9III !o%rs o" ork9 a rate less t!an !al" t!e national avera#e "or all ind%strial 'lants. T!e &ana#er clai&ed t!at9 t!ere"ore9 b, t!e standard o" !o &an, in+%ries occ%r9 t!e 'lant as sa"er t!an &ost ot!er 'lants !ere t!e e&'lo,ees co%ld ork. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost calls into 0%estion t!e &ana#ers clai&.A/ 6orkers at n%clear 'o er 'lants are re0%ired to receive e(tra trainin# in sa"et, 'reca%tions on t!eir o n ti&e and at t!eir o n e('ense. .1/ 6orkers at n%clear 'o er 'lants are re0%ired to re'ort to t!e &ana#er an, cases o" accidental e('os%re to radiation. .C/ T!e e('os%re o" t!e orkers to radiation at n%clear 'o er 'lants as it!in levels t!e #overn&ent considers sa"e. .3/ 6orkers at n%clear 'o er 'lants !ave "iled onl, a "e la s%its a#ainst t!e &ana#e&ent concernin# %nsa"e orkin# conditions. .E/ Medical 'roble&s arisin# "ro& ork at a n%clear 'o er 'lant are %n%s%al in t!at t!e, are not likel, to a''ear %ntil a"ter an e&'lo,ee !as le"t e&'lo,&ent at t!e 'lant. C. Col%&nist: T!e co%ntr, is 'resentl, debatin# le#islation t!at9 i" 'assed9 o%ld "orce &an%"act%rers to increase t!e n%&ber o" 'aid vacation da,s "or e&'lo,ees9 to 'a, !i#!er overti&e a#es9 and to 'a, all da,8care e('enses "or c!ildren o" eac! e&'lo,ee. T!is le#islation is bein# s%''orted b, &e&bers o" #ro%'s t!at !ave resorted to violent tactics in t!e 'ast9 and b, individ%als !o are "acin# indict&ent on ta(8evasion c!ar#es. 6e &%st de"eat t!is le#islation and !at it http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AH5

stands "or. T!e col%&nists ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se it .A/ attacks le#islation b, callin# into 0%estion t!e inte#rit, o" t!e ori#inators o" t!e le#islation .1/ assails le#islation on t!e basis o" t!e 0%estionable c!aracter o" s%''orters o" t!e le#islation .C/ atte&'ts to discredit le#islation b, a''ealin# to '%blic senti&ent "or t!ose !o o%ld be adversel, a""ected .3/ 'res%''oses t!at le#islation is bad le#islation !enever it !as onl, a s&all n%&ber o" s%''orters o%tside t!e co%ntr,s national le#islative bod, .E/ re+ects le#islation on t!e #ro%nd t!at its s%''orters are inconsistentl, in seekin# to 'lace b%rdens on &an%"act%rers %'on !ose b%siness s%ccess t!e s%''orters de'end @. I" t!e ivor, trade contin%es9 e('erts believe9 t!e ele'!ant ill soon beco&e e(tinct in A"rica9 beca%se 'oac!in# is ri"e in &an, areas. A total ban on ivor, tradin# o%ld 'robabl, 'revent t!e e(tinction. :o ever9 t!e co%ntr, o" Qi&bab eK !ic! !as virt%all, eli&inated 'oac!in# it!in its borders and !ic! relies on inco&e "ro& care"%ll, c%llin# ele'!ant !erds t!at t!reaten to beco&e too bi#Kob+ects to s%c! a ban. Qi&bab e !olds t!at t!e 'roble& lies not it! t!e ivor, trade b%t it! t!e conservation 'olicies o" ot!er co%ntries. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les "or&s a lo#ical basis "or Qi&bab es ob+ection to a ban.A/ International &eas%res to correct a 'roble& s!o%ld not adversel, a""ect co%ntries t!at are not res'onsible "or t!e 'roble&. .1/ $reedo& o" trade is not a ri#!t b%t a conse0%ence o" a#ree&ents a&on# nations. .C/ Res'ectin# a co%ntr,s soverei#nt, is &ore i&'ortant t!an 'reventin# t!e e(tinction o" a s'ecies. .3/ Fro!ibitions a""ectin# several co%ntries s!o%ld be en"orced b, a s%'ranational a#enc,. .E/ E""ective conservation cannot be ac!ieved it!o%t eli&inatin# 'oac!in#. G. T!e &ale sa#e #ro%se !as air sacs t!at !en not in"lated9 lie !idden beneat! t!e #ro%ses neck "eat!ers. 3%rin# its s'rin# co%rts!i' rit%al9 t!e &ale sa#e #ro%se in"lates t!ese air sacs and dis'la,s t!e& to t!e "e&ale sa#e #ro%se. So&e scientists !,'ot!esi)e t!at t!is co%rts!i' rit%al serves as a &eans "or "e&ale sa#e #ro%se to select !ealt!, &ates. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" r%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e scientists !,'ot!esis.A/ So&e "e&ale sa#e #ro%se &ate it! %n!ealt!, &ale sa#e #ro%se. .1/ 6!en diseased &ale sa#e #ro%se ere treated it! antibiotics9 t!e, ere not http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AH<

selected b, "e&ale sa#e #ro%se d%rin# t!e co%rts!i' rit%al. .C/ So&e !ealt!, &ale sa#es #ro%se do not in"late t!eir air sacs as 'art o" t!e co%rts!i' rit%al. .3/ Male sa#e #ro%se are 'rone to 'arasitic in"ections t!at e(!ibit s,&'to&s visible on t!e birds air sacs. .E/ T!e sa#e #ro%se is co&&onl, a""licted it! a strain o" &alaria t!at tends to c!an#e as t!e or#anis& t!at ca%ses it %nder#oes &%tation. A. Cons%&ers ill be !%rt b, t!e ne lo er ceilin# on !alib%t catc!es. Given t!e la o" s%''l, and de&and t!ese restrictions are likel, to res%lt in an increase in t!e 'rice o" t!e "is!. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" ass%&ed9 o%ld do &ost to +%sti", t!e clai& t!at t!e 'rice o" !alib%t ill increase.A/ T!e de&and "or !alib%t ill not decrease s%bstantiall, a"ter t!e ne restrictions are i&'osed. .1/ T!ere is a connection bet een t!e s%''l, o" !alib%t and t!e de&and "or it. .C/ T!e lost 'rod%ction o" !alib%t ill not be re'laced b, increased 'rod%ction o" ot!er "is!. .3/ T!e de&and "or ot!er "is! ill be a""ected b, t!e ne restrictions. .E/ T!e a&o%nt o" !alib%t cons%&ed re'resents a ver, s&all 'ro'ortion o" all "is! cons%&ed. B. Mno led#e o" an ancient lan#%a#e is essential "or readin# ori#inal ancient doc%&ents. Most ancient !istorical doc%&ents9 !o ever9 !ave been translated into &odern lan#%a#es9 so sc!olars o" ancient !istor, can read t!e& "or t!eir researc! it!o%t learnin# ancient lan#%a#es. T!ere"ore9 as'irants to careers as ancient !istor, sc!olars no lon#er need to take t!e ti&e to learn ancient lan#%a#es. T!e ar#%&ent is v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ It concl%des t!at so&et!in# is never necessar, on t!e #ro%nds t!at it is not al a,s necessar,. .1/ A state&ent o" "act is treated as i" it ere &erel, a state&ent o" o'inion. .C/ T!e concl%sion is no &ore t!an a restate&ent o" t!e evidence 'rovides as s%''ort o" t!at concl%sion. .3/ T!e +%d#&ent o" e('erts is a''lied to a &atter in !ic! t!eir e('ertise is irrelevant. .E/ So&e o" t!e evidence 'resented in s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion is inconsistent it! ot!er evidences 'rovided. Questions 9-10 T!e 1oard o" Tr%stees o" t!e $ederici Art M%se%& !as decided to sell so&e orks "ro& its collection in order to raise t!e "%nds necessar, to re"%rbis! its #alleries. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AHC

Alt!o%#! t!is &a, see& like a drastic re&ed,9 t!e c%rator !ad lon# &aintained t!at a&on# t!e 'aintin#s t!at t!e late Ms. $ederici collected "or t!e &%se%& ere several %ns%ccess"%l i&&at%re orks b, Renoir and Ce)anne t!at s!o%ld be sold beca%se t!e, are o" in"erior 0%alit, and so add not!in# to t!e overall 0%alit, o" t!e &%se%&s collection. :ence9 t!e boards action ill not detract "ro& t!e &%se%&s collection. H. T!e concl%sion dra n de'ends on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tion.A/ Art s'ec%lators are %nable to distin#%is! an in"erior 'aintin# b, Renoir "ro& a &aster'iece b, !i&. .1/ All o" t!e 'aintin#s t!at t!e board o" tr%stee sells ill be a&on# t!ose t!at t!e c%rator reco&&ends sellin#. .C/ All o" t!e 'aintin#s b, Renoir and Ce)anne t!at are o ned b, t!e $ederici Art M%se%& ere '%rc!ased b, Ms. $ederici !ersel". .3/ 7nl, an avid collector o" 'aintin#s b, Ce)anne o%ld be illin# to 'a, a !i#! 'rice "or earl, orks b, t!is artist. .E/ A #reat ork o" art can be tr%l, a''reciated onl, i" it is dis'la,ed in a care"%ll, desi#ned and ell8&aintained #aller,. 1I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e directors o" an art &%se%& can #enerall, raise "%nds "or re"%rbis!in# t!e b%ildin# in !ic! t!e &%se%&s collection is !o%sed b, &eans ot!er t!an sellin# 'arts o" its collection. .1/ T!e 0%alit, o" an art collection is deter&ined not +%st b, t!e 0%alit, o" its 'aintin#s9 b%t b, !at develo'&ent o" t!e artistic talent and ideas o" t!e artists re'resented. .C/ T!e i&&at%re oks b, Renoir and Ce)anne t!at ere '%rc!ased b, Ms. $ederici ere at t!at ti&e t!o%#!t b, so&e critics to be %ni&'ortant +%venile orks. .3/ T!ose 'eo'le !o s'ec%late in art b, '%rc!asin# art orks &erel, to sell t!e& at &%c! !i#!er 'rices elco&e in"lation in t!e art &arket9 b%t c%rators o" art &%se%& re#ret t!e in"lation in t!e art &arket. .E/ T!e best ork o" a #reat artist de&ands &%c! !i#!er 'rices in t!e art &arket t!an t!e orst ork o" t!at sa&e artist. 11. Taken to#et!er9 so&e 59III stocks reco&&ended on a 'o'%lar television s!o over t!e co%rse o" t!e 'ast 15 ,ears b, t!e s!o s #%ests9 &ost o" !o& are s%ccess"%l cons%ltants "or &%ltibillion8dollar stock 'ort"olios9 'er"or&ed less s%ccess"%ll, t!an t!e &arket as a !ole "or t!is 158,ear 'eriod. So clearl,9 no one s!o%ld ever "ollo an, reco&&endation b, t!ese so8called e('erts. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ Taken to#et!er9 t!e stocks reco&&ended on t!e television s!o 'er"or&ed better t!an t!e &arket as a !ole "or t!e 'ast ,ear.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AH@

.1/ Taken to#et!er9 t!e stocks reco&&ended on t!e television s!o 'er"or&ed better "or t!e 'ast 158,ear 'eriod t!an stock 'ort"olios t!at ere act%all, selected b, an, ot!er &eans. .C/ Fer"or&ance o" t!e stocks reco&&ended on t!e television s!o as &eas%red b, stock dividends9 !ereas t!e 'er"or&ance o" t!e &arket as a !ole as &eas%red b, c!an#e in s!are val%e. .3/ Fer"or&ance o" t!e stocks reco&&ended on t!e television s!o as &eas%red inde'endentl, b, a n%&ber o" anal,sts9 and t!e res%lts o" t!e all t!e &eas%re&ents conc%rred. .E/ T!e stock 'ort"olios "or !ic! t!e #%ests ere cons%ltants 'er"or&ed better "or t!e 'ast 158,ear 'eriod t!an t!e &arket as a !ole. 15. T!e sc!ool 'rinci'al insisted t!at st%dent "ail%res are ca%sed b, bad teac!in#. In a relativel, s!ort ti&e "ailin# #rades disa''eared "ro& t!e sc!ool. T!e 'rinci'al !a''il, reco#ni)ed t!is as evidence t!at t!e teac!in# !ad i&'roved at t!e sc!ool. T!e "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e above is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e n%tritionist insisted t!at t!e ei#!t #ain t!at tea& &e&bers co&'lained o" as ca%sed b, overeatin#. In a brie" ti&e all t!e &e&bers sto''ed overeatin#. T!e n%tritionist as 'leased to concl%de t!at t!e, !ad sto''ed #ainin# ei#!t. .1/ T!e &ana#er insisted t!at t!e orkers !o "iled co&'laints !ad too &an, di""erence tasks. T!e &ana#er si&'li"ied t!e +obs9 and co&'lains sto''ed. T!e &ana#er !a''il, concl%ded t!at t!e orkin# environ&ent !ad been i&'roved. .C/ T!e n%tritionist insisted t!at t!e ei#!t #ain t!at tea& &e&bers co&'lained o" as &erel, in t!eir i&a#ination. Me&bers ere #iven ei#!t c!arts "or t!e last t!ree &ont!s. T!e n%tritionist as 'leased to concl%de t!at t!e co&'laints o" ei#!t #ain !ad sto''ed. .3/ T!e &ana#er insisted t!at t!e orkers !o "iled co&'laints did not !ave eno%#! to do. Soon t!ere ere no &ore co&'laints "iled. T!e &ana#er as 'leased to concl%de t!at t!e orkers ere no 'rod%ctivel, "illin# t!eir ti&e. .E/ T!e n%tritionist insisted t!at t!e ei#!t #ain t!at tea& &e&bers co&'lained o" as ca%se b, t!eir t!inkin# o" "ood too o"ten. T!e n%tritionist as !a'', to concl%de t!at t!e ei#!t #ain !ad sto''ed once t!e tea& &e&bers re'orted t!at t!e, !ad sto''ed t!inkin# o" "ood so o"ten. 1<. =nlike ot!er 'ri&roses9 sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses do not need to rel, on insects "or 'ollination. In &an, ,ears insect 'ollinators are scarce9 and in t!ose ,ears a t,'ical non8sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&rose 'rod%ces "e er seeds t!an does a t,'ical sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&rose. In ot!er ,ears9 seed 'rod%ction is a''ro(i&atel, e0%al. T!%s9 sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses !ave t!e advanta#e o" !i#!er avera#e seed http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AHG

'rod%ction. Aside "ro& seed 'rod%ction9 t!ese sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses are indistin#%is!able "ro& non8sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses. 2evert!eless9 sel"8 'ollinatin# 'ri&rose 'lants re&ain rare a&on# 'ri&roses. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ Insects t!at collect 'ollen "ro& 'ri&roses do not discri&inate bet een sel"8 'ollinatin# 'ri&roses and non8sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses. .1/ 6!en insect 'ollinators are scarce9 non8sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses 'rod%ce lar#er seeds t!at are &ore likel, to #er&inate t!an are seeds "ro& sel"8 'ollinatin# 'ri&roses. .C/ Sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses t!at are located in areas it! "e insects 'rod%ce no "e er seeds t!an do sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses t!at are located in areas it! &an, insects. .3/ Man, 'ri&roses are located in areas in !ic! t!e soil conditions t!at are o'ti&al "or seed #er&ination are not 'resent. .E/ Sel"8'ollinatin# 'ri&roses can be assisted b, insects d%rin# 'ollination b%t do not re0%ire t!e assistance o" insects to be 'ollinated. 1C. 6e !ave a &oral obli#ation not to destro, books9 even i" t!e, belon# to %s. T!e reason is 0%ite si&'le: I" 'reserved9 books ill al&ost certainl, contrib%te to t!e intellect%al and e&otional enric!&ent o" "%t%re #enerations. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e 'rinci'le %nderl,in# t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It is &orall, inc%&bent %'on %s to devote e""ort to 'er"or&in# actions t!at !ave at least so&e c!ance o" i&'rovin# ot!er 'eo'les lives. .1/ 6e are &orall, obli#ated to 'reserve an,t!in# t!at 'ast #enerations !ad 'reserved "or o%r intellect%al and e&otional enric!&ent. .C/ T!e &oral co&&it&ents e !ave to "%t%re #enerations s%'ersede t!e &oral co&&it&ents e !ave to t!e 'resent #eneration. .3/ 6e are &orall, obli#ated not to destro, an,t!in# t!at ill &ost likel, enric!9 eit!er intellect%all, or e&otionall,9 o%r 'osterit,. .E/ 1ein# &orall, obli#ated not to destro, so&et!in# re0%ires t!at e be reasonabl, ass%red t!at t!at t!in# ill lead to t!e better&ent o" so&eone e kno . 1@. T!e so%t!ern !al" o" a certain re#ion o" t!e eart! as covered entirel, b, ater d%rin# t!e Cretaceo%s 'eriod9 t!e last A@ &illion ,ears o" t!e Meso)oic era9 t!e era !en dinosa%rs roa&ed t!e eart!. 3inosa%rs lived onl, on land. T!%s9 Flesiosa%rsKs i&&in# re'tile t!at lived d%rin# t!e Cretaceo%s 'eriod e(cl%sivel,K ere not dinosa%rs. 2o sin#le s'ecies o" dinosa%r lived t!ro%#!o%t t!e entire Meso)oic era. I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 eac! o" t!e "ollo in# co%ld be tr%e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AHA

EECEFT: .A/ 3inosa%rs in!abited t!e nort!ern !al" o" t!e re#ion t!ro%#!o%t t!e entire Meso)oic era. .1/ Flesiosa%rs did not in!abit t!e so%t!ern !al" o" t!e re#ion d%rin# t!e Cretaceo%s 'eriods. .C/ Flesiosa%rs did not in!abit t!e so%t!ern !al" o" t!e re#ion be"ore t!e Cretaceo%s 'eriod. .3/ 3inosa%rs did not in!abit t!e nort!ern !al" o" t!e re#ion d%rin# t!e Cretaceo%s 'eriod. .E/ 3inosa%rs in!abited t!e so%t!ern !al" o" t!e re#ion t!ro%#!o%t t!e entire Meso)oic era. 1G. Essa,ist: 6isdo& and intelli#ence are desirable 0%alities. :o ever9 bein# intelli#ent does not i&'l, t!at one is ise9 nor does bein# ise i&'l, t!at one is intelli#ent. In &, o n e('erience9 t!e 'eo'le I &eet !ave one or t!e ot!er o" t!ese 0%alities b%t not bot!. I" t!e essa,ists state&ents are tr%e9 t!e& eac! o" t!e "ollo in# co%ld be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ Most 'eo'le are neit!er intelli#ent9 nor ise. .1/ Most 'eo'le are bot! intelli#ent and ise. .C/ 2o one is bot! ise and intelli#ent. .3/ 2o one is eit!er ise or intelli#ent. .E/ Man, 'eo'le are intelli#ent and ,et lack isdo&. 1A. Concerned citi)en: T!e &a,or9 an o%ts'oken critic o" t!e 'ro'osed restoration o" cit, !all9 is ri#!t !en !e notes t!at t!e b%ildin# is o%tdated9 b%t t!at t!e restoration o%ld be e('ensive at a ti&e !en t!e b%d#et is alread, ti#!t. 6e cannot a""ord s%c! a l%(%r, ite& in t!is ti&e o" "inancial restraint9 !e sa,s. :o ever9 I res'ect"%ll, disa#ree. T!e b%ildin# 'rovides t!e last re&ainin# link to t!e da,s o" t!e cit,s "o%ndin#9 and 'reservin# a sense o" &%nici'al !istor, is cr%cial to &aintainin# res'ect "or o%r cit, #overn&ent and its a%t!orit,. So to t!e 0%estion9 >Can e reall, a""ord to-? I can onl, res'ond9 >Can e a""ord not to-? 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, c!aracteri)es a "la in t!e concerned citi)ens ar#%&ent.A/ T!e ar#%&ent is solel, an e&otional a''eal to !istor,. .1/ T!e ar#%&ent a&bi#%o%sl, %ses t!e ord >a""ord.? .C/ T!e ar#%&ent ina''ro'riatel, a''eals to t!e a%t!orit, o" t!e &a,or. .3/ T!e ar#%&ent incorrectl, 'res%&es t!at t!e restoration o%ld be e('ensive. .E/ T!e ar#%&ent ina''ro'riatel, relies on t!e e&otional connotations o" ords s%c! as >o%tdated? and >l%(%r,.? 1B. 7bvio%sl,9 e cannot in an, real sense &istreat 'lants. Flants do not !ave http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AHB

nervo%s s,ste&s9 and !avin# a nervo%s s,ste& is necessar, to e('erience 'ain. T!e concl%sion above "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ An, or#anis& t!at can e('erience 'ain can be &istreated. .1/ 7nl, or#anis&s t!at !ave nervo%s s,ste&s can e('erience 'ain. .C/ An, or#anis& t!at !as a nervo%s s,ste& can e('erience 'ain. .3/ 7nl, or#anis&s t!at can e('erience 'ain can be &istreated. .E/ An, or#anis& t!at !as a nervo%s s,ste& can be &istreated. 1H. Ine): In t!ese 'oor econo&ic ti&es9 'eo'le ant to be s%re t!e, are #ettin# #ood val%e "or t!eir &one,. I 'redict 'eo'le o%ld be &ore illin# to b%, anti0%es at o%r "air i" e "irst !ave t!e ob+ects ins'ected b, 'ro"essional a''raisers !o o%ld re&ove an, ob+ects o" 0%estionable a%t!enticit,. Anika: I disa#ree it! ,o%r 'rediction. 7%r c%sto&ers alread, are anti0%es e('erts. $%rt!er&ore9 !irin# 'ro"essional a''raisers o%ld '%s! %' o%r costs considerabl,9 t!%s "orcin# %s to raise t!e 'rices on all anti0%es. Anikas res'onse 'roceeds b, .A/ indicatin# t!at a 'artic%lar 'lan o%ld !ave an e""ect contrar, to t!e antici'ated e""ect .1/ clai&in# t!at a 'artic%lar 'lan s!o%ld not be ado'ted beca%se9 !ile e""ective9 it o%ld !ave at least one %ndesirable conse0%ence .C/ ar#%in# t!at an alternative 'lan co%ld ac!ieve a desired res%lt &ore easil, t!an t!e 'lan ori#inall, 'ro'osed .3/ 0%estionin# t!e ass%&'tion t!at a%t!orities are available !o !ave s'ecial kno led#e o" t!e 'roble& %nder disc%ssion .E/ o""erin# a co%ntere(a&'le in order to s!o t!at a 'artic%lar #eneral clai& is too broadl, stated 5I. In so&e ill8considered 'o'%lari)ations o" interestin# c%rrent researc!9 it is ar#%ed t!at !i#!er a'es !ave t!e ca'acit, "or lan#%a#e b%t !ave never '%t it to %seKa re&arkable biolo#ical &iracle9 #iven t!e enor&o%s selectional advanta#e o" even &ini&al lin#%istic skills. It is rat!er like clai&in# t!at so&e ani&al !as in#s ade0%ate "or "li#!t b%t !as never t!o%#!t to "l,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar in its reasonin# to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Ar#%in# t!at t!ere are so&e !%&ans !o never slee' is rat!er like discoverin# a s'ecies o" lion t!at does not eat &eat. .1/ Ar#%in# t!at Eart! !as been visited b, aliens "ro& o%ter s'ace is rat!er like clai&in# t!at earl, e('lorers !ad visited 2ort! A&erican b%t never "o%nded cities. .C/ Ar#%in# t!at t!e !%&an brain !as telekinetic 'o ers t!at no !%&ans !ave http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

AHH

ever e(ercised is rat!er like ar#%in# t!at so&e insect !as le#s b%t never %ses t!e& to alk. .3/ Clai&in# t!at so&e 'eo'le raised tobacco b%t did not s&oke it is rat!er like clai&in# t!at a societ, t!at kne !o to bre alco!ol never drink it. .E/ Ar#%in# t!at not all 'eo'le it! cars ill drive t!e& is rat!er like clai&in# t!at !%&ans invented #asoline lon# be"ore t!e, %sed it as "%el "or trans'ortation. Questions !1-!! Sara!: so&e sc!ools seek to "oster a !abit o" vol%nteerin# in t!eir st%dents b, re0%irin# t!e& to 'er"or& co&&%nit, service. 1%t since a 'erson !o !as been "orced to do so&et!in# !as not reall, vol%nteered and since t!e !abit o" vol%nteerin# cannot be said to !ave been "ostered in a 'erson !o !as not ,et vol%nteered "or an,t!in#9 t!ere is no a, t!is 'olic, can s%cceed b, itsel". Fa%l: I disa#ree. So&e st%dents "orced to 'er"or& co&&%nit, service !ave en+o,ed it so &%c! t!at t!e, s%bse0%entl, act%all, vol%nteer to do so&et!in# si&ilar. In s%c! cases9 t!e 'olic, can clearl, be said to !ave "ostered a !abit o" vol%nteerin#. 51. Fa%l res'onds to Sara!s ar#%&ent %sin# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&entative tec!ni0%es.A/ :e ar#%es t!at Sara! is ass%&in# +%st !at s!e sets o%t to 'rove. .1/ :e ar#%es t!at Sara!s conce'tion o" !at it &eans to vol%nteer e(cl%des certain activities t!at o%#!t to be considered instances o" vol%nteerin#. .C/ :e introd%ces considerations t!at call into 0%estion one o" Sara!s ass%&'tions. .3/ :e 0%estions Sara!s &otives "or advancin# an ar#%&ent a#ainst t!e sc!ool 'olic,. .E/ :e ar#%es t!at a 'olic, Sara! "ails to consider co%ld acco&'lis! t!e sa&e ai& as t!e 'olic, t!at Sara! considers. 55. T!e &ain 'oint at iss%e bet een Sara! and Fa%l is !et!er .A/ t!ere are an, circ%&stances %nder !ic! an individ%al "orced to 'er"or& a task can correctl, be said to !ave #en%inel, vol%nteered to 'er"or& t!at task .1/ bein# "orced to 'er"or& co&&%nit, service can 'rovide en+o,&ent to t!e individ%al !o is "orced to 'er"or& s%c! service .C/ bein# "orced to 'er"or& co&&%nit, device can b, itsel" enco%ra#e a #en%ine !abit o" vol%nteerin# in t!ose st%dents !o are "orced to 'er"or& s%c! service .3/ it is 'ossible "or sc!ool to develo' 'olicies t!at "oster t!e !abit o" vol%nteerin# in t!eir st%dents .E/ st%dents !o develo' a !abit o" vol%nteerin# !ile in sc!ool are inclined to 'er"or& co&&%nit, service later in t!eir lives http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BII

5<. 7nl, co&'%ter scientists %nderstand t!e arc!itect%re o" 'ersonal co&'%ters9 and onl, t!ose !o %nderstand t!e arc!itect%re o" 'ersonal co&'%ters a''reciate t!e advances in tec!nolo#, &ade in t!e last decade. It "ollo s t!at onl, t!ose !o a''reciate t!ese advances are co&'%ter scientists. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes a "la in t!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e ar#%&ent contains no stated or i&'lied relations!i' bet een co&'%ter scientists and t!ose !o a''reciate t!e advances in tec!nolo#, in t!e last decade. .1/ T!e ar#%&ent i#nores t!e "act t!at so&e co&'%ter scientists &a, not a''reciate t!e advances in tec!nolo#, &ade in t!e last decade. .C/ T!e ar#%&ent i#nores t!e "act t!at co&'%ter scientists &a, a''reciate ot!er t!in#s besides t!e advances in tec!nolo#, &ade in t!e last decade. .3/ T!e 're&ises o" t!e ar#%&ent are stated in s%c! a a, t!at t!e, e(cl%de t!e 'ossibilit, o" dra in# an, lo#ical concl%sion. .E/ T!e 're&ises o" t!e ar#%&ent 'res%''ose t!at ever,one %nderstands t!e arc!itect%re o" 'ersonal co&'%ters. 5C. Sociolo#ist: Researc! s!o s9 contrar, to 'o'%lar o'inion9 t!at9 all ot!er t!in#s bein# e0%al9 &ost 'eo'le !o !ave 'ets are less !a'', t!an &ost 'eo'le !o do not. T!ere"ore9 an, 'erson !o ants to be as !a'', as 'ossible o%ld do ell to consider not !avin# a 'et. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e sociolo#ists ar#%&ent.A/ So&e 'eo'le !o !ave 'ets are !a''ier t!an &ost 'eo'le !o do not. .1/ Most 'eo'le !o !ave no 'ets occasionall, is! t!at t!e, !ad 'ets. .C/ Most 'eo'le !o !ave 'ets are reasonabl, !a'',. .3/ Most 'eo'le !o !ave 'ets "eel !a''ier beca%se t!e, !ave 'ets. .E/ All 'eo'le !o !ave no 'ets ad&it to "eelin# %n!a'', so&eti&es. 5@. T!e d ar" &asked o l9 a rare &i#rator, bird o" 're,9 nor&all, &akes its inter !o&e on t!e 1a+a 'enins%la9 !ere it nests in t!e s'in, cact%s. In "act9 t!ere are no ot!er s%itable nestin# sites "or t!e d ar" &asked o l on t!e 1a+a 'enins%la. 1%t a bli#!t last s'rin# destro,ed all o" t!e s'in, cacti on t!e 1a+a 'enins%la. So %nless ste's are taken to reestablis! t!e s'in, cact%s 'o'%lation9 t!e d ar" &asked o l ill not &ake its !o&e on t!e 1a+a 'enins%la t!is inter. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 2o birds o" 're, ot!er t!an t!e d ar" &asked o l nest in t!e s'in, cact%s. .1/ I" t!e 1a+a 'enins%la contains s'in, cacti9 t!en t!e d ar" &asked o l &akes its inter !o&e t!ere. .C/ 7n occasion t!e d ar" &asked o l !as been kno n to &ake its inter !o&e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BI1

"ar "ro& its nor&al &i#rator, ro%te. .3/ T!e d ar" &asked o l ill not &ake its inter !o&e on t!e 1a+a 'enins%la onl, i" t!at re#ion contains no s'in, cacti. .E/ S%itable nestin# sites &%st be 'resent !ere t!e d ar" &asked o l &asked its inter !o&e. 5G. At ni#!t9 a "lock o" cro s ill #enerall, 'erc! close to#et!er in a s&all 'laceK o"ten a 'iece o" ooded landKcalled a roost. Eac! &ornin#9 t!e cro s leave t!e roost and "an o%t in s&all #ro%'s to !%nt and scaven#e t!e s%rro%ndin# area. $or &ost "locks9 t!e cro s !%ntin# e(tends as "ar as 1II to 1<I kilo&eters .GI to BI &iles/ "ro& t!e roost. 2or&all,9 a "lock ill contin%e to occ%', t!e sa&e roost "or several consec%tive ,ears9 and !en it abandons a roost site "or a ne one t!e ne roost is %s%all, less t!an ei#!t kilo&eters ."ive &iles/ a a,. 7" t!e "ollo in# clai&s9 !ic! one can &ost +%sti"iabl, be re+ected on t!e basis o" t!e state&ent above.A/ Cro s ill abandon t!eir roost site onl, in res'onse to increase in t!e 'o'%lation o" t!e "lock. .1/ 6!en t!ere is a s!orta#e o" "ood in t!e area in !ic! a "lock o" cro s nor&all, !%nts and scaven#es9 so&e &e&bers o" t!e "lock ill be#in to !%nt and scaven#e o%tside t!at area. .C/ Most o" t!e !%ntin# and scaven#in# t!at cro s do occ%rs &ore t!an ei#!t kilo&eters ."ive &iles/ "ro& t!eir roost. .3/ 7nce a "lock o" cro s !as settled on a ne roost site9 it is e(tre&el, di""ic%lt to "orce it to abandon t!at site "or anot!er. .E/ 6!en a "lock o" cro s &oves to a ne roost site9 it #enerall, does so beca%se t!e area in !ic! it !as !%nted and scaven#ed !as been de'leted o" "ood so%rces.

TEST 28
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

Ins%rance t!at as to beco&e e""ective at H A.M. on a certain date as taken o%t on t!e li"e o" a "li#!t attendant. :e died on t!at date at 1I A.M. local ti&e9 !ic! as t o !o%rs be"ore H A.M. in t!e ti&e )one !ere t!e 'olic, !ad been '%rc!ased. T!e ins%rance co&'an, contended t!at t!e 'olic, !ad not beco&e e""ectiveD a re'resentative o" t!e "li#!t attendants bene"iciar,9 !is &ot!er9 co%ntered b, ar#%in# t!at t!e 'olic, a&o%nt s!o%ld be 'aid beca%se t!e attendant !ad been !is &ot!ers sole s%''ort9 and s!e as ill.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BI5

T!e re'resentatives ar#%&ent is "la ed as a co%nter to t!e ins%rance co&'an,s contention beca%se .A/ t!e concl%sion is no &ore t!an a 'ara'!rase o" evidence o""ered in s%''ort o" it .1/ it a''eals to t!e e&otion o" 'it, rat!er t!an addressin# t!e iss%e raised .C/ it &akes an %n arranted distinction bet een "a&il, obli#ations and b%siness obli#ations .3/ it s%bstit%tes an attack on a 'erson "or t!e #ivin# o" reasons .E/ a ca%se and its e""ect are &istaken "or eac! ot!er 5. 7nce a c!ilds i&a#ination beco&es develo'ed9 a !ost o" i&a#inar, creat%res &a, tor&ent t!e c!ild. 1%t t!is ne l, develo'ed co#nitive ca'acit, &a, also be %sed to render t!ese creat%res !ar&less. $or instance9 a c!ilds ne to, &a, be i&a#ined as an all,9 'o er"%l eno%#! to ard o"" an, i&a#inar, t!reats. T!e t,'e o" sit%ation described above &ost closel, con"or&s to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'ro'ositions.A/ So&e ne l, develo'ed ca'acities onl, #ive rise to 'roble&s. .1/ So&eti&es t!e ca%se o" a 'roble& &a, also 'rovide its sol%tion. .C/ C!ildren are not able to distin#%is! bet een real and i&a#inar, t!reats. .3/ T!e &ost e""ective a, "or c!ildren to address t!eir "ears is to ackno led#e t!e&. .E/ Most 'roble&s associated it! c!ild8rearin# can be solved it! a little i&a#ination. <. Tris!a: Toda,s "a&il, is declinin# in its abilit, to carr, o%t its "%nctions o" c!ild8 rearin# and 'rovidin# stabilit, "or ad%lt li"e. T!ere &%st be a ret%rn to t!e traditional val%es o" co&&it&ent and res'onsibilit,. Jerod: 6e o%#!t to leave !at is #ood eno%#! alone. Conte&'orar, "a&ilies &a, be less stable t!an traditionall,9 b%t &ost 'eo'le do not "ind t!at to be bad. Conte&'orar, criticis&s o" t!e "a&il, are overblo n and destr%ctive. Tris!a and Jerod disa#ree over !et!er t!e instit%tion o" t!e "a&il, is .A/ ade0%ate as it is .1/ c!an#in# over ti&e .C/ val%ed b, &ost 'eo'le .3/ not #oin# to s%rvive .E/ no lon#er traditional C. Folitician F: M, o''onent clai&s t!at t!e #overn&ent is obli#ated to raise ta(es to increase "%ndin# "or sc!ools and !ealt! care. 1eca%se raisin# ta(es to increase "%ndin# "or sc!ools and !ealt! care o%ld &ake ta('a,ers %'set over t!eir loss o" b%,in# 'o er9 &, o''onent is si&'l, &istaken.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BI<

Folitician Fs reasonin# is 0%estionable beca%se it involves .A/ 'res%''osin# t!at a clai& is &istaken on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e 'erson de"endin# it advocates ot!er %n'o'%lar vie s .1/ ass%&in# t!at a clai& is "alse on t!e #ro%nds t!at t!e 'erson de"endin# it is o" 0%estionable c!aracter .C/ concl%din# t!at a vie is "alse on t!e #ro%nds t!at its i&'le&entation o%ld lead to %n!a''iness .3/ a''ealin# to !oll, irrelevant iss%es to de"lect attention a a, "ro& t!e real iss%e .E/ insistin# t!at an obli#ation e(ists it!o%t o""erin# an, evidence t!at e(ists @. In de"endin# t!e :,'erion Sc!ool o" Jo%rnalis& "ro& c!ar#es t!at its 'ro#ra& is o" little or no val%e to its st%dents9 t!e dean o" t!e sc!ool 'ointed to t!is recent s%ccess in 'lacin# st%dents: G@ 'ercent o" its #rad%ates ent on to interns!i's or +obs in 'rint or broadcast +o%rnalis&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e de"ense o""ered b, t!e dean.A/ More t!an !al" o" t!e sc!ools st%dents ca&e "ro& +obs in +o%rnalis& to i&'rove t!eir skills. .1/ So&e ne s'a'er editors do not re#ard +o%rnalis& sc!ool as a necessar, 'art o" t!e trainin# o" a +o%rnalist. .C/ T!e n%&ber o" cities it! &ore t!an one &a+or ne s'a'er !as declined s!ar'l, over t!e last 5@ ,ears. .3/ T!e 'ro#ra& o""ered b, t!e :,'erion Sc!ool o" Jo%rnalis& is si&ilar in 0%alit, and content to t!ose o""ered b, its 'eer instit%tions. .E/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" a''licants to t!e :,'erion Sc!ool o" Jo%rnalis& t!at are ad&itted is lo er t!an it as t!e ,ears a#o. G. T!e lar#est volcano on Mars rises 5G Milo&eters above t!e s%rro%ndin# 'lain and covers an area ro%#!l, t!e si)e o" Ro&ania. Even i" t!e Eart!s #ravit, ere as lo as t!e #ravit, o" Mars9 no volcano o" s%c! si)e co%ld e(ist on Eart!9 "or t!e Eart!s cr%st9 alt!o%#! o" essentiall, t!e sa&e co&'osition as t!at o" t!e Mars9 is too t!in to s%''ort even a s&all "raction o" t!at &ass and o%ld b%ckle %nder it9 ca%sin# t!e &o%ntain to sink. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 !ic! o" "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e on t!e basis o" t!e&.A/ T!e s%r"ace o" Mars is less s%b+ect to "orces o" erosion t!an is t!e s%r"ace o" t!e Eart!. .1/ T!e !i#!est volcanoes on Mars occ%r !ere its cr%st is t!ickest. .C/ 7n avera#e9 volcanoes on Mars are !i#!er t!an t!ose on Eart!. .3/ T!e cr%st o" Mars9 at least at certain 'oints on t!e 'lanet9 is t!icker t!an t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BIC

cr%st o" t!e Eart!. .E/ At least so&e o" Eart!s volcanoes o%ld be lar#er t!an t!e, act%all, are i" t!e Eart!s cr%st ere t!icker t!an it is. A. S'eakers o" t!e Caronian lan#%a#e constit%te a &inorit, o" t!e 'o'%lation in several lar#e co%ntries. An international bod, !as reco&&ended t!at t!e re#ions !ere Caronian8s'eakers live be #ranted a%tono&, as an inde'endent nation in !ic! Caronian8s'eakers o%ld "or& a &a+orit,. 1%t Caronian8s'eakers live in several9 ildl, scattered areas t!at cannot be %nited it!in a sin#le contin%o%s bo%ndar, !ile at t!e sa&e ti&e allo in# Caronian8s'eakers to be t!e &a+orit, 'o'%lation. :ence9 t!e reco&&endation cannot be satis"ied. T!e ar#%&ent relies on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ A nation once e(isted in !ic! Caronian8s'eakers "or&ed t!e &a+orit, o" t!e 'o'%lation. .1/ Caronian8s'eakers tend to 'erceive t!e&selves as constit%tin# a sin#le co&&%nit,. .C/ T!e reco&&endation o%ld not be satis"ied b, t!e creation o" a nation "or&ed o" disconnected re#ions. .3/ T!e ne Caronian nation ill not incl%de as citi)ens an,one !o does not s'eak Caronian. .E/ In &ost nations several di""erent lan#%a#es are s'oken. B. Sociolo#ist: T!e el"are state cannot be s%ccess"%ll, i&'le&ented beca%se it rests on t!e ass%&'tion t!at !%&an bein#s are %nsel"is!Ka see&in#l, "alse ass%&'tion. T!e el"are state is "easible onl, i" a#e earners are 're'ared to !ave t!eir !ard8earned "%nds %sed to !el' ot!ers in #reater need9 and t!at re0%ires an %nsel"is! attit%de. 1%t 'eo'le innatel, seek t!eir o n ell8bein#9 es'eciall, !en t!e interests o" ot!ers t!reaten it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e sociolo#ists ar#%&ent.A/ T!e el"are state ill not ork. .1/ T!e el"are state %n"airl, asks t!ose !o ork !ard to !el' t!ose in #reater need. .C/ T!e ass%&'tion t!at !%&an bein#s are %nsel"is! is "alse. .3/ T!e interests o" t!e less "ort%nate i&'in#e on t!e interests o" ot!ers. .E/ T!e el"are state relies on t!e #enerosit, o" a#e earners. H. Earl, 'encil leads ere &ade o" solid #ra'!ite &ined in C%&berland9 in 1ritain. Modern &et!ods o" &an%"act%rin# 'encil leads "ro& 'o dered #ra'!ite are t!e res%lt o" researc! s'onsored b, t!e #overn&ent o" $rance in t!e 1AHIs9 !en $rance as at ar it! 1ritain and t!%s !ad no access to C%&berland #ra'!ite. T!e in"or&ation above &ost stron#l, s%''orts !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BI@

.A/ T!e orlds onl, de'osit o" #ra'!ite s%itable "or &an%"act%re o" 'encils is in C%&berland9 in 1ritain. .1/ In t!e 1AHIs9 $rances #overn&ent did not kno o" an, accessible so%rce o" solid #ra'!ite a''ro'riate to &eet $rances need "or 'encils. .C/ 7ne o" t!e ca%ses o" ar bet een $rance and 1ritain in t!e 1AHIs as t!e 1ritis! #overn&ents atte&'t to li&it t!e a&o%nt o" C%&berland #ra'!ite bein# e('orted to $rance. .3/ Govern&ent8s'onsored researc! "re0%entl, #ives rise to inventions t!at are o" #reat bene"it to societ,. .E/ Even toda,9 all 'encil leads contain C%&berland #ra'!ite. Questions 10-11 Co&&ercial 'assen#er air'lanes can be e0%i''ed it! a collision8avoidance radar s,ste& t!at 'rovide it! in"or&ation abo%t t!e 'ro(i&it, o" ot!er air'lanes. 1eca%se t!e s,ste& arns 'ilots to take evasive action !en it indicates a 'ossible collision9 'assen#ers are sa"er on air'lanes e0%i''ed it! t!e s,ste& t!an on co&'arable air'lanes not so e0%i''ed9 even t!o%#! t!e s,ste& "re0%entl, ar&s 'ilots to evade '!anto& air'lanes. 1I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Fassen#ers "eel no sa"er on air'lanes e0%i''ed it! t!e radar s,ste& t!an on co&'arable air'lanes not so e0%i''ed. .1/ 6arnin#s #iven b, a collision8avoidance s,ste& abo%t '!anto& air'lanes are not ca%sed b, distorted radar si#nals. .C/ T!e "re0%enc, o" invalid arnin#s ill not ca%se 'ilots ro%tinel, to disre#ard t!e s,ste&s arnin#s. .3/ Co&&ercial 'assen#er air'lanes are not t!e onl, 'lanes t!at can be e0%i''ed it! collision8avoidance s,ste&. .E/ T!e #reatest sa"et, risk "or 'assen#ers travelin# on co&&ercial 'assen#er air'lanes is t!at o" a &idair collision. 11. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Evasive action taken in res'onse to t!e s,ste&s arnin# 'oses no risk to t!e 'assen#ers. .1/ Co&&ercial 'assen#er air'lanes are in #reater dan#er o" collidin# it! ot!er air'lanes !ile on t!e #ro%nd t!an t!e, are !ile on "li#!t. .C/ Co&&ercial 'assen#er air'lanes are rarel, involved in collisions !ile in "li#!t. .3/ A st%d, b, #ro%nd8based air tra""ic controllers "o%nd t!an G< 'ercent o" t!e arnin#s b, t!e s,ste& ere invalid. .E/ T!e collision8avoidance radar s,ste& is r%n b, a co&'%teri)ed device on t!e 'lane t!at scans t!e sk, and calc%lates t!e distances bet een 'lanes. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BIG

15. T!e !i#!er t!e avera#e "at intake a&on# t!e residents o" a co%ntr,9 t!e !i#!er t!e incidence o" cancer in t!at co%ntr,D t!e lo er t!e avera#e "at intake9 t!e lo er t!e incidence o" cancer. So individ%als !o ant to red%ce t!eir risk o" cancer s!o%ld red%ce t!eir "at intake. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost eaken t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e di""erences in avera#e "at intake bet een co%ntries are o"ten d%e to t!e var,in# &ake%' o" traditional diets. .1/ T!e co%ntries it! a !i#! avera#e "at intake tend to be a&on# t!e ealt!iest in t!e orld. .C/ Cancer is a 'ro&inent ca%se o" deat! in co%ntries it! a lo avera#e "at intake. .3/ T!e co%ntries it! !i#! avera#e "at intake are also t!e co%ntries it! !i#!est levels o" environ&ental 'oll%tion. .E/ An individ%al resident o" a co%ntr, !ose 'o'%lation !as a !i#! avera#e "at intake &a, !ave a diet it! a lo "at intake. 1<. A local television station is considerin# a 'lan to create a 'anel o" c!ild 's,c!olo#ists to revie 'ro#ra&s in advance o" t!eir airin# and rate t!e level o" violence. A 'ro#ra& t!at 'ortra,s a !i#! level o" violence o%ld be listed in ne s'a'ers it! "o%r #%ns a"ter t!e title. 7n t!e ot!er !and9 i" a s!o !as little violence9 one #%n o%ld a''ear a"ter its listin#. T!e station believes t!at t!is re&ed, o%ld "ore arn 'arents abo%t t!e level o" violence in an, #iven 'ro#ra&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st t!e television station ass%&e in order to concl%de t!at t!e 'lan ill &eet its stated '%r'ose.A/ Farents o%ld read and 'a, attention to t!e ratin#s listed in t!e ne s'a'ers. .1/ T!ere o%ld be "e er s!o s rated it! one #%n t!an it! "o%r #%ns. .C/ T!e ratin# s,ste& described in t!e 'assa#e is t!e &ost e""ective s,ste& available. .3/ T!e local television station !as an obli#ation to "ore arn 'arents o" t!e level o" violence in television s!o s. .E/ Television 'rod%cers o" 'ro#ra&s rated as !avin# !i#! levels o" violence o%ld &ake an e""ort to red%ce t!ose levels. 1C. T!e co&&on ancestors o" A%stralian land8 and tree8d ellin# kan#aroos !ad 're!ensile .#ras'in#/ tails and lon# o''osable t!%&bs9 attrib%tes t!at are ell8 ada'ted to tree8d ellin# b%t o""er kan#aroos "e advanta#es on land. It is !ardl, s%r'risin#9 t!ere"ore9 t!at land8d ellin# kan#aroos event%all, lost t!ese attrib%tesD !at is '%))lin# is t!e "act t!at all &odern tree8d ellin# kan#aroos no lack t!e& as ell. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's e('lain t!e '%))lin# "act cited above.A/ Modern tree8d ellin# kan#aroos &%st back do n tree tr%nks slo l, and http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BIA

care"%ll,9 b%t t!e co&&on ancestors o" &odern tree8 and land8d ellin# kan#aroos %sed t!eir o''osable t!%&bs to descend trees 0%ickl, !ead"irst. .1/ Modern tree8d ellin# kan#aroos are s&aller t!an &ost &odern land8d ellin# kan#aroos b%t lar#er t!an t!eir co&&on ancestors. .C/ Modern tree8d ellin# kan#aroos tails cannot #ras' branc!es9 b%t t!e, are so&e !at lon#er and &ore "le(ible t!an t!ose o" &odern land8d ellin# kan#aroos. .3/ Modern tree8d ellin# kan#aroos are descended "ro& s'ecies o" land8 d ellin# kan#aroos t!at !ad been land8d ellers "or &an, #enerations be"ore &odern tree8d ellin# kan#aroos started to develo'. .E/ Modern tree8d ellin# kan#aroos !ave s&aller and eaker !ind le#s t!an &odern land8d ellin# kan#aroos9 and t!e, &ove &ore slo l, on land t!an do &odern land8d ellin# kan#aroos. 1@. Editorialist: Societ, is obli#ed to besto t!e 'rivile#es o" ad%lt!ood %'on its &e&bers once t!e, are &at%re eno%#! to acce't t!e corres'ondin# res'onsibilities. 1%t science !as establis!ed t!at '!,siolo#ical develo'&ent is co&'leted in &ost 'ersons b, a#e seventeen. Since t!is &at%rin# 'rocess !as been co&'leted b, &ost seventeen8,ear8olds9 t!ere is no reason not to #rant t!ese citi)ens all o" 'rivile#es o" ad%lt!ood. T!e editorialists ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nd t!at it .A/ ass%&es t!at it is tr,in# to 'rove .1/ too !astil, reac!es a #eneral concl%sion on t!e basis o" a "e e(a&'les .C/ e0%ivocates it! res'ect to a central conce't .3/ too readil, acce'ts acclai& b, a''eal to ina''ro'riate a%t!orit, .E/ i#nores t!e "act t!at so&e 'eo'le are &at%re at a#e si(teen 1G. Ever, ne 'la, t!at r%ns "or &ore t!an t!ree &ont!s is eit!er a co&&ercial or a critical s%ccess. Last ,ear9 all ne 'la,s t!at ere critical s%ccesses ere also co&&ercial s%ccesses. T!ere"ore9 ever, ne 'la, t!at ran "or &ore t!an t!ree &ont!s last ,ear as co&&ercial s%ccess. T!e 'attern o" reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Most ne resta%rants are eit!er #ood '%blicit, or a #ood location in order to s%cceed. 1%t &ost resta%rants it! a #ood location also receive #ood '%blicit,. :ence9 a resta%rant t!at !as a #ood location is #%aranteed to s%cceed. .1/ Ever, best8sellin# cookbook '%blis!ed last ,ear is bot! ell ritten and contains bea%ti"%l '!oto#ra'!s. T!e cookbook C,nt!ia Cleveland '%blis!ed last ,ear is ell ritten and contains bea%ti"%l '!oto#ra'!s. T!ere"ore9 Cleveland cookbook is a best seller. .C/ All st%dents at t!e $ree&an Sc!ool o" Cookin# st%d, eit!er desserts or so%'s http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BIB

in t!eir second ,ear. T!is ,ear9 all $ree&an st%dents st%d,in# so%'s are also st%d,in# desserts. T!ere"ore9 ever, second8,ear st%dents at $ree&an is st%d,in# desserts t!is ,ear. .3/ C!e"s !o beco&e celebrities eit!er o'en t!eir o n resta%rants or rite books abo%t t!eir cra"t9 b%t not bot!. Jo!n Endicott is a celebrated c!e" !o o'ened !is o n resta%rant. T!ere"ore9 Endicott does not rite books abo%t !is cra"t. .E/ Ever, caterin# service in 6oodside To ns!i' ill acce't bot! residential and b%siness caterin# assi#n&ents. Fe##,s $ine $oods is a caterin# service t!at ill not acce't b%siness caterin# assi#n&ents. :ence9 Fe##,s $ine $oods is not in 6oodside To ns!i's. 1A. Co&&issioner: I !ave been incorrectl, critici)ed "or !avin# &ade &, decision on t!e 'o er 'lant iss%e 're&at%rel,. I based &, decision on t!e re'ort 're'ared b, t!e nei#!bor!ood association and alt!o%#! I !ave not st%died it t!oro%#!l,9 I a& s%re t!at t!e in"or&ation it contains is acc%rate. Moreover9 ,o% &a, recall t!at !en I received in'%t "ro& t!e nei#!bor!ood association on +ail relocation9 I a#reed it! its reco&&endation. T!e co&&issioners ar#%&ent is LEAST v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&.A/ It takes "or #ranted t!at t!e associations in"or&ation is not distorted b, bias. .1/ It dra s a concl%sion abo%t t!e reco&&endations o" t!e association "ro& inco&'lete recollections. .C/ It takes "or #ranted t!at t!e associations re'ort is t!e onl, direct evidence t!at needed to be considered. .3/ It !astil, concl%des t!at t!e associations re'ort is acc%rate it!o%t !avin# st%died it in detail. .E/ It takes "or #ranted t!at a#reein# it! t!e associations 'ast reco&&endation !el's +%sti", a#reein# it! its c%rrent reco&&endation. 1B. Eac! c!ild in a #ro%' o" ,o%n# c!ildren read alo%d bot! a s!ort 'ara#ra'! and a list o" rando&l, ordered ords "ro& t!e 'ara#ra'!. T!e &ore e('erienced readers a&on# t!e& &ade "e er 'ron%nciation errors in !ic!ever task t!e, 'er"or&ed second9 !et!er it as t!e list or t!e 'ara#ra'!. T!e order in !ic! t!e t o tasks ere 'er"or&ed9 !o ever9 !ad no e""ect on t!e 'er"or&ance o" be#innin# readers9 !o al a,s &ade "e er 'ron%nciation errors !en readin# t!e 'ara#ra'! t!an !en readin# t!e list. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain !, t!e order in !ic! t!e tasks ere 'er"or&ed as not si#ni"icant "or t!e be#innin# readers.A/ 1eca%se several ords ere %sed &ore t!an once in t!e 'ara#ra'! b%t onl, once in t!e list9 t!e list as s!orter t!an t!e 'ara#ra'!. .1/ In readin# t!e 'ara#ra'!9 t!e &ore e('erienced readers ere better at %sin# http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BIH

conte(t to #%ess at di""ic%lt ords t!an ere t!e be#innin# readers. .C/ T!e &ore e('erienced readers so%nded o%t di""ic%lt ords9 !ile t!e be#innin# readers relied solel, on conte(t to #%ess at di""ic%lt ords. .3/ 1ot! tasks %sed t!e sa&e ords9 so t!at t!e ords t!e c!ildren read in !ic!ever task as 'er"or&ed "irst o%ld be reco#ni)ed in t!e second task. .E/ T!e be#innin# readers &ade &ore 'ron%nciation errors t!an t!e &ore e('erienced readers did in readin# bot! t!e 'ara#ra'! and t!e list. 1H. Ant!ro'olo#ist: 4iolence is an e(tre&e "or& o" a##ression9 and is distinct "ro& t!e sel"8e('ression s%""icient "or s%rvival %nder nor&al conditions. :%&an bein#s in certain sit%ations react to %n'leasant sti&%li it! violenceKb%t onl, beca%se t!e, are conditioned b, t!eir c%lt%re to react in t!is &anner. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# can be lo#icall, in"erred "ro& t!e ant!ro'olo#ists state&ents EECEFT: .A/ 2ot all a##ression is violent. .1/ T!e sel"8e('ression re0%ired "or s%rvival is #enerall, nona##ressive. .C/ So&e be!aviors are in"l%enced b, t!e c%lt%res in !ic! !%&an bein#s live. .3/ In nor&al circ%&stance9 !%&an bein#s can s%rvive b, res'ondin# nonviolentl,. .E/ 4iolent be!avior is a 'rod%ct o" ones c%lt%ral environ&ent. 5I. Mart!as "riend9 !o is ver, kno led#eable abo%t edible "lo ers9 told Mart!a t!at t!ere are no edible daisies9 at least not an, t!at are 'alatable. Mart!a9 !o ever9 reasons t!at since t!ere are daisies t!at are a kind o" c!r,sant!e&%& and since t!ere are edible c!r,sant!e&%&s t!at are 0%ite 'alatable9 !at !er "riend told !er &%st be incorrect. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# !as a "la ed 'attern o" reasonin# &ost like t!at in Mart!as reasonin#.A/ Jeanne is a &e&ber o" t!e cit, c!or%s9 and t!e cit, c!or%s is reno ned. So Jeanne is an e(cellent sin#er. .1/ Rol"e belon#s to t!e librar, readin# #ro%'9 and all &e&bers o" t!at #ro%' are avid readers. So Rol"e is an avid reader. .C/ So&e o" 2orikos sisters are on t!e debate tea&9 and so&e &e&bers o" t!e debate tea& are 'oor st%dents. So at least one o" 2orikos sisters &%st be a 'oor st%dent. .3/ Most o" Leos "riends are #ood s i&&ers9 and 0%ite stron#. So it is likel, t!at at least so&e o" Leons "riends are 0%ite stron#. .E/ Man, o" Teresas collea#%es !ave ritten books. Most o" t!e books t!e, !ave ritten are on #ood ritin#. So so&e o" Teresas collea#%es are #ood riters. 51. Attorne, "or Qie#ler: M, client contin%ed to do cons%ltin# ork bet een t!e ti&e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1I

o" !is arrest "or atte&'ted &%rder and t!e start o" t!is trial. 1%t I contend t!at Qie#ler as insane at t!e ti&e t!at !e "ired t!e s!ot. T!is is t!e onl, reasonable concl%sion to dra "ro& t!e "act t!at t!e acc%sers !ave s%b&itted no evidence t!at !e as sane at t!e ti&e !e '%lled t!e tri##er9 onl, t!at !e as sane so&e ti&e a"ter !e did so. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes a "la in t!e reasonin# o" Qie#lers attorne,.A/ It 'res%&es t!at bein# a ell8ed%cated 'ro"essional is relevant to bein# #%ilt, or innocent. .1/ It concl%des on t!e basis o" evidence a#ainst Qie#lers bein# sane t!at t!ere is a lack o" evidence "or Qie#lers bein# sane. .C/ It "ails to consider t!at Qie#ler &i#!t !ave been insane !en !e orked as a cons%ltant. .3/ It 'res%&es t!at !et!er one is sane is relevant to !et!er one is &orall, res'onsible "or ones actions. .E/ It "ails to consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at Qie#lers bein# sane a"ter t!e s!ootin# is an indication t!at !e as sane at t!e ti&e o" t!e s!ootin#. 55. Most st%dents are bored b, !istor, co%rses as t!e, are %s%all, ta%#!t9 'ri&aril, beca%se a lar#e a&o%nt o" ti&e is s'ent teac!in# dates and statistic. T!e best a, to teac! !istor,9 t!ere"ore9 is to s'end &ost class ti&e reco%ntin# t!e lives o" !istorical "i#%res and ver, little on dates and statistics. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends EECEFT: .A/ 7ne s!o%ld avoid borin# ones st%dents !en teac!in# a !istor, co%rse. .1/ It is not inco&'atible it! t!e attainable #oals o" teac!in# !istor, to s'end ver, little class ti&e on dates and statistics. .C/ It is 'ossible to reco%nt t!e lives o" !istorical "i#%res it!o%t re"errin# to dates and statistics. .3/ It is co&'atible it! t!e attainable #oals o" teac!in# !istor, to s'end &ost class ti&e reco%ntin# t!e lives o" !istorical "i#%res. .E/ St%dents are &ore bored b, !istor, co%rses as t!e, are %s%all, ta%#!t t!an t!e, o%ld be b, co%rses t!at s'end &ost class ti&e reco%ntin# t!e lives o" !istorical "i#%res. 5<. In a certain &%nici'alit,9 a +%d#e overt%rned a s%s'ects conviction "or 'ossession o" an ille#al ea'on. T!e s%s'ect !ad "led %'on seein# 'olice and s%bse0%entl, discarded t!e ille#al ea'on a"ter t!e 'olice #ave c!ase. T!e +%d#e reasoned as "ollo s: t!e onl, ca%se "or t!e 'olice #ivin# c!ase as t!e s%s'ects "li#!tD b, itsel"9 "li#!t "ro& t!e 'olice does not create a reasonable s%s'icion o" a cri&inal actD evidence collected d%rin# an ille#al c!ase is inad&issibleD t!ere"ore9 t!e evidence in t!is case as inad&issible. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B11

6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost !el's to +%sti", t!e +%d#es decision t!at t!e evidence as inad&issible.A/ $li#!t "ro& t!e 'olice co%ld create a reasonable s%s'icion o" a cri&inal act as lon# as ot!er si#ni"icant "actors are involved. .1/ Feo'le can le#all, "lee "ro& t!e 'olice onl, !en t!ose 'eo'le are not involved in a cri&inal act at t!e ti&e. .C/ Folice can le#all, #ive c!ase to a 'erson onl, !en t!e 'ersons actions !ave created a reasonable s%s'icion o" a cri&inal act. .3/ $li#!t "ro& t!e 'olice s!o%ld not itsel" be considered a cri&inal act. .E/ In all cases in !ic! a 'ersons actions !ave created a reasonable s%s'icion o" a cri&inal act9 'olice can le#all, #ive c!ase to t!at 'erson. Questions !4-!5 Monica: T!e sc%l't%re co&&issioned "or o%r to n 'la)a !as been scorned b, t!e '%blic ever since it ent %'. 1%t since t!e 'eo'le in o%r to n do not kno ver, &%c! abo%t conte&'orar, art9 t!e %n'o'%larit, o" t!e ork sa,s not!in# abo%t its artistic &erit and t!%s #ives no reason "or re&ovin# it. :ector: *o% &a, be ri#!t abo%t !at t!e sc%l't%res 'o'%larit, &eans abo%t its artistic &erit. :o ever9 a ork o" art t!at as co&&issioned "or a '%blic s'ace o%#!t to bene"it t!e '%blic9 and 'o'%lar o'inion is %lti&atel, t!e onl, a, o" deter&inin# !at t!e '%blic "eels is to its bene"it. T!%s9 i" '%blic o'inion o" t!is sc%l't%re is !at ,o% sa,9 t!en it certainl, o%#!t to be re&oved. 5C. Monicas and :ectors state&ents co&&it t!e& to disa#reein# abo%t !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les.A/ F%blic o'inion o" a ork o" art is an i&'ortant consideration in deter&inin# t!e orks artistic &erit. .1/ 6orks o" art co&&issioned "or '%blic s'aces o%#!t at least to !ave s%""icient artistic &erit to bene"it t!e '%blic. .C/ T!e onl, reason "or re&ovin# a ork o" art co&&issioned "or a '%blic s'ace o%ld be t!at t!e balance o" '%blic o'inion is a#ainst t!e ork. .3/ T!e sc%l't%re cannot bene"it t!e '%blic b, re&ainin# in t!e to n 'la)a %nless t!e sc%l't%re !as artistic &erit. .E/ In deter&inin# !et!er t!e sc%l't%re s!o%ld re&ain in t!e to n 'la)a9 t!e artistic &erit o" t!e sc%l't%re s!o%ld be central consideration. 5@. T!e ar#%&ent :ector &akes in res'ondin# to Monica de'ends on t!e ass%&'tion t!at .A/ no &atter !at t!e '%blics o'inion is on an iss%e a""ectin# t!e '%blic #ood9 t!at '%blic o'inion o%#!t to be acted on9 even t!o%#! t!e o'inion &a, not be a kno led#eable one .1/ Monicas assess&ent o" t!e '%blics o'inion o" t!e sc%l't%re is acc%rate http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B15

.C/ i" t!e sc%l't%re !ad artistic &erit9 t!en even a '%blic t!at as not kno led#eable abo%t &odern art o%ld not scorn t!e sc%l't%re .3/ orks o" art co&&issioned "or '%blic s'aces o%#!t not to be e('ected to !ave artistic &erit .E/ i" t!e '%blic "eels t!at it does not bene"it "ro& t!e sc%l't%re9 t!is s!o s t!at t!e '%blic does not in "act bene"it "ro& t!e sc%l't%re SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

Questions 1-! $ro& t!e tent! cent%r, %ntil aro%nd t!e ,ear 1@II9 t!ere ere 2orse settlers livin# in Greenland. 3%rin# t!at ti&e9 avera#e ,earl, te&'erat%res "ell sli#!tl, orld ide9 and so&e 'eo'le clai& t!at t!is te&'erat%re dro' i'ed o%t t!e 2orse settle&ents b, renderin# Greenland too cold "or !%&an !abitation. 1%t t!is e('lanation cannot be correct9 beca%se In%it settlers "ro& 2ort! A&erica9 !o ere livin# in Greenland d%rin# t!e ti&e t!e 2orse settlers ere t!ere9 contin%ed to t!rive lon# a"ter 1@II. 1. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's e('lain !, t!e 2orse settle&ents in Greenland disa''eared !ile t!e In%it settle&ents s%rvived.A/ T!e dro' in avera#e ,earl, te&'erat%re as s&aller in Greenland t!an it as in t!e orld as a !ole. .1/ T!e 2orse settlers diet9 %nlike t!at o" t!e In%it9 as based 'ri&aril, on livestock and cro's t!at ere %nable to s%rvive t!e te&'erat%re dro'. .C/ T!ere ere settle&ents in 2ort! A&erica d%rin# t!e "i"teent! cent%r, t!at ere &ost likel, "o%nded b, 2orse settlers !o !ad co&e "ro& Greenland. .3/ T!e In%it and t!e 2orse settle&ents ere t,'icall, establis!ed in coastal areas. .E/ T!e 2orse co&&%nit, in 2or a, contin%ed to t!rive lon# a"ter 1@II. 5. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a tec!ni0%e o" reasonin# %sed in t!e state&ent.A/ den,in# t!e relevance o" an analo#, .1/ 'rod%cin# evidence t!at is inconsistent it! t!e clai& bein# o''osed .C/ 'resentin# an alternative e('lanation t!at '%r'orts to acco%nt "or &ore o" t!e kno n "acts .3/ citin# a #eneral r%le t!at %nder&ines t!e clai& bein# o''osed .E/ rede"inin# a ter& in a a, t!at is "avorable to t!e ar#%&ents concl%sion <. Even t!o%#! tradin# in ivor, !as been o%tla ed b, international a#ree&ent9 so&e 'iano &akers still %se ivor,9 o"ten obtained ille#all,9 to cover 'iano ke,s. Recentl,9 e('erts !ave devised a s,nt!etic ivor, t!at9 %nlike earlier ivor, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1<

s%bstit%tes9 !as "o%nd "avor it! concert 'ianists t!ro%#!o%t t!e orld. 1%t beca%se 'iano &akers !ave never been &a+or cons%&ers o" ivor,9 t!e develo'&ent o" t!e s,nt!etic ivor, ill t!ere"ore 'robabl, do little to !el' c%rb t!e killin# o" ele'!ants9 "ro& !ose t%sks &ost nat%ral ivor, is obtained. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to stren#t!en t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Most 'eo'le !o 'la, t!e 'iano b%t are not concert 'ianists can nonet!eless easil, distin#%is! bet een t!e ne s,nt!etic ivor, and in"erior ivor, s%bstit%tes. .1/ T!e ne s,nt!etic ivor, can be &an%"act%red to rese&ble in color and s%r"ace te(t%re an, o" t!e vario%s t,'es o" nat%ral ivor, t!at !ave co&&ercial %ses. .C/ 7t!er nat%ral 'rod%cts s%c! as bone or tortoise s!ell !ave not 'roven to be acce'table s%bstit%tes "or nat%ral ivor, in 'iano ke,s. .3/ T!e &ost co&&on %se "or nat%ral ivor, is in orna&ental carvin#s9 !ic! are 'ri)ed not onl, "or t!e 0%alit, o" t!eir ork&ans!i' b%t also "or t!e a%t!enticit, o" t!eir &aterials. .E/ It costs si#ni"icantl, less to 'rod%ce t!e ne s,nt!etic ivor, t!an it does to 'rod%ce an, o" t!e ivor, s%bstit%tes t!at scientists !ad develo'ed 'revio%sl,. C. T!e #overn&ent !as s'ent !eavil, to clean #ro%nd ater conta&inated b, to(ic c!e&ical s'ills. *et not even one s'ill site !as been co&'letel, cleaned9 and ind%strial accidents are s'illin# &ore to(ic c!e&icals ann%all, t!an are bein# cleaned %'. More o" t!e #overn&ents b%d#et s!o%ld be redirected to 'reventin# s'ills. Since 'revention is "ar &ore e""ective t!an clean%'9 it &akes little sense t!at t!e entire ann%al b%d#et "or 'revention is less t!an t!e a&o%nt s'ent ann%all, on one t,'ical clean%' site. T!e 'ro'osal abo%t !o t!e #overn&ents b%d#et s!o%ld be redirected 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It re'resents an %ns%''orted s'ec%lation. .1/ It bot! s%''orts anot!er clai& in t!e ar#%&ent and is s%''orted b, ot!ers. .C/ It is t!e clai& t!at t!e ar#%&ent as a !ole is str%ct%red to s%''ort. .3/ It is a 'res%''osition on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent is e('licitl, based. .E/ It 'resents an ob+ection to anot!er 'ro'osal &entioned in t!e ar#%&ent. @. Cons%&er: I o%ld like to !ave t!e "eat%res contained in t!e latest %'#rade to ,o%r co&'%ter so"t are 'acka#e9 b%t I a& leer, o" installin# t!e %'#rade beca%se a "riend !as told &e !e !ad a 'roble& it! it. Co&'an, re'resentative: 6e !ave distrib%ted nearl, <9III co'ies o" t!e %'#rade and e !ave received "e er t!an 1II calls sa,in# t!at it !as ca%sed 'roble&s. So it is ver, %nlikel, t!at ,o% ill e('erience an, 'roble&s it! t!e %'#rade. T!e reasonin# in t!e co&'an, re'resentatives ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1C

criticis& beca%se it "ails to consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at .A/ t!e co&'an, ill iss%e anot!er %'#rade t!at correct t!e 'roble&s it! t!e c%rrent %'#rade .1/ so&e o" t!e 'roble&s 'eo'le !ave e('erienced it! t!e %'#rade !ave been 0%ite serio%s .C/ a si#ni"icant n%&ber o" 'eo'le !ave e('erienced 'roble&s it! t!e %'#rade b%t !ave not re'orted t!e& .3/ t!e cons%&er ill e('erience so"t are 'roble&s i" t!e %'#rade is not installed .E/ so&e o" t!e re'orted 'roble&s ere a res%lt o" %sers "ailin# to "ollo instr%ctions G. $irst le#islator: Medical researc! is 'redo&inantl, done on #ro%'s o" 'atients t!at incl%de onl, &en. $or e(a&'le9 t!e e""ects o" co""ee drinkin# on !ealt! are eval%ated onl, "or &en9 and st%dies are lackin# on !or&one treat&ents "or older o&en. Govern&ent8s'onsored &edical researc! s!o%ld be re0%ired to incl%de st%dies o" o&en. Second le#islator: Considerations o" &aleR"e&ale balance s%c! as t!is are ina''ro'riate it! res'ect to researc!D t!e, !ave no 'lace in science. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# re+oinders9 i" tr%e9 &ost directl, co%nters t!e second le#islators ob+ection.A/ Govern&ent8s'onsored researc! is s%''orted b, all ta('a,ers9 bot! &ale and "e&ale. .1/ Servin# as a s%b+ect "or &edical researc! can 'rovide a 'atient access to ne treat&ents b%t also can s%b+ect t!e 'atient to risks. .C/ Govern&ent8s'onsored &edical researc! is o"ten done in &ilitar, !os'itals or 'risons t!at !old onl, &ale residents. .3/ T!e trainin# o" &ale and "e&ale scientists does not di""er accordin# to t!eir se(. .E/ Restriction to &ales o" t!e 'atient base on !ic! data are collected res%lts in inade0%ate science. A. Lack o" e(ercise 'rod%ces t!e sa&e or si&ilar bodil, e""ects as a#in#. In "act9 t!e '!,sical c!an#es t!at acco&'an, a#in# can o"ten be slo ed do n b, a''ro'riate e(ercise. 2o dr%#9 !o ever9 !olds an, 'ro&ise "or slo in# do n t!e c!an#es associated it! a#in#. T!ere"ore9 ;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rovides a lo#ical co&'letion to t!e 'assa#e above.A/ takin# dr%#s !as t!e sa&e e""ect on a#in# as does a lack o" e(ercise .1/ 'eo'le !o do not e(ercise are likel, to need dr%#s to s%stain t!eir !ealt! .C/ a''ro'riate e(ercise can 'revent t!e '!,sical c!an#es associated it! a#in# .3/ 'eo'le !o do not e(ercise !en t!e, are ,o%n# ill #ain "e bene"its "ro& http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1@

be#innin# to e(ercise at a late a#e .E/ i" t!e '!,sical c!an#es o" a#in# are to be slo ed9 it is &ore 'ractical to rel, on e(ercise t!an on dr%#s B. Grasses and ood, 'lants are 'lanted on dirt e&bank&ents to kee' t!e e&bank&ents "ro& erodin#. T!e e&bank&ents are &o ed to kee' t!e #rasses "ro& #ro in# too tallD as a res%lt9 cli''in#s 'ile %'. T!ese 'iles o" cli''in#s s&ot!er t!e ood, 'lants9 ca%sin# t!eir roots9 !ic! serve to kee' t!e e&bank&ents "ro& erodin#9 to rotD t!e, also attract rodents t!at b%rro into t!e dirt and da&a#e t!e ood, 'lants roots. T!ere"ore9 brin#in# in 'redators to eradicate t!e rodents ill 'revent erosion o" t!e e&bank&ents. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an error o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T o events t!at &erel, co8occ%r are treated as i" one ca%sed t!e ot!er. .1/ A !i#!l, #eneral 'ro'osal is based onl, on an %nre'resentative set o" "acts. .C/ T!e concl%sion is no &ore t!an a restate&ent o" one o" t!e 'ieces o" evidence 'rovided to s%''ort it. .3/ 7ne 'ossible sol%tion to a 'roble& is clai&ed to be t!e onl, 'ossible sol%tion to t!at 'roble&. .E/ An action t!at o%ld eli&inate one ca%se o" a 'roble& is treated as i" it o%ld solve t!e entire 'roble&. H. Scienti"ic and tec!nolo#ical discoveries !ave considerable e""ects on t!e develo'&ent o" an, societ,. It "ollo s t!at 'redictions o" t!e "%t%re condition o" societies in !ic! scienti"ic and tec!nolo#ical discover, is 'artic%larl, "re0%ent are 'artic%larl, %ntr%st ort!,. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Fredictions o" scienti"ic and tec!nolo#ical discoveries9 or 'redictions o" t!eir e""ects9 !ave !ar&"%l conse0%ences in so&e societies. .1/ T!e develo'&ent o" a societ, re0%ires scienti"ic and tec!nolo#ical discoveries. .C/ $orecasts o" scienti"ic and tec!nolo#ical discoveries9 or "orecasts o" t!eir e""ects9 are not entirel, reliable. .3/ An advanced scienti"ic and tec!nolo#ical societ, "re0%entl, bene"its "ro& ne discoveries. .E/ It is not as di""ic%lt to 'redict scienti"ic and tec!nolo#ical discoveries in a tec!nolo#icall, &ore advanced societ, as it is in a tec!nolo#icall, less advanced societ,. 1I. Tires &a,be eit!er %nderin"lated9 overin"lated9 or neit!er. 6e are 'rett, sa"e in ass%&in# t!at %nderin"lation or overin"lation o" tires !ar&s t!eir tread. A"ter all9 no one !as been able to s!o t!at t!ese do not !ar& tire tread. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes a "la in t!e ar#%&ents http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1G

reasonin#.A/ T!e ar#%&ent ass%&es !at it atte&'tin# to de&onstrate. .1/ T!e ar#%&ent overlooks t!at !at is not in 'rinci'le s%sce'tible to 'roo" &i#!t be "alse. .C/ T!e ar#%&ent "ails to s'eci", !o it is t!at %nderin"lation or overin"lation !ar&s tire tread. .3/ T!e ar#%&ent re+ects t!e 'ossibilit, t!at !at !as not been 'roven is nevert!eless tr%e. .E/ T!e ar#%&ent "ails to 'recisel, de"ine t!e ter&s >%nderin"lation? and >overin"lation.? 11. Linse, !as been +%d#ed to be a bad son# riter si&'l, beca%se !er l,rics t,'icall, are dis+ointed and s%b+ective. T!is +%d#&ent is ill "o%nded9 !o ever9 since t!e ritin#s o" &an, &odern novelists t,'icall, are dis+ointed and s%b+ective and ,et t!ese novelists are idel, !eld to be #ood riters. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 3is+ointed and s%b+ective ritin# !as a co&'arable e""ect in &odern novels and in son#s. .1/ So&e readers do not a''reciate t!e s%btleties o" t!e dis+ointed and s%b+ective st,le ado'ted b, &odern novelists. .C/ Son# l,rics t!at are dis+ointed and s%b+ective !ave at least as &%c! narrative str%ct%re as an, ot!er son# l,rics do. .3/ A dis+ointed and s%b+ective st,le o" ritin# is %s%all, &ore s%itable "or novels and son# l,rics t!an it is "or an, ot!er ritten orks. .E/ T!e 0%alit, o" Linse,s son#s is better +%d#ed b, 0%alit, o" t!eir l,rics t!an b, t!e 0%alit, o" t!eir &%sical "or&. 15. T!e LevantKt!e area t!at borders t!e eastern MediterraneanK as !eavil, 'o'%lated in 're!istoric ti&es. T!e so%t!ern Levant as abandoned abo%t G9III ,ears a#o9 alt!o%#! t!e nort!ern Levant9 !ic! s!ared t!e sa&e cli&ate9 re&ained !eavil, 'o'%lated. Recentl, arc!aeolo#ists !ave !,'ot!esi)ed t!at t!e s%dden de'o'%lation in t!e so%t!ern Levant as d%e to an econo&ic colla'se res%ltin# "ro& de"orestation. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e and t!e arc!aeolo#ists !,'ot!esis is correct9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# CA227T be tr%e.A/ T!e s!ee' and #oats !erded b, t!e 'eo'les o" t!e so%t!ern Levant %ntil G9III ,ears a#o #ra)ed e(tensivel, on t!e seedlin#s and sa'lin#s o" indi#eno%s tress s'ecies. .1/ Trees ere %sed in t!e 'rod%ction o" li&e 'lasters9 a b%ildin# &aterial %sed e(tensivel, t!ro%#!o%t t!e so%t!ern Levant %ntil G9III ,ears a#o. .C/ 7r#anic re&ains "ro& t!e nort!ern Levant reliabl, indicate t!at tree s'ecies "lo%ris!ed t!ere it!o%t interr%'tion d%rin# t!e 'eriod !en t!e so%t!ern http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1A

Levant as bein# abandoned. .3/ Carbon datin# o" or#anic re&ains "ro& t!e so%t!ern Levant reliabl, de&onstrates t!at t!ere ere no "orests 'resent in t!at area 'rior to G9III ,ears a#o. .E/ Since t!ere are "e traces o" eit!er 0%arried stone or o" &%d brick in b%ildin#s e(cavated in t!e so%t!ern Levant9 it is likel, t!at t!e b%ildin#s b%ilt t!ere 'rior to G9III ,ears a#o ere &ade al&ost entirel, o" ti&ber. 1<. =sin# rational ar#%&ent in advertise&ents does not 'ers%ade 'eo'le to b%, t!e 'rod%cts bein# advertised. T!ere"ore9 advertisers !o re'lace rational ar#%&ent it! nonrational a''eals to e&otion in advertise&ents ill 'ers%ade 'eo'le to b%, t!e 'rod%cts bein# advertised. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# contains "la ed reasonin# &ost si&ilar to t!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Feo'le !o ask ot!ers "or "avors are re"%sed. T!ere"ore9 an,one !o !as not !ad t!e e('erience o" bein# re"%sed !as never asked "or a "avor. .1/ In t!e 'ast9 'eo'le !o !ave tried to solve t!eir 'roble&s b, disc%ssin# t!e& !ave o"ten "ailed. T!ere"ore9 in t!e "%t%re9 'eo'le !o tr, to solve t!eir 'roble&s b, disc%ssin# t!e& ill o"ten "ail. .C/ =sin# a co&'%ter !as not i&'roved st%dents ritin# skills. T!%s9 st%dents s!o%ld not tr, to i&'rove t!eir ritin# skills b, %sin# a co&'%ter. .3/ A 'erson !o does not !ave 'ositive letters o" re"erence cannot #et a #ood +ob. T!ere"ore9 t!e better t!e letters o" re"erence a 'erson !as9 t!e better t!e +ob t!at 'erson ill #et. .E/ Feo'le never learn to 'ro#ra& a co&'%ter b, readin# 'oorl, ritten directions. T!ere"ore9 i" 'eo'le read ell8 ritten directions9 t!e, ill learn to 'ro#ra& a co&'%ter. 1C. A co&&ercial insect tra' consists o" a s&all bo( containin# 'esticide &i(ed it! #l%cose9 a s eet s%bstance kno n to attract insect 'ests. *et in !o%se!olds !ere t!is t,'e o" tra' !as been %sed re#%larl, "or t!e 'ast several ,ears9 recentl, installed tra's are "ar less e""ective in eli&inatin# insect 'ests t!an ere tra's o" t!at t,'e installed several ,ears a#o. Researc! scientists !ave !,'ot!esi)ed t!at tra's in t!ose !o%se!olds decreased in e""ectiveness beca%se s%ccessive #enerations o" t!e 'ests develo'ed a resistance to t!e 'esticide in t!e tra's. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, %nder&ines t!e !,'ot!esis.A/ In !o%se!olds !ere t!e tra's !ave been %sed re#%larl,9 t!e 'ro'ortion o" insect 'ests t!at !ave a nat%ral aversion to eatin# #l%cose !as increased it! eac! s%ccessive #eneration. .1/ Even !en onl, a "e individ%als o%t an entire #eneration o" insects s%rvive t!e e""ects o" a 'esticide9 t!e o""s'rin# o" t!ose individ%als are %s%all, resistant to t!at 'esticide. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1B

.C/ A"ter eatin# #l%cose &i(ed it! t!e 'esticide9 insects t!at live in !o%se!olds t!at do not %se t!e tra' tend to die in #reater n%&bers t!an do insects "ro& !o%se!olds !ere t!e tra's !ave been %sed re#%larl,. .3/ A"ter t!e &an%"act%rer o" t!e tra's increased t!e concentration o" t!e 'esticide %sed in t!e tra's9 t!e tra's ere no &ore e""ective in eli&inatin# !o%se!old insect 'ests t!an ere t!e ori#inal tra's. .E/ T!e kind o" #l%cose %sed to bait t!e tra's is one o" several di""erent kinds o" #l%cose t!at occ%r nat%rall,. 1@. A 'ersons dietar, cons%&'tion o" c!olesterol and "at is one o" t!e &ost i&'ortant "actors deter&inin# t!e level o" c!olesterol in t!e 'ersons blood .ser%& c!olesterol/. Ser%& c!olesterol levels rise 'ro'ortionall, to increased c!olesterol and "at cons%&'tion %ntil t!at cons%&'tion reac!es a t!res!old9 b%t once cons%&'tion o" t!ese s%bstances e(ceeds t!at t!res!old9 ser%& c!olesterol levels rise onl, #rad%all,9 even it! dra&atic increases in cons%&'tion. T!e t!res!old is one "o%rt! t!e cons%&'tion level o" c!olesterol and "at in toda,s avera#e 2ort! A&erican diet. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e t!res!old can be lo ered b, lo erin# t!e dietar, cons%&'tion o" c!olesterol and "at. .1/ Feo'le !o cons%&e an avera#e 2ort! A&erican diet cannot increase t!eir cons%&'tion o" c!olesterol and "at it!o%t dra&aticall, increasin# t!eir ser%& c!olesterol levels. .C/ Feo'le !o cons%&e !al" as &%c! c!olesterol and "at as in t!e avera#e 2ort! A&erican diet ill not necessaril, !ave !al" t!e avera#e ser%& c!olesterol level. .3/ Ser%& c!olesterol levels cannot be a""ected b, nondietar, &odi"ications in be!avior b, nondietar, &odi"ications in be!avior9 s%c! as e(ercisin# &ore or s&okin# less. .E/ Feo'le !o cons%&e less c!olesterol and "at t!an t!e t!res!old cannot red%ce t!eir ser%& c!olesterol levels. 1G. T!e recentl, ne#otiated 2ort! A&erican $ree Trade A#ree&ent a&on# Canada9 Me(ico9 and t!e =nited States is &isna&ed9 beca%se it o%ld not res%lt in tr%l, "ree trade. Ada& S&it!9 t!e econo&ist !o "irst artic%lated t!e 'rinci'les o" "ree trade9 !eld t!at an, obstacle 'laced in t!e a, o" t!e "ree &ove&ent o" #oods9 invest&ent9 or labor o%ld de"eat "ree trade. So since %nder t!e a#ree&ent orkers o%ld be restricted b, national bo%ndaries "ro& seekin# t!e best conditions t!e, co%ld "ind9 t!e res%ltin# obstr%ction o" t!e "lo o" trade o%ld9 "ro& a "ree8trade 'ers'ective9 be !ar&"%l. T!e ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ r%lin# o%t alternatives

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B1H

.1/ %sin# a ter& in t o di""erent senses .C/ citin# a nonre'resentative instance .3/ a''ealin# to a relevant a%t!orit, .E/ res'ondin# to a di""erent iss%e "ro& t!e one 'osed 1A. Farents !o is! to 'rovide a stron# "o%ndation "or t!e &%sical abilit, o" t!eir c!ildren s!o%ld 'rovide t!e& it! a #ood &%sical ed%cation. Since "or&al instr%ction is o"ten a 'art a #ood &%sical ed%cation9 'arents !o is! to 'rovide t!is stron# "o%ndation need to ens%re t!at t!eir c!ildren receive "or&al instr%ction. T!e reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it "ails to consider t!at .A/ 'arents &i#!t not be t!e onl, so%rce o" a c!ilds &%sical ed%cation .1/ so&e c!ildren &i#!t not be interested in receivin# a stron# "o%ndation "or t!eir &%sical abilit, .C/ t!ere are &an, e(a&'les o" 'eo'le it! "or&al instr%ction !ose &%sical abilit, is 'oor .3/ "or&al instr%ction &i#!t not al a,s be a 'art o" a #ood &%sical ed%cation .E/ so&e c!ildren &i#!t beco&e #ood &%sicians even i" t!e, !ave not !ad #ood &%sical ed%cations 1B. A stin#ra, it!o%t 'arasites is !ealt!ier t!an it o%ld be i" it !ad 'arasites. 2evert!eless9 t!e lack o" 'arasites in stin#ra,s is an indicator t!at t!e ecos,ste& in !ic! t!e stin#ra,s live is %nder environ&ental stress s%c! as 'oll%tion. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to reconcile t!e discre'anc, indicated above.A/ 3%rin# 'art o" t!eir li"e c,cles9 t!e 'arasites o" stin#ra,s re0%ire as !osts s!ri&' or o,sters9 !ic! are environ&entall, v%lnerable or#anis&s. .1/ A stin#ra, is a "ree8ran#in# 'redator t!at "eeds on s&aller or#anis&s b%t !as "e 'redators itsel". .C/ A 'arasite drains 'art o" t!e vitalit, o" its !ost b, dra in# no%ris!&ent "ro& t!e !ost. .3/ An ecos,ste& can be considered stressed i" onl, a "e s'ecies o" ver, si&'le or#anis&s can live t!ere. .E/ Since t!e li"e o" 'arasites de'ends on t!at o" t!eir !ost9 t!e, need to live it!o%t killin# t!eir !ost or else to re'rod%ce and in"ect ot!er individ%als be"ore t!eir o n !ost dies. 1H. 7ver t!e 'ast 5I ,ears9 skiin# !as beco&e a relativel, sa"e s'ort d%e to i&'rove&ent in ski e0%i'&ent. T!ere !as been a @I 'ercent dro' in t!e n%&ber o" ski in+%ries over t!e last 5I ,ears. Clearl,9 !o ever9 t!ere !ave not been decreases in t!e n%&ber o" in+%ries in all cate#ories9 as statistical data readil, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B5I

s!o 9 "or alt!o%#! broken le#s and ankle in+%ries !ave decreased b, an asto%ndin# HI 'ercent9 knee in+%ries no re'resent 1G 'ercent o" all ski in+%ries9 %' si#ni"icantl, "ro& t!e 11 'ercent o" 5I ,ears a#o. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent does !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ It "ails to allo "or t!ere bein# ski in+%ries ot!er t!an broken le#s9 ankle in+%ries9 and knee in+%ries. .1/ It in"ers dis'arate e""ects "ro& t!e sa&e sin#le ca%se. .C/ It i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e n%&ber o" skiers !as increased over t!e 'ast 5I ,ears. .3/ It ass%&es t!at an increase in t!e 'ro'ortion o" knee in+%ries r%les o%t a decrease in t!e n%&ber o" knee in+%ries. .E/ It 'roceeds as t!o%#! t!ere co%ld be a #reater decease in in+%ries in eac! cate#or, o" in+%r, t!an t!ere is in in+%ries overall. 5I. 7nl, 'oetr, cannot be translated ell9 and t!ere"ore it is 'oets !o 'reserve lan#%a#es9 "or e o%ld not bot!er to learn a lan#%a#e i" e co%ld #et ever,t!in# ritten in it "ro& translation. So9 since e cannot itness t!e bea%t, o" 'oetr, e(ce't in t!e lan#%a#e in !ic! it is co&'osed9 e !ave &otivation to learn t!e lan#%a#e. T!e in"or&ation above 'rovides t!e LEAST s%''ort "or !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ All non'oetic literat%re can be translated ell. .1/ 7ne '%r'ose o" ritin# 'oetr, is to 'reserve t!e lan#%a#e in !ic! it is ritten. .C/ So&e translations do not ca't%re all t!at as e('ressed in t!e ori#inal lan#%a#e. .3/ T!e bea%t, o" 'oetr, is not i&&ediatel, accessible to 'eo'le !o do not %nderstand t!e lan#%a#e in !ic! t!e 'oetr, as ritten. .E/ Fer"ect translation "ro& one lan#%a#e to anot!er is so&eti&es i&'ossible. 51. T!e co&'anies t!at are t!e 'ri&e '%rc!asers o" co&'%ter so"t are ill not b%, a so"t are 'acka#e i" t!e costs o" trainin# sta"" to %se it are !i#!9 and e kno t!at it is e('ensive to teac! 'eo'le a so"t are 'acka#e t!at de&ands t!e &e&ori)ation o" %n"a&iliar co&&ands. As a res%lt9 to be s%ccess"%l9 co&&ercial co&'%ter so"t are cannot re0%ire %sers to &e&ori)e %n"a&iliar co&&ands. T!e concl%sion above "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ I" &ore 'ri&e '%rc!asers o" co&'%ter so"t are b%, a so"t are 'rod%ct9 t!at 'rod%ct ill s%ccess"%l. .1/ Co&&ercial co&'%ters so"t are t!at does not re0%ire %sers to &e&ori)e %n"a&iliar co&&ands is no &ore e('ensive t!an so"t are t!at does. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B51

.C/ Co&&ercial co&'%ter so"t are ill not be s%ccess"%l %nless 'ri&e '%rc!asers b%, it. .3/ I" t!e initial cost o" co&'%ter so"t are is !i#!9 b%t t!e cost o" trainin# %sers is lo 9 'ri&e '%rc!ases ill still b%, t!at so"t are. .E/ T!e &ore di""ic%lt it is to learn !o to %se a 'iece o" so"t are9 t!e &ore e('ensive it is to teac! a 'erson to %se t!at so"t are. Questions !!-!3 6!enever s!e considers votin# in an election to select one candidate "or a 'osition and t!ere is at least one iss%e i&'ortant to !er9 Ma, %ses t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'le in c!oosin# !ic! co%rse o" action to take: it is acce'table "or &e to vote "or a candidate !ose o'inions di""er "ro& &ine on at least one iss%e i&'ortant to &e !enever I disa#ree it! eac! o" t!e ot!er candidates on even &ore s%c! iss%esD it is ot!er ise %nacce'table to vote "or t!at candidate. In t!e %'co&in# &a,oral election9 t!e t!ree candidates are Le#rand9 Medina9 and 2orton. T!ere is onl, one iss%e i&'ortant to Ma,9 and onl, Medina s!ares !er o'inion on t!at iss%e. 55. I" t!e state&ents in t!e 'assa#e are tr%e9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &%st also be tr%e abo%t Ma,s co%rse o" action in an, election to select one candidate "or a 'osition.A/ I" t!ere are no iss%es i&'ortant to !er9 it is %nacce'table "or to vote "or an, candidate in t!e election. .1/ I" s!e a#rees it! eac! o" t!e candidates on &ost o" t!e iss%es i&'ortant to !er9 it is %nacce'table "or !er to vote "or an, candidate in t!e election. .C/ I" s!e a#rees it! a 'artic%lar candidate on onl, one iss%e i&'ortant to !er9 it is %nacce'table "or !er to vote "or t!at candidate. .3/ I" s!e disa#rees it! eac! o" t!e candidates on e(actl, t!ree iss%es i&'ortant to !er9 it is %nacce'table "or !er to vote "or an, candidate in t!e election. .E/ I" t!ere are &ore iss%es i&'ortant to !er on !ic! s!e disa#rees it! a 'artic%lar candidate t!an t!ere are s%c! iss%es on !ic! s!e a#rees it! t!at candidate9 it is %nacce'table "or to vote "or t!at candidate. 5<. Accordin# to t!e 'rinci'le stated in t!e 'assa#e9 in t!e %'co&in# &a,oral election .A/ it is acce'table "or Ma, to vote "or eit!er Medina or Le#rand9 b%t it is %nacce'table "or !er to vote "or 2orton .1/ t!e onl, %nacce'table co%rses o" action are "or Ma, to vote "or 2orton and "or !er to vote "or Le#rand .C/ it is %nacce'table "or Ma, to vote "or an, o" t!e candidates .3/ t!e onl, %nacce'table co%rse o" action is "or Ma, to vote "or Medina .E/ it is acce'table "or Ma, to vote "or an, o" t!e candidates 5C. 7ver t!e last 5@ ,ears9 t!e avera#e 'rice 'aid "or a ne car !as steadil, increased http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B55

in relation to avera#e individ%al inco&e. T!is increase indicates t!at individ%als !o b%, ne cars toda, s'end9 on avera#e9 a lar#er a&o%nt relative to t!eir inco&es b%,in# a car t!an t!eir co%nter'arts did 5@ ,ears a#o. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!ere !as been a si#ni"icant increase over t!e last 5@ ,ears in t!e 'ro'ortion o" individ%als in !o%se!olds it! &ore t!an one a#e earner. .1/ T!e n%&ber o" %sed cars sold ann%all, is t!e sa&e as it as 5@ ,ears a#o. .C/ Allo in# "or in"lation9 avera#e individ%al inco&e !as si#ni"icantl, declined over t!e last 5@ ,ears. .3/ 3%rin# t!e last 5@ ,ears9 ann%al ne 8car sales and 'o'%lation !ave bot! increased9 b%t ne 8car sales !ave increased b, a #reater 'ercenta#e. .E/ Sales to individ%als &ake %' a s&aller 'ro'ortion o" all ne 8car sales t!e, did 5@ ,ears a#o. 5@. Credit card co&'anies +%sti", c!ar#in# card!olders additional "ees "or late 'a,&ents b, assertin# t!e 'rinci'le t!at t!ose !o e('ose ot!er individ%als9 co&'anies9 or instit%tions to "inancial risk s!o%ld 'a, "or t!at risk9 and b, 'ointin# o%t t!at late8'a,in# card!olders 'resent a #reater risk o" de"a%lt t!an ot!er card!olders. 6it!o%t late "ees9 t!e co&'anies ar#%e9 t!e, o%ld !ave s'read t!e cost o" t!e risk over all card!olders. T!e 'rinci'le invoked b, t!e credit card co&'anies o%ld9 i" establis!ed9 be &ost %se"%ll, invoked in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents.A/ Sc!ool a%t!orities s!o%ld %se st%dent activit, "%nds to 'a, "or st%dent8ca%sed da&a#es to sc!ool 'ro'ert, since9 even t!o%#! onl, a "e st%dents ca%se an, si#ni"icant da&a#e9 a%t!orities cannot in &ost instances deter&ine !ic! st%dents ca%sed t!e da&a#e. .1/ Ins%rance co&'anies s!o%ld de&and !i#!er ins%rance rates o" drivers o" s'orts cars t!an o" ot!er drivers9 since s'orts car drivers are &ore likel, to ca%se accidents and t!%s are &ore likel, to re0%ite t!e co&'anies 'a, &one, in clai&s. .C/ Libraries s!o%ld c!ar#e !i#! "ines "or overd%e books9 since i" t!e, did not do so so&e 'eo'le o%ld kee' books o%t inde"initel,9 riskin# inconvenience to ot!er librar, %sers !o ant to %se t!e books. .3/ Cities s!o%ld i&'ose !i#! "ines "or litterin#. T!e risk o" bein# ca%#!t litterin# is 0%ite lo 9 so t!e "ine "or t!ose !o are ca%#!t &%st be corres'ondin#l, !i#! in order to deter 'eo'le "or& litterin#. .E/ M%nici'alities s!o%ld %se ta( &one, to 'a, "or t!e &aintenance o" &%nici'al roads9 since i" individ%als 'aid "or onl, t!ose roads t!e, %sed9 so&e i&'ortant roads in re&ote areas o%ld be inade0%atel, &aintained.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B5<

TEST 2001.6
SECTI72 II Time 35 minutes 25 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

In !is ne book on !is co&'le( scienti"ic researc!9 R "re0%entl, i&'%tes bad "ait! to researc!ers disa#reein# it! !i&. A tro%blin# as'ect o" Rs book is !is stated conviction t!at ot!er investi#ators "%ndin# so%rces o"ten deter&ine !at >"indin#s? t!ose investi#ators re'ort. Add to t!is t!at R !as o"ten s!o n !i&sel" to be arro#ant9 overl, a&bitio%s9 and so&eti&es 'lain nast,9 and it beco&es clear t!at Rs book does not &erit attention "ro& serio%s 'ro"essionals. T!e a%t!or o" t!e book revie co&&its !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# reasonin# errors.A/ %sin# an attack on t!e c!aracter o" t!e riter o" t!e book as evidence t!at t!is 'erson is not co&'etent on &atters o" scienti"ic s%bstance .1/ takin# it "or #ranted t!at an investi#ator is %nlikel, to re'ort "indin#s t!at are contrar, to t!e interests o" t!ose "%ndin# t!e investi#ation .C/ dis&issin# a scienti"ic t!eor, b, #ivin# a biased acco%nt o" it .3/ 'resentin# as "acts several assertions abo%t t!e book %nder revie t!at are based onl, on stron# conviction and o%ld be i&'ossible "or ot!ers to veri", .E/ "ailin# to distin#%is! bet een t!e criteria o" bein# tr%e and o" bein# s%""icientl, interestin# to &erit attention

5.

:avin# an e""icient9 attractive s%b a, s,ste& &akes #ood econo&ic sense. So9 t!e cit, needs to '%rc!ase ne s%b a, cars9 since t!e cit, s!o%ld al a,s do !at &akes #ood econo&ic sense. T!e concl%sion dra n above "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ T!e cit, s!o%ld invest in an e""icient9 attractive s%b a, s,ste&. .1/ Cost8e""ective s%b a, cars are an inte#ral 'art o" an e""icient s%b a, s,ste&. .C/ Invest&ent in ne s%b a, cars &akes better econo&ic sense t!an &an, o" t!e ot!er invest&ent o'tions o'en to t!e cit,. .3/ 2e s%b a, cars are "inanciall, a""ordable. .E/ 2e s%b a, cars are re0%ired in order "or t!e cit, to !ave a s%b a, s,ste& t!at is e""icient and attractive.

<.

Resta%rant &ana#er: In res'onse to re0%ests "ro& o%r 'atrons "or ve#etarian &ain dis!es9 e recentl, introd%ced t!ree: an e##'lant and )%cc!ini casserole it! to&atoes9 bro n rice it! &%s!roo&s9 and 'otatoes baked it! c!eese. T!e "irst http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B5C

t o are "re0%entl, ordered9 b%t no one orders t!e 'otato dis!9 alt!o%#! it costs less t!an t!e ot!er t o. Clearl,9 t!en9 o%r 'atrons 're"er not to eat 'otatoes. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an error o" reasonin# in t!e resta%rant &ana#ers ar#%&ent.A/ concl%din# t!at t o t!in#s t!at occ%r at t!e sa&e ti&e !ave a co&&on ca%se .1/ dra in# a concl%sion t!at is inconsistent it! one 're&ise o" t!e ar#%&ent .C/ i#norin# 'ossible di""erences bet een !at 'eo'le sa, t!e, ant and !at t!e, act%all, c!oose .3/ atte&'tin# to 'rove a clai& on t!e basis o" evidence t!at a n%&ber o" 'eo'le !old t!at clai& to be tr%e .E/ treatin# one o" several 'la%sible e('lanations o" a '!eno&enon as t!e onl, 'ossible e('lanation C. $or ne borns o" a#e "o%r to si( eeks !ose &ot!ers !ave been t!e 'ri&ar, care#ivers9 t!e "ollo in# is tr%e: 6!en t!e ne borns are cr,in# d%e to !%n#er or ot!er si&ilar disco&"ort9 &erel, !earin# t!e &ot!ers voice ill lead to a te&'orar, !alt in cr,in#9 !ile t!e voices o" ot!ers do not !ave t!is e""ect. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost reasonabl, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ 1abies &ore easil, learn to reco#ni)e t!e voices o" t!eir &ot!ers t!an t!e voices o" ot!er 'eo'le. .1/ A &ot!ers voice is t!e "irst t!in# a bab, learns to reco#ni)e. .C/ 1abies associate t!e voice o" t!e 'ri&ar, care#iver it! release "ro& disco&"ort. .3/ 7"ten onl, a 'ri&ar, care#iver can 'rovide co&"ort to a ne born. .E/ 3isco&"ort in ne borns is best relieved b, !earin# t!e &ot!ers voice. @. Man, ele&entar, sc!ools !ave recentl, o""ered co&'%ter8assisted ed%cational 'ro#ra&s. St%dents reactions a"ter several ,ears !ave been decidedl, &i(ed. 6!ereas st%dents !ave "o%nd co&'%ters ver, %se"%l in st%d,in# arit!&etic9 t!e, !ave "o%nd t!e& o" little !el' in st%d,in# science9 and o" no !el' at all it! t!eir readin# and ritin# skills. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to e('lain t!e st%dents &i(ed reactions.A/ St%dents in t!ese sc!ools be#an readin# and doin# arit!&etic be"ore learnin# to %se co&'%ters. .1/ 7" t!e disci'lines and skills &entioned9 t!e e(actness o" arit!&etic &akes it &ost s%itable to co&'%ter8assisted ed%cation. .C/ Man, ele&entar, sc!ool teac!ers are rel%ctant to %se co&'%ter tec!nolo#, in t!eir classroo&s. .3/ *o%n# st%dents are &ore likel, to &aintain interest in trainin# 'ro#ra&s t!at http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B5@

%se t!e ne est co&'%ters and video #ra'!ics t!an in t!ose t!at do not. .E/ T!e ele&entar, sc!ools !ave o""ered &ore co&'%ter8assisted 'ro#ra&s in readin# and ritin# t!an in arit!&etic and science. G. T!e notion t!at one &i#!t be +%sti"ied in be!avin# irrationall, in t!e service o" a s%""icientl, ort!, end is inco!erent. $or i" s%c! action is +%sti"ied9 t!en one o%ld be be!avin# rationall,9 not irrationall,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar in its reasonin# to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ A re'resentative o" t!e la 9 s%c! as a +%d#e or a 'olice o""icer9 o%#!t not to co&&it cri&es. $or i" re'resentatives o" t!e la co&&it cri&es9 t!e, ill be ine""ective in 'reventin# cri&e. .1/ 7ne cannot intend to s'ill a #lass o" ater accidentall,. S'illin# it accidentall, &eans t!at t!e act ill not !ave been done intentionall,. .C/ 7ne cannot live t!e #ood li"e and be %n!a'',. I" ones o n nei#!bors see t!at one is %n!a'',9 t!en t!e, ill see t!at one is not livin# t!e #ood li"e. .3/ 3octors cannot 'er"or& sel"8dia#nosis9 "or t!e, cannot ob+ectivel, eval%ate t!eir o n s,&'to&s9 and t!%s ill be 'racticin# 'oor &edicine. .E/ 7ne o%#!t not to !ave bot! a cat and a #old"is!. T!e #old"is! is t!e nat%ral 're, o" t!e cat9 so it is %net!ical to 'lace it at t!e cats dis'osal. A. A certain &oral s,ste& !olds t!at 'er"or&in# #ood actions is 'raise ort!, onl, !en one overco&es a 'o er"%l te&'tation in order to 'er"or& t!e&. *et t!is sa&e &oral s,ste& also !olds t!at 'er"or&in# #ood actions o%t o" !abit is so&eti&es 'raise ort!,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does t!e &ost to reconcile t!e a''arent con"lict in t!e &oral s,ste& described above.A/ Feo'le !o 'er"or& #ood actions o%t o" !abit !ave o"ten ac0%ired t!is !abit a"ter ,ears o" !avin# resisted te&'tation. .1/ Most 'eo'le "ace stron# &oral te&'tation "ro& ti&e to ti&e b%t "e 'eo'le !ave to end%re it re#%larl,. .C/ Feo'le virt%all, al a,s 'er"or& actions t!e, t!ink are #ood9 re#ardless o" !at ot!er 'eo'le &a, t!ink. .3/ Since it is di""ic%lt to tell !at is #oin# on in anot!er 'ersons &ind9 it is o"ten !ard to kno e(actl, !o stron#l, a 'erson is te&'ted. .E/ It is "ar &ore co&&on "or 'eo'le to 'er"or& #ood actions o%t o" !abit t!an "or t!e& to do so a#ainst stron# te&'tation. B. Conservationist: T!e risk to air'lane 'assen#ers "ro& collisions bet een air'lanes %sin# t!e air'ort and birds "ro& t!e ildli"e re"%#e is ne#li#ible. In t!e 1I ,ears since t!e re"%#e as establis!ed9 onl, 5I 'lanes !ave been da&a#ed in collisions it! birds9 and no 'assen#er !as been in+%red as a res%lt o" s%c! a

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GMAT & LSAT CR

B5G

collision. T!e ildli"e re"%#e t!ere"ore 'oses no sa"et, risk. Filot: *o% ne#lect to &ention t!at 1A o" t!ose 5I collisions occ%rred it!in t!e 'ast 5 ,ears9 and t!at t!e n%&ber o" birds in t!e re"%#e is ra'idl, increasin#. As t!e n%&ber o" collisions bet een birds and air'lanes increases9 so does t!e likeli!ood t!at at least one s%c! collision ill res%lt in 'assen#er in+%ries. T!e 'ilot co%nters t!e conservationist b, .A/ atte&'tin# to s!o t!at t!e conservationists descri'tion o" t!e "act is &isleadin# .1/ 0%estionin# t!e conservationists &otives "or reac!in# a certain concl%sion .C/ assertin# t!at dan#ero%s sit%ations inevitabl, beco&e &ore dan#ero%s it! t!e 'assa#e o" ti&e .3/ discreditin# t!e &oral 'rinci'le on !ic! t!e conservationists ar#%&ent is based .E/ dis'%tin# t!e acc%rac, o" t!e "i#%res cited b, t!e conservationist H. A %niversit, st%d, re'orted t!at bet een 1HA@ and 1HB< t!e len#t! o" t!e avera#e ork eek in a certain co%ntr, increased si#ni"icantl,. A #overn&ental st%d,9 on t!e ot!er !and9 s!o s a si#ni"icant decline in t!e len#t! o" t!e avera#e ork eek "or t!e sa&e 'eriod. E(a&ination o" t!e st%dies s!o s9 !o ever9 t!at t!e, %sed di""erent &et!ods o" investi#ationD t!%s t!ere is no need to look "%rt!er "or an e('lanation o" t!e di""erence in t!e st%dies res%lts. T!e ar#%&ents reasonin# is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent "ails to .A/ distin#%is! bet een a st%d, 'rod%ced "or t!e '%r'oses o" t!e o'eration o" #overn&ent and a st%d, 'rod%ced as 'art o" %niversit, researc! .1/ distin#%is! bet een a &et!od o" investi#ation and t!e '%r'ose o" an investi#ation .C/ reco#ni)e t!at onl, one o" t!e st%dies !as been 'ro'erl, cond%cted .3/ reco#ni)e t!at t o di""erent &et!ods o" investi#ation can ,ield identical res%lts .E/ reco#ni)e t!at var,in# econo&ic conditions res%lt in t!e avera#e ork eek c!an#in# in len#t! 1I. Alt!o%#! t!e c!arter o" 6estside Sc!ool states t!at t!e st%dent bod, &%st incl%de so&e st%dents it! s'ecial ed%cational needs9 no st%dents it! learnin# disabilities !ave ,et enrolled in t!e sc!ool. T!ere"ore9 t!e sc!ool is c%rrentl, in violation o" its c!arter. T!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ All st%dents it! learnin# disabilities !ave s'ecial ed%cational needs. .1/ T!e sc!ool c%rrentl, !as no st%dents it! learnin# disabilities. .C/ T!e sc!ool s!o%ld enroll st%dents it! s'ecial ed%cational needs. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B5A

.3/ T!e onl, st%dents it! s'ecial ed%cational needs are st%dents it! learnin# disabilities. .E/ T!e sc!ools c!arter cannot be &odi"ied in order to avoid its bein# violated. 11. So&e 's,c!olo#ists clai& t!at9 in t!eor,9 t!e best a, to %nderstand anot!er 'erson o%ld be t!ro%#! dee' e&'at!,9 !ereb, one o%ld #ain a direct and co&'lete #ras' o" t!at 'ersons &otivations. 1%t s%''ose t!e, are ri#!tD t!en t!ere o%ld be no a, at all to ac!ieve %nderstandin#9 since it is 's,c!olo#icall, i&'ossible to #ain a direct and co&'lete #ras' o" anot!er 'ersons &otivations. 1%t obvio%sl, one can %nderstand ot!er 'eo'leD t!%s t!ese 's,c!olo#ists are ron#. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to t!e criticis& t!at it .A/ "ails to ade0%atel, de"ine t!e ke, '!rase >dee' e&'at!,? .1/ ass%&es so&et!in# t!at it later denies9 res%ltin# in a contradiction .C/ con"%ses a t!eoreticall, best a, o" acco&'lis!in# so&et!in# it! t!e onl, a, o" acco&'lis!in# it .3/ acce'ts a clai& on &ere a%t!orit,9 it!o%t re0%irin# s%""icient +%sti"ication .E/ "ails to consider t!at ot!er 's,c!olo#ists &a, disa#ree it! t!e 's,c!olo#ists cited 15. T!e "ive senses !ave traditionall, been vie ed as distinct ,et co&'le&entar,. Eac! sense is t!o%#!t to !ave its o n ran#e o" sti&%li t!at are inca'able o" sti&%latin# t!e ot!er sense. :o ever9 recent researc! !as discovered t!at so&e 'eo'le taste a banana and clai& t!at t!e, are tastin# bl%e9 or see a color and sa, t!at it !as a s'eci"ic s&ell. T!is s!o s t!at s%c! 'eo'le9 called s,nest!esiacs9 !ave sense t!at do not res'ect t!e %s%al bo%ndaries bet een t!e "ive reco#ni)ed senses. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ S,nest!esiacs de&onstrate a #eneral9 s,ste&atic i&'air&ent in t!eir abilit, to %se and %nderstand ords. .1/ Recent evidence stron#l, s%##ests t!at t!ere are ot!er senses besides si#!t9 to%c!9 s&ell9 !earin#9 and taste. .C/ T!e 'artic%lar a,s in !ic! sensor, e('eriences overla' in s,nest!esiacs "ollo a de"inite 'attern. .3/ T!e s,nest!etic '!eno&enon !as been described in t!e le#ends o" vario%s c%lt%res. .E/ S,nest!esiacs can be te&'oraril, rid o" t!eir s,nest!etic e('eriences b, t!e %se o" dr%#s. 1<. Essa,ist: 7ne o" t!e clai&s o" laisse)8"aire econo&ics is t!at increasin# t!e &ini&%& a#e red%ces t!e total n%&ber o" &ini&%&8 a#e +obs available. In a recent st%d,9 !o ever9 it as "o%nd t!at a"ter an increase in t!e &ini&%& a#e9

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GMAT & LSAT CR

B5B

"ast8"ood resta%rants ke't on ro%#!l, t!e sa&e n%&ber o" &ini&%&8 a#e e&'lo,ees as be"ore t!e increase. T!ere"ore9 laisse)8"aire econo&ics is not entirel, acc%rate. T!e essa,ists ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ I" Laisse)8"aire econo&ics &akes an incorrect 'rediction abo%t t!e &ini&%& a#es9 t!en all t!e doctrines o" laisse)8"aire econo&ics are inacc%rate. .1/ Mini&%&8 a#e +ob availabilit, at "ast8"ood resta%rants incl%ded in t!e st%d, as re'resentative o" &ini&%&8 a#e +ob availabilit, in #eneral. .C/ 2o st%d, !as ever "o%nd t!at a b%siness !as decreased t!e n%&ber o" its &ini&%&8 a#e e&'lo,ees a"ter an increase in t!e &ini&%& a#e. .3/ T!e "ast8"ood resta%rants incl%ded in t!e st%d, did not increase t!e avera#e a#e 'aid to e&'lo,ees. .E/ T!e national %ne&'lo,&ent rate did not increase "ollo in# t!e increase in t!e &ini&%& a#e. 1C. So&e 'eo'le clai& t!at ever, !%&an discover, or invention is an instance o" sel"8 e('ression. 1%t !at t!e, see& to i#nore is t!at9 triviall,9 an,t!in# e do is sel"8 e('ressive. So9 %ntil t!e, can #ive %s a &ore interestin# inter'retation o" t!eir clai&9 e are not obli#ed to take t!eir clai& serio%sl,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 'rovides t!e &ost s%''ort "or t!e reasonin# above.A/ All clai&s t!at are trivial are %ninterestin#. .1/ Most 'eo'le do not take trivial clai&s serio%sl,. .C/ 2o clai&s t!at are trivial are ort!, o" serio%s consideration. .3/ Ever, clai& is o'en to bot! interestin# and %ninterestin# inter'retations. .E/ Ever, inter'retation is eit!er trivial or %ninterestin#. Questions 15-1& Ca&era &an%"act%rers t,'icall, advertise t!eir 'rod%cts b, citin# t!e resol%tion o" t!eir ca&era lenses9 t!e resol%tion o" a lens bein# t!e de#ree o" detail t!e lens is ca'able o" re'rod%cin# in t!e i&a#e it 'ro+ects onto t!e "il&. 3i""erences bet een ca&eras in t!is res'ect are irrelevant "or 'ractical '!oto#ra'!,9 !o ever9 since all &odern lenses are so e(cellent t!at t!e, 'ro+ect "ar &ore detail onto t!e "il& t!an an, '!oto#ra'!ic "il& is ca'able o" re'rod%cin# in a develo'ed i&a#e. 1@. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, states t!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Ca&era &an%"act%rers o%#!t to concentrate on b%ildin# ot!er desirable 0%alities into t!eir ca&eras lenses9 rat!er t!an concentratin# onl, on t!e lenses resol%tion. .1/ A'art "ro& di""erences in resol%tion9 t!ere is no 'ractical di""erence a&on# &odern ca&eras in t!e 0%alit, o" t!e i&a#es t!at t!e, 'rod%ce. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B5H

.C/ Advertised di""erences a&on# ca&eras in t!e resol%tion o" t!eir lenses !ave no 'ractical bearin# on t!e ca&eras relative 0%alit, as '!oto#ra'!ic tools. .3/ In concentratin# t!eir advertisin# on t!e iss%e o" i&a#e 0%alit,9 &an%"act%rers are &akin# a &istake abo%t t!e interests o" 'otential '%rc!asers o" ca&eras. .E/ 3i""erences a&on# '!oto#ra'!ic "il&s in t!e a&o%nt o" detail t!e, re'rod%ce !ave a &ore si#ni"icant e""ect on t!e 0%alit, o" t!e develo'ed i&a#e t!an do di""erences in t!e resol%tion o" ca&era lenses. 1G. T!e ar#%&ent de'ends on ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ T!e de"inition o" t!e ter& >resol%tion? does not ca't%re an i&'ortant deter&inant o" t!e 0%alit, o" '!oto#ra'!ic instr%&ents and &aterials. .1/ In deter&inin# t!e a&o%nt o" detail re'rod%ced in t!e develo'ed '!oto#ra'!ic i&a#e9 di""erences in t!e resol%tions o" available lenses do not co&'o%nd t!e de"iciencies o" available "il&. .C/ 4ariations in t!e &et!od %sed to 'rocess t!e "il& do not !ave an, si#ni"icant e""ect on t!e "il&s resol%tion. .3/ $la less '!oto#ra'!ic tec!ni0%e is needed to ac!ieve t!e &a(i&%& i&a#e resol%tion 'ossible it! t!e &aterials and e0%i'&ent bein# %sed. .E/ T!e onl, "actors i&'ortant in deter&inin# t!e de#ree o" detail re'rod%ced in t!e "inal '!oto#ra'!ic 'rint are t!e resol%tion o" t!e ca&eras lens and t!e resol%tion o" t!e "il&. 1A. 3ietar, researc!er: A recent st%d, re'orts t!at laborator, ani&als t!at ere "ed red%ced8calorie diets lived lon#er t!an laborator, ani&als !ose caloric intake as not red%ced. In res'onse9 so&e doctors are advocatin# red%ced8calorie diets9 in t!e belie" t!at 2ort! A&ericans li"e s'ans can t!ereb, be e(tended. :o ever9 t!is concl%sion is not s%''orted. Laborator, ani&als tend to eat &%c! &ore t!an ani&als in t!eir nat%ral !abitats9 !ic! leads to t!eir !avin# a s!orter li"e e('ectanc,. Restrictin# t!eir diets &erel, brin#s t!eir caloric intake back to nat%ral o'ti&al levels and reinstates t!eir nor&al li"e s'ans. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost eaken t!e dietar, researc!ers ar#%&ent.A/ 2ort! A&ericans9 on avera#e9 cons%&e a !i#!er n%&ber o" calories t!an t!e o'ti&al n%&ber o" calories "or a !%&an diet. .1/ 2ort! A&ericans it! !i#!8"at9 lo 8calorie diets #enerall, !ave a s!orter li"e e('ectanc, t!an 2ort! A&ericans it! lo 8"at9 lo 8calorie diets. .C/ 2ot all scienti"ic res%lts t!at !ave i&'ortant i&'lications "or !%&an !ealt! are based on st%dies o" laborator, ani&als. .3/ So&e 2ort! A&ericans !o "ollo red%ced8calorie diets are lon#8lived. .E/ T!ere is a stron# correlation bet een diet and lon#evit, in so&e s'ecies o" ani&als. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<I

1B. Editorialist: T!e 'ositions advanced b, radical environ&entalists o"ten contain !,'ot!eses t!at are "alse and 'ro'osals t!at are econo&icall, in"easible. 1%t t!ere is a 'ositive role to be 'la,ed even b, t!ese e(tre&ists9 "or t!e social and 'olitical inertia t!at attends environ&ental iss%es is so st%bborn t!at even s&all areas o" 'ro#ress can be &ade onl, i" t!e 'o'%lace "ears environ&ental disaster9 !o ever %ntenable t!e reasons "or t!ose "ears &a, be. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e editorialists ar#%&ent.A/ T!e little 'ro#ress t!at !as been &ade in i&'rovin# t!e environ&ent is &ainl, d%e to t!e "ear created b, radical environ&entalists. .1/ Radical environ&entalists9 b, 'ro&otin# t!eir vie s9 sti&%late 'ro#ress on environ&ental iss%es. .C/ Social and 'olitical inertia is &ost e""ectivel, overco&e b, an e(tre&el, "ear"%l 'o'%lace9 re#ardless o" !et!er its "ears are ell8"o%nded. .3/ Radical environ&entalists o"ten '%t "ort! %ntenable 'ositions in order to 'rod%ce t!e "ear t!at is re0%ired to brin# abo%t &oderate re"or&s. .E/ Radical environ&entalists advocate 'ositions it!o%t re#ard "or "act%al s%''ort or econo&ic "easibilit,. 1H. Feo'le s!o%ld avoid takin# t!e antacid calci%& carbonate in doses lar#er t!an !al" a #ra&9 "or des'ite its ca'acit, to ne%trali)e sto&ac! acids9 calci%& carbonate can increase t!e calci%& level in t!e blood and t!%s i&'air kidne, "%nction. Moreover9 +%st !al" a #ra& o" it can sti&%late t!e 'rod%ction o" #astrin9 sto&ac! !or&one t!at tri##ers acid secretion. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ Cessation o" #astrin 'rod%ction is a &ore e""ective &et!od o" controllin# e(cess sto&ac! acid t!an is direct ne%trali)ation o" sto&ac! acid. .1/ Feo'le !o avoid takin# &ore t!an !al" a #ra& o" calci%& carbonate are less likel, t!an avera#e to s%""er "ro& i&'aired kidne, "%nction. .C/ 3oses o" calci%& carbonate s&aller t!an !al" a #ra& can red%ce sto&ac! acid &ore e""ectivel, t!an &%c! lar#er doses do. .3/ :al" a #ra& o" calci%& carbonate can ca%sall, contrib%te to bot! t!e secretion and t!e ne%trali)ation o" sto&ac! acids. .E/ I&'aired kidne, "%nction &a, increase t!e level o" calci%& in t!e blood. Questions !0-!1 Fro"essor C!an: T!e literat%re de'art&ents %nder#rad%ate co%rses s!o%ld cover onl, tr%e literar, orks9 and not s%c! "rivolo%s &aterial as advertise&ents. Fro"essor 6i#&ore: Advertise&ents &i#!t or &i#!t not be tr%e literar, orks b%t t!e, do !ave a 'o er"%ll, detri&ental e""ect on societ,Klar#el, beca%se 'eo'le cannot http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<1

discern t!eir real &essa#es. T!e literat%re de'art&ents co%rses #ive st%dents t!e critical skills to anal,)e and %nderstand te(ts. T!ere"ore9 it is t!e literat%re de'art&ents res'onsibilit, to incl%de t!e st%d, o" advertise&ents in its %nder#rad%ate co%rses. 5I. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les &ost stron#l, s%''orts Fro"essor 6i#&ores ar#%&ent.A/ Advertise&ents o%#!t to be "ra&ed in s%c! a a, t!at t!eir real &essa#es are i&&ediatel, clear. .1/ An, te(t t!at is s%btl, constr%cted and ca'able o" a""ectin# 'eo'les t!o%#!t and action o%#!t to be considered a "or& o" literat%re. .C/ All %nder#rad%ate st%dents o%#!t to take at least one co%rse t!at "oc%ses on t!e develo'&ent o" critical skills. .3/ T!e literat%re de'art&ents co%rses o%#!t to enable st%dents to anal,)e and %nderstand an, te(t t!at co%ld !ave a !ar&"%l e""ect on societ,. .E/ An, 'ro"essor teac!in# an %nder#rad%ate co%rse in t!e literat%re de'art&ent o%#!t to be "ree to c!oose t!e &aterial to be covered in t!at co%rse. 51. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! Fro"essor 6i#&ores ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Te(ts t!at are tr%e literar, orks never !ave a detri&ental e""ect on societ,. .1/ Co%rses o""ered b, t!e literat%re de'art&ent cannot incl%de bot! tr%e literar, orks and &aterial s%c! as advertise&ent. .C/ St%dents !o take co%rses in t!e literat%re de'art&ent do not #et "ro& t!ose co%rses ot!er skills besides t!ose needed to anal,)e and %nderstand te(ts. .3/ $or&s o" advertisin# t!at conve, t!eir &essa#e entirel, t!ro%#! vis%al i&a#es do not !ave a detri&ental e""ect on societ,. .E/ T!e literat%re de'art&ents res'onsibilit, is not li&ited to teac!in# st%dents !o to anal,)e tr%e literar, orks. 55. Sociolo#ist: So&e 'eo'le ar#%e t!at ca'ital '%nis!&ent "or t!e"t as an essential 'art o" t!e labor disci'line o" 1ritis! ca'italis&. Critics o" s%c! a vie ar#%e t!at &ore 'eo'le ere e(ec%ted "or t!e"t in 'reind%strial En#land t!an ere e(ec%ted in En#land a"ter ind%striali)ation. 1%t s%c! a criticis& overlooks t!e "act t!at ind%striali)ation and ca'italis& are t o ver, di""erent social '!eno&ena9 and t!at t!e latter 'redated t!e "or&er b, several cent%ries. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes t!e role 'la,ed in t!e 'assa#e b, t!e 'oint t!at ca'italis& and ind%striali)ation are distinct.A/ It is cited as so&e evidence a#ainst t!e clai& t!at ca'ital '%nis!&ent "or t!e"t as an essential 'art o" t!e labor disci'line o" 1ritis! ca'italis&. .1/ It is cited as a direct contradiction o" t!e clai& t!at ca'ital '%nis!&ent "or t!e"t as an essential 'art o" t!e labor disci'line o" 1ritis! ca'italis&.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<5

.C/ It is an atte&'t to concl%sivel, 'rove t!e clai& t!at ca'ital '%nis!&ent "or t!e"t as an essential 'art o" t!e labor disci'line o" 1ritis! ca'italis&. .3/ It is cited as a "act s%''ortin# t!e critics o" t!e vie t!at ca'ital '%nis!&ent "or t!e"t as an essential 'art o" t!e labor disci'line o" 1ritis! ca'italis&. .E/ It is an atte&'t to %nder&ine t!e criticis& cited a#ainst t!e clai& t!at ca'ital '%nis!&ent "or t!e"t as an essential 'art o" t!e labor disci'line o" 1ritis! ca'italis&. 5<. To be !orri"ic9 a &onster &%st be t!reatenin#. 6!et!er or not it 'resents 's,c!olo#ical9 &oral9 or social dan#ers9 or tri##ers end%rin# in"antile "ears9 i" a &onster is '!,sicall, dan#ero%s t!en it is t!reatenin#. In "act9 even a '!,sicall, beni#n &onster is !orri"ic i" it ins'ires rev%lsion. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# lo#icall, "ollo s "ro& t!e state&ents above.A/ An, !orror8stor, &onster t!at is t!reatenin# is also !orri"ic. .1/ A &onster t!at is 's,c!olo#icall, dan#ero%s9 b%t t!at does not ins'ire rev%lsion9 is not !orri"ic. .C/ I" a &onster tri##ers in"antile "ears b%t is not '!,sicall, dan#ero%s9 t!en it is not !orri"ic. .3/ I" a &onster is bot! !orri"ic and 's,c!olo#icall, t!reatenin#9 t!en it does not ins'ire rev%lsion. .E/ All &onsters t!at are not '!,sicall, dan#ero%s9 b%t t!at are 's,c!olo#icall, dan#ero%s and ins'ire rev%lsion9 are t!reatenin#. 5C. La ,er: T!e de"endant anted to clear t!e sno o"" !is car and in doin# so knocked sno on t!e side alk. T!is sa&e sno &elted and re"ro)e9 "or&in# ice on !ic! t!e 'lainti"" "ell9 breakin# !er !i'. 6e ar#%e t!at t!e de"endant &alicio%sl, !ar&ed t!e 'lainti""9 beca%se &alice is intention to ca%se !ar& and t!e de"endant intentionall, re&oved t!e sno "ro& !is car and '%t it on t!e side alk9 !ic!9 %nbekno nst to t!e de"endant at t!e ti&e9 o%ld s%bse0%entl, ca%se t!e in+%r, s%""ered b, t!e 'lainti"". T!e "la ed reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e la ,ers ar#%&ent.A/ Alice asked !er sister to lie in co%rt. =nbekno nst to Alices sister9 l,in# in co%rt is a#ainst t!e la . So !at Alice asked !er sister to do as ille#al. .1/ 1r%ce anted to eat t!e &ince&eat 'ie. =nbekno nst to 1r%ce9 t!e &ince&eat 'ie as 'oisono%s. So 1r%ce anted to eat 'oison. .C/ C!er,l deni#rated t!e ine. C!er,ls sister !ad 'icked o%t t!e ine. So t!o%#! s!e &a, not !ave reali)ed it9 C!er,l indirectl, deni#rated !er sister. .3/ 3eon !ad l%nc! it! Ms. 7s#ood. =nbekno nst to 3eon9 Ms. 7s#ood is #enerall, t!o%#!t to be an ind%strial s',. So 3eon !ad l%nc! it! an ind%strial s',. .E/ Ed ina bo%#!t a car "ro& Mr. *anc,9 t!en resold it. =nbekno nst to http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<<

Ed ina9 Mr. *anc, !ad stolen t!e car. So Ed ina sold a stolen car. 5@. Alt!o%#! ood8b%rnin# stoves are &ore e""icient t!an o'en "ire'laces9 t!e, are also &ore dan#ero%s. T!e s&oke t!at ood8b%rnin# stoves release %' t!e c!i&ne, is cooler t!an t!e s&oke "ro& an o'en "la&e. T!%s it travels &ore slo l, and de'osits &ore creosote9 a "la&&able s%bstance t!at can clo# a c!i&ne,Kor orse9 i#nite inside it. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e a%#&ent.A/ T!e &ost e""icient ood8b%rnin# stoves 'rod%ce less creosote t!an do &an, o'en "ire'laces. .1/ T!e a&o%nt o" creosote 'rod%ced de'ends not onl, on t!e t,'e o" "la&e b%t on !o o"ten t!e stove or "ire'lace is %sed. .C/ 7'en "ire'laces 'ose &ore risk o" severe accidents inside t!e !o&e t!an do ood8b%rnin# stoves. .3/ 7'en "ire'laces also 'rod%ce a lar#e a&o%nt o" creosote resid%e. .E/ :o&eo ners in ar& cli&ates rarel, %se "ire'laces or ood8b%rnin# stoves. SECTI72 III Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

I" a doctor #ives a 'atient onl, a "e o'tions "or li"est,le &odi"ication9 t!e 'atient is &ore likel, to ad!ere to t!e doctors advice t!an i" t!e doctor #ives t!e 'atient &an, o'tions. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e 'rinci'le ill%strated above.A/ Feo'le are es'eciall, likel, to i#nore t!e advice t!e, #et "ro& doctors i" t!e, are con"%sed abo%t t!at advice. .1/ Feo'le dislike calc%latin# t!e best o" a variet, o" c!oices %nless t!e, can see a clear di""erence a&on# t!e bene"its t!at o%ld res%lt "ro& eac! c!oice. .C/ T!e tendenc, 'eo'le !ave to alter t!eir be!avior varies inversel, it! t!e n%&ber o" alternatives available to t!e& "or be!avior &odi"ication. .3/ Most 'eo'le are %nlikel, to "ollo t!eir doctors advice %nless t!e, can vividl, i&a#ine t!e conse0%ences o" not "ollo in# t!e advice. .E/ In #ettin# #ood res%lts9 t!e clarit, it! !ic! a doctor instr%cts a 'atient is o" e0%al i&'ortance to t!e acc%rac, o" t!e doctors dia#nosis on !ic! t!e instr%ction is based.

5.

To ac0%ire a better %nderstandin# o" t!e str%ct%re and develo'&ent o" t!e !%&an 'ersonalit,9 so&e 's,c!olo#ists st%d, t!e 'ersonalities o" ani&als. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes to an e('lanation o" t!e 'ractice &entioned above EECEFT: http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<C

.A/ T!e actions o" !%&ans and ani&als are believed to be &otivated b, si&ilar instincts9 b%t t!ese instincts are easier to discern in ani&als. .1/ T!e la "orbids certain e('eri&ents on !%&ans b%t 'er&its t!e& on ani&als. .C/ It is #enerall, less e('ensive to 'er"or& e('eri&ents on ani&als t!an it is to 'er"or& t!e& on !%&ans. .3/ Fro'er %nderstandin# o" !%&an 'ersonalit, is t!o%#!t to 'rovide a &odel "or better %nderstandin# t!e 'ersonalit, o" ani&als. .E/ $ield observations o" t!e be!avior o" ,o%n# ani&als o"ten ins'ire insi#!t"%l !,'ot!eses abo%t !%&an 'ersonalit, develo'&ent. <. Si#atoka disease drasticall, red%ces t!e ,ield o" banana trees and is e'ide&ic t!ro%#!o%t t!e areas o" t!e orld !ere bananas are #ro n. T!e "%n#%s t!at ca%ses t!e disease can be controlled it! "%n#icides9 b%t t!e "%n#icides can 'ose a !ealt! !a)ard to 'eo'le livin# nearb,. T!e "%n#icides are t!%s %ns%itable "or s&all banana #roves in 'o'%lated areas. $ort%natel,9 &ost lar#e banana 'lantations are in locations so isolated t!at "%n#icides can be %sed sa"el, t!ere. T!ere"ore9 &ost o" t!e orlds banana cro' is not serio%sl, t!reatened b, Si#atoka disease. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ It ill event%all, be 'ossible to breed strains o" bananas t!at are resistant to Si#atoka disease. .1/ Lar#e 'lantations 'rod%ce &ost or all o" t!e orlds bananas. .C/ Si#atoka disease s'reads &ore slo l, on lar#e 'lantations t!an in s&all banana #roves. .3/ Si#atoka disease is t!e onl, disease t!at t!reatens bananas on a orld ide scale. .E/ Most o" t!e banana trees t!at !ave not been e('osed to t!e Si#atoka "%n#%s #ro in s&all banana #roves. C. A #ro%' o" 19III st%dents as rando&l, selected "ro& t!ree !i#! sc!ools in a &edi%&8si)ed cit, and asked t!e 0%estion9 >3o ,o% 'lan to "inis! ,o%r !i#! sc!ool ed%cation-? More t!an BH 'ercent ans ered >*es.? T!is s!o s t!at t!e over !el&in# &a+orit, o" st%dents ant to "inis! !i#! sc!ool9 and t!at i" t!e national dro'o%t rate a&on# !i#! sc!ool st%dents is !i#!9 it cannot be d%e to a lack o" desire on t!e 'art o" t!e st%dents. T!e reasonin# o" t!e ar#%&ent above is 0%estionable beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ "ails to +%sti", its 'res%&'tion t!at BH 'ercent is an over !el&in# &a+orit, .1/ atte&'ts to dra t o con"lictin# concl%sions "ro& t!e res%lts o" one s%rve, .C/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!ere &a, in "act not be a !i#! dro'o%t rate a&on# !i#! sc!ool st%dents .3/ contradicts itsel" b, ad&ittin# t!at t!ere &a, be a !i#! dro'o%t rate a&on# st%dents !ile clai&in# t!at &ost st%dents ant to "inis! !i#! sc!ool

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<@

.E/ treats !i#! sc!ool st%dents "ro& a 'artic%lar &edi%&8si)ed cit, as i" t!e, are re'resentative o" !i#! sc!ool st%dents nation ide @. Col%&nist: A de&ocratic societ, cannot e(ist %nless its citi)ens !ave establis!ed stron# bonds o" &%t%al tr%st. S%c! bonds are "or&ed and stren#t!ened onl, b, 'artici'ation in civic or#ani)ations9 'olitical 'arties9 and ot!er #ro%'s o%tside t!e "a&il,. It is obvio%s t!en t!at ides'read reliance on &ovies and electronic &edia "or entertain&ent !as an in!erentl, corrosive e""ect on de&ocrac,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e col%&nists ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ An,one !o relies on &ovies and electronic &edia "or entertain&ent is %nable to "or& a stron# bond o" &%t%al tr%st it! a citi)en. .1/ Civic or#ani)ations cannot %se"%ll, advance t!eir #oals b, %sin# electronic &edia. .C/ 2e s'a'ers and ot!er "or&s o" 'rint &edia stren#t!en9 rat!er t!an eaken9 de&ocratic instit%tions. .3/ Rel,in# on &ovies and electronic &edia "or entertain&ent #enerall, &akes 'eo'le less likel, to 'artici'ate in #ro%'s o%tside t!eir "a&ilies. .E/ Feo'le !o rel, on &ovies and electronic &edia "or entertain&ent are #enerall, closer to t!eir "a&ilies t!an are t!ose !o do not. G. Standard arc!aeolo#ical tec!ni0%es &ake it 'ossible to deter&ine t!e a#e o" an,t!in# containin# ve#etable &atter9 b%t onl, i" t!e ob+ect is "ree o" &inerals containin# carbon. Fre!istoric artists 'ainted on li&estone it! 'i#&ents co&'osed o" ve#etable &atter9 b%t it is i&'ossible to collect sa&'les o" t!is 're!istoric 'aint it!o%t re&ovin# li&estone9 a &ineral containin# carbon9 it! t!e 'aint. T!ere"ore9 it is not 'ossible to deter&ine t!e a#e o" 're!istoric 'aintin#s on li&estone %sin# standard arc!aeolo#ical tec!ni0%es. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!ere e(ist several di""erent tec!ni0%es "or collectin# sa&'les o" 're!istoric 'i#&ents on li&estone. .1/ Laborator, 'roced%res e(ist t!at can re&ove all t!e li&estone "ro& a sa&'le o" 're!istoric 'aint on li&estone. .C/ T!e a#e o" t!e li&estone itsel" can be deter&ined "ro& sa&'les t!at contain no ve#etable8based 'aint. .3/ Fre!istoric artists did not %se an,t!in# ot!er t!an ve#etable &atter to &ake t!eir 'aints. .E/ T!e 'ro'ortion o" carbon to ot!er ele&ents in li&estone is t!e sa&e in all sa&'les o" li&estone. Questions '-8 3r. Jones: T!e ne tec!nolo#, d%bbed >tele&edicine? ill 'rovide s%stained http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<G

i&'rove&ent in at least r%ral 'atient care since it allo s r%ral '!,sicians to televise &edical e(a&inations to s'ecialists !o live at #reat distancesKs'ecialists !o ill t!%s be able to 'rovide advice t!e r%ral 'atient o%ld ot!er ise not receive. 3r. Carabella: 2ot so. Tele&edicine &i#!t !el' r%ral 'atient care initiall,. :o ever9 s&all !os'itals ill soon reali)e t!at t!e, can &ini&i)e e('enses b, re'lacin# '!,sicians it! tec!nicians !o can %se tele&edicine to trans&it e(a&inations to lar#e &edical centers9 res%ltin# in "e er 'atients bein# able to receive traditional9 direct &edical e(a&inations. Event%all,9 it ill be t!e rare individ%al !o ever #ets tr%l, 'ersonal attention. :ence9 r%ral as ell as %rban 'atient care ill s%""er. A. !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is a 'oint at iss%e bet een 3r. Jones and 3r. Carabella.A/ !et!er &edical s'ecialists in #eneral o""er better advice t!an r%ral '!,sicians .1/ !et!er tele&edicine tec!nolo#, ill be installed onl, in r%ral !os'itals and r%ral &edical centers .C/ !et!er tele&edicine is likel, to be idel, ado'ted in r%ral areas in "%t%re ,ears .3/ !et!er t!e 'atients !o &ost need t!e advice o" &edical s'ecialists are likel, to receive it t!ro%#! tele&edicine .E/ !et!er t!e tec!nolo#, o" tele&edicine ill bene"it r%ral 'atients in t!e lon# r%n B. 3r. Carabella %ses !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# strate#ies in res'ondin# to 3r. Jones.A/ listin# a set o" considerations to s!o t!at a 'rescribed treat&ent t!at see&s to be bene"itin# a 'atient in "act !ar&s t!at 'atient .1/ describin# t!e a''lication o" t!e tec!nolo#, disc%ssed b, 3r. Jones as one ste' t!at initiates a 'rocess t!at leads to an %ndesirable end .C/ citin# evidence t!at 3r. Jones lacks t!e 'ro"essional trainin# to +%d#e t!e case at iss%e .3/ invokin# &edical statistics t!at cast do%bt on t!e 're&ises %sed in 3r. Joness ar#%&ent .E/ 'rovidin# #ro%nds "or dis&issin# 3r. Joness inter'retation o" a ke, ter& in &edical tec!nolo#, H. Lines can be 'arallel in a E%clidean s,ste& o" #eo&etr,. 1%t t!e non8E%clidean s,ste& o" #eo&etr, t!at !as t!e &ost e&'irical veri"ication is re#arded b, several 'ro&inent '!,sicists as correctl, describin# t!e %niverse e in!abit. I" t!ese '!,sicists are ri#!t9 in o%r %niverse t!ere are no 'arallel lines. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion t!at is re0%ired b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!ere are no 'arallel lines in t!e non8E%clidean s,ste& o" #eo&etr, t!at !as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<A

t!e &ost e&'irical veri"ication. .1/ Most '!,sicists !ave not do%bted t!e vie t!at t!e %niverse is correctl, described b, t!e non8E%clidean s,ste& o" #eo&etr, t!at !as t!e &ost e&'irical veri"ication. .C/ T!ere are no 'arallel lines in ever, non8E%clidean s,ste& o" #eo&etr, t!at !as an, e&'irical veri"ication. .3/ T!e %niverse is correctl, described b, t!e non8E%clidean s,ste& o" #eo&etr, t!at !as t!e &ost e&'irical veri"ication i" 'ro&inent '!,sicists &aintain t!at it is. .E/ 7nl, '!,sicists !o are not 'ro&inent do%bt t!e vie t!at t!e %niverse is correctl, described t!e non8E%clidean s,ste& o" #eo&etr, t!at !as t!e &ost e&'irical veri"ication. 1I. F!iloso'!er: Feo'le are not intellect%all, ell s%ited to live in lar#e9 b%rea%cratic societies. T!ere"ore9 'eo'le can "ind !a''iness9 i" at all9 onl, in s&aller 'olitical %nits s%c! as villa#es. T!e reasonin# in t!e '!iloso'!ers ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent takes "or #ranted t!at .A/ no one can ever be !a'', livin# in a societ, in !ic! s!e or !e is not intellect%all, ell s%ited to live .1/ t!e 'ri&ar, '%r'ose o" s&all 'olitical %nits s%c! as villa#es is to &ake 'eo'le !a'', .C/ all societies t!at are 'la#%ed b, e(cessive b%rea%crac, are lar#e .3/ an,one !o lives in a villa#e or ot!er s&all 'olitical %nit t!at is not e(cessivel, b%rea%cratic can "ind !a''iness .E/ ever,one is illin# to live in villa#es or ot!er s&all 'olitical %nits 11. T!e 'resent #oal o" t!e "ield o" &edicine see&s to be to e(tend li"e inde"initel,. Increasin#l,9 t!e abilit, to trans'lant s%c! or#ans as !earts9 l%n#s9 livers9 and kidne,s ill allo %s to live lon#er. 1%t e can never ac!ieve brain trans'lants. T!ere are9 "or a start9 ten &illion nerves r%nnin# "ro& t!e brain do n t!e neck9 not to &ention t!e &illions +oinin# t!e brain to t!e sensin# or#ans. Clearl,9 t!en9 as t!e trans'lantation o" or#ans allo s &ore and &ore 'eo'le to live lon#er9 t!ose it! de#enerative brain disorders ill "or& an ever8increasin# 'ro'ortion o" t!e 'o'%lation. T!e ar#%&ent above is based on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions.A/ 3e#enerative brain disorders ill increasin#l, strike ,o%n#er and ,o%n#er 'atients. .1/ It is still 0%ite rare "or 'eo'le to live lon# eno%#! to need &ore t!an one trans'lant o" an, #ive or#an. .C/ T!ere are de#enerative brain disorders t!at ill not be c%rable it!o%t brain trans'lants. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<B

.3/ 3e#enerative brain disorders acco%nt "or a ver, s&all 'ro'ortion o" deat!s in t!e 'o'%lation at lar#e. .E/ More is bein# s'ent on researc! into de#enerative brain disorders t!an on researc! into trans'lantation. 15. Folitician: M, o''onents ar#%e t!at t!e "%t%re o" o%r cit, de'ends on co&'ro&ise Kt!at %nless t!e cit,s leaders '%t aside t!eir di""erences and ork to#et!er to ard co&&on #oals9 t!e cit, ill s%""er. :o ever9 t!e "o%nders o" t!is cit, based t!e cit,s c!arter on de"inite 'rinci'les9 and an,one !o co&'ro&ises t!ose 'rinci'les betra,s t!e cit, "o%nders #oals. 6!at an, o''onents are advocatin#9 t!ere"ore9 is not!in# less t!an betra,in# t!e #oals o" t!e cit,s "o%nders. Critic: I& a"raid ,o%r ar#%&ent is "la ed. =nless ,o%re ass%&in# t!at t!e di""erences a&on# t!e cit,s leaders are di""erences o" 'rinci'le9 ,o%r ar#%&ent de'ends on a &isleadin# %se o" t!e ter&;;;;;;. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rovides t!e &ost lo#ical co&'letion o" t!e critics state&ent.A/ betra, .1/ co&&on .C/ co&'ro&ise .3/ 'rinci'les .E/ o''onents 1<. T!o%#! &an, insects die soon a"ter re'rod%cin# "or t!e "irst ti&e9 so&e &a, live "or ,ears a"ter t!e s%rvival o" t!e ne(t #eneration !as been sec%red. A&on# t!e latter are so&e insects t!at ork "or t!e bene"it o" t!e ecos,ste&K"or e(a&'le9 bees. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can be 'ro'erl, in"erred "ro& t!e in"or&ation above.A/ S%rvival o" t!e s'ecies9 rat!er t!an o" t!e individ%al9 is t!e #oal o" &ost insect 'o'%lations. .1/ Insects t!at do not 'la, a vital role in t!e ecos,ste& are &ore likel, to dies a"ter re'rod%cin# "or t!e "irst ti&e. .C/ Most bees live ell be,ond t!e onset o" t!e #eneration t!at "ollo s t!e&. .3/ T!ose bees t!at re'rod%ce do not al a,s die soon a"ter re'rod%cin# "or t!e "irst ti&e. .E/ Most insects are !atc!ed sel"8s%""icient and do not need to be cared "or b, ad%lt insects. 1C. Feo'les 'olitical be!avior "re0%entl, does not &atc! t!eir r!etoric. Alt!o%#! &an, co&'lain abo%t #overn&ent intervention in t!eir lives9 t!e, tend not to reelect inactive 'oliticians. 1%t a 'oliticians activit, consists lar#el, in t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B<H

'assa#e o" la s !ose en"orce&ent a""ects voters lives. T!%s9 voters o"ten reelect 'oliticians !ose be!avior t!e, resent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes t!e role 'la,ed in t!e ar#%&ent b, t!e clai& t!at 'eo'le tend not to reelect inactive 'oliticians.A/ It describes a '!eno&enon "or !ic! t!e ar#%&ents concl%sion is o""ered as an e('lanation. .1/ It is a 're&ise o""ered in s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion t!at voters o"ten reelect 'oliticians !ose be!avior t!e, resent. .C/ It is o""ered as an e(a&'le o" !o a 'oliticians activit, consists lar#el, in t!e 'assa#e o" la s !ose en"orce&ent inter"eres it! voters lives. .3/ It is a #enerali)ation based on t!e clai& t!at 'eo'le co&'lain abo%t #overn&ent intervention in t!eir lives. .E/ It is cited as evidence t!at 'eo'les be!avior never &atc!es t!eir 'olitical belie"s. 1@. Lea: Conte&'orar, art !as beco&e bi# b%siness. 2o ada,s art !as less to do it! sel"8e('ression t!an it! &akin# &one,. T!e ork o" conte&'orar, artists is %tterl, bere"t o" s'ontaneit, and creativit,9 as a visit to an, art #aller, de&onstrates. S%san: I disa#ree. 7ne can still "ind s'ontaneo%s9 innovative ne art ork in &ost o" t!e s&aller9 inde'endent #alleries. Leas and S%sans re&arks 'rovide t!e &ost s%''ort "or !oldin# t!at t!e, disa#ree abo%t !et!er .A/ lar#e #alleries contain creative art ork .1/ &ost #alleries contain so&e art ork t!at lacks s'ontaneit, and creativit, .C/ conte&'orar, art !as beco&e bi# b%siness .3/ so&e s&aller art #alleries still e(!ibit creative ne art ork .E/ conte&'orar, art9 in #eneral9 is &%c! less concerned it! sel"8e('ression t!an older art is 1G. Et!icist: In a recent +%dicial decision9 a contractor as ordered to &ake restit%tion to a co&'an, beca%se o" a b%n#led constr%ction +ob9 even t!o%#! t!e co&'an, !ad si#ned a ritten a#ree&ent 'rior to enterin# into t!e contract t!at t!e contractor o%ld not be "inanciall, liable s!o%ld t!e task not be ade0%atel, 'er"or&ed. T!%s9 it as &orall, ron# "or t!e co&'an, to c!an#e its &ind and seek restit%tion. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost !el's to +%sti", t!e et!icists reasonin#.A/ It is &orall, ron# "or one 'art, not to abide b, its 'art o" an a#ree&ent onl, i" t!e ot!er 'art, abides b, its 'art o" t!e a#ree&ent. .1/ It is &orall, ron# to seek a 'enalt, "or an action "or !ic! t!e a#ent is http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BCI

%nable to &ake restit%tion. .C/ It is &orall, ron# "or one 'erson to seek to 'enali)e anot!er 'erson "or an action t!at t!e "irst 'erson ind%ced t!e ot!er 'erson to 'er"or&. .3/ It is &orall, ron# to i#nore t!e ter&s o" an a#ree&ent t!at as "reel, %ndertaken onl, i" t!ere is clear evidence t!at t!e a#ree&ent as le#all, 'er&issible. .E/ It is &orall, ron# to seek co&'ensation "or an action 'er"or&ed in t!e conte(t o" a 'ro&ise to "or#o s%c! co&'ensation. 1A. Qoolo#ist: Ani&als can certainl, si#nal eac! ot!er it! so%nds and #est%res. :o ever9 t!is does not con"ir& t!e t!esis t!at ani&als 'ossess lan#%a#e9 "or it does not 'rove t!at ani&als 'ossess t!e abilit, to %se so%nds or #est%res to re"er to concrete ob+ects or abstract ideas. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e )oolo#ists ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Ani&als do not !ave t!e co#nitive ca'abilities to entertain abstract ideas. .1/ I" an ani&als s,ste& o" so%nds or #est%res is not a lan#%a#e9 t!en t!at ani&al is %nable to entertain abstract ideas. .C/ 6!en si#nalin# eac! ot!er it! so%nds o" #est%res9 ani&als re"er neit!er to concrete ob+ects nor abstract ideas. .3/ I" a s,ste& o" so%nds or #est%res contains no e('ressions re"errin# to concrete ob+ects or abstract ideas9 t!en t!at s,ste& is not a lan#%a#e. .E/ So&e ani&als t!at 'ossess a lan#%a#e can re"er to bot! concrete ob+ects and abstract ideas. 1B. A 'erson is &ore likel, to beco&e disabled as t!at 'erson a#es. A&on# ad%lts in t!e co%ntr, o" East 6endell9 !o ever9 t!e 'ro'ortion receivin# disabilit, bene"it 'a,&ents s!rinks "ro& C 'ercent a&on# @@ to GC ,ear olds to 5 'ercent "or t!ose a#ed G@ to AC and 1 'ercent "or t!ose a#ed A@ and older. T!e e('lanation o" t!is discre'anc, is t!at t!e 'ro'ortion o" +obs o""erin# s%c! a disabilit, bene"it !as #reatl, increased in recent ,ears. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e abo%t East 6endell9 s!o s t!at t!e e('lanation above is at best inco&'lete.A/ T!e treat&ent o" ne l, inc%rred disabilities is &ore s%ccess"%l no t!an in t!e 'ast in restorin# 'artial "%nction in t!e a""ected area it!in si( &ont!s. .1/ So&e 'eo'le receive disabilit, bene"it 'a,&ents %nder e&'lo,ers ins%rance 'lans9 and so&e receive t!e& "ro& t!e #overn&ent. .C/ Medical advances !ave 'rolon#ed t!e avera#e li"es'an be,ond !at it as 5I ,ears a#o. .3/ $or 'erson receivin# disabilit, bene"it 'a,&ents9 t!ose 'a,&ents on avera#e re'resent a s&aller s!are o" t!eir 'redisabilit, inco&e no t!an as t!e case 5I ,ears a#o. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BC1

.E/ =nder &ost e&'lo,ers 'lans9 disabilit, bene"it 'a,&ents sto' !en an e&'lo,ee it! a disabilit, reac!es t!e %s%al retire&ent a#e o" G@. 1H. Li#!t is re#istered in t!e retina !en '!otons !it &olec%les o" t!e 'i#&ent r!odo'sin and c!an#e t!e &olec%les s!a'e. Even !en t!e, !ave not been str%ck b, '!otons o" li#!t9 r!odo'sin &olec%les so&eti&es c!an#e s!a'e beca%se o" nor&al &olec%lar &otion9 t!ereb, introd%cin# error into t!e vis%al s,ste&. T!e a&o%nt o" t!is &olec%lar &otion is directl, 'ro'ortional to t!e te&'erat%re o" t!e retina. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# concl%sion is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e te&'erat%re o" an ani&als retina de'ends on t!e a&o%nt o" li#!t t!e retina is absorbin#. .1/ T!e vis%al s,ste&s o" ani&als !ose bo, te&'erat%re &atc!es t!at o" t!eir s%rro%ndin#s are &ore error8'rone in !ot s%rro%ndin#s t!an in cold ones. .C/ As t!e te&'erat%re o" t!e retina rises9 r!odo'sin &olec%les react &ore slo l, to bein# str%ck b, '!otons. .3/ R!odo'sin &olec%les are &ore sensitive to '!otons in ani&als !ose retinas !ave lar#e s%r"ace areas t!an in ani&als !ose retinas !ave s&all s%r"ace areas. .E/ Molec%les o" r!odo'sin are t!e onl, 'i#&ent &olec%les t!at occ%r nat%rall, in t!e retina. 5I. Critic: Folitical %tilit, deter&ines t!e 'o'%larit, o" a &eta'!or. In a%t!oritarian societies9 t!e &eta'!or o" societ, as a !%&an bod, #overned b, a !ead is 'ervasive. T!ere"ore9 t!e societ,8as8bod, &eta'!or9 it! its connection bet een societ,s 'ro'er "%nctionin# and #overnance b, a !ead9 'ro&otes #reater acce'tance o" a%t!oritarian re'ression t!an do ot!er &eta'!ors9 s%c! as likenin# societ, to a "a&il,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e critics ar#%&ent.A/ In a%t!oritarian societies9 t!e &eta'!or o" societ, as a "a&il, is +%st as 'ervasive as t!e societ,8as8bod, &eta'!or. .1/ Ever, societ, tries to +%sti", t!e le#iti&ac, o" its #overn&ent t!ro%#! t!e %se o" &eta'!or. .C/ T!e &eta'!or o" societ, as a !%&an bod, is so&eti&es %sed in nona%t!oritarian societies. .3/ A%t!oritarian leaders are al a,s searc!in# "or ne &eta'!ors "or societ, in t!eir e""ort to &aintain t!eir 'o er. .E/ T!e &eta'!or o" societ, as a !%&an bod, #overned b, !ead is rarel, %sed in liberal de&ocracies. 51. T!irt, ,ears a#o9 t!e 'ercenta#e o" t!eir inco&e t!at sin#le 'ersons s'ent on "ood http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BC5

as t ice !at it is toda,. Given t!at inco&es !ave risen over t!e 'ast t!irt, ,ears9 e can concl%de t!at inco&es !ave risen at a #reater rate t!an t!e 'rice o" "ood in t!at 'eriod. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" ass%&ed9 !el's &ost to +%sti", t!e concl%sion dra n above.A/ T!e a&o%nt o" "ood eaten 'er ca'ita toda, is identical to t!e a&o%nt o" "ood eaten 'er ca'ita t!irt, ,ears a#o. .1/ In #eneral9 sin#le 'ersons toda, eat !ealt!ier "oods and eat less t!an t!eir co%nter'arts o" t!irt, ,ears a#o. .C/ Sin#le 'ersons toda,9 on avera#e9 '%rc!ase t!e sa&e kinds o" "ood ite&s in t!e sa&e 0%antities as t!e, did t!irt, ,ears a#o. .3/ T!e 'rices o" non"ood ite&s sin#le 'erson '%rc!ase !ave risen "aster t!an t!e 'rice o" "ood over t!e 'ast t!irt, ,ears. .E/ =nlike sin#le 'ersons9 "a&ilies toda, s'end abo%t t!e sa&e 'ercenta#e o" t!eir inco&e on "ood as t!e, did t!irt, ,ears a#o. 55. 4ir%ses can !ave bene"icial e""ects. $or e(a&'le9 so&e kill &ore co&'le( &icroor#anis&s9 so&e o" !ic! are deadl, to !%&ans. 1%t vir%ses !ave s%c! si&'le str%ct%res t!at re'lacin# +%st a "e o" a bene"icial vir%ss several &illion ato&s can &ake it deadl, to !%&ans. Clearl,9 since alterations o" #reater co&'le(it, t!an t!is are co&&onl, 'rod%ce b, rando& &%tations9 an, vir%s co%ld easil, beco&e dan#ero%s to !%&ans. I" t!e state&ents above are tr%e9 t!en eac! o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents co%ld also be tr%e EECEFT: .A/ Rando& &%tation &akes so&e deadl, vir%ses bene"icial to !%&ans. .1/ So&e or#anis&s o" #reater co&'le(it, t!an vir%ses are no &ore likel, t!an vir%ses to %nder#o si#ni"icant alterations t!ro%#! rando& &%tation. .C/ So&e &icroor#anis&s t!at are &ore co&'le( t!an vir%ses are bene"icial to !%&ans. .3/ So&e vir%ses t!at "ail to kill ot!er vir%ses t!at are deadl, to !%&ans are nevert!eless bene"icial to !%&ans. .E/ 2o vir%s t!at is deadl, to or#anis&s o" #reater co&'le(it, t!an itsel" is bene"icial to !%&ans. 5<. Societies in !ic! val%e is &eas%red 'ri&aril, in "inancial ter&s invariabl, "ra#&ent into isolated social %nits. 1%t since &one, is not t!e &ain &eas%re o" val%e in nonind%strial societies9 t!e, &%st tend in contrast to be sociall, %ni"ied. T!e "la ed reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost si&ilar to t!at in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ Ani&als o" di""erent #enera cannot interbreed. 1%t t!at does not 'rove t!at +ackals and olves cannot interbreed9 "or t!e, belon# to t!e sa&e #en%s. .1/ Ecos,ste&s close to t!e e0%ator %s%all, !ave &ore s'ecies t!an t!ose closer http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BC<

to t!e 'oles. T!%s9 t!e Sa!ara 3esert &%st contain &ore s'ecies t!an Siberia does9 since t!e latter is "art!er "ro& t!e e0%ator. .C/ Insects 'ass t!ro%#! several sta#es o" &at%ration: e##9 larva9 '%'a9 and ad%lt. Since insect are art!ro'ods9 all art!ro'ods 'robabl, %nder#o si&ilar &at%ration 'rocesses. .3/ Foets "re0%entl, conve, t!eir t!o%#!ts via nonliteral %ses o" lan#%a#e s%c! as &eta'!ors and analo#ies. 1%t +o%rnalists are not 'oets9 so s%rel, +o%rnalists al a,s %se lan#%a#e literall,. .E/ Tec!nolo#icall, so'!isticated &ac!ines o"ten ca%se %s &ore tro%ble t!an si&'ler devices servin# t!e sa&e "%nction. Since co&'%ters are &ore tec!nolo#icall, so'!isticated t!an 'encils9 t!e, &%st tend to be &ore tro%bleso&e. 5C. Rin#tail o'oss%&s are an A%stralian ildli"e s'ecies t!at is 'otentiall, endan#ered. A n%&ber o" rin#tail o'oss%&s t!at !ad been or'!aned and s%bse0%entl, raised in ca'tivit, ere &onitored a"ter bein# ret%rned to t!e ild. Sevent,8"ive 'ercent o" t!ese o'oss%&s ere killed b, "o(es9 a s'ecies not native to A%stralia. Conservationists concl%ded t!at t!e native rin#tail o'oss%& 'o'%lation as endan#ered not b, a scarcit, o" "ood9 as !ad been 'revio%sl, t!o%#!t9 b%t b, non8native 'redator s'ecies a#ainst !ic! t!e o'oss%& !ad not develo'ed nat%ral de"enses. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts t!e conservationists ar#%&ent.A/ T!ere are "e er non8native 'redator s'ecies t!at 're, on t!e rin#tail o'oss%& t!an t!ere are native s'ecies t!at 're, on t!e rin#tail o'oss%&. .1/ $o(es9 !ic! ere introd%ced into A%stralia over 5II ,ears a#o9 ada'ted to t!e A%stralian cli&ate less s%ccess"%ll, t!an did so&e ot!er "orei#n s'ecies. .C/ T!e rin#tail o'oss%&s t!at ere raised in ca'tivit, ere "ed a diet si&ilar to t!at !ic! rin#tail o'oss%&s t,'icall, eat in t!e ild. .3/ $e o" t!e s'ecies t!at co&'ete it! t!e rin#tail o'oss%& "or "ood so%rces are native to A%stralia. .E/ Rin#tail o'oss%&s t!at #ro to ad%lt!ood in t!e ild de"end t!e&selves a#ainst "o(es no &ore s%ccess"%ll, t!an do rin#tail o'oss%&s raised in ca'tivit,. 5@. Jordan: I" a b%siness invests t!e &one, necessar, to i&'le&ent ecolo#icall, so%nd 'ractices9 its &arket s!are ill decrease. 1%t i" it doesnt i&'le&ent t!ese 'ractices9 it 'oll%tes t!at environ&ent and astes reso%rces. Terr,: 1%t i" cons%&ers de&and environ&ental res'onsibilit, o" all b%sinesses9 no 'artic%lar b%siness ill be es'eciall, !%rt. In !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# e(c!an#es is t!e lo#ical relations!i' bet een Jordans and Terr,s state&ents &ost si&ilar to t!e lo#ical relations!i' bet een http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BCC

t!eir state&ents above.A/ Jordan: Eit!er it ill rain and o%r 'lans "or a 'icnic ill be t! arted or it ont rain and t!e #arden ill #o ,et anot!er da, it!o%t &%c!8needed aterin#. Terr,: 1%t i" it doesnt rain9 e can b%, a !ose and ater t!e #arden it! t!e !ose. .1/ Jordan: Eac! 'erson can !ave eit!er an en+o,able li"e or a lon# li"e9 "or one &%st eat ve#etables and e(ercise contin%o%sl, to sta, !ealt!,. Terr,: T!ats not tr%e: t!ere are &an, !a'', !ealt!8conscio%s 'eo'le. .C/ Jordan: I" ta(es are raised9 &an, social 'roble&s co%ld be solved9 b%t i" t!e,re lo ered9 t!e econo&, ill #ro a#ain. So e cant !ave bot! social re"or& and a #ro in# econo&,. Terr,: 1%t i" ta(es re&ain at t!eir c%rrent level9 neit!er social 'roble&s nor t!e econo&, ill #et orse. .3/ Jordan: I" e re&odel t!e kitc!en9 t!e !o%se ill be &ore val%able9 b%t even i" e do9 t!eres no #%arantee t!at ell act%all, #et &ore "or t!e !o%se !en e sell it. Terr,: 1%t i" e dont re&odel t!e kitc!en9 e &i#!t #et even less "or t!e !o%se t!an e 'aid "or it. .E/ Jordan: I" t!e da&s s'ill a, is o'ened9 t!e river &i#!t "lood t!e eastern 'art o" to n9 b%t i" t!e s'ill a, is not o'ened9 t!e da& &i#!t b%rst. Terr,: T!eres no real dan#er o" t!e da&s b%rstin#9 b%t i" e #et &ore !eav, rain9 o'enin# t!e s'ill a, is t!e &ost 'r%dent 'olic,. 5G. T!e &edia no devote &ore covera#e to cri&e t!an t!e, did ten ,ears a#o. *et t!is is not beca%se t!e cri&e rate !as increased9 b%t rat!er beca%se t!e '%blic is no &ore interested in readin# and !earin# abo%t cri&e. A"ter all9 a cr%cial "actor in t!e &edias decisions abo%t !at iss%es to cover and to !at e(tent to cover t!e& is t!e interests o" t!eir a%diences. T!e 'ro'osition t!at t!e '%blic is no &ore interested in readin# and !earin# abo%t cri&e 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It s%''orts t!e concl%sion t!at t!e &edia no devote &ore covera#e to cri&e t!an t!e cri&e rate alone +%sti"ies. .1/ It is 'resented as evidence t!at t!e &edia decide !at to cover and to !at e(tent to cover it de'endin# on t!e interest o" t!e '%blic. .C/ It is a co%ntere(a&'le to t!e clai& t!at t!e &edia devote &ore covera#e to cri&e no t!an t!e, did ten ,ears a#o. .3/ It is a #enerali)ation based on t!e clai& t!at t!e cri&e rate !as increased over t!e 'ast ten ,ears. .E/ It is o""ered as an alternative e('lanation o" !, t!e &edia devote &ore covera#e to cri&e no t!an t!e, did ten ,ears a#o. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BC@

TEST Oct 2001 SECTION I

Time 35 minutes 26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

So&e critics ar#%e t!at an o'eras sta#e directions are never re"lected in its &%sic. Man, co&ic scenes in Mo)arts o'eras9 !o ever9 o'en it! violin '!rases t!at so%nd like t!e s0%eakin# o" c!an#in# scener,. Clearl, Mo)art intended t!e &%sic to ec!o t!e so%nds occ%rrin# !ile sta#e directions are carried o%t. :ence9 a c!an#e o" scener,Kt!e &ost basic and "re0%ent sta#e directionKcan be re"lected in t!e &%sic9 !ic! &eans t!at ot!er o'eratic sta#e directions can be as ell. In t!e ar#%&ent9 t!e state&ent t!at &an, co&ic scenes in Mo)arts o'eras o'en it! violin '!rases t!at so%nd like t!e s0%eakin# o" c!an#in# scener, is o""ered in s%''ort o" t!e clai& t!at .A/ a c!an#e o" scener, is t!e sta#e direction &ost "re0%entl, re"lected in an o'eras &%sic .1/ an o'eras sta#e directions are never re"lected in its &%sic .C/ an o'eras &%sic can !ave an e""ect on t!e o'eras sta#e directions .3/ a variet, o" sta#e directions can be re"lected in an o'eras &%sic .E/ t!e &ost "re0%ent relation bet een an o'eras &%sic and its sta#e directions is one o" &%sical i&itation o" t!e so%nds t!at occ%r !en a direction is carried o%t

5.

Lect%re: Given o%r c%rrent state o" kno led#e and tec!nolo#,9 e can sa, t!at t!e #enerali)ation t!at t!e entro', o" a closed s,ste& cannot decrease "or an, s'ontaneo%s 'rocess !as not been "alsi"ied b, an, o" o%r tests o" t!at #enerali)ation. So e concl%de it to be tr%e %niversall,. *et9 it &%st be ad&itted t!at t!is #enerali)ation !as not been concl%sivel, veri"ied9 in t!e sense t!at it !as not been tested in ever, corner o" t!e %niverse9 %nder ever, "easible condition. 2evert!eless9 t!is #enerali)ation is correctl, re#arded as a scienti"ic la D indeed9 it is re"erred to as t!e Second La o" T!er&od,na&ics. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost +%sti"ies t!e lect%rers classi"ication o" t!e #enerali)ation described above.A/ 6!atever is a scienti"ic la !as not been "alsi"ied. .1/ I" a #enerali)ation is con"ir&ed onl, %nder a "e circ%&stances9 it s!o%ld not be considered a scienti"ic la . .C/ 6!atever is tr%e %niversall, ill event%all, be con"ir&ed to t!e e(tent c%rrent science allo s.

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BCG

.3/ I" a #enerali)ation is con"ir&ed to t!e e(tent c%rrent science allo s9 t!en it is considered a scienti"ic la . .E/ 6!atever is re#arded as a scienti"ic la veri"ied. <. ill event%all, be concl%sivel,

More o&en t!an &en s%""er "ro& Al)!ei&ers diseaseKa disease t!at is &ost co&&onl, contracted b, elderl, 'ersons. T!is discre'anc, !as o"ten been attrib%ted to o&ens lon#er li"e s'an9 b%t !is t!eor, &a, be ron#. A recent st%d, !as s!o n t!at 'rescribin# estro#en to o&en a"ter &eno'a%se9 !en estro#en 'rod%ction in t!e bod, decreases9 &a, 'revent t!e& "ro& develo'in# t!e disease. Mens s%''l, o" testosterone &a, !el' sa"e#%ard t!e& a#ainst Al)!ei&ers disease beca%se &%c! o" it is converted b, t!e bod, to estro#en9 and testosterone levels sta, relativel, stable into old a#e. 6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ A decrease in estro#en9 rat!er t!an lon#er li"e s'an9 &a, e('lain t!e !i#!er occ%rrence o" Al)!ei&ers disease in o&en relative to &en. .1/ As one #ets older9 ones c!ances o" develo'in# Al)!i&ers disease increase. .C/ 6o&en !o #o t!ro%#! &eno'a%se earlier in li"e t!an do &ost ot!er o&en !ave an increased risk o" contractin# Al)!ei&ers disease. .3/ T!e conversion o" testosterone into estro#en &a, !el' sa"e#%ard &en "ro& Al)!ei&ers disease. .E/ Testosterone is necessar, "or 'reventin# Al)!ei&ers disease in older &en.

C.

Farent F: C!ildren ill need co&'%ter skills to deal it! to&orro s orld. Co&'%ters s!o%ld be introd%ced in kinder#arten9 and co&'%ter lan#%a#es s!o%ld be re0%ired in !i#! sc!ool. Farent 7: T!at o%ld be 'ointless. Tec!nolo#, advances so ra'idl, t!at t!e co&'%ters %sed b, toda,s !i#! sc!ools o%ld beco&e obsolete b, t!e ti&e t!ese c!ildren are ad%lts. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 is t!e stron#est lo#ical co%nter 'arent F can &ake to 'arent Ns ob+ection.A/ 6!en tec!nolo#, is advancin# ra'idl,9 re#%lar trainin# is necessar, to kee' ones skills at a level 'ro"icient eno%#! to deal it! t!e societ, in !ic! one lives. .1/ T!ro%#!o%t !istor, 'eo'le !ave ada'ted to c!an#e9 and t!ere is no reason to believe t!at toda,s c!ildren are not e0%all, ca'able o" ada'tin# to tec!nolo#, as it advances. .C/ In t!e 'rocess o" learnin# to lan#%a#e9 c!ildren increase t!eir abilit, to interact it! co&'%ter tec!nolo#,. .3/ A%to&otive tec!nolo#, is contin%all, advancin# too9 b%t t!at does not res%lt in ones !avin# to relearn to drive cars as t!e ne advances are incor'orated http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BCA

into ne a%to&obiles. .E/ 7nce 'eo'le !ave #rad%ated "ro& !i#! sc!ool9 t!e, !ave less ti&e to learn abo%t co&'%ters and tec!nolo#, t!an t!e, !ad d%rin# t!eir sc!oolin# ,ears. Questions 5-& Fro'onent: Irradiation o" "ood b, #a&&a ra,s o%ld kee' it "ro& s'oilin# be"ore it reac!es t!e cons%&er in "ood stores. T!e 'rocess leaves no radiation be!ind9 and vita&in losses are co&'arable to t!ose t!at occ%r in cookin#9 so t!ere is no reason to re+ect irradiation on t!e #ro%nds o" n%trition or sa"et,. Indeed9 it kills !ar&"%l /al,onella bacteria9 !ic! in conta&inated 'o%ltr, !ave ca%sed serio%s illness to cons%&ers. 7''onent: T!e irradiation 'rocess !as no e""ect on t!e bacteria t!at ca%se bot%lis&9 a ver, serio%s "or& o" "ood 'oisonin#9 !ile t!ose t!at ca%se bad odors t!at o%ld arn cons%&ers o" bot%lis& are killed. Moreover9 /al,onella and t!e bacteria t!at ca%se bot%lis& can easil, be killed in 'o%ltr, b, %sin# a sa"e c!e&ical di'. @. T!e o''onents ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ isolatin# an a&bi#%it, in a cr%cial ter& in t!e 'ro'onents ar#%&ent .1/ s!o in# t!at clai&s &ade in t!e 'ro'onents ar#%&ent res%lt in a sel"8 contradiction .C/ establis!in# t!at %ndesirable conse0%ences res%lt "ro& t!e ado'tion o" eit!er one o" t o 'ro'osed re&edies .3/ s!i"tin# 'ers'ective "ro& sa"et, it! res'ect to cons%&ers to sa"et, it! res'ect to 'rod%cers .E/ 'ointin# o%t an alternative a, o" obtainin# an advanta#e clai&ed b, t!e 'ro'onent it!o%t riskin# a 'artic%lar disadvanta#e G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# co%ld t!e o''onent 'ro'erl, cite as indicatin# a "la in t!e 'ro'onents reasonin# concernin# vita&in losses.A/ A"ter irradiation9 "ood &i#!t still s'oil i" ke't in stora#e "or a lon# ti&e a"ter bein# '%rc!ased b, t!e cons%&er. .1/ Irradiated "ood o%ld still need cookin#9 or9 i" eaten ra 9 it o%ld not !ave t!e vita&in advanta#e o" ra "ood. .C/ 4ita&in loss is a se'arate iss%e "ro& sa"et,. .3/ 4ita&ins can be in#ested in 'ill "or& as ell as in "oods. .E/ T!at "ood does not s'oil be"ore it can be o""ered to t!e cons%&er is 'ri&aril, a bene"it to t!e seller9 not to t!e cons%&er. A. 3%e to ider co&&ercial availabilit, o" a%dio recordin#s o" a%t!ors readin# t!eir o n books9 sales o" 'rinted books !ave dro''ed si#ni"icantl,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# con"or&s &ost closel, to t!e 'rinci'le ill%strated abovehttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BCB

.A/ 1eca%se o" t!e risin# cost o" "ar& labor9 "ar&ers be#an to &ake &ore e(tensive %se o" &ac!ines. .1/ 1eca%se o" t!e ide variet, o" ne co&'%ter #a&es on t!e &arket9 sales o" !i#!80%alit, co&'%ter video screens !ave i&'roved. .C/ 1eca%se a ne brand o" so"t drink entered t!e &arket9 cons%&ers red%ced t!eir cons%&'tion o" an establis!ed brand o" so"t drink. .3/ 1eca%se a c!ild as "orbidden to 'la, %ntil !o&e ork as co&'leted9 t!at c!ild did &%c! less da,drea&in# and "oc%sed on !o&e ork. .E/ 1eca%se neit!er o" t!e t o leadin# ord 'rocessin# 'ro#ra&s !as all o" t!e "eat%res cons%&ers ant9 neit!er !as been able to do&inate t!e &arket. B. Lobsters and ot!er cr%staceans eaten b, !%&ans are &ore likel, to contract #ill diseases !en se a#e conta&inates t!eir ater. =nder a recent 'ro'osal9 &illions o" #allons o" local se a#e eac! da, o%ld be rero%ted &an, kilo&eters o""s!ore. Alt!o%#! t!is o%ld s%bstantiall, red%ce t!e a&o%nt o" se a#e in t!e !arbor !ere lobsters are ca%#!t9 t!e 'ro'osal is 'ointless9 beca%se !ardl, an, lobsters live lon# eno%#! to be !ar&ed b, t!ose diseases. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Conta&inants in t!e !arbor ot!er t!an se a#e are e0%all, !ar&"%l to lobsters. .1/ Lobsters9 like ot!er cr%staceans9 live lon#er in t!e o'en ocean t!an in ind%strial !arbors. .C/ Lobsters breed as readil, in se a#e8conta&inated ater as in %n'oll%ted ater. .3/ Gill diseases cannot be detected b, e(a&inin# t!e s%r"ace o" t!e lobster. .E/ :%&ans o"ten ill as a res%lt o" eatin# lobsters it! #ill diseases. H. Researc!er: T!e rate o" 's,c!olo#ical 'roble&s is !i#!er a&on# c!ildren o" divorced 'arents t!an a&on# ot!er c!ildren. 1%t it o%ld be a &istake to concl%de t!at t!ese 'roble&s are ca%sed b, t!e di""ic%lt, t!e c!ildren !ave ad+%stin# to divorce. It is +%st as reasonable to in"er t!at certain be!aviors t!at increase t!e likeli!ood o" divorceK!ostilit,9 distr%st9 lack o" e&'at!,Kare learned b, c!ildren "ro& t!eir 'arents9 and t!at it is t!ese learned be!aviors9 rat!er t!an t!e di""ic%lt, o" ad+%stin# to divorce9 t!at ca%se t!e c!ildrens 's,c!olo#ical 'roble&s. T!e assertion t!at c!ildren o" divorced 'arents !ave a !i#!er rate o" 's,c!olo#ical 'roble&s t!an ot!er c!ildren "i#%res in t!e ar#%&ent in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# a,s.A/ It is t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent. .1/ It is t!e clai& t!at t!e ar#%&ent tries to re"%te. .C/ It is o""ered as evidence "or t!e clai& t!at divorce is !ar&"%l to t!e c!ildren o" t!e divorcin# 'arents. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BCH

.3/ It is o""ered as evidence "or t!e clai& t!at certain be!aviors are o"ten res'onsible "or divorce. .E/ It is cited as an establis!ed "indin# "or !ic! t!e ar#%&ent 'ro'oses an e('lanation. 1I. Alt!o%#! &arat!ons are 5G.5 &iles .C5.5 kilo&eters/ lon# and take even orld8 class &arat!oners over 5 !o%rs to r%n9 at!letes !o train b, r%nnin# HI &in%tes a da, "are better in &arat!ons t!an do t!ose !o train b, r%nnin# 15I &in%tes or &ore a da,. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes to an e('lanation o" t!e di""erence in &arat!on 'er"or&ances described above EECEFT: .A/ T!e lon#er t!e 'eriod o" ti&e t!at one r%ns dail,9 t!e #reater t!e c!ances o" s%""erin# adverse !ealt! e""ects d%e to air 'oll%tion. .1/ T!e lon#er t!e 'eriod o" ti&e t!at one r%ns dail,9 t!e easier it is to ad+%st to di""erent race len#t!s. .C/ T!e lon#er t!e r%n9 t!e &ore "re0%ent is t!e occ%rrence o" +oint in+%ries t!at si#ni"icantl, inter"ere it! overall trainin#. .3/ R%nners !o train over HI &in%tes 'er da, #ro bored it! r%nnin# and beco&e less &otivated. .E/ R%nners !o train over HI &in%tes 'er da, de'lete certain bioc!e&ical ener#, reserves9 leavin# t!e& less ener#, "or &arat!ons. 11. Lin#%ist: So&e 'eo'le !ave %nderstood certain st%dies as s!o in# t!at bilin#%al c!ildren !ave a red%ced >conce't%al &a'? beca%se bilin#%alis& overstresses t!e c!ilds lin#%istic ca'acities. 4ocab%lar, tests taken b, bilin#%al c!ildren a''ear to s!o t!at t!ese c!ildren tend to !ave a s&aller vocab%lar, t!an do &ost c!ildren o" t!e sa&e a#e #ro%'. 1%t t!ese st%dies are dee'l, "la ed9 since t!e tests ere #iven in onl, one lan#%a#e. 3%al8lan#%a#e tests revealed t!at t!e c!ildren o"ten e('ressed a #iven conce't it! a ord "ro& onl, one o" t!eir t o lan#%a#es. T!e lin#%ists ar#%&ent 'roceeds b, .A/ o""erin# evidence "or t!e advanta#es o" bilin#%alis& over &onolin#%alis& .1/ 'ointin# o%t an inconsistenc, in t!e vie t!at bilin#%alis& overstresses a c!ilds lin#%istic ca'abilities .C/ o""erin# evidence t!at %nder&ines t!e %se o" an, vocab%lar, test to 'rovide in"or&ation abo%t a c!ilds conce't%al &a' .3/ 'rovidin# a di""erent e('lanation "or t!e a''arent advanta#es o" bilin#%alis& "ro& t!e e('lanation s%##ested b, t!e res%lts o" certain st%dies .E/ 'ointin# o%t a &et!odolo#ical error in t!e tec!ni0%e %sed to obtain t!e '%r'orted evidence o" a 'roble& it! bilin#%alis& 15. Gene s'licin# can #ive rise to ne varieties o" "ar& ani&als t!at !ave onl, a 'artiall, %nderstood #enetic &ake%'. In addition to introd%cin# t!e #enes "or

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GMAT & LSAT CR

B@I

!ic!ever trait is desired9 t!e tec!ni0%e can introd%ce #enes #overnin# t!e 'rod%ction o" to(ins or carcino#ens9 and t!ese latter %ndesirable traits &i#!t not be easil, discoverable. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ All to(in 'rod%ction is #eneticall, controlled. .1/ Gene s'licin# to 'rod%ce ne varieties o" "ar& ani&als s!o%ld be %sed ca%tio%sl,. .C/ Gene s'licin# is not e""ective as a a, o" 'rod%cin# ne varieties o" "ar& ani&als. .3/ Most ne varieties o" "ar& ani&als 'rod%ced b, #ene s'licin# ill develo' cancer. .E/ Gene s'licin# ill advance to t!e 'oint !ere %n"oreseen conse0%ences are no lon#er a 'roble&. 1<. Jo%rnal: In several 's,c!olo#ical st%dies9 s%b+ects ere #iven state&ents to read t!at ca%sed t!e& to "or& ne belie"s. Later9 t!e s%b+ects ere told t!at t!e ori#inal state&ents ere "alse. T!e st%dies re'ort9 !o ever9 t!at &ost s%b+ects 'ersevered in t!eir ne l, ac0%ired belie"s9 even a"ter bein# told t!at t!e ori#inal state&ents ere "alse. T!is stron#l, s%##ests t!at !%&ans contin%e to !old onto ac0%ired belie"s even in t!e absence o" an, credible evidence to s%''ort t!e&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost %nder&ines t!e +o%rnals ar#%&ent.A/ Re#ardless o" t!e tr%t! o" !at t!e s%b+ects ere later told9 t!e belie"s based on t!e ori#inal state&ents ere9 "or t!e &ost 'art9 correct. .1/ It is %nrealistic to e('ect 'eo'le to kee' track o" t!e ori#inal basis o" t!eir belie"s9 and to revise a belie" !en its ori#inal basis is %nderc%t. .C/ T!e state&ents ori#inall, #iven to t!e s%b+ects o%ld be !i#!l, &isleadin# even i" tr%e. .3/ Most o" t!e s%b+ects !ad ac0%ired con"ir&ation o" t!eir ne l, ac0%ired belie"s b, t!e ti&e t!e, ere told t!at t!e ori#inal state&ents ere "alse. .E/ Most o" t!e s%b+ects ere initiall, ske'tical o" t!e state&ents ori#inall, #iven to t!e&. 1C. 2ovelists cannot beco&e #reat as lon# as t!e, re&ain in acade&ia. Fo ers o" observation and anal,sis9 !ic! sc!ools s%ccess"%ll, !one9 are %se"%l to t!e novelist9 b%t an int%itive #ras' o" t!e e&otions o" ever,da, li"e can be obtained onl, b, t!e kind o" i&&ersion in ever,da, li"e t!at is 'recl%ded b, bein# an acade&ic. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ 2ovelists re0%ire so&e i&'artialit, to #et an int%itive #ras' o" t!e e&otions o" ever,da, li"e. .1/ 2o #reat novelist lacks 'o ers o" observation and anal,sis.

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@1

.C/ Fartici'ation in li"e9 inters'ersed it! i&'artial observation o" li"e9 &akes novelists #reat. .3/ 2ovelists cannot be #reat it!o%t an int%itive #ras' o" t!e e&otions o" ever,da, li"e. .E/ Mno led#e o" t!e e&otions o" ever,da, li"e cannot be ac0%ired b, &erel, observin# and anal,)in# li"e. 1@. Statistician: A "inancial &a#a)ine clai&ed t!at its s%rve, o" its s%bscribers s!o ed t!at 2ort! A&ericans are &ore concerned abo%t t!eir 'ersonal "inances t!an abo%t 'olitics. 7ne 0%estion as: >6!ic! do ,o% t!ink abo%t &ore: 'olitics or t!e +o, o" earnin# &one,-? T!is 0%estion is clearl, biased. Also9 t!e readers o" t!e &a#a)ine are a sel"8selectin# sa&'le. T!%s9 t!ere is reason to be ske'tical abo%t t!e concl%sion dra n in t!e &a#a)ines s%rve,. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 o%ld stren#t!en t!e statisticians ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ T!e credibilit, o" t!e &a#a)ine !as been called into 0%estion on a n%&ber o" occasions. .1/ T!e concl%sions dra n in &ost &a#a)ine s%rve,s !ave event%all, been dis'roved. .C/ 7t!er s%rve,s s%##est t!at 2ort! A&ericans are +%st as concerned abo%t 'olitics as t!e, are abo%t "inances. .3/ T!ere is reason to be ske'tical abo%t t!e res%lts o" s%rve,s t!at are biased and %nre'resentative. .E/ 7t!er s%rve,s s%##est t!at 2ort! A&ericans are concerned not onl, it! 'olitics and "inances9 b%t also it! social iss%es. Questions 1&-1' 7n t!e basis o" t!e available evidence9 Antarctica !as #enerall, been t!o%#!t to !ave been covered b, ice "or at least t!e 'ast 1C &illion ,ears. Recentl,9 !o ever9 t!ree8 &illion8,ear8old "ossils o" a kind 'revio%sl, "o%nd onl, in ocean8"loor sedi&ents ere discovered %nder t!e ice s!eet coverin# central Antarctica. Abo%t t!ree &illion ,ears a#o9 t!ere"ore9 t!e Antarctic ice s!eet &%st te&'oraril, !ave &elted. A"ter all9 eit!er severe cli&atic ar&in# or volcanic activit, in Antarcticas &o%ntains co%ld !ave &elted t!e ice s!eet9 t!%s raisin# sea levels and s%b&er#in# t!e continent. 1G. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Antarctica is no lon#er #enerall, t!o%#!t to !ave been covered b, ice "or t!e 'ast 1C &illion ,ears. .1/ It is not t!e case t!at ancient "ossils o" t!e kind recentl, "o%nd in Antarctica are "o%nd onl, in ocean8"loor sedi&ents. .C/ T!e ice s!eet coverin# Antarctica !as not been contin%o%sl, 'resent t!ro%#!o%t t!e 'ast 1C &illion ,ears. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@5

.3/ 6!at ca%sed Antarctica to be s%b&er#ed %nder t!e sea as t!e &eltin# o" t!e ice s!eet t!at !ad 'revio%sl, covered t!e continent. .E/ T!e ice s!eet coverin# Antarctica as &elted eit!er as a res%lt o" volcanic activit, in Antarcticas &o%ntains or as a res%lt o" severe cli&atic ar&in#. 1A. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# criticis&s.A/ T!at a #iven 'osition is idel, believed to be tr%e is taken to s!o t!at t!e 'osition in 0%estion &%st9 in "act9 be tr%e. .1/ T!at eit!er o" t o t!in#s co%ld inde'endentl, !ave 'rod%ced a #iven e""ect is taken to s!o t!at t!ose t o t!in#s co%ld not !ave o'erated in con+%nction to 'rod%ce t!at e""ect. .C/ Establis!in# t!at a certain event occ%rred is con"%sed it! !avin# establis!ed t!e ca%se o" t!at event. .3/ A clai& t!at !as a ver, #eneral a''lication is based entirel, on evidence "ro& a narro l, restricted ran#e o" cases. .E/ An inconsistenc, t!at9 as 'resented9 !as &ore t!an one 'ossible resol%tion is treated as t!o%#! onl, one resol%tion is 'ossible. 1B. T!e c%rrent 'attern o" !%&an cons%&'tion o" reso%rces9 in !ic! e rel, on nonrene able reso%rces9 "or e(a&'le &etal ore9 &%st event%all, c!an#e. Since t!ere is onl, so &%c! &etal ore available9 %lti&atel, e &%st eit!er do it!o%t or t%rn to rene able reso%rces to take its 'lace. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion re0%ired b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!ere are rene able reso%rce re'lace&ents "or all o" t!e nonrene able reso%rces c%rrentl, bein# cons%&ed. .1/ 6e cannot inde"initel, re'lace e(!a%sted nonrene able reso%rces it! ot!er nonrene able reso%rces. .C/ A rene able reso%rce cannot be e(!a%sted b, !%&an cons%&'tion. .3/ Cons%&'tion o" nonrene able reso%rces ill not contin%e to increase in t!e "%t%re. .E/ =lti&atel, e cannot do it!o%t nonrene able reso%rces. 1H. Lat!,ris&9 a debilitatin# ne%rolo#ical disorder ca%sed b, t!e cons%&'tion o" t!e le#%&e )athyrus sati4us9 is ides'read a&on# t!e do&estic ani&als o" so&e co%ntries. Atte&'ts to %se rats to st%d, Lat!,ris& !ave #enerall, "ailed. Rats t!at in#ested )athyrus sati4us did not 'rod%ce t!e s,&'to&s associated it! t!e disorder. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e '!,siolo#, o" rats is radicall, di""erent "ro& t!at o" do&estic ani&als. .1/ T!e rats did not cons%&e as &%c! )athyrus sati4us as did t!e do&estic http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@<

ani&als t!at contracted Lat!,ris&. .C/ 2ot all ani&al s'ecies are e0%all, s%sce'tible to Lat!,ris&. .3/ Most o" t!e ani&als t!at can contract Lat!,ris& are do&estic. .E/ Laborator, conditions are not cond%cive to t!e develo'&ent o" Lat!,ris&. 5I. Col%&nist: Al&ost an,one can be an e('ert9 "or t!ere are no o""icial #%idelines deter&inin# !at an e('ert &%st kno . An,bod, !o &ana#es to convince so&e 'eo'le o" !is or !er 0%ali"ications in an areaK !atever t!ose &a, beKis an e('ert. T!e col%&nists concl%sion "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ Al&ost an,one can convince so&e 'eo'le o" !is or !er 0%ali"ications in so&e area. .1/ So&e e('erts convince ever,one o" t!eir 0%ali"ication in al&ost ever, area. .C/ Convincin# certain 'eo'le t!at one is 0%ali"ied in an area re0%ires t!at one act%all, be 0%ali"ied in t!at area. .3/ Ever, e('ert !as convinced so&e 'eo'le o" !is or !er 0%ali"ications in so&e area. .E/ So&e 'eo'le &ana#e to convince al&ost ever,one o" t!eir 0%ali"ications in one or &ore areas. 51. A 'atient co&'lained o" "eelin# constantl, "ati#%ed. It as deter&ined t!at t!e 'atient avera#ed onl, "o%r to si( !o%rs o" slee' 'er ni#!t9 and t!is as deter&ined to contrib%te to t!e 'atients condition. :o ever9 t!e 'atient as not advised to slee' &ore. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e s!orter ones slee' ti&e9 t!e easier it is to a aken "ro& slee'in#. .1/ T!e "irst t o !o%rs o" slee' do t!e &ost to alleviate "ati#%e. .C/ So&e 'eo'le re0%ire less slee' t!an t!e ei#!t !o%rs re0%ired b, t!e avera#e 'erson. .3/ Most 'eo'le !o s%""er "ro& ni#!t&ares e('erience t!e& in t!e last !o%r o" slee' be"ore akin#. .E/ 6orr, abo%t satis",in# t!e need "or s%""icient slee' can &ake it &ore di""ic%lt to slee'. 55. 2o c!ordates are trac!eo'!,tes9 and all &e&bers o" Ftero'sida are trac!eo'!,tes. So no &e&bers o" Ftero'sida belon# to t!e "a&il, :o&inidae. T!e concl%sion above "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ All &e&bers o" t!e "a&il, :o&inidae are trac!eo'!,tes.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@C

.1/ All &e&bers o" t!e "a&il, :o&inidae are c!ordates. .C/ All trac!eo'!,tes are &e&bers o" Ftero'sida. .3/ 2o &e&bers o" t!e "a&il, :o&inidae are c!ordates. .E/ 2o c!ordates are &e&bers o" Ftero'sida. 5<. So&e statisticians clai& t!at t!e s%rest a, to increase t!e overall correctness o" t!e total set o" ones belie"s is: never c!an#e t!at set9 e(ce't b, re+ectin# a belie" !en #iven ade0%ate evidence a#ainst it. :o ever9 i" t!is ere t!e onl, r%le one "ollo ed9 t!en !enever one ere 'resented it! an, kind o" evidence9 one o%ld !ave to eit!er re+ect so&e o" ones belie"s or else leave ones belie"s %nc!an#ed. 1%t t!en9 over ti&e9 one co%ld onl, !ave "e er and "e er belie"s. Since e need &an, belie"s in order to s%rvive9 t!e statisticians clai& &%st be &istaken. T!e ar#%&ent is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it .A/ 'res%&es9 it!o%t 'rovidin# an, +%sti"ication9 t!at t!e s%rest a, o" increasin# t!e overall correctness o" t!e total set o" ones belie"s &%st not !inder ones abilit, to s%rvive .1/ ne#lects t!e 'ossibilit, t!at even !ile "ollo in# t!e statisticians r%le9 one &i#!t also acce't ne belie"s !en 'resented it! so&e kinds o" evidence .C/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at so&e lar#e sets o" belie"s are &ore correct overall t!an are so&e s&all sets o" belie"s .3/ takes "or #ranted t!at one s!o%ld acce't so&e belie"s related to s%rvival even !en #iven ade0%ate evidence a#ainst t!e& .E/ takes "or #ranted t!at t!e belie"s e need in order to !ave &an, belie"s &%st all be correct belie"s 5C. In ever, case o" 'olitical %nrest in a certain co%ntr,9 t!e 'olice !ave discovered t!at so&e %nkno n 'erson or 'ersons or#ani)ed and "o&ented t!at %nrest. Clearl,9 t!ere"ore9 be!ind all t!e cases o" 'olitical %nrest in t!at co%ntr, t!ere !as been a sin#le &aster&ind !o or#ani)ed and "o&ented t!e& all. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Ever, C!ica#o driver !as a n%&ber on !is or !er license9 so t!e n%&ber on so&e C!ica#o drivers license is t!e e(act avera#e o" t!e n%&bers on all C!ica#o drivers licenses. .1/ Ever, tele'!one n%&ber in 2ort! A&erica !as an area code9 so t!ere &%st be at least as &an, area codes as tele'!one n%&bers in 2ort! A&erica. .C/ Ever, citi)en o" Ed&onton !as a social ins%rance n%&ber9 so t!ere &%st be one n%&ber t!at is t!e social ins%rance n%&ber "or all citi)ens o" Ed&onton. .3/ Ever, loss o" a sin#le !air is insi#ni"icant9 so no one !o !as a "%ll !ead o" !air at t ent, ever beco&es bald. .E/ Ever, &o&ent in 4ladi&irs li"e is "ollo ed b, a later &o&ent in 4ladi&irs http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@@

li"e9 so 4ladi&irs li"e ill never end. 5@. A co&'an, t!at 'rod%ces &ens colo#ne !ad been advertisin# t!e 'rod%ct in #eneral8circ%lation &a#a)ines "or several ,ears. T!en one ,ear t!e co&'an, decided to advertise its colo#ne e(cl%sivel, in t!ose s'orts &a#a)ines it! a 'redo&inantl, &ale readers!i'. T!at ,ear t!e co&'an, sold "e er bottles o" colo#ne t!an it !ad in an, o" t!e t!ree i&&ediatel, 'recedin# ,ears. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 best !el's to e('lain !, t!e sale o" t!e co&'an,s colo#ne dro''ed t!at ,ear.A/ Television advertisin# reac!es &ore 'eo'le t!an does &a#a)ine advertisin#9 b%t t!e co&'an, never advertised its colo#ne on television beca%se o" t!e !i#! cost. .1/ T!e #eneral8circ%lation &a#a)ines in !ic! t!e co&'an, !ad 'laced its advertise&ents e('erienced a lar#e rise in circ%lation recentl,. .C/ Most &en do not ear colo#ne on a re#%lar basis. .3/ 6o&en o"ten b%, colo#ne as #i"ts "or &ale "riends or relatives. .E/ S%ccess"%l advertise&ents "or &ens colo#ne o"ten "eat%re ell8kno n at!letes. 5G. Mi&: T!e ra'idl, #ro in# orld 'o'%lation is increasin# de&ands on "ood 'rod%cers in a,s t!at t!reaten o%r nat%ral reso%rces. 6it! &ore land needed "or bot! "ood 'rod%ction and %rban areas9 less land ill be available "or "orests and ildli"e !abitats. :a&'ton: *o% are overlookin# t!e 'ro&ises o" tec!nolo#,. I a& con"ident t!at i&'rove&ents in a#ric%lt%re ill allo %s to "eed t!e orld 'o'%lation o" ten billion 'redicted "or 5I@I it!o%t si#ni"icantl, increasin# t!e 'ercenta#e o" t!e orlds land no devoted to a#ric%lt%re. Mi&s and :a&'tons state&ents &ost stron#l, s%''ort t!e clai& t!at bot! o" t!e& o%ld a#ree it! !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ E""orts s!o%ld be taken to slo t!e rate o" !%&an 'o'%lation #ro t! and to increase t!e a&o%nt o" land co&&itted to a#ric%lt%re. .1/ Contin%ed researc! into &ore8e""icient a#ric%lt%ral 'ractices and innovative biotec!nolo#, ai&ed at 'rod%cin# &ore "ood on less land o%ld be bene"icial. .C/ A#ric%lt%ral and ilderness areas need to be 'rotected "ro& %rban encroac!&ent b, 're'arin# %rban areas "or #reater 'o'%lation densit,. .3/ In t!e ne(t !al" cent%r,9 !%&an 'o'%lation #ro t! ill contin%e to erode ildli"e !abitats and di&inis! "orests. .E/ T!e !%&an diet needs to be &odi"ied in t!e ne(t !al" cent%r, beca%se o" t!e de'letion o" o%r nat%ral reso%rces d%e to over'o'%lation. SECTI72 I4

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@G

Time 35 minutes 26 Questions

Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

T!e #ra'!ical ill%strations &at!e&atics teac!ers %se enable st%dents to learn #eo&etr, &ore easil, b, 'rovidin# t!e& it! an int%itive %nderstandin# o" #eo&etric conce'ts9 !ic! &akes it easier to ac0%ire t!e abilit, to &ani'%late s,&bols "or t!e '%r'ose o" calc%lation. Ill%stratin# al#ebraic conce'ts #ra'!icall, o%ld be e0%all, e""ective 'eda#o#icall,9 even t!o%#! t!e dee'est &at!e&atical %nderstandin# is abstract9 not i&a#istic. T!e state&ents above 'rovide so&e s%''ort "or eac! o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ Fictorial %nderstandin# is not t!e "inal sta#e o" &at!e&atical %nderstandin#. .1/ Feo'le !o are ver, #ood at &ani'%latin# s,&bols do not necessaril, !ave an, &at!e&atical %nderstandin#. .C/ Ill%stratin# #eo&etric conce'ts #ra'!icall, is an e""ective teac!in# &et!od. .3/ Ac0%irin# t!e abilit, to &ani'%late s,&bols is 'art o" t!e 'rocess o" learnin# #eo&etr,. .E/ T!ere are strate#ies t!at can be e""ectivel, e&'lo,ed in t!e teac!in# bot! o" al#ebra and o" #eo&etr,.

5.

1%rea%cratic &ec!anis&s are en#ineered to resist c!an#e. T!%s9 des'ite #ro in# dissatis"action it! co&'le( b%rea%cratic s,ste&s9 it is %nlikel, t!at b%rea%cracies ill be si&'li"ied. T!e clai& t!at b%rea%cratic &ec!anis&s are en#ineered to resist c!an#e 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&ent.A/ It is a 're&ise o""ered in s%''ort o" t!e clai& t!at it is %nlikel, t!at b%rea%cracies ill be si&'li"ied. .1/ It is a concl%sion "or !ic! t!e onl, s%''ort o""ered is t!e clai& t!at dissatis"action it! co&'le( b%rea%cratic s,ste&s is #ro in#. .C/ It is cited as evidence t!at b%rea%cratic s,ste&s are beco&in# &ore and &ore co&'le(. .3/ It is %sed to eaken t!e clai& t!at b%rea%cracies s!o%ld be si&'li"ied. .E/ It is a concl%sion "or !ic! t!e clai& t!at b%rea%cracies are %nlikel, to be si&'li"ied is o""ered as s%''ort.

<.

In s'eec!9 !en ords or sentences are a&bi#%o%s9 #est%re and tone o" voice are %sed to indicate t!e intended &eanin#. 6riters9 o" co%rse9 cannot %se #est%re or tone o" voice and &%st rel, instead on st,leD t!e reader detects t!e riters intention "ro& t!e arran#e&ent o" ords and sentences. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ T!e 'ri&ar, "%nction o" st,le in ritin# is to a%#&ent t!e literal &eanin#s o" http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@A

t!e ords and sentences %sed. .1/ T!e intended &eanin# o" a 'iece o" ritin# is indicated in 'art b, t!e riters arran#e&ent o" ords and sentences. .C/ It is easier "or a listener to detect t!e tone o" a s'eaker t!an "or a reader to detect t!e st,le o" t!e riter. .3/ A riters intention ill al a,s be inter'reted di""erentl, b, di""erent readers. .E/ T!e riters arran#e&ent o" ords and sentences co&'letel, deter&ines t!e aest!etic val%e o" !is or !er ritin#. C. Last ,ear a lar#e "ir& set a #oal o" decreasin# its ork"orce b, 5@ 'ercent. T!ree divisions9 totalin# 5@ 'ercent o" its ork"orce at t!at ti&e9 ere to be eli&inated and no ne 'eo'le !ired. T!ese divisions !ave since been eli&inated and no ne 'eo'le !ave +oined t!e "ir&9 b%t its ork"orce !as decreased b, onl, 1@ 'ercent. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 contrib%tes &ost to an e('lanation o" t!e di""erence in t!e 'lanned vers%s t!e act%al red%ction in t!e ork"orce.A/ T!e t!ree divisions t!at ere eli&inated ere ell r%n and !ad t!e 'otential to earn 'ro"its. .1/ 2or&al attrition in t!e retained divisions contin%ed to red%ce sta"" beca%se no ne 'eo'le ere added to t!e "ir&. .C/ So&e o" t!e e&'lo,ees in t!e eli&inated divisions ere eli#ible "or earl, retire&ent and c!ose t!at o'tion. .3/ As t!e divisions ere bein# eli&inated so&e o" t!eir e&'lo,ees ere assi#ned to ot!er divisions. .E/ E&'lo,ees in t!e retained divisions ere "orced to ork "aster to o""set t!e loss o" t!e eli&inated divisions. @. 7ne o" t!e advanta#es o" Ba$illus thuringiensls .1.t./ to(ins over c!e&ical insecticides res%lts "ro& t!eir s'eci"icit, "or 'est insects. T!e to(ins !ave no kno n detri&ental e""ects on &a&&als or birds. In addition9 t!e li&ited ran#e o" activit, o" t!e to(ins to ard insects &eans t!at o"ten a 'artic%lar to(in ill kill 'est s'ecies b%t not a""ect insets t!at 're, %'on t!e s'ecies. T!is advanta#e &akes 1.t. to(ins 're"erable to c!e&ical insecticides "or %se as co&'onents o" insect 'est &ana#e&ent 'ro#ra&s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ C!e&ical insecticides ca%se !ar& to a #reater n%&ber o" insect s'ecies t!an do 1.t. to(ins. .1/ 2o 'artic%lar 1.t. to(in is e""ective a#ainst all insects. .C/ 1.t. to(ins do not !ar& eeds t!at do da&a#e to "ar& cro's. .3/ Insects b%ild %' resistance &ore readil, to 1.t. to(ins t!an to c!e&ical insecticides.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@B

.E/ 1irds and rodents o"ten do #reater da&a#e to "ar& cro's t!an do insects. G. Man, 'eo'le are alar&ed abo%t t!e 'o'%lation e('losion. T!e, "ail to a''reciate t!at t!e 'resent rise in 'o'%lation !as in "act been "ollo ed b, e0%all, 'otent econo&ic #ro t!. 1eca%se o" t!is connection bet een an increase in 'o'%lation and an increase in econo&ic activit,9 'o'%lation control &eas%res s!o%ld not be taken. T!e 0%estionable 'attern o" reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ S%bscribers to ne s&a#a)ines are concerned t!at increased 'osta#e costs ill be 'assed on to t!e& in t!e "or& o" !i#!er s%bscri'tion rates. 1%t t!at is a 'rice t!e, !ave to 'a, "or !avin# t!e &a#a)ines delivered. 2o #ro%' o" %sers o" t!e 'ostal s,ste& s!o%ld be s%bsidi)ed at t!e e('ense o" ot!ers. .1/ Most o" t!e sales'eo'le are concerned it! co&'laints abo%t t!e sales &ana#ers a##ressive be!avior. T!e, need to consider t!at sales are c%rrentl, increasin#. 3%e to t!is s%ccess9 no action s!o%ld be taken to address t!e &ana#ers be!avior. .C/ Farents are concerned abo%t t!eir c!ildren s'endin# too &%c! ti&e atc!in# television. T!ose 'arents s!o%ld consider television ti&e as ti&e t!e, co%ld s'end it! t!eir c!ildren. Let t!e c!ildren atc! television9 b%t atc! it it! t!e&. .3/ 2%tritionists arn 'eo'le not to eat %n!ealt!, "oods. T!ose "oods !ave been in 'eo'les diets "or ,ears. 1e"ore c%ttin# all t!ose "oods o%t o" diets it o%ld be ise to re&e&ber t!at 'eo'le en+o, c%linar, variet,. .E/ So&e cons%&ers beco&e concerned !en t!e 'rice o" a 'rod%ct increases "or several ,ears in a ro 9 t!inkin# t!at t!e 'rice ill contin%e to increase. 1%t t!ese cons%&ers are &istaken since a lon#8ter& trend o" 'rice increases indicates t!at t!e 'rice ill 'robabl, decline in t!e "%t%re. A. Attorne,: I ask ,o% to "ind Mr. S&it! #%ilt, o" assa%ltin# Mr. Jackson. Re#rettabl,9 t!ere ere no e,e itnesses to t!e cri&e9 b%t Mr. S&it! !as a violent c!aracter. Ms. Lo'e) testi"ied earlier t!at Mr. S&it!9 s!o%tin# lo%dl,9 !ad t!reatened !er. S&it! never re"%ted t!is testi&on,. T!e attorne,s ar#%&ent is "allacio%s beca%se it reasons t!at .A/ a##ressive be!avior is not a s%re indicator o" a violent c!aracter .1/ S&it!s testi&on, is %nreliable since !e is lo%d and a##ressive .C/ since S&it! never dis'roved t!e clai& t!at !e t!reatened Lo'e)9 !e did in "act t!reaten !er .3/ Lo'e)s testi&on, is reliable since s!e is neit!er lo%d nor a##ressive .E/ !avin# a violent c!aracter is not necessaril, associated it! t!e co&&ission o" violent cri&es B. It is idel, believed t!at b, a#e BI9 'erce'tion and &e&or, are eac! si#ni"icantl, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

B@H

red%ced "ro& t!eir "%nctionin# levels at a#e <I. :o ever9 a recent st%d, s!o ed no di""erence in t!e abilities o" BI8,ear8olds and <I8,ear8olds to 'la, a card #a&e devised to test 'erce'tion and &e&or,. T!ere"ore9 t!e belie" t!at 'erce'tion and &e&or, are si#ni"icantl, red%ced b, a#e BI is "alse. T!e reasonin# above is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it "ails to consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at .A/ t!e st%d,s card #a&e does not test co#nitive abilities ot!er t!an 'erce'tion and &e&or, .1/ card #a&es are a&on# t!e &ost di""ic%lt co#nitive tasks one can atte&'t to 'er"or& .C/ 'erce'tion and &e&or, are interrelated in a,s o" !ic! e are not c%rrentl, a are .3/ t!e belie" t!at BI8,ear8olds 'erce'tion and &e&or, are red%ced res%lts "ro& 're+%dice a#ainst senior citi)ens .E/ 'la,in# t!e st%d,s card #a&e 'er"ectl, re0%ires "airl, lo levels o" 'erce'tion and &e&or, H. Moralist: :%&ans !ave a nat%ral dis'osition to altr%is&Kt!at is9 to be!avior t!at serves t!e needs o" ot!ers re#ardless o" ones o n needsKb%t t!at ver, dis'osition 'revents so&e acts o" altr%is& "ro& co%ntin# as &oral. Reason 'la,s an essential role in an, &oral be!avior. 7nl, be!avior t!at is intended to be in accordance it! a "or&al set o" r%les9 or &oral code9 can be considered &oral be!avior. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, states t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e &oralists ar#%&ent.A/ All &oral codes 'ro!ibit sel"is!ness. .1/ All &oral be!avior is &otivated b, altr%is&. .C/ 1e!avior &%st serve t!e needs o" ot!ers in order to be &oral be!avior. .3/ 2ot all altr%istic acts are &oral be!avior. .E/ Altr%is& develo's t!ro%#! t!e %se o" reason. 1I. A recent st%d, s%##ests t!at Al)!ei&ers disease9 !ic! attacks t!e !%&an brain9 &a, be ca%sed b, a vir%s. In t!e st%d,9 blood "ro& 11 vol%nteers9 eac! o" !o& !ad t!e disease9 as in+ected into rats. T!e rats event%all, e(!ibited s,&'to&s o" anot!er de#enerative ne%rolo#ical disorder9 Cre%t)"eldt8Jakob disease9 !ic! is ca%sed b, a vir%s. T!is led t!e scientist !o cond%cted t!e st%d, to concl%de t!at Al)!ei&ers disease &i#!t be ca%sed b, a vir%s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 o%ld &ost stren#t!en t!e scientists !,'ot!esis t!at Al)!ei&ers disease is ca%sed b, a vir%s.A/ Al)!ei&ers disease in rats is not ca%sed b, a vir%s. .1/ Cre%t)"eldt8Jakob disease a""ects onl, &otor nerves in rats li&bs9 not t!eir brains. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BGI

.C/ T!e vir%s t!at ca%ses Cre%t)"eldt8Jakob disease in rats !as no e""ect on !%&ans. .3/ T!e s,&'to&s kno n9 res'ectivel,9 as Cre%t)"eldt8Jakob disease and Al)!ei&ers disease are di""erent &ani"estations o" t!e sa&e disease. .E/ 1lood "ro& rats it!o%t Cre%t)"eldt8Jakob disease 'rod%ced no s,&'to&s o" t!e disease !en in+ected into ot!er e('eri&ental rats. 11. 7ne a''roac! to t!e 0%estion o" !ic! ob+ects disc%ssed b, a science are real is to desi#nate as real all and onl, t!ose entities 'osited b, t!e &ost e('lanatoril, 'o er"%l t!eor, o" t!e science. 1%t since &ost scienti"ic t!eories contain entities 'osited solel, on t!eoretical #ro%nds9 t!is a''roac! is "la ed. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost !el's to +%sti", t!e reasonin# above.A/ An, ob+ect t!at is 'osited b, a scienti"ic t!eor, and t!at en!ances t!e e('lanator, 'o er o" t!at t!eor, s!o%ld be desi#nated as real. .1/ 7b+ects 'osited "or t!eoretical reasons onl, s!o%ld never be desi#nated as real. .C/ A scienti"ic t!eor, s!o%ld not 'osit an, entit, t!at does no en!ance t!e e('lanator, 'o er o" t!e t!eor,. .3/ A scienti"ic t!eor, s!o%ld so&eti&es 'osit entities on #ro%nds ot!er t!an t!eoretical ones. .E/ 7nl, ob+ects 'osited b, e('lanatoril, 'o er"%l t!eories s!o%ld be desi#nated as real. 15. Most doctors reco&&end t!at 're#nant o&en eat a n%tritio%s diet to 'ro&ote t!e !ealt! o" t!eir babies. :o ever9 &ost babies !o are born to o&en !o ate n%tritio%s diets !ile 're#nant still develo' at least one &edical 'roble& in t!eir "irst ,ear. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 does &ost to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, in t!e in"or&ation above.A/ 6o&en !o re#%larl, eat a n%tritio%s diet !ile 're#nant tend to eat a n%tritio%s diet !ile breast8"eedin#. .1/ Most o" t!e babies born to o&en !o did not eat n%tritio%s diet !ile 're#nant develo' no serio%s &edical 'roble&s later in c!ild!ood. .C/ 1abies o" o&en !o did not eat n%tritio%s diets !ile 're#nant tend to !ave &ore &edical 'roble&s in t!eir "irst ,ear t!an do ot!er babies. .3/ Medical 'roble&s t!at develo' in t!e "irst ,ear o" li"e tend to be &ore serio%s t!an t!ose t!at develo' later in c!ild!ood. .E/ Man, o" t!e '!,sicians !o initiall, reco&&ended t!at 're#nant o&en cons%&e n%tritio%s diets !ave onl, recentl, rea""ir&ed t!eir reco&&endation.

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BG1

1<. Ma,or: T!e la 'ro!ibitin# 'edestrians "ro& crossin# a#ainst red li#!ts serves no %se"%l '%r'ose. A"ter all9 in order to serve a %se"%l '%r'ose9 a la &%st deter t!e kind o" be!avior it 'ro!ibits. 1%t 'edestrians !o invariabl, violate t!is la are clearl, not diss%aded b, itD and t!ose !o co&'l, it! t!e la do not need it9 since t!e, o%ld never cross a#ainst red li#!t even i" t!ere ere no la 'ro!ibitin# 'edestrians "ro& crossin# a#ainst red li#!ts. T!e &a,ors ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se it .A/ takes "or #ranted t!at &ost a%to&obile drivers ill obe, t!e la t!at 'ro!ibits t!e& "ro& drivin# t!ro%#! red li#!ts .1/ %ses t!e ord >la ? in one sense in t!e 're&ises and in anot!er sense in t!e concl%sion .C/ i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at a la &i#!t not serve a %se"%l '%r'ose even i" it does deter t!e kind o" be!avior it 'ro!ibits .3/ "ails to consider !et!er t!e la ever diss%ades 'eo'le !o so&eti&es b%t not al a,s cross a#ainst red li#!ts .E/ 'rovides no evidence t!at crossin# a#ainst red li#!ts is &ore dan#ero%s t!an crossin# on #reen li#!ts 1C. Marian Anderson9 t!e "a&o%s contralto9 did not take s%ccess "or #ranted. 6e kno t!is beca%se Anderson !ad to str%##le earl, in li"e9 and an,one !o !as to str%##le earl, in li"e is able to kee' a #ood 'ers'ective on t!e orld. T!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ An,one !o s%cceeds takes s%ccess "or #ranted. .1/ An,one !o is able to kee' a #ood 'ers'ective on t!e orld does not take s%ccess "or #ranted. .C/ An,one !o is able to kee' a #ood 'ers'ective on t!e orld !as to str%##le earl, in li"e. .3/ An,one !o does not take s%ccess "or #ranted !as to str%##le earl, in li"e. .E/ An,one !o does not take s%ccess "or #ranted is able to kee' a #ood 'ers'ective on t!e orld. 1@. Geneticist: Et!icists !ave "ears9 &an, o" t!e& reasonable9 abo%t t!e 'ros'ect o" clonin# !%&an bein#s9 t!at is9 'rod%cin# e(act #enetic d%'licates. 1%t t!e !orror8 &ovie i&a#e o" a ealt!, 'erson creatin# an ar&, o" e(act d%'licates is co&'letel, %nrealistic. Clones &%st be raised and ed%cated9 a lon#8ter& 'rocess t!at co%ld never 'rod%ce ad%lts identical to t!e ori#inal in ter&s o" o%tlook9 'ersonalit,9 or #oals. More realistic is t!e 'ossibilit, t!at ealt!, individ%als &i#!t %se clones as livin# >or#an banks.? T!e clai& t!at clonin# ill not 'rod%ce ad%lts it! identical 'ersonalities 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e #eneticists ar#%&ent.A/ It is a reason "or dis&issin# t!e vario%s "ears raised b, et!icists re#ardin# t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BG5

clonin# o" !%&an bein#s. .1/ It is evidence t!at #enetic clones ill never be 'rod%ced s%ccess"%ll,. .C/ It ill%strates t!e clai& t!at onl, ealt!, 'eo'le o%ld be able to !ave #enetic d%'licates &ade o" t!e&selves. .3/ It is evidence "or t!e clai& t!at ealt!, 'eo'le &i#!t %se #enetic d%'licates o" t!e&selves as so%rces o" co&'atible or#ans "or trans'lantation. .E/ It is a reason "or disco%ntin# one 'ossible "ear concernin# t!e clonin# o" !%&an bein#s. 1G. F%blicit, ca&'ai#ns "or endan#ered s'ecies are %nlikel, to !ave &%c! i&'act on t!e &ost i&'ortant environ&ental 'roble&s9 "or !ile t!e ease o" attrib%tin# "eelin#s to lar#e &a&&als "acilitates evokin# s,&'at!, "or t!e&9 it is &ore di""ic%lt to elicit s,&'at!, "or ot!er kinds o" or#anis&s9 s%c! as t!e soil &icroor#anis&s on !ic! lar#e ecos,ste&s and a#ric%lt%re de'end. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ T!e &ost i&'ortant environ&ental 'roble&s involve endan#ered s'ecies ot!er t!an lar#e &a&&als. .1/ Microor#anis&s cannot e('erience 'ain or !ave ot!er "eelin#s. .C/ F%blicit, ca&'ai#ns "or t!e environ&ent are t!e &ost e""ective !en t!e, elicit s,&'at!, "or so&e or#anis&. .3/ Feo'le i#nore environ&ental 'roble&s %nless t!e, believe t!e 'roble&s ill a""ect creat%res it! !ic! t!e, s,&'at!i)e. .E/ An or#anis& can be environ&entall, si#ni"icant onl, i" it a""ects lar#e ecos,ste&s or a#ric%lt%re. 1A. Folitician: All nations t!at 'lace a !i#! ta( on inco&e 'rod%ce t!ereb, a ne#ative incentive "or tec!nolo#ical innovation9 and all nations in !ic! tec!nolo#ical innovation is !a&'ered inevitabl, "all be!ind in t!e international ar&s race. T!ose nations t!at9 t!ro%#! !istorical accident or t!e "oolis!ness o" t!eir 'olitical leaders!i'9 ind %' in a strate#icall, disadvanta#eo%s 'osition are destined to lose t!eir voice in t!e orld a""airs. So i" a nation ants to &aintain its val%e s,ste& and a, o" li"e9 it &%st not allo its !i#!est ta( bracket to e(ceed <I 'ercent o" inco&e. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 eakens t!e 'oliticians ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ T!e to' level o" ta(ation &%st reac! C@ 'ercent be"ore ta(ation be#ins to deter inventors and ind%strialists "ro& introd%cin# ne tec!nolo#ies and ind%stries. .1/ Makin# a #reat deal o" &one, is an insi#ni"icant "actor in drivin# tec!nolo#ical innovation. .C/ $allin# be!ind in t!e international ar&s race does not necessaril, lead to a strate#icall, less advanta#eo%s 'osition. .3/ T!ose nations t!at lose in"l%ence in t!e orld co&&%nit, do not necessaril, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BG<

s%""er "ro& a t!reat to t!eir val%e s,ste& or a, o" li"e. .E/ Allo in# ones co%ntr, to lose its tec!nolo#ical ed#e9 es'eciall, as concerns ea'onr,9 o%ld be "oolis! rat!er t!an &erel, a !istorical accident. 1B. F!iloso'!er: Scientists talk abo%t t!e '%rs%it o" tr%t!9 b%t like &ost 'eo'le9 t!e, are sel"8interested. Accordin#l,9 t!e 'ro"essional activities o" &ost scientists are directed to ard 'ersonal career en!ance&ent9 and onl, incidentall, to ard t!e '%rs%it o" tr%t!. :ence9 t!e activities o" t!e scienti"ic co&&%nit, are lar#el, directed to ard en!ancin# t!e stat%s o" t!at co&&%nit, as a !ole9 and onl, incidentall, to ard t!e '%rs%it o" tr%t!. T!e reasonin# in t!e '!iloso'!ers ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ i&'ro'erl, in"ers t!at eac! and ever, scientist !as a certain c!aracteristic "ro& 're&ise t!at &ost scientists !ave t!at c!aracteristic .1/ i&'ro'erl, dra s an in"erence abo%t t!e scienti"ic co&&%nit, as a !ole "ro& a 're&ise abo%t individ%al scientists .C/ 'res%&es9 it!o%t #ivin# +%sti"ication9 t!at t!e ai& o" 'ersonal career en!ance&ent never advances t!e '%rs%it o" tr%t! .3/ illicitl, takes advanta#e o" an a&bi#%it, in t!e &eanin# o" >sel"8interested? .E/ i&'ro'erl, dra s an in"erence abo%t a ca%se "ro& 're&ises abo%t its e""ects 1H. Several critics !ave clai&ed t!at an, conte&'orar, 'oet !o rites "or&al 'oetr, K'oetr, t!at is r!,&ed and &eteredKis 'er"or&in# a 'oliticall, conservative act. T!is is 'lainl, "alse. Consider Moll, Feacock and Maril,n :acker9 t o conte&'orar, 'oets !ose 'oetr, is al&ost e(cl%sivel, "or&al and ,et !o are t!e&selves 'oliticall, 'ro#ressive "e&inists. T!e concl%sion dra n above "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ 2o one !o is a "e&inist is also 'oliticall, conservative. .1/ 2o 'oet !o rites %nr!,&ed or %n&etered 'oetr, is 'oliticall, conservative. .C/ 2o one !o is 'oliticall, 'ro#ressive is ca'able o" 'er"or&in# a 'oliticall, conservative act. .3/ An,one !o so&eti&es rites 'oetr, t!at is not 'oliticall, conservative never rites 'oetr, t!at is 'oliticall, conservative. .E/ T!e content o" a 'oets ork9 not t!e orks "or&9 is t!e &ost decisive "actor in deter&inin# !at 'olitical conse0%ences9 i" an,9 t!e ork ill !ave. 5I. Arc!aeolo#ist: A skeleton o" a 2ort! A&erican &astodon t!at beca&e e(tinct at t!e 'eak o" t!e Ice A#e as recentl, discovered. It contains a !%&an8&ade 'ro+ectile dissi&ilar to an, "o%nd in t!at 'art o" E%rasia closest to 2ort! A&erica. T!%s9 since E%rasians did not settle in 2ort! A&erica %ntil s!ortl, be"ore t!e 'eak o" t!e Ice A#e9 t!e "irst E%rasian settlers in 2ort! A&erica 'robabl, ca&e "ro& a

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by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BGC

&ore distant 'art o" E%rasia. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e arc!aeolo#ists ar#%&ent.A/ T!e 'ro+ectile "o%nd in t!e &astodon does not rese&ble an, t!at ere %sed in E%rasia be"ore or d%rin# t!e Ice A#e. .1/ T!e 'eo'le !o occ%'ied t!e E%rasian area closest to 2ort! A&erica re&ained no&adic t!ro%#!o%t t!e Ice A#e. .C/ T!e skeleton o" a bear "ro& t!e sa&e 'lace and ti&e as t!e &astodon skeleton contains a si&ilar 'ro+ectile. .3/ 7t!er 2ort! A&erican arti"acts "ro& t!e 'eak o" t!e Ice A#e are si&ilar to ones "ro& t!e sa&e ti&e "o%nd in &ore distant 'arts o" E%rasia. .E/ Cli&atic conditions in 2ort! A&erica +%st be"ore t!e Ice A#e ere &ore cond%cive to !%&an !abitation t!an ere t!ose in t!e 'art o" E%rasia closest to 2ort! A&erica at t!at ti&e. 51. All social s,ste&s are based %'on a division o" econo&ic roles. T!e val%es o" a social s,ste& are e&bodied in t!e 'resti#e accorded 'ersons !o "ill vario%s econo&ic roles. It is t!ere"ore %ns%r'risin# t!at9 "or an, social s,ste&9 t!e introd%ction o" labor8savin# tec!nolo#, t!at &akes certain econo&ic roles obsolete ill tend to %nder&ine t!e val%es in t!at social s,ste&. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# can &ost reasonabl, be concl%ded on t!e basis o" t!e in"or&ation above.A/ Social s,ste&s ill !ave %nc!an#in# val%es i" t!e, are s!ielded "ro& tec!nolo#ical advance&ent. .1/ 2o t,'e o" tec!nolo#, ill "ail to %nder&ine t!e val%es in a social s,ste&. .C/ A social s,ste& !ose val%es are not s%sce'tible to c!an#e o%ld not be one in !ic! tec!nolo#, can eli&inate econo&ic roles. .3/ A tec!nolo#icall, advanced societ, ill 'lace little val%e on t!e 'resti#e associated it! an econo&ic role. .E/ A tec!nolo#ical innovation t!at is i&'le&ented in a social s,ste& "orei#n to t!e one in !ic! it as develo'ed ill tend to %nder&ine t!e "orei#n social s,ste&. 55. M%lti'le sclerosis is an a%toi&&%ne disease: !ite blood cells attack t!e &,elin s!eat! t!at 'rotects nerve "ibers in t!e s'inal cord and brain. Medical science no !as a dr%# t!at can be %sed to s%ccess"%ll, treat &%lti'le sclerosis9 b%t t!e 'at! t!at led &edical researc!ers to t!is dr%# as !ardl, strai#!t"or ard. Initiall,9 so&e scientists believed attacks c!aracteristic o" &%lti'le sclerosis &i#!t be tri##ered b, c!ronic viral in"ections. So in 1HBC t!e, be#an testin# #a&&a inter"eron9 one o" t!e bod,s o n antiviral ea'ons. To t!eir !orror9 all t!e &%lti'le sclerosis 'atients tested beca&e dra&aticall, orse. T!e "alse ste' 'roved to be instr%ctive !o ever. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BG@

6!ic! o" t!e "ollo in# is LEAST co&'atible it! t!e res%lts o" t!e #a&&a inter"eron e('eri&ent.A/ Ga&&a inter"eron sto's !ite blood cells "ro& 'rod%cin# &,elin8destro,in# co&'o%nds. .1/ Ad&inisterin# #a&&a inter"eron to t!ose it!o%t &%lti'le sclerosis ca%ses an increase in t!e n%&ber o" !ite blood cells. .C/ Medical researc!ers !ave discovered t!at t!e #a&&a inter"eron level in t!e cerebros'inal "l%id sk,rocket +%st be"ore and d%rin# &%lti'le sclerosis in"ections. .3/ It !as no been establis!ed t!at &ost &%lti'le sclerosis s%""erers do not !ave c!ronic viral in"ections. .E/ T!e dr%# no %sed to treat &%lti'le sclerosis is kno n to in!ibit t!e activit, o" #a&&a. 5<. T!e !i#!er t!e altit%de9 t!e t!inner t!e air. Since Me(ico Cit,s altit%de is !i#!er t!an t!at o" Fana&a Cit,9 t!e air &%st be t!inner in Me(ico Cit, t!an in Fana&a Cit,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents is &ost si&ilar in its reasonin# to t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ As one #ets older one #ets iser. Since :enrietta is older t!an !er da%#!ter9 :enrietta &%st be iser t!an !er da%#!ter. .1/ T!e &ore e## !ites %sed and t!e lon#er t!e, are beaten9 t!e "l%""ier t!e &erin#%e. Since L,dia %sed &ore e## !ites in !er &erin#%e t!an Jose'! %sed in !is9 L,dias &erin#%e &%st be "l%""ier t!an Jose'!s. .C/ T!e 'eo'le !o r%n t!e "astest &arat!ons t!ese da,s are "aster t!an t!e 'eo'le !o ran t!e "astest &arat!ons ten ,ears a#o. C!arles is a &arat!on r%nner. So C!arles &%st r%n "aster &arat!ons t!ese da,s t!an !e did ten ,ears a#o. .3/ T!e older a tree9 t!e &ore rin#s it !as. T!e tree in Lo%s ,ard is older t!an t!e tree in T!eresas ,ard. T!ere"ore9 t!e tree in Lo%s ,ard &%st !ave &ore rin#s t!an does t!e tree in T!eresas ,ard. .E/ T!e bi##er t!e vocab%lar, a lan#%a#e !as9 t!e !arder it is to learn. En#lis! is !arder to learn t!an Italian. T!ere"ore9 En#lis! &%st !ave a bi##er vocab%lar, t!an Italian. 5C. A recent st%d, o" G9CI< 'eo'le s!o ed t!at t!ose treated it! t!e dr%# 'ravastatin9 one o" t!e e""ects o" !ic! is to red%ce c!olesterol9 !ad abo%t one8 t!ird "e er non"atal !eart attacks and one8t!ird "e er deat!s "ro& coronar, disease t!an did t!ose not takin# t!e dr%#. T!is res%lt is consistent it! ot!er st%dies9 !ic! s!o t!at t!ose !o !ave !eart disease o"ten !ave !i#!er t!an avera#e c!olesterol levels. T!is s!o s t!at lo erin# c!olesterol levels red%ces t!e risk o" !eart disease. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BGG

T!e ar#%&ents reasonin# is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ ne#lects t!e 'ossibilit, t!at 'ravastatin &a, !ave severe side e""ects .1/ "ails to consider t!at 'ravastatin &a, red%ce t!e risk o" !eart disease b%t not as a conse0%ence o" its lo erin# c!olesterol levels .C/ relies on 'ast "indin#9 rat!er t!an dra in# its 'rinci'al concl%sion "ro& t!e data "o%nd in t!e s'eci"ic st%d, cited .3/ dra s a concl%sion re#ardin# t!e e""ects o" lo erin# c!olesterol levels on !eart disease9 !en in "act t!e concl%sion s!o%ld "oc%s on t!e relation bet een 'ravastatin and c!olesterol levels .E/ "ails to consider t!at 'ercenta#e o" t!e #eneral 'o'%lation &i#!t be takin# 'ravastatin Questions !5-!& Qac!ar,: T!e ter& >"resco? re"ers to 'aint t!at !as been a''lied to et 'laster. 7nce dried9 a "resco indelibl, 'reserves t!e 'aint t!at a 'ainter !as a''lied in t!is a,. =n"ort%natel,9 additions kno n to !ave been &ade b, later 'ainters !ave obsc%red t!e ori#inal "resco ork done b, Mic!elan#elo in t!e Sistine C!a'el. T!ere"ore9 in order to restore Mic!elan#elos Sistine C!a'el 'aintin#s to t!e a''earance t!at Mic!elan#elo intended t!e& to !ave9 ever,t!in# e(ce't t!e ori#inal "resco ork &%st be stri''ed a a,. Ste'!en: 1%t it as e(tre&el, co&&on "or 'ainters o" Mic!elan#elos era to add 'ainted details to t!eir o n "resco ork a"ter t!e "rescos !ad dried. 5@. Ste'!ens res'onse to Qac!ar, 'roceeds b, .A/ callin# into 0%estion an ass%&'tion on !ic! Qac!ar,s concl%sion de'ends .1/ c!allen#in# t!e de"inition o" a ke, ter& in Qac!ar, reac!es .C/ dra in# a concl%sion ot!er t!an t!e one t!at Qac!ar, reac!es .3/ den,in# t!e tr%t! o" one o" t!e stated 're&ises o" Qac!ar,s ar#%&ent .E/ de&onstratin# t!at Qac!ar,s concl%sion is not consistent it! t!e 're&ises !e %ses to s%''ort it 5G. Ste'!ens res'onse to Qac!ar,9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''orts !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ It is i&'ossible to distin#%is! t!e later 'ainted additions &ade to Mic!elan#elos Sistine C!a'el 'aintin#s "ro& t!e ori#inal "resco ork. .1/ Stri''in# a a, ever,t!in# e(ce't Mic!elan#elos ori#inal "resco ork "ro& t!e Sistine C!a'el 'aintin#s o%ld be %nlikel, to restore t!e& to t!e a''earance Mic!elan#elo intended t!e& to !ave. .C/ T!e 'ainted details t!at 'ainters o" Mic!elan#elos era added to t!eir o n "resco ork ere not an inte#ral 'art o" t!e co&'leted 'aintin#s overall desi#n.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BGA

.3/ 2one o" t!e 'ainters o" Mic!elan#elos era !o &ade additions to t!e Sistine C!a'el 'aintin#s as i&'ortant artist in !is or !er o n ri#!t. .E/ Mic!elan#elo as rarel, satis"ied it! t!e a''earance o" !is "inis!ed orks.

TEST Oct 2002

SECTI72 I Time 35 minutes 2 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

1.

F!,sician: In itsel"9 e(ercise does not ca%se !eart attacksD rat!er9 a s%dden increase in an e(ercise re#i&en can be a ca%se. 6!en 'eo'le o" an, '!,sical condition s%ddenl, increase t!eir a&o%nt o" e(ercise9 t!e, also increase t!eir risk o" !eart attack. As a res%lt9 t!ere ill be an increased risk o" !eart attack a&on# e&'lo,ees o" t!is co&'an, d%e to t!e ne !ealt! 'ro#ra&. T!e concl%sion dra n b, t!e '!,sician "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "lo in# is ass%&ed.A/ E&'lo,ees ill abr%'tl, increase t!eir a&o%nt o" e(ercise as a res%lt o" t!e ne !ealt! 'ro#ra&. .1/ T!e e(ercised involved in t!e ne !ealt! 'ro#ra& are &ore stren%o%s t!an t!ose in t!e 'revio%s !ealt! 'ro#ra&. .C/ T!e ne !ealt! 'ro#ra& ill "orce e&'lo,ees o" all levels o" !ealt! to e(ercise re#%larl,. .3/ T!e ne !ealt! 'ro#ra& constit%tes a s%dden c!an#e in t!e co&'an,s 'olic,. .E/ All e&'lo,ees9 no &atter !at t!eir '!,sical condition9 ill 'artici'ate in t!e ne !ealt! 'ro#ra&.

5.

Last &ont! 7C$9 Inc.9 anno%nced !at it described as a %ni0%e ne 'rod%ct: an ad+%stable co&'%ter orkstation. T!ree da,s later Er#oTec! %nveiled an al&ost identical 'rod%ct. T!e t o co&'anies clai& t!at t!e si&ilarities are coincidental and occ%rred beca%se t!e desi#ners inde'endentl, reac!ed t!e sa&e sol%tion to t!e sa&e 'roble&. T!e si&ilarities are too "%nda&ental to be &ere coincidence9 !o ever. T!e t o 'rod%cts not onl, look alike9 b%t t!e, also ork alike. 1ot! are oddl, s!a'ed it! identicall, 'laced control 'anels it! t!e sa&e t,'es o" controls. 1ot! allo t!e sa&e t,'es o" ad+%st&ents and t!e sa&e t,'es o" o'tional en!ance&ents. T!e &ain 'oint o" t!e ar#%&ent is t!at .A/ T!e t o 'rod%cts !ave &an, c!aracteristics in co&&on. .1/ Er#oTec! &%st !ave co'ied t!e desi#n o" its ne 'rod%ct "ro& 7C$s desi#n. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BGB

.C/ T!e si&ilarities bet een t!e t o 'rod%cts are not coincidental. .3/ Frod%ct desi#ners so&eti&es reac! t!e sa&e sol%tion to a #iven 'roble& it!o%t cons%ltin# eac! ot!er. .E/ 2e 'rod%cts t!at at "irst a''ear to be %ni0%e are so&eti&es si&'l, variations o" ot!er 'rod%cts. Questions 3-4 An ant!ro'olo#ist !,'ot!esi)ed t!at a certain &edicinal 'o er contained a si#ni"icant a&o%nt o" t!e deadl, to(in T. 6!en t!e test s!e 'er"or&ed "or t!e 'resence o" to(in T as ne#ative9 t!e ant!ro'olo#ist did not re'ort t!e res%lts. A c!e&ist !o nevert!eless learned abo%t t!e test res%lts c!ar#ed t!e ant!ro'olo#ist it! "ra%d. T!e ant!ro'olo#ist9 !o ever9 co%ntered t!at t!ose res%lts ere invalid beca%se t!e 'o er !ad inadvertentl, been test in acidic sol%tion. <. In t!e absence o" t!e ant!ro'olo#ists re'l,9 !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" establis!ed9 o%ld &ost s%''ort t!e c!e&ists c!ar#e.A/ Re'ortin# res%lts "or an e('eri&ent t!at as not cond%cted and re'ortin# a "alse res%lt "or an act%al e('eri&ent are bot! instances o" scienti"ic "ra%d. .1/ Scientists can co&&it "ra%d and ,et re'ort so&e discon"ir&ations o" t!eir !,'ot!esis. .C/ Scientists can ne#lect to re'ort so&e discon"ir&ations o" t!eir !,'ot!eses and ,et be innocent o" "ra%d. .3/ Scientists co&&it "ra%d !enever t!e, re'ort as valid an, test res%lt t!e, kno to be invalid. .E/ Scientists !o ne#lect to re'ort an, e('eri&ent t!at co%ld be inter'reted as discon"ir&in# t!eir !,'ot!esis !ave t!ereb, co&&itted "ra%d. C. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost stren#t!ens t!e ant!ro'olo#ists co%nterar#%&ent.A/ T!e ant!ro'olo#ist !ad evidence "ro& "ield ork t!at t!e &edicinal 'o der as t,'icall, 're'ared %sin# to(in T. .1/ T!e activit, level o" to(in T tends to decline i" t!e 'o der is stored "or a lon# ti&e. .C/ 6!en it is '%t into an acidic sol%tion9 to(in T beco&es %ndetectable. .3/ A "res! batc! o" 'o der "or a re'eat anal,sis as available at t!e ti&e o" t!e test. .E/ T!e t,'e o" anal,sis %sed as insensitive to ver, s&all a&o%nts o" to(in T. @. 2ai&a: T!e 'ro'osed ne co&'%ter s,ste&9 once e "%ll, i&'le&ented it9 o%ld o'erate &ore s&oot!l, and e""icientl, t!an t!e c%rrent s,ste&. So e s!o%ld devote t!e reso%rces necessar, to acco&'lis! t!e conversion as soon as 'ossible. 2akai: 6e s!o%ld kee' t!e c%rrent s,ste& "or as lon# as e can. T!e cost in ti&e

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BGH

and &one, o" convertin# to t!e ne s,ste& o%ld be #reater t!an an, 'redicted bene"its. .A/ T!e 'redicted bene"its o" t!e ne co&'%ter s,ste& ill be reali)ed. .1/ It is essential to !ave t!e best co&'%ter s,ste& available. .C/ Acco&'lis!in# t!e conversion is tec!nicall, i&'ossible. .3/ T!e c%rrent co&'%ter s,ste& does not ork ell eno%#! to do !at it is s%''osed to do. .E/ T!e conversion to a ne co&'%ter s,ste& s!o%ld be dela,ed. G. Ever, ,ear9 ne re'orts a''ear concernin# t!e !ealt! risks 'osed b, certain s%bstances9 s%c! as co""ee and s%#ar. 7ne ,ear an article clai&ed t!at co""ee is dan#ero%s to ones !ealt!. T!e ne(t ,ear9 anot!er article ar#%ed t!at co""ee !as so&e bene"its "or ones !ealt!. $ro& t!ese contradictor, o'inions9 e see t!at e('erts are %seless "or #%idin# ones decisions abo%t ones !ealt!. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, describes a "la in t!e ar#%&ent above.A/ T!e ar#%&ent takes "or #ranted t!at co""ee is dan#ero%s to ones !ealt!. .1/ T!e ar#%&ent 'res%&es9 it!o%t 'rovidin# arrant9 t!at one al a,s ants e('ert #%idance in &akin# decisions abo%t ones !ealt!. .C/ T!e ar#%&ent "ails to consider t!e nat%re o" e('ert o'inion in areas ot!er t!an !ealt!. .3/ T!e ar#%&ent 'res%&es9 it! o%t 'rovidin# +%sti"ication9 t!at beca%se e('ert o'inion is tr%st ort!, in one case9 it &%st t!ere"ore be tr%st ort!, in all cases. .E/ T!e ar#%&ent "ails to consider t!at co""ee &a, be !ar&"%l to ones !ealt! in so&e res'ects and bene"icial in ot!ers. A. 1eca%se 'eo'le are #enerall, better at detectin# &istakes in ot!ers ork t!an in t!eir o n9 a 'r%dent 'rinci'le is t!at one s!o%ld al a,s !ave ones o n ork c!ecked b, so&eone else. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rovides t!e best ill%stration o" t!e 'rinci'le above.A/ T!e best ele&entar, sc!ool &at! teac!ers are not t!ose "or !o& &at! as al a,s eas,. Teac!ers !o !ad to str%##le t!ro%#! &at! t!e&selves are better able to e('lain &at! to st%dents. .1/ 7ne &%st &ake a s'ecial e""ort to clearl, e('lain ones vie s to so&eone elseD 'eo'le nor&all, "ind it easier to %nderstand t!eir o n vie s t!an to %nderstand ot!ers vie s. .C/ J%ries co&'osed o" le#al novices9 rat!er t!an 'anels o" la ,ers9 s!o%ld be t!e "inal arbiters in le#al 'roceedin#s. Feo'le !o are not le#al e('erts are in a better 'osition to detect #ood le#al ar#%&ents b, la ,ers t!an are ot!er la ,ers.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BAI

.3/ Feo'le s!o%ld al a,s !ave t!eir ritin# 'roo"read b, so&eone else. So&eone !o does not kno in advance !at is &eant to be said is in a better 'osition to s'ot t,'o#ra'!ical errors. .E/ T o 'eo'le #oin# o%t "or dinner ill !ave a &ore en+o,able &eal i" t!e, order "or eac! ot!er. 1, allo in# so&eone else to c!oose9 one o'ens onesel" %' to ne and e(citin# dinin# e('erience. B. F%ndit: T!e onl, airline 'rovidin# service "or o%r to n anno%nces t!at beca%se t!e service is %n'ro"itable9 it ill discontin%e t!is service ne(t ,ear. To n o""icials !ave %r#ed t!e co&&%nit, to %se t!e airlines service &ore "re0%entl, so t!at t!e airline ill c!an#e its decision. T!ere is no reason to co&'l, it! t!eir reco&&endation9 !o ever9 "or +%st last eek t!ese sa&e o""icials drove to an o%t8 o"8to n con"erence instead o" "l,in#. T!e F%ndits reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nds t!at it 'res%&es9 it!o%t 'rovidin# +%sti"ication9 t!at .A/ Increasin# t!e n%&ber o" tickets sold it!o%t increasin# ticket 'rices ill be s%""icient to &ake contin%ed air service econo&icall, "easible. .1/ S%s'endin# service and losin# &one, b, contin%in# service are t!e airlines onl, o'tions. .C/ T!e to n o""icials 'aid "or t!eir tri' it! ta('a,ers &one, rat!er t!an t!eir o n &one,. .3/ Gro%nd trans'ortation is %s%all, no less e('ensive t!an air'lane trans'ortation. .E/ I" t!e to n o""icials did not "ollo t!eir o n advice9 t!en t!at advice is not ort! "ollo in#. H. So&e scientists believe t!at G@ &illion ,ears a#o an asteroid str%ck !at is no t!e *%catan Fenins%la9 t!ereb, ca%sin# e(tinction o" t!e dinosa%rs. T!ese scientists !ave establis!ed t!at s%c! a strike co%ld !ave !%rled eno%#! debris into t!e at&os'!ere to block s%nli#!t and cool t!e at&os'!ere. 6it!o%t ade0%ate s%nli#!t9 "ood so%rces "or !erbivoro%s dinosa%rs o%ld !ave disa''eared9 and no dinosa%rs co%ld !ave s%rvived a 'rolon#ed 'eriod o" lo te&'erat%res. T!ese sa&e scientists9 !o ever9 !ave also establis!ed t!at &ost debris la%nc!ed b, t!e asteroid o%ld !ave settled to t!e #ro%nd it!in si( &ont!s9 too soon "or t!e 'lants to disa''ear or t!e dinosa%rs to "ree)e. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost !el's to resolve t!e a''arent discre'anc, bet een t!e scientists belie"s and t!e scientists res%lts9 as described above.A/ Loss o" t!e !erbivoro%s dinosa%rs o%ld !ave de'rived t!e carnivoro%s dinosa%rs o" t!eir "ood so%rce. .1/ 3inosa%rs in!abited &ost land&asses on t!e 'lanet b%t ere not es'eciall, ab%ndant in t!e area o" t!e asteroid strike.

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BA1

.C/ A clo%d o" debris ca'able o" di&inis!in# s%nli#!t b, 5I 'ercent o%ld !ave cooled t!e eart!s s%r"ace b, A to 1I de#rees Celsi%s. .3/ T!e asteroid as at least H.G k& in dia&eter9 lar#e eno%#! "or &an, dinosa%rs to be killed b, t!e strike itsel" and b, s%bse0%ent tidal aves. .E/ 3inosa%rs ere s%sce'tible to "atal res'irator, 'roble&s ca%se b, conta&ination o" t!e air b, asteroid debris. 1I. 1ernand: $or !ic! lan#%a#e9 and t!%s !ic! "re0%enc, distrib%tion o" letters and letter se0%ences9 as t!e standard t,'e riter ke,board desi#nedCora: To ask t!is 0%estion9 ,o% &%st be &akin# a &istaken ass%&'tion: t!at t,'in# s'eed as to be &a(i&i)ed. T!e real dan#er it! earl, t,'e riters as t!at o'erators o%ld !it s%ccessive ke,s too 0%ickl,9 t!ereb, cras!in# t,'ebars into eac! ot!er9 bendin# connectin# ires and so on. So t!e idea as to slo t!e o'erator do n b, &akin# t!e &ost co&&on letter se0%ences a k ard to t,'e. 1ernand: T!is is s%rel, not ri#!tJ T!ese tec!nolo#ical li&itations !ave lon# since vanis!ed9 ,et t!e ke,board is still as it as t!en. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 co%ld be %sed b, Cora to co%nter 1ernards re+ection o" !er e('lanation.A/ T,'e riters and ord8'rocessin# e0%i'&ent are t,'icall, sold to 'eo'le !o !ave learned to %se t!e standard ke,board and !o9 t!ere"ore9 de&and it in e0%i'&ent t!e, b%,. .1/ T,'e riters !ave been s%'erseded in &ost o""ices b, ord8'rocessin# e0%i'&ent9 !ic! !as in!erited t!e standard ke,board "ro& t,'e riters. .C/ T!e standard ke,board allo s skilled o'erators to ac!iever considerable t,'in# s'eeds9 t!o%#!t it &akes ac0%irin# s%c! skills relativel, di""ic%lt. .3/ A 'erson !o !as learned one ke,board la,o%t can readil, learn to %se a second one in 'lace o" t!e "irst9 b%t onl, it! di""ic%lt, learn to %se a second one alon#side t!e "irst. .E/ It is no 'ossible to constr%ct t,'e riter and ord8'rocessin# e0%i'&ent in !ic! a sin#le ke,board can acco&&odate t o or even &ore di""erent ke,board la,o%ts9 eac! accessible to t!e o'erator at ill. 11. So&e teac!ers clai& t!at st%dents o%ld not learn c%rric%lar content it!o%t t!e incentive o" #rades. 1%t st%dents it! intense interest in t!e &aterial o%ld learn it it!o%t t!is incentive9 !ile t!e be!avior o" st%dents lackin# all interests in t!e &aterial is %na""ected b, s%c! an incentive. T!e incentive o" #rades9 t!ere"ore9 serves no essential acade&ic '%r'ose. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ take "or #ranted t!at t!e onl, '%r'ose o" sc!ool is to conve, a "i(ed bod, o" in"or&ation to st%dents .1/ takes "or #ranted t!at st%dents !o are indi""erent to t!e #rades t!e, receive are #en%inel, interested in t!e c%rric%lar &aterial http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BA5

.C/ "ails to consider t!at t!e incentive o" #rades &a, serve so&e %se"%l nonacade&ic '%r'ose .3/ i#nore t!e 'ossibilit, t!at st%dents !o lack interest in t!e c%rric%lar &aterial o%ld be 0%ite interested in it i" allo ed to c!oose t!eir o n c%rric%lar &aterial .E/ "ails to consider t!at so&e st%dents &a, be neit!er "ascinated b, nor co&'letel, indi""erent to t!e s%b+ect bein# ta%#!t 15. Econo&ist: Tec!nolo#, no c!an#es so ra'idl, t!at orkers need 'eriodic retrainin#. S%c! retrainin# can be e""icient onl, i" it allo s individ%al co&'anies to &eet t!eir o n s!ort8ter& needs. :ence9 lar#e #overn&ental +ob retrainin# 'ro#ra&s are no lon#er a viable o'tion in t!e e""ort to retrain orkers e""icientl,. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion re0%ired b, t!e econo&ists ar#%&ent.A/ 6orkers did not need to be retrained !en t!e 'ace o" tec!nolo#ical c!an#e as slo er t!an it is c%rrentl,. .1/ Lar#e +ob retrainin# 'ro#ra&s ill be less e""icient t!an s&aller 'ro#ra&s i" t!e 'ace o" tec!nolo#ical c!an#e slo s. .C/ 2o sin#le t,'e o" retrainin# 'ro#ra& is &ost e""icient at retrainin# tec!nolo#ical orkers. .3/ Lar#e #overn&ental +ob retrainin# 'ro#ra&s do not &eet t!e s!ort8ter& needs o" di""erent individ%al co&'anies. .E/ Tec!nolo#ical orkers are &ore likel, no t!an in t!e 'ast to &ove in order to "ind ork "or !ic! t!e, are alread, trained. 1<. Recent researc! indicates t!at increased cons%&'tion o" "r%its and ve#etables b, &iddle8a#ed 'eo'le red%ces t!eir s%sce'tibilit, to stroke in later ,ears. T!e researc!ers s'ec%late t!at t!is &a, be beca%se "r%its and ve#etables are ric! in "olic acid. Lo levels o" "olic acid are associated it! !i#! levels o" !o&oc,steine9 an a&ino acid t!at contrib%tes to blocked arteries. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ An increased risk o" stroke is correlated it! lo levels o" !o&oc,steine. .1/ A decreased risk o" stroke is correlated it! increased levels o" "olic acid. .C/ An increased 'ro'ensit, "or blocked arteries is correlated it! decreased levels o" !o&oc,steine. .3/ A decreased 'ro'ensit, "or blocked arteries is correlated it! lo levels o" "olic acid. .E/ Stroke is 'revented b, in#estion o" "olic acid in 0%antities s%""icient to 'revent a decline in t!e levels o" !o&oc,steine. 1C. T!irt, ,ears a#o9 t!e 'ercenta#e o" t!e 1ritis! 'eo'le !o vacationed in "orei#n http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BA<

co%ntries as ver, s&all co&'ared it! t!e lar#e 'ercenta#e o" t!e 1ritis! 'o'%lation !o travel abroad "or vacations no . $orei#n travel is9 and al a,s !as been9 e('ensive "ro& 1ritain. T!ere"ore9 1ritis! 'eo'le &%st !ave9 on avera#e9 &ore &one, to s'end on vacations no t!an t!e, did <I ,ears a#o. T!e ar#%&ent re0%ires ass%&in# !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ I" "orei#n travel !ad been less e('ensive <I ,ears a#o9 1ritis! 'eo'le o%ld still not !ave !ad eno%#! &one, to take vacation abroad. .1/ I" travel to 1ritain ere less e('ensive9 &ore 'eo'le o" ot!er co%ntries o%ld travel to 1ritain "or t!eir vacations. .C/ I" t!e 'ercenta#e o" 1ritis! 'eo'le vacationin# abroad as lo er <I ,ears a#o9 t!en t!e 1ritis! 'eo'le o" <I ,ears a#o &%st !ave s'ent &ore &one, on do&estic vacations. .3/ I" &ore o" t!e 1ritis! 'eo'le <I ,ears a#o !ad !ad eno%#! &one, to vacation abroad9 &ore o%ld !ave done so. .E/ I" 1ritis! 'eo'le are no ealt!ier t!an t!e, ere <I ,ears a#o9 t!en t!e, &%st !ave &ore &one, to s'end on vacations no t!an t!e, did <I ,ears a#o. 1@. M,ster, stories o"ten "eat%re a brilliant detective and t!e detectives d%ll co&'anion. Cl%es are 'resented in t!e stor,9 and t!e co&'anion ron#l, in"ers an inacc%rate sol%tion to t!e &,ster, %sin# t!e sa&e cl%es t!at t!e detective %ses to ded%ce t!e correct sol%tion. T!%s9 t!e a%t!ors strate#, o" incl%din# t!e d%ll co&'anion #ives readers a c!ance to solve t!e &,ster, !ile also divertin# t!e& "ro& t!e correct sol%tion. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is &ost stron#l, s%''orted b, t!e in"or&ation above.A/ Most &,ster, stories "eat%re a brilliant detective !o solves t!e &,ster, 'resented in t!e stor,. .1/ M,ster, readers o"ten solve t!e &,ster, in a stor, si&'l, b, s'ottin# t!e &istakes in t!e reasonin# o" t!e detectives d%ll co&'anion in t!at stor,. .C/ So&e &,ster, stories #ive readers eno%#! cl%es to in"er t!e correct sol%tion to t!e &,ster,. .3/ T!e actions o" t!e brilliant detective in a &,ster, stor, rarel, divert readers "ro& t!e actions o" t!e detectives d%ll co&'anion. .E/ T!e detectives d%ll co&'anion in a &,ster, stor, #enerall, %ncovers t!e &isleadin# cl%es t!at divert readers "ro& t!e &,ster,s correct sol%tion. 1G. Folic, anal,st: Increasin# t!e si)e o" a 'olice "orce is onl, a sto'#a' &et!od o" cri&e 'revention. It does not #et at t!e root ca%ses o" cri&e. T!ere"ore9 cit, o""icials s!o%ld not res'ond to risin# cri&e rates b, increasin# t!e si)e o" t!eir cit,s 'olice "orce. T!e "la ed reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ar#%&ents &ost closel, http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BAC

rese&bles t!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e 'olic, anal,sts ar#%&ent.A/ So&e 'eo'le t!ink t!at r%les it! !i#!er standards t!an 'eo'le can live %' to9 s%c! as t!ose en+oinin# total !onest,9 'revent so&e i&&oral be!avior b, #ivin# 'eo'le a #%ide to sel"8i&'rove&ent. 1%t s%c! r%les act%all, orsen be!avior b, &ake 'eo'le c,nical abo%t r%les. T!%s9 societies s!o%ld not instit%te overl, de&andin# r%les. .1/ S a&'s 'la, an i&'ortant role in alla,in# t!e !ars! e""ects o" "loods beca%se t!e, absorb a #reat deal o" ater. Alt!o%#! da&s 'revent &an, "loods9 t!e, orsen t!e e""ects o" t!e #reatest "loods b, dr,in# %' s a&'s. T!%s da&s s!o%ld not be b%ilt. .C/ Alt!o%#! less e""ective in 'reventin# t!e"t t!an sec%rit, #%ards9 b%r#lar alar& s,ste&s are &ore a""ordable to &aintain. 1eca%se t!e #reater loss "ro& t!e"t !en alar&s are %sed is o%t ei#!ed b, t!eir lo er cost9 co&'anies are advised al a,s to %se b%r#lar alar& s,ste&s. .3/ 1eca%se takin# t!is dr%# does not c%re t!e disease "or !ic! it is 'rescribed9 b%t onl, red%ces t!e diseases &ost !ar&"%l e""ects9 doctors s!o%ld not contin%e to 'rescribe t!is dr%#. .E/ 6e ill never "%ll, %nderstand !at ca%ses 'eo'le to en#a#e in cri&inal activit,. T!ere"ore9 e s!o%ld investi#ate ot!er a,s to i&'rove societ,s abilit, to co&bat cri&e. Question 1'-18 In order to deter&ine a%to&obile ins%rance 're&i%&s "or a driver9 ins%rance co&'anies calc%late vario%s risk "actorsD as t!e risk "actors increase9 so does t!e 're&i%&. Certain "actors9 s%c! as t!e drivers a#e and 'ast accident !istor,9 'la, an i&'ortant role in t!ese calc%lations. *et t!ese 're&i%&s s!o%ld also increase drives. A"ter all9 a 'ersons c!ance o" bein# involved in a &is!a' increases in 'ro'ortion to t!e n%&ber o" ti&es t!at 'erson drives. 1A. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost %nder&ines t!e ar#%&ent.A/ Feo'le !o drive in "re0%entl, are &ore likel, to be involved accidents t!at occ%r on s&all roads t!an in !i#! a, accidents. .1/ Feo'le !o drive in"re0%entl, are less likel, to "ollo r%les "or sa"e drivin# t!an are 'eo'le !o drive "re0%entl,. .C/ Feo'le !o drive in"re0%entl, are less likel, to violate local s'eed li&its t!an are 'eo'le !o drive "re0%entl,. .3/ Feo'le !o drive "re0%entl, are &ore likel, to &ake lon#8distance tri's in t!e co%rse o" a ,ear t!an are 'eo'le !o drive in"re0%entl,. .E/ Feo'le !o drive "re0%entl, are &ore likel, to beco&e distracted !ile drivin# t!an are 'eo'le !o drive in"re0%entl,. 1B. T!e clai& t!at ins%rance 're&i%&s s!o%ld increase as t!e "re0%enc, it! !ic! a driver drives increases 'la,s !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in t!e ar#%&enthttp://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BA@

.A/ a 're&ise o" t!e ar#%&ent .1/ t!e concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent .C/ evidence o""ered in s%''ort o" one o" t!e 're&ises .3/ an assertion '!rased to 'recl%de an antici'ated ob+ection .E/ a clari"ication o" a ke, ter& in t!e ar#%&ent 1H. Essa,ist: 7nl, !a''iness is intrinsicall, val%ableD ot!er t!in#s are val%able onl, inso"ar as t!e, contrib%te to !a''iness. So&e '!iloso'!ers ar#%e t!at t!e "act t!at e do not a''rove o" a bad 'ersons bein# !a'', s!o s t!at e val%e !a''iness onl, !en it is deserved. T!is s%''osedl, s!o s t!at e "ind so&et!in# besides !a''iness to be intrinsicall, val%able. 1%t t!e !a''iness 'eo'le deserve is deter&ined b, t!e a&o%nt o" !a''iness t!e, brin# to ot!ers. T!ere"ore9 ;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost lo#icall, co&'letes t!e "inal sentence o" t!e essa,ists ar#%&ent.A/ t!e notion t!at 'eo'le can be deservin# o" !a''iness is %lti&atel, inco!erent .1/ 'eo'le do not act%all, val%e !a''iness as &%c! as t!e, t!ink t!e, do .C/ t!e +%d#&ent t!at a 'erson deserves to be !a'', is itsel" to be %nderstood in ter&s o" !a''iness .3/ t!e onl, a, to be ass%red o" !a''iness is to brin# !a''iness to t!ose !o !ave done so&et!in# to deserve it .E/ a tr%l, bad 'erson cannot act%all, be ver, !a'', 5I. Sociolo#ist: Cli&ate and #eolo#, deter&ine !ere !%&an ind%str, can be establis!ed . 3rastic s!i"ts in cli&ate al a,s res%lt in &i#rations9 and &i#rations brin# abo%t t!e inter&in#lin# o" ideas necessar, "or ra'id advances in civili)ation. T!e sociolo#ists state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Cli&ate is t!e 'ri&ar, ca%se o" &i#ration .1/ All s!i"ts in cli&ate 'rod%ce a net #ain in !%&an 'ro#ress .C/ A 'o'%lation re&ains settles onl, !ere t!e cli&ate is "airl, stable. .3/ Fo'%lations settle in ever, 'lace !ere !%&an ind%str, can be establis!ed .E/ Ever, &i#rations acco&'anies b, ra'id advances in civili)ation 51. So&e ed%cators clai& t!at it is best t!at sc!ool co%rses cover onl, basic s%b+ect &atter9 b%t cover it in de't!. T!ese ed%cators ar#%e t!at i" st%dent ac!ieve a solid #ras' o" t!e basic conce'ts and investi#ator, tec!ni0%es in a s%b+ect9 t!e, ill be able to e('lore t!e breadt! o" t!at s%b+ect on t!eir o n a"ter t!e co%rse is over. 1%t i" t!e, si&'l, learn a lot o" "act%al in"or&ation9 it!o%t tr%l, %nderstandin# its si#ni"icance9 t!e, ill not be ell e0%i''ed "or "%rt!er st%d, on t!eir o n. T!e ed%cators reasonin# 'rovides #ro%nds "or acce'tin# !ic! one o" t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BAG

"ollo in# state&ents.A/ It is easier to %nderstand !o 'lants and ani&als are classi"ied a"ter learnin# !o 'lants and ani&als can be %se"%l .1/ It is &ore di""ic%lt to recall t!e details o" a d%ll and co&'licated lect%re t!an o" a livel, and interestin# one. .C/ It is easier to re&e&ber ne ideas e('lained 'ersonall, b, a teac!er t!an ideas t!at one e('lores inde'endentl,. .3/ It is easier to %nderstand an, Greek tra#ed, a"ter one !as anal,)ed a "e o" t!e& in detail. .E/ It is easier to learn &an, si&'le ideas ell t!an to learn a "e co&'licated ideas ell. 55. 3a&&in# t!e Merv River o%ld 'rovide irri#ation "or t!e dr, land in its %'strea& areasD %n"ort%natel,9 a da& o%ld red%ce a#ric%lt%ral 'rod%ctivit, in t!e "ertile land do nstrea& b, red%cin# t!e availabilit, and 0%alit, o" t!e ater t!ere. T!e 'rod%ctivit, loss in t!e do nstrea& area o%ld be #reater t!an t!e 'rod%ctivit, #ain %'strea& 9 so b%ildin# a da& o%ld ,ield no overall #ain in a#ric%lt%ral 'rod%ctivit, in t!e re#ion as a !ole. T!e reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above &ost closel, 'arallels t!at in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ disease8ca%sin# bacteria in e##s can be destro,ed b, overcookin# t!e e##s9 b%t t!e e##s t!en beco&e &%c! less a''eti)in#D !ealt! is &ore i&'ortant t!an taste9 !o ever9 so it is better to overcook e##s t!an not to do so. .1/ Increasin# t!e 'rice o" transatlantic tele'!one calls ill disco%ra#e &an, 'rivate individ%als "ro& &akin# t!e&. 1%t since &ost transatlantic tele'!one calls are &ade b, b%sinesses9 not b, 'rivate individ%als9 a rate increase ill not red%ce tele'!one co&'an, 'ro"its. .C/ A ne !i#! a, ill allo s%b%rban co&&%ters to reac! t!e cit, &ore 0%ickl,9 b%t not it!o%t ca%sin# increased dela,s it!in t!e cit, t!at ill &ore t!an o""set an, ti&e saved on t!e !i#! a,. T!ere"ore9 t!e !i#! a, ill not ed%ce s%b%rban co&&%ters overall co&&%tin# ti&e. .3/ 3octors can 'rescribe antibiotics "ro &an, &inor illnesses9 b%t antibiotics are e('ensive9 and t!ese illnesses can o"ten be c%red b, rest alone. T!ere"ore9 it is better to rest at !o&e t!an to see a doctor "or t!ese illnesses. .E/ A certain c!e&ical ill kill #arden 'est t!at da&a#e to&atoes9 b%t t!at c!e&ical ill da&a#e certain ot!er 'lants &ore severel, t!an t!e 'ests da&a#e t!e to&atoes9 so t!e onl, #arden t!at ill bene"it "ro& t!e %se o" t!e c!e&ical are t!ose in !ic! onl, to&atoes are #ro n. 5<. Activist: $ood 'rod%cers irradiate "ood in order to 'rolon# its s!el" li"e. $ive ani&al st%dies ere recentl, cond%cted to investi#ate !et!er t!is 'rocess alters "ood in a a, t!at co%ld be dan#ero%s to 'eo'le !o eat it. T!e st%dies concl%ded http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BAA

t!at irradiated "ood is sa"e "or !%&an to eat. :o ever9 beca%se t!ese st%dies ere s%bse0%entl, "o%nd b, a 'anel o" inde'endent scientists to be serio%sl, "la ed in t!eir &et!odolo#,9 it "ollo s t!at irradiated "ood is not sa"e "or !%&an cons%&'tion. T!e reasonin# in t!e activists ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se t!at ar#%&ent .A/ treats a "ail%re to 'rove a clai& as constit%tin# 'roo" o" t!e denial o" t!at clai& .1/ treat &et!odolo#ical "la s in 'ast st%dies as 'roo" t!at it is c%rrentl, not 'ossible to devise &et!odolo#icall, ade0%ate alternatives .C/ "ails to consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at even a st%d, !ose &et!odolo#, !as no serio%s "la s nonet!eless &i#!t 'rovide onl, eak s%''ort "or its concl%sion .3/ "ails to consider t!e 'ossibilit, t!at !at is sa"e "or ani&als &i#!t not al a,s be sa"e "or !%&an bein#s .E/ "ails to establis! t!at t!e inde'endent scientists kno &ore abo%t "ood irradiation t!an do t!e 'eo'le !o 'rod%ced t!e "ive st%dies 5C. 7ne8,ear8olds ordinaril, 're"er t!e taste o" s eet "ood to t!at o" salt, "ood. *et i" one "eeds a one8,ear8old salt, "ood rat!er t!an s eet "ood9 t!en over a 'eriod o" abo%t a ,ear !e or s!e ill develo' a taste "or t!e salt, "lavor and c!oose to eat salt, "ood rat!er t!an s eet "ood. T!%s9 a ,o%n# c!ilds taste 're"erences can be a""ected b, t!e t,'e o" "ood !e or s!e !as been e('osed to. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion re0%ired b, t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T o8,ear8olds do not nat%rall, 're"er salt, "ood to s eet "ood .1/ A c!ilds taste 're"erences %s%all, c!an#es bet een a#e one and a#e t o. .C/ T o8,ear8olds do not nat%rall, dislike salt, "ood so &%c! t!at t!e, o%ld not c!oose it over so&e ot!er "oods. .3/ T!e salt, "ood "ed to in"ants in order to c!an#e t!eir taste 're"erences &%st taste 'leasant .E/ S eet "ood is better "or in"ant develo'&ent t!an is salt, "ood. SECTI72 I4 Time 35 minutes 2! Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages...

Question 1-! Ms. S&it!: I a& %'set t!at &, sons entire class lost t o da,s o" recess beca%se so&e o" t!e c!ildren ere t!ro in# raisins in t!e ca"eteria. :e as not t!ro in# raisins9 and it as clear to ever,one +%st !o t!e c%l'rits ere. Frinci'al: I& sorr, ,o%re %'set9 Ms. S&it!9 b%t ,o%r sons sit%ation is like bein# ca%#!t in a tra""ic +a& ca%sed b, an accident. Feo'le !o arent involved in t!e http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BAB

accident nevert!eless !ave to s%""er b, sittin# t!ere in t!e &iddle o" it. 1. I" t!e 'rinci'al is s'eakin# sincerel,9 t!en it can be in"erred "ro& !at t!e 'rinci'al sa,s t!at t!e 'rinci'al believes t!at .A/ &an, c!ildren ere t!ro in# raisins in t!e ca"eteria .1/ Ms. S&it!s son &i#!t not !ave t!ro n raisins in t!e ca"eteria .C/ A"ter an accident t!e res%ltin# tra""ic +a&s are #enerall, ca%sed b, 'olice activit,. .3/ Ms. S&it!s son kno 5. !o it as t!at t!re raisins in t!e ca"eteria .E/ Losin# t o da,s o" recess ill deter "%t%re disr%'tions. T!e 'rinci'als res'onse to Ms. S&it!s co&'laint is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# #ro%nds.A/ it &akes a #enerali)ation abo%t all t!e c!ildren in t!e class !ic! is not +%sti"ied b, t!e "acts. .1/ It s%##ests t!at t!ro in# raisins in t!e ca"eteria 'rod%ces as &%c! inconvenience as does bein# ca%#!t in a tra""ic +a&. .C/ It does not ackno led#e t!e "act t!at a tra""ic +a& "ollo in# an accident is %navoidable !ile t!e &ass '%nis!&ent as avoidable. .3/ It ass%&es t!at Ms. S&it!s son is #%ilt, !en t!ere is evidence to t!e contrar, !ic! t!e 'rinci'al !as disre#arded. .E/ It atte&'ts to con"%se t!e 'oint at iss%e b, introd%cin# irrelevant "acts abo%t t!e incident. <. Jo%rnalist: 7bvio%sl,9 t!o%#! so&e ani&als are '%rel, carnivoro%s9 none o%ld s%rvive it!o%t 'lants. 1%t e! de'endence is &%t%al. Man, 'lant s'ecies o%ld never !ave co&e to be !ad t!ere been no ani&als to 'ollinate9 "ertili)e9 and broadcast t!eir seeds. Also9 'lants '!otos,nt!etic activit, o%ld de'lete t!e carbon dio(ide in Eart!s at&os'!ere ere it not constantl, bein# re'lenis!ed b, t!e e(!alation o" ani&als9 en#ine "%&es9 and s&oke "ro& "ires9 &an, set b, !%&an bein#s. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e +o%rnalists ar#%&ent.A/ T!e '!otos,nt!etic activit, o" 'lants is necessar, "or ani&al li"e9 b%t ani&al li"e is also necessar, "or t!e occ%rrence o" '!otos,nt!esis in 'lants. .1/ So&e '%rel, carnivoro%s ani&als o%ld not s%rvive it!o%t 'lants. .C/ T!e c!e&ical co&'osition o" Eart! and its at&os'!ere de'ends9 at least to so&e e(tent9 one t!e e(istence and activities o" t!e ani&als t!at 'o'%late Eart!. .3/ :%&an activit, is 'art o" !at 'revents 'lants "ro& de'letin# t!e o(,#en in Eart!s at&os'!ere on !ic! 'lants and ani&als alike de'ends. .E/ J%st as ani&als are de'endent on 'lants "or t!eir s%rvival9 'lants are http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BAH

de'endent on ani&als "or t!eirs. C. T!e #overn&ent8o ned #as co&'an, !as be#%n sellin# stoves and ot!er #as a''liances to create a lar#er &arket "or its #as. Merc!ants !o sell s%c! 'rod%cts co&'lain t!at t!e co&'etition ill !%rt t!eir b%sinesses. T!at &a, ell beD !o ever9 t!e #overn&ent8o ned #as co&'an, is it!in its ri#!ts. A"ter all9 t!e o ner o" a 'rivate #as co&'an, &i#!t ill decide to sell s%c! a''liances and s%rel, t!ere o%ld be not!in# ron# it! t!at. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# 'rinci'les9 i" valid9 &ost !el's +%sti", t!e reasonin# above.A/ Govern&ent8o ned co&'anies !ave t!e ri#!t to do !atever 'rivate b%sinesses !ave t!e ri#!t to do. .1/ A #overn&ent s!o%ld al a,s take serio%sl, t!e co&'laints o" &erc!ants. .C/ Frivate b%sinesses !ave not ri#!t to co&'ete it! #overn&ent &ono'olies. .3/ T!ere is not!in# ron# it! a #overn&ent8o ned co&'an, sellin# 'rod%cts so lon# as o ners o" 'rivate co&'anies do not co&'lain. .E/ T!ere is not!in# ron# it! 'rivate co&'anies co&'etin# a#ainst eac! ot!er. @. To(icolo#ist: A s%rve, o" oil8re"iner, orkers !o ork it! M1TE9 an in#redient c%rrentl, %sed in so&e s&o#8red%cin# #asoline9 "o%nd an alar&in# incidence o" co&'laints abo%t !eadac!es9 "ati#%e9 and s!ortness o" breat!. Since #asoline containin# M1TE ill soon be idel, %sed9 e can e('ect an increased incidence o" !eadac!es9 "ati#%e9 and s!ortness o" breat!. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 stren#t!ens t!e to(icolo#ists ar#%&ent EECEFT: .A/ Most oil8re"iner, orkers !o do not ork it! M1TE do not !ave serio%s !ealt! 'roble&s involvin# !eadac!es9 "ati#%e9 and s!ortness o" breat!. .1/ :eadac!es9 "ati#%e9 and s!ortness o" breat! are a&on# t!e s,&'to&s o" several &edical conditions t!at are 'otentiall, serio%s t!reats to '%blic !ealt!. .C/ Since t!e ti&e !en #asoline containin# M1TE as "irst introd%ced in a "e &etro'olitan areas9 t!ose areas re'orted an increase in t!e n%&ber o" co&'laints abo%t !eadac!es9 "ati#%e9 and s!ortness o" breat!. .3/ Re#ions in !ic! onl, #asoline containin# M1TE is %sed !ave a &%c! #reater incidence o" !eadac!es9 "ati#%e9 and s!ortness o" breat! t!an do si&ilar re#ions in !ic! onl, M1TE8"ree #asoline is %sed. .E/ T!e oil8re"iner, orkers s%rve,ed ere care"%ll, selected to be re'resentative o" t!e broader 'o'%lation in t!eir &edical !istories 'rior to e('os%re to M1TE9 as ell as in ot!er relevant res'ects. G. In an, "ield9 e('erience is re0%ired "or a 'ro"icient 'erson to beco&e an e('ert. T!ro%#! e('erience9 a 'ro"icient 'erson #rad%all, develo's a re'ertor, o" &odel sit%ations t!at allo s an i&&ediate9 int%itive res'onse to eac! ne sit%ation. T!is is t!e !all&ark o" e('ertise9 and or t!is reason co&'%teri)ed >e('ert s,ste&s? http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BBI

cannot be as #ood as !%&an e(erts. Alt!o%#! co&'%ters !ave t!e abilit, to store &illions o" bits o" in"or&ation9 t!e kno led#e o" !%&an e('erts9 !o bene"it "ro& t!e e('erience o" t!o%sands o" sit%ations9 is not stored it!in t!eir brains in t!e "or& o" r%les and "acts. T!e ar#%&ent re0%ires t!e ass%&'tion o" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Co&'%ters can s!o no &ore ori#inalit, in res'ondin# to a sit%ation t!an t!at b%ilt into t!e& b, t!eir desi#ners. .1/ T!e kno led#e o" !%&an e('erts cannot be ade0%atel, rendered into t!e t,'e o" in"or&ation t!at a co&'%ter can store. .C/ :%&an e('erts rel, on in"or&ation t!at can be e('ressed b, r%les and "acts !en t!e, res'ond to ne sit%ations. .3/ $%t%re advances in co&'%ter tec!nolo#, ill not render co&'%ters ca'able o" sortin# t!ro%#! #reater a&o%nts o" in"or&ation. .E/ :%&an e('erts rel, !eavil, on int%ition !ile t!e, are develo'in# a re'ertor, o" &odel sit%ations. A. 6!en drivers are de'rived o" slee' t!ere are de"inite be!avioral c!an#es9 s%c! as slo er res'onses to sti&%li and a red%ced abilit, to concentrate9 b%t 'eo'les sel"8 a areness o" t!ese c!an#es is 'oor. Most drivers t!ink t!e, can tell !en t!e, are abo%t to "all aslee'9 b%t t!e, cannot. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in# ill%strates t!e 'rinci'le t!at t!e 'assa#e ill%strates EECEFT: .A/ Feo'le !o !ave been drinkin# alco!ol are not #ood +%d#es o" !et!er t!e, are too dr%nk to drive. .1/ Ele&entar, sc!ool st%dents !o dislike arit!&etic are not #ood +%d#es o" !et!er &%lti'lication tables s!o%ld be incl%ded in t!e sc!ools c%rric%l%&. .C/ Ind%strial orkers !o !ave +%st been e('osed to no(io%s "%&es are not #ood +%d#es o" !et!er t!e, s!o%ld kee' orkin#. .3/ Feo'le !o !ave +%st donated blood and !ave beco&e "aint are not #ood +%d#es o" !et!er t!e, are read, to alk o%t o" t!e "acilit,. .E/ Feo'le !o are bein# treated "or sc!i)o'!renia are not #ood +%d#es o" !et!er t!e, s!o%ld contin%e t!eir &edical treat&ents. B. Folitician: M, o''onent sa,s o%r )onin# la s too stron#l, 'ro&ote s%b%rban sin#le8"a&il, d ellin#s and s!o%ld be c!an#ed to enco%ra#e ot!er "or&s o" !o%sin# like a'art&ent b%ildin#s. *et !e lives in a !o%se in t!e co%ntr,. :is li"est,le contradicts !is o n ar#%&ent9 !ic! s!o%ld t!ere"ore not be taken serio%sl,. T!e 'oliticians reasonin# is &ost v%lnerable to criticis& on t!e #ro%nd t!at .A/ Its c!aracteri)ation o" t!e o''onents li"est,le reveals t!e 'oliticians o n 're+%dice a#ainst constr%ctin# a'art&ent b%ildin#s. .1/ It ne#lects t!e "act t!at a'art&ent b%ildin#s can be b%ilt in t!e s%b%rbs +%st as http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BB1

easil, as in t!e center o" t!e cit,. .C/ It "ails to &ention t!e 'oliticians o n livin# sit%ation .3/ Its disc%ssion o" t!e o''onents li"est,le is irrelevant to t!e &erits o" t!e o''onents ar#%&ent. .E/ It i#nores t!e 'ossibilit, t!at t!e o''onent &a, !ave 'revio%sl, lived in an a'art&ent b%ildin#. H. Cons%&ers are dee'l, concerned abo%t t!e 0%antit, o" 'lastic 'acka#in# on t!e &arket and !ave s'%rred &an%"act%rers to "ind a,s to rec,cle 'lastic &aterials. 3es'ite t!eir e""orts9 !o ever9 onl, G.@ 'ercent o" 'lastic is not bein# rec,cled9 as co&'ared to << 'ercent o" container #lass. Eac! o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 !el's to e('lain t!e relativel, lo rate o" 'lastic rec,clin# EECEFT: .A/ Man, "actories are set %' to acce't and &ake econo&ical %se o" rec,cled #lass9 !ereas t!ere are "e "actories t!at &ake 'rod%cts o%t o" rec,cled 'lastic. .1/ Man, 'lastic 'rod%cts are inco&'atible and cannot be rec,cled to#et!er9 !ereas &ost containers &ade o" #lass are co&'atible. .C/ T!e &an%"act%re o" ne 'lastic de'letes oil reserves9 !ereas t!e &an%"act%re o" ne #lass %ses rene able reso%rces. .3/ =nlike #lass9 !ic! can be !eated to t!o%sands o" de#rees d%rin# t!e rec,clin# 'rocess to b%rn o"" conta&inants9 rec,cled 'lastic cannot be !eated eno%#! to sterili)e it. .E/ Flastic 'ol,&ers tend to break do n d%rin# t!e rec,clin# 'rocess and eaken t!e res%ltin# 'rod%ct9 !ereas #lass does not break do n. 1I. Tec!nolo#ical 'ro#ress &akes econo&ic #ro t! and ides'read 'ros'erit, 'ossibleD it also &akes a orkers 'artic%lar skills less cr%cial to 'rod%ction. *et orkers satis"action in t!eir ork de'ends on t!eir believin# t!at t!eir ork is di""ic%lt and re0%ires %nco&&on skills. Clearl,9 t!en9 tec!nolo#ical 'ro#ress ;;;;;; 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost lo#icall, co&'letes t!e ar#%&ent.A/ deceases t!e 0%alit, o" &ost 'rod%cts .1/ 'rovides bene"its onl, to t!ose !ose ork is not directl, a""ected b, it .C/ is #enerall, o''osed b, t!e orkers !ose ork ill be directl, a""ected b, it .3/ ca%se orkers to "eel less satis"action in t!eir ork .E/ eli&inates &an, orkers +obs 11. Environ&entalist: T!e co&'le( ecos,ste& o" t!e 2ort! A&erican 'rairie !as lar#el, been destro,ed to 'rod%ce cattle "eed. 1%t t!e 'rairie ecos,ste& once s%''orted <I to AI &illion bison9 !ereas 2ort! A&erican a#ric%lt%re no http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BB5

s%''orts abo%t @I &illion cattle. Since bison ,ield as &%c! &eat as cattle9 and t!e nat%ral 'rairie re0%ired neit!er 'esticides9 &ac!iner,9 nor #overn&ent s%bsidies9 ret%rnin# as &%c! land as 'ossible to an %nc%ltivated state co%ld restore biodiversit, it!o%t a &a+or decease in &eat 'rod%ction. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# &ost acc%ratel, e('resses t!e environ&entalists &ain concl%sion.A/ I" earlier 2ort! A&erican a#ric%lt%ral tec!ni0%es ere reintrod%ced9 &eat 'rod%ction o%ld decrease onl, sli#!tl,. .1/ Frotectin# t!e !abitat o" ild ani&als so t!at e can %tili)e t!ese ani&als as a "ood so%rce is &ore cost e""ective t!an raisin# do&esticated ani&als. .C/ T!e biodiversit, o" t!e 2ort! A&erican 'rairie ecos,ste& s!o%ld not be restored i" doin# so ill !ave intolerable econo&ic conse0%ences. .3/ Freservation o" t!e re&ainin# 2ort! A&erican bison o%ld be a sensible 'olic,. .E/ T!e devastation o" t!e 2ort! A&erican 'rairie ecos,ste& co%ld be lar#el, reversed it!o%t si#ni"icantl, decreasin# &eat 'rod%ction. 15. Ite& re&oved "ro& scorin#. 1<. A recent st%d, reveals t!at television advertisin# does not si#ni"icantl, a""ect c!ildrens 're"erences "or break"ast cereals. T!e st%d, co&'ared t o #ro%'s o" c!ildren. 7ne #ro%' !ad atc!ed no television9 and t!e ot!er #ro%' !ad atc!ed avera#e a&o%nts o" television and its advertisin#. 1ot! #ro%'s stron#l, 're"erred t!e s%#ar, cereals !eavil, advertised on television. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# state&ents9 i" tr%e9 &ost eakens t!e ar#%&ent.A/ T!e 're"erences o" c!ildren !o do not atc! television advertisin# are in"l%enced b, t!e 're"erences o" c!ildren !o atc! t!e advertisin#. .1/ T!e 're"erence "or s eets is not a %niversal trait in !%&an and can be in"l%enced b, environ&ental "actors s%c! as television advertisin#. .C/ Most o" t!e c!ildren in t!e #ro%' t!at !ad atc!ed television ere alread, "a&iliar it! t!e advertise&ents "or t!ese cereals. .3/ 1ot! #ro%'s re+ected cereals lo in s%#ar even !en t!ese cereal ere !eavil, advertised on television. .E/ Cereal 're"erences o" ad%lts !o atc! television are kno n to be si#ni"icantl, di""erent "ro& t!e cereal 're"erences o" ad%lts !o do not atc! television. 1C. Red%cin# s'eed li&its neit!er saves lives nor 'rotects t!e environ&ent. T!is is beca%se t!e &ore slo l, a car is driven9 t!e &ore ti&e it s'ends on t!e road s'e in# e(!a%st into t!e air and r%nnin# t!e risk o" collidin# it! ot!er ve!icles. T!e ar#%&ents reasonin# is "la ed beca%se t!e ar#%&ent .A/ ne#lects t!e "act t!at so&e &otorists co&'letel, i#nore s'eed li&its. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BB<

.1/ I#nore t!e 'ossibilit, o" bene"its "ro& lo erin# s'eed li&its ot!er t!an environ&ental and sa"et, bene"its. .C/ $ails to consider t!at i" s'eed li&its are red%ced9 increased drivin# ti&es ill increase t!e n%&ber o" cars on t!e road at an, #iven ti&e. .3/ Fres%&es9 it!o%t 'rovidin# +%sti"ication9 t!at total e&issions "or a #iven a%to&obile tri' are deter&ined 'ri&aril, b, t!e a&o%nt o" ti&e t!e tri' takes .E/ Fres%&es9 it!o%t 'rovidin# +%sti"ication9 t!at drivers r%n a si#ni"icant risk o" collision onl, i" t!e, s'end a lot o" ti&e on t!e road. 1@. Lo##er!ead t%rtles live and breed in distinct #ro%'s9 o" !ic! so&e are in t!e Faci"ic 7cean and so&e are in t!e Atlantic. 2e evidence s%##ests t!at +%venile 'aci"ic lo##er!eads t!at "eed near t!e 1a+a 'enins%la !atc! in Ja'anese aters 1I9III kilo&eters a a,. 2inet,8"ive 'ercent o" t!e 32A sa&'les taken "ro& t!e 1a+a t%rtles &atc! t!ose taken "ro& t%rtles at t!e Ja'anese nestin# sites. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#9 i" tr%e9 &ost serio%sl, eakens t!e reasonin# above.A/ 2estin# sites o" lo##er!ead t%rtles !ave been "o%nd o"" t!e Faci"ic coast o" 2ort! A&erica several t!o%sand kilo&eters nort! o" t!e 1a+a 'enins%la. .1/ T!e distance bet een nestin# sites and "eedin# sites o" Atlantic lo##er!ead t%rtles is less t!an @9III kilo&eters. .C/ Lo##er!ead !atc!lin#s in Ja'anese aters !ave been declinin# in n%&ber "or t!e last decade !ile t!e n%&ber o" nestin# sites near t!e 1a+a 'enins%la !ad re&ained constant. .3/ 2inet,8"ive 'ercent o" t!e 32A sa&'les taken "ro& t!e 1a+a t%rtles &atc! t!ose taken "ro& Atlantic lo##er!ead t%rtles. .E/ Co&&ercial a0%ari%&s !ave been s%ccess"%ll, breedin# Atlantic lo##er!eads it! Faci"ic lo##er!eads "ro t!e last "ive ,ears. 1G. Feo'le !o do not believe t!at ot!ers distr%st t!e& are con"ident in t!eir o n abilities9 so 'eo'le !o tend to tr%st ot!ers t!ink o" a di""ic%lt task as a c!allen#e rat!er t!an a t!reat9 since t!is is 'recisel, !o 'eo'le !o are con"ident in t!eir on abilities re#ard s%c! tasks. T!e concl%sion above "ollo s lo#icall, i" !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is ass%&ed.A/ Feo'le !o believe t!at ot!ers distr%st t!e& tend to tr%st ot!ers. .1/ Con"idence in ones o n abilities #ives one con"idence in t!e tr%st ort!iness o" ot!ers. .C/ Feo'le !o tend to tr%st ot!ers do not believe t!at ot!ers distr%st t!e&. .3/ Feo'le !o are not t!reatened b, di""ic%lt tasks tend to "ind s%c! tasks c!allen#in#. .E/ Feo'le tend to distr%st t!ose !o t!e, believe lack sel"8con"idence. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BBC

1A. M%llen !as 'ro'osed to raise ta(es on t!e ric!9 !o &ade so &%c! &one, d%rin# t!e 'ast decade. *et M%llens ta( records s!o !eav, invest&ent in b%siness d%rin# t!at ti&e and lar#e 'ro"itsD so M%llens 'ro'osal does not deserve o%r consideration. T!e "la ed reasonin# in t!e ar#%&ent above is &ost si&ilar to t!e "la ed reasonin# in !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ 3o not vote "or S&it!s 'ro'osed le#islation to s%bsidi)e c!ild care "or orkin# 'arentsD S&it! is a orkin# 'arent. .1/ 3o not '%t an, credence in 3r. :ans recent 'ro'osal to ban s&okin# in all '%blic 'lacesD 3r. :an is a !eav, s&oker. .C/ T!e 'revio%s itnesss testi&on, o%#!t to be i#noredD !e !as been convicted o" bot! "or#er, and &ail "ra%d. .3/ 1oard &e&ber Ti&&s 'ro'osal to raise t!e salaries o" t!e co&'an,s &iddle &ana#ers does not deserve to be consideredD Ti&&s da%#!ter is a &iddle &ana#er at t!e co&'an,s !ead0%arters. .E/ 3r. 6aso s anal,sis o" t!e desi#n o" t!is brid#e s!o%ld not be taken serio%sl,D a"ter all9 3r. 6aso !as 'revio%sl, onl, desi#ned "actor, b%ildin#s. Question 18919 Anders: T!e '!,sical str%ct%re o" t!e brain 'la,s an i&'ortant role in t!inkin#. So researc!ers develo'in# >t!inkin# &ac!ines?Kco&'%ters t!at can &ake decisions based on bot! co&&on sense and "act%al kno led#eKs!o%ld closel, &odel t!ose &ac!ines on t!e str%ct%re o" t!e brain. *an#: I&'ortant does not &ean essential. A"ter all9 no "l,in# &ac!ine closel, &odeled on birds !as orkedD orkable aircra"t are str%ct%rall, ver, di""erent "ro& birds. So t!inkin# &ac!ines closel, &odeled on t!e brain are also likel, to "ail. In develo'in# a orkable t!inkin# &ac!ine9 researc!ers o%ld t!ere"ore increase t!eir c!ances o" s%ccess i" t!e, "oc%s on t!e brains "%nction and si&'l, i#nore its '!,sical str%ct%re. 1B. T!e state&ent >t!inkin# &ac!ines closel, &odeled on t!e brain are also likel, to "ail serves !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# roles in ,an#s ar#%&ent.A/ t!e &ain concl%sion o" t!e ar#%&ent .1/ a s%bsidiar, concl%sion %sed in s%''ort o" t!e &ain concl%sion .C/ a 'rinci'le o" researc! invoked in s%''ort o" t!e concl%sion .3/ a 'artic%lar e(a&'le ill%stratin# a #eneral clai& .E/ back#ro%nd in"or&ation 'rovidin# a conte(t "or t!e ar#%&ent 1H. In eval%atin# *an#s ar#%&ent it o%ld be &ost !el'"%l to kno !et!er .A/ st%dies o" t!e '!,sical str%ct%re o" birds 'rovided in"or&ation cr%cial to t!e develo'&ent o" orkable aircra"t

http://www.chasedream.com/

by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BB@

.1/ researc!ers c%rrentl, orkin# on t!inkin# &ac!ines take all t!inkin# to involve bot! co&&on sense and "act%al kno led#e .C/ as &%c! ti&e !as been s'ent tr,in# to develo' a orkable t!inkin# &ac!ine as !ad been s'ent in develo'in# t!e "irst orkable aircra"t .3/ researc!ers !o s'eciali)e in t!e str%ct%re o" t!e brain are a&on# t!ose !o are tr,in# to develo' t!inkin# &ac!ines .E/ so&e "l,in# &ac!ines t!at ere not closel, &odeled on birds "ailed to ork 5I. S!, adolescents o"ten devote t!e&selves totall, to a !obb, to !el' distract t!e& "ro& t!e loneliness bro%#!t on b, t!eir s!,ness. So&eti&es t!e, are able to beco&e "riends it! ot!ers !o s!are t!eir !obb,. 1%t i" t!e, lose interest in t!at !obb,9 t!eir loneliness &a, be e(acerbated. So develo'in# an all8cons%&in# !obb, is not a s%ccess"%l strate#, "or overco&in# adolescent loneliness. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# ass%&'tions does t!e ar#%&ent de'end on.A/ Event%all,9 s!, adolescents are #oin# to ant a ider circle o" "riends t!an is 'rovided b, t!eir !obb,. .1/ 2o s%ccess"%l strate#, "ro overco&in# adolescent loneliness ever intensi"ies t!at loneliness. .C/ S!, adolescents ill lose interest in t!eir !obbies i" t!e, do not &ake "riends t!ro%#! t!eir en#a#e&ent in t!ose !obbies. .3/ So&e ot!er strate#, "or overco&in# adolescent loneliness is #enerall, &ore s%ccess"%l t!an is develo'in# an all8cons%&in# !obb,. .E/ S!, adolescents devote t!e&selves to !obbies &ainl, beca%se t!e, ant to &ake "riends. 51. Folitical scientist: As a 'olitical s,ste&9 de&ocrac, does not 'ro&ote 'olitical "reedo&. T!ere are !istorical e(a&'les o" de&ocracies t!at %lti&atel, res%lted in so&e o" t!e &ost o''ressive societies. Like ise9 t!ere !ave been enli#!tened des'otis&s and oli#arc!ies t!at !ave 'rovided a re&arkable level o" 'olitical "reedo& to t!eir s%b+ects. T!e reasonin# in t!e 'olitical scientists ar#%&ent is "la ed beca%se it .A/ con"%ses t!e conditions necessar, "or 'olitical "reedo& it! t!e conditions s%""icient to brin# it abo%t .1/ "ail to consider t!at a s%bstantial increase in t!e level o" 'olitical "reedo& &i#!t ca%se a societ, to beco&e &ore de&ocratic .C/ a''eals to !istorical e(a&'les t!at are irrelevant to t!e ca%sal clai& bein# &ade .3/ overlooks t!e 'ossibilit, t!at de&ocrac, 'ro&otes 'olitical "reedo& it!o%t bein# necessar, or s%""icient b, itsel" to 'rod%ce it .E/ bases its !istorical case on a 'ersonal 'oint o" vie 55. In !%&ans9 in#ested 'rotein is broken do n into a&ino acids9 all o" !ic! &%st http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BBG

co&'ete to enter t!e brain. S%bse0%ent in#estion o" s%#ars leads to t!e 'rod%ction o" ins%lin9 a !or&one t!at breaks do n t!e s%#ars and also rids t!e bloodstrea& o" resid%al a&ino acids9 e(ce't "or tr,'to'!an9 Tr,'to'!an t!en sli's into t!e brain %ncontested and is trans"or&ed into t!e c!e&ical serotonin9 increasin# !t brains serotonin level. T!%s s%#ars can 'la, a &a+or role in &ood elevation9 !el'in# one to "eel rela(ed and an(iet,8"ree. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# is an ass%&'tion on !ic! t!e ar#%&ent de'ends.A/ Elevation o" &ood and "reedo& "ro& an(iet, re0%ire increasin# t!e level o" serotonin t!e brain. .1/ $ail%re to cons%&e "oods ric! in s%#ars res%lts in an(iet, and a lo erin# o" &ood. .C/ Serotonin can be 'rod%ced nat%rall, onl, i" tr,'to'!an is 'resented in t!e bloodstrea&. .3/ Increasin# t!e level o" serotonin in t!e brain 'ro&otes rela(ation and "reedo& "ro& an(iet,. .E/ T!e cons%&'tion o" 'rotein8ric! "oods res%lts in an(iet, and a lo erin# o" &ood. 5<. I" an act o" civil disobedienceK ill"%ll, breakin# a s'eci"ic la in order to brin# abo%t le#al re"or&Kis done o%t o" sel"8interest alone and not o%t o" a concern "or ot!ers9 I t cannot be +%sti"ied. 1%t one is +%sti"ied in 'er"or&in# an act o" civil disobedience i" ones conscience re0%ires one to do so. 6!ic! one o" t!e "ollo in# +%d#&ents &ost closel, con"or&s to t!e 'rinci'les stated above.A/ Meis!as 'rotest a#ainst !at s!e 'erceived to be a br%tal and re'ressive dictators!i' in anot!er co%ntr, as an act o" +%sti"ied civil disobedience9 beca%se in or#ani)in# an ille#al b%t 'eace"%l de&onstration callin# "or a ret%rn to de&ocratic leaders!i' in t!at co%ntr,9 s!e acted '%rel, o%t o" concern "or t!e 'eo'le o" t!at co%ntr,. .1/ Janices 'rotest a#ainst a la t!at "orbade labor strikes as &otivated solel, b, a desire to !el' local &ine orkers obtain "air a#es. 1%t !er conscience did not re0%ire !er to 'rotest t!is la 9 so Janice didnt 'er"or& an act o" +%sti"ied civil disobedience. .C/ In or#ani)in# an ille#al 'rotest a#ainst t!e 'ractice in !er co%ntr, o" !avin# 'rison in&ates ork ei#!teen !o%rs 'er da,9 Geor#ette 'er"or&ed an act o" +%sti"ied civil disobedience: t!o%#! s!e acted o%t o" concern "or !er "ello in&ates rat!er t!an o%t o" concern "or !ersel". .3/ Marias deliberate violation o" a la re0%irin# 're'%blication #overn&ent a''roval o" all 'rinted &aterials as an act o" +%sti"ied civil disobedience: t!o%#! !er interest as an o ner o" a '%blis!in# co&'an, o%ld be served b, re'eal o" t!e la 9 s!e violated t!e la beca%se !er conscience re0%ired doin# so on be!al" o" all '%blis!ers. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BBA

.E/ In or#ani)in# a 'arade o" &otorc,clists ridin# it!o%t !el&ets t!ro%#! t!e ca'ital cit,9 Lo%ises act as not one o" +%sti"ied civil disobedience: s!e as ill"%ll, c!allen#in# a s'eci"ic la re0%irin# &otorc,clists to ear !el&ets9 b%t !er conscience did not re0%ire !er to or#ani)e t!e 'arade. 5C. Most land8d ellin# vertebrates !ave rotatin# li&bs ter&inatin# in di#its9 a c!aracteristic %se"%l "or land &ove&ent. 1iolo#ists !o ass%&e t!at t!is c!aracteristic evolved onl, a"ter ani&als abandoned a0%atic environ&ents &%st consider t!e Acant!oste#a9 a ne l, discovered ancestor o" all land vertebrates. It 'ossessed rotatin# li&bs ter&inatin# in di#its9 b%t its skeleton as too "eeble "or land &ove&ent. It also breat!ed %sin# onl, internal #ills9 indicatin# t!at it and its 'redecessors ere e(cl%sivel, a0%atic. T!e state&ents above9 i" tr%e9 &ost stron#l, s%''ort !ic! one o" t!e "ollo in#.A/ Man, anato&ical c!aracteristics co&&on to &ost land ani&als re'resent a disadvanta#e "or s%rvival %nder ater. .1/ 2one o" t!e anato&ical c!aracteristics co&&on to &ost a0%atic ani&als re'resent an advanta#e "or s%rvival on land. .C/ Acant!oste#a ori#inated as a land8d ellin# s'eciesD b%t evolved #ills onl, a"ter &ovin# to an %nder ater environ&ent. .3/ All anato&ical c!aracteristics not %se"%l "or land &ove&ent b%t co&&on to &ost land ani&als re'resent an advanta#e "or s%rvival %nder ater. .E/ Certain anato&ical c!aracteristics co&&on to so&e a0%atic ani&als re'resent an advanta#e "or s%rvival on land. 5@. 7ne reason !, E%ro'ean &%sic !as !ad s%c! a stron# in"l%ence t!ro%#!o%t t!e orld9 and !, it is a so'!isticated ac!ieve&ent9 is t!at over ti&e t!e ori#inal "%nction o" t!e &%sicK !et!er rit%al9 dance9 or ors!i'K#rad%all, beca&e an as'ect o" its st,le9 not its de"inin# "orce. 3ance &%sic co%ld stand inde'endent o" dance9 "or e(a&'le9 and sacred &%sic inde'endent o" reli#io%s ors!i'9 beca%se eac! co&'osition !as so &%c! internal co!erence t!at t!e &%sic %lti&atel, de'ends on not!in# b%t itsel". T!e clai&s &ade above are co&'atible it! eac! o" t!e "ollo in# EECEFT: .A/ A"rican &%sic !as !ad a &ore 'o er"%l i&'act on t!e orld t!an E%ro'ean &%sic !as !ad. .1/ E%ro'ean &ilitar, and econo&ic e('ansionis& 'artiall, e('lains t!e #lobal in"l%ence o" E%ro'ean &%sic. .C/ T!e ori#inal "%nctions o" &an, t,'es o" C!inese &%sic are no lon#er t!eir de"inin# "orces. .3/ M%sic t!at is %nintelli#ible !en it is 'resented inde'endentl, o" its ori#inal "%nction tends to be t!e &ost so'!isticated &%sic. .E/ So&e orks o" art lose t!eir a''eal !en t!e, are 'resented to serve a "%nction ot!er t!an t!eir ori#inal one. http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BBB

5G. Ton,: A s!ort stor, is little &ore t!an a novelists sketc! 'ad. 7nl, novels !ave narrative str%ct%res t!at allo riters to de'ict !%&an lives acc%ratel, b, 'ortra,in# c!aracters !ose 'ersonalities #rad%all, develo' t!ro%#! li"e e('erience. Rao%l: Li"e consists not o" a linear 'rocess o" 'ersonalit, develo'&ent9 b%t rat!er o" a series o" co&'letel, dis+ointed vi#nettes9 "ro& &an, o" !ic! t!e discernin# observer &a, catc! #li&'ses o" c!aracter. T!%s9 t!e s!ort stor, de'icts !%&an lives &ore "ait!"%ll, t!an does t!e novel. T!e dialo#%e &ost s%''orts t!e clai& t!at Ton, and Rao%l disa#ree abo%t !et!er .A/ !%&an lives are best %nderstood as series o" co&'letel, dis+ointed vi#nettes .1/ novels and s!ort stories e&'lo, t!e sa&e strate#ies to de'ict !%&an lives .C/ novels %s%all, de'ict #rad%al c!an#es in c!aracters 'ersonalities .3/ onl, s!ort stories are %sed as novelists sketc! 'ads .E/ s!ort stories 'rovide #li&'ses o" "acts o" c!aracter t!at are %s%all, ke't !idden

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BBH

A"S#$%S &MAT
1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. A C E C 3 1 1 A A 3 E 1 A A A 1 1 C 3 C 1 A 1 3 A 1 C 3 3 C C 1 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 3 C 3 1 A 3 A 1 C 3 1 1 3 E C C C 1 C C C 3 1 C 1 E 3 E 1 E E 3 TEST A <. 3 B. A 1<. E 1B. 3 TEST 1 <. E B. 3 1<. E 1B. C TEST C <. E B. E 1<. A 1B. A <. B. 1<. 1B. <. B. 1<. 1B. <. B. 1<. 1B. <. B. 1<. 1B. <. B. 1<. 1B. TEST 3 C E C 1 TEST I E 3 E A TEST II E 3 1 3 TEST III E C 1 C TEST 1 E E A C TEST 5 C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. E A 1 A 1 E E C A 3 C 1 E 3 3 A E E 1 3 E E E E 1 1 E C 3 3 C C @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 1 C C 3 C C A 1 3 C C 1 1 1 E 3 3 A A E C 3 A E A C 3 3 A 3 A A

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BHI

1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G.

A E C A 1 A 3 C A 1 C 3 3 1 3 C 1 C 3 3 C 3 3 E E A A E A E 1 1 C 3 3 E

5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A.

C 3 A A 1 C 1 C C 1 E A E 1 E C 1 1 E E C 3 A 3 A A A 1 1 C 3 1 C A C A

<. B. 1<. 1B. <. B. 1<. 1B. <. B. 1<. 1B.

1 1 1 E TEST < C C 1 3 TEST C 1 3 C C

C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H. C. H. 1C. 1H.

E 1 A A E C 3 A A 3 1 E 3 C A A C C A A C A 1 E 3 E 1 3 3 A C C 3 C 1 1

@. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I.

1 1 3 3 E E A E 1 E C 1 C E A C E 3 3 C A A E 1 C 1 1 E 1 E E A A A 1 3

TEST @ <. E B. 3 1<. C 1B. E TEST G <. 1 B. C 1<. A 1B. E TEST A <. E B. C 1<. 3 1B. 1 <. B. 1<. 1B. <. B. 1<. 1B. <. B. 1<. 1B. TEST B 1 1 E C TEST H 3 3 A A TEST 1I E 3 1 1

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BH1

1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G.

A E C A 3 C C E

5. A. 15. 1A. 5. A. 15. 1A.

3 3 3 C 1 E E E

TEST 11 <. 1 B. 1 1<. E 1B. 1 TEST 15 <. 3 B. C 1<. C 1B. 3 TEST 1< <. C B. E 1<. A TEST 1C <. A B. 1 1<. 3 1B. TEST 1@ <. 3 B. 3 1<. 1 1B. TEST 1G <. 1 B. 3 1<. C 1B. TEST 1A <. C B. 3 1<. E 1B. TEST 1B <. E B. A 1<. A 1B. TEST 1H <. E B. 3 1<. 3 1B.

C. H. 1C. 1H.

C E A E

@. 1I. 1@. 5I.

A C 1 1

C. C H. A 1C. A 1H. C. 1 H. C 1C. E C. 1 H. A 1C. 3 1H. C. A H. A 1C. C 1H. C. E H. 1 1C. A 1H. C. C H. 1 1C. C 1H. C. A H. E 1C. 1 1H. C. E H. 1 1C. 1 1H.

@. E 1I. C 1@. 1 5I. @. A 1I. C 1@. 3 @. A 1I. E 1@. A 5I. @. 1 1I. C 1@. 1 5I. @. 1 1I. 1 1@. C 5I. @. 1 1I. A 1@. E 5I. @. 3 1I. C 1@. C 5I. @. 1 1I. 3 1@. C 5I.

1. 3 G. 3 11. A 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 1. G. 11. 1G. E 1 C 1 3 3 C 3 3 E C 1 1 A 1 3 A E E C C A 3 3

5. E A. 3 15. E 5. C A. E 15. 1 1A. 5. E A. A 15. E 1A. 5. A A. C 15. C 1A. 5. E A. 3 15. 3 1A. 5. A A. 1 15. 3 1A. 5. A A. E 15. 1 1A.

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BH5

1. G. 11. 1G.

E 3 E A

5. 1 A. A 15. 1 1A.

TEST 5I <. E B. A 1<. C 1B.

C. 3 H. 3 1C. 3 1H.

@. A 1I. A 1@. 1 5I.

LSAT
TEST 1
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 3 3 E C 1 E A 1 A 1 3 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. E 3 E A 3 1 A A C A <. B. 1<. 1B. 5<. SECTI72 I C 3 A 1 3 C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. E A 3 3 E C 3 C 3 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 3 E E 1 1 E C A C A

SECTI72 I4 <. 3 B. 3 1<. 1 1B. E 5<. 1 5B.

TEST 2
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 3 1 1 E 3 C 1 1 C E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. E A A 1 A C 3 A A 3 SECTI72 II <. E B. E 1<. C 1B. 1 5<. E SECTI72 I4 <. E B. C 1<. 1 1B. 3 5<. C C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 3 1 C 3 E A 3 E 3 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. C C 1 C

1 3 A 3 A

TEST 3
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. E E C A 1 1 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A 3 E C C E <. B. 1<. 1B. 5<. SECTI72 I E 3 3 3 E C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 3 A C 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. C E 3 1

SECTI72 I4 <. C C.

3 by Gemj

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BH<

G. 11. 1G. 51.

A 1 C E

A. 15. 1A. 55.

3 C 1 3

B. 1<. 1B. 5<.

1 3 1 1

H. 1C. 1H. 5C.

1 E E 3

1I. 1@. 5I. 5@.

3 A 3 E

TEST 4
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. E E 3 1 E C A C 1 C 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. A A 3 3 C 1 E C A E <. B. 1<. 1B. 5<. SECTI72 I 1 1 E 1 1 C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. A A A C C E C 1 E 1 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. 1 C A 1 E 1 A C 1 E

SECTI72 III <. E B. C 1<. 3 1B. A 5<. 3

TEST 5
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. C C 3 C 1 3 A E A 1 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. E A 3 C A C 1 E 3 1 SECTI72 II <. 3 B. 1 1<. A 1B. C 5<. C SECTI72 4I <. C B. E 1<. C 1B. E 5<. A C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 1 3 1 1 A 3 A 3 3 E @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. E E 3 C E C E E C

TEST 6
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. C C 1 E 3 A E A E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. A E E 1 3 1 A C A SECTI72 II <. 3 B. A 1<. E 1B. E 5<. E SECTI72 III <. 3 B. 3 1<. E 1B. A C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. E C 3 E C 1 A 1 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 1 E C C C 3 3 1 C

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BHC

51. E 5G. C

55. A 5A.

5<. 3 5B.

5C. 1 5H.

5@. E <I.

TEST 7
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. C E C 1 1 3 C A E A 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. C C A 1 E E A A 3 3 SECTI72 I <. E B. A 1<. C 1B. C 5<. 3 SECTI72 I4 <. 1 B. E 1<. 3 1B. A 5<. C C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. E 3 E C A E C 3 1 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. 1 1 A 1 3 A 3 E A E

TEST 8
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 3 1 1 3 A 1 3 3 C E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. C 1 3 C 1 1 C C A E SECTI72 II <. A B. E 1<. C 1B. A 5<. E SECTI72 I4 <. E B. C 1<. A 1B. 3 5<. 1 C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 3 E 3 1 A C 1 3 1 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. 3 E A A

C A A A E

TEST 9
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 3 C 1 1 3 C C A C A 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. A C E 1 A 3 E 3 A 3 <. B. 1<. 1B. 5<. SECTI72 I A 1 3 E E C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C 3 1 E 1 A 1 A 3 C @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. C 1 A 1 1 C C A 1 1

SECTI72 I4 <. 3 B. C 1<. E 1B. 3 5<. E

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BH@

TEST 10
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. A C E A 3 C C 3 E E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 3 3 A 1 3 E 3 C 1 E SECTI72 II <. 1 B. 3 1<. 3 1B. E 5<. A SECTI72 I4 <. C B. C 1<. A 1B. C 5<. E C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 1 A C 3 3 C 1 A A 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. 3 1 1 A A E 1 3 C 3

TEST 11
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1 C C E 1 A 3 A 3 E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. E A 1 1 C 1 A 3 E E SECTI72 I <. E B. E 1<. 1 1B. E 5<. 3 SECTI72 I4 <. C B. C 1<. 1 1B. E 5<. 3 C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 3 3 E 3 E 3 3 1 A C @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. 1 E A 3 E 1 A 1 E C

TEST 12
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. E E 1 C 1 E 3 1 1 A E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 3 3 E E A SECTI72 II <. C B. 1 1<. A 1B. 3 5<. A 5B. SECTI72 I4 <. E B. C 1<. A 1B. A 5<. 1 C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 1 3 E A A @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. E 3 3 A E

C C 3 1 1

3 E A A A

C 3 E 3

TEST 13
SECTI72 I http://www.chasedream.com/ by Gemj

GMAT & LSAT CR

BHG

1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51.

3 A 3 1 C E 3 1 A E 3

5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55.

C 1 3 C C

<. B. 1<. 1B. 5<. 5B.

E C 3 A C

C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C.

1 E 3 1 A

@. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@.

3 1 1 3 1

E 3 A C C

SECTI72 I4 <. E B. C 1<. C 1B. E 5<. C

1 3 3 1 A

A A 1 A

TEST 14
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 3 E 3 C C 1 A 1 C C 3 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. C 1 3 A 3 SECTI72 II <. C B. A 1<. A 1B. A 5<. 3 5B. SECTI72 I4 <. 3 B. 3 1<. 1 1B. 1 5<. E C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. A 3 3 C E @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. A A E A A

C E 1 3 A

E C E 3 C

E 3 1 E

TEST 15
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. C 3 3 3 A E A E A 1 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. C 3 A C 3 3 C E E A SECTI72 II <. 1 B. 1 1<. 1 1B. 3 5<. E SECTI72 I4 <. C B. E 1<. C 1B. 3 5<. C C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. E C C E 3 C 3 3 A C @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. 3 1 E 1 E 1 A C E 1

TEST 16
1. A 5. 3 <. SECTI72 II E C. 3 @. A

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BHA

G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G.

1 E E E 1 E C C 3 E

A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A.

1 C 3 E E 1 E A C

B. 1<. 1B. 5<.

A E 1 1

H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H.

E 1 A A A 1 C A C

1I. C 1@. C 5I. A 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 1 1 1 1 3

SECTI72 III <. C B. A 1<. A 1B. A 5<. E 5B.

TEST 17
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. A A 1 C C C 3 1 A 3 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 1 A 3 3 E A 3 A 1 1 SECTI72 III <. E B. 1 1<. C 1B. E 5<. C SECTI72 I4 <. C B. C 1<. 1 1B. E 5<. C C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 3 A E C E C E E A E @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. C C 1 E A 1 C E 3

TEST 18
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1 C 1 E 3 E 1 A A A A C 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. E A 3 1 E SECTI72 II <. C B. 1 1<. 3 1B. 3 5<. C 5B. SECTI72 I4 <. 3 B. A 1<. 1 1B. C 5<. 1 5B. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. 1 3 1 3 A @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 1 3 C E E

1 A 3 A 3

A E 1 1 A

C C 3 C A

TEST 19
1. 1 5. A <. SECTI72 II 3 C. E @. C

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BHB

G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G.

3 3 E A 3 C E C 3 A

A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A.

C 1 1 E 1 A A A 1

B. 1<. 1B. 5<.

E 3 A 3

H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H.

C 3 A E C A E A 1

1I. E 1@. E 5I. E 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 3 A C 3 C

SECTI72 III <. 1 B. 1 1<. 1 1B. 3 5<. 3 5B.

TEST 20
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1 1 C E A E C C C 1 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. C 1 1 C E A 3 1 3 C SECTI72 II <. 1 B. E 1<. 3 1B. A 5<. 1 SECTI72 III <. E B. C 1<. A 1B. 3 5<. C C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 3 E C C A A 1 3 1 E @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. C A A 3 E C 3 E 3 E

TEST 21
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1 C E A A 1 3 1 A A 1 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. 3 A C 1 3 E E 3 A C SECTI72 II <. 1 B. 1 1<. 3 1B. E 5<. A SECTI72 III <. 3 B. C 1<. 1 1B. A 5<. 1 5B. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C C A E E E E C 3 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 3 E A 1 A 3 3 E 1 3

TEST 22
1. G. 1 3 5. A. E C <. B. SECTI72 II C C. 1 H. E A @. 3 1I. A

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GMAT & LSAT CR

BHH

11. E 1G. 1 51. C 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1 E 1 A A

15. C 1A. 1 55. 3 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 3 C 3 1 E

1<. A 1B. 3 5<. C SECTI72 III <. 3 B. A 1<. 3 1B. E 5<. C

1C. C 1H. E 5C. A C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 3 3 E E E

1@. A 5I. 1 5@. 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. E 3 1 A E

TEST 23
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. A 1 1 C A 3 C 1 C C 3 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. C 1 3 C 3 A E C 1 3 SECTI72 II <. 3 B. C 1<. A 1B. E 5<. E SECTI72 I4 <. E B. E 1<. E 1B. C 5<. 3 5B. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. 3 1 C E A 1 1 1 C A @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 3 1 1 1

A A C C 1

TEST 24
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1 3 3 A A 3 C 3 3 3 1 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. A E 3 3 E C E 1 E A <. B. 1<. 1B. 5<. SECTI72 I 1 1 3 C E C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. 1 C C 3 1 A 1 C 3 1 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. E C C C 3 3 C 1 E 3

SECTI72 I4 <. 1 B. A 1<. A 1B. A 5<. 3 5B.

TEST 25
1. C G. E 11. E 5. 1 A. E 15. 1 SECTI72 II <. 3 C. 3 B. A H. C 1<. C 1C. 3 @. A 1I. 1 1@. 3

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GMAT & LSAT CR

HII

1G. E 51. 3 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. A C C E 3 3

1A. 3 55. 3 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. C C 1 3 3

1B. 1 5<. E SECTI72 I4 <. C B. 3 1<. 3 1B. 1 5<. 1 5B.

1H. A 5C. C C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. A A A 1 E

5I. E 5@. 1 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. C E C 1 A

TEST 26
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. C 3 C C E 3 C E 1 C E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 1 A 1 3 3 SECTI72 II <. E B. 3 1<. A 1B. 1 5<. E 5B. SECTI72 III <. A B. E 1<. 3 1B. 1 5<. 3 C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 3 E A 1 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. C C 3 1 1

A 1 E C 1

A 1 1 E C

C 1 C 3

TEST 27
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. A C 3 E E A 3 3 3 C E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. C C A 3 A 1 A 3 1 C SECTI72 II <. A B. A 1<. 1 1B. E 5<. C SECTI72 I4 <. E B. A 1<. 1 1B. 3 5<. 1 5B. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. A E A 1 E 1 1 3 A 3 @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 1 E 3 3 3 A 1 E C E

TEST 28
1. 1 G. 3 11. A 5. 1 A. C 15. 3 SECTI72 II <. A C. C B. A H. 1 1<. A 1C. 3 @. A 1I. C 1@. C

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GMAT & LSAT CR

HI1

1G. C 51. E 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1 E A 3 C

1A. 1 55. C 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 1 E 3 3 3

1B. C 5<. C SECTI72 III <. 3 B. E 1<. E 1B. A 5<. 1

1H. 1 5C. E C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C C A 3 E

5I. C 5@. E @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. C 3 C 1 1

TEST 2001.6
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. A 1 C 1 1 C 1 C E C E 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. E A A A E 3 E C 3 E SECTI72 II <. E B. A 1<. 1 1B. 1 5<. E SECTI72 III <. 1 B. 1 1<. 3 1B. E 5<. 3 5B. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C 3 C 3 1 E A 1 1 E @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 1 3 C 3 C 3 A 3 A A

TEST 2001.10
1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 3 1 E C E 1 1 1 1 A C 1 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. 3 C 1 E 1 <. B. 1<. 1B. 5<. 5B. SECTI72 I A E 3 1 A C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. C E 3 C C @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. E 1 E A 3

A C C E A

SECTI72 I4 <. 1 B. E 1<. 3 1B. 1 5<. 3 5B.

3 3 1 C 1

3 3 E A A

TEST 2002.10
1. A G. E 11. E 5. C A. 3 15. 3 SECTI72 I <. E C. C B. E H. E 1<. 1 1C. 3 @. E 1I. A 1@. C

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GMAT & LSAT CR

HI5

1G. 3 51. 3 1. G. 11. 1G. 51. 5G. 1 1 E C 3 A

1A. 1 55. C 5. A. 15. 1A. 55. 5A. C 1 2RA 1 3

1B. 1 5<. A SECTI72 I4 <. E B. 3 1<. A 1B. 1 5<. 3 5B.

1H. C 5C. A C. H. 1C. 1H. 5C. 5H. A C 3 A E

5I. C 5@. @. 1I. 1@. 5I. 5@. <I. 1 3 3 1 3

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