Acknowledgement

Writing this thesis is one of my initial steps to scientific research. It would not have been easy and pleasant had it been without the help and support of a rather special group of people. Foremost, I would like to give a special heart-felt thanks to my supervisor, professor Dinh Van Trung, who has walked me through the long and arduous journey of writing this thesis. He has imparted to me plenty of advice, support, and wisdom and allowed me the maximum flexibility and fun that usual research may not probably have. I would also like to extend my thanks to other professors and supervisors of the Division of High energy Physics and Cosmology at Hanoi University of Science. They have made sure that I work at the necessary pace when without my supervisors guidance. I shall not forget my classmates who have accompanied me through the fun last year. I might have missed deadlines of several assignments have they not been true friends.

Notation AGB Asymptotic Giant Branch - Spontaneous emission coefficients - Stimulated emission coefficients - Absorption coefficient - Emission coefficient - Spectral intensity of radiation

- Absorption coefficient
- Optical depth Spectral line profile