Mc lc

BI 1: MCH LU CHT C6 MKII.....................................................................................7

1.1.Mc ch th nghim:........................................................................................................7
1.2.Kt qu th nghim:........................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1.Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng ...............................................7
Bng 1.1: Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng.........................................7
1.2.2.Xc nh tr lc cc b..................................................................................................8
Bng 1.2: Xc nh tr lc cc b..........................................................................................8
1.2.3.Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng mng chn, Ventury v ng Pitot............8
Bng 1.3: Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng mng chn, Ventury v ng Pitot....8
1.3.X l kt qu th nghim:.................................................................................................9
1.3.1.Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng trn v thnh ng nhm........9
1.3.2.Xc nh tr lc cc b ca cc loi van v cc b phn ni...................................10
1.3.3.Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng mng chn, ng Ventury v ng Pitot
.......................................................................................................................................... 11
1.4. th.............................................................................................................................. 13
1.4.1.Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng trn v ng nhm.................13
1.4.2.Xc nh tr lc cc b............................................................................................18
1.4.3.Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng mng chn, ng Ventury v ng Pitot
.......................................................................................................................................... 21
1.5.Nhn xt v nh gi kt qu th nghim........................................................................21
1.5.1.Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng trn v ng nhm.................21
1.5.2 Xc nh tr lc cc b:...........................................................................................22
1.5.3. Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng Mng chn, ng Ventury v ng Pitto:
.......................................................................................................................................... 22
1.6.Ph lc............................................................................................................................ 23
2

BAI 2 : BM LY TM FM50...............................................................................................26
2.1.MUC ICH :..................................................................................................................26
2.2.Kt qu th nghim..........................................................................................................26
2.2.1.Thi nghim 1: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm........................................26
Bng 2.1: Kt qu kho st ch tc bm 70%.........................................................26
2.2.2.Thi nghim 2: Xy dng cc ng c tuyn ca bm..........................................27
Bng 2.2: Kt qu kho st ch tc bm 50%, 60%, 80%,90%, 100%...................27
2.2.3.Th nghim 3: nh lut t l....................................................................................28
2.2.4.Thi nghim 4: nh hng ca p sut ht(hin tng xm thc)............................29
2.2.5.Thi nghim 5: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic)........30
Bng 2.5: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic)........................30
2.3. X ly kt qua ................................................................................................................. 31
2.3.1.Th nghim 1: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm........................................31
Bng 2.6: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm........................................................31
th v nhn xt th nghim 1........................................................................................31
2.3.2.Th nghim 2: Xy dng cc ng c tuyn ca bm..........................................33
Bng 2.7: Xy dng cc ng c tuyn ca bm..........................................................33
th v nhn xt th nghim 2........................................................................................36
2.3.3.Th nghim 3: nh lut t l...................................................................................36
Bng 2.8: Kt qu d on lu lng v ct p ton phn tc bm 50%, 1200rpm. 36
th v nhn xt th nghim 3........................................................................................39
2.3.4.Th nghim 4: nh hng ca p sut ht ( hin tng xm thc)..........................39
th v nhn xt th nghim 4........................................................................................41
2.3.5.Th nghim 5: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic)........43
th v nhn xt th nghim 5........................................................................................44
3

2.4.Ph lc ........................................................................................................................... 45
BAI 3: GHEP BM FM51....................................................................................................49
3.1.Muc ich thi nghim.......................................................................................................49
3.2.Kt qua thi nghim..........................................................................................................49
3.2.1.Thi nghim 1: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm........................................49
Bng 3.1: Kho st bm ch 70%.............................................................................49
3.2.2.Thi nghim 2: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic)........49
Bng 3.2: khao sat theo m van ch tc bm khng i v ch tc bm
m van hoan toan......................................................................................................49
3.2.3.Thi nghim 3: Ghp bm ni tip............................................................................50
Bng 3.3: Kho st ghp bm ni tip..............................................................................50
3.2.4.Thi nghim 4: Ghp bm song song........................................................................51
Bng 3.4: Kho st ghp bm song song..........................................................................51
3.3. X ly kt qua.................................................................................................................. 51
3.3.1. Th nghim 1 : Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm......................................51
3.3.2: Th nghim 2: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic).......54
3.3.3.Th nghim 3: Ghp bm ni tip............................................................................56
3.3.4.Th nghim 4: Ghp bm song song........................................................................57
3.4. thi ............................................................................................................................ 58
3.4.1: Th nghim 1 : Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm......................................58
3.4.2.Th nghim 2: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic)........59
3.4.3.Th nghim 3: Ghp bm ni tip............................................................................59
3.4.4.Th nghim 4: Ghp bm song song........................................................................60
3.5. Nhn xet va ban lun......................................................................................................61
3.5.1.Th nghim 1: xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm.........................................62
4

3.5.2.Th nghim 2: phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm ( tm im lm vic )......63

3.5.3.Th nghim 3: ghp bm ni tip ............................................................................63
3.5.4.Th nghim 4: ghp bm song song.........................................................................63
3.6.Ph lc............................................................................................................................ 64
BAI 4 : LOC KHUNG BAN.....................................................................................................67
4.1.MUC ICH ...................................................................................................................67
4.2. Kt qua thi nghim.........................................................................................................67
4.2.1.Th nghim 1 :Lc vi p sut khng i.................................................................67
4.2.2.Th nghim 2 :Lc vi tc khng i..................................................................67
4.3.X ly s liu.................................................................................................................... 68
4.3.1.Th nghim 1 :Lc vi p sut khng i.................................................................68
th................................................................................................................................ 69
4.3.2.Th nghim 2 :Lc vi tc khng i..................................................................69
th................................................................................................................................ 70
4.4: Nhn xt v bn lun.....................................................................................................70
4.4.1.Th nghim 1: :Lc vi p sut khng i................................................................70
4.4.2.Th nghim 2. Lc vi tc khng i..................................................................71
4.5.PH LC....................................................................................................................... 71
BI 5 : QUAT LY TM ..........................................................................................................72
5.1.Muc ich thi nghim.......................................................................................................72
5.2. Kt qua thi nghim.........................................................................................................72
5.2.1.Th nghim 1: Khao sat trn ng ng it tr lc....................................................72
5.2.2.Th nghim 2: Khao sat trn ng ng nhiu tr lc..............................................72
5.3. Kt qua x ly s liu......................................................................................................73
5.3.1.Th nghim 1: Khao sat trn ng ng it tr lc....................................................73
5

5.3.2.Th nghim 2: Khao sat trn ng ng nhiu tr lc..............................................74

5.4. thi ............................................................................................................................ 75
5.4.1. Kho st trn ng ng t tr lc...........................................................................75
5.4.2.Kho st trn ng ng nhiu tr lc.....................................................................76
5.5. Nhn xet va ban lun......................................................................................................77
5.6.Ph lc............................................................................................................................ 78

BI 1: MCH LU CHT C6 MKII

1.1.Mc ch th nghim:
Tm hiu v cc dng tn tht p sut xy ra trong ng dn khi dng cht lng khng nn
c chy qua cc ng, cc loi khp ni, van hay cc thit b o dung trong mng ng.
Xc nh mi quan h gia tn tht p sut theo tn tht ma st v vn tc ca nc chy
bn trong ng trn v so snh vi tn tht p sut c xc nh bng phng trnh tn tht
ma st trong ng.
Xc nh mi quan h gia h s ma st v chun s Reynolds i vi nc chy trong ng
nhm.
ng dng vic o chnh p trong vic o lu lng v vn tc ca nc trong ng dn.
1.2.Kt qu th nghim:
1.2.1.Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng
Bng 1.1: Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng
STT
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4

V tr
kho st

10

Th tch
(lt)

Thi gian
(s)

Lu lng
10-5 (m3/s)

Tn tht p sut (thc t)

(mH2O)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

14.99
11.91
10.29
8.93
8.04
14.73
11.2
9.19
8.17
7.92
12.38
10.59
9.51
9.18
8.31
18.26
14.15
12.53
11.30

6.7
8.4
9.7
11.2
12.4
6.8
8.9
10.9
12.2
12.6
8.1
9.4
10.5
10.9
12.0
5.5
7.1
8.0
8.8

0.354
0.248
0.143
0.133
0.125
0.656
0.446
0.239
0.233
0.225
0.548
0.239
0.231
0.227
0.217
0.654
0.245
0.239
0.231

5
1

1
1

10.43
58.69

9.6
1.7

0.223
2.756

45.10

2.2

2.348

38.12

2.6

1.839

33.84

3.0

1.329

32.51

3.1

1.125

11

1.2.2.Xc nh tr lc cc b
Bng 1.2: Xc nh tr lc cc b
STT
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5

V tr kho
st

Van 12

t thu 3

t m 16

Ni T13

Th
tch
(lt)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

Thi gian
(s)
16.08
13.51
10.67
8.64
7.97
17.84
14.36
11.79
10.31
9.59
22.34
15.48
12.42
10.93
10.07
16.58
12.68
11.09
9.40
8.12

Lu
lng
10-5 (m3/s)
6.2
7.4
9.4
11.6
12.5
5.6
7.0
8.5
9.7
10.4
4.5
6.5
8.1
9.1
9.9
6.0
7.9
9.0
10.6
12.3

ng
knh ng
(mm)
17.6

8.6

17.6

17.6

Tn tht p sut
(thc t)
(mH2O)
0.854
0.648
0.339
0.129
0.119
0.454
0.248
0.142
0.035
0.025
0.556
0.546
0.534
0.427
0.319
0.352
0.216
0.139
1.31
0.123

1.2.3.Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng mng chn, Ventury v ng Pitot.
Bng 1.3: Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng mng chn, Ventury v ng Pitot

Th
tch
(lt)
1

14.21

0.348

0.548

0.448

11.66

0.239

0.539

0.239

9.20

0.129

0.529

0.131

STT

Tn tht p sut (mH2O)

Thi gian
(s)

Mng chn

Ventury

Pitot

19.28

0.556

0.556

0.656

8.05

0.119

0.519

0.119

1.3.X l kt qu th nghim:
1.3.1.Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng trn v thnh ng
nhm
Tnh mu cho bng x l s liu.
ng 7

Vn tc dng chy

nht ca nc : = 0.91.10-6 m2/s (Tra trong gio trnh Cc qu trnh v thit b C

Hc i hc Cng Nghip TP.H Ch Minh- trang 406)

Ch dng chy Re

H s ma st

Tn tht ct p theo l thuyt.

Cc ng khc tnh ton tng t

Vi cc ng knh ng tng ng :
ng 7 : 17.6 mm = 0.0176 m.
ng 8 : 17.6 mm = 0.0176 m.
ng 9 : 11.7 mm = 0.0117 m
ng 10 : 8.6 mm = 0.0086 m
ng 11 : 5.4 mm = 0.0054 m

Bng 1.4. Tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng

STT
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5

ng
kho
st

10

11

Vn tc
dng
chy
(m/s)
0.27554
0.34545
0.39891
0.46060
0.50995
0.27965
0.36601
0.44826
0.50172
0.51817
0.75378
0.87476
0.97712
1.01434
1.11671
0.94732
1.22290
1.37792
1.51571
1.65350
0.74266
0.96109
1.13584
1.31058
1.35427

Re

H s ma
st

Tn tht p
sut (thc t)
(mH2O)

Tn tht p sut
(l thuyt) (mH2O)

5329.07
6681.22
7715.21
8908.29
9862.75
5408.60
7078.91
8669.67
9703.67
10021.83
9691.44
11246.85
12562.97
13041.56
14357.68
8952.68
11557.10
13022.08
14324.29
15626.50
4407.01
5703.19
6740.13
7777.08
8036.31

0.0369
0.0345
0.0331
0.0318
0.0309
0.0367
0.0339
0.0320
0.0310
0.0308
0.0310
0.0298
0.0289
0.0287
0.0279
0.0317
0.0296
0.0287
0.0280
0.0273
0.0391
0.0361
0.0344
0.0330
0.0327

0.354
0.248
0.143
0.133
0.125
0.656
0.446
0.239
0.233
0.225
0.548
0.239
0.231
0.227
0.217
0.654
0.245
0.239
0.231
0.223
2.756
2.348
1.839
1.329
1.125

0.0077
0.0113
0.0145
0.0186
0.0221
0.0079
0.0125
0.0177
0.0215
0.0228
0.0729
0.0944
0.1142
0.1222
0.1440
0.1602
0.2492
0.3068
0.3622
0.4202
0.1934
0.2990
0.3979
0.5082
0.5378

1.3.2.Xc nh tr lc cc b ca cc loi van v cc b phn ni.

Tnh mu cho bng x l.
Lu lng ca dng chy:

Vn tc dng chy trong ng:

p sut ng:

10

H s tr lc cc b

t thu 3 v t m 16 tnh ton tng t vi ng knh t thu 3 l 17.6 mm v

t m 16 ng knh ng l 8.6 mm v ni T13 l 17.6 mm.
Bng 1.5: Xc nh tr lc cc b

Lu
lng
10-5
(m3/s)

Vn tc
dng chy
(m/s)

p sut

Tn tht p sut

ng (mH2O)

(thc t) (mH2O)

6.2
7.4

0.2550
0.3043

0.0033
0.0047

0.854
0.648

257.73
137.28

9.4

0.3866

0.0076

0.339

44.51

11.6

0.4770

0.0116

0.129

11.12

12.5

0.5141

0.0135

0.119

8.84

5.6

0.2303

0.0027

0.454

167.95

7.0

0.2879

0.0042

0.248

58.71

8.5

0.3496

0.0062

0.142

22.80

4
5

9.7
10.4

0.3989
0.4277

0.0081
0.0093

0.035
0.025

4.32
2.68

4.5

0.7751

0.0306

0.556

18.16

6.5

1.1196

0.0639

0.546

8.55

8.1

1.3951

0.0992

0.534

5.38

9.1

1.5674

0.1252

0.427

3.41

9.9

1.7052

0.1482

0.319

2.15

STT

V tr
kho st

1
2
3

Van 12

t thu 3

t m
16

3
4
5

H s tr
lc cc b

1.3.3.Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng mng chn, ng Ventury v ng

Pitot
Tnh mu cho bng x l.
Mng chn:

11

H s K ca mng chn

Lu lng

ng ventury:

Lu lng

ng Pitot:

Bng 1.3. o lu lng dng chy bng mng chn, ng Ventury v Pitot
Lu lng tnh ton theo (m3/s)
STT

Lu lng
(thc t)
Q.10-5 (m3/s)

Mng chn

Ventury

Pitot

5.19

0.00089

0.00053

0.00162

7.04

0.00071

0.00053

0.00134

8.58

0.00059

0.00052

0.00098

10.87

0.00043

0.00052

0.00072

12.42

0.00041

0.00051

0.00069

12

1.4. th
1.4.1.Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng trn v ng nhm

Hnh 1.1: Biu biu din mi quan h gia tn tht p sut vi vn tc (ng 7)

Hnh 1.2: Biu biu din mi quan h gia lgW vi lgH (ng 7)

13

Hnh 1.3: Biu biu din mi quan h gia tn tht p sut vi vn tc (ng 8)

Hnh 1.4: Biu biu din mi quan h gia lgW vi lgH (ng 8)

14

Hnh 1.5: Biu biu din mi quan h gia tn tht p sut vi vn tc (ng 9 )

Hnh 1.6: Biu biu din mi quan h gia lgW vi lgH (ng 9)

15

Hnh 1.7: Biu biu din mi quan h gia tn tht p sut vi vn tc (ng 10)

Hnh 1.8: Biu biu din mi quan h gia lgW vi lgH (ng 10)

16

Hnh 1.9: Biu biu din mi quan h gia tn tht p sut vi vn tc (ng 11)

Hnh 1.10: Biu biu din mi quan h gia lgW vi lgH (ng 11)

17

1.4.2.Xc nh tr lc cc b

Hnh 1.11. Biu mi quan h gia

18

v lu lng trong van 12.

Hnh 1.12. Biu mi quan h gia

19

v lu lng trong van t thu 3

Hnh 1.13. Biu mi quan h gia

20

v lu lng trong van t m 16

1.4.3.Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng mng chn, ng Ventury v ng

Pitot

Hnh 1.14. Biu mi quan h gia lu lng dng chy vi tn tht p sut qua
mng chn, ng ventury v ng pitot.
1.5.Nhn xt v nh gi kt qu th nghim
1.5.1.Xc nh tn tht ma st ca cht lng vi thnh ng trn v ng nhm
Da vo th quan h gia tn tht p sut theo vn tc cho mi ng ta thy khi vn tc
tng th tn tht ma st gim, t l vi bnh phng vn tc. Nhn th ta thy l ng tn
tht ma st c nhng on gn nh l mt ng thng v c mt s gi tr ch chy
qu (2320 Re 10000), nn ng no l ng thng th l khu vc chy tng.
T th logh v logw ta thy mi th ca mi ng ba im cui lun to vi nhau
thnh ng thng v chng khu vc chy ri.
Theo l thuyt th gii hn trn v gii hn di ca Reynolds l 2320 Re 10000, nhng
thc t th gii hn trn ca Re khong trn 8500 l lu cht chuyn qua ch chy ri.
Gi tr tn tht p sut xc nh bng tnh ton nh hn so vi tn tht p sut o c.Ta
bit rng trong mt ng ng ngoi s chu tn tht do ma st, lu cht cn chu nh
hng ca tr lc cc b nn tn tht p sut l thuyt nh hn tn tht p sut thc t .

21

Ta thy ng knh ng ng cng nh th tn tht ma st vi vn tc dng chy cng

tng.
1.5.2 Xc nh tr lc cc b:
Trng hp lu cht chuyn ng qua cc co, t m, t thu, th gy ra tr lc cc b v
tr lc cc b ca cc thit b khc nhau th c h s tr lc khc nhau. Ngoi ra cng mt
van s c cc h s tr lc cc b khc nhau ty thuc vo m ca van, iu kin lm
vic, van c cng c h s tr lc khc so vi lc mi nn trong thc t ta o c thy h
s tr lc khng l mt hng s. Chnh v l gim bt tr lc ny trong thc t ta nn
gim bt vic dng cc van, cc khp co khng cn thit v n s sinh ra cc tr lc cc b
khng cn thit.
Thng qua th gia lu lng v h s tr lc ta thy h s tr lc bin thin lin tc
khng b nh hng bi lu lng cht lng.
1.5.3. Xc nh lu lng dng chy qua ng bng Mng chn, ng Ventury v
ng Pitto:
a. Mng chn v ng Ventury:
Da vo bng s liu ta thy gi tr lu lng tnh ton lun ln hn gi tr thc t.
Mng chn v ventury u l thit b o lu lng da vo nguyn tc khi dng cht lng
qua tit din thu hp t ngt th xut hin chnh lch p sut trc v sau tit din thu
hp.
Ta thy rng mng chn lu lng o c rt khng n nh do cu to ca mng chn
khng thun li do dng chy, nh hng ca ma st v tr lc cc b tng lm dng chy
n b chn t ngt bi mng chn cho nn tn tht p sut thc t o c cao hn so
vi ng Ventury. iu c th hin khi ta so snh lu lng thc t o c vi lu
lng tnh theo l thuyt lch nhiu.
ng Ventury c cu to thun cho dng chy, vi u loe ra v thun u v pha trong,
nhm gim thiu tr lc do ma st ng v tr lc cc b. Cho nn tn tht p sut thc t o
c nh hn so vi mng chn. lch gia lu lng tnh theo l thuyt vi lu lng
thc t o c nh hn so vi mng chn
V vy khi o lu lng bng mng chn v ng Ventury th o bng ng Ventury kt qu
chnh xc hn.
H s tr lc cc b ca mng chn ln hn h s tr lc cc b ca ventury.

22

b. ng pitot:
Gi tr vn tc tnh c ta thy c gi tr thp hn so vi vn tc o c. Do lu lng
tnh ton thp hn so vi lu lng o c.
1.6.Ph lc
nht ca nc : = 0.91.10-6 m2/s (Tra trong gio trnh Cc qu trnh v thit b C
Hc i hc Cng Nghip TP.H Ch Minh- trang 406)
Cc cng thc c s dng:
Xc nh chun s Re

Trong :
: nht ng hc lu cht, m2/s

: vn tc dng lu cht chuyn ng trong ng, m/s

dtd: ng knh tng ng, m
Xc nh h s ma st
Trong trng hp chy xoy khu vc nhn ta c cng thc tnh :

Khi Re 2300:

Khi : 2300 Re 4000 :

Khi : 4000 Re 100000 :

23

Khi: Re 100000

Trong :

n l h s nhm

(e) l chiu cao trung bnh ca g nhm hay chiu su ca rnh

r l bn knh ng dn, m
d l ng knh ng dn, m
Tn tht p sut l thuyt

Trong :
: h s ma st
L: chiu di ng dn, m.
D: ng knh ng dn, m.
w: vn tc lu cht, m/s.
Trong bi thc hnh , o L= 1m, ly g= 9,81m/s 2,
Xc nh h s tr lc cc b theo cng thc:

hcb= .

Trong :
: l h s tr lc cc b

hcb : tr lc cc b ti im ang xt, m

24

w : vn tc chuyn ng dng lu cht, m/s

Xc nh lu lng l thuyt

Q: lu lng dng chy trong ng ventury v dng chn, m 3/s.

Cd: h s iu chnh, Cd = 0.98 cho ng ventury, 0.62 cho mng chn.
Ao; tit din ng ln, m2.
A1: tit din ng nh, m2.
p: chnh lch p sut, m ct cht lng.

Q=A

Q : lu lng dng chy trong ng pitot, m3/s.

A : tit din ng dn, m2
chnh lch p sut thc t o c, m cht lng

25

BAI 2 : BM LY TM FM50
2.1.MUC ICH :
Xac inh ct ap toan phn cua bm, cng sut va hiu sut cho bm ly tm bng vic o at
cac thng s khi thay i lu lng bm.
Khao sat va xy dng cac ng t tuyn cua bm.
S dung inh lut ty l tin oan cac thng s c trng cua bm: tinh toan cac gia tri
mong mun cho mt tc bm th hai theo s liu o c tng ng vi tc bm a
khao sat, sau o so sanh vi kt qua thi nghim.
Khao sat s anh hng cua vic thay i ct ap ng hut i vi bm, ng thi khao sat
hin tng xm thc bng cach thay i ap sut trong ng hut vi vic thay i van hut
thay i lu lng.
Xy dng ng c tuyn cua mang ng xac inh im lam vic cua bm.
2.2.Kt qu th nghim
2.2.1.Thi nghim 1: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm.
Bng 2.1: Kt qu kho st ch tc bm 70%
stt

Lu
lng Q
(l/s)

Tc
bm n
(rpm)

Ap sut hut
Ph (kPa)

Ap sut y
P (kPa)

Nhit T
(oC)

Moment xon
ng c t (N.m)

0.00

1050

2.9

33.3

34.0

0.47

0.41

1050

-0.7

21.0

34.0

0.55

0.43

1050

-0.9

19.2

34.6

0.54

0.44

1050

-1.0

18.3

33.9

0.55

0.46

1050

-1.2

17.0

34.6

0.55

0.48

1050

-1.5

15.8

34.6

0.56

0.50

1050

-2.1

13.1

34.3

0.55

0.52

1050

-2.3

11.6

34.4

0.58

0.53

1050

-2.6

10.8

35.1

0.59

10

0.54

1050

-2.6

9.9

35.2

0.57

26

2.2.2.Thi nghim 2: Xy dng cc ng c tuyn ca bm.

Bng 2.2: Kt qu kho st ch tc bm 50%, 60%, 80%,90%, 100%
stt

Lu
lng
Q (l/s)

Tc
bm n
(rpm)

Ap sut hut
Ph (kPa)

Ap sut y
P (kPa)

Nhit T
(oC)

Moment xon
ng c t (N.m)

Kt qua khao sat ch 50%

1

0.00

750

2.6

16.6

35.4

0.47

0.09

750

2.3

14.6

35.4

0.47

0.16

750

2.1

13.7

34.6

0.47

0.19

750

1.9

12.4

36.4

0.47

0.23

750

1.8

11.6

35.4

0.48

0.25

750

1.4

10.0

35.5

0.48

0.27

750

1.2

9.5

35.3

0.50

0.29

750

0.8

8.6

35.3

0.49

0.32

750

0.8

7.8

35.5

0.51

10

0.35

750

0.2

5.6

35.3

0.51

Kt qua khao sat ch 60%

1

0.00

900

2.7

23.3

35.2

0.44

0.20

900

2.0

20.2

34.1

0.47

0.23

900

1.4

17.9

35.4

0.46

0.28

900

1.1

16.8

35.1

0.49

0.32

900

0.4

14.5

35.4

0.49

0.35

900

0.2

13.0

34.9

0.49

0.37

900

-0.1

12.0

34.8

0.50

0.40

900

-0.4

10.4

35.2

0.51

0.41

900

-0.8

8.9

35.5

0.51

10

0.44

900

-1.1

7.8

35.3

0.53

Kt qua khao sat ch 80%

1

0.00

1200

2.5

41.0

34.9

0.47

0.23

1200

2.0

37.9

35.1

0.51

0.32

1200

0.8

32.9

35.0

0.53

0.40

1200

-0.3

29.0

35.2

0.56

0.46

1200

-1.0

25.0

35.4

0.58

0.52

1200

-2.1

21.0

35.0

0.60

27

0.54

1200

-2.9

17.3

35.5

0.59

0.58

1200

-3.6

14.2

35.1

0.61

0.63

1200

-4.4

11.9

35.4

0.63

10

0.65

1200

-4.8

10.0

35.5

0.63

Kt qua khao sat ch 90%

1

0.00

1350

2.4

52.1

34.9

0.50

0.27

1350

1.4

45.6

34.8

0.56

0.37

1350

0.1

41.3

34.8

0.57

0.53

1350

-2.3

31.2

35.0

0.68

0.61

1350

-3.9

23.7

34.6

0.66

0.68

1350

-4.9

18.2

34.5

0.67

0.72

1350

-5.8

14.9

34.6

0.69

0.73

1350

-6.4

13.3

34.9

0.70

0.74

1350

-6.7

12.5

34.6

0.70

10

0.76

1350

-6.6

12.1

34.9

0.71

Kt qua khao sat ch 100%

1

0.00

1500

2.2

62.3

35.0

0.50

0.25

1500

1.4

58.7

35.9

0.58

0.43

1500

-1.7

50.2

36.1

0.62

0.56

1500

-2.8

37.7

35.0

0.66

0.68

1500

-4.5

31.9

35.0

0.72

0.74

1500

-6.0

24.7

34.5

0.71

0.77

1500

-7.0

18.4

35.0

0.70

0.81

1500

-7.5

15.3

35.1

0.76

0.84

1500

-8.2

10.3

35.1

0.76

10

0.84

1500

-8.2

9.0

35.1

0.74

2.2.3.Th nghim 3: nh lut t l.

(ly kt qu t th nghim 2)

28

2.2.4.Thi nghim 4: nh hng ca p sut ht(hin tng xm thc)

Bng 2.3: nh hng ca p sut ht(hin tng xm thc)

stt

Lu
lng
Q (l/s)

Tc
bm n
(rpm)

Ap sut hut Ap sut y

Ph (kPa)
P (kPa)

Nhit T
(oC)

Moment xon ng
c t (N.m)

Kt qua khao sat ch 20%

1

0.13

300

2.2

35.2

0.52

0.12

300

2.0

35.1

0.52

0.11

300

1.8

35.3

0.51

0.09

300

1.7

35.2

0.52

0.08

300

1.3

35.3

0.52

0.08

300

1.3

35.0

0.52

0.07

300

1.2

35.1

0.52

0.07

300

1.3

35.0

0.52

0.07

300

1.1

35.0

0.52

10

0.03

300

1.0

35.1

0.52

Kt qua khao sat ch 60%

1

0.44

900

-5.0

4.9

36.5

0.51

0.43

900

-6.8

4.1

36.5

0.51

0.36

900

-10.9

3.2

36.1

0.51

0.32

900

-14.6

1.6

36.3

0.49

0.29

900

-14.7

1.7

36.5

0.50

0.27

900

-16.1

1.0

35.9

0.49

0.24

900

-17.5

0.9

36.1

0.50

0.21

900

-18.5

0.7

36.3

0.49

0.17

900

-19.0

0.2

36.3

0.47

10

0.12

900

-19.3

0.2

36.2

0.48

Kt qua khao sat ch 100%

1

0.84

1500

-10.0

15.8

35.4

0.74

0.80

1500

-15.3

13.6

35.3

0.73

0.80

1500

-17.1

13.1

35.3

0.74

0.74

1500

-20.0

12.1

35.6

0.71

0.64

1500

-31.6

9.4

35.5

0.70

29

0.48

1500

-43.9

5.1

35.5

0.62

0.43

1500

-48.4

3.5

35.4

0.62

0.38

1500

-51.6

2.7

35.6

0.59

0.27

1500

-55.4

2.4

35.6

0.58

10

0.20

1500

-57.2

1.5

35.6

0.52

2.2.5.Thi nghim 5: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic).

Bng 2.5: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic).
stt

Lu
lng Q
(l/s)

Tc
bm n
(rpm)

Ap sut
hut Ph
(kPa)

Ap sut
y P
(kPa)

Nhit T
(oC)

Moment xon ng
c t (N.m)

Kt qua khao sat theo m van ch tc bm khng i

1

0.54

1050

-2.6

14.1

36.3

0.58

0.50

1050

-1.8

16.9

36.5

0.57

0.45

1050

-1.3

19.0

36.3

0.60

0.43

1050

-0.6

21.0

36.6

0.56

0.38

1050

0.0

23.6

36.8

0.54

0.36

1050

0.2

24.5

36.8

0.55

0.32

1050

0.5

26.9

36.1

0.55

0.25

1050

1.6

29.3

37.0

0.52

0.19

1050

1.8

31.3

36.4

0.51

Kt qua khao sat theo ch tc bm m van hoan toan

1

0.82

1500

-8.5

19.2

36.1

0.77

0.77

1350

-6.6

16.8

36.5

0.74

0.66

1200

-5.1

13.3

37.3

0.65

0.57

1050

-3.2

10.7

37.0

0.58

0.49

900

-1.6

8.7

37.3

0.55

0.38

750

-0.4

6.4

37.4

0.52

0.30

600

0.8

4.7

36.5

0.51

0.23

450

1.7

3.6

36.8

0.52

0.12

300

2.3

2.6

36.4

0.54

30

2.3. X ly kt qua
2.3.1.Th nghim 1: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm.
Bng 2.6: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm.
STT

Lu lng
(m3/s)

P = P Ph (kPa)

HTP (m)

Ph (W)

Pm (W)

E (%)

0.00

30.4

3.193

0.000

51.7

0.00

0.41

21.7

2.403

9.607

60.5

15.89

0.43

20.1

2.249

9.431

59.4

15.88

0.44

19.3

2.172

9.321

60.5

15.41

0.46

18.2

2.071

9.288

60.5

15.36

0.48

17.3

1.990

9.314

61.6

15.13

0.50

15.2

1.786

8.710

60.5

14.40

0.52

13.9

1.666

8.446

63.8

13.24

0.53

13.4

1.621

8.376

64.9

12.91

10

0.54

12.5

1.535

8.083

62.7

12.90

th v nhn xt th nghim 1
th

31

Hnh 2.1: th biu din mi quan h ca tn tht ct p theo lu lng

Hnh 2.2: th biu din mi quan h gia cng sut v hiu sut
ca bm theo lu lng.
-

Nhn xt:

Cc dng ng biu din trn th c cng dng vi th l thuyt. Khi lu lng tng
ln th ct p ca bm gim xung, cng sut bm tng, nhng hiu sut bm tng n mt
gi th nht nh ri sau hiu sut gim xung.

32

im khc nhau gia th thu c v thi l thuyt: th thc t c cc im thc

nghim khng tht s tuyn tnh, gi tr c sai lch vi th l thuyt.
2.3.2.Th nghim 2: Xy dng cc ng c tuyn ca bm
Bng 2.7: Xy dng cc ng c tuyn ca bm
STT

Lu lng
(m3/s)

P = P Ph (kPa)

HTP (m)

Ph (W)

Pm (W)

E (%)

Kt qua khao sat ch 50%

1

14

1.511

0.000

36.9

0.00

0.09x10-3

12.3

1.341

1.177

36.9

3.19

0.16x10-3

11.6

1.280

1.997

36.9

5.41

0.19x10-3

10.5

1.174

2.175

36.9

5.89

0.23x10-3

9.8

1.112

2.495

37.7

6.62

0.25x10-3

8.6

0.995

2.426

37.7

6.43

0.27x10-3

8.3

0.971

2.556

39.3

6.51

0.29x10-3

7.8

0.926

2.619

38.5

6.81

0.32x10-3

0.855

2.669

40.1

6.66

10

0.35x10-3

5.4

0.704

2.401

40.1

5.99

Kt qua khao sat ch 60%

1

20.6

2.188

0.000

41.5

0.00

0.2

18.2

1.966

3.834

44.3

8.66

0.23

16.5

1.799

4.036

43.4

9.31

0.28

15.7

1.733

4.731

46.2

10.25

0.32

14.1

1.584

4.941

46.2

10.70

0.35

12.8

1.462

4.991

46.2

10.81

0.37

12.1

1.399

5.049

47.1

10.71

0.4

10.8

1.280

4.994

48.1

10.39

0.41

9.7

1.172

4.687

48.1

9.75

10

0.44

8.9

1.106

4.745

50.0

9.50

33

Kt qua khao sat ch 80%

1

38.5

4.023

0.000

59.1

0.00

0.23

35.9

3.789

8.498

64.1

13.26

0.32

32.1

3.429

10.701

66.6

16.07

0.4

29.3

3.177

12.394

70.4

17.61

0.46

26

2.871

12.876

72.9

17.67

0.52

23.1

2.609

13.230

75.4

17.55

0.54

20.2

2.325

12.241

74.1

16.51

0.58

17.8

2.106

11.910

76.7

15.54

0.63

16.3

1.989

12.219

79.2

15.43

10

0.65

14.8

1.851

11.731

79.2

14.82

34

Kt qua khao sat ch 90%

1

49.7

5.172

0.000

70.7

0.00

0.27

44.2

4.652

12.249

79.2

15.47

0.37

41.2

4.384

15.816

80.6

19.63

0.53

33.5

3.682

19.029

96.1

19.79

0.61

27.6

3.133

18.634

93.3

19.97

0.68

23.1

2.726

18.078

94.7

19.09

0.72

20.7

2.514

17.653

97.5

18.10

0.73

19.7

2.421

17.231

99.0

17.41

0.74

19.2

2.378

17.162

99.0

17.34

10

0.76

18.7

2.345

17.382

100.4

17.32

Kt qua khao sat ch 100%

1

60.1

6.238

0.000

78.5

0.00

0.25

57.3

5.989

14.601

91.1

16.03

0.43

51.9

5.510

23.105

97.4

23.72

0.56

40.5

4.420

24.135

103.7

23.28

0.68

36.4

4.090

27.122

113.1

23.98

0.74

30.7

3.558

25.672

111.5

23.02

0.77

25.4

3.042

22.840

110.0

20.77

0.81

22.8

2.814

22.225

119.4

18.62

0.84

18.5

2.403

19.684

119.4

16.49

10

0.84

17.2

2.270

18.592

116.2

15.99

35

 th v nhn xt th nghim 2.
th

Hnh 2.3: th biu din mi quan h H Q, N Q, E Q.

Nhn xt
Cc ng hiu sut l nhng ng cong c xu hng khp kn v cng sut bm c
dng ng cong , khi lu lng tng cc i lng nh hiu sut v cng sut tng, ct p
ton phn gim. Cn ng biu din cng sut v hiu sut tng.
So vi l thuyt th thc t c s sai khc nhau do trong qu trnh thc hnh th nghim c
sai s.
2.3.3.Th nghim 3: nh lut t l
Bng 2.8: Kt qu d on lu lng v ct p ton phn tc bm 50%, 1200rpm
Kt qu d on tc bm 50%

STT

Lu lng
(l/s)

Ct p ton
phn H(m)

Kt qu d on tc bm 1200rpm

STT

36

Lu lng
(l/s)

Ct p ton phn
H(m)

0.00

1.63

0.00

4.17

0.29

1.23

0.54

3.14

0.31

1.15

0.56

2.94

0.31

1.11

0.57

2.84

0.33

1.06

0.60

2.70

0.34

1.02

0.63

2.60

0.36

0.91

0.65

2.33

0.37

0.85

0.68

2.18

0.38

0.83

0.69

2.12

10

0.39

0.78

10

0.71

2.00

Bng 2.9: So snh kt qu d on v kt qu thc t gia lu lng v ct p ton phn

tc bm 50%
Kt qu d on tc bm 50%

Kt qu thc t tc bm 50%

STT

Lu lng
(l/s)

Ct p ton
phn H(mH2O)

STT

Lu lng
(l/s)

Ct p ton phn
H(m)

0.00

1.63

0.00

1.511

0.29

1.23

0.09

1.341

0.31

1.15

0.16

1.280

0.31

1.11

0.19

1.174

0.33

1.06

0.23

1.112

0.34

1.02

0.25

0.995

0.36

0.91

0.27

0.971

0.37

0.85

0.29

0.926

0.38

0.83

0.32

0.855

10

0.39

0.78

10

0.35

0.704

37

Bng 2.10:.So snh kt qu d on v kt qu thc t o c v lu lng v ct p tc

bm 1200 rpm
Kt qu d on tc bm 1200rpm

Kt qu thc t tc bm 1200rpm

STT

Lu lng (l/s)

Ct p ton
phn H(mH2O)

STT

Lu lng (l/s)

Ct p ton
phn
H(mH2O)

0.00

4.17

4.02

0.54

3.14

0.23

3.79

0.56

2.94

0.32

3.43

0.57

2.84

0.4

3.18

0.60

2.70

0.46

2.87

0.63

2.60

0.52

2.61

0.65

2.33

0.54

2.33

0.68

2.18

0.58

2.11

0.69

2.12

0.63

1.99

10

0.71

2.00

10

0.65

1.85

38

 th v nhn xt th nghim 3
th

Hnh 2.4: th biu din mi quan h gia kt qu thc t v d on

Nhn xt:
Khi s dng nh lut t l s gip ta tnh ton gi tr ln bm th 2 vi tc bm khc so
vi ln u. Khi ta p dng nh lut s gy ra s sai s gia thc t v l thuyt.
Qua bn s liu ta thy nh lut t l khi p dng cho lu lng th s sinh ra sai s kh ln
gia s liu ta d on ch v s liu thc t. Nhng i vi ct p ton phn th khc. Ta
thy i vi ct p ton phn H th s sai s kh s dng nh lut t l l khng ng k c
th chp nhn c nhng sai s ny.
Vy nh lut t l s dng cho trng hp ct p ton phn l c th chp nhn c kt
qu d on, v c th s dng kt qu tnh ton nhng khng nn s dng nh lut
d on cng sut cung cp cho bm v n s to ra sai s rt ln.
2.3.4.Th nghim 4: nh hng ca p sut ht ( hin tng xm thc).
Tnh mu cho bng x l s liu.

39

Cc thng s ban u.
Hs = 0.075 m.
Hatmos = 10 m H2O = 10000 mm H2O.
Hvapour = 42.18 mmHg = 573.49 mm H2O ( 35 0C)
Hvapour = 44.56 mmHg = 605.85 mm H2O ( 36 0C)

Hin= 2,2 kPa = 0.22426 m H2O = 224.26 mm H2O

NPSH = Hatmos (Hvapour Hin + Hw ) = 10000 (573.49 + 224.26 +4.58) = 9198mm H2O

Bng 2.11: nh hng ca p sut ht ( hin tng xm thc).

Cng sut
Cng sut
truyn (Ph)
cung cp (Pm)
Kt qu kho st ch 20%
-0.18
16.3
-0.14
16.3
-0.11
16.0
-0.08
16.3
-0.04
16.3
-0.04
16.3
-0.03
16.3
-0.04
16.3
-0.02
16.3

STT

NPSH(mmH2O)

Hiu sut (%)

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9

9198
9219
9240
9251
9292
9292
9303
9293
9313

-1.09
-0.87
-0.68
-0.51
-0.26
-0.26
-0.19
-0.23
-0.15

40

10

9324

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

8832
8651
8248
7878
7873
7733
7595
7496
7450
7423

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

8216
7693
7510
7239
6094
4889
4443
4127
3759
3585

-0.01
16.3
Kt qu kho st ch 60%
5.185
48.1
5.475
48.1
5.617
48.1
5.613
46.2
5.113
47.1
4.932
46.2
4.674
47.1
4.241
46.2
3.418
44.3
2.438
45.2
Kt qu kho st ch 100%
25.816
116.2
26.754
114.7
27.794
116.2
26.708
111.5
28.269
110.0
24.530
97.4
23.105
97.4
21.239
92.7
15.921
91.1
11.934
81.7

th v nhn xt th nghim 4.
th

41

-0.05
10.79
11.39
11.69
12.15
10.85
10.68
9.92
9.18
7.72
5.39
22.21
23.33
23.91
23.95
25.71
25.19
23.72
22.92
17.47
14.61

Hnh 2.5: th mi quan h ca NPSH, hiu sut vi lu lng ch 20%

Hnh 2.6: th mi quan h ca NPSH, hiu sut vi lu lng ch 60%

Hnh 2.7: th mi quan h ca NPSH, hiu sut vi lu lng ch 100%

42

Nhn xt:
Khi ta gim chiu cao ht th hiu sut bm tng ln dn, n mt gi tr nht nh no th
hiu sut ca bm s gim u theo chiu cao ht ca bm khi hin tng xm thc
xut hin. Gi tr NPSH ph thuc vo h thng c th ca bm s dng v tnh theo iu
kin h thng ch 20% th hin tng xm thc vn cha xy ra nhng khi ln ti ch
60% v 100% th lc ny xy ra hin tng xm thc .
chn bm hp l, ta cn xc nh chiu cao ht thc t, lu lng cn bm, p sut cn
dng thit k h thng v chn bm cho ph hp vi nhu cu ca tng cng trnh.
2.3.5.Th nghim 5: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic).

43

Bng 2.12: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic).

STT

Tn tht ct
p H0(m)

Ct p H (m)

Cng sut
truyn (Ph)

Cng sut
cung cp (Pm)

Hiu sut
E(%)

Kt qua khao sat theo m van ch tc bm khng i

1

3.377

1.84

9.69

63.77

15.20

3.299

2.05

9.97

62.67

15.92

3.204

2.21

9.70

65.97

14.70

3.241

2.34

9.83

61.58

15.96

3.225

2.55

9.44

59.38

15.90

3.217

2.62

9.20

60.48

15.21

3.284

2.84

8.85

60.48

14.63

3.199

2.97

7.24

57.18

12.66

3.240

3.15

5.84

56.08

10.42

Kt qua khao sat theo ch tc bm m van hoan toan

1

6.582

2.97

23.74

120.95

19.63

5.650

2.53

18.98

104.62

18.14

4.280

2.02

12.97

81.68

15.88

3.215

1.55

8.64

63.77

13.54

2.383

1.18

5.66

51.84

10.92

1.503

0.83

3.06

40.84

7.49

0.909

0.53

1.54

32.04

4.82

0.501

0.32

0.72

24.50

2.96

0.127

0.16

0.19

16.96

1.10

th v nhn xt th nghim 5.
th

44

Hnh 2.8: th biu din im lm vic ca bm.

Nhn xt:
im lm vic ca bm l giao gia ng c tuyn mng ng v ng c tuyn ca
bm. th v c c dng tng i ging vi th l thuyt
Gi tr ct p, lu lng, hiu sut, im lm vic ca bm ny kh ph hp vi h thng
ang s dng.
2.4.Ph lc
Cc cng thc tnh ton:
Ct p ton phn ca bm: H =

Trong :

Hs =

: bin thin ct p thy tnh, m.

P1: p sut ht (o bng p k), Pa

P2: p sut y (o bng p k), Pa
Hs =

: bin thin ng nng, m.

45

: vn tc ng ng ht ca dng lu cht, m/s.

= 0,0235m i vi m hnh FM50

: vn tc ng ng y ca dng lu cht, m/s.

= 0,0175m i vi m hnh FM50

=

: (ly thc o), bin thin th nng, m.

=0,075m i vi m hnh FM50

Cng sut ca bm:
Cng sut thy lc truyn cho lu cht
=

,W

Trong : : lu lng ca bm, m.

: ct p ton phn ca bm, m.
: khi lng ring ca cht lng, kg/m3.
: gia tc trng trng, m/s2.
Cng sut cn cung cp cho ng c c th c tnh nh sau:
=

,W

Trong : : s vng quay ca bm, vng/pht.

46

: moment xon ca ng c, N/m

Hiu sut ca bm
Hiu sut ca bm c th c tnh nh sau
100%
nh lut t l
Q1
n
= 1
Q2 n 2

H 1 n1
=
H 2 n2

N 1 n1
=
N 2 n 2

c tuyn mng ng: l ng cong biu din mi quan h (H o Q)

I.

Ho = C + KQ2

Trong : Q lu lng, m3/s

Ho : tn tht ct p khi cht lng chuyn ng trong ng, m
II.

K=

C=

P2 P1
+ ( z 2 z1 )
.g

1 2 .L 2
1
8 1 .L1

1
.
+
+

1 D 4 D 2 . D 4
2 .g D1
1 2
2

L1: chiu di ng ht = 0,65m

L2: chiu di ng y = 0,29m
1: h s ma st ng ht = 0,025
2: h s ma st ng y = 0,025
1 = 0,3(co 90o) + 0,4(co45) + 0,5( b cha vi ng) = 1.2
2 = 1( ng vi b cha ) +2,1( 1 van ca) 0,4(co45) + 1( lu lng k ) = 4,5
Ta c
K=

1 2 .L2
1
8 1 .L1

. 4
+

1
.
+
+

+
1

1
2
D4 D
2 .g D1
1 2
D2

47

8
2 .g

0,025.0,69

1
1

0,025.0,29

+ 1,2 1.
+
+ 4,5 + 1.
= 5451930

4
4
0,0235
0,0175
0,0175
0,0235

Cng thc tnh NPSH:

Trong :

NPSH =

l p sut kh quyn, mmH2O.

l p sut bc hi ca nc nhit o c, mmH 2O.

l p sut o c trn ng ht bng cm bin, mmH 2O.

ct p ng trn ng ht, mmH2O.

48

BAI 3: GHEP BM FM51

3.1.Muc ich thi nghim
Xac inh ct ap toan phn cua bm, cng sut va hiu sut cho bm ly tm bng vic o
ac cac thng s khi thay i lu lng bm.
Xy dng ng c tuyn cua mang ng xac inh im lam vic cua bm.
Xy dng ng c tuyn cua h 2 bm ghep ni tip.
Xy dng ng c tuyn cua h 2 bm ghep song song.
3.2.Kt qua thi nghim.
3.2.1.Thi nghim 1: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm.
Bng 3.1: Kho st bm ch 70%.
Stt

Lu
lng
Q (l/s)

Tc
bm n
(rpm)

Ap sut hut
Ph (kPa)

Ap sut y
P (kPa)

Nhit
T (oC)

Moment xon
ng c t (N.m)

1.113

1260

0.9

17.3

36.1

0.43

0.793

1260

1.3

25.2

36.1

0.38

0.604

1260

1.4

28.4

36.1

0.34

0.434

1260

1.5

30.5

36.3

0.31

0.340

1260

1.5

31.4

36.2

0.32

0.283

1260

1.6

32.0

36.1

0.31

0.207

1260

1.6

32.1

36.2

0.31

0.150

1260

1.6

32.3

36.3

0.30

0.094

1260

1.6

32.6

36.4

0.28

10

0.020

1260

1.6

32.9

36.3

0.28

3.2.2.Thi nghim 2: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic).

Bng 3.2: khao sat theo m van ch tc bm khng i v ch tc
bm m van hoan toan
stt

Lu
lng
Q (l/s)

Tc
bm n
(rpm)

Ap sut hut
Ph (kPa)

Ap sut
y P
(kPa)

Nhit T
(oC)

Moment xon
ng c t (N.m)

Kt qua khao sat theo m van ch tc bm khng i

49

1.113

1260

0.9

17.9

37.9

0.46

1.074

1260

1.0

18.8

38.0

0.47

1.037

1260

1.0

19.1

38.2

0.48

0.961

1260

1.0

21.2

38.0

0.45

0.924

1260

1.2

22.7

37.9

0.47

0.811

1260

1.2

24.6

38.1

0.45

0.697

1260

1.3

27.7

37.8

0.40

0.584

1260

1.5

29.1

38.0

0.40

0.207

1260

1.6

32.6

38.2

0.35

Kt qua khao sat theo ch tc bm m van hoan toan

1

1.564

1800

0.3

33.3

37.9

0.64

1.396

1620

0.4

27.8

38.1

0.48

1.264

1440

0.6

22.3

38.1

0.42

1.094

1260

0.9

17.8

38.2

0.46

0.943

1080

1.0

13.3

38.5

0.40

0.773

900

1.3

9.5

38.1

0.35

0.623

720

1.5

6.5

38.5

0.32

0.453

540

1.5

4.0

38.2

0.24

0.320

360

1.6

2.2

38.5

0.31

10

0.189

180

1.6

1.8

38.0

0.56

3.2.3.Thi nghim 3: Ghp bm ni tip.

Bng 3.3: Kho st ghp bm ni tip.
Stt

Lu
lng
Q (l/s)

Tc
bm n
(rpm)

Ap sut
hut Ph
(kPa)

Ap sut y
P (kPa)

Nhit T
(oC)

Moment xon
ng c t (N.m)

1.352

1260

0.6

33.7

37.0

0.49

1.340

1260

0.4

33.4

37.1

0.53

1.283

1260

0.6

38.4

37.4

0.57

1.170

1260

0.7

46.9

37.4

0.56

0.793

1260

1.3

71.3

37.3

0.49

0.510

1260

1.4

82.6

37.5

0.44

0.246

1260

1.6

88.2

37.4

0.39

0.137

1260

1.6

89.8

37.5

0.36

0.094

1260

1.6

90.6

37.5

0.38

50

10

0.057

1260

1.6

90.5

37.5

0.37

3.2.4.Thi nghim 4: Ghp bm song song.

Bng 3.4: Kho st ghp bm song song.
Stt

Lu
lng
Q (l/s)

Tc
bm n
(rpm)

Ap sut
hut Ph
(kPa)

Ap sut y
P (kPa)

Nhit T
(oC)

Moment xon
ng c t (N.m)

1.848

1260

-0.4

37.8

37.6

0.68

1.811

1260

-0.3

37.9

37.7

0.67

1.791

1260

-0.1

38.2

37.7

0.67

1.697

1260

-0.1

39.0

37.9

0.67

1.574

1260

0.2

40.4

37.7

0.68

1.357

1260

0.5

41.3

37.9

0.68

1.057

1260

1.0

44.2

37.8

0.66

0.867

1260

1.1

46.0

37.9

0.67

0.754

1260

1.3

48.1

37.8

0.66

10

0.547

1260

1.5

51.1

38.0

0.68

3.3. X ly kt qua
3.3.1. Th nghim 1 : Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm.
Bi tnh mu x l s liu
Ct p ton phn ca bm c tnh nh sau :
HTP = Hs + Hw + He

He

51

W2 vn tc ng y: W2 =

(d2 l ng knh ng y, d2

= 0.035 m)

W1 vn tc ng ht: W1 =

(d1 l ng knh ng ht, d1 =

0,051 m)
He = Z2 Z1 : bin thin th nng (He = 0,018

Tnh cng sut ca ng c :

Cng sut thy lc truyn cho lu cht :
(W)

(W)

Cng sut cn cung cp cho ng c :

(W)

(W)

Tnh hiu sut ca bm :

52

Cc bng s liu sau p dng cch tnh tng t

Bng 3.5: Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm.

STT

Lu lng
10-3
(m3/s)

P = P Ph (kPa)

HTP (m)

Ph (W)

1.113

16.4

1.753

19.025

56.7

33.53

0.793

23.9

2.522

19.503

50.1

38.90

0.604

27

2.840

16.727

44.9

37.29

0.434

29

3.045

12.887

40.9

31.51

0.340

29.9

3.137

10.402

42.2

24.64

0.283

30.4

3.189

8.799

40.9

21.51

0.207

30.5

3.199

6.457

40.9

15.79

0.150

30.7

3.219

4.709

39.6

11.90

0.094

31

3.250

2.979

36.9

8.06

10

0.020

31.3

3.281

0.640

36.9

1.73

53

Pm (W)

E (%)

3.3.2: Th nghim 2: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm

vic).
Bng 3.6:. Phn tch thng s c trng ca bm

54

55

STT

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10

Tn
tht ct
HTP (m)
Ph (W)
Pm (W)
p
H0(m)
Kt qu kho st theo m van ch tc bm khng i
1.113
17
2.247
1.815
19.693
60.7
1.074
17.8
2.232
1.897
19.862
62.0
1.037
18.1
2.236
1.927
19.489
63.3
0.961
20.2
2.400
2.143
20.079
59.4
0.924
21.5
2.510
2.276
20.507
62.0
0.811
23.4
3.084
2.471
19.540
59.4
0.697
26.4
2.298
2.779
18.884
52.8
0.584
27.6
1.637
2.902
16.523
52.8
0.207
31
0.274
3.250
6.561
46.2
Kt qu kho st theo ch tc bm m van hon ton
1.564
33
4.360
3.455
52.697
120.6
1.396
27.4
3.591
2.881
39.219
81.4
1.264
21.7
2.869
2.297
28.306
63.3
1.094
16.9
2.220
1.804
19.247
60.7
0.943
12.3
1.628
1.333
12.253
45.2
0.773
8.2
1.093
0.912
6.875
33.0
0.623
5
0.683
0.584
3.547
24.1
0.453
2.5
0.355
0.328
1.447
13.6
0.320
0.6
0.120
0.133
0.414
11.7
0.189
0.2
0.053
0.092
0.169
10.6

Q.10-3
(m3/s)

P = P - Ph
(kPa)

3.3.3.Th nghim 3: Ghp bm ni tip.

Bng 3.7. Ghp bm ni tip.

56

E (%)

32.45
32.03
30.77
33.82
33.07
32.91
35.78
31.31
14.21
43.68
48.16
44.69
31.71
27.08
20.84
14.70
10.66
3.54
1.60

Q.10-3
(m3/s)
1.352

P = P - Ph
(kPa)
33.10

1.340

3
4
5

STT

HTP (m)

Ph (W)

Pm (W)

E (%)

3.47

45.69

64.65

70.67

33.00

3.46

45.15

69.93

64.56

1.283
1.170
0.793

37.80
46.20
70.00

3.95
4.81
7.25

49.39
54.87
56.06

75.21
73.89
64.65

65.67
74.25
86.71

0.510

81.20

8.40

41.77

58.06

71.94

7
8
9

0.246
0.137
0.094

86.60
88.20
89.00

8.95
9.12
9.20

21.47
12.18
8.43

51.46
47.50
50.14

41.73
25.64
16.82

10

0.057

88.90

9.19

5.11

48.82

10.46

3.3.4.Th nghim 4: Ghp bm song song.

Bng 3.8: Ghp bm song song

Q.10-3
(m3/s)
1.848

P = P - Ph
(kPa)
38.20

1.811

STT

HTP (m)

Ph (W)

Pm (W)

E (%)

3.99

71.88

89.72

80.11

38.20

3.99

70.44

88.40

79.67

1.791

38.30

4.00

69.84

88.40

79.00

1.697

39.10

4.08

67.53

88.40

76.39

1.574

40.20

4.19

64.37

89.72

71.74

1.357

40.80

4.26

56.31

89.72

62.76

1.057

43.20

4.50

46.40

87.09

53.28

0.867

44.90

4.68

39.53

88.40

44.71

0.754

46.80

4.87

35.81

87.09

41.12

10

0.547

49.60

5.16

27.51

89.72

30.66

57

3.4. thi
3.4.1: Th nghim 1 : Xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm.

Hnh 3.1: th biu din mi quan h gia hiu sut ca bm theo lu lng.

58

Hnh 3.2: th biu din mi quan h gia ct p ton phn v cng sut
ca bm theo lu lng.

3.4.2.Th nghim 2: Phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm (tm im lm vic).

Hnh 3.3: th tm im lm vic ca bm

3.4.3.Th nghim 3: Ghp bm ni tip.

59

Hnh 3.4: th biu din mi quan h gia hiu sut ca 2 bm ghp ni tip
theo lu lng.

Hnh 3.5: th biu din mi quan h gia tn tht ct p ca bm , cng sut ca 2

bm ghp ni tip theo lu lng.
3.4.4.Th nghim 4: Ghp bm song song.

60

Hnh 3.6: th biu din mi quan h gia hiu sut ca 2 bm ghp song song
theo lu lng.

Hnh 3.7: th biu din mi quan h gia tn tht ct p ca bm v cng sut

ca 2 bm ghp song song theo lu lng.
3.5. Nhn xet va ban lun

61

3.5.1.Th nghim 1: xc nh cc thng s c trng ca bm

T bng s liu 2.1 v th hnh 2.1 ta nhn thy: khi lu lng tng th ct p ca
bm gim, ng biu din bin thin tng gim khng u, cng sut ca bm th tng khi
lu lng tng v tng ln lin tc, hiu sut ca bm tng len lien tc nhng cha c gi tr
cao nht.
So snh 2 th ta thy th nghim v l thuyt tng i ging nhau, theo l thuy th
ct p gim lien tc khi lu ;ng tng cn thc nghim th chng bin thin khng u,
nguyn nhn l do nh hng ca cc yu t nh nhit ca nc, tr lc

62

3.5.2.Th nghim 2: phn tch cc thng s c trng ca bm ( tm im lm

vic ).
T bng s liu 2.2 v hnh 2.2 ta thy ng biu din mi quan h gia H Q, E Q
v Ho Q, giao im gia 2 ng H Q v H o Q l giao im ca ng c tuyn
mng ng v c tuyn ca bm cho ta im lm vic ca bm
So snh hnh 2.2 vi th theo l thuyt ta thy chng ging vi nhau
Ta thy ng c tuyn mng ng tng ln lin tc khi lu lng tng, ng ct p
v ng hiu sut ca bm cng tng ln lin tc khi lu lng tng.
3.5.3.Th nghim 3: ghp bm ni tip
So snh 2 bng s liu 2.1 v 2.3; 2 hnh 2.1 v 2.3 ta thy:
Ct p tn tht ca bm ghp ni tip cao hn 1 bm nhng khng bng 2 ln ct p tn
thy ca 1 bm.
Lu lng ca 2 bm ghp ni tip ln hn 1 bm
Hiu sut ca 2 bm ghp ni tip ln hn 1 bm
Cng sut ca bm ghp ni tip ln hn 1 bm
T hnh 2.3 ta thy: nhng ng ny khng tng hoc gim lin tc nh th trong
l thuyt m n bin thin lc tng lc gim vi bin thin nh, n l nhng ng dch
dc.
ng dng ca ghp bm ni tip trong thc t: Khi cn a nc ln cao hoc cn to
ra ra p sut ln hn p sut ca 1 bm th cn ghp ni ni tip cc bm. Ngha l nc t
ca ra hoc t ng y ca bm u c ni vo ng ht ca bm sau, trnh t ni nh
vy s lm tng ct p ca h thng ng ng thng c s dng khi vn chuyn cht
lng ln cao hay i xa m khng yu cu 1 lu lng ln (ng ng dn du, ng ng
dn nc..)
3.5.4.Th nghim 4: ghp bm song song
so snh 3 bng s liu 2.1, 2.3 v 2.4; 3 hnh 2.1, 2.3 v 2.4 ta thy :
Lu lng ca bm ln nht ghp bm song song v nh nht 1 bm
Tn tht ct p ghp bm song song ln hn 1 bm

63

Hiu sut lm vic ca bm ghp song song l ln nht v nh nht 1 bm

Cng sut ca bm ghp ni tip l ln nht v nh nht 1 bm
T hnh 2.4 ta thy: th theo thc nghim gn ging theo l thuyt, hiu sut ca
bm song song t ln nht 96,22% tng ng vi lu lng ln nht v tn tht ct p
ln nht. ng cng sut v hiu sut tng khi lu lng tng.
ng dng ca ghp bm song song trong thc t: Khi vn chuyn cht lng t ni ny
ti ni khc m lu lng 1 bm to ra khng p ng nhu cu th ngi ta ghp 2 hay
nhiu bm song song thng c p dng trong bm ht cht lng, trong thy li ti tin
hoa mu
3.6.Ph lc
Cc cng thc tnh ton :
H 1 bm
Tnh ct p ton phn (HTP) :
Ct p ton phn ca bm c tnh nh sau :
HTP = Hs + Hw + He
Trong :

Hs =

: bin thin ct p thy tnh, m

P2 : p sut y, Pa
P1 : p sut ht, Pa

Hw =

: bin thin ng nng, m

W2 vn tc y, m/s : W2 =

(d2 l ng knh ng y, d2 = 0.035 m)

64

W1 vn tc ht, m/s : W1 =

(d1 l ng knh ng ht, d1 = 0,051 m)

He = Z2 Z1 : bin thin th nng, m (He = 0,018m)

Tnh cng sut ca ng c :
Cng sut thy lc truyn cho lu cht :
Ph = Q.H. .g , W
Trong : Q lu lng ca bm, m3/s
H : ct p ton phn ca bm, m
: khi lng ring ca cht lng, kg/m 3

: gia tc trng trng, m/s2

Cng sut cn cung cp cho ng c :
Pm =

,W

Trong : n : s vng quay ca bm, vng/pht

T : moment xon ca ng c, N.m
Tnh hiu sut ca bm :

E=

100%

H 2 bm ghp song song

Ct p tng ca h thng : Htc = H1 = H2 = ... = Hn
Lu lng tng ca h thng : Qtc = Q1 + Q2 + ... + Qn
H 2 bm ghp ni tip

65

Ct p tng ca h thng : Htc = H1 + H2 + ... + Hn

Lu lng tng ca h thng : Qtc = Q1 = Q2 = ... = Qn

66

BAI 4 : LOC KHUNG BAN

4.1.MUC ICH
Khao sat qua trinh hoat ng cua may loc khung ban
Xac inh vn tc loc trung binh, chu ky loc va nng sut loc
Xac inh cac h s loc va phng trinh loc mi lin h gia ng lc qua trinh loc va nng
sut cua may loc.
4.2. Kt qua thi nghim
4.2.1.Th nghim 1 :Lc vi p sut khng i.
Bang 4.1. Loc vi ap sut khng i
STT

Ap sut loc

Th tch nc lc (l)

Thi gian loc t (s)

16,18

1
2

31.75

kg/cm2

44.06

58.43

10

73.10

15.59

27.69

1.2

40.61

kg/cm2

53.75

10

66.91

4.2.2.Th nghim 2 :Lc vi tc khng i.

Bang 4.2 .Loc vi tc khng i
Ap sut P1

Ap sut P2

(kg/cm )

(bar)

Thi gian loc

(s)

1.6

0.3

60

1.6

0.25

120

1.6

0.22

180

1.6

0.2

240

STT Lu lng
1

540(l/h)

67

1.6

0.2

300

1.6

0.7

60

1.6

0.6

120

1.6

0.54

180

1.6

0.5

240

1.6

0.5

300

500(l/h)

4.3.X ly s liu
4.3.1.Th nghim 1 :Lc vi p sut khng i.
Thi gian lc ban u t0 = 0 s,
p sut u ra P2 = 0(bar)
Din tch khung bn lc F= 17 x 17 = 289 cm2 = 0.0289 m2
Lng nc lc ring : q0= 0 (m3/m2)

t
1 t0 = 16,18 - 0= 16.18 (s)
q = q1 q0 = 0.0692 - 0 = 0.0692 (bar)

Bang 4.3. Kt qua tinh toan loc vi ap sut khng i

STT

Ap sut
loc

1
2
3
4

1
kg/cm2

V (m3)

(s)

q
(m3/m2)

0.002

16,18

0.0692

16,18

0.0692

233.82

0.004

31.75

0.1384

31.75

0.1384

229.41

0.006

44.06

0.2076

44.06

0.2076

212.24

0.008

58.43

0.2768

58.43

0.2768

211.09

0.010

73.10

0.3460

73.10

0.3460

211.27

1.2

0.002

15.59

0.0692

15.59

0.0692

225.29

kg/cm2

0.004

27.69

0.1384

27.69

0.1384

200.07

0.006

40.61

0.2076

40.61

0.2076

195.62

0.008

53.75

0.2768

53.75

0.2768

194.18

68

0.010

66.91

0.3460

66.91

0.3460

193.38

th

Hnh 4.1: Biu th hin mi qua h gia

q v q.
4.3.2.Th nghim 2 :Lc vi tc khng i.
ng knh ng ra : d = 1.83 cm= 0.0183 m

m2

Din tch ng ng :

P = P1 -P2 = 1.6 0.3 = 1.3 (bar)

Cc s liu ca cc trong ct tnh ton tng t.

Bang 4.4. Kt qua tinh toan loc vi vn tc khng i

69

P1

P2

P = P1 -P2

(lit/s)

(m3/m2.s)

(bar)

(bar)

(bar)

1.6

0.3

1.3

60

1.6

0.25

1.35

120

1.6

0.22

138

180

1.6

0.2

1.4

240

1.6

0.2

1.4

300

1.6

0.7

0.9

60

1.6

0.6

1.0

120

1.6

0.54

1.06

180

1.6

0.5

1.1

240

1.6

0.5

1.1

300

STT
1
2

0.15

0.57

0.1389

0.53

(s)

th

Hnh 4.2: Biu th hin mi quan h gia P v

4.4: Nhn xt v bn lun.
4.4.1.Th nghim 1: :Lc vi p sut khng i.
T s liu th nghim thu c v kt qu x l s liu cho thy khi lc mt p sut
khng i th lu lng ca dng chy thu c u ra s gim. Lu lng dng gim
tuyn tnh theo ng thng. S thay i ca lu lng ny l do co tr lc ca vch lc v
tr lc do b gy ra.

70

Trn th thu c hnh v khng tuyn tnh l do trong qu trnh o c sai s trong
qu trnh o do thao tc thc hnh o v sai s tng i ca cc thit bi o.
4.4.2.Th nghim 2. Lc vi tc khng i.
T kt qu th nghim v s liu x l th cho thy khi ta lc vn tc khng i th
s c s thay i p sut u ra,do dn n s chnh lch p sut trc v sau khi lc.
V s thay i p sut cng tuyn tnh theo thi gian, c th l s tng tho thi gian. Thi
gian lc cng tng th p sut u ra cng ngy cng gim v s chnh lch p sut ngy
cng ln.
th c s chnh lch do sai s trong qu trnh o.
4.5.PH LC
Cc cng thc s dng trong bi:
Vn tc lc.

Lc vi p sut khng i.

Lc vi vn tc khng i.

Tnh ton mu cho cc bng x l s liu.

71

BI 5 : QUAT LY TM
5.1.Muc ich thi nghim
Khao sat kha nng va ch hoat ng cua quat ly tm
Nghin cu xy dng ng c tuyn thc va ng c tuyn ng dn cua quat ly tm.
Xac inh lu lng, cng sut, hiu sut lam vic cua quat
5.2. Kt qua thi nghim
5.2.1.Th nghim 1: Khao sat trn ng ng it tr lc
Bng 5.1. Khao sat trn ng ng it tr lc
Stt

Ap sut toan phn (mbar)

Ap sut tinh (mbar)

8.5

9.5

10

11.5

8.5

12

9,5

13

11

13.5

11.5

14.5

13

15

14.5

10

15,5

15.5

5.2.2.Th nghim 2: Khao sat trn ng ng nhiu tr lc

Bng 5.2. Khao sat trn ng ng nhiu tr lc
Stt

Ap sut toan phn (mbar)

Ap sut tinh (mbar)

2.5

1.5

3.5

5.5

7.5

9.5

72

11

10.5

12.5

12

13.5

13.5

10

14

14

5.3. Kt qua x ly s liu

5.3.1.Th nghim 1: Khao sat trn ng ng it tr lc
Tnh mu bng x l s liu
Ta c D = 44,2(mm) = 0,0442(m)

F=

Hd = Htp - Ht = 0.085 0.04 = 0.045 (mH2O)

W=

Q = w.F =0,94.1,534.10-3 =1,44.10-3 (m3/s)

Ho = C +kQ2 =1,2 + 66651.(1,44.10-3)2 = 1,338(mH2O)

Bng 5.3. Khao sat trn ng ng it tr lc
TN
1
2
3
4
5

Hd (mH2O)
0.045
0.045
0.040
0.030
0.025

Q.(m3/s)
0.00144
0.00144
0.00136
0.00118
0.00107

w (m/s)
0.94
0.94
0.89
0.77
0.70

73

Ho (Ho = C +kQ2)
1.338
1.338
1.323
1.293
1.276

6
7
8
9
10

0.020
0.020
0.005
0.005
0

0.63
0.63
0.31
0.31
0

0.00096
0.00096
0.00048
0.00048
0

1.261
1.261
1.215
1.215
1.200

5.3.2.Th nghim 2: Khao sat trn ng ng nhiu tr lc

Tnh mu bng x l s liu
Ta c D = 44,2(mm) = 0,0442(m)

F=

Hd = Htp - Ht = 0.025 0.015 = 0.01 (mH2O)

W=

Q = w.F =0,44.1,534.10-3 =0,68.10-3 (m3/s)

Ho = C +kQ2 =1,2 +139556.(0,00068)2 = 1,263(mH2O)

TN

Hd (mH2O)

w (m/s)

Q.10-3 (m3/s)

Ho (Ho = C +kQ2)

0.010

0.44

0.68

1.265

0.005

0.31

0.48

1.232

0.010

0.44

0.68

1.265

0.005

0.31

0.48

1.232

74

0.005

0.31

0.48

1.232

0.005

0.31

0.48

1.232

0.005

0.31

0.48

1.232

0.005

0.31

0.48

1.232

1.200

10

1.200

5.4. thi
5.4.1. Kho st trn ng ng t tr lc

Hnh 5.1: th biu din ng c tuyn ca qut

75

Hnh 5.2 th din im lm vic ca qut

5.4.2.Kho st trn ng ng nhiu tr lc

Hnh 5.3 th biu din ng c tuyn ca qut

76

Hnh 5.4: th biu din im lm vic ca qut

5.5. Nhn xet va ban lun
th cc ng c tuyn qut cho thy bt k ch lm vic no qut cng c
th cung cp nhng lng nc khc nhau, ph thuc vo p sut to ra thng tr lc
ca ng ng. Cho nn, H v Q khng ph thuc vo dng qut m cn ph thuc vo c
tuyn ca ng dn.
Da vo th ta thy, cung cp mt lu lng tng ng nhau h thng ng
ng nhiu tr lc i hi qut phi to ra ct p ln hn nhiu so vi h thng ng t tr lc.
Qut ly tm thng c s dng ht hay y mt lng ln khng kh vi p sut
thp.Trong cng nghip thng s dng cho vic thng gi. Cc ng dng ca qut li tm
trong thc t l:
Lp t cho cc cng trnh cp dng kh, thng gi v phc v iu ha khng kh.
Ht c, ht thi khi cho cc nh bp.
Ti nhit phc v cng ngh sy v ch bin nng sn.
Dng iu ha nhng ni c t gi.
So snh u im nhc im ca qut ly tm vi cc loi qut khc.
Qut ly tm
u im

77

Nng c p sut khng kh ln cao t n hn so vi qut hng trc, to nng

sut ln. Qut ly tm c th gn trc tip vi ng c in hoc ni gin tip vi
trc ng c qua h thng bnh ai.

tin khi lp t theo yu cu s dng, ngi ta sn xut qut ly tm c 2 chiu

quay vi cc gi khc nhau. Nu rto ca qut quay theo chiu kim ng h th
chng ta c loi qut phi v quay ngc li l qut quay tri.

Nhc im
Hiu sut thp.
Cc loi qut thi kh khc
u im
-

My thi kh kiu rto: cung cp kh u n, khng ph thuc s thay i tr lc

trong mng ng, thay i cng sut bng cch thay i s vng quay,cu to gn,
khng c van, gi thnh ch to v chi ph vn hnh nh.

My thi kh kiu tuabin: cu to n gin, an ton, t h hng, lu lng u, d

vn hnh,...

Nhc im
-

My thi kh kiu rto: phi lp rp c chnh xc cao v vn hnh cn thn.

My thi kh kiu tuabin: hiu sut thp

5.6.Ph lc
Cc cng thc s dung trong bi
Ct p ton phn

Z1: chiu cao ng ht (m)

Z2: chiu cao ng y (m)
h1: tn tht thy lc trong ng ht (m)
h2: tn tht thy lc trong ng y (m)
v1, v2: vn tc pha ht v pha y (m/s)
Mc khc: Htp=Ht + H (mbar)

78

Hoc Hm= C+KQ2

Trong :

nst l chiu cao p lc tnh.

l chiu cao p lc ng.

c tuyn mng ng

H s

Trong : L1 = 1.2 (m) chiu di ng y ( tr lc t)

L2 = 1.85 (m) chiu di ng y (tr lc nhiu)
D = 44.2 (mm) ng knh ng y
= 0,3.11(11 co 90o) + 2,1(1 van ca) = 5,4( tr lc ng y (nhiu tr lc)), =
0,3(1 co 900) + 2,1(1 van ca) = 2,4 (t tr lc)
=0,025 h s ma st ng y.

B qua nh hng ca ng ht.

Vi ng ng t tr lc

79

Vi ng ng nhiu tr lc

Tn tht ct p
Ho = C +kQ2
Tit din ng ng

(m2)

F=

Vn tc chuyn ng ca cht kh

(m/s)

Lu lng cht kh
Q=w.F (m3/s)

80