iuH.

a{dkh
wkakNgf.a ^;lix.%yh& ksjpkh
uydpdh" ul=remafma OudkJo ys'
Ndr;Sh kHdh Ydia;%h fn!oaO" ffck iy yska hkqfjka f;jeoEre jk w;r
;lix.%yh wh;a jkafka thska yska kHdh Ydia;%hg h' kHdh yd ffjfYaIsl oYkjdo
foflys uQ,sl b.eka ixl,kh fldg 7 jk ishji w.Nd.fhys wdka foaYfha iQ
wkakNg k wdpdhjrfhl= iska ;lix.%yh rpkd lrk ,' 11 jk ishjfia Ysjo;a;
k mjrfhl= iska ffjfYaIsl oYkh weiqfrka ,shk ,o ima;mod k lD;sh fudyqf.a
m%Odk wdY%h h' m%uqL ;dlslfhl= fkdjk wkakNg pdrlfhl= f,iska kHdh ffjfYaIsl
oYkjdohka taldnoaO fldg ieflka yd ir, niskafuu lD;sh ix.%y lsu w;sYhska m%Yia;
l;jHhls' fu ,smsfha wruqK ;lix.%yh ;=< jrKh jk woyia iudf,dapkh lsu jk
fyhska Bg wdrNhla f,i Ndr;Sh I oYkh ms<sn| ieflka lau iqiqh'
kHdh" ffjfYaIsl" idxLH" fhda." mQj udxid yd W;a;r udxid hk oYk
im%odhhka Ndr;Sh I oYkh kka yekaf' fjd hq., mo f,i nyq, jHjydrhg meK
we;' ta wkqj kHdh yd ffjfYaIsl im%odhka o idxLH yd fhda. im%odhka o taldnoaO f'
fufia is we;af;a tla im%odhlska bm;a lrkq ,nk woyiaj,g wfkla im%odh iska
W!kmQrKh lrkq ,nk fyhsks' ksoiqkla f,i kHdh im%odh u.ska {dkNd.h wjOdrKh
lrk l,ays ffjfYaIsl im%odh iska Bg wod<j wfN!;sljdoh bm;a lrkq ,nhs' fjdfha
mj;akd inkaO;dj ksid kHdh im%odhdfhka wfN!;sljdoh;a ffjfYaIsl im%odfhka
{dkNd.jdoh;a ms<s.ekqKs' fufia u idxLH yd fhda. oYk o tlsfklg inkaOh' idxLH
oYkh Yajh ms<sn| mKdujdohla bm;a lrk w;r fhda. oYkh olajkqfha uQ,sl
jYfhka ixidr uqla;sh mssi fhda. Ndjkdjh' fuu oYk fol tlsfkflys ms<s.ekS wkqu;
lsu fYaI;ajhhs' tneka kHdh yd ffjfYaIsl oYk isoaOdka;uh ms<s.ekSj,ska fjkia
jkafka idxLH yd fhda. u;jdoj,g h' fuh ;jrg;a meye,s lrkafka k ffjfYaIsl
im%odh f,dalh .%y lrkafka th ia;shla f,isks' tys ls%hdjla f,i ms<s.kafka p,khla
njhs' zl=re,a,d mshdUhsZ hk fuys mshdu hkq mshdm;aj, p,khls' tfy;a idxLHhkaf.a u;h
wkqj f,dalh .%y jkafka mKduhla f,isks' f ksid meye,sju ffjfYaIsl yd idxLH
oYkj, mriamr frda;djla we;' udxid oYk ffjl oYkh mok fldg .;a tajd jk
w;r yska kHdh Ydia;%hg inkaOhla fkdue;' fuu oYkjdo w;ka ;lix.%yh
imdokh we;af;a kHdh yd ffjfYaIsl isoaOdka; ixl,kfhks' ;j;a fhlska lsjfyd;a
;lix.%yfhys jrKh jkafka lKdo f.!;uhkaf.a u;jdohka h' zlKdoZ hkafkys f;areu
le,slkakd hkakhs' zlKZ hkq len,s fkdfyd;a mrudKqh' zwoZ hkq lkakdh' Ndr;Sh
mrudKqjdoh ms<s.;a fyhska fudyqg zCIKNCIZ hkq o kula f' fudyq iska bm;a lrkqfha
mod: jYfhka jrKhla kd wmg yqre mqre f,dla hk jpkfhka w:j;a jk fha
;l l%uhla fkdf' fuh ;lix.%yh kka fkdj mod:ix.%yh kkq yekau iqiq nj
we;e h;=kaf.a woyih'1 ;lix.%yh yodrk wdOqkslhka iska fuh uQ,sl jYfhka
ykdf.k ;sh hq;=h' ngysr ;l Ydia;%h f,dla hk kka jHjydr jk w;r th NdIdj
yeisrf moku u; w:j;a jkakls' thg wkqudk Ydia;%h hkak jvd;a fhda.H f' fidl%ia
iy maf,afgda hk fofokd iska zkHdhZ ms<sn|j orK ,o woyia mok fldg f.k
weiafgdag,af.a kHdh Ydia;%h ys we;' fmr. oYkh;a ngysr oYkh;a w;r meye,s
fjkila we;' ngysr ;l Ydia;%h Y=oaO ;l l%uhla f,i ms<s.efka' ;l f.dvke.Sf tu
;lj, im%udK ksYam%udK nj i,ld ne,Su is flfrk neks' fmr. ;l l%uh Y=oaO ;l
l%uhla f,i fkdie,flkqfha thska {dkNd.d;aul yd ufkdaoHd;aul lreKq idlPd
flfrk fyhsks' ngysr ;lh yqfola oYkjdoh weiqka ys we;' fmr. ;lh yqfola
wd. weiqfrka m%Njh we;'

;lix.%yfha Ih fCI;%h
;lix.%yfha wruqK jkafka ;lhkaf.a ix.%y lsuhs' fuys ;l hkafkka woyia
jkafka mod:h' mod: hkq NdIdf fhok moj, w: fyj;a wruqKqh' lKdo wdpdhjrhd
olajk m mod: y;la olakd ,ef' tajd ima; mod: kka yekaf' jH" .=K" lu"
idudkH" fYaI" iujdh" wNdj hkq ta y;hs'2 lsish mokula u; msysgd fuu mod: u.ska
Yajh Yaf,aIKh lsula ;lix.%yfhka is flf'
by; olajk ,o mod: fjk fjku ykd.ekSu ;lix.%h yeoEf wdOqkslhka
iska wksjdhfhkau l< hq;alla nj f;are .; hq;=h' fuu mod: w;ka fojekak jk .=K
k jQ mod:h fuys je rg;a Yaf,aIKh f' ixLHd;aul jYfhka .=K is y;rls' tajd
w;ka nqoa hkq tla .=Khls' ;lix.%yfhys fYaI uIKhg ,lajkafka tlS nqoa
jrKhhs' ksrjoH ksia ka;kh inkaOfhka hd hq;= Wmdh ud. ksYaph fuu nqoa
.%yfhka is flf' yska u;jdyq odYksl jYfhka iFjd f,dalh inkaOfhka wkYajr
i;a;djka folla ms<s.ks;s' tlla k BYajr i;a;djhs' fojekak k wurKSh wd;auhl
i;a;djhs' fuu i;a;dj meye,s lsu msKsi ffjfYaIslhka iska lrkqfha f,dj we;s iEu
jia;=jlau mrudKqj olajd Yaf,aIKh l< yels nj iy {dkh yiqrejk tajd lsish
mod:hlg wh;a nj f.kyer lau h' nqoa .=Kh iauD;sh yd wkqNjh hkqfjka fofldgilg
fnfoa' bka wk;=rej ta folu h:d:iauD;s" wh:d:iauD;s hkqfjka yd h:d:dkqNj"
wh:d:dkqNj hkqfjka fnod olajhs' fuhska jeo.;a jkafka h:d:dkqNjhhs' tkau
ksrjoH{dkhhs' ;j;a hlska lsjfyd;a h:d:dkqNjfhka isjkafka ksjer wjfndaOhhs' fuu
ksjer kqu ,nd .ekSf l%u y;rla we;s nj kHdh yd ffjfYaIsl u;h nj ;lix.%yfha
laf' tajd k
i. m%;HlaIh

ii. wkqudkh

iii. Wmudkh

iv. Yoh fyj;a wdm;a jdlHhs'3

fuh fn!oaO kHdh Ydia;%fhka yska kHdh fjkia jk ;ekls' fn!oaO ms<s.ekSu wkqj we;af;a
m%;HlaIh yd wkqudkh hk {dkdY%h fol muKs'4 ;lix.%yfha je wjOdkhla fhdu jk
ixl,amh jkafka by; lS {dkdY%j,ska wkqudkhhs' tu wkqudkh ms<sn|j ;l ix.%yfha tk
woyia wdOqkslfhl=g yska ;l Ydia;%h ms<sn| m%udKj;a wjfndaohla ,nd .ekSug iEfyk nj
fmfka' ;lix.%yh wkqj m%;HlaIh hkq bkash yd wruqKq tlsfkl .efuka we;s jk
{dkhhs'5 th ksl,am il,am hkd iska m%fNao.; f' wkqudkh k fmfkk fohla
wkqj fkdfmfkk fohla k .kakd l%uhhs' f i|yd ixjdlHhla u.ska lreKq laula
fuys,d isf' Wmudkh hkq hula Wmudjla .ka k .ekSuhs' l= fula l ke;s flfkl=g
hfula l=ud hkq yrld jeks if;lehs mjihs' bka miq le<hg hk Tyqg yrld jeks
if;la olakg ,ef' Tyq tflfKysu ta l=fulehs k .kS' Yoh hkq lsish Yajdi
lghq;= mqoa.,fhl=f.a fyda fo flfkl=f.a ke;fyd;a foh jeks wd.l .%ka:d.; b.ekau
ms<s.ekSuhs' fuu l%uhkaf.ka iuH.a {dkhla ,nd .; yels nj Tjqyq Yajdi lr;s'

h:d:dkqNjh
nqoa hkakg iudk jpkhla f,i {dk" Wm," kqu hk mo lah yelsh' nqoafha
m%fNao folla iauD;s yd wkqNj hkqfjka ;lix.%yfha olajd we;'6 yq iauD;shla fkdjk kqu
wkqNjh k f' fuys iauD;s hkafkka woyia jkafka w;S;djckhhs' zixialdrud;%ckHx
{dkx iauD;sZ fmr ;ud iska m%;HlaIfhka o;a foa isys lsf Ndjkduh ldhfhka ^}ixialdr&
we;s jQ {dkh iauD;shhs'6
wkqNjh h:d: fuka u wh:d: h yelsh' h:d:h k ksjerluhs' ljrdldr jQ
kqula kuq;a ,efnkqfha wruqKla weiqre fldg f.kh' tu wruqKg ys iajrEmh .ekSu;a
wruqKg wys iajrEmh fkd.ekSu;a h:d:dkqNjhhs' ta fufiah' ks,a meye;s Wmeia hqj<la

me,|f.k iskafkla iq meye;s ffp;Hhla foi n,hs' tg Tyqg ffp;Hh fmfkkqfha ks,a
meyefhks' f ksid Tyq ffp;Hh ksma meye;s nj is;hs k Tyq ,nkafka jer wjfndaOhls"
wh:d:dkqNjhls' tys is we;af;a wruqKg ys iajrEmh fkd.eksula fukau wruqKg wys
iajrEmh .ekSulah' h:d:dkqNjh hkq jia;=jl we;s ieh tf,iska u jgyd .ekSuhs' 7
lene,a,la l f lene,a,lehs ksjerj jgyd .kS k th h:d:dkqNjhhs' kHdhslhkaf.a
u;h wkqj fuu h:d:dkqNjh p;=O f'
i. m%;HlaIh

ii. wkqudkh

iii. Wmudkh

iv. Ydo hkqfjks'

f y;rg m%udK hkq ;j;a kuls' tfiau h:d:dkqNjh zm%udZ hkqfjka o yjkq ,ef'
f zm%udZ iy zm%udKZ hk jpk fol tlsfkl inkaOh' m%udKh" lrKh fyj;a fya;=j wkqj
tys M,h jk m%udj ,ef' m%;HCI m%udKh ksid m%;HCI m%udj fyj;a m%;HCI nqoah ,ef'
wkqudk m%udKh wkqj wkqudk m%udj fyj;a wkqudk nqoah ,ef' f wkqj meye,s jkafka
ksjer nqoah fyj;a jegySu ,nd .ekSf m%udKh ke;fyd;a fya;=j jeo.;a jk nj hs'
;jo h:d:dkqNjh hkq l=ulahs jgyd .ekSf jeo.;a jk ;j;a jpk ;=kla zlrK"
ldrK" ldhhZ hkqfjka olajd we;' tys zlrKZ hkafkka woyia jkafka wm idudkH
jHjydrfha Nd; lrk ldrKh fyj;a fya;=j hkakhs' tfy;a fya;= w;ka m%Odk fya;=j
fuys zlrKz hkafkka woyia jk nj lshhq;=h' lsish fohl M,hla we;s ug we;af;a tl
fya;=jla fkdf' ;lix.%yh olajk ksoiqk m l<hla we;s ug fya;= rdYshla ;sh hq;=h'
tk l=U,df.a w;" ue" W;aidyh" j;=r" l=U,a il hkd wfkalO fya;= thg wjYHh' tfy;a
l=U,df.a l< yef ldhhg wjYH;u fya;=j jkafka l=U,a il u;af;ys msysgd ;sfnk
oKavh' ^l=,d, oKav& fuu wdikak;u fya;=j fyj;a ldrKh ZlrKhZ k f' 8 zldrKhZ
hkafkka woyia jkafka ldhhg fyj;a M,h bmug ksYa; jYfhkau fya;= jkakdjQ tfiau
M, ksIamdokhg fmr mej;shd jQ jia;=jhs' zl<h uej,ska we;sfZ fuys l<h ksIamdokh ug
w;HjYHu foa ueh' tfiau tu ue l<h ksmoug fmr mej;s fohls' tneka ldhh kka
yekafjk M, ksIamdokhg taldka; fya;=j jk tfiau Bg mQjfhka mej;s jia;=j zlrKhZ
k f' ldhh hkak ykajd we;af;a zldh m%d.Ndjm%;sfhd.SZ hkqfjks' m%d.a wNdjhg m%;smCI
u ldhhfha fYaI ,CIKh nj bka lshef' m%d.a wNdjh k lsish jia;j
= la we;s ug
fmr tys fkdmej;Suhs' tu fkdmej;s nj ke;s lrka jia;=jl we;s u m%d.a wNdjhg
m%;smCIuhs' uq,ska woHudk jQ l<hla oHudk u zldhhZ hkafkka woyia f'

m%;HlaIh
;lix.%yhg wkqj m%;HlaIh iuH.a{dkh fyj;a ksjer wjfndaOh ,ef ud.
w;=ka m<uq jekakhs' fuh wd;ah jQ fm!oa.,sl w;alSuls' bJshhka yd wruqKq tlsfkl
inJO fuka ,nk kqu m%;HlaIhhs'9 f ksid wei" lk wd bJshhka rEm" Yo wd wruqKq
lS weiS wdfhka we;sjk kqu m%;HlaI{dkhls' flfkl=g fuu m%;HlaIh fohlg
,eh yelsh' bka m<uqjekak k ndysr wruqKq wei wd ndysr bJsh u.ska .%yKh
lr.ekSfuka ,nk m%;HlaIhhs' fuh ndysr m%;HlaIh kka yekah yelsh' fojekak k
ukiska lrkq ,nk wdOHd;al m%;HlaIhhs' fuh udkisl m%;HlaIh" wNHka;r m%;HlaIh
hkd kj,ska o yekah yelsh' iQ;% foaYkdj, zpCLq[ap mp rEfm p Wmamc;s
plaLq[a[dKx'''Z hkd f,iska wei;a rEmh;a weiqre fldg plaIq {dkh Wmk nj olajd
we;' f ksid bJsh m%;HlaIfha bJsh yd wruqK m%Odk jYfhka n,mdk nj meye,sh'
flfia jqj;a m%;HlaIfha m%fNao folla mj;sk nj fmkajd we;'
i. ksl,am m%;HlaIh
ii. il,am m%;HlaIh

ksl,am m%;HlaIh hkqfjka woyia lrkafka bJsh yd wruqK tlsfkl .egKq m<uq
jk laIKfhys ta ms<sn|j we;sjk zf lsisjlahZ hk Y=oaO ikaksfok ud;%hhs' fuh
ksoiqklska olajkafka k wm ;fha lsis kl fkdgq jia;=jla wmg hfula fmkakqjfyd;a
th uq,skau gq wjia:dfjys wmg fkkqfha tys ku fyda idod we;s foa fyda th iS;, o WKqiq
o ;o o fudf,dla o hkdh fkdj zf lsish fohlahZ hk wjfndaOhhs' fuu kdu-cd;s wd
j. Nd. wdfrdamKh lsug fmr wjia:dj ksl,aml m%;HCIh hkqfjka yekaf'
;lix.%yfhys ksl,am hkak ykajkafka fYaI Nd. rys; {dkhhs' 10 il,am m%;HCIh
hkafkka woyia flfrkafka fYaI Nd. iys; {dkhhs'11 tk uq,au CIKfhys wm th iqh"
>kh" WKqiqh" fuh wij,a k f" fuh wkqNjhg .kakd wdydrhls hkd jYfhka j.
Nd. k .ekSu ksl,am {dkhhs'
m%;HCIh" f,!lsl m%;HCIh yd wf,!lsl m%;HCIh hkqfjka fojeoEre f' wei" lk
wd brka u.ska isjk m%;HCIh f,i yekah yelsh' fuh idudkH f,dalfha ljfrl=yg
jqj;a ,eh yels {dkhls' wf,!lsl m%;HCIh jkdyS yqfola uksJsh lrKfhkau isjkakls'
tfiau th we;sjkafka lhka" odYkslhka" fhda.Ska jeks iqfYaI mqoa.,hskagh'
;lix.%yfhys olajk m m%;HCih is jkafka bJsh yd wruqKq ^}w:& ikakslIh fyj;a
iujdh fya;=fjks' tlS ikakslIh bJsh inkaOh wkqj pCIqikakslIh hkd iska
ihjeoEre f' ;jo fuys ;jrg;a m%fNao lrka ;lix.%yfha ixfhda.ikakslIh"
ixhqla;iujdhikakslIh"
iufj;iujdhSikakslIh"
iujdhikakslIh"
iufj;iujdhSikakslIh" fYaIKfYaIHNdjikakslIh hkqfjka j.Sfldg we;'11 f
ljrdldr l%uhlska kuq;a bJsh-w: ikakslIhla isfuka we;s jk kqu m%;HCI nqoahla
f,i ie,fla'

wkqudkh
m%;HCI {dkh Wmfhda.S fldg f.k wm%;HCI fohla ms<sn| ksjer wjfndaOhla ,nd
.ekSu wkqudk {dkh f,i yekah yelsh' wkqudk {dkh ,nd .ekSu i|yd lrKh fyj;a
fya;=j jkafka wkqudkhhs' zwkqj KSuZ wkqudk hehs o lsj yelsh' l=ula wkqj uKskafkao h;a"
;ud fmr ,o m%;HCI {dkh wkqjh' fuh iuH.a{dkh ,nd .ekSf tla l%uhla f,i
ffkhdhslfhda i,l;s' zwkquk i|yd w;HjYHu lreK jkafka jHdma;shhs'Z th m%;HCIhg
bJsh-wruqKq w;r ikakslIh fuks' fuys jHdma;sh hkafkka woyia jkafka zfya;=j iy Tmamq
l<hq;= foh w;r mj;sk inJOh fkdle" fkd taldnoaOj wfhdackShj meje;Suhs'Z 12 zh
;ekl u weoao tys .sks we;'Zzh ;ekl ysu weoao tys iS;, we;'Z zhful=g ;gq weoao Tyq
mshdUkafkls'Z u iy .sks" ysu iy iS;," ;gq iy mshdu" hk fjd w;r wfhdackSh
inJO;dj wm w;alSfuka l we;' fufia fya;=j iy Tmamq l<hq;= foh w;r fkdlevqKq
neu jHdma;sh k f'
wkqudk {dkhla Wmojd .ekSu msKsi lreKq y;rla ;sh hq;=h' tk
i. ,sx.h ke;fyda fya;=j ^}idOkh&
ii. mCIh ke;fyd;a ,sx.hg wdOdrh'
ii. idOHh fyj;a Tmamq l<hq;= foa'
iv. jHdma;sh'
fuu lreKq y;r ykd .ekSug .skak ksoiqka fldg .;a l,ayS .sks we;s nj Tmamq
lsug olajk fya;=j jk ,sx.hhs' mj;fhys .sks we; hk fuys u mej;Sug wdOdrh jk
mj;h mCIhhs' idOHh fyj;a Tmamq l<hq;= foa k mj;fhys .sks we;s njhs' jHdma;sh k
.skak iy u w;r wLKav inJO;djla mej;Suhs' f wkqj ,sx." mCI" idOHh" jHdma;sh hk

lreKq y;f talSN+; ksYa; kqu wkqudk{dkhhs' iEu wkqudkhla ;=<u fuu lreKq y;r
olakd ,ef'
wkqudkh iajd:dkqudkh yd mrd:dkqudkh hkqfjka fojeoEre f'13 ;u jegySu ,nd
.ekSu i|yd lrkq ,nk wkqudkh iajd:dkqudkh k f' ;udu wkudk {dkfhka ,nd
tu.ska fjk;a wfhl=g wjfndaOhla we;s lru mrd:dkqudkhhs' wkqkag hula jgydu Yo
u.ska flfrk fyhska mrd:dkqudkh Yod;aulh' ixjdlH u.ska fyj;a wjhj mylska hq;=
jdlHhlska fuu mrd:dkqudkh is flf' kSu ms<sn| iel we;s whg fuu mxp wjhj jdlH
u.ska kqu ,nd u is flfrk nj lsj hq;=h' tu wjhj mi fufiah'
i. m%;s{d fyj;a m%ldYh'
ii. fya;=j'
iii. WodyrKh'
iv. Wmkh fyj;a fya;=j m%;s{dj;a iu. tlg .e<mSu'
v. ks.ukh fyj;a th tfia hehs ;SrKh lsu'
m%;s{d

l=l=<d mCIsfhls'

fya;=j

mshdm;aj,ska b.sf,k fyhsks'

WodyrKh

lmqgd fuks'

Wmkh

fudyq;a tfiah' ^l=l=<dg;a mshdm;aj,ska b.s,sh yelsh'&

ks.ukh

tfyhska tfiah' fyj;a l=l=<d mCIsfhls'

fuys WodyrKhg h hq;af;a ielhla ke;sj ms<s.; yels fohls' tfiau jHdma;sh
fyj;a m%;snJOh jer k iuia;uh jer f' ;jo iajd: wkq;shg;a" mrd: wkq;shg;a
lrKh jkafka ,sx. mrduYhhs' tksid ,sx. mrduYh wkqudkh f' ,sx.h hkq ykd .ekSf
,CIKhhs" fya;=jhs' tu ,sx.h ;=kajeoEre f'
i. wJjhjH;sflS'

ii. flj,dJjhS'

iii. flj,jH;sflS hkqfjks'

oqu we;s ;ek .sks we;" hkak wJjhjH;sflhhs' jHdmH ^u& u jHdml ^.sks& fofla
tlg neKq nj wJjhjH;sflhhs' jHdmH yd jHdml fofla tlSh meje;aula ke;s nj lau
jH;sfl jHdma;shhs' ;j;a hlska lsjfyd;a wJjhfhka fyda jH;sflfhka hk foflkau
hula m%ldY l< yels k th wJjhjH;sflS k f' u ke;s ;ek .sks ke; hkq ksoiqkls'
flaj,dJjhS hkafkka woyia jkafka wJjfhka muKla m%ldY l< yels fohhs' l<h kula we;s
fohls' ykd .; yels zjia;%h fuksZ hk fuh flaj,dJjhS hkakg ksoiqkls' fuys tll
fkdmeje;au wfkfla fkdmeje;au fmkajk jH;sfl mCIh ke;' tneka flaj,dJjhS k f'
wJjh wxYh fkdolajk jH;sflS wxYh muKla olajk m%ldYh flaj,jH;sflS k f' ;j;a
hlska lsjfyd;a jH;sflfhka muKla m%ldY l< foh flaj,jH;sflS k f' zfmdf<dj
wksla tajdhska fjkia f' .JOfhka hqla; fyhsks'Z hkq ksoiqkls' fuys wJjh wxYh fkdiaf'
tfyhska flaj,jH;sflS k f' f wkqj wJjh h k tl folla oHudk jk g ;j;a
fohla ksrka;rfhkau oHudk jYfhka mj;sk wLKav inJO;djhs' jH;sfl h k
tl fohla woHudk jk g ;j;a fohla ksrka;rfhkau woHudk jYfhka mj;sk
ksiel inJO;djhs' f fofhka mCId lr ne,Sfuka hula ms<sn| kshu fya;=j fidhd .;
yelsh'

fyaFjdNdi
wkqudkfha jeo.;au idOlh jkafka fya;=jhs' fuys fyaFjdNdi ms<sn| fYaI
wjOdkhla fhduq fldg we;af;a tlS fya;= ms<sn| idlPd l< hq;= ksidfjks' wimQK jQ
fya;=j fyaFjdNdi k f' zfya;=jla fuka fmfkk tfy;a kshu fya;=jla fkdjk jHdc fya;=j
fyaFjdNdihls'Z ;lix.%yfha tn fyaFjdNdi myla olajd we;'13
i. ijHNspdr

ii. reoaO iii. im%;smlaI iv. wisoaO v. nd;

ijHNspdr hkakg ;j;a iudk jpkhla k wffkldka;sl hkakhs' 14 thska woyia

jkafka taldka; fkdjk hkakhs' fn!oaO kHdfhys f i|yd Nd; lrkafka ix.aO ^ieliys;&
fyda wksYa; hk jpkhhs' flfia kuq;a fya;=f mj; iar ke;s nj" taldka; fkdjk nj"
ijHNspdrhhs' zpka.%yKh m%lD;s wiska fkdne,sh hq;= njg fya;=j f,i olajkafka weia
wkaOuhs' kuq;a tfia lsfuka weia wkaO jQfjdao h yelsh" fkdjQfjdao h yelsh' f ksid
fya;=j taldka; ke;' f i|yd ;l ix.%yh olajkafka zYoh ks;Hh' YamI l< fkdyels
fyhsks'Z hkakhs' fuys iamY l< fkd yels u ks;H nfjys wksjdh ,laIKhla fkdf'
reoaO fyaFjdNdih kka woyia jkafka hula Tmamq lsu i|yd olajk ,o fya;=j
fyj;a ;lh th LKavkh u i|yd fya;=jla jkafka k thhs' zfudyq msfhls' idhla yd
yeghla wk fyhsks'Z hk fuys olajk ,o fya;=j ms nj Tmamq lsug reoaO jkakls' thska
Tmamq jkafka msfhla fkdjk njhs' tneka fuu fya;=j reoaO fyaFjdNdihls'
im%;smlaI fyaFjdNdifhka lshefjkafka m%;smlaI fya;= iys; njhs' hula Tmamq lsug
olajk ,o fya;=jg wu;rj Tmamq fkdu i|yd fya;=jl=;a oHudk f k" th im%;smlaI
fyaFjdNdi ,laIKhhs'
i. Yoh ks;H Y%djK;ajfhka ^Y%jK fhda.H& hqla; fyhsks' Yo;ajh fuks'
ii. Yo wks;Hh' ldhrEmS fyhsks' l<h fuks'
wdldYh ks;H jHhla nj kHdhslhkaf.a ms<s.ekSuhs' tu ks;H wdldYh weiqre l<
Yoh o Y%jKFj .=Kh ksid ks;H hkq ms<s.ekSuhs' thska Yofha ks;H nj ;yjqre f' tfiau
l<h jeks ldh iajrEmS ishu foa taldka;fhkau wks;Hh' Yoh o lsisjl= iska lrkq ,nk
ldhhls' tneka th o wks;H h hq;=h' fufia uq,ska lajQ fya;=fjka ks;H;ajh ;yjqre jk
w;r fojekafkka wks;H;ajh ;yjqre f' tneka fuh im%;smCI k f'
wiskaO fyaFjdNdifhka woyia jkafka ksjer fya;=jl ;sh hq;= wx.j,ska ySkuhs'
mlaIh fyj;a wdY%h ienekau woHudk jQ l,ams;ud;%hla f k th wisoaOfyaFjdNdihls'
zwdldYmoauh iqj|j;ah' moauh iqj|j;a jk fyhsks' Yaf;moauh fuks'Z fuys wdldY moauh
hkak l,ams;hls' ienkau tjekakla ke;' tneka iqj|j;a nj Tmamq lsug wdY%h jQ
wdldYmoauh hkak kshu fya;=jla fkdf'
nd; fyaFjdNdih hkafkka woyia flfrkqfha hula Tmamq lsu i|yd bm;a lrk ,o
fya;=j m%;HlaI wd fjk;a m%udKhlska ndOd lrk ,oaola uhs' z.skak WIaK iamY we;af;ah'
jH fyhsks'Z YS;, yd WIaKh ;aj.a bJsfhka m%;HlaI l< hq;= foaj,ah' th ldg jqj;a
m%;HlaIfhka o; yelsh' fuys ksoiqka fya;=j f,i olajkafka jH;ajhhs' .skak WKqiq myia
we;s nj laug fmkajQ tu fya;=j idOk Ndjfhka f;dr jQjls' tneka th fyaFjdNdihls'
h:d:j;a wkqudk{dkhla ,nd .ekSug k wkqudkfha jeo.;a wx.hla jk
fyaFjdNdihka uekka ykd f.k thska ksjer fya;= u.ska th l<hq;= f' iuH.a{dkhla

,nd .ekSu i|yd fn!oaO kHdh u.ska ms<s.kakd ,oafoa fuu m%;HCI-wkqudk hk m%udK fol
muKls'

Wmudkh
Wmudkh o m%;HlaIdh fukau ksjer kqula imhk u`.la nj oYk Ydia;%fhys
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fhda. yd ffjfYaIslfhda Wmudkh kqu ,nk m%udKhla f,i fkdms<s.kakdyq fj;s' ffck yd
fn!oaO kHdh Ydia;%j, o fuh fjku m%udKhla f,i ms<s.kafka ke;' Wmudkfhka ,efnk
M,h Wm;shhs' Wmudkh k tla fohlg ;j;a fohla iu fldg lauhs' fuhg ksoiqka uq,ska
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15
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Ydo fyj;a wdma; jdlH

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i. wdlxIdj ii. fhd.H;dj iii. ikaksh hkqfjks'16
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jdlHd:hg ndOd fkdlrjk njh' ikaksh k wdikak njhs' jdlHd: f;are .ekSug
fkdyels jk fia mohla w;r ld,fhka fyda fjk;a fohlska w;rla ke;s fkd fldg ;eu
fuhska wfmaCIs;hs'
fufia ;lix.%yh olajk m%ud fyj;a h:d:{dk y;rla f' fuh jgyd .ekSf
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yqfola ;lix.%yfha b.ekafjkqfha yska Ydia;%hg wod< foa muKla jk fyhsks' tfia jqj;a
fn!oaO kHdh Ydia;%h .ek mq,a wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSu i|yd ;lix.%yh uy;a msgqjy,la
f'
mdol igyka'
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3' zh:d:dkqNjYap;=O#" m%;HlaIdkq;Hqm;sYdodfNod;aZ ;lix.%yh'
4' zoaOx iuH.a{dkx m%;HlaIDkqudk{apZ kHdh xj" ms'1
5' zbkashd:ikakslIckHx {dkx m%;HlaIZ m%;HlaI m%udKh n,kak'
6' z;lix.%yhZ" nqoa m%lrKh n,kak'
7' z;oaj;s ;;a m%ldrfld kqNfjd h;d:#Z ;lix.%yh'
8' zwidOdrKx ldrKx lrKZ

9' zbkashd:ikakslIckHx {dkx m%;HlaIZ

10' zksIam%ldrx {dkx ks.,amlZ m%;HlaI m%udKh n,kak'
11' zim%ldrlx {dkx il,amlZ m%;HlaI m%udKh n,kak'
12' z;lix.%y jrKhZ" mKa; jrldf.dv iS,r;k ia:r" 1 uqKh' ms' 140
13' zwkqudkx oaOx" iajd:x mrd:[afp;sZ wkqudk m%udKh'
14' zijHNspdfrd ffkldka;sl#Z fyaFjdNdi ia;rh n,kak'
15' uuksldfha w,.oamu iQ;%h n,kak'
16' zwdldxCId fhd.H;dikaksYap jdlHd:{dfk fy;=#Z Yom%udKh n,kak'