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Linear Equations in One Variable Class 8

1. An algebraic equation is an equality involving variables. It says that the value of the expression on one side of the equality sign is equal to the value of the expression on the other side. 2. In such equations, the expressions which form the equation contain only one variable. Further, the equations are linear, i.e., the highest power of the variable appearing in the equation is 1. 3. A linear equation may have for its solution any rational number. 4. An equation may have linear expressions on both sides. 5. ust as numbers, variables can, also, be transposed from one side of the equation to the other. . !ccasionally, the expressions forming equations have to be simplified before we can solve them by usual methods. "ome equations may not even be linear to begin with, but they can be brought to a linear form by multiplying both sides of the equation by a suitable expression. !. #he utility of linear equations is in their diverse applications$ different problems on numbers, ages, perimeters, combination of currency notes, and so on can be solved using linear equations.

E"er#ise 1
$ol%e the &ollo'in( equations) 1. x 2 = 7

x = 7+ 2= 9 y + 3 = 10 y = 10 3 = 7 z = 6 2 = 4 3 17 + x= 7 7 17 3 17 3 14 x= = = = 2 7 7 7 7 x = 12 6 = 2 t = 10 5 t = 10 5 = 50
.

2.

3. 6 = z + 2

4.

5. 6 x = 12

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!.

2x = 18 3 2 x = 18 3 = 54 x = 54 2 = 27 y 1.5 y = 1.6 1.5 = 2.4 1.6 = 7 x = 16 + 9 = 25 25 x= 7 14 y 8 = 13 14 y = 13 + 8 = 21 21 3 y= = 14 2 17 + 6 p = 9 6 p = 9 17 = 6 6 p= = 1 6 x 7 + 1= 3 15 x 7 7 15 8 = 1= = 3 15 15 15 8 8 x= 3= 15 5

8.

.. 7 x 9 = 16

1-.

11.

12.

E"er#ise 2
1. 0& you subtra#t

1 1 1 &ro+ a nu+ber and +ulti*ly the result by 1 you (et . 2 2 8

2hat is the nu+ber3 4ns'er) %et us assume the number to be x #hen, as per question we have following equation&

1 1 1 x = 2 2 8

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Finish Line & Beyond 1 = 2 1 x = 2 1 x= + 4 x 1 1 8 2 1 1 2= 8 4 1 2+ 1 3 = = 2 4 4

2. 5he *eri+eter o& a re#tan(ular s'i++in( *ool is 154 +etres. 0ts len(th is 2+ +ore than t'i#e its breadth. 2hat are the len(th and breadth o& the *ool. 4ns'er) %et us assume the breadth of swimming pool ' #hen as per question its length ' 2 x + 2 metres. As we (now )erimeter of *ectangle '

x metres

2(length + breadth)

"o, +readth ' ,- m %ength ' -, m )erimeter' ,.-,/,-0'1-1 m 3. 5he base o& an isos#eles trian(le is is

154 = 2( x + 2 x + 2) 154 = 2(3x + 2) = 6 x + 4 6 x = 154 4 = 150 x = 150 6 = 25

4 #+s. 5he 6eri+eter o& the trian(le 3

2 #+s. Find the len(th o& other t'o sides o& the trian(le. 15

4ns'er) %et us assume the two equal sides to be x cms #hen )erimeter can be written as following equation&

2 4 = 2x + 15 3 62 4 62 20 42 2x = = = 15 3 15 15 42 1 21 7 x= = = cms 15 2 15 5 4
4. $u+ o& t'o nu+bers is .5. 0& one e"#eeds the other by 15 &ind the nu+7 bers. 4ns'er) %et us assume one number' 2ence, another muber ' x + 15 As per question&

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x + x + 15 = 95 2 x + 15 = 95 2 x = 95 15 = 80 x = 80 2 = 40 x + 15 = 55
5. 5'o nu+bers are in the ration 5)3. 0& they di&&er by 181 &ind these nu+7 bers. 4ns'er) "uppose one number ' x #hen another number ' x + 18 As per question we get following equation&

x + 18 5 = x 3 3 x + 54 = 5 x 5 x 3 x = 54 x = 27 x + 18 = 45 45 : 27 = 5 : 3

. 5hree #onse#uti%e inte(ers add u* to 51. 2hat are these inte(ers3 4ns'ers) %et the first integer ' x, second ' x/1 and third ' x/3 "o, x + x + 1 + x + 2 = 51

1st Integer ' 14 ,nd Integer ' 15 3rd Integer ' 16 !. 5he su+ o& three #onse#uti%e +ulti*les o& 8 is 888. Find the +ulti*le. 4ns'er) %et us assume first multiple ' 8 x 2ence "econd multiple ' 8( x + 7ow we get following equation&

3 x + 3 = 51 3 x = 48 x = 16

1) #hird multiple ' 8( x + 2)

2ence,

8 x + 8( x + 1) + 8( x + 2) = 888 8 x + 8 x + 8 + 8 x + 16 = 888 24 x + 24 = 888 24 x = 888 24 = 864 x = 864 24 = 36

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1st multiple ' 8 36 = 288 ,nd multiple ' 8 37 = 296 3rd multiple ' 8 38 = 304 ,66/,84/391'666 8. 5hree #onse#uti%e inte(ers are as su#h 'hen they are ta8en in in#reasin( order and +ulti*lied by 21 31 and 4 res*e#ti%ely1 they add u* to !4. Find these nu+bers. 4ns'er) "uppose first integer' x #hen second integer ' x + 1 #hird integer ' x + 2 7ow we get the following equation&

2ence, the set of numbers is & 5, 6, 8

2 x + 3( x + 1) + 4( x + 2) = 74 2 x + 3 x + 3 + 4 x + 8 = 74 9 x + 11 = 74 9 x = 74 11 = 63 x = 63 9 = 7

.11/,1/34'510

.. 5he nu+ber o& boys and (irls in a #lass is in !)5 ratio. 5he nu+ber o& boys is 8 +ore than that o& (irls. Fin their nu+bers. 4ns'er) :e can ma(e following equation&

7 x 5x = 8 2x = 8 x = 8 2 = 4 "o, +oys ' 7 4 = 28 ;irls ' 5 4 = 20

1-. 5he a(es o& 9ahul and :aroon are in the ratio o& 5)!. Four years &ro+ no' su+ o& their a(es 'ill be 5 years. Find their *resent a(e. 4ns'er) "uppose *ahul<s current age ' -x *ahul<s age after 1 years ' -x/1 2aroon<s current age ' 5x 2aroon<s age after 1 years ' 5x/1 As per question,

5 x + 4 + 7 x + 4 = 56 12 x + 8 = 56 12 x = 56 8 = 48 x = 48 12 = 4 "o, *ahul<s Age ' 5 4 = 20 2aroon<s Age ' 7 4 = 28

11. Bai#hun(;s &ather is 2 years youn(er than Bai#hun(;s (rand&ather and 2. years older than Bai#hun(. 5he su+ o& their a(es is 135. Find their a(es.

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4ns'er) As per question we get following equation& x + x + 26 + x 29 = 135 , where x is father<s age.

Father<s Age ' 11 years ;randfather<s age ' 59 years +aichung<s Age ' 1- years 12. Fi&teen years &ro+ no' 9a%i;s a(e 'ill be 4 ti+es his #urrent a(e. 2hat is his #urrent a(e. 4ns'er) :e get following equation&

3 x 3 = 135 3 x = 132 x = 132 3 = 44

*avi<s =urrent Age ' - years. 13. 4 rational nu+ber is as su#h that 'hen you +ulti*ly it by to it you (et

x + 15 = 4 x 3 x = 15 x = 15 3 = 5

5 2 and add 2 3

7 . 2hat is the nu+ber3 12

4ns'er) :e get following equation&

5 2 7 + = 2 3 12 5x 7 2 7 8 15 = = = 2 12 3 12 12 5 2 1 x= = 12 5 6 x
14. La8sh+i is a #ashier in a ban8. $he has notes o& deno+inations o& 9s. 1--1 5- and 1- res*e#ti%ely. 5he ratio o& nu+ber o& these notes is 2)3)5 re7 s*e#ti%ely. 5he total #ash 'ith La8sh+i is 41--1---. :o' +any notes o& ea#h deno+ination does she ha%e3 4ns'er) :e can get following equation&

"o, 199 rupees notes ' ,999 -9 rupees notes ' 3999 19 rupees notes ' -999

200 x + 150 x + 50 x = 400000 400 x = 400000 x = 1000

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15. 0 ha%e total 9s 3-- in #oins o& deno+inations o& 9s.11 9s.21 and 9s. 5.5he nu+ber o& 9s. 2 #oins is 3 ti+es the nu+ber o& 9s. 5 #oins. 5he total nu+ber o& #oins is 1 -. :o' +any #oins o& ea#h deno+ination are 'ith +e. 4ns'er) "uppose number of *s. - coins ' x #hen number *s. , coins ' 3 x "uppose number of *s. 1 coins ' y :e can get following equations& 5 x + 6 x + y = 300 >>>>>>>>>>>>..10

x + 3 x + y = 160 >>>>>>>>>>>>...,0
"ubtracting equation , from 1 we get&

hence, 7umber of *s. - coins ' ,9 7umber of *s. , coins ' 49 7umber of *s. 1 coins ' 69 #otal amount ' 5 20 + 2 60 + 1 80 = 100 + 120 + 80 = 300 1 . 5he or(ani<ers in an essay #o+*etition de#ide that 'inner 'ill (et a *ri<e o& 9s. 1-- and a *arti#i*ation 'ho doesn;t 'in (ets a *ri<e o& 9s. 25. 5he total *ri<e +oney distributed is 9s. 31---. Find the nu+ber o& 'inners i& the total nu+ber o& *arti#i*ants is 3. 4ns'er) "uppose number of winners ' x and number losing participants ' #hen, x + y = 63 >>>>>>>>>>>>>..10

7 x = 140 x = 140 7 = 20

And, 100 x + 25 y = 3000 >>>>>>>>>..,0 ?ultiplying equation .10 by ,- and subtracting the result from equation .,0 we get

7umber of winners ' 18 7umber of losing participants ' 4lternate =ethod)

100 x + 25 y (25 x + 25 y ) = 3000 1575 75 x = 1425 x = 1425 75 = 19

63 19 = 44

x + y = 63 x = 63 y >>>>>>>...30 100 x + 25 y = 3000 100 x = 3000 25 y 3000 25 y x= >>>>>.10 100 3000 25 y 100 6300 100 y = 3000 25 y 63 y =

From equation .30 and .10 we get following equation&

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Finish Line & Beyond 6300 = 3000 25 y + 100 y = 3000 + 75 y 75 y = 6300 3000 = 3300 y = 3300 75 = 44 2ence, x = 63 44 = 19 E"re#ise 3
$ol%e Follo'in( Equations) 1.

3 x = 2 x + 18 3 x 2 x = 18 x = 18

2.

5t 3 = 3t 5 5t = 3t 5 + 3 = 3t 2 3t 5t = 2 2t = 2 t = 1 5 x + 9 = 5 + 3x 5 x = 3x 4 3x 5 x = 4 2x = 4 x= 2

3.

4.

4z + 3 = 6 + 2z 4z 2z = 6 3 = 3 3 z= 2 2 x + x = 14 + 1 = 15 x= 5 8 x + 4 = 3( x 1) + 7 8 x = 3x 3 + 7 4 8 x = 3x
.

5. 2 x 1 = 14 x

!nly 9 can satisfy above condition, so the value of x'9 !.

x=

4 ( x + 10) 5

5 x = 4 x + 10 5 x 4 x = x = 10

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Finish Line & Beyond 2x 7x + 1= + 3 3 15 2x 7x = 2 3 15 10 x 7 x = 2 15 3 x = 30 x = 10 2y +

8.

..

5 26 = y 3 3 26 5 21 3y = = = 7 3 3 3 7 y= 3 3m = 5m 8 5

1-.

8 5 4 m= 5 2m = E"er#ise 4
1. 4+ina thin8s o& a nu+ber and subtra#ts

5 &ro+ it. $he +ulti*lies the res7 2

ult by 8. 5he &inal result is 3 ti+es her ori(inal nu+ber. Find the nu+ber. 4ns'er) %et the number ' x, then we can ma(e following equation&

5 x 8 = 3x 2 8 x 20 = 3 x 8 x 3 x = 5 x = 20 x = 20 5 = 4
2. 4 *ositi%e nu+ber is 5 ti+es another nu+ber. 0& 21 is added to both the nu+bers then one o& the ne' nu+bers be#o+es t'i#e o& another ne' nu+7 bers. Find the ori(inal nu+bers. 4ns'er) %et one of the numbers ' x, then another number ' -x :e can ma(e following equation&

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Finish Line & Beyond 2( x + 21) = 5 x + 21 2 x + 42 = 5 x + 21 5 x 2 x = 42 21 = 21 3 x = 21 x= 7 5 x = 35

*equired numbers are 5 and 3-. 3. $u+ o& the di(its o& a t'o di(it nu+ber is .. 2hen 'e inter#han(e the di7 (its the ne' nu+ber is 2! (reater than the earlier nu+ber. Find the nu+7 ber. 4ns'er) "uppose the digit at unit<s place ' x @igit at ten<s place ' y #hen, x + y = 9 >>>>>>>>>>..10

10 y + x "econd 7umber ' 10 x + y And @ifference, 10 x + y (10 y + x) = 27 9 x 9 y = 27 9( x y ) = 27 x y = 3 >>>>>>>>>>>>>.,0

First number '

x + y + x y = 9 + 3 = 12 2 x = 12 x= 6 y = 9 6 = 3

Adding equation .10 A .,0 we get

#he numbers are 34 and 43 4. One o& the di(its o& a t'o di(it nu+ber is three ti+es the other di(it. 0& you inter#han(e the di(its and add the resultin( nu+ber to ori(inal nu+ber you (et 88 as &inal result. Find the nu+bers. 4ns'er) %et the digits be x and y #hen x' 3y #he numbers are& 19x/y !r, 39y/y and, 19y/x !r, 19y/3y 2ence, 31y/13y ' 66 !r, 11y'66 !r, y' , "o, x'4 2ence, numbers are ,4 and 4,.

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5. $ahoo;s +other;s *resent a(e is si" ti+es $ahoo;s *resent a(e. Fi%e year &ro+ no' $ahoo;s a(e 'ill be one7third o& his +other;s a(e. Find their #ur7 rent a(e. 4ns'er) %et "ahoo<s Age' x ?other<s Age'-x "ahoo<s Age - years from now' x/?other<s Age - years from now' -x/As per question 3.x/-0'-x/!r, 3x/1-'-x/!r, 3x/19 ' -x !r, ,x ' 19 !r, x ' "o, "ahoo<s =urrent Age ' - years ?other<s =urrent Age ' ,- years

. 5here is a narro' re#tan(ular *lot. 5he len(th and breadth o& the *lot are in the ratio o& 11)4. 4t the rate o& 9s. 1-- *er +etre it 'ill #ost %illa(e *an7 #hayat 9s.!5--- to &en#e the *lot. 2hat are the di+ensions o& the *lot. 4ns'er) %et us assume, %ength ' 11x +readth ' 4 x )erimeter '

Cost 75000 = = 750 metre Rate 100 2(11x + 4 x) = 750 11x + 4 x = 750 2 = 375 15 x = 375 x = 375 15 = 25 11x = 275m and 4 x = 100m

!. :asan buys t'o 8inds o& #loth +aterials &or s#hool uni&or+. $hirt +aterial #ost hi+ 9s. 5- *er +etre and trousers +aterial #ost hi+ 9s. .- *er +etre. For e%ery 2 +etres o& the trousers +aterial he buys 3 +etres o& shirt +ater7 ial. :e sells the+ at 12> and 1-> *ro&it res*e#ti%ely. :is total sale is 9s. 3 1 -. :o' +u#h trousers +aterial did he buy3 4ns'er) %et us assume the length of trousers material ' 2 x m %ength of shirt material ' 3 x m )rofit on 1 metre of trousers cloth ' 90 12% = 10.80 2ence "ales )rice per metre for trousers cloth ' 90 + 10.80 = 100.80 )rofit on 1 metre of shirt cloth ' 50 10% = 5 2ence "ales )rice per metre for shirt cloth ' --

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7ow we can get following equation&

2 x 100.80 + 3 x 55 = 36660 201.60 x + 165 x = 36660 366.60 x = 36660 x = 36660 366.60 = 100 2 x = 200 metre is the length of trousers material.

8. :al& o& a herd o& deer are (ra<in( in the &ield and three &ourths o& the re7 +ainin( are *layin( nearby. 5he rest . are drin8in( 'ater &ro+ the *ond. Find the total nu+ber o& deer in the herd. 4ns'er) %et total number deer' x

x 2 x 3 3x = 7umber of deer playing ' 2 4 8

7umber of deer graBing ' 7umber of deer playing ' 8

x 3x + + 9 2 8 4 x + 3 x + 72 x= 8 8 x = 7 x + 72 x = 72 x=
.. 4 (rand&ather is 1- ti+es older than his (randdau(hter. :e is also 54 years older than her. Find their a(e. 4ns'er) %et ;randdaughter<s age ' x #hen ;randfather<s age ' 19x "o, 10 x = x + 54

Age of ;randdaughter ' 4 years Age of ;randfather ' 49 years 1-. 4 +an;s a(e is three ti+es his son;s a(e. 5en years a(o his a(e 'as &i%e ti+es his son;s a(e. Find their #urrent a(e. 4ns'er) %et "on<s Age ' x #hen, Father<s Age ' 3x #en years ago "on<s Age ' x-19 #en years ago father<s Age ' 3x-19 "o,

9 x = 54 x= 6

5( x 10) = 3 x 10 5 x 50 = 3 x 10

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5 x = 3 x + 40 2 x = 40 x = 20

"on<s Age ' ,9 years Father<s Age ' 49 years

E"er#ise 5
$ol%e Follo'in( Equations) 1.

x 1 x 1 = + 2 5 3 4 x x 1 1 = + 2 3 4 5 3x 2 x 5 + 4 = 6 20 x 9 = 6 20 9 27 x= 6= 20 10

2.

x 3x 5 x + = 21 2 4 6 6 x 9 x + 10 x = 21 6 7 x = 21 6 21 6 x= = 18 7 8 x 17 5 x = 3 6 2 8 x 5 x 17 x + = 7 3 2 6 6 x 16 x + 15 x 17 42 = 6 6 5x 25 = 6 6 5 x = 25 x= 5 x+ 7 3t 2 2t + 3 2 = t 4 3 3

3.

4.

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5.

3t 2 2t + 3 2 + t= 4 3 3 9t 6 8t 12 + 12t 2 = 12 3 13t 18 2 = 12 3 2 13t 18 = 12 = 8 3 13t = 8 + 18 = 26 t = 13 m m 1 m 2 = 1 2 3 m 1 m 2 m + = 1 2 3 6m 3m + 3 + 2m 4 = 1 6 5m 1 = 6 5m = 7 7 m= 5

!.

3(t 3) = 5(2t + 1) 3t 9 = 10t + 5 3t 10t = 5 + 9 = 14 7t = 14 t = 2 15( y 4) 2( y 9) + 5( y + 6) = 0 15 y 60 2 y + 18 + 5 y + 30 = 0 18 y 12 = 0 18 y = 12 12 2 y= = 18 3 3(5 z 7) 2(9 z 11) = 4(8 z 13) 17 15 z 21 18 z + 22 = 32 z 52 17 3z + 1 = 32 z 69 32 z ( 3 z ) = 1 + 69 = 70 35 z = 70 z= 2

8.

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..

0.25(4 f 3) = 0.05(10 f 9) f 0.75 = 0.5 f 0.45 0.5 f f = 0.35 0.5 f = 0.35 f = 0.35 0.5 = 0.7

E"er#ise
$ol%e Follo'in( Equations) 1.

8x 3 = 2 3x 8x 3 = 6x 8x 6x = 3 2x = 3 3 x= 2

2.

9x = 15 7 6x 9 x = 105 90 x 9 x + 90 x = 99 x = 105 105 35 x= = 99 33 z 4 = z + 15 9 9 z = 4 z + 60 5 z = 60 z = 12 3y + 4 = 2 6y 15 y + 20 = 15 y = 4 + 3 y = 24 y= 8 2 5 4 + 12 y 12 y 20

3.

4.

5.

7y + 4 4 = y+ 2 3 21 y + 12 = 4 y 8

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Finish Line & Beyond 21 y = 4 y 8 12 = 4 y 20 4 y 21 y = 20 25 y = 20 20 4 y= = 25 5

. :ari and :arry;s a(e are in the ratio o& 5)!. Four years later the ratio o& their a(es 'ill be 3)4. Find their #urrent a(e. 4ns'er) %et 2ari<s Age ' -x and 2arry<s Age ' 5x Four years from now 2ari<s Age' -x/1 Four years from now 2arry<s Age ' 5x/1 #hen we get following equation&

"o, 2ari<s Age -x ',9 years 2arry<s Age 5x ' ,6 years !. 0& in a rational nu+ber deno+inator is (reater than nu+erator by 8. 0& you in#rease the nu+erator by 1! and de#rease the deno+inator by 11 you (et

5x + 4 3 = 7x + 4 4 20 x + 16 = 21x + 12 21x 20 x = 16 12 x= 4

3 as result. Find the nu+ber. 2

4ns'er) %et the numerator be x, then denominator ' x/6 "o, the equation we get is as follows&

7umerator ' 13 and @enominator ' 13/6',1 #he rational number '

x + 17 3 = x+ 7 2 2 x + 34 = 3x + 21 3 x 2 x = x = 34 21 = 13 13 21

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